Fourth wall and Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive unanswered 2004: Difference between pages
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''[[Wikipedia:Reference Desk]] -- [[Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive|Archive]]'' |
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Specifically in a [[Proscenium]] [[Theater]], the term '''fourth wall''' applies to the imaginary invisible wall at the front of the stage in a theater through which the audience sees the action in the [[world of the play]]. In an [[arena theater]], or ''[[arena theater|theater-in-the-round]]'', all four walls are in effect "fourth walls." One also speaks of a fourth wall in [[fictional realm]]s, in [[literature]], [[cinema|movies]], [[television]], [[radio]], [[comic book]]s, and other forms of entertainment. |
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---- |
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''See also: [[Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive unanswered|current]], [[Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive unanswered 2002|2002]], [[Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive unanswered 2003|2003]], [[Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive unanswered 2004|2004]]'' |
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---- |
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== Preservation == |
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The term signifies the [[suspension of disbelief]] by the audience, who are looking in on the action through the invisible wall. The audience thus pretends that the characters in the story are real "living" beings in their own world, and not merely actors performing on a stage or studio set, or written words on the pages of a book. In order for the fourth wall to remain intact, the actors must also, in effect, pretend that the audience does not exist, by staying in character at all times and by not addressing the audience members directly. Most such productions rely on the fourth wall. |
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I am always interested on knowing whether examples of a particular aircraft have been preserved. Two of interest, because my father made me models of them, are the Handley Page Hampden and the Vickers Wellington. |
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The term ''breaking the fourth wall'' is used in film, theater, television, and literary works; it refers to a character directly addressing an audience. |
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Keith Lucas |
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{{msg:spoiler}} |
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==Sonic== |
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Examples of breaking the fourth wall include: |
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I have Sonic Advance 2 for Gameboy Advance. When I beat the level "XX", the game credits pop up and at the end it says collect all of the Chaos Emeralds. I don't know where to find a chaos emerald and when I inquire on different pages they say to look in the "special stage". I don't know how to get to the special stage. I don't even know if my game has one or if the page was talking about a different version of Sonic. [[User:64.136.27.227|64.136.27.227]] |
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==Theater== |
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*In [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'', Shakespeare, via his character [[Puck (Shakespeare)|Puck]], addresses the audience, asking for forgiveness if the story was offensive. |
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*[[Bertolt Brecht]]'s alienation, or ''Verfremdungseffekt'' which was intended to constantly remind the audience that they were watching a show, with the idea that their response would be more thoughtful. |
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*[[Thornton Wilder]]'s stage play ''[[Our Town]]'' includes the character of the Stage Manager, who stands at the side of the stage and addresses the audience directly. The other characters in the play cannot see or acknowledge the narrator's existence. The play is presented on a bare stage with rudimentary props, such as a balcony scene played on a stepladder. |
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*In [[Luigi Pirandello]]'s ''Six Characters in Search of an Author'', the fourth wall is not even there to be broken down. Some actors are getting ready for rehearsal when six characters whose author has died, leaving them incomplete, enter the room. The director decides to include the characters in the play they are rehearsing and soon all the lines between [[fiction]] and [[reality]] have disappeared. |
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*In [[pantomime]], characters frequently address remarks to the audience, and sometimes encourage the audience to become directly involved in the unfolding of the story. |
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== biodiesel oil == |
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==Radio and Television== |
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*The Pirandello play was [[parody|parodied]] in a ''[[Goon Show]]'' episode entitled "Six Charlies in Search of an Author", in which the characters seize the typewriter from one another to write in miraculous escapes, suddenly acquiring weapons and the like. All of the ''Goon Show'' plots alternated between honoring the fourth wall and breaking it. |
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*The ''[[Jack Benny|Jack Benny Show]]'' on radio and television often broke the fourth wall, as did ''[[Ernie Kovacs|The Ernie Kovacs Show]]'', ''[[Burns and Allen]]'', ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus|Monty Python]]'', the ''[[Monkees]]'', ''[[Moonlighting]]'', and ''[[It's Garry Shandling's Show]]''. |
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I am a college student which making some research on biodiesel oil, for earning my bachelor degree at Chemical Engineering. I have already suceeded making some, but I have some difficulties about methods for exact measuring the contents of my product or by-product. I wonder if there's somebody who is willing to help me by providing any information for : |
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==Literature== |
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- method to analyze and determine amount of glycerine in WVO (Waste vegetable oil) or in any oil/fat which being use as raw material for making biodiesel oil |
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*In [[J. M. Barrie]]'s ''[[Peter Pan]]'', Peter Pan encourages the good little children who believe in fairies -- in particular, the people reading the story right there and then -- to help make [[Tinkerbell]] better, after she drinks Peter's glass of poisoned milk. The scene is derived from [[audience participation]] in the original stage version, which has roots in pantomime. |
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- method to analyze and determine amount of methyl acetate (product). |
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* In the [[web comic]] ''[[Bob and George]]'' the author appears regularly as one of the main characters. |
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- amount of glycerine needed to make best quality biodiesel oil. |
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I am very thankful for any help on providing any information for me. Thank you very much. If you don't mind, please send the information towards my e-mail address at [email protected]. thank you |
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== |
==Rainham == |
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*One of the first [[movie]]s to tell a fictional story, ''[[The Great Train Robbery (movie)|The Great Train Robbery]]'' ([[1903]]), ends with a famous shot of a cowboy firing a gun directly at the audience. Legend says that during initial screenings of the film, this scene panicked many members of the studio audience. |
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*In many [[animated cartoon]]s, the cartoon characters will suddenly start talking directly to the audience, or encountering a break or tear in the film that the cartoon is being projected upon, or many other ways to remind the audience that they are watching an animated cartoon. Animation director [[Tex Avery]] was a pioneer of breaking the fourth wall, and his cartoons often stated, "In a cartoon, you can do anything!" |
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*[[Chuck Jones]]'s [[Daffy Duck]] cartoon, ''[[Duck Amuck]]'' is an elaborate and frantic deconstruction of the fourth wall. |
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* In ''[[Tom Jones (movie)|Tom Jones]]'', various characters break off in the middle of a scene to look into the camera and address the audience. |
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* In ''[[Medium Cool]]'', a gas grenade goes off very close to the camera, and a shout is heard: "Look out, Haskell, it's real!". This is a reference to the film's director/camerman, [[Haskell Wexler]]. In the film's last shot, the camera pans and zooms in - on Wexler, pointing ''his'' camera at the camera. |
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* In ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'', [[James Bond]] (played by [[George Lazenby]]) defeats several bad guys in the teaser who are attacking his future wife. The girl then runs off. Lazenby says "This never happened to the other fellow," referencing former James Bond actor [[Sean Connery]]. This is the only time in the Bond series this happens. |
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* In ''[[Ferris Bueller's Day Off]]'', Ferris guides the audience throughout the movie. |
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My Great Grandfather was a black smith in Rainham from about 1875. He was in a street called back street. Any chance of photos of that area? |
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==Interactive Entertainment== |
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Bernie Fynn |
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* Many [[virtual reality]] or [[motion simulator]] rides, such as the former [[Thunder Road]] at [[Dollywood]], break down the fourth wall. Thunder Road had the audience playing the role of a federal agent engaged in a car chase with a cunning moonshiner in the hills of [[Kentucky]]. |
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New Zealand |
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== Pnyx == |
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[moved from the village pump]: |
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Hello, |
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I read your article about the Pnyx with is really detailed but I'm searching for ancient maps of athene within the pnyx. Where can I get any? |
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Please mail to [email protected] |
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thankfull Iscander |
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==Methane Digesters== |
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(moved from the village pump) |
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Once carbon dioxide is extracted from the methane digester via lime water, what is the methos(s) for extraction the carbon dioxide from the lime water? |
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== Max Schmeling == |
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Looking for contact details for former World Heavy Weight |
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Champion Max Schmeling. |
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Can you help? |
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Ernst F. Kriesner |
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==Chief Triangular== |
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Can anyone give me a non-SCA example of the "chief triangular" in heraldry? --[[User:Daniel C. Boyer|Daniel C. Boyer]] 19:47, 10 Jan 2004 (UTC) |
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== The Theme Song from The Late Late Show with Gay Bryne == |
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Can someone please tell me the name of the theme song for the Late Late Show with Gay Bryne? |
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==Liquid crystal sheet== |
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Hi there, |
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Please can you help me to find where to buy a liquid crystal "sheet" |
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I am in South Africa if it helps |
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Regards |
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Ian Woolridge |
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== rice field price == |
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hi I want to know how much cost every meter rice field in Ramsar (in Toman)? |
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my e-mail address is : |
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==anthony== |
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I am researching Colonel Anthony Van Egmond.Specifically his life prior to his involvement in the 1837 Rebellion in Upper Canada. His place of birth, family, religion, schools, military service, years in Pennesylvania, trek to Upper Canada and association with the Huron Tract grant are of particular interest. |
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([[User:Mary P Smith|Mary P Smith]], moved from [[Anthony Van Egmond]] by [[User:Dysprosia|Dysprosia]]) |
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== Obtaining Michael Kamen/Metallica concert sheet music == |
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What is the process/procedure for obtaining sheet music that was used for a single event but may not have been release to the general public? |
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Specifically: |
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The sheet music Michael Kamen wrote for the 1998 concert with Metallica.== stomach banding |
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== |
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I have a friend that about 25 years ago had a ring put around the lower part of her stomach to aid her in losing weight as she was very overweight. Now, many years later she is having so many health problems as now she can only drink and if she eats solid foods it will not pass and she is losing a lot of weight and also is throwing up every day. Do you have any information that might aid her as I thought at one time you had people on that had problems from this procedure. A doctor told her the ring is closing and she will have to have 99% of her stomach removed. Can you help her? She is on disability and medicare! Any information would be so greatly appreciated. |
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Thank you. |
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Mari Howard |
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:Note: For these kind of questions the answer should almost always be [[Wikipedia:medical disclaimer]] IMO. --[[User:Robert Merkel|Robert Merkel]] 03:13, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC) |
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== Enquiry == |
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Is there any Overseas Branch of African Development Bank at 1 Canada Square, Canary Wharf London E14 |
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Thank you |
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Saibal Chatterjee |
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<dl><dd>'''Sounds fishy to me. According to [http://www.canarywharf.com/mainFrm1.asp?strSelectedSubmenu=WhosHere&strSelectedArea=Estate this site] there is no such occupier. If you wish to check, the switchboard number is 020 7418 2000. If you are calling from outside the UK you will need to add the appropriate international dialing code.''' |
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'''You may have received one of the notorious so called '419 scams'. Further information is available [http://home.rica.net/alphae/419coal/ here.]''' |
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'''Would someone be kind enough to email this to the email address provided as I cant do it myself. Im not quite sure on the protocol of moving unaswered questions either, so if what I've provided qualifies as an answer I'd be most grateful if the necessary could be done :) '''</dd></dl> |
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12/03/04 15:30 UTC |
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==Merged British and Irish parliaments== |
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On what date did the combined British and Irish parliaments first meet after the [[1801 Act of Union]]? Was an election called in Ireland or did the members of the Irish House simply relocate to Westminster? [[User:Mintguy|Mintguy]] [[User talk: Mintguy|(T)]] 20:30, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC) |
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==Roland Koning== |
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(from [[user:137.186.203.169]]) - The Nederlands painter Roland Koning gave me a set of twelve reproductions of his paintings titled " Herstel Van De Havens Rotterdam" published in the year 1967. They are nicely mounted in their original booklet published by |
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Opgedragen Aan |
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Officieren, Onderofficieren, Korporaals en Manchappen |
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Van Den Munen Oprium Dienst Der Koninkluke Marine |
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He was a very famous Dutch Painter. The Queen of the Nederlands published a retrospective of his paintings and bestowed a national honor to him. |
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I am at the state in life when I am trying to part with peices of endearment and the memories of these particular items is enough. Roland Koning was my neighbor in Waasenaar. |
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I would appreciate your informing me of who I might contact to find the value of these reproductions and where I could dispose of them. |
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Gordon Davis |
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210- Patterson Blvd SW |
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Calgary, Alta T3h 3J6 |
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Ph 403-246-5615 |
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== Buddhist symbolisms == |
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I wonder if anyone can tell me |
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the significance of the toucan |
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as sybolism, as well as the baby |
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Buddha, rear-end raised in the |
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air wearing glasses. |
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Thank you for your help. |
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Sincerely, |
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Eleanor Mason |
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You may contact me at |
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== dari and Farsi == |
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''Moved from [[Wikipedia talk:Village Pump]]'' |
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HI, i just came new into this site accidently and i found it very interesting...the reason why i came into this site accidently because i was searching for the difference between dari and farsi. I am an afghan and i have been having argument with my friend who call themselves persians(Iranis) I told them that we are not persian because persian means farsi we dont speak farsi but a different dialect called Dari. The differnce may not be alot as was said in this site by someone, but they are different languages doesn't matter how close or simlar they r, they are different, lets say by .5%, that gives the 2 countries different languages, The iranis cant say they speak dari and the afghans they cant say they speak fari. |
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Now the real question which has been bothering me is this which i hope the administrater of this room will answer me. Can afghans call themselves Persians ( farsi) even though they speak dari???????? |
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I am new to this site and i dont know where or how to read the reply of my message here, i would like anyone who has an idea or the administrater of this room who knows more to e-mail me their answer at [email protected] |
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that would be greatly appreciated |
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== Quote about civilization as ants on a leaf by Nietzsche? == |
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I remember reading a passage about a tower of ants on a leaf that was swirling downstream towards (?). This image was suppossed to be a metaphor for "civilization." |
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I'm pretty sure it was a quote from Nietzsche, but in my searches of the web and "The Portable Nietzsche" I've come up empty. |
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Can someone please help me find this quote? Thanks in advance. |
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-- Nick Gall ([email protected]) |
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<dl><dd>'''Hello there!''' |
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'''Sorry for the long delay in replying. The metaphor you mentioned piqued my interest and so to try and find an answer I did a whole range of searches in google. These found lots of quotes by Nietzsche, some quotes about ants, but none appeared to cover both bases. I even got up from my desk to search in a concise book of quotations, but that didn't throw anything up either.''' |
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'''So a couple of days later I was continuing my read through Crime and Punishment when I came across a footnote in the chapter where Raskolnikov and Dunya are going on about the influence of God. The allegory of an antheap is mentioned, alongside which:''' |
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'''"[[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] had already used the image of the 'antheap' - derived from [[Gotthold Lessing]] and [[Voltaire]], and also from the writings of the French novelist Charles Naudier - to describe mass society in ''Winter Notes on Summer Impressions'' and ''Notes from Underground''."''' |
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'''So it may be that you are after another authour? I hope this proves useful...''' |
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'''Would someone be kind enough to email this to Mr Gall at the email address he provided as I cant do it myself. Im not quite sure on the protocol of moving unaswered questions either, so if what I've provided qualifies as an answer I'd be most grateful if the necessary could be done :) ''' |
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12/03/04 15:30 UTC</dd></dl> |
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== William Grantham - Tracing Ancestry as a Mountie == |
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Hi Everyone and thank you for giving me a great opportunity to contact you. |
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My name is Mark Grantham and I live in New Zealand and am currently researching my family history. |
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I am trying to track down a Great Uncle called William Grantham who was born in England and left to supposedly join the NWMP where he was killed at a young age. |
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William Grantham Born - London England 1884 - 1885. He came alone without his family. His father was a horsekeeper so he definitely had the pedigree to join the NWMP. |
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I am sorry but this is all the information that I can gather at the moment and I would really appreciate it if somebody could point me in the right direction as to who I can contact re old records etc, if indeed any still remain. |
|||
One point worth noting is that his brother Thomas was fighting in the Boer War with the Northumberland Fusiliers and he might have had ideas to join him over there. I recall that the NWMP Police fought in South Africa. |
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my email address is [email protected] |
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Kind Regards |
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Mark Grantham |
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== Michael Landon's final request == |
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Q. Michael Landon............ TV star When he was dying he had a particular sound track or music album that he had playing all the time until he actually passed away. Do you know what that music was? I would appreciate an answer please. - Gordon Screen from Australia |
Revision as of 15:27, 12 March 2004
Wikipedia:Reference Desk -- Archive
See also: current, 2002, 2003, 2004
Preservation
I am always interested on knowing whether examples of a particular aircraft have been preserved. Two of interest, because my father made me models of them, are the Handley Page Hampden and the Vickers Wellington.
Keith Lucas [email protected]
Sonic
I have Sonic Advance 2 for Gameboy Advance. When I beat the level "XX", the game credits pop up and at the end it says collect all of the Chaos Emeralds. I don't know where to find a chaos emerald and when I inquire on different pages they say to look in the "special stage". I don't know how to get to the special stage. I don't even know if my game has one or if the page was talking about a different version of Sonic. 64.136.27.227
biodiesel oil
I am a college student which making some research on biodiesel oil, for earning my bachelor degree at Chemical Engineering. I have already suceeded making some, but I have some difficulties about methods for exact measuring the contents of my product or by-product. I wonder if there's somebody who is willing to help me by providing any information for : - method to analyze and determine amount of glycerine in WVO (Waste vegetable oil) or in any oil/fat which being use as raw material for making biodiesel oil - method to analyze and determine amount of methyl acetate (product). - amount of glycerine needed to make best quality biodiesel oil. I am very thankful for any help on providing any information for me. Thank you very much. If you don't mind, please send the information towards my e-mail address at [email protected]. thank you
Rainham
My Great Grandfather was a black smith in Rainham from about 1875. He was in a street called back street. Any chance of photos of that area? Bernie Fynn New Zealand
Pnyx
[moved from the village pump]:
Hello, I read your article about the Pnyx with is really detailed but I'm searching for ancient maps of athene within the pnyx. Where can I get any?
Please mail to [email protected]
thankfull Iscander
Methane Digesters
(moved from the village pump)
Once carbon dioxide is extracted from the methane digester via lime water, what is the methos(s) for extraction the carbon dioxide from the lime water?
Max Schmeling
Looking for contact details for former World Heavy Weight Champion Max Schmeling. Can you help? Ernst F. Kriesner [email protected]
Chief Triangular
Can anyone give me a non-SCA example of the "chief triangular" in heraldry? --Daniel C. Boyer 19:47, 10 Jan 2004 (UTC)
The Theme Song from The Late Late Show with Gay Bryne
Can someone please tell me the name of the theme song for the Late Late Show with Gay Bryne?
Liquid crystal sheet
Hi there,
Please can you help me to find where to buy a liquid crystal "sheet" I am in South Africa if it helps
Regards Ian Woolridge
rice field price
hi I want to know how much cost every meter rice field in Ramsar (in Toman)? my e-mail address is : [email protected]
anthony
I am researching Colonel Anthony Van Egmond.Specifically his life prior to his involvement in the 1837 Rebellion in Upper Canada. His place of birth, family, religion, schools, military service, years in Pennesylvania, trek to Upper Canada and association with the Huron Tract grant are of particular interest. (Mary P Smith, moved from Anthony Van Egmond by Dysprosia)
Obtaining Michael Kamen/Metallica concert sheet music
What is the process/procedure for obtaining sheet music that was used for a single event but may not have been release to the general public?
Specifically: The sheet music Michael Kamen wrote for the 1998 concert with Metallica.== stomach banding
==
I have a friend that about 25 years ago had a ring put around the lower part of her stomach to aid her in losing weight as she was very overweight. Now, many years later she is having so many health problems as now she can only drink and if she eats solid foods it will not pass and she is losing a lot of weight and also is throwing up every day. Do you have any information that might aid her as I thought at one time you had people on that had problems from this procedure. A doctor told her the ring is closing and she will have to have 99% of her stomach removed. Can you help her? She is on disability and medicare! Any information would be so greatly appreciated.
Thank you.
Mari Howard
- Note: For these kind of questions the answer should almost always be Wikipedia:medical disclaimer IMO. --Robert Merkel 03:13, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Enquiry
Is there any Overseas Branch of African Development Bank at 1 Canada Square, Canary Wharf London E14
Thank you
Saibal Chatterjee
[email protected]
- Sounds fishy to me. According to this site there is no such occupier. If you wish to check, the switchboard number is 020 7418 2000. If you are calling from outside the UK you will need to add the appropriate international dialing code. You may have received one of the notorious so called '419 scams'. Further information is available here. Would someone be kind enough to email this to the email address provided as I cant do it myself. Im not quite sure on the protocol of moving unaswered questions either, so if what I've provided qualifies as an answer I'd be most grateful if the necessary could be done :)
12/03/04 15:30 UTC
Merged British and Irish parliaments
On what date did the combined British and Irish parliaments first meet after the 1801 Act of Union? Was an election called in Ireland or did the members of the Irish House simply relocate to Westminster? Mintguy (T) 20:30, 22 Feb 2004 (UTC)
Roland Koning
(from user:137.186.203.169) - The Nederlands painter Roland Koning gave me a set of twelve reproductions of his paintings titled " Herstel Van De Havens Rotterdam" published in the year 1967. They are nicely mounted in their original booklet published by
Opgedragen Aan Officieren, Onderofficieren, Korporaals en Manchappen Van Den Munen Oprium Dienst Der Koninkluke Marine
He was a very famous Dutch Painter. The Queen of the Nederlands published a retrospective of his paintings and bestowed a national honor to him.
I am at the state in life when I am trying to part with peices of endearment and the memories of these particular items is enough. Roland Koning was my neighbor in Waasenaar. I would appreciate your informing me of who I might contact to find the value of these reproductions and where I could dispose of them.
Gordon Davis 210- Patterson Blvd SW Calgary, Alta T3h 3J6 Ph 403-246-5615
Buddhist symbolisms
I wonder if anyone can tell me the significance of the toucan as sybolism, as well as the baby Buddha, rear-end raised in the air wearing glasses.
Thank you for your help.
Sincerely,
Eleanor Mason
You may contact me at
[email protected]
dari and Farsi
Moved from Wikipedia talk:Village Pump HI, i just came new into this site accidently and i found it very interesting...the reason why i came into this site accidently because i was searching for the difference between dari and farsi. I am an afghan and i have been having argument with my friend who call themselves persians(Iranis) I told them that we are not persian because persian means farsi we dont speak farsi but a different dialect called Dari. The differnce may not be alot as was said in this site by someone, but they are different languages doesn't matter how close or simlar they r, they are different, lets say by .5%, that gives the 2 countries different languages, The iranis cant say they speak dari and the afghans they cant say they speak fari.
Now the real question which has been bothering me is this which i hope the administrater of this room will answer me. Can afghans call themselves Persians ( farsi) even though they speak dari???????? I am new to this site and i dont know where or how to read the reply of my message here, i would like anyone who has an idea or the administrater of this room who knows more to e-mail me their answer at [email protected] that would be greatly appreciated
Quote about civilization as ants on a leaf by Nietzsche?
I remember reading a passage about a tower of ants on a leaf that was swirling downstream towards (?). This image was suppossed to be a metaphor for "civilization."
I'm pretty sure it was a quote from Nietzsche, but in my searches of the web and "The Portable Nietzsche" I've come up empty.
Can someone please help me find this quote? Thanks in advance.
-- Nick Gall ([email protected])
- Hello there! Sorry for the long delay in replying. The metaphor you mentioned piqued my interest and so to try and find an answer I did a whole range of searches in google. These found lots of quotes by Nietzsche, some quotes about ants, but none appeared to cover both bases. I even got up from my desk to search in a concise book of quotations, but that didn't throw anything up either. So a couple of days later I was continuing my read through Crime and Punishment when I came across a footnote in the chapter where Raskolnikov and Dunya are going on about the influence of God. The allegory of an antheap is mentioned, alongside which: "Fyodor Dostoyevsky had already used the image of the 'antheap' - derived from Gotthold Lessing and Voltaire, and also from the writings of the French novelist Charles Naudier - to describe mass society in Winter Notes on Summer Impressions and Notes from Underground." So it may be that you are after another authour? I hope this proves useful... Would someone be kind enough to email this to Mr Gall at the email address he provided as I cant do it myself. Im not quite sure on the protocol of moving unaswered questions either, so if what I've provided qualifies as an answer I'd be most grateful if the necessary could be done :) 12/03/04 15:30 UTC
William Grantham - Tracing Ancestry as a Mountie
Hi Everyone and thank you for giving me a great opportunity to contact you.
My name is Mark Grantham and I live in New Zealand and am currently researching my family history.
I am trying to track down a Great Uncle called William Grantham who was born in England and left to supposedly join the NWMP where he was killed at a young age.
William Grantham Born - London England 1884 - 1885. He came alone without his family. His father was a horsekeeper so he definitely had the pedigree to join the NWMP.
I am sorry but this is all the information that I can gather at the moment and I would really appreciate it if somebody could point me in the right direction as to who I can contact re old records etc, if indeed any still remain.
One point worth noting is that his brother Thomas was fighting in the Boer War with the Northumberland Fusiliers and he might have had ideas to join him over there. I recall that the NWMP Police fought in South Africa.
my email address is [email protected]
Kind Regards Mark Grantham
Michael Landon's final request
Q. Michael Landon............ TV star When he was dying he had a particular sound track or music album that he had playing all the time until he actually passed away. Do you know what that music was? I would appreciate an answer please. - Gordon Screen from Australia