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John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport

2025-06-03T02:17:46Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Airport in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada}}
{{Redirect|Hamilton International Airport|other airports named Hamilton|Hamilton Airport (disambiguation){{!}}Hamilton Airport}}
{{For|the previous military use of this facility|RCAF Station Hamilton}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport
| nativename =
| image = John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport Logo.png
| image-width = 250
| image2 = YHM_entrance_in_May_2019.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| caption =
| IATA = YHM
| ICAO = CYHM
| WMO = 71263
| type = Public
| owner = City of Hamilton<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/ |title=Our History |access-date=2018-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155037/http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/ |archive-date=2018-06-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| operator = TradePort International Corporation
| city-served = [[Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area|Greater Toronto and Hamilton]]
| location = [[Mount Hope, Ontario|Mount Hope]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| opened = {{start date and age|1940||}}
| hub = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Cargojet]]
| [[UPS Airlines]]}}
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc = [[UTC−05:00]]
| summer = EDT
| utcs = [[UTC−04:00]]
| elevation-f = 780
| coordinates = {{coord|43|10|25|N|079|56|06|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|www.flyhamilton.ca}}
| pushpin_map = Canada Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ontario
| pushpin_label = '''YHM'''/CYHM
| r1-number = 06/24
| r1-length-f = 6,010
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number = 12/30
| r2-length-f = 10,006
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = 2023
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data = 36,419
| stat2-header = Number of passengers
| stat2-data = 820,011
| footnotes = Sources: [[Canada Flight Supplement]]<ref name="CFS">{{CFS}}</ref> [[Environment Canada]]<ref>[http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/metstat1_e.html Synoptic/Metstat Station Information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627233755/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/metstat1_e.html |date=2013-06-27 }}</ref> Movements from [[Statistics Canada]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft movements, by class of operation, airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly| date=February 29, 2024 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=2310029601|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=March 1, 2024}}</ref> Passengers from Hamilton International Airport<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton International Releases its 2023 Year in Review |url=https://flyhamilton.ca/hamilton-international-releases-its-2023-year-in-review/|website=flyhamilton.ca|date=9 May 2024 |access-date=May 10, 2024}}</ref>
| publictransit = {{rint|hamilton|hsr}} [[Hamilton Street Railway|HSR]] {{rbox|20||red}} {{rint|us|megabus}} [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] (from [[Toronto]])
}}

'''John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport''' {{airport codes|YHM|CYHM}}, or simply '''Hamilton Airport''', is an [[international airport]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada. The airport is part of the neighbourhood of [[Mount Hope, Hamilton, Ontario|Mount Hope]], {{convert|11|km}} southwest of Downtown Hamilton and {{convert|40|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}} southwest of [[Toronto]].<ref name="CFS"/> The airport serves the city of Hamilton and adjacent areas of [[Southern Ontario]], including the [[Greater Toronto Area]]. It is the closest [[relief airport]] for [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] capable of handling jet aircraft.{{efn|[[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport]] is closer to Pearson Airport, but cannot handle jet aircraft}} The airport is named after [[John Munro (Canadian politician)|John Carr Munro]], a longtime [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Hamilton East (federal electoral district)|Hamilton East]].

The airport opened in 1940 as '''Mount Hope Airport''', which was primarily a [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] base, the history of which is reflected at the [[Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum]] located next to the airport. The end of [[World War II]] saw the closure of the base, and its conversion to civil use attracted regional and international passenger services with connections to [[List of cities in Canada|major Canadian cities]] and seasonal destinations in the United States, the Caribbean and Mexico. Regular services to the United States declined as nearby [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]] gained popularity for cross-border travellers in the region, but Hamilton remained an important base for a number of domestic [[low-cost carrier]]s.

The airport is the third largest cargo airport (after Toronto–Pearson and [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian cargo airports by weight |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/625791/canadian-cargo-airports-by-weight/ |website=Statista |access-date=23 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and the "largest overnight express cargo airport" in Canada.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Laura Clementson |title=Cargo plane makes emergency landing in Hamilton |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-airport-emergency-landing-1.4623491 |work=CBC |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417211301/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-airport-emergency-landing-1.4623491 |archive-date=2018-04-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hamilton includes a {{convert|10006|x|200|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]] runway with centreline lighting for low-visibility operations and a smaller {{convert|6010|x|150|ft|abbr=on|0}} asphalt runway, enough to handle large cargo operations with aircraft such as the [[Boeing 747]] or [[Antonov An-124 Ruslan|Antonov An-124]].

==History==

===Early history===
[[File:Hamilton Ontario International Airport.png|thumbnail|Map of the airport]]
Hamilton's first airport was the Hamilton Municipal Airport or Civic Airport at Reid Avenue North and Dunsmure Road (site of Roxborough Park) in 1929. It began as the home to the Hamilton Aeroclub. The [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF) became a major user of the airport in the 1930s, but the airport closed in the 1950s to make way for residential development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GC2WV9H&title=historic-hamilton-hamilton-municipal-airport&guid=216c1806-b068-40f9-8a21-6f2779adb662|title=Geocaching - The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site|last=Geocaching|access-date=2017-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908112553/https://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GC2WV9H&title=historic-hamilton-hamilton-municipal-airport&guid=216c1806-b068-40f9-8a21-6f2779adb662|archive-date=2017-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1940, Mount Hope Airport was opened and became the site of [[RCAF Station Hamilton]]. During [[World War II]], the field hosted two units for the [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]]: first, {{abbr|No.|number}} 10 Elementary Flying Training School (later moved to [[Pendleton Airport|RCAF Station Pendleton]]) using the [[De Havilland Tiger Moth]] and [[Fleet Finch]], then No. 33 Air Navigation School using the [[Avro Anson]]. After the war, the airport gradually shifted towards civil use, until the military ceased using it as a base for Air Reserve operations in 1964.

From 1969 to 1985, [[Nordair]] offered jet service from Hamilton to Montreal, Grand Bahama Island and Windsor.<ref name="passenger flights">{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Arnold |url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/6261216-air-canada-to-launch-hamilton-montreal-service-in-may/ |title=Air Canada to launch Hamilton-Montreal service in May |date=2016-02-04 |newspaper=Hamilton Spectator |access-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122160815/http://www.thespec.com/news-story/6261216-air-canada-to-launch-hamilton-montreal-service-in-may/ |archive-date=2016-11-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[City Express]] flew to Montreal and Ottawa for three months in 1985. Tempus Air offered same route as City Express from 1986 to 1988. [[USAir]] began service to Pittsburgh in 1987. By 1988, [[Pan Am Express]] flew to New York City and [[Nationair]] flew to London, England. Pan Am Express and Nationair stopped their operations at Hamilton in the following year. Canadian Partner began service to Montreal and Ottawa in 1989.

===1990s===
Canadian Partner's service to Montreal and Ottawa ended in 1991.<ref name="passenger flights" /> In the same year, [[Pem-Air]] and [[Air Laurentian]] offered service to Ottawa but both airlines stopped the route in 1993. [[Northwest Airlink]] offered flights to Detroit from 1992 to 1993. There was no scheduled passenger service until [[Greyhound Air]] flew to Hamilton in 1996 before the company folded in 1997.

In 1996, Hamilton-Wentworth signed a contract with a private company to manage and operate it for 40 years.<ref name="thestar.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2018/06/25/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-secondary-airports-in-canada.html|title=Growth of low-cost airlines giving boost to secondary airports in Canada - The Star|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=25 June 2018|access-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629195935/https://www.thestar.com/business/2018/06/25/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-secondary-airports-in-canada.html|archive-date=2018-06-29|url-status=live}}</ref> The consortium consisted of WestPark Developments, Vancouver Airport Authority and TradePort International Corporation Ltd., a subsidiary of Vantage Airport Group, which manages 10 airports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/|title=Our History - Hamilton International Airport|website=flyhamilton.ca|access-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155037/http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/|archive-date=2018-06-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2000-2010===
In 2000, [[WestJet]] expanded to Canada's eastern region, choosing Hamilton as the airline's eastern region [[airline hub|hub]],<ref name="passenger flights" /> and flying to destinations from [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] to [[British Columbia]]. [[Continental Airlines]] also offered service to [[Cleveland]] in 2000 but stopped in the same year. In April 2004, seeking to compete with Air Canada for business travellers, WestJet moved its eastern hub from Hamilton to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]]. While Hamilton retained flights to many destinations, services to [[Montreal]] and [[Ottawa]] were ended. In the wake of the WestJet pullout, [[CanJet]] began service to Hamilton in 2003. Then in the spring of 2005, two weeks after [[Air Canada Jazz]] announced it would enter the local market with service from Hamilton to Montreal and Ottawa, CanJet announced a complete withdrawal from Hamilton. Citing high fuel prices, Air Canada Jazz withdrew its services from Hamilton airport to Montreal and Ottawa by 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jang |first1=Brent |title=Fuel prices force Jazz to pull out of Hamilton |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/fuel-prices-force-jazz-to-pull-out-of-hamilton/article17987813/ |publisher=The Globe and Mail |access-date=23 August 2021 |date=19 June 2008}}</ref> From 2007 to 2009, [[Flyglobespan]] offered seasonal service to the United Kingdom, including [[Liverpool]], [[Manchester]] and [[Doncaster]]. In 2010, WestJet cut two-thirds of its flights out of Hamilton. The only remaining service by WestJet was one daily service to [[Calgary]].<ref name="passenger flights" /> In 2015, [[Air Canada Rouge]] planned to begin daily service to Calgary by June 2015 but the launch was delayed and ultimately cancelled.

In 2007, YVR Airport Services (now [[Vantage Airport Group]]), which runs the [[Vancouver International Airport]], took over 100 per cent ownership of TradePort International in a $13-million deal. In late 2007, Trade Port Co. and Citi Corp. bought land from the city of Hamilton to expand runway 06/24 to {{convert|9000|ft|abbr=on|0}}. This was expected to happen sometime between 2015 and 2019.<ref name="MP">[http://www.flyhi.ca/wp-content/uploads/amp_update.pdf Hamilton International 2004 Airport Master Plan Update] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716021851/http://www.flyhi.ca/wp-content/uploads/amp_update.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}</ref>

===2010-present===
Hamilton saw growth as Air Canada resumed daily flights to Montreal in 2016 via [[Air Canada Express]] and WestJet adding service to [[Edmonton]], [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] and [[Winnipeg]].

In 2017, Hamilton experienced an 80 per cent increase in passengers, to 600,000, which was still well below its capacity of 3 million per year. In 2018, ultra-low-cost carriers including [[Swoop (airline)|Swoop]], [[Flair Airlines]], [[Canada Jetlines]] chose Hamilton as a hub for service to the [[Greater Toronto Area|Greater Toronto]] region. Flair Airlines later shifted operations to Toronto-Pearson in mid-2018 and Air Canada Express again ended its service to Montreal in early-2019. From March to September 2019, [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] operated flights to [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], bringing transatlantic service to Hamilton for the first time in over a decade,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Norwegian flights |title=Flights to Dublin from Hamilton |url=https://www.norwegian.com/en-ca/booking/flights/farecalendar/?D_City=YHM&A_City=DUB&D_Day=01&D_Month=201903&R_Day=01&R_Month=201903&AgreementCodeFK=-1&CurrencyCode=CAD&mode=ab |website=Norwegian |access-date=2018-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621144251/https://www.norwegian.com/en-ca/booking/flights/farecalendar/?D_City=YHM&A_City=DUB&D_Day=01&D_Month=201903&R_Day=01&R_Month=201903&AgreementCodeFK=-1&CurrencyCode=CAD&mode=ab |archive-date=2018-06-21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="thestar.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vantageairportgroup.com/news/news/norwegian-air-selects-hamilton-international-for-first-canadian-transatlantic-service/|title=Norwegian Air Selects Hamilton International for First Canadian Transatlantic Service - Vantage|access-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155531/http://www.vantageairportgroup.com/news/news/norwegian-air-selects-hamilton-international-for-first-canadian-transatlantic-service/|archive-date=2018-06-29|url-status=live}}</ref> but ceased operations citing [[Boeing 737 MAX groundings]].<ref name="Norwegian">{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5761331/norwegian-airlines-end-flights-hamilton/|title=Norwegian Airlines to end flights between Hamilton and Europe in September|publisher=Global News|date=August 13, 2019|access-date=September 8, 2019}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario]], Hamilton airport saw 60% reduction in passenger services over the year 2020 while peak levels of cargo operations were maintained.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rankin |first1=Christine |title=Hamilton International Airport operating at Christmas-peak levels of cargo throughout pandemic |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/john-c-munro-hamilton-international-airport-cargo-passengers-1.5764863 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=23 August 2021 |date=19 October 2020}}</ref> The airport was a key entry point for imported medical supplies into the country, including Canada's first shipment of the [[Tozinameran|Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine]] which landed on December 14, 2020 from [[Cologne]], Germany by [[UPS Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tsekouras |first1=Phil |title=Ontario administers first doses of COVID-19 vaccine in Toronto |url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/ontario-administers-first-doses-of-covid-19-vaccine-in-toronto-1.5230004 |publisher=CTV News |access-date=23 August 2021 |language=en |date=14 December 2020}}</ref>

In January 2023, Icelandic airline [[Play (airline)|Play]] announced plans to bring flights between Hamilton and [[Reykjavík]] in June 2023,<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/play-launches-in-canada-offering-low-cos-tickets-to-europe-820690645.html|title=Play launches in Canada offering low-cost tickets to Europe|work=Play|publisher=[[Cision]]|date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> re-introducing service to Europe. However, the airline ended this route on April 23, 2025.<ref name="Aeroroutes Play Reduction">{{cite web |title=PLAY NS25 Discontinues Routes Summary – 05JAN25 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/250106-ogns25cxld |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref>

==Secondary airport for Toronto==
Since the 1970s, [[Greater Toronto Airports Authority]] (GTAA) and the [[Government of Canada]] planned [[Pickering Airport Lands|a second international airport]] for Toronto in [[Pickering, Ontario]], to act as an official relief airport for [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto-Pearson]]. Supporters of the plan argued that Hamilton is too far from Toronto to be a reliever, while the opposers pointed out that relief airports for [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]] ([[Rhode Island T. F. Green International Airport]] and [[Manchester–Boston Regional Airport]]), for example, are farther from [[Downtown Boston]] than Hamilton Airport is from [[Downtown Toronto]]. In October 2017, the Pickering City Council supported the development of an airport in Pickering during its joint-bid with the rest of Greater Toronto to host [[Amazon HQ2]]. However, a GTAA report in December 2017 suggested that an airport in Pickering was not necessary at the moment and that Pearson can meet demand until 2037.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/8032428-potential-airport-is-pickering-s-newsmaker-of-2017/|title=Potential airport is Pickering's newsmaker of 2017|first=Kristen|last=Calis|date=4 January 2018|access-date=29 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629183027/https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/8032428-potential-airport-is-pickering-s-newsmaker-of-2017/|archive-date=29 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hamilton charges 30 to 50 per cent lower fees to airlines than Pearson and its compact size makes travel quicker for passengers and allows aircraft to spend less time on the ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-canada-s-biggest-secondary-airports-1.3987378|title=Growth of low-cost airlines giving boost to Canada's biggest secondary airports|first=Ross|last=Marowits|work=Toronto |date=25 June 2018|access-date=29 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211211/https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-canada-s-biggest-secondary-airports-1.3987378|archive-date=29 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===

{{Airport-dest-list
| [[Porter Airlines]]| [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]] (begins June 11, 2025),<ref name="PorterYHM">{{cite web|url= https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250204793744/en/Porter-Airlines-Landing-in-Hamilton-With-Four-Routes |title= Porter Airlines Landing in Hamilton With Four Routes |publisher=Business Wire|date=February 4, 2025|accessdate=February 4, 2025}}</ref> [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton]] (begins June 11, 2025),<ref name="PorterYHM" /> [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport|Halifax]] (begins June 3, 2025),<ref name="PorterYHM" /> [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]] (begins June 3, 2025)<ref name="PorterYHM" />

| [[WestJet]]{{cn|date=January 2025}} | [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]] (begins December 19, 2025), [[Cancun International Airport|Cancun]] (begins December 21, 2025)

}}
[[Air Canada]] operates a shuttle bus service for their passengers between Hamilton International Airport and [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://landline.com/aircanada/ | title=Landline }}</ref>

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle=Refs

| [[Amazon Air]] | [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]] | <ref>{{cite web |title=Network |url=http://cargojet.com/network/ |website=Cargojet |access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Cargojet]]}} | [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Rickenbacker International Airport|Columbus–Rickenbacker]], [[East Midlands Airport|East Midlands]], [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton]], [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport|Halifax]], [[José Martí International Airport|Havana]], [[Iqaluit Airport|Iqaluit]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]], [[Greater Moncton International Airport|Moncton]], [[Montréal–Mirabel International Airport|Montréal–Mirabel]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport|Ottawa]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]], [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|Winnipeg]] | <ref>{{cite web |title=Network |url=http://cargojet.com/network/ |website=Cargojet |access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Castle Aviation]]}} | [[Akron–Canton Airport|Akron/Canton]], [[DuPage Airport|Chicago–DuPage]], [[Cleveland Hopkins International Airport|Cleveland]], [[Indianapolis International Airport|Indianapolis]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

| {{nowrap|[[Central Mountain Air]]}} | [[Kingston/Norman Rogers Airport|Kingston (ON)]], [[Sudbury Airport|Sudbury]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

| {{nowrap|[[DHL Aviation]]}} | [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport|Anchorage]], [[O’Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

| [[UPS Airlines]] | [[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport|Louisville]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

}}

==Statistics==
===Passenger===
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=YHM}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:right"
|+ Annual passenger traffic<ref>{{cite web |last1=Passenger Traffic |title=Facts & Figures YHM |url=http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/news-media/facts-figures/ |website=flyhamilton.ca |language=en |access-date=2018-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901025119/http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/news-media/facts-figures/ |archive-date=2017-09-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hamilton International celebrates three years of unprecedented growth |date=23 January 2020 |url=https://flyhamilton.ca/hamilton-international-celebrates-three-years-of-unprecedented-growth |access-date=January 24, 2020 }}</ref>
! Year
! Passengers
! % change
|-
|2010||387,831|| {{steady}}
|-
|2011||332,659|| {{decrease}} -14.2%
|-
|2012||351,491|| {{increase}} 5.6%
|-
|2013|| 341,740|| {{decrease}} -2.8%
|-
|2014||332,378|| {{decrease}} -2.7%
|-
|2015||312,839|| {{decrease}} -5.9%
|-
|2016||333,368|| {{increase}} 6.7%
|-
|2017||599,146|| {{increase}} 80%
|-
|2018||725,630|| {{increase}} 21%
|-
|2019||955,373|| {{increase}} 32%
|-
|2020||329,193|| {{decrease}} -66%
|-
|2021||250,019|| {{decrease}} -24%
|-
|2022||645,789|| {{increase}} 158%
|-
|2023||820,011|| {{increase}} 27%
|-
|}
Hamilton has experienced significant volatility in its passenger traffic numbers. The airport met its peak at 1,041,204 passengers in 2003, when it was a hub for [[WestJet]] for a year before moving operations to Toronto-Pearson.<ref>{{cite web |title=WestJet shifts operations to Toronto from Hamilton |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/westjet-shifts-operations-to-toronto-from-hamilton-1.474709 |website=cbc.ca/news |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 }}</ref> Between 2016 and 2019, passenger numbers again increased close to a million passengers as more low-cost carriers began service at the airport. Passenger numbers sharply declined in 2020 after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Craggs, Samantha |title=Hamilton airport getting closer to long-promised goal of 1M passengers |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-airport-getting-closer-to-long-promised-goal-of-1m-passengers-1.4988026 |website=cbc.ca/news |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 }}</ref>

===Cargo===
[[File:Cargotonnage.png|thumb|Annual cargo tonnage in metric tonnes.<ref name="www150.statcan.gc.ca"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=John C. Munro International Airport |title=Hamilton International celebrates three years of unprecedented growth |url=https://flyhamilton.ca/hamilton-international-celebrates-three-years-of-unprecedented-growth/ |website=flyhamilton.ca |date=23 January 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-02-05 }}</ref>]]

With about 25% of the annual cargo tonnage of Canada's busiest cargo airport Toronto-Pearson, Hamilton is a major Canadian cargo airport. It has consistently ranked as the third or fourth busiest cargo airport in Canada over the last decade behind only Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver and, since 2017, Montréal–Trudeau. With around 70% of Hamilton's cargo tonnage being domestic cargo it has consistently ranked as the third busiest domestic cargo airport in Canada behind Vancouver and Toronto.<ref name="www150.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web |last1=Statistics Canada |title=Air Cargo Traffic at Canadian Airports, Annual |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=2310025401 |website=statscan.ca |date=20 September 2013 |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 }}</ref> [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[DHL]], [[Purolator Inc.|Purolator]], and [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] operate major shipping centres within or next to the airport.

==Access==

The airport is located near [[Ontario Highway 6|Highway 6]], which provides access to Hamilton International Airport via [[Ontario Highway 403|Highway 403]].

The [[Hamilton Street Railway]] (HSR) operates bus route 20 A-Line Express, a limited-stop service, from the airport to [[Hamilton GO Centre]] and [[West Harbour GO Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Schedules & Detours - City of Hamilton|url = https://www.hamilton.ca/home-neighbourhood/hsr/schedule-route-tools/schedules-detours|website = www.hamilton.ca|date = January 17, 2024|access-date = 2024-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = 20 A Line Express schedule|url = https://www.hamilton.ca/sites/default/files/2023-08/20-A-LINE-fall2023.pdf|website = www.hamilton.ca|date = September 3, 2023|access-date = 2024-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223150100/https://www.hamilton.ca/sites/default/files/2023-08/20-A-LINE-fall2023.pdf|archive-date=2024-02-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] began daily express service between the airport and [[Toronto]] in 2019,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/airport-bus-1.5058189|title=New bus will connect Hamilton's airport to Toronto|date=Mar 15, 2019|work=CBC News|access-date=Apr 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323204306/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/airport-bus-1.5058189|archive-date=March 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> as of 2024 serving one trip a day from the [[Union Station Bus Terminal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ca.megabus.com/|title=Megabus trip planner|access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> King Shuttle provides pre-booked service from the airport to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], [[Union Station (Toronto)|Toronto Union Station]], other destinations in [[Greater Toronto Area]], and [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chch.com/new-daily-shuttle-bus-runs-hamilton-airport-toronto/|title=New daily shuttle service runs from Hamilton airport to Toronto|last=Sandra says|website=CHCH|date=9 May 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323204940/https://www.chch.com/new-daily-shuttle-bus-runs-hamilton-airport-toronto/|archive-date=2019-03-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hamiltonairportshuttle.ca/|title=Hamilton Airport Shuttle Bus|access-date=2024-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119120349/https://hamiltonairportshuttle.ca/|archive-date=2024-01-19|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Aviation institutions ==

The aviation programs of [[Mohawk College]] have shared facilities at the airport with [[KF Aerospace]]. As of 2017, the learning facilities include an electricity lab, a hangar, airport apron and two classrooms. Near North Aviation (NNA) is a [[Flight training|flight school]] based at [[Parry Sound Area Municipal Airport]] with a base at the Jetport facilities in Hamilton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flygha.com/|title=Golden Horseshoe Aviation|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330010839/http://flygha.com/|archive-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category inline}}
* {{Official website|https://flyhamilton.ca/}}
* [http://archive.copanational.org/PlacesToFly/airport_view.php?pr_id=1&ap_id=238 Canadian Owners & Pilots Association's Airport Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405214425/http://archive.copanational.org/PlacesToFly/airport_view.php?pr_id=1&ap_id=238 |date=2012-04-05 }}
{{Can-arpt-wx|CYHM|Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport}}

{{Portalbar|Aviation}}
{{Airports in Ontario}}
{{List of airports in Canada}}
{{Hamilton}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Certified airports in Ontario]]
[[Category:Airports of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]]
[[Category:Transport buildings and structures in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1940]]

Promise David

2025-05-27T12:48:54Z

Hcoder3104: Updated short description

{{short description|Canadian footballer (born 2001)}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Promise David
| full_name = Promise Oluwatobi Emmanuel David Akinpelu<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maltafootball.com/2022/05/10/promise-puts-valletta-in-izibet-fa-trophy-final/|title=Promise puts Valletta in Izibet FA Trophy final - maltafootball.com|date=May 10, 2022}}</ref>
| image = Go Ahead Eagles - Royale Union Saint-Gillloise - 53852967055 (Promise David).jpg
| caption = David in 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|7|3|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Brampton]], Ontario, Canada
| height = 1.95 m
| position = [[Striker (association football)|Striker]]
| currentclub = [[Royale Union Saint-Gilloise|Union SG]]
| clubnumber = 12
| youthyears1 = 2012–2016
| youthclubs1 = [[Toronto FC Academy|Toronto FC]]
| youthyears2 = 2016–2019
| youthclubs2 = [[Vaughan Azzurri]]
| youthyears3 = 2019–2021
| youthclubs3 = [[NK Trnje|Trnje]]
| youthyears4 = 2021–2022
| youthclubs4 = [[FC Tulsa]]
| years1 = 2022
| clubs1 = [[Valletta F.C.|Valletta]]
| caps1 = 9
| goals1 = 2
| years2 = 2022–2023
| clubs2 = [[Sirens F.C.|Sirens]]
| caps2 = 7
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2023
| clubs3 = [[Nõmme Kalju FC U21]]
| caps3 = 19
| goals3 = 22
| years4 = 2023–2024
| clubs4 = [[Nõmme Kalju FC|Nõmme Kalju]]
| caps4 = 39
| goals4 = 21
| years5 = 2024–
| clubs5 = [[Royale Union Saint-Gilloise|Union SG]]
| caps5 = 34
| goals5 = 19
| nationalyears1 = 2022
| nationalteam1 = [[Nigeria national under-23 football team|Nigeria U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 2
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update = 19:17, 25 May 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 04:32, 30 July 2024 (UTC)
}}

'''Promise Oluwatobi Emmanuel David Akinpelu''' (born 3 July 2001), known as '''Promise David''', is a professional footballer who plays as a [[Striker (association football)|striker]] for [[Belgian Pro League]] club [[Royale Union Saint-Gilloise|Union SG]]. Born in Canada, he was a youth international for Nigeria before committing to play for Canada on February 21, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nightingale |first=Tom |date=2025-02-21 |title=Promise David officially files switch from Nigeria to Canada, will be called up by CanMNT |url=https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2025/02/21/promise-david-officially-files-switch-from-nigeria-to-canada-will-be-called-up-by-canmnt/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=Canadian Soccer Daily |language=en}}</ref>

==Club career==
David began playing football with the youth academy of [[Toronto FC Academy]], before moving to his local club [[Vaughan Azzurri]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soccernet.ng/2024/07/union-sg-aim-for-a-repeat-victor-boniface-operation-with-promise-akinpelu-david-transfer.html|title=Union SG aim for a repeat Victor Boniface operation with Promise Akinpelu David transfer - Soccernet NG|first=Imhons|last=Erons|date=July 1, 2024}}</ref> In 2019, he was scouted by the Croatian club [[NK Trnje|Trnje]] and joined their youth academy. On 18 September 2021, he signed an academy contract with the American club [[FC Tulsa|Tulsa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ckdmedia.ng/post/the-promising-star-promise-akinpelu|title=The Promising Star: Promise Akinpelu|first=Oluwayemisi Afolabi|last=Adeyanju|date=September 18, 2021|website=CKDmedia}}</ref>

===Valletta and Sirens===
In January 2022, David joined the Maltese club [[Valletta F.C.|Valletta]] on a short-term contract.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ckdmedia.ng/post/fc-valletta-proposes-two-years-extension-contract-for-promise-akinpelu|title=FC Valletta Proposes Two Years Extension Of Contract For Promise David|first=Oluwayemisi Afolabi|last=Adeyanju|date=April 1, 2022|website=CKDmedia}}</ref> He scored the goal that got Valletta to the [[2021–22 Maltese FA Trophy]] final, where they finished runners-up.<ref name="auto" /> On 20 June 2022, he transferred to [[Sirens F.C.|Sirens]], also in Malta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/canadian-forward-david-promise-moves-sirens-two-year-deal.963062|title=Canadian forward David Promise moves to Sirens on a two-year deal|date=June 20, 2022|website=Times of Malta}}</ref>

===Nõmme Kalju===
[[File:Promise David Nõmme Kalju.png|left|thumb|267x267px|Promise David made his breakthrough in professional football with Estonian club [[Nõmme Kalju FC]]]]
On 13 February 2023, David moved to Estonia with [[Nõmme Kalju FC|Nõmme Kalju]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.err.ee/1608884078/nomme-kalju-solmis-kolmeaastase-lepingu-noore-kanada-rundajaga|title=Nõmme Kalju sõlmis kolmeaastase lepingu noore Kanada ründajaga|date=February 13, 2023|website=ERR}}</ref> He initially played for the club's reserve team in the Estonian third tier before establishing himself in the first team and scoring seven goals in his inaugural [[Meistriliiga|Premium Liiga]] season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Ben |date=28 April 2025 |title=From the Estonian top flight to the Belgian Pro League: Canada’s Promise David’s unlikely route to firing Union St Gilloise towards a first title since 1935 |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/from-the-estonian-top-flight-to-the-belgian-pro-league-canadas-promise-davids-unlikely-route-to-firing-union-st-gilloise-towards-a-first-title-since-1935-41038659 |access-date= |website=OneFootball |language=}}</ref> David credited Kalju's training demands and plyometric exercises as crucial elements in his turnaround.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kloke |first=Joshua |date=22 February 2025 |title=Promise David makes his pledge to Canada, continuing his rapid ascent |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6152079/2025/02/21/promise-david-canada-nigeria-marsch/ |access-date= |work=The New York Times |language= |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalvet |first=Madis |date=27 April 2024 |title=Kohv paneb kasvu kinni ja uni teeb pikemaks ehk Kuidas sirgus kaks aastat armuaega saanud Promise David Eesti kaitsjate hirmuks |trans-title=Coffee stunts growth and sleep makes you taller – how Promise David, who was given two years, became the fear of Estonian defenders |url=https://sport.delfi.ee/artikkel/120288113/kohv-paneb-kasvu-kinni-ja-uni-teeb-pikemaks-ehk-kuidas-sirgus-kaks-aastat-armuaega-saanud-promise-david-eesti-kaitsjate-hirmuks |access-date= |website=Delfi Sport |language=et}}</ref> In the following [[2024 Meistriliiga|2024 league season]] with Kalju, he scored 14 goals and provided three assists in 16 matches.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rusg.brussels/nl/nieuws/canadese-spits-promise-david-komt-bij-union|title=Canadese spits Promise David komt bij Union|website=RUSG}}</ref>

===Union SG===
In July 2024, David signed with [[Royale Union Saint-Gilloise|Union SG]] of the [[Belgian First Division A]], on a three-year contract with an option of a further year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soccernet.ng/2024/07/confirmed-canada-born-striker-of-nigerian-origin-joins-union-saint-gilloise.html|title=Confirmed: Canada-born striker of Nigerian origin joins Union Saint-Gilloise - Soccernet NG|first=Imhons|last=Erons|date=July 2, 2024}}</ref> He debuted with them as a substitute during the [[2024 Belgian Super Cup]] on 20 July, where the club would be eventual 2–1 victors over [[Club Brugge KV|Club Brugge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.err.ee/1609402426/promise-david-jai-debuutmangus-kuivale-aga-voitis-belgias-esimese-tiitli|title=Promise David jäi debüütmängus kuivale, aga võitis Belgias esimese tiitli|date=July 21, 2024|website=ERR}}</ref> David scored his first goal for his new club on 10 August in a 4–3 away defeat against [[K.V.C. Westerlo|Westerlo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/703692/union-st-gilloise-kvc-westerlo |title=KVC Westerlo 4–3 Union St.-Gilloise |publisher=ESPN |date=10 August 2024}}</ref> He concluded the [[2024–25 Belgian Pro League|2024–25 season]] with 19 goals, including a brace in a 3–1 victory over [[K.A.A. Gent|Gent]] on the final matchday of the champions' play-offs, securing his club's first league title in 90 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://getfootballnewsbene.com/promise-david-delivers-union-st-gilloise-their-first-title-since-1935/ |title=Promise David delivers Union St Gilloise their first title since 1935 |publisher=Get Belgian & Dutch Football News |date=25 May 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tsn.ca/soccer/canadian-promise-david-scores-twice-as-union-saint-gilloise-secures-belgian-championship-1.2311989 |title=Canadian David scores twice as Union Saint-Gilloise secures Belgian Championship |publisher=TSN |date=25 May 2025 }}</ref>

==International career==
David was born in Canada to Nigerian parents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriafootball.ng/in-form-striker-promise-david-relishes-flourishing-start-at-sirens-fc-opens-up-on-national-team-choices-abroad/|title=In-Form Striker Promise David Relishes Flourishing Start at Sirens FC, Opens Up on National Team Choices – Abroad|date=July 24, 2022}}</ref> In October 2022, he was called up to the [[Nigeria national under-23 football team|Nigeria U23]]s for a set of [[2023 U-23 Africa Cup of Nations]] qualification matches against the [[Tanzania national football team|Tanzania U23]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eaglestrackerng.com/blogs/transfer-news/18-players-make-dream-team-squad-for-tanzania|title=18 players make Nigeria Dream Team ahead of Tanzania|date=October 20, 2022|website=EaglesTracker}}</ref> He debuted with the Nigeria U23s, a 1–1 tie in the first leg with Tanzania U23 on October 22, 2022.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user= thenff|number= 1583847631708487680|title=Olympic Eagles player David Promise and Coach Salisu Yusuf’s reaction after 1-1 draw against Tanzania U23 in Dar es Salaam}}</ref> In January 2025, after inquiries from the [[Nigeria Football Federation|Nigerian Football Federation]], David stated that he was focused on playing for his country of birth, [[Canada men's national soccer team|Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=staff |first=Canadian Soccer Daily |date=2025-01-28 |title=Promise David has chosen to play for Canada over Nigeria: report |url=https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2025/01/28/promise-david-has-chosen-to-play-for-canada-over-nigeria-report/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=Canadian Soccer Daily |language=en}}</ref>

On February 21, 2025, David's request to switch allegiance to Canada was approved by [[FIFA]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2025/02/21/promise-david-officially-files-switch-from-nigeria-to-canada-will-be-called-up-by-canmnt/|title=Promise David officially files switch from Nigeria to Canada, will be called up by CanMNT|first=Tom|last=Nightingale|date=February 21, 2025|work=Canadian Soccer Daily}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|match played 25 May 2025}}<ref>{{soccerway|promise-akinpelu/700476}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Maltese FA Trophy]], [[Estonian Cup]], [[Belgian Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Valletta F.C.|Valletta]]
|[[2021–22 Maltese Premier League|2021–22]]
|[[Maltese Premier League]]
|9||2||5||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||14||4
|-
|[[Sirens F.C.|Sirens]]
|[[2022–23 Maltese Premier League|2022–23]]
|Maltese Premier League
|7||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7||0
|-
|[[Nõmme Kalju FC U21|Nõmme Kalju U21]]
|[[2023 Esiliiga B|2023]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jalgpall.ee/voistlused/player/58187|title=Promise David profile|work=[[Estonian Football Association]]|language=Estonian}}</ref>
|[[Esiliiga B]]
|19||22||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||19||22
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Nõmme Kalju FC|Nõmme Kalju]]
|[[2023 Meistriliiga|2023]]
|[[Meistriliiga]]
|23||7||3||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||26||13
|-
|[[2024 Meistriliiga|2024]]
|Meistriliiga
|16||14||2||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||18||17
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!39!!21!!5!!9!!colspan="2"|—!!colspan="2"|—!!44!!30
|-
|[[Royale Union Saint-Gilloise|Union SG]]
|[[2024–25 Royale Union Saint-Gilloise season|2024–25]]
|[[Belgian Pro League]]
|34||19||3||4||3{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Champions League]], two appearances and one goal in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||1||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Belgian Super Cup]]}}||0||41||24
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!108!!64!!13!!15!!3!!1!!1!!0!!125!!80
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
;Union Saint-Gilloise
*[[Belgian Pro League]]: [[2024–25 Belgian Pro League|2024–25]]
*[[Belgian Super Cup]]: [[2024 Belgian Super Cup|2024]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Soccerway|promise-akinpelu/700476}}

{{Royale Union Saint-Gilloise squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:David, Promise}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Soccer players from Brampton]]
[[Category:Nigerian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Nigeria men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Canadian men's soccer players]]
[[Category:Canadian sportspeople of Nigerian descent]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Maltese Premier League players]]
[[Category:Meistriliiga players]]
[[Category:Belgian Pro League players]]
[[Category:Valletta F.C. players]]
[[Category:Sirens F.C. players]]
[[Category:Nõmme Kalju FC players]]
[[Category:Royale Union Saint-Gilloise players]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate men's soccer players]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Malta]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Malta]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Malta]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Estonia]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Estonia]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Estonia]]
[[Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian sportsmen]]
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian sportsmen]]

2025 UEFA Europa League final

2025-05-27T12:11:06Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 2025 UEFA Europa League final
| image = File:2025 UEFA Europa League final programme.png
| image_size = frameless
| caption = Match programme cover
| event = [[2024–25 UEFA Europa League]]
| team1 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| team1association = {{fbaicon|ENG|size=30px}}
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
| team2association = {{fbaicon|ENG|size=30px}}
| team2score = 0
| details =
| date = {{Start date|2025|5|21|df=y}}
| stadium = [[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés]]
| city = [[Bilbao]]
| man_of_the_match1a = [[Cristian Romero (Argentine footballer) |Cristian Romero]] {{nowrap|(Tottenham Hotspur)}}<ref name="MOTM">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0299-1dd00d190bc3-26c6905820e3-1000/ |title=Cristian Romero named official 2025 UEFA Europa League final Player of the Match |website=UEFA.com|publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref>
| referee = [[Felix Zwayer]] ([[German Football Association|Germany]])<ref name="officials">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0299-1dbd3134c0ae-d632a42a13d0-1000/ |title=Referee teams for 2025 UEFA club competition finals announced |website=UEFA.com |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=12 May 2025 |access-date=12 May 2025}}</ref>
| attendance = 49,224<ref name="report 21 May"/>
| weather = Partly cloudy night {{convert|14|°C|°F}} 78% [[humidity]]<ref name="lineups">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/uefacup/2025/2044465_LU.pdf |title=Tactical Lineups – Final – Wednesday 21 May 2025 |website=UEFA.com|publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref>
| previous = [[2024 UEFA Europa League final|2024]]
| next = ''[[2026 UEFA Europa League final|2026]]''
}}

The '''2025 UEFA Europa League final''' was the final match of the [[2024–25 UEFA Europa League]], the 54th season of Europe's secondary club [[association football|football]] tournament organised by [[UEFA]], and the 16th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the [[UEFA Europa League]]. This game was the first final since the change of format as no Champions League teams had dropped into the competition. The match was played at [[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés]] in [[Bilbao]], Spain, on 21 May 2025, between English clubs [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] and [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref name="ExCo">{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/026b-12c542441355-1c2040c5e54b-1000/ |title=Venues appointed for club competition finals |website=UEFA.com |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0283-1874e7570089-f2d5555be979-1000/20230707_circular_2023_36_en.zip |title=UEFA club competitions cycle 2024–27 ("Post 2024") |number=36/2023 |magazine=UEFA Circular Letter |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=7 July 2023 |access-date=10 July 2023}}</ref> It was the eleventh tournament final to feature two teams from the same association and the third all-English final.

Tottenham Hotspur won the match 1–0 for their third UEFA Cup/Europa League title, their first European trophy since [[1984 UEFA Cup final|1984]] and a first trophy since winning the [[2008 Football League Cup final]].<ref name="summary">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0299-1dcffd82d4a0-c280ee5f9c62-1000/ |title=Tottenham 1–0 Manchester United: Spurs win 2025 Europa League |website=UEFA.com|publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref> In doing so, Spurs drew level with Liverpool as the competition's most successful English club and joint-second-most successful overall (along with [[Inter Milan]], [[Juventus FC]] and [[Atlético Madrid]]). As winners, they earned a league phase spot in the [[2025–26 UEFA Champions League]] and the right to play against the winners of the [[2024–25 UEFA Champions League]] in the [[2025 UEFA Super Cup]].

==Background==
Tottenham Hotspur reached their fourth UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League final, the first time since the competition was rebranded in 2009. This was the sixth time they appeared in the final of a UEFA competition, having played in one [[UEFA Champions League]] final (losing in [[2019 UEFA Champions League final|2019]]), one [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup|Cup Winners' Cup]] final (winning in [[1963 European Cup Winners' Cup final|1963]] to become the first British team to win a European trophy), and three [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] finals (winning the inaugural competition in [[1972 UEFA Cup final|1972]] and then in [[1984 UEFA Cup final|1984]], and losing in [[1974 UEFA Cup final|1974]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=It was 50 years ago today – our historic win in Europe... |url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/it-was-50-years-ago-today-our-historic-win-in-europe-150513/ |website=TottenhamHotspur.com |publisher=Tottenham Hotspur |date=15 May 2013 |access-date=4 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812100631/http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/it-was-50-years-ago-today-our-historic-win-in-europe-150513/ |archive-date=12 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/teams/club=1652/profile/history/index.html |title=Tottenham |website=UEFA.com|publisher=Union of European Football Associations |access-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307112328/https://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/teams/club=1652/profile/history/index.html |archive-date=7 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tottenham was searching for their first win in a final since winning the [[2008 Football League Cup final]], since then they had lost three League Cup finals; in [[2009 Football League Cup final|2009]], [[2015 Football League Cup final|2015]], and [[2021 EFL Cup final|2021]], as well as the 2019 Champions League final.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tribuna.com/en/blogs/spurs-have-lost-5-of-their-6-finals-so-far-today-they-face-m/|title=Spurs have lost 5 of their 6 finals so far – today, they face Man Utd in Europa League|website=Tribuna.com|access-date=24 May 2025|date=21 May 2025|first=Meghna|last=Sharan}}</ref>

Manchester United reached their thirteenth final in UEFA competitions, having won the European Cup/Champions League on three occasions ([[1968 European Cup final|1968]]—the first English team to win the title, [[1999 UEFA Champions League final|1999]], and [[2008 UEFA Champions League final|2008]]) and lost twice ([[2009 UEFA Champions League final|2009]] and [[2011 UEFA Champions League final|2011]]). They have also won one Cup Winners' Cup final ([[1991 European Cup Winners' Cup final|1991]]), played in two UEFA Europa League finals (winning in [[2017 UEFA Europa League final|2017]] and losing in [[2021 UEFA Europa League final|2021]]), and contested four [[UEFA Super Cup]]s (winning in [[1991 European Super Cup|1991]] and losing in [[1999 UEFA Super Cup|1999]], [[2008 UEFA Super Cup|2008]] and [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]]).

This was the third all-English final in the history of the competition, after 1972 between Tottenham and [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] and [[2019 UEFA Europa League final|2019]] between [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] and [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], and the sixth all-English final in UEFA's three main competitions, with three all-English UEFA Champions League finals; both Manchester United (against [[Chelsea F.C.–Tottenham Hotspur F.C. rivalry|Tottenham's rivals]] Chelsea in 2008) and Tottenham (against [[Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry|United's arch-rivals]] [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]) having appeared in one of those 'derby' finals. The other all-English major European final happened in [[2021 UEFA Champions League final|2021]], when [[Manchester derby|United's cross-city rivals]] [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] lost their first Champions League final to Chelsea. The [[2019 UEFA Super Cup]] also featured two English clubs, Chelsea and Liverpool, making it seven European title-deciding matches between English sides. Prior to the final, Tottenham had played nine games against fellow English sides in Europe, with the most recent being the 2019 Champions League final. They won and lost four matches each, with the only draw happened in the first leg of the 1972 UEFA Cup final. Furthermore, they had won every European two-legged tie against English sides. This was also the case for United until their most recent tie in 2016, when they were knocked out by Liverpool in the [[2015–16 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Round of 16|UEFA Europa League round of 16]]. Before the final, their European record against English sides were six wins, three draws, and two losses.

Due to [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|coefficient rankings]], this all-English final also confirmed that there would be an unprecedented six teams from the [[2024–25 Premier League]] qualifying for the [[2025–26 UEFA Champions League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Why the Premier League will have six teams in Champions League next season as Manchester United and Tottenham qualify for Europa League final|url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/football/champions-league/2024-2025/premier-league-six-spots-manchester-united-tottenham-europa-league-final_sto23180780/story.shtml |first=Chris |last=Byfield|work=[[TNT Sports (United Kingdom)|TNT Sports]] |date=9 May 2025|accessdate=22 May 2025}}</ref>

The sides had met 204 times previously, with United winning 95 matches and Tottenham 57. They had met in two title-deciding matches, the [[1967 FA Charity Shield]] and the aforementioned 2009 Football League Cup final, both of which ended in draws; however, United won the latter against the holders on [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalties]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Phil |last=McNulty|author-link=Phil McNulty|title=Man Utd 0–0 Tottenham (aet) |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7905889.stm |work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=1 March 2009 |access-date=10 May 2025 }}</ref> In Europe, they were paired in 1963—the first ever tie between two English clubs in Europe—in which [[1963 FA Cup final|FA Cup holders]] United eliminated Tottenham, who were the [[1963 European Cup Winners' Cup final|tournament defending champions]], in the [[1963–64 European Cup Winners' Cup#Second round|second round of the Cup Winners' Cup]].<ref name="11v11">{{cite web |title=Manchester United football club: record v Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.11v11.com/teams/manchester-united/tab/opposingTeams/opposition/Tottenham%20Hotspur/ |website=11v11.com |publisher=Association of Football Statisticians|access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

The two clubs met twice during the 2024–25 Premier League season, with Tottenham winning both matches, 3–0 at [[Old Trafford]] and 1–0 at [[Tottenham Hotspur Stadium]]. Tottenham also beat United 4–3 in the [[2024–25 EFL Cup]] quarter-finals, the first time United lost three times against Tottenham in the same season. In the build-up to the final, media attention focused on both clubs' poor league form throughout the season; before the final match, both United and Tottenham were placed only above the team-confirmed relegation zone and mathematically certain to finish in the bottom half of the Premier League. As a result, whichever club lost the final would not play in any European competition during the 2025–26 season, with the winners' season being 'saved' by reaching the lucrative Champions League despite their poor domestic campaign.<ref>{{cite web |title=Man Utd and Tottenham set up 'titanic battle to salvage season' |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cjdzkzd4p8yo |website=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |date=8 May 2025|access-date=10 May 2025}}</ref>

In this season, the two clubs (England's only entrants) had finished in the top eight in the competition's league phase, involving a new format with a single table of 36 teams each playing eight opponents once; consequently they progressed to the round of 16 and were seeded, with the knockout ties using the familiar two-leg system. Manchester United's victory over [[Olympique Lyonnais]] in the quarter-finals, in which they scored three times in the last few minutes of extra-time to turn a 4–2 deficit into a 5–4 win, was described in the media as one of the greatest comebacks in the history of European football.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c3dkn53yr4lo Greatest European comebacks as Man Utd beat Lyon], Adam Millington / Bobbie Jackson, ''BBC Sport'', 18 April 2025</ref> In the semi-finals United defeated the 'host' club for the final, [[Athletic Bilbao]],<ref>[https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0299-1da7c9cd65aa-639e758ec305-1000--athletic-club-0-3-manchester-united-brilliant-bruno-fernan/ Athletic Club 0-3 Manchester United: Brilliant Bruno Fernandes inspires emphatic first-leg win], UEFA.com, 1 May 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/athletic-bilbao/20250502/1002455585/final-quimera-athletic.html La final es casi una quimera para el Athletic] [The final is almost a pipe dream for Athletic], Carlos Zaballa, [[Mundo Deportivo]], 2 May 2025 (in Spanish)</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2025/5/8/man-utd-beat-athletic-club-to-set-up-europa-league-final-with-tottenham Man Utd beat Athletic Club to set up Europa League final with Tottenham], Kevin Hand, [[Al Jazeera]], 8 May 2025</ref> while Tottenham eliminated the tournament's surprise package, [[FK Bodø/Glimt|Bodø/Glimt]] of Norway,<ref>[https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/733645 Tottenham get upper hand with 1st leg win over Bodo/Glimt], Reuters / [[ESPN]], 1 May 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cgkgv85g37yt Bodø / Glimt 0-2 Tottenham Hotspur], Nick Mashiter, ''BBC Sport'', 8 May 2025</ref> each winning both the home and away legs.

===Previous finals===
''In the following table, the finals until 2009 were in the UEFA Cup era and since 2010 were in the UEFA Europa League era.''

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"|Team
!scope="col"|Previous final appearances (bold indicates winners)
|-
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
|3 ('''[[1972 UEFA Cup final|1972]]''', [[1974 UEFA Cup final|1974]], '''[[1984 UEFA Cup final|1984]]''')
|-
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|2 ('''[[2017 UEFA Europa League final|2017]]''', [[2021 UEFA Europa League final|2021]])
|}

==Venue==
[[File:San Mames Barria eta Bilboko ikuspegia.jpg|thumb|[[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés Stadium]] in [[Bilbao]], venue for the match]]

===Host selection===
On 16 July 2021, the UEFA Executive Committee announced that due to the loss of hosting rights for [[UEFA Euro 2020]], [[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés Stadium]] in Bilbao was given hosting rights for the 2025 final and the [[2024 UEFA Women's Champions League final]]. This was part of a settlement agreement by UEFA to recognise the efforts and financial investment made to host UEFA Euro 2020.<ref name="ExCo"/>

==Route to the final==
{{Further|2024–25 UEFA Europa League}}

''Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"
|-
!colspan="4"|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
!Round
!colspan="4"|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|- style="background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|colspan="3"|Result
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase|League phase]]
|Opponent
|colspan="3"|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|AZE}} [[Qarabağ FK|Qarabağ]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Tottenham Hotspur v Qarabağ|3–0]] (H)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 1
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|NED}} [[FC Twente|Twente]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Manchester United v Twente|1–1]] (H)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|HUN}} [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencváros]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Ferencváros v Tottenham Hotspur|2–1]] (A)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 2
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|POR}} [[FC Porto|Porto]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Porto v Manchester United|3–3]] (A)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|NED}} [[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Tottenham Hotspur v AZ|1–0]] (H)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 3
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|TUR}} [[Fenerbahçe S.K. (football)|Fenerbahçe]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Fenerbahçe v Manchester United|1–1]] (A)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|TUR}} [[Galatasaray S.K. (football)|Galatasaray]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Galatasaray v Tottenham Hotspur|2–3]] (A)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 4
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|GRE}} [[PAOK FC|PAOK]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Manchester United v PAOK|2–0]] (H)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|ITA}} [[AS Roma|Roma]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Tottenham Hotspur v Roma|2–2]] (H)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 5
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|NOR}} [[FK Bodø/Glimt|Bodø/Glimt]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Manchester United v Bodø/Glimt|3–2]] (H)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|SCO}} [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Rangers v Tottenham Hotspur|1–1]] (A)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 6
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|CZE}} [[FC Viktoria Plzeň|Viktoria Plzeň]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Viktoria Plzeň v Manchester United|2–1]] (A)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|GER}} [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|TSG Hoffenheim]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#TSG Hoffenheim v Tottenham Hotspur|3–2]] (A)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 7
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|SCO}} [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Manchester United v Rangers|2–1]] (H)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|SWE}} [[IF Elfsborg]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#Tottenham Hotspur v IF Elfsborg|3–0]] (H)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Matchday 8
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|ROU}} [[FCSB]]
|colspan="3"|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League league phase#FCSB v Manchester United|2–0]] (A)
|-
|colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"|'''4th place''' ''Advanced to round of 16''
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Final position
|colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top"|'''3rd place''' ''Advanced to round of 16''
|- style="background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Agg.
|1st leg
|2nd leg
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase|Knockout phase]]
|Opponent
|Agg.
|1st leg
|2nd leg
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|NED}} [[AZ Alkmaar|AZ]]
|3–2
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#AZ v Tottenham Hotspur|0–1]] (A)
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Tottenham Hotspur v AZ|3–1]] (H)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Round of 16
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|ESP}} [[Real Sociedad]]
|5–2
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Real Sociedad v Manchester United|1–1]] (A)
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Manchester United v Real Sociedad|4–1]] (H)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|GER}} [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]
|2–1
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Tottenham Hotspur v Eintracht Frankfurt|1–1]] (H)
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Eintracht Frankfurt v Tottenham Hotspur|1–0]] (A)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Quarter-finals
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|FRA}} [[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]
|7–6
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Lyon v Manchester United|2–2]] (A)
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Manchester United v Lyon|5–4]] {{aet}} (H)
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|NOR}} [[FK Bodø/Glimt|Bodø/Glimt]]
|5–1
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Tottenham Hotspur v Bodø/Glimt|3–1]] (H)
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Bodø/Glimt v Tottenham Hotspur|2–0]] (A)
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Semi-finals
|style="text-align:left"|{{fbaicon|ESP}} [[Athletic Bilbao]]
|7–1
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Athletic Bilbao v Manchester United|3–0]] (A)
|[[2024–25 UEFA Europa League knockout phase#Manchester United v Athletic Bilbao|4–1]] (H)
|}

==Match==

===Summary===
In the 42nd minute Tottenham Hotspur went in front when [[Pape Matar Sarr]] crossed from the left which [[Brennan Johnson]] got a touch from close range before the ball went into the left corner of the net, the final touch appearing to come off [[Luke Shaw]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2025/may/21/tottenham-hotspur-v-manchester-united-europa-league-final-live-score-updates|title= Spurs 1 Man Utd 0: Live|date=21 May 2020|work=Guardian|accessdate=22 May 2025}}</ref> In the second half [[Micky van de Ven]] acrobatically cleared off the line after a header from [[Rasmus Højlund]] with Tottenham goalkeeper [[Guglielmo Vicario]] also saving down low to his left from a shot by susbstitute [[Alejandro Garnacho]] and a header from Luke Shaw. After seven minutes of added time Tottenham held onto the 1–0 lead to win a first trophy in 17 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/spurs-vs-man-utd/report/528776|title= Tottenham 1-0 Man Utd: Brennan Johnson's goal fires Spurs to first trophy in 17 years with Europa League final win|date=21 May 2020|work=Sky Sports|accessdate=22 May 2025}}</ref>

===Details===
The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was predetermined as the winner of semi-final 1 (Tottenham Hotspur).

<onlyinclude>{{Football box
|date = {{Start date|2025|5|21|df=y}}
|time = {{CEST|21:00}}
|team1 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] {{fbaicon|ENG}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|goals1 =
*[[Brennan Johnson|Johnson]] {{goal|42}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés]], [[Bilbao]]
|attendance = 49,224<ref name="report 21 May">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/uefacup/2025/2044465_FR.pdf |title=Full Time Report Final – Tottenham Hotspur v Manchester United |website=UEFA.com|publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref>
|referee = [[Felix Zwayer]] ([[German Football Association|Germany]])
|report = https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2044465/
}}</onlyinclude>

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{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="40%"|
{| style="font-size:90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Guglielmo Vicario]]
|-
|RB ||'''23'''||{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pedro Porro]]
|-
|CB ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Cristian Romero (Argentine footballer)|Cristian Romero]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|CB ||'''37'''||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Micky van de Ven]] || {{yel|49}}
|-
|LB ||'''13'''||{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Destiny Udogie]] || || {{suboff|90}}
|-
|CM ||'''29'''||{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Pape Matar Sarr]] || || {{suboff|90}}
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|MLI}} [[Yves Bissouma]] || {{yel|68}}
|-
|CM ||'''30'''||{{flagicon|URU}} [[Rodrigo Bentancur]]
|-
|RF ||'''22'''||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Brennan Johnson]] || || {{suboff|78}}
|-
|CF ||'''19'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Dominic Solanke]]
|-
|LF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Richarlison]] || {{yel|58}} || {{suboff|67}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''40'''||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Brandon Austin]]
|-
|GK ||'''41'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Alfie Whiteman]]
|-
|DF ||'''4''' ||{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Kevin Danso]] || || {{subon|78}}
|-
|DF ||'''24'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Djed Spence]] || || {{subon|90}}
|-
|DF ||'''33'''||{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)|Ben Davies]]
|-
|MF ||'''14'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Archie Gray]] || || {{subon|90}}
|-
|MF ||'''47'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mikey Moore]]
|-
|FW ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Son Heung-min]] || || {{subon|67}}
|-
|FW ||'''11'''||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mathys Tel]]
|-
|FW ||'''28'''||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Wilson Odobert]]
|-
|FW ||'''44'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Dane Scarlett]]
|-
|FW ||'''63'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Damola Ajayi]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=3|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ange Postecoglou]]
|}
|valign="top"|[[File:Tottenham Hotspur vs Manchester United 2025-05-21.svg|300px]]
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size:90%; margin:auto" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK ||'''24'''||{{flagicon|CMR}} [[André Onana]]
|-
|CB ||'''15'''||{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Leny Yoro]]
|-
|CB ||'''5''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harry Maguire]] || {{yel|88}}
|-
|CB ||'''23'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Luke Shaw]]
|-
|RM ||'''3''' ||{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Noussair Mazraoui]] || || {{suboff|85}}
|-
|CM ||'''18'''||{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Casemiro]]
|-
|CM ||'''8''' ||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Bruno Fernandes]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|LM ||'''13'''||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Patrick Dorgu]] || || {{suboff|90}}
|-
|RF ||'''16'''||{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Amad Diallo]] || {{yel|35}}
|-
|CF ||'''9''' ||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Rasmus Højlund]] || || {{suboff|71}}
|-
|LF ||'''7''' ||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mason Mount]] || || {{suboff|71}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Substitutes:'''
|-
|GK ||'''1''' ||{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Altay Bayındır]]
|-
|DF ||'''2''' ||{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Victor Lindelöf]]
|-
|DF ||'''20'''||{{flagicon|POR}} [[Diogo Dalot]] || || {{subon|85}}
|-
|DF ||'''26'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ayden Heaven]]
|-
|DF ||'''35'''||{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Jonny Evans]] || {{yel|90+2}}
|-
|DF ||'''41'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harry Amass]]
|-
|MF ||'''14'''||{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Christian Eriksen]]
|-
|MF ||'''25'''||{{flagicon|URU}} [[Manuel Ugarte (footballer)|Manuel Ugarte]]
|-
|MF ||'''37'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kobbie Mainoo]] || || {{subon|90}}
|-
|MF ||'''43'''||{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Toby Collyer]]
|-
|FW ||'''11'''||{{flagicon|NED}} [[Joshua Zirkzee]] || {{yel|84}} || {{subon|71}}
|-
|FW ||'''17'''||{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Alejandro Garnacho]] || || {{subon|71}}
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan=3|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Ruben Amorim]]
|}
|}

{| width=100% style="font-size:90%"
|
'''Man of the Match:'''
 [[Cristian Romero (Argentine footballer)|Cristian Romero]] (Tottenham Hotspur)<ref name="MOTM"/>

'''[[Assistant referee (association football)|Assistant referees]]:'''<ref name="officials"/>
 Robert Kempter ([[German Football Association|Germany]])
 Christian Dietz ([[German Football Association|Germany]])
 '''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Fourth official|Fourth official]]:'''<ref name="officials"/>
 Maurizio Mariani ([[Italian Football Federation|Italy]])
 '''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Reserve assistant referee|Reserve assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="officials"/>
 Daniele Bindoni ([[Italian Football Federation|Italy]])
 '''[[Video assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="officials"/>
 [[Bastian Dankert]] ([[German Football Association|Germany]])
 '''[[Video assistant referee#Assistant video assistant referee|Assistant video assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="officials"/>
 [[Benjamin Brand]] ([[German Football Association|Germany]])
 '''[[Video assistant referee#Assistant video assistant referee|Support video assistant referee]]:'''<ref name="officials"/>
 [[Carlos del Cerro Grande]] ([[Royal Spanish Football Federation|Spain]])
|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
{{Match rules
|extra time = y
|penalties = y
|named subs = 12
|additional sub ET = y
|subs allowed = 5
|sub opportunities = y
}}
|}

===Statistics===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+First half<ref name="team statistics">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/uefacup/2025/2044465_TS.pdf |title=Team statistics |website=UEFA.com|publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
!scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic
!scope="col" style="width:70px"|Tottenham Hotspur
!scope="col" style="width:70px"|Manchester United
|-
!scope=row|Goals scored
|1
|0
|-
!scope=row|Total shots
|3
|4
|-
!scope=row|Shots on target
|1
|1
|-
!scope=row|Saves
|1
|0
|-
!scope=row|Ball possession
|43%
|57%
|-
!scope=row|Corner kicks
|4
|2
|-
!scope=row|Fouls committed
|12
|4
|-
!scope=row|Offsides
|0
|1
|-
!scope=row|Yellow cards
|0
|1
|-
!scope=row|Red cards
|0
|0
|}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Second half<ref name="team statistics"/>
|-
!scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic
!scope="col" style="width:70px"|Tottenham Hotspur
!scope="col" style="width:70px"|Manchester United
|-
!scope=row|Goals scored
|0
|0
|-
!scope=row|Total shots
|0
|11
|-
!scope=row|Shots on target
|0
|3
|-
!scope=row|Saves
|3
|0
|-
!scope=row|Ball possession
|29%
|71%
|-
!scope=row|Corner kicks
|0
|3
|-
!scope=row|Fouls committed
|10
|6
|-
!scope=row|Offsides
|1
|1
|-
!scope=row|Yellow cards
|3
|3
|-
!scope=row|Red cards
|0
|0
|}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Overall<ref name="team statistics"/>
|-
!scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic
!scope="col" style="width:70px"|Tottenham Hotspur
!scope="col" style="width:70px"|Manchester United
|-
!scope=row|Goals scored
|1
|0
|-
!scope=row|Total shots
|3
|15
|-
!scope=row|Shots on target
|1
|4
|-
!scope=row|Saves
|4
|0
|-
!scope=row|Ball possession
|35%
|65%
|-
!scope=row|Corner kicks
|4
|5
|-
!scope=row|Fouls committed
|22
|10
|-
!scope=row|Offsides
|1
|2
|-
!scope=row|Yellow cards
|3
|4
|-
!scope=row|Red cards
|0
|0
|}
{{col-end}}

==Post-match==
[[File:Ange Postecoglou (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Tottenham head coach [[Ange Postecoglou]] guided his team to their first continental trophy in 41 years.]]
Tottenham won their first trophy since winning the [[2007–08 Football League Cup]], and the first European trophy since prevailing in the [[1983–84 UEFA Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cz9yney9391t|title=Tottenham 1-0 Man Utd: Brennan Johnson goal seals Europa League win for Spurs & ends 17-year wait for trophy |first=Simon |last=Stone|author-link=Simon Stone|work=BBC Sport |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=22 May 2025|date=21 May 2025}}</ref> Tottenham head coach [[Ange Postecoglou]] became the first Australian and the first manager from a non-[[CONMEBOL]] and [[UEFA]] member association country to [[List of UEFA club competition winning managers|win a European trophy]]. Having won the [[1999 OFC Club Championship]] with [[South Melbourne FC|South Melbourne]], he became the first manager to win continental club titles in Europe and outside Europe since [[Marcello Lippi]], who won the [[1995–96 UEFA Champions League]] and [[2013 AFC Champions League]]. Tottenham and South Korean national team captain [[Son Heung-min]] became the first European competition-winning captain to hail from the [[Asia–Pacific]].

This was the second time that United ended a major European final without scoring (2–0 loss to [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] in the [[2009 UEFA Champions League final]]), and for only the third time in a European title-deciding match (also 1–0 loss to [[SS Lazio|Lazio]] in the [[1999 UEFA Super Cup]]). With this defeat, United failed to qualify for the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in two consecutive seasons for the first time since 1992, and for any European competition for only the second time since 1990 (also in [[2014–15 Manchester United F.C. season|2014–15]]). This was also the first time United lost four times against Tottenham in the same season. They lost five in the past six meetings between the sides, and United's latest win against Tottenham was in October 2022 as of this final. They also had failed to defeat Tottenham outside of their home at [[Old Trafford]] since the 3–0 victory in October 2021.<ref name="11v11"/> Furthermore, United had failed to defeat or eliminate fellow English side in Europe since beating [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] 1–0 and 2–1 (3–1 on aggregate) in the [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League knockout phase#Quarter-finals|2010–11 UEFA Champions League quarter-finals]].

==See also==
*[[2025 UEFA Champions League final]]
*[[2025 UEFA Conference League final]]
*[[2025 UEFA Women's Champions League final]]
*[[2025 UEFA Super Cup]]
*[[List of football matches between British clubs in UEFA competitions]]
*[[Manchester United F.C. in international football]]
*[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in European football]]
*[[2024–25 Manchester United F.C. season]]
*[[2024–25 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/}}

{{UEFA Europa League seasons}}
{{2024–25 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. matches}}
{{Manchester United F.C. matches}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uefa Europa League Final 2025}}
[[Category:UEFA Europa League finals|2025]]
[[Category:2024–25 UEFA Europa League|Final]]
[[Category:2024–25 in English football]]
[[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. matches]]
[[Category:Manchester United F.C. matches]]
[[Category:May 2025 sports events in Spain]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Spanish football]]
[[Category:Sport in Bilbao]]
[[Category:International club association football competitions hosted by Spain]]
[[Category:Association football matches in Spain]]
[[Category:2025 in the Basque Country (autonomous community)]]
[[Category:Football in the Basque Country (autonomous community)]]

Black bear

2025-05-17T20:19:48Z

Hcoder3104:

{{wiktionary|black bear}}
'''Black bear''' or '''Blackbear''' may refer to:
{{tocright}}

==Animals==
* [[American black bear]] (''Ursus americanus''), a North American bear species
* [[Asian black bear]] (''Ursus thibetanus''), an Asian bear species

==Music==
* [[Black Bear (band)]], a Canadian First Nations group
* [[Blackbear (musician)]] (born 1990), stage name of American musician Matthew Musto
* [[Black Bear Road (album)|''Black Bear Road'' (album)]], a 1975 album by country musician C. W. McCall

==People==
* [[Black Bear (chief)]], Arapaho leader
* [[Blackbear Bosin]] (1921–1980), Comanche-Kiowa sculptor and painter
* [[Peter Blackbear]] (1899–1976), American professional football player

==Places==
* [[Black Bear Creek]], Oklahoma
* [[Black Bear Resort]], Idaho
* [[Black Bear, California]], a populated place in Siskiyou County, California
* [[Black Bear Road]], Forest Service Road 648, a jeep trail in Colorado

==Sports==
* [[Ottawa Black Bears]], a professional box lacrosse team
* [[Berkshire Black Bears]], a minor league baseball team
* [[Maine Black Bears]], the athletic teams representing the University of Maine
* [[West Virginia Black Bears]], a minor league baseball team
* [[Binghamton Black Bears]], a minor league ice hockey team

==Other uses==
*''Blackbear'' (aka ''Submission''), is an American drama film with [[Adam Minarovich]]
*[[Black Bear (film)|''Black Bear'' (film)]], an American thriller drama film

==See also==
* {{look from}}
{{disambig|geo}}
[[Category:Animal common name disambiguation pages]]

Ottawa

2025-04-28T01:38:30Z

Hcoder3104: /* Professional sports */

{{Short description|Capital city of Canada}}
{{About|the capital of Canada}}
{{Distinguish|Oshawa}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ottawa
| official_name = City of Ottawa {{native name|fr|Ville d'Ottawa}}
| settlement_type = [[Federal capital city]]
| government_type = [[List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities|Single-tier municipality]] with a [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council system]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| total_width = 280
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Parliament-Ottawa.jpg
| caption1 = [[Centre Block|Centre Block on Parliament Hill]]
| image2 = Rideau Canal at downtown Ottawa.JPG
| caption2 = [[Rideau Canal]]
| image3 = 10 Rideau Hall P1350151.jpg
| caption3 = [[Rideau Hall]]
| image4 = View of west elevation of Château Laurier Hotel, Ottawa;.jpg
| caption4 = [[Château Laurier]]
| image5 = Major's Hill Park(3).jpg
| caption5 = [[National Gallery of Canada]]
| image6 = Downtown Ottawa 2022.jpg
| caption6 = [[Downtown Ottawa]]
}}
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Ottawa, Ontario.svg
| flag_size = 120x80px
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Ottawa, Ontario.png
| shield_size = 120x90px
| image_blank_emblem = Ottawa, City of.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| blank_emblem_size = 140px
| nickname = {{hlist|[[Bytown]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/sports/article/156843 |title=A few blue and white things to be thankful for |author=Kennedy, Ryan |date=8 December 2008 |publisher=[[Metro International]] |access-date=29 April 2022 |archive-date=22 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522151801/http://www.metronews.ca/toronto/sports/article/156843 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Inc2014">{{cite encyclopedia |entry=Ottawa |title=Britannica Student Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IOKAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA8-PA155 |year=2014 |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc |isbn=978-1-62513-172-0 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611032603/https://books.google.com/books?id=6IOKAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA8-PA155 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>|"O-town"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/music/jazzblog/o-town-originals |title=O-Town Originals |author=Peter Hum |newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]] |date=9 November 2009 |access-date=4 January 2015 |archive-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104114439/http://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/music/jazzblog/o-town-originals |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| motto = "Advance-Ottawa-En Avant" Written in the [[Bilingualism in Ottawa|two official languages]].<ref name="Montague">{{cite book |url=http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf |title=Ottawa Book of Everything |author=Art Montague |publisher=MacIntyre Purcell Publishing |year=2008 |access-date=14 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426063702/http://www.bookofeverything.com/website/docs/OttawaBOE_Essentials.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| image_map = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=250|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=6|type=point|title=Ottawa|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}{{hidden end}}
| pushpin_map = Canada#North America
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|45|25|29|N|75|41|42|W|region:CA-ON_type:city(1,000,000)|name=Ottawa|notes=<ref name=cgndbott>{{Cite cgndb|FEVNT|Ottawa}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1826 as [[Bytown]]<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005">{{cite book |author1=Justin D. Edwards |author-link1=Justin D. Edwards |author2=Douglas Ivison |title=Downtown Canada: Writing Canadian Cities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35 |year=2005 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-8668-6 |page=35 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520011646/https://books.google.com/books?id=0bD75NCOS18C&pg=PA35 |archive-date=20 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date2 = 1855 as City of Ottawa<ref name="EdwardsIvison2005"/>
| established_title3 = [[Amalgamation (politics)|Amalgamated]]
| established_date3 = 1 January 2001
| leader_title = [[Mayor of Ottawa|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Mark Sutcliffe]]
| leader_title1 = [[City council]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ottawa City Council]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name=CityPop>{{cite web |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2011 censuses – 100% data |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=10 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525001350/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=301&S=3&O=D |archive-date=25 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=UAPop>{{cite web |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=802&PR=35&SR=1&S=3&O=D |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=23 September 2011 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034206/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-550/Index.cfm?TPL=P3C&Page=INDX&LANG=Eng |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=CMAPop>{{cite web |title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas, 2006 and 2011 censuses – 100% data |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=201&S=3&O=D&RPP=150 |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=23 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525001405/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=201&S=3&O=D&RPP=150 |archive-date=25 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 2790.31
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 = 2778.10
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = 520.82
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 = 6767.41
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| elevation_m = 70
| elevation_ft = 230
| population_total = 1,017,449 ([[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|4th]])
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 365
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban = 1,068,821
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,954
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_metro = 1,488,307 ([[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|4th]])
| population_density_metro_km2 = 185
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html |title=City of Ottawa – Design C |publisher=Ottawa.ca |date=20 May 2010 |access-date=26 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118093823/http://ottawa.ca/residents/public_consult/lansdowne_partnership/urban_park/proposed_designs/c_en.html |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm |title=Rapport au / Report to |publisher=Ottawa.ca |year=2011 |access-date=26 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170026/http://ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/occ/2011/08-25/fedco/01%20-%20ACS2011-OCM-CMR-0003%20-%202010%20Report%20on%20FLS%20ENG.htm |archive-date=18 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_blank1 = Ottawan
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = Postal code span
| postal_code = K0A-K4C<ref name="Montague"/>
| area_codes = [[Area codes 613, 343, and 753|613, 343, 753]]
| unemployment_rate =
| blank_name_sec2 = GDP (Ottawa–Gatineau {{Abbr|CMA|Census metropolitan area}})
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]89.9 billion (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2019&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2020&referencePeriods=20190101%2C20200101 |title=Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000) |date=6 December 2023 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=15 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184338/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2 = GDP per capita (Ottawa–Gatineau {{Abbr|CMA|Census metropolitan area}})
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Canadian dollar|CA$]]60,414 (2020)
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 =  [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Federal representation]]
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of MPs
| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
| title_style =
| list_style = text-align:left; display:none;
| 1 = [[Chandra Arya]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
| 2 = [[Mona Fortier]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
| 3 = [[Marie-France Lalonde]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
| 4 = [[David McGuinty]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
| 5 = [[Yasir Naqvi]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
| 6 = [[Pierre Poilievre]] ([[Conservative Party of Canada|CPC]])
| 7 = [[Jenna Sudds]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
| 8 = [[Anita Vandenbeld]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|LPC]])
}}
| leader_title3 = {{Nowrap|[[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|Provincial representation]]}}
| leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of MPPs
| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
| title_style =
| list_style = text-align:left; display:none;
| 1 = [[Stephen Blais]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]])
| 2 = [[Lucille Collard]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]])
| 3 = [[George Darouze]] ([[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]])
| 4 = [[John Fraser (Ontario MPP)|John Fraser]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]])
| 5 = [[Karen McCrimmon]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]])
| 6 = [[Catherine McKenney]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]])
| 7 = [[Chandra Pasma]] ([[Ontario New Democratic Party|NDP]])
| 8 = [[Tyler Watt]] ([[Ontario Liberal Party|OLP]])
}}
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = −05:00
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −04:00
| image_map1 = Map of Ontario OTTAWA.svg
}}

'''Ottawa'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=Ottawa.ogg|ˈ|ɒ|t|ə|w|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|t|ə|w|ɑː}}; {{IPA|fr|ɔtawɑ|label=Canadian French:}}}} is the [[capital city]] of [[Canada]]. It is located in the [[southern Ontario|southern]] portion of the province of [[Ontario]], at the meeting of the [[Ottawa River]] and the [[Rideau River]]. Ottawa borders [[Gatineau|Gatineau, Quebec]], and forms the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) and the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]] (NCR).<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2011 |title=National Capital Act (R. S. C., 1985, c. N-4) |url=http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/N-4.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811020955/http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/N-4.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2011 |access-date=8 July 2011 |publisher=Department of Justice |page=13 Schedule (Section 2) 'Description of National Capital Region'}}</ref> {{As of|2021|post=,}} Ottawa had a city population of 1,017,449 and a metropolitan population of 1,488,307, making it the [[list of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|fourth-largest]] city and [[list of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|fourth-largest]] metropolitan area in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053506008&SearchText=ottawa |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census Ottawa, [City Census subdivision], Ontario |access-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209152508/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053506008&SearchText=ottawa |archive-date=9 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2021census1>{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810001101 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada and population centres |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=9 February 2022 |access-date=11 February 2022 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125190326/http://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810001101 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ottawa is the political centre of Canada and the headquarters of the federal government. The city houses numerous [[List of diplomatic missions in Ottawa|foreign embassies]], key buildings, organizations, and institutions of [[Government of Canada|Canada's government]]; these include the [[Parliament of Canada]], the [[Supreme Court of Canada Building|Supreme Court]], the [[Rideau Hall|residence of Canada's viceroy]], and [[Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council|Office of the Prime Minister]].<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last1=Bosc |editor-first1=Marc |editor-last2=Gagnon |editor-first2=André |chapter=Ottawa as the Seat of Government |chapter-url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/procedure/procedure-and-practice-3/ch_06_1-e.html |title=House of Commons Procedure and Practice |year=2017 |edition=3rd |access-date=20 July 2022 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502121452/https://www.ourcommons.ca/procedure/procedure-and-practice-3/ch_06_1-e.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Founded in 1826 as [[Bytown]], and [[municipal corporation|incorporated]] as Ottawa in 1855,<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Bytown |url=https://www.runottawa.ca/a-brief-history-of-bytown |website=Run Ottawa |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502205416/https://www.runottawa.ca/a-brief-history-of-bytown |url-status=live}}</ref> its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001. The [[City of Ottawa|municipal government of Ottawa]] is established and governed by the City of Ottawa Act of the [[Government of Ontario]]. It has an elected city council across 24 wards and a mayor elected city-wide.

Ottawa has the highest proportion of university-educated residents among Canadian cities<ref name='natpost'>{{cite news |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/is-ottawa-canadas-smartest-city-capital-edges-toronto-calgary-in-university-educated-population |title=Is Ottawa Canada's smartest city? Capital edges Toronto, Calgary in university-educated population |access-date=26 June 2013 |work=National Post |agency=[[Postmedia News]] |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105223456/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and is home to several colleges and universities, research and cultural institutions, including the [[University of Ottawa]], [[Carleton University]], [[Algonquin College]], [[Collège La Cité]], the [[National Arts Centre]], the [[National Gallery of Canada]]; and [[list of museums in Ottawa|numerous national museums]], monuments, and historic sites.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ottawa's Seven National Museums |url=https://ottawatourism.ca/en/ottawa-insider/ottawa-s-seven-national-museums |website=Ottawa Tourism |publisher=Ottawa Tourism and Convention Authority, Inc |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502212124/https://ottawatourism.ca/en/ottawa-insider/ottawa-s-seven-national-museums |url-status=live}}</ref> It is one of the most visited cities in Canada, with over 11 million visitors annually.<ref name='citynews'>{{cite news |url=https://ottawa.citynews.ca/local-news/canadas-third-consecutive-record-breaking-year-in-tourism-in-2019-a-win-for-ottawa-2112684 |title=Canada's third consecutive record-breaking year in tourism in 2019 a win for Ottawa |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=City News |agency=Rogers Sports & Media |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031043455/https://ottawa.citynews.ca/local-news/canadas-third-consecutive-record-breaking-year-in-tourism-in-2019-a-win-for-ottawa-2112684 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='citizennews'>{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/the-future-of-ottawa-tourism-will-rely-on-the-citys-residents |title=Ottawa attracts more than 11 million visitors each year |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=Ottawa Citizen |agency=Post Media |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106073742/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/the-future-of-ottawa-tourism-will-rely-on-the-citys-residents |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The city name ''Ottawa'' was chosen in 1855 in reference to the [[Ottawa River]], whose name is itself derived from the [[Algonquin language|Algonquin]] {{lang|alq|adawe}}, meaning "to trade."<ref name="Rayburn2001">{{cite book |author=Alan Rayburn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aiUZMOypNB4C&pg=PA231 |title=Naming Canada: Stories About Canadian Place Names |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8020-8293-0 |page=231 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520061253/https://books.google.com/books?id=aiUZMOypNB4C&pg=PA231 |archive-date=20 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ottawa (ON) |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ottawa-ont |access-date=24 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213081108/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/ottawa-ont/ |archive-date=13 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> In modern Algonquin, the city is known as {{lang|alq|Odàwàg}}.<ref>The Algonquin Way, Dictionary, "Odàwàg" [https://thealgonquinway.ca/English/word-e.php?word=219 Link] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034213/https://thealgonquinway.ca/English/word-e.php?word=219|date=14 July 2022}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Ottawa}}

{{For timeline|Timeline of Ottawa history}}

=== Early history ===
[[File:Champlain Sea 1.png|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[Champlain Sea]]]]

The [[Ottawa Valley]] became habitable around 10,000 years ago, following the natural draining of the [[Champlain Sea]].<ref name="Miller2015">{{cite book |author=William J. Miller |title=Geology: The Science of the Earth's Crust (Illustrations) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XwWYBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37 |year=2015 |publisher=P. F. Collier & Son Company |page=37 |id=GGKEY:Y3TD08H3RAT |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510005752/https://books.google.com/books?id=XwWYBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37 |archive-date=10 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2013 |title=The Champlain Sea: here yesterday, gone tomorrow |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/wat-on-earth/news/champlain-sea-here-yesterday-gone-tomorrow |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=Wat on Earth |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034215/https://uwaterloo.ca/wat-on-earth/news/champlain-sea-here-yesterday-gone-tomorrow |url-status=live}}</ref> Archaeological findings of arrowheads, tools and pottery indicate that Indigenous populations first settled in the area about 6,500 years ago.<ref name="Pilon">{{cite web |last1=Pilon |first1=Jean-Luc |title=Ancient History of the Lower Ottawa River Valley |url=http://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/04-ch2-2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112029/http://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/04-ch2-2.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 November 2015 |website=Ottawa River Heritage Designation Committee |publisher=Ontario Archaeology – Canadian Museum of Civilization}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rideau Canal Attracts Settlers |url=https://elocalpost.com/ottawa/contents/rideau-canal-attracts-settlers-history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034214/https://elocalpost.com/ottawa/contents/rideau-canal-attracts-settlers-history |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=2 May 2021 |website=eLocal Post Ottawa |date=13 October 2016 |author1=Carlo}}</ref> These findings suggest that these [[Algonquin people]] were engaged in foraging, hunting and fishing, but also trade and travel. Three major rivers meet within Ottawa, making it an important trade and travel area for thousands of years.<ref name="Pilon" /> The Algonquins are a broad Indigenous people who are closely related to the [[Odawa]] and [[Ojibwe]] peoples.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Ottawa |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ottawa-ont |date=11 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034213/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ottawa-ont |archive-date=14 July 2022 |author=John Taylor |access-date=26 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Algonquin |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/algonquin |date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817064719/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/algonquin |archive-date=17 August 2021 |author=Meredith Jean Black |access-date=26 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> This period ended with the arrival of settlers and [[European colonization of the Americas|colonization]] of North America by Europeans during and after the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=Warfare In Pre-Columbian North America |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/popular-books/aboriginal-people-canadian-military/warfare-pre-columbian-north-america.html |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=National Defence - Government of Canada |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324062210/https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/popular-books/aboriginal-people-canadian-military/warfare-pre-columbian-north-america.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===European exploration and early development===

In 1610, [[Étienne Brûlé]] became the first documented European to navigate the [[Ottawa River]], passing what would become Ottawa on his way to the [[Great Lakes]].{{sfn|Woods|1980|p=5}} Three years later, [[Samuel de Champlain]] wrote about the waterfalls in the area and about his encounters with the Algonquin people.{{sfn|Woods|1980|p=7}}

The first non-Indigenous settlement in the area was created by [[Philemon Wright]], a [[New England]]er. Wright founded a lumber town in the area on 7 March 1800 on the north side of the river, across from the present-day city of Ottawa in [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]].{{sfn|Van de Wetering|1997|p=123}}{{sfn|Lee|2006|p=16}} He, with five other families and twenty-five [[Laborer|labourers]], also created an agricultural community, which was named [[Wright's Town, Lower Canada|Wright's Town]].{{sfn|Taylor|1986|p=11}}{{sfn|Lee|2006|p=20}} Wright pioneered the [[Ottawa River timber trade|Ottawa Valley timber trade]] (soon to be the area's most significant economic activity) by transporting timber by river from the Ottawa Valley to [[Quebec City]].{{sfn|Van de Wetering|1997|p=11}}

In 1826, news of the British military's impending construction of the Rideau Canal led to land speculators founding a community on the south side of the Ottawa River.{{sfn|Woods|1980|p=60}} The following year, the town was named after British military engineer Colonel [[John By]] who was responsible for the entire Rideau Waterway construction project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bytown |url=https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/about-hso/our-history/tag/Bytown |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=The Historical Society of Ottawa |language=en-gb |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034225/https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/about-hso/our-history/tag/Bytown |url-status=live}}</ref> The Rideau canal provided a secure route between [[Montreal]] and [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] on Lake Ontario. It bypassed a vulnerable stretch of the St. Lawrence River bordering the state of New York that had left re-supply ships bound for southwestern Ontario easily exposed to enemy fire during the [[War of 1812]].{{sfn|Legget|1986|pp=22–24}}

[[File:First camp by By.jpg|thumb|right|Camp used by soldiers and labourers of the [[Rideau Canal]], on the south side of the [[Ottawa River]] in 1826. The building of the canal attracted many land speculators to the area.]]

Colonel By set up military barracks on the site of today's [[Parliament Hill]]. He also laid out the streets of the town and created two distinct neighbourhoods named "Upper Town" west of the canal and "[[Lower Town]]" east of the canal. Similar to its [[Upper Canada]] and [[Lower Canada]] namesakes, historically, "Upper Town" was predominantly English-speaking and Protestant, whereas "Lower Town" was mostly French, Irish and Catholic.{{sfn|Taylor|1986|p=31}}

Bytown's population grew to 1,000 as the Rideau Canal was completed in 1832.<ref name="BytownMuseum">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Timeline – Know your Ottawa! |url=http://www.bytownmuseum.com/EN/timeline.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118191714/http://www.bytownmuseum.com/EN/timeline.html |archive-date=18 January 2013 |access-date=2 July 2011 |publisher=Bytown Museum}}</ref>{{sfn|Mika|Mika|1982|p=114}} Bytown's early pioneer period saw Irish labour unrest during the [[Shiners' War]] from 1835 to 1845<ref name="whc-cpo">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Shiners' Wars |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shiners-wars |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215065855/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shiners-wars |archive-date=15 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> and political dissension that was evident in the 1849 [[Stony Monday Riot]].{{sfn|Martin|1997|p=22}} In 1855, Bytown was renamed ''Ottawa'' and incorporated as a city.<ref name=":5" /> [[William Pittman Lett]] was installed as the first city clerk, serving from 1844 to 1891, guiding Ottawa through 36 years of development, leading the hiring of key municipal roles, founding civic organizations, and proposing a set of by-laws for the city.<ref name="Cook2015">{{cite book |author=Bryan D. Cook |title=Introducing William Pittman Lett: Ottawa's first city clerk and bard (1819–1892) |publisher=B.D.C. Ottawa Consulting |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-771363-42-6 |page=412}}</ref><ref>Ottawa City Council, 31 May 1875, ''Motion Concerning Compensation to Mrs Sowdon'', moved by Aldermen Rocque ans Pratte.</ref><ref>Lett, W. P. ''Proposal to the City Constitution Committee 10 August 1877'', City of Ottawa Archives /MG 037-8-1 p. 77.</ref>

=== Selection as capital ===
The selection of Ottawa as the capital of Canada predates the Confederation of Canada. The choice was contentious and not straightforward, with the parliament of the [[Province of Canada|United Province of Canada]] holding more than 200 votes over several decades to attempt to settle on a legislative solution to the location of the capital.<ref name=":6" />

The governor-general of the province had designated [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] as the capital in 1841. However, the major population centres of [[Toronto]] and [[Montreal]], as well as the former capital of Lower Canada, [[Quebec City]], all had legislators dissatisfied with Kingston. Anglophone merchants in Quebec were the leading group supportive of the Kingston arrangement.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=David B |title=Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system |publisher=Carleton university Press |year=1991 |pages=47–50}}</ref> In 1842, a vote rejected Kingston as the capital,<ref>Gordon, D.L.A., & Osborne, B. (2004). Constructing national identity in Canada's capital, 1900–2000: Confederation Square and the National War Memorial. ''Journal of Historical Geography 30, (4)'':618-642</ref> and study of potential candidates included the then-named Bytown, but that option proved less popular than Toronto or Montreal.<ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 71.</ref> In 1843, a report of the Executive Council recommended Montreal as the capital as a more fortifiable location and commercial centre; however, the governor-general refused to execute a move without a parliamentary vote.<ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 74–86</ref> In 1844, the [[Queen Victoria|Queen]]'s acceptance of a parliamentary vote moved the capital to Montreal.<ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 88.</ref>

In 1849, after [[Burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal|violence in Montreal]], a series of votes was held, with Kingston and Bytown again considered potential capitals. However, the successful proposal was for two cities to share capital status and the legislature to alternate sitting in each: Quebec City and Toronto, in a policy known as perambulation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2017 |title=Toronto's Bid to Be the Capital of Canada |url=https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/online-exhibits/web-exhibits/web-exhibits-significant-events/the-earliest-known-photographs-of-toronto/torontos-bid-to-be-the-capital-of-canada/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=City of Toronto |language=en-CA |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804190343/https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/online-exhibits/web-exhibits/web-exhibits-significant-events/the-earliest-known-photographs-of-toronto/torontos-bid-to-be-the-capital-of-canada/ |url-status=live |last1=Toronto |first1=City of }}</ref><ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 208</ref> Logistical difficulties made this an unpopular arrangement,<ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 129</ref> and although an 1856 vote passed for the lower house of parliament to relocate permanently to Quebec City, the upper house refused to approve funding.<ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 156–164</ref>

The funding impasse led to the ending of the legislature's role in determining the seat of government. The legislature requested the Queen determine the seat of government. The Queen then acted on the advice of her governor general [[Edmund Walker Head|Edmund Head]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Head, Sir Edmund National Historic Person |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1254 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=www.pc.gc.ca |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034214/https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1254 |url-status=live}}</ref> who, after reviewing proposals from various cities, selected the recently renamed Ottawa. The Queen sent a letter to colonial authorities selecting Ottawa as the capital, effective 31 December 1857. [[George Brown (Canadian politician)|George Brown]], briefly a co-premier of the Province of Canada, attempted to reverse this decision but was unsuccessful. The Parliament ratified the Queen's choice in 1859, with Quebec serving as interim capital from 1859 to 1865.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=James |title=Queen Victoria Chooses Ottawa |url=https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/momentous-events-in-the-city-s-life/queen-victoria-chooses-ottawa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122175907/https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/momentous-events-in-the-city-s-life/queen-victoria-chooses-ottawa |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=The Historical Society of Ottawa |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 1</ref> The relocation process began in 1865, with the first session of Parliament held in the new buildings in 1866. The buildings were generally well received by legislators.<ref>Knight, David B (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton university Press. pp. 1, 334–335</ref>

[[File:View of Parliament Hill and Chaudière Falls. "City of Ottawa, Canada West", ca. 1859, by Stent and Laver..jpg|thumb|Ottawa in 1859, before construction on [[Parliament Hill]]. Two years prior, [[Queen Victoria]] selected the city as the permanent capital of the [[Province of Canada]].]]

Ottawa was chosen as the capital for two primary reasons.<ref name=reasons>{{cite web |title=A Capital in the Making |url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16297-24515-24516-25146&lang=1 |publisher=[[National Capital Commission]] |access-date=24 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108134234/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16297-24515-24516-25146&lang=1 |archive-date=8 January 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> First, Ottawa's isolated location, surrounded by dense forest far from the Canada–US border and situated on a cliff face, would make it more defensible from attack.<ref name="McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP">{{cite book |last1=Northey |last2=Knight |title=Choosing Canada's Capital: Conflict Resolution in a Parliamentary System |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPY3hRG0a-EC&pg=PA236 |edition=Revised |series=Issue 168 of Carleton Library Series, ISSN 0576-7784 |year=1991 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-88629-148-8 |page=236 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502153916/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPY3hRG0a-EC&pg=PA236 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cohen2003">{{cite book |author=Saul Bernard Cohen |title=Geopolitics of the world system |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QkMD8HKRlgoC&pg=PA122 |year=2003 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9907-0 |page=122 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424133740/https://books.google.com/books?id=QkMD8HKRlgoC&pg=PA122 |archive-date=24 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Second, Ottawa was on the border between [[Canada West]] and [[Canada East]], making the selection an important political compromise.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Why Was Ottawa Chosen as the Federal Capital City? |url=http://www.ottawagraphy.ca/answers/why-was-ottawa-chosen-federal-capital-city |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202235657/http://www.ottawagraphy.ca/answers/why-was-ottawa-chosen-federal-capital-city |archive-date=2 February 2011 |access-date=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref>Knight, David B. (1991). ''Choosing Canada's capital: conflict resolution in a parliamentary system''. Carleton University Press. pp. 1, 243</ref>

Other minor considerations included that despite Ottawa's regional isolation, there was water transportation access from spring to fall, both to Montreal via the Ottawa River, and to Kingston via the [[Rideau Waterway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rideau Canal |url=https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/important-public-and-private-buildings-in-the-city/tag/Rideau%20Canal |access-date=14 July 2022 |publisher=The Historical Society of Ottawa |language=en-gb |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034214/https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/important-public-and-private-buildings-in-the-city/tag/Rideau%20Canal |url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, by 1854 it also had a modern all-season railway (the [[Bytown and Prescott Railway]]) that carried passengers, lumber and supplies the 82 kilometres (50 miles) to [[Prescott, Ontario|Prescott]] on the [[Saint Lawrence River]] and beyond.{{Sfn|Taylor|1986|p=11}}<ref name="McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP" /> Ottawa's small size was also thought to be less prone to politically motivated mob violence, as had happened in the [[burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal|previous Canadian capitals]].<ref name="Bourrie1996">{{cite book |author=Mark Bourrie |title=Canada's Parliament Buildings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUInFSPPc5kC&pg=PA19 |year=1996 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-0-88882-190-4 |page=19 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522101226/https://books.google.com/books?id=xUInFSPPc5kC&pg=PA19 |archive-date=22 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Finally, the government already owned the land that eventually became [[Parliament Hill]], which it thought would be an ideal location for the Parliament buildings.<ref name=":12" />

The original Parliament buildings, which included the Centre, East and West Blocks, were constructed between 1859 and 1866 in the [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival style]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Parliament Buildings |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/Publications/ParliamentBuildings/ParlBlgs-e.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113114107/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/Publications/ParliamentBuildings/parlblgs-e.asp |archive-date=13 November 2015 |access-date=3 December 2018 |work=parl.gc.ca}}</ref> At the time, this was the largest North American construction project ever attempted and [[Public Works Canada]] and its architects were not initially well prepared for the relatively shallow-lying bedrock and had to redesign architectural drawings, leading to delays. The [[Library of Parliament]] and Parliament Hill landscaping were completed in 1876.<ref>{{cite web |title=Construction, 1859–1916 |url=http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/collineduparlement-parliamenthill/batir-building/hist/1859-1916-eng.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228212113/http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/collineduparlement-parliamenthill/batir-building/hist/1859-1916-eng.html |archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>

===Post-Confederation===

[[File:Lebreton Flats after 1900 fire.jpg|thumb|[[LeBreton Flats]] after the [[1900 Hull–Ottawa fire]]. The fire destroyed one-fifth of Ottawa and two-thirds of neighbouring [[Hull, Quebec|Hull]], [[Quebec]].]]

Starting in the 1850s, entrepreneurs known as lumber barons began to build large sawmills, which became some of the largest mills in the world.{{sfn|Woods|1980|p=107}} [[Bytown and Prescott Railway|Rail lines]] built in 1854 connected Ottawa to areas south and, from 1886 to the transcontinental rail network via Hull and [[Lachute]], Quebec.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ottawa History – 1886–1890 |url=http://www.bytownmuseum.com/EN/fifteen-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102042325/http://www.bytownmuseum.com/EN/fifteen-3.html |archive-date=2 January 2013 |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=Bytown Museum}}</ref> By 1885 Ottawa was the only city in Canada whose downtown street-lights were powered entirely by electricity.<ref>''Ottawa, An Illustrated History'', John H. Taylor .Page 102. Jame Lorimer and Company Publishing.</ref> In 1889, the Government developed and distributed 60 "water leases" (still in use) to mainly local industrialists which gave them permission to generate electricity and operate hydroelectric generators at [[Chaudière Falls]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chaudière Falls |url=http://energyottawa.com/generation/chaudiere-falls/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228212928/http://energyottawa.com/generation/chaudiere-falls/ |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> Public transportation began in 1870 with a [[horsecar]] system,{{sfn|Van de Wetering|1997|p=28}} overtaken in the 1890s by a vast [[Ottawa Electric Railway|electric streetcar system]] that operated until 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CBC News Ottawa |title=Ottawa's original LRT: 68 years of streetcars in the capital |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-streetcar-archives-photos-lrt-1.5372302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034218/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-streetcar-archives-photos-lrt-1.5372302 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>

The [[1900 Hull–Ottawa fire|Hull–Ottawa fire of 1900]] destroyed two-thirds of Hull, including 40 percent of its residential buildings and most of the buildings of its largest employers along the waterfront.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Ottawa and Hull Fire Relief Fund, 1900, Ottawa |publisher=The Rolla L. Crain Co (Archive CD Books Canada) |url=http://www.archivecdbooks.ca/Samples/CA0188_Samp.pdf |pages=5–12 |date=31 December 1900 |access-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706164645/http://www.archivecdbooks.ca/Samples/CA0188_Samp.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2011}}</ref> It began as a chimney fire in Hull on the north side of the river, but due to wind, spread rapidly throughout the widespread wooden buildings. In Ottawa, it destroyed about one-fifth of the buildings from the Lebreton Flats south to Booth Street and down to [[Dow's Lake]].{{sfn|Van de Wetering|1997|p=57}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ottawa and Hull Fire Relief Fund |url=http://archive.org/details/cihm_11661 |title=Report of the Ottawa and Hull Fire Relief Fund, 1900 [microform] |date=1900 |publisher=[Ottawa? : s.n.] |others=Canadiana.org |isbn=978-0-665-11661-2}}</ref> The fire had a disproportionate effect on west-end lower-income neighbourhoods. It had also spread among many lumber yards, a major part of Ottawa's economy. The fire destroyed approximately 3200 buildings and caused an estimated $300 million in damage (in 2020 Canadian dollars).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remember This? Hull and Ottawa in flames |url=https://ottawa.citynews.ca/remember-this/remember-this-hull-and-ottawa-in-flames-2267155 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=CityNews Ottawa |date=20 April 2020 |language=en |archive-date=18 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518022810/https://ottawa.citynews.ca/remember-this/remember-this-hull-and-ottawa-in-flames-2267155 |url-status=live}}</ref> An estimated 14% of Ottawans were left homeless.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Globerman |first=Danny |date=14 May 2017 |title=Ottawa's past in pictures: Disasters that shook the city |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-s-past-in-pictures-disasters-that-shook-the-city-1.4099327 |access-date=14 July 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118223928/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-s-past-in-pictures-disasters-that-shook-the-city-1.4099327 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Ottawa Old Post Office Confederation Square.jpg|alt=A sepia photograph from the fourth floor of a building, overlooking a triangular public plaza, many old cars with canvas tops are parked in the square. Neo-gothic buildings make up two borders of the square, and a set of tram tracks comprise the third|thumb|Ottawa Post Office, located in Confederation Square, pictured in the early 20th century]]
On 1 June 1912, the [[Grand Trunk Railway]] opened both the [[Château Laurier]] hotel and its neighbouring downtown [[Union Station (Ottawa)|Union Station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/Ottawa+train+station+year+timeline/6690930/story.html |title=Ottawa's old train station: a 100-year timeline |work=Ottawa Citizen |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806194422/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/Ottawa+train+station+year+timeline/6690930/story.html |archive-date=6 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Van de Wetering|1997|p=41}} On 3 February 1916, the [[Centre Block]] of the Parliament buildings was [[Parliament Hill#Fire, incidents and renovations|destroyed by a fire]].{{sfn|Hale|2011|p=108}} The House of Commons and Senate was temporarily relocated to the recently constructed Victoria Memorial Museum, now the [[Canadian Museum of Nature]]<ref name="Mullington2005">{{cite book |author=Dave Mullington |title=Chain of office: biographical sketches of the early mayors of Ottawa (1847–1948) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SKxwbOUKZYEC&pg=PA120 |year=2005 |publisher=General Store Publishing House |isbn=978-1-897113-17-2 |page=120 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428124057/https://books.google.com/books?id=SKxwbOUKZYEC&pg=PA120 |archive-date=28 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> until the completion of the new Centre Block in 1922. The centrepiece of the new [[Parliament Hill|Parliament Buildings]] is a dominant Gothic Revival-styled structure known as the [[Peace Tower]].<ref name="(Canada)2004">{{cite book |author=Reader's Digest Association (Canada) |title=The Canadian atlas: our nation, environment and people |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDR7hrnO1aYC&pg=PP40 |year=2004 |publisher=Reader's Digest Association (Canada) |isbn=978-1-55365-082-9 |page=40 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629143040/https://books.google.com/books?id=vDR7hrnO1aYC&pg=PP40 |archive-date=29 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The location of what is now [[Confederation Square]] was a former commercial district centrally located in a triangular area downtown surrounded by historically significant heritage buildings, including the Parliament buildings. It was redeveloped as a ceremonial centre in 1938 as part of the [[City Beautiful Movement]]. It became the site of the [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]] in 1939 and was designated a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=12073 |title=Confederation Square National Historic Site of Canada |publisher=HistoricPlaces.ca |access-date=16 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316080543/http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=12073 |archive-date=16 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> A new [[Central Post Office (Ottawa)|Central Post Office]] (now the [[Privy Council of Canada]]) was constructed in 1939 beside the War Memorial because the original post office building on the proposed Confederation Square grounds had to be demolished.<ref>{{Cite web |work=The Montreal Gazette |title=Old Ottawa Post Office Building Razed After Service of 62 Years |date=24 June 1938 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19380624&id=0b00AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZKgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5524,3172428 |access-date=10 July 2022 |via=Google News Archive Search |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710161519/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19380624&id=0b00AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZKgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5524,3172428 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Post–Second World War===
[[File:VEDaySparksStreet1945.jpg|V-Day, downtown Ottawa in 1945, to mark the end of [[World War II]]|thumb]]
[[File:Ottawagreenbelt.PNG|Greber plan's [[Greenbelt (Ottawa)|National Capital Greenbelt]] surrounding the urban core|thumb]]
[[File:John G. Diefenbaker Building 2014 p3.jpg|thumb|The [[John G. Diefenbaker Building]] was Ottawa's fourth city hall, from 1958 [[Ottawa City Hall|until 2001.]]]]

Ottawa's former industrial appearance was vastly altered by the 1950 [[Greber Plan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=James |title=Ottawa the Beautiful: The Gréber Report |url=https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/changes-in-the-city-s-landscape/ottawa-the-beautiful-the-greber-report |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=The Historical Society of Ottawa |language=en-gb |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202082900/https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/changes-in-the-city-s-landscape/ottawa-the-beautiful-the-greber-report |url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Mackenzie King]] hired French architect-planner [[Jacques Greber]] to design an urban plan for managing development in the National Capital Region, to make it more aesthetically pleasing and a location more befitting for Canada's political centre.<ref name="The Gréber Report">{{cite web |title=The Gréber Report |url=http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/arts-culture-and-community/museums-and-heritage/witness-change-visions-andrews-newton-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075840/http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/arts-culture-and-community/museums-and-heritage/witness-change-visions-andrews-newton-7 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |work=ottawa.ca}}</ref><ref name="Planners">{{cite web |title=Planners Over Time |url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16300-20443-29365-23553&lang=1&bhcp=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114124357/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16300-20443-29365-23553&lang=1&bhcp=1 |archive-date=14 November 2011 |access-date=1 November 2009 |publisher=[[National Capital Commission]]}}</ref> Greber's plan included the creation of the [[Greenbelt (Ottawa)|National Capital Greenbelt]], the [[Kichi Zibi Mikan]] and the [[Queensway (Ottawa)|Queensway]] highway system. His plan also called for changes in institutions such as moving downtown Union Station (now the [[Senate of Canada Building]]) to the suburbs, the removal of the street car system, the decentralization of selected government offices, the relocation of industries and removal of substandard housing from the downtown. The plan also recommended the creation of the Rideau Canal and Ottawa River pathways.<ref name="The Gréber Report" /><ref name="Erickson2006">{{cite book |author=Donna L. Erickson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LR5iIX__3OoC&pg=PA113 |title=MetroGreen: connecting open space in North American cities |publisher=Island Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55963-843-2 |page=113 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512190337/https://books.google.com/books?id=LR5iIX__3OoC&pg=PA113 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Keshen|St-Onge|2001|p=360}}

In 1958, the [[National Capital Commission]] was established as a [[Crown Corporation]] through the National Capital Act. The commission's original mission was to implement the Greber Plan recommendations conducted during the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-us |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=NCC-CCN |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303190927/https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-us |url-status=live}}</ref> This marked the creation of a permanent political infrastructure for managing the [[capital region]]. Prior attempts to do so in the previous 50 years had been temporary. These included plans from the 1899 Ottawa Improvement Commission (OIC), the Todd Plan in 1903, the Holt Report in 1915 and the Federal District Commission (FDC) established in 1927 with a 16-year mandate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-ncc |title=About the NCC |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128030922/http://www.ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-ncc |archive-date=28 January 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1054 THE ANNUAL REGISTER, 1927 Federal District Commission.—The Federal District Commission, replacing the Ottawa Improvement |url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1927-28/192710961054_p.%25201054.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221214912/https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1927-28/192710961054_p.%201054.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2018 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=www66.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

From 1931 to 1958, City Hall had been at the [[Transportation Building (Ottawa)|Transportation Building]] adjacent to Union Station (now part of the [[CF Rideau Centre|Rideau Centre]]). In 1958, a new [[Old City Hall (Ottawa)|City Hall]] opened on Green Island near Rideau Falls, where urban renewal had recently transformed this industrial location into a green space.{{sfn|Taylor|1986|pp=186–194}} In 2001, [[Ottawa City Hall]] returned downtown to a 1990 building on 110 Laurier Avenue West, the home of the now-defunct [[Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton]]. This new location was close to Ottawa's [[First City Hall (Ottawa)|first (1849–1877)]] and [[Second City Hall (Ottawa)|second (1877–1931)]] City Halls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islands of Ottawa: Green Island a historical microcosm of the city |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/islands-of-ottawa-green-island-a-historical-microcosm-of-the-city |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026060247/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/islands-of-ottawa-green-island-a-historical-microcosm-of-the-city |url-status=live}}</ref> This new city hall complex also contained an adjacent 19th-century restored heritage building formerly known as the [[Ottawa Normal School]].{{sfn|Taylor|1986|pp=186–194}}

From the 1960s to the 1980s, there was a large increase in construction in the National Capital Region,{{sfn|Hale|2011|p=217}} which was followed by large growth in the [[high-tech]] industry during the 1990s and 2000s.<ref name="Shavinina2004">{{cite book |author=Larisa V. Shavinina |title=Silicon Valley North: A High-tech Cluster of Innovation And Entrepreneurship |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSjv-acTkoUC&pg=PR15 |year=2004 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044457-4 |page=15 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504120907/https://books.google.com/books?id=cSjv-acTkoUC&pg=PR15 |archive-date=4 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa became one of Canada's largest high-tech cities and was nicknamed Silicon Valley North. By the 1980s, Bell Northern Research (later [[Nortel]]) employed thousands, and large federally assisted research facilities such as the [[National Research Council (Canada)|National Research Council]] contributed to an eventual technology boom. The early companies led to newer firms such as [[Newbridge Networks]], [[Mitel]] and [[Corel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=National Research Council |date=19 March 2019 |title=NRC's innovative people profiles |url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/history/nrcs-innovative-people-profiles |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=nrc.canada.ca |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201030121/https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/history/nrcs-innovative-people-profiles |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=CBC News Ottawa |date=29 June 2009 |title=Is Ottawa still Silicon Valley North? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/is-ottawa-still-silicon-valley-north-1.801035 |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813201230/https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/is-ottawa-still-silicon-valley-north-1.801035 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1991, provincial and federal governments responded to a [[land claim]] submitted by the Algonquins of Ontario regarding the unceded status of the land on which Ottawa is situated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Algonquin land claim |url=http://www.ontario.ca/page/algonquin-land-claim |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=ontario.ca |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326095148/https://www.ontario.ca/page/algonquin-land-claim |url-status=live}}</ref> Negotiations have been ongoing, with an eventual goal to sign a treaty that would release Canada from claims for misuse of land under Algonquin [[Aboriginal title|title]], affirm rights of the Algonquins, and negotiate conditions of the title transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Algonquins of Ontario |last2=Government of Ontario |last3=Government of Canada |title=Agreement in Principle |url=https://docs.ontario.ca/documents/4668/maa-proposed-aip-en.pdf |page=2.3.5 |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034324/https://docs.ontario.ca/documents/4668/maa-proposed-aip-en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ottawa's city limits have expanded over time, including a large expansion effective 1 January 2001, when the province of [[Ontario]] amalgamated all the constituent municipalities of the [[Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton]] into a single city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_99c14e_e.htm#BK3 |title=City of Ottawa Act, 1999, Chapter 14, Schedule E |publisher=Service Ontario/Legislative Assembly of Ontario |year=2010 |access-date=29 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808101635/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_99c14e_e.htm#BK3 |archive-date=8 August 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Regional Chair [[Bob Chiarelli]] was elected as the new city's first mayor in the [[2000 Ottawa municipal election|2000 municipal election]], defeating [[Gloucester, Ontario|Gloucester]] mayor Claudette Cain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Municipal Elections |url=https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Canada/mun00.html |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=pdba.georgetown.edu |archive-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620035602/http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Canada/mun00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The city's growth led to strains on the public transit system and road bridges. On 15 October 2001, a diesel-powered [[light rail transit]] (LRT) line was introduced on an experimental basis. Known today as the [[Trillium Line]], it was dubbed the [[O-Train]] and connected [[downtown Ottawa]] to the southern suburbs via [[Carleton University]]. The decision to extend the O-Train, and to replace it with an electric light rail system, was a major issue in the [[2006 Ottawa municipal election|2006 municipal elections]], where Chiarelli was defeated by businessman [[Larry O'Brien (Canadian politician)|Larry O'Brien]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=CBC News Ottawa |date=13 November 2006 |title=O'Brien runs away with Ottawa mayoral race |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/o-brien-runs-away-with-ottawa-mayoral-race-1.573629 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310075902/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/o-brien-runs-away-with-ottawa-mayoral-race-1.573629}}</ref> After O'Brien's election, transit plans were changed to establish a series of light rail stations from the east side of the city into downtown, and for using a tunnel through the downtown core.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CBC news Ottawa |date=29 May 2007 |title=Transit task force to propose extensive LRT plan: source |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/transit-task-force-to-propose-extensive-lrt-plan-source-1.664972 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710161525/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/transit-task-force-to-propose-extensive-lrt-plan-source-1.664972}}</ref> [[Jim Watson (Canadian politician)|Jim Watson]], the last mayor of Ottawa before amalgamation, was re-elected in the [[2010 Ottawa municipal election|2010 election]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/watson-wins-ottawa-mayor-s-race-1.905765 |work=CBC News |title=Watson wins Ottawa mayor's race |date=25 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027095621/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/watson-wins-ottawa-mayor-s-race-1.905765 |archive-date=27 October 2010}}</ref>

In October 2012, the City Council approved the final [[Lansdowne Park]] plan, an agreement with the [[Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group]] that saw a new stadium, increased green space and housing and retail added to the site.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/final-lansdowne-deal-passed-by-council-1.1245290 |work=CBC News |title=Final Lansdowne deal passed by council |date=10 October 2012 |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111093629/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/story/2012/10/10/ottawa-lansdowne-waterfall-agreement.html |archive-date=11 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/Council+gives+final+ahead+Lansdowne+project/7369051/story.html |work=Ottawa Citizen |title=Council gives final go ahead to Lansdowne project |date=11 October 2012 |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705053632/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Council+gives+final+ahead+Lansdowne+project/7369051/story.html |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2012, City Council voted unanimously to move forward with the [[Confederation Line]], a {{cvt|12.5|km}} light rail transit line, which was opened on 14 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-lrt-confederation-line-1.5258684 |title=4 key dates as Ottawa's LRT becomes a reality |work=CBC News |access-date=6 September 2019 |archive-date=3 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903005542/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-lrt-confederation-line-1.5258684 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{main|Geography of Ottawa}}

=== Neighbourhoods ===
{{further|List of neighbourhoods in Ottawa}}
The present-day city of Ottawa consists of the historic main [[urban area]], as well as other urban, suburban and [[rural]] areas within the city's post-amalgamation limits.<ref>{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |title=Urban Sub-Areas of Ottawa |url=https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/documents/urban-subareas-en.pdf |access-date=17 July 2022 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701200248/https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/documents/urban-subareas-en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Old Ottawa ====
Old Ottawa refers to the former pre-amalgamation city, as well as the former city of [[Vanier, Ontario|Vanier]], a densely populated, historically francophone, working class enclave, and the former [[village]] of [[Rockcliffe Park, Ontario|Rockcliffe Park]], a wealthy residential neighbourhood adjacent to the Prime Minister's official residence at 24 Sussex and the Governor General's residence.<ref name="hoods">{{cite web |title=Ottawa Neighbourhoods |url=http://www.ottawarealestate.ca/neighbourhoods.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084643/http://www.ottawarealestate.ca/neighbourhoods.php |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=15 August 2014 |publisher=Ottawa Real Estate.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Heart of Orléans |url=https://ottawatourism.ca/en/about-ottawa/neighbourhoods/heart-orleans |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=Ottawa Tourism |language=en |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717215621/https://ottawatourism.ca/en/about-ottawa/neighbourhoods/heart-orleans |url-status=live}}</ref> The old city includes the [[Downtown Ottawa|downtown core]] and older neighbourhoods to the east, west, and south. These vibrant neighbourhoods include the bustling commercial and cultural areas of Old Ottawa South,
[[Centretown]], [[Lower Town]], and [[Sandy Hill, Ottawa|Sandy Hill]], the affluent tree-lined neighbourhoods of [[The Glebe]], [[Westboro, Ottawa|Westboro]], and [[New Edinburgh]], and the historically [[Blue-collar worker|blue-collar]] communities of [[Hintonburg]], [[Mechanicsville, Ottawa|Mechanicsville]], [[Carlington]], and [[LeBreton Flats]], with a mixture of housing types, artist lofts, and industrial uses. The old city also includes the [[ethnic enclave]]s of [[Chinatown, Ottawa|Chinatown]] and [[Little Italy, Ottawa|Little Italy]].

==== Suburbs and outlying communities ====
[[File:Newottawamap.png|thumb|Map of Ottawa showing urban areas and names of historical communities]]
Modern Ottawa is made up of eleven historic townships, ten of which are from the former [[Carleton County, Ontario|Carleton County]] and one from the former [[Russell County, Ontario|Russell County]].<ref>{{cite web |year=2002 |title=Ottawa Rural Communities |url=http://www.ruralcouncil.ca/ORC/background.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113220822/http://www.ruralcouncil.ca/ORC/background.htm |archive-date=13 November 2011 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=The Rural Council of Ottawa-Carleton}}</ref> Ottawa city limits are bounded on the east by the [[Prescott and Russell United Counties, Ontario|United Counties of Prescott and Russell]]; by [[Renfrew County, Ontario|Renfrew County]] and [[Lanark County, Ontario|Lanark County]] in the west; on the south by the [[Leeds and Grenville United Counties|United Counties of Leeds and Grenville]] and the [[Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry United Counties, Ontario|United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry]]; and on the north by the [[Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais Regional County Municipality, Quebec|Regional County Municipality of Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais]] and the City of Gatineau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official road map of Ontario |url=http://www.ontario.ca/page/official-road-map-ontario |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=ontario.ca |language=en |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816192401/https://www.ontario.ca/page/official-road-map-ontario |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministère des Transports |title=Québec Official Road Map |url=https://www.quebec511.info/en/carte_routiere/index.asp |access-date=17 July 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717212504/https://www.quebec511.info/en/carte_routiere/index.asp |url-status=live}}</ref>

The main suburban areas extend a considerable distance to the east, west and south of the inner-city.<ref name="gmap">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Neighborhoods of Ottawa |url=https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&t=k&om=1&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=115838170672838983402.00043dad54fc8b7e8a93c |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127075543/http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&t=k&om=1&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=115838170672838983402.00043dad54fc8b7e8a93c |archive-date=27 November 2011 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Google Maps}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |title=Zoning Schedule A |url=https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/schedule5_zbl_en.pdf |publication-date=2008 |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001215829/https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/schedule5_zbl_en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> These areas also include the former cities of Cumberland, Gloucester, [[Kanata, Ontario|Kanata]] and Nepean.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=29 January 2018 |title=Orléans {{!}} Ottawa Lives Here |url=https://www.ottawaliveshere.com/orleans/ |access-date=22 October 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022194548/https://www.ottawaliveshere.com/orleans/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The towns of [[Stittsville, Ontario|Stittsville]] and [[Richmond, Ontario|Richmond]] within the former [[Goulbourn Township, Ontario|Goulbourn Township]] are to the southwest.<ref name="hoods" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanata Central |url=https://ottawatourism.ca/en/about-ottawa/neighbourhoods/kanata-central |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=Ottawa Tourism |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520172223/https://ottawatourism.ca/en/about-ottawa/neighbourhoods/kanata-central |url-status=live}}</ref> Nepean as a suburb also includes [[Barrhaven, Ontario|Barrhaven]].<ref name="hoods" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepean {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nepean |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717215620/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nepean |url-status=live}}</ref> The communities of [[Manotick, Ontario|Manotick]] and [[Riverside South, Ottawa|Riverside South]] are on the other side of the Rideau River, and [[Greely, Ontario|Greely]], southeast of Riverside South.<ref name="hoods" />

A number of rural communities (villages and [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]]) are administratively part of the Ottawa municipality.<ref name="gmap" /> Some of these communities are [[Burritts Rapids, Ontario|Burritts Rapids]]; [[Ashton, Ontario|Ashton]]; [[Fallowfield, Ontario|Fallowfield]]; [[Kars, Ontario|Kars]]; [[Fitzroy Harbour, Ontario|Fitzroy Harbour]]; [[Munster, Ontario|Munster]]; [[Carp, Ontario|Carp]]; [[North Gower, Ontario|North Gower]]; [[Metcalfe, Ontario|Metcalfe]]; [[Constance Bay, Ontario|Constance Bay]] and [[Osgoode, Ontario|Osgoode]].<ref name="hoods" /> Several [[town]]s are within the federally defined National Capital Region but outside the [[city of Ottawa]] municipal boundaries;<ref name="gmap" /> these include communities of [[Almonte, Ontario|Almonte]], [[Carleton Place, Ontario|Carleton Place]], [[Embrun, Ontario|Embrun]], [[Kemptville, Ontario|Kemptville]], [[Rockland, Ontario|Rockland]], and [[Russell, Ontario (community)|Russell]].<ref name="hoods" />
{{wide image|OttawaPanorama2017.jpg|1500px|align-cap=center|Ottawa above the [[Ottawa River]] in 2017, left to right{{mdash}} [[Byward Market]]{{·}} [[Fairmont Château Laurier]]{{·}}[[National Gallery of Canada]]{{·}} [[Parliament Hill]] with [[Library of Parliament]] and [[Peace Tower]]{{·}}[[Alexandra Bridge]]{{·}} [[Downtown Ottawa]] towers{{·}}[[Supreme Court of Canada]]}}

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Architecture of Ottawa}}
[[File:Connaught Building (14579938218).jpg|thumb|right|Completed in 1913, the [[Connaught Building]] was constructed in a Gothic Revival style.]]
Influenced by government structures, much of the city's architecture tends to be formal and [[Functionalism (architecture)|functional]]; the city is also marked by [[Romanticism|Romantic]] and [[Picturesque]] styles of architecture such as the Parliament Buildings' gothic revival architecture.<ref name="RickettsMaitland2004">{{cite book |author1=Shannon Ricketts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-f2MYzP6IWAC&pg=PA73 |title=A guide to Canadian architectural styles |author2=Leslie Maitland |author3=Jacqueline Hucker |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-55111-546-7 |page=73 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502124236/https://books.google.com/books?id=-f2MYzP6IWAC&pg=PA73 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa's domestic architecture contains single-family homes, but also includes smaller numbers of [[semi-detached]] houses, [[rowhouse]]s, and [[apartment building]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Chris |date=21 June 2016 |title=Ottawa's Apartments, 1955 |url=https://www.historynerd.ca/2016/06/21/ottawas-apartments-1955/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=historynerd.ca |language=en-CA |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022940/https://www.historynerd.ca/2016/06/21/ottawas-apartments-1955/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Many domestic buildings in Centretown are clad in red brick, with trim in wood, stone, or metal; variations are common, depending on the cultural heritage of the neighbourhoods and the time they were built.<ref>{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |date=2019 |title=Heritage Study for 58 Florence Street |url=http://webcast.ottawa.ca/plan/All_Image%20Referencing_Zoning%20Bylaw%20Amendment%20Application_Image%20Reference_2019-08-21%20-%20Cultural%20Heritage%20Impact%20Statement%20-%20D02-02-19-0089.PDF |page=14 |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926165644/http://webcast.ottawa.ca/plan/All_Image%20Referencing_Zoning%20Bylaw%20Amendment%20Application_Image%20Reference_2019-08-21%20-%20Cultural%20Heritage%20Impact%20Statement%20-%20D02-02-19-0089.PDF |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[skyline]] has been controlled by building height restrictions originally implemented to keep Parliament Hill and the Peace Tower at {{cvt|92.2|m}} visible from most parts of the city.{{sfn|Keshen|St-Onge|2001|p=455}} Today, [[List of tallest buildings in Ottawa-Gatineau|several buildings are slightly taller]] than the Peace Tower, with the tallest being the [[Claridge Icon]] at {{convert|143|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reaching for the stars: Claridge eyes plan to build 60-storey residential tower in Little Italy |url=https://www.obj.ca/article/real-estate/residential/reaching-stars-claridge-eyes-plan-build-60-storey-residential-tower |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Ottawa Business Journal |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022939/https://www.obj.ca/article/real-estate/residential/reaching-stars-claridge-eyes-plan-build-60-storey-residential-tower |url-status=dead}}</ref> Many federal buildings in the National Capital Region are managed by [[Public Works and Government Services Canada|Public Works Canada]], which leads to [[Historic preservation|heritage conservation]] in its renovations and management of buildings, such as the renovation of the [[Senate of Canada Building|Senate Building]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Works and Government Services Canada |date=8 August 2014 |title=NPMS Procedure—Managing Projects for Heritage Properties - Specialized Areas - NPMS - Real Property - PSPC |url=https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/biens-property/sngp-npms/bi-rp/domaines-areas/pgpbp-pmphp-eng.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171731/https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/biens-property/sngp-npms/bi-rp/domaines-areas/pgpbp-pmphp-eng.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=31 July 2015 |title=Restoring and modernizing the Senate of Canada Building - Canada.ca |url=https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/citeparlementaire-parliamentaryprecinct/rehabilitation/conference-eng.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512043412/https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/citeparlementaire-parliamentaryprecinct/rehabilitation/conference-eng.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the federal land in the region is managed by the National Capital Commission; its control of much undeveloped land and appropriations powers gives the NCC a great deal of influence over the city's development.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 October 2008 |title=Mandate and Mission |url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16302-22554-22561&lang=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509190424/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16302-22554-22561&lang=1 |archive-date=9 May 2011 |access-date=8 June 2011 |publisher=The National Capital Commission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adam: The NCC and LeBreton Flats — all talk, no action? |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/adam-the-ncc-and-lebreton-flats-all-talk-no-action |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128001012/https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/adam-the-ncc-and-lebreton-flats-all-talk-no-action |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=17 July 2020 |title=National Capital Commission: Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs—February 27, 2020 - PSPC |url=https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/trans/documentinfo-briefingmaterial/proc/2020_02_27/p17-eng.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022940/https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/trans/documentinfo-briefingmaterial/proc/2020_02_27/p17-eng.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Ottawa has a [[humid continental climate|warm-summer humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfb'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''Dcbo/Dcbc'')<ref>{{Cite web |last=Secretariat |first=Treasury Board of Canada |title=Climatic Regions - Open Government Portal |url=https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/09ffaeb5-ec8f-5bb5-bdcb-3436ccf26f58 |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=open.canada.ca |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031181102/https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/09ffaeb5-ec8f-5bb5-bdcb-3436ccf26f58 |url-status=live}}</ref> with four distinct seasons and is between Zones 5a and 5b on the Canadian Plant Hardiness Scale.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?lang=en&m=24&speciesid=1000000&phz=phz1981-2010&bc=1 |title=phz1981-2010 |website=Canada's Plant Hardiness Site |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807130053/http://planthardiness.gc.ca/?lang=en&m=24&speciesid=1000000&phz=phz1981-2010&bc=1 |archive-date=7 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The average July maximum temperature is {{cvt|26.7|C|0}}. The average January minimum temperature is {{cvt|−14.0|C|1}}.<ref name="Ottawa CDA"/> The highest temperature ever recorded in Ottawa was {{cvt|37.8|C|0}} on 4 July 1913, 1 August 1917 and 11 August 1944.<ref name="CCN" /><ref name="Ottawa CDA" />

Summers are generally warm and humid in Ottawa. On average, there are 13.4 days across the three summer months of June, July and August that have temperatures exceeding {{cvt|30|C|0}}.<ref name="Ottawa CDA" /> Periods of hotter weather are normally accompanied by high humidity levels.<ref name="Ottawa CDA" />

Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. On average, almost every day of January, February and March has more than 5 cm of snowpack (29, 28, and 23 days, respectively), and on average, approximately 13 days a year see 5 cm or more of snowfall, with 5 of those having over 10 cm.<ref name="Ottawa CDA" />

An average of 15 days of the year experience temperatures below {{cvt|-20|C|0}}.<ref name="Ottawa CDA" /> Spring and fall are variable, prone to extreme changes in temperature and conditions. The month of May, for example, on average gets a day below freezing at night every other year, conversely a day surpassing 30 °C <ref name="Ottawa CDA" />

Annual rainfall averages around 772mm per year, total precipitation 938mm<ref name="Ottawa CDA" /> spread throughout the year, with some variation. May through November are the months more likely to see significant precipitation events, with each month having an average of 3 days of over 10 mm of precipitation, with December through April seeing on average 1–2 days. May through November have, on average, over 80 mm of rainfall per month, with peaks of approximately 90 mm in June and July. December through April have less than 80 mm, with February being the driest month at an average of 5 cm of precipitation.<ref name="Ottawa CDA" />

Ottawa experiences about 2,080 hours of average sunshine annually (45% of possible).<ref name="Ottawa CDA1981"/> Predominate wind direction in Ottawa is from the [[Westerlies|West]], Easterly air flow is more common during periods of wet weather as well as localized river/lake-effect [[Convection cell|cells]] on summer afternoons.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last1=Klock |first1=Ross |last2=Simard |first2=Gilles |last3=Mullock |first3=John |title=The Weather of Ontario and Quebec: Graphic Area Forecast 33 |url=https://www.navcanada.ca/en/lawm-ontario-quebec-en.pdf |publisher=Nav Canada |pages=92–94, 74–75 |access-date=17 July 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717204139/https://www.navcanada.ca/en/lawm-ontario-quebec-en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Windspeed is on average higher during the winter, with northerly winds predominating during cold waves.<ref name="CCN" /><ref name=":8" />{{Weather box
|collapsed = yes
|location = Ottawa ([[Central Experimental Farm]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present{{efn|Extreme high and low temperatures in the table below were recorded at Ottawa from March 1872 to October 1889 and at [[Central Experimental Farm|Ottawa CDA]] from November 1889 to present.}}<ref name=extremesmetadata>
{{cite web |url= https://api.weather.gc.ca/collections/ltce-stations/items?f=csv&limit=30000&ELEMENT_NAME_E=TEMPERATURE |title= Technical Information and Metadata |work= Daily climate records (LTCE) |publisher= Environment Canada |access-date= October 15, 2024}}</ref>
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan maximum humidex = 12.9
|Feb maximum humidex = 12.0
|Mar maximum humidex = 28.4
|Apr maximum humidex = 35.3
|May maximum humidex = 39.7
|Jun maximum humidex = 44.1
|Jul maximum humidex = 45.7
|Aug maximum humidex = 49.9
|Sep maximum humidex = 41.6
|Oct maximum humidex = 36.1
|Nov maximum humidex = 24.3
|Dec maximum humidex = 18.3
|year maximum humidex = 49.9
|Jan record high C = 15.6
|Feb record high C = 15.1
|Mar record high C = 26.5
|Apr record high C = 31.2
|May record high C = 35.2
|Jun record high C = 36.7
|Jul record high C = 37.8
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 36.7
|Oct record high C = 30.3
|Nov record high C = 23.3
|Dec record high C = 17.0
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = -5.2
|Feb high C = -3.3
|Mar high C = 2.5
|Apr high C = 11.2
|May high C = 19.4
|Jun high C = 24.2
|Jul high C = 26.7
|Aug high C = 25.6
|Sep high C = 21.1
|Oct high C = 13.3
|Nov high C = 5.8
|Dec high C = -1.5
|year high C = 11.7
|Jan mean C = −9.6
|Feb mean C = −8.1
|Mar mean C = −2.2
|Apr mean C = 6.2
|May mean C = 13.8
|Jun mean C = 18.8
|Jul mean C = 21.3
|Aug mean C = 20.1
|Sep mean C = 15.6
|Oct mean C = 8.8
|Nov mean C = 2.0
|Dec mean C = -5.1
|year mean C = 6.8
|Jan low C = -14.0
|Feb low C = -12.9
|Mar low C = -6.9
|Apr low C = 1.1
|May low C = 8.0
|Jun low C = 13.3
|Jul low C = 15.8
|Aug low C = 14.6
|Sep low C = 10.1
|Oct low C = 4.1
|Nov low C = -1.8
|Dec low C = -8.7
|year low C = 1.9
|Jan record low C = -37.8
|Feb record low C = -38.3
|Mar record low C = -36.7
|Apr record low C = -20.6
|May record low C = -7.2
|Jun record low C = 0.0
|Jul record low C = 3.3
|Aug record low C = 1.1
|Sep record low C = -4.4
|Oct record low C = -12.8
|Nov record low C = -30.6
|Dec record low C = -38.9
|year record low C = -38.9
|Jan chill = -40.6
|Feb chill = -42.8
|Mar chill = -40.1
|Apr chill = -20.8
|May chill = -8.1
|Jun chill = 0.0
|Jul chill = 0.0
|Aug chill = 0.0
|Sep chill = -1.0
|Oct chill = -9.6
|Nov chill = -25.6
|Dec chill = -41.3
|year chill = -42.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 65.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 52.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 61.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 81.3
|May precipitation mm = 80.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 95.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 92.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 87.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 87.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 90.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 72.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 73.6
|year precipitation mm = 938.1
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 27.0
|Feb rain mm = 17.0
|Mar rain mm = 32.5
|Apr rain mm = 72.2
|May rain mm = 80.0
|Jun rain mm = 95.1
|Jul rain mm = 92.3
|Aug rain mm = 87.4
|Sep rain mm = 87.0
|Oct rain mm = 88.6
|Nov rain mm = 57.1
|Dec rain mm = 35.3
|year rain mm = 771.5
|snow colour = green
|Jan snow cm = 44.5
|Feb snow cm = 41.0
|Mar snow cm = 30.9
|Apr snow cm = 7.5
|May snow cm = 0.0
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 1.7
|Nov snow cm = 16.1
|Dec snow cm = 42.7
|year snow cm = 184.5
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 15.2
|Feb precipitation days = 12.0
|Mar precipitation days = 11.3
|Apr precipitation days = 12.5
|May precipitation days = 13.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.9
|Jul precipitation days = 12.2
|Aug precipitation days = 11.5
|Sep precipitation days = 11.9
|Oct precipitation days = 14.5
|Nov precipitation days = 13.9
|Dec precipitation days = 15.6
|year precipitation days = 157.0
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 4.5
|Feb rain days = 3.1
|Mar rain days = 5.6
|Apr rain days = 11.1
|May rain days = 13.5
|Jun rain days = 12.9
|Jul rain days = 12.2
|Aug rain days = 11.5
|Sep rain days = 11.9
|Oct rain days = 14.3
|Nov rain days = 10.5
|Dec rain days = 6.3
|year rain days = 117.4
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days = 13.0
|Feb snow days = 10.1
|Mar snow days = 7.1
|Apr snow days = 2.3
|May snow days = 0.07
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.38
|Nov snow days = 4.6
|Dec snow days = 11.4
|year snow days = 48.9
|time day = 15:00 LST
|Jan humidity = 70.6
|Feb humidity = 63.5
|Mar humidity = 57.6
|Apr humidity = 51.2
|May humidity = 51.0
|Jun humidity = 55.1
|Jul humidity = 54.3
|Aug humidity = 55.7
|Sep humidity = 58.1
|Oct humidity = 63.9
|Nov humidity = 68.1
|Dec humidity = 75.5
|year humidity = 60.4
|Jan snow depth cm = 17
|Feb snow depth cm = 25
|Mar snow depth cm = 20
|Apr snow depth cm = 2
|May snow depth cm = 0
|Jun snow depth cm = 0
|Jul snow depth cm = 0
|Aug snow depth cm = 0
|Sep snow depth cm = 0
|Oct snow depth cm = 0
|Nov snow depth cm = 1
|Dec snow depth cm = 8
|year snow depth cm = 6
|Jan sun = 99.3
|Feb sun = 131.3
|Mar sun = 167.1
|Apr sun = 189.8
|May sun = 229.8
|Jun sun = 254.2
|Jul sun = 279.0
|Aug sun = 249.3
|Sep sun = 177.6
|Oct sun = 139.4
|Nov sun = 84.3
|Dec sun = 82.6
|year sun = 2083.7
|Jan percentsun = 35.0
|Feb percentsun = 44.9
|Mar percentsun = 45.3
|Apr percentsun = 46.9
|May percentsun = 49.9
|Jun percentsun = 54.3
|Jul percentsun = 58.9
|Aug percentsun = 57.1
|Sep percentsun = 47.1
|Oct percentsun = 41.0
|Nov percentsun = 29.4
|Dec percentsun = 30.3
|year percentsun = 45.0
| source 1 = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]] (sun 1981–2010)<ref name="Ottawa CDA">{{cite web |publisher=Environment Canada |url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=450000000&dispBack=0 |title=Ottawa CDA |work=Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020 |date=25 September 2013 |access-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ottawa CDA1981">{{cite web |publisher=Environment Canada |url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=4333&dispBack=0 |title=Ottawa CDA |work=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 |date=25 September 2013 |access-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=OttawaCDAextremes>
{{cite web
| url = https://dd.weather.gc.ca/climate/ltce/daily/temperature/ON/climate_LTCE_Temperature-Records_ON_VSON118.csv
| title = Long Term Climate Extremes for Ottawa Kanata-Orleans (Virtual Station ID: VSON118)
| work = Daily climate records (LTCE)
| publisher = Environment Canada
| access-date = April 6, 2025}}</ref>

| date = 22 September 2015
}}
{{Weather box
| collapsed = yes
| location = [[Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport|Ottawa International Airport]], 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1938–present<ref name=extremesmetadata/>
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan maximum humidex = 13.9
| Feb maximum humidex = 15.1
| Mar maximum humidex = 30.0
| Apr maximum humidex = 35.1
| May maximum humidex = 41.8
| Jun maximum humidex = 44.0
| Jul maximum humidex = 47.2
| Aug maximum humidex = 47.0
| Sep maximum humidex = 42.5
| Oct maximum humidex = 33.9
| Nov maximum humidex = 26.1
| Dec maximum humidex = 18.4
| year maximum humidex = 47.2
| Jan record high C = 12.9
| Feb record high C = 15.7
| Mar record high C = 27.4
| Apr record high C = 31.1
| May record high C = 35.8
| Jun record high C = 36.1
| Jul record high C = 36.9
| Aug record high C = 37.8
| Sep record high C = 35.1
| Oct record high C = 30.9
| Nov record high C = 23.9
| Dec record high C = 17.9
| year record high C = 37.8
| Jan high C = -5.5
| Feb high C = -3.6
| Mar high C = 2.4
| Apr high C = 11.3
| May high C = 19.6
| Jun high C = 24.4
| Jul high C = 27.0
| Aug high C = 25.8
| Sep high C = 21.0
| Oct high C = 13.0
| Nov high C = 5.8
| Dec high C = -1.9
| year high C = 11.6
| Jan mean C = -10.0
| Feb mean C = −8.5
| Mar mean C = −2.4
| Apr mean C = 5.9
| May mean C = 13.6
| Jun mean C = 18.7
| Jul mean C = 21.2
| Aug mean C = 20.1
| Sep mean C = 15.3
| Oct mean C = 8.2
| Nov mean C = 1.7
| Dec mean C = -5.8
| year mean C = 6.5
| Jan low C = -14.3
| Feb low C = -13.2
| Mar low C = -7.1
| Apr low C = 0.5
| May low C = 7.5
| Jun low C = 12.9
| Jul low C = 15.4
| Aug low C = 14.3
| Sep low C = 9.6
| Oct low C = 3.4
| Nov low C = -2.4
| Dec low C = -9.6
| year low C = 1.4
| Jan record low C = -35.6
| Feb record low C = -36.1
| Mar record low C = -30.6
| Apr record low C = -16.7
| May record low C = -5.6
| Jun record low C = -0.1
| Jul record low C = 5.0
| Aug record low C = 2.6
| Sep record low C = -3.0
| Oct record low C = -8.0
| Nov record low C = -21.7
| Dec record low C = -34.4
| year record low C = -36.1
| Jan chill = −47.8
| Feb chill = −47.6
| Mar chill = −42.7
| Apr chill = −26.3
| May chill = −10.9
| Jun chill = 0.0
| Jul chill = 0.0
| Aug chill = 0.0
| Sep chill = −6.4
| Oct chill = −13.3
| Nov chill = −29.5
| Dec chill = −44.6
| year chill = -47.8
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 70.4
| Feb precipitation mm = 49.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 66.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 81.3
| May precipitation mm = 74.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 96.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 88.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 79.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 89.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 87.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 73.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 72.4
| year precipitation mm = 929.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 29.3
| Feb rain mm = 14.5
| Mar rain mm = 34.6
| Apr rain mm = 69.6
| May rain mm = 74.5
| Jun rain mm = 96.8
| Jul rain mm = 88.5
| Aug rain mm = 79.0
| Sep rain mm = 90.6
| Oct rain mm = 84.7
| Nov rain mm = 60.5
| Dec rain mm = 34.7
| year rain mm = 757.2
| snow colour = green
| Jan snow cm = 59.2
| Feb snow cm = 48.5
| Mar snow cm = 38.8
| Apr snow cm = 12.2
| May snow cm = 0.2
| Jun snow cm = 0.0
| Jul snow cm = 0.0
| Aug snow cm = 0.0
| Sep snow cm = 0.0
| Oct snow cm = 2.7
| Nov snow cm = 20.7
| Dec snow cm = 49.6
| year snow cm = 231.9
| unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
| unit rain days = 0.2 mm
| unit snow days = 0.2 cm
| Jan precipitation days = 16.7
| Feb precipitation days = 13.0
| Mar precipitation days = 12.6
| Apr precipitation days = 12.1
| May precipitation days = 13.4
| Jun precipitation days = 13.9
| Jul precipitation days = 12.1
| Aug precipitation days = 11.2
| Sep precipitation days = 12.4
| Oct precipitation days = 14.1
| Nov precipitation days = 14.4
| Dec precipitation days = 16.7
| year precipitation days = 162.7
| Jan rain days = 4.9
| Feb rain days = 3.7
| Mar rain days = 6.8
| Apr rain days = 11.0
| May rain days = 13.4
| Jun rain days = 13.9
| Jul rain days = 12.1
| Aug rain days = 11.2
| Sep rain days = 12.3
| Oct rain days = 13.6
| Nov rain days = 10.5
| Dec rain days = 6.6
| year rain days = 120.0
| Jan snow days = 16.4
| Feb snow days = 12.9
| Mar snow days = 8.6
| Apr snow days = 3.2
| May snow days = 0.13
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.87
| Nov snow days = 6.5
| Dec snow days = 13.9
| year snow days = 62.3
| humidity colour = green
| time day = 15:00
| Jan humidity = 68.4
| Feb humidity = 62.0
| Mar humidity = 57.0
| Apr humidity = 49.5
| May humidity = 49.5
| Jun humidity = 53.5
| Jul humidity = 54.2
| Aug humidity = 55.3
| Sep humidity = 58.4
| Oct humidity = 61.6
| Nov humidity = 66.9
| Dec humidity = 72.3
| year humidity = 59.1
| Jan sun = 122.4
| Feb sun = 114.1
| Mar sun = 168.5
| Apr sun = 187.5
| May sun = 210.5
| Jun sun = 274.0
| Jul sun = 301.4
| Aug sun = 231.9
| Sep sun = 211.5
| Oct sun = 148.8
| Nov sun = 92.4
| Dec sun = 68.8
| year sun = 2131.7
| Jan percentsun = 43.1
| Feb percentsun = 39.0
| Mar percentsun = 45.7
| Apr percentsun = 46.3
| May percentsun = 45.7
| Jun percentsun = 58.6
| Jul percentsun = 63.7
| Aug percentsun = 53.1
| Sep percentsun = 56.1
| Oct percentsun = 43.7
| Nov percentsun = 32.2
| Dec percentsun = 25.2
| year percentsun = 46.0
| source 1 = [[Environment Canada]] (sunshine 1981–2010)<ref name=CCN>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927043627/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=191000000&dispBack=0 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=191000000&dispBack=0 |title=Ottawa (Airport), Ontario |work=Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><ref name=CCNairport1981>{{cite web |publisher=Environment Canada |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4337 |title=Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010 Station Data: Ottawa, Ontario |date=31 October 2011 |access-date=17 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610225253/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4337 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=climate>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/ONT/ONT_GORE-OTTA_ENG.csv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718042915/ftp://ftp.tor.ec.gc.ca/Pub/Normals/English/ONT/ONT_GORE-OTTA_ENG.csv |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2020 |title=1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals |publisher=Environment Canada |id=Climate ID: 6106000 |date=2 July 2013 |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref><ref name=OttawaAirportextremes>
{{cite web
| url = https://dd.weather.gc.ca/climate/ltce/daily/temperature/ON/climate_LTCE_Temperature-Records_ON_VSON52V.csv
| title = Long Term Climate Extremes for Ottawa Richmond-Metcalfe (Virtual Station ID: VSON118)
| work = Daily climate records (LTCE)
| publisher = Environment Canada
| access-date = April 6, 2025}}</ref><ref name="July18Hmdx">{{cite web |url=https://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/electrictiy-use-to-hit-highest-in-years-this-week-southern-eastern-ontario-energy-heat-wave-temperatures-humidex-ieso-ac-air-conditioning/105857 |title=Electricity use to hit highest in years this week in Ontario |publisher=The Weather Network |date=2 July 2018 |access-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703133542/https://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/electrictiy-use-to-hit-highest-in-years-this-week-southern-eastern-ontario-energy-heat-wave-temperatures-humidex-ieso-ac-air-conditioning/105857 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| date = July 2013
}}

=== Physical geography ===
[[File:Downtown Ottawa 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Downtown Ottawa]] is situated on the south bank of the [[Ottawa River]] with neighbouring [[Gatineau]] in the background across the river.]]
Ottawa is situated on the south bank of the Ottawa River and contains the mouths of the [[Rideau River]] and [[Rideau Canal]].<ref name="RipleyDana1875">{{cite book |author1=George Ripley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733 |title=The American Cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge |author2=Charles Anderson Dana |publisher=Appleton |year=1875 |page=733 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528212025/https://books.google.com/books?id=KshPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733 |archive-date=28 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Rideau Canal (Rideau Waterway) first opened in 1832 and is {{cvt|202|km}} long.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parks Canada Agency |first=Government of Canada |date=17 April 2019 |title=History and culture - Rideau Canal National Historic Site |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/on/rideau/histoire-history |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=www.pc.gc.ca |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419032921/https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/on/rideau/histoire-history |url-status=live}}</ref> It connects the Saint Lawrence River on Lake Ontario at Kingston to the Ottawa River near Parliament Hill. It was able to bypass the unnavigable sections of the [[Cataraqui River|Cataraqui]] and Rideau rivers and various small lakes along the waterway due to flooding techniques and the construction of 47 water transport [[Lock (water transport)|locks.]]

Ottawa is situated in a lowland on top of [[Paleozoic]] carbonate and shale and is surrounded by more craggy [[Precambrian]] igneous and metamorphic formations. Ottawa has had fluvial [[Deposition (geology)|deposition]] of [[till]] and sands, leading to the widespread formation of [[esker]]s. There are limited distinct features arising from glacial deposits, but Ottawa was affected by the [[Wisconsin glaciation|Late Wisconsian advance]]. Before the draining of the Champlain Sea, the area had high salinity. After the draining of the sea, the area had pine-dominated forests.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Natural Resources Canada |date=7 December 2015 |title=GEOSCAN Search Results: Fastlink |url=https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/starweb/geoscan/servlet.starweb?path=geoscan/fulle.web&search1=R=122374#:~:text=The%20Ottawa%20region%20is%20a,Precambrian%20igneous%20and%20metamorphic%20rocks. |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923212910/https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/starweb/geoscan/servlet.starweb?path=geoscan/fulle.web&search1=R=122374#:~:text=The%20Ottawa%20region%20is%20a,Precambrian%20igneous%20and%20metamorphic%20rocks. |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa is located within the [[Western Quebec Seismic Zone]], and while relatively inactive, the city does occasionally experience earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Natural Resources Canada |title=Earthquake zones in Eastern Canada |url=https://earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/zones/eastcan-en.php#WQSZ |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901035350/http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/zones/eastcan-en.php#WQSZ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Earthquake2000">{{cite web |title=Earthquakes (Ottawa) |url=http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/products-services/mapping-product/geoscape/ottawa/6174 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102203/http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/products-services/mapping-product/geoscape/ottawa/6174 |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Natural Resources Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 February 2006 |title=Earthquake shakes Ottawa |newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=24de3df5-eb4b-41de-8a31-9eb3ea0ed480&k=77474 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213171831/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=24de3df5-eb4b-41de-8a31-9eb3ea0ed480&k=77474 |archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="Earthquake2010">{{cite web |date=23 June 2010 |title=Magnitude 5.5 – Ontario-Quebec Border Region, Canada |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010xwa7.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626024653/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010xwa7.php |archive-date=26 June 2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 May 2013 |title=Earthquake shakes Ottawa |publisher=[[CTV Television Network|CTV]] |url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/earthquake-rattles-residents-in-ontario-quebec-1.1285923 |url-status=live |access-date=17 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518200929/http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/earthquake-rattles-residents-in-ontario-quebec-1.1285923 |archive-date=18 May 2013}}</ref>

=== Built environment ===
During part of the winter season the Ottawa section of the canal forms the world's largest skating rink, thereby providing both a recreational venue and a {{cvt|7.8|km}} transportation path to downtown for ice skaters (from Carleton University and Dow's Lake to the Rideau Centre and [[National Arts Centre]]).<ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=Rideau Canal Skateway – National Capital Commission:: |url=https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/places/rideau-canal-skateway |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=Canadian Heritage |archive-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118140436/https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/places/rideau-canal-skateway |url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 June 2007, the Rideau Canal was recognized as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rideau Canal |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906172404/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221 |archive-date=6 September 2011 |access-date=27 May 2011 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

The older part of the city (including what remains of Bytown) is known as [[Lower Town]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rodgers |first1=Richard |title=Ottawa's Lower Town |url=http://www.gta.igs.net/~rrodgers/lowertown/Lower_Town.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624122817/http://www.gta.igs.net/~rrodgers/lowertown/Lower_Town.htm |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=IGS}}</ref> and occupies an area between the canal and the rivers. Across the canal to the west lie both [[Centretown]] and [[Downtown Ottawa]], which share a border along Gloucester Street.<ref>{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |title=Centretown Community Design Plan, Part 1 |url=https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/documents/2centretowncdp_en.pdf |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114194609/https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/documents/2centretowncdp_en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> These core neighbourhoods contain streets such as [[Elgin Street (Ottawa)|Elgin]] and [[Bank Street (Ottawa)|Bank]], which fill the role of commercial [[High Street|main streets]] in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |date=20 July 2017 |title=Centretown Community Design Plan |url=https://ottawa.ca/en/centretown-community-design-plan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114194615/https://ottawa.ca/en/centretown-community-design-plan |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref>

Centretown is next to downtown, which includes a substantial economic and architectural government presence across multiple branches of government. The [[Parliament of Canada|legislature]]'s work takes place in the parliamentary precinct, which includes buildings on [[Parliament Hill]] and others downtown, such as the [[Senate of Canada Building]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=31 July 2015 |title=Discover the Parliamentary Precinct – Canada's Parliamentary Precinct - PSPC |url=https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/citeparlementaire-parliamentaryprecinct/decouvrez-discover/index-eng.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125422/https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/citeparlementaire-parliamentaryprecinct/decouvrez-discover/index-eng.html |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca}}</ref> Important buildings in the executive branch include the [[Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council]] as well as many civil service buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=2992 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507065321/https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=2992 |archive-date=7 May 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=www.pc.gc.ca |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Panico |first=Giacomo |date=1 November 2019 |title=Sparks Street's great divide bad for business, merchants say |work=CBC News Ottawa |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/sparks-street-s-great-divide-bad-for-business-merchants-say-1.5339340 |url-status=live |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101003444/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/sparks-street-s-great-divide-bad-for-business-merchants-say-1.5339340 |archive-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of Canada]] building can also be found in this area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Supreme Court of |date=1 January 2001 |title=Supreme Court of Canada - The Court - SCC Building |url=https://www.scc-csc.ca/court-cour/buil-edi-eng.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603161227/https://scc-csc.ca/court-cour/buil-edi-eng.aspx |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=www.scc-csc.ca}}</ref>

Across the Ottawa River, which forms the border between Ontario and [[Quebec]], lies the city of [[Gatineau]], itself the result of amalgamation of the former Quebec cities of [[Hull (Quebec)|Hull]] and [[Aylmer (Quebec)|Aylmer]].<ref name="RazinSmith2006">{{cite book |author1=Eran Razin |url=https://archive.org/details/metropolitangove00smit |title=Metropolitan governing: Canadian cases, comparative lessons |author2=Patrick J. Smith |publisher=University of Alberta |year=2006 |isbn=978-965-493-285-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/metropolitangove00smit/page/79 79] |access-date=15 November 2015 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Although formally and administratively separate cities in two different provinces, Ottawa and Gatineau (along with several nearby municipalities) collectively constitute the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]], which is considered a single metropolitan area.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=Consolidated federal laws of Canada, National Capital Act |url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/n-4/page-3.html#h-374470 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502032420/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/n-4/page-3.html#h-374470 |archive-date=2 May 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref> One federal [[Crown corporations of Canada|Crown corporation]], the National Capital Commission, or NCC, has significant land holdings in both cities, including sites of historical and touristic importance.<ref name=":4" /> The NCC, through its responsibility for planning and development of these lands, has a crucial role in shaping the development of the city.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Erickson |first=Donna L |date=2004 |title=The relationship of historic city form and contemporary greenway implementation: a comparison of Milwaukee, Wisconsin (USA) and Ottawa, Ontario (Canada) |journal=Landscape and Urban Planning |volume=68 |issue=2–3 |pages=206 |citeseerx=10.1.1.508.4274 |doi=10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00160-9 |bibcode=2004LUrbP..68..199E |s2cid=86215921 |issn=0169-2046}}</ref> Around the main urban area is an extensive [[Green belt|greenbelt]], administered by the NCC for conservation and leisure, and comprising mostly forest, farmland and marshland.<ref name="BrownMitchell2005">{{cite book |title=The protected landscape approach: linking nature, culture and community |publisher=IUCN—The World Conservation Union |year=2005 |isbn=978-2-8317-0797-6 |editor1=Jessica Brown |page=195 |editor2=Nora J. Mitchell |editor3=Michael Beresford}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{main|Demographics of Ottawa}}
[[File:Ottawa population pyramid in 2021.svg|thumb|Ottawa population pyramid in 2021]]
{{Historical populations
|title = Historic Population
|align = right

|footnote = Note: Population figures are extrapolated for current municipal boundaries Sources:<ref name="Census1901-1966">{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/get-know-your-city/statistics-and-economic-profile/data-handbook/population/4-population |title=Population Change, City of Ottawa, 1901–2006 |access-date=18 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522043711/http://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/get-know-your-city/statistics-and-economic-profile/data-handbook/population/4-population |archive-date=22 May 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1971>{{cite web |url=http://www.geologyontario.mndmf.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/OFR5218/OFR5218.pdf |title=Resources of construction aggregate in the regional municipality of Ottawa-Carleton |last1=Sado |first1=E. V. |last2=Vos |first2=M. A. |year=1976 |publisher=Ontario Division of Mines |access-date=9 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113838/http://www.geologyontario.mndmf.gov.on.ca/mndmfiles/pub/data/imaging/OFR5218/OFR5218.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Census1976>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/1976928311978engfra/1976928311978engfra_djvu.txt |title=Population, land area and population density : census division and subdivisions = Population, superficie et densité de la population: divisions et subdivisions de recensement |website=Internet Archive |year=1978 |access-date=9 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317225430/http://archive.org/stream/1976928311978engfra/1976928311978engfra_djvu.txt |archive-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="StatCan1981-1991">{{cite web |title=Search Censuses |url=http://estat.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ESTATFile=ESTAT/English/SC_RR-eng.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115211843/http://estat.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ESTATFile=ESTAT/English/SC_RR-eng.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 January 2013 |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=4 July 2012 |access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=StatCan2001>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All |title=2001 Community Profiles – Ottawa, Ontario (City) |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=1 February 2007 |access-date=22 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207062620/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|In early 2001, the Province of Ontario dissolved the former City of Ottawa by amalgamating it with eleven other municipalities to form a new City of Ottawa. The 1996 adjusted population of the amalgamated city published in the 2001 census was 721,136,<ref name=StatCan2001/> while the population of the dissolved former City of Ottawa in 2001 was 337,031.<ref name=StatCan2001dissolved>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506014&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=2001 Community Profiles – Ottawa, Ontario (City/Dissolved) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=1 February 2007 |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015164432/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506014&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |archive-date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>|name=amalgamation|group="N"}}<ref name=StatCan2006 /><ref name=CityPop /> [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ottawa_Census.png Chart format]
|1901|101102
|1911|123417
|1921|152868
|1931|174056
|1941|206367
|1951|246298
|1956|287244
|1961|358410
|1966|413695
|1971|471931
|1976|520533
|1981|546849
|1986|606639
|1991|678147
|[[Canada 1996 Census|1996]]|721136
|[[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|774072
|[[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|812129
|[[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|883391
|[[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|934243
|[[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|1017449
}}

In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Ottawa had a population of {{val|1017449|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|407252|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|427113|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:1017449-934243}}|934243|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|934243|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{cvt|2788.2|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|1017449|2788.2|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="2021census">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=9 February 2022 |access-date=27 March 2022 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512141434/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 |url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2021 the Ottawa-Gatineau [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) had a population of {{val|1488307|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|604721|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|638013|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:1488307-1371576}}|1371576|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|1371576|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{cvt|8046.99|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|1488307|8046.99|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="2021censusCMA">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=9 February 2022 |access-date=28 March 2022 |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327085922/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ottawa's median age of 40.1 is below the provincial and national averages as of 2016. Youths under 15 constituted 16.7% of the total population in 2016, while those of retirement age (65 years and older) made up 15.4%.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |publisher=Government of Canada |date=8 February 2017 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3506008&TABID=1 |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=Statistics Canada |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519023003/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3506008&TABID=1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] reported that [[Immigration to Canada|immigrants]] (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 259,215 persons or 25.9% of the total population of Ottawa. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were [[China]] (20,320 persons or 7.8%), [[India]] (16,200 persons or 6.2%), [[United Kingdom]] (14,760 persons or 5.7%), [[Lebanon]] (11,900 persons or 4.6%), [[Philippines]] (10,505 persons or 4.1%), [[United States of America]] (8,795 persons or 3.4%), [[Haiti]] (6,710 persons or 2.6%), [[Syria]] (6,370 persons or 2.5%), [[Vietnam]] (6,155 persons or 2.4%), and [[Iran]] (6,000 persons or 2.3%).<ref name="2021censusB" />

=== Race and ethnicity ===
As of 2021, approximately 64.9% of Ottawa's population were white or European, while 2.6% were [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]], and 32.5% were visible minorities (higher than the national percentage of 26.5%).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=26 October 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ottawa&DGUIDlist=2021A00053506008&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

===Religion===
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Ottawa included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=26 October 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053506008&SearchText=ottawa |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111073843/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053506008&SearchText=ottawa |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (528,700 persons or 52.8%)
* [[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (316,740 persons or 31.6%)
* [[Islam in Canada|Islam]] (98,920 persons or 9.9%)
* [[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] (20,300 persons or 2.0%)
* [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] (10,800 persons or 1.1%)
* [[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] (10,600 persons or 1.1%)
* [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] (6,375 persons or 0.6%)
* [[Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Spirituality]] (445 persons or <0.1%)
* Other (8,055 persons or 0.8%)

{{As of|2011|alt=In 2011}}, around 65% of Ottawa residents described themselves as Christian, with [[Catholicism|Catholics]] accounting for 38.5% of the population and members of [[Protestantism|Protestant]] churches 25%. Other religions were also present in Ottawa, the most prominent being [[Islam]] (6.7%), [[Hinduism]] (1.4%), [[Buddhism]] (1.3%), and [[Judaism]] (1.2%). Those with no religious affiliation represented 22.8%.<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca" />

===Language===
[[Bilingualism in Ottawa|Bilingualism]] became official policy for the conduct of municipal business in 2002,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/city_hall/policies/bilingualism_policy/index_en.html |title=Bilingualism Policy |publisher=City of Ottawa |year=2011 |access-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814023328/http://ottawa.ca/city_hall/policies/bilingualism_policy/index_en.html |archive-date=14 August 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and 37.6% of the population can speak both languages as of 2016, making it the largest city in Canada with both English and French as co-official languages.<ref name="Cheshire1991">{{cite book |author=Jenny Cheshire |title=English around the world: sociolinguistic perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifl9ajM20fMC&pg=PA134 |year=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-39565-6 |page=134 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426014433/https://books.google.com/books?id=ifl9ajM20fMC&pg=PA134 |archive-date=26 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Those who identify their mother tongue as [[English language|English]] constitute 62.4 percent, while those with [[French language|French]] as their mother tongue make up 14.2 percent of the population. Regarding respondents' knowledge of one or both official languages, 59.9 percent and 1.5 percent of the population know English and French only, respectively, while 37.2 percent know both official languages. The overall Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) has a larger proportion of French speakers than Ottawa since Gatineau's population's first language is mostly French. However, Gatineau is also the most bilingual city in Canada, making the region one of the most bilingual. An additional 20.4 percent of the population list languages other than English and French as their mother tongue. These include [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (3.2%), [[Chinese language|Chinese]] (3.0%), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (1.2%), [[Italian language|Italian]] (1.1%), and many others.<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3506008&TABID=1 |access-date=19 September 2014 |publisher=Statistics Canada |title=National Household Survey Profile, 2011 |date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808104756/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Data=Count&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3506008&TABID=1 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{see also|Economy of Ontario}}
[[File:TunneysPasture2022.jpg|thumb|Federal government buildings in [[Tunney's Pasture]]]]
As of 2015, the region of Ottawa-Gatineau has the sixth-highest total household income of all Canadian metropolitan areas ($82,053), and the Ontario portion more directly overlapping the City of Ottawa has a higher household income ($86,451).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/inc-rev/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=102&PR=0&D1=1&RPP=25&SR=1&S=104&O=D |title=Income Highlight Tables, 2016 Census |publisher=Government of Canada |date=8 February 2017 |website=Statistics Canada |access-date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930184727/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/inc-rev/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=102&PR=0&D1=1&RPP=25&SR=1&S=104&O=D |url-status=live}}</ref> The median household income after taxes in the City of Ottawa is $73,745 in 2016 was higher than the national median of $61,348.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Income&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Ottawa, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Canada [Country] |publisher=Government of Canada |date=8 February 2017 |website=Statistics Canada |access-date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806033705/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Income&TABID=1&type=0 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa's unemployment rate has remained below the national and provincial unemployment rates since 2006, with a rate of 5.2% in April 2022, low compared to the decade preceding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Labour Force & Employment |url=https://www.ottawainsights.ca/themes/employment-and-opportunity/employment/ |access-date=24 July 2022 |website=Ottawa Insights |language=en-US |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529023344/https://www.ottawainsights.ca/themes/employment-and-opportunity/employment/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Big job gains in April produce record employment levels for the region |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/ottawas-jobless-rate-falls-to-4-6-per-cent-in-april |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517012942/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/ottawas-jobless-rate-falls-to-4-6-per-cent-in-april |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019 [[Mercer Human Resource Consulting|Mercer]] ranks Ottawa with the third highest quality of living of any Canadian city, and 19th highest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/quality-of-living-rankings |title=Quality of Living City Ranking {{!}} Mercer |website=mobilityexchange.mercer.com |access-date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418074611/https://mobilityexchange.mercer.com/Insights/quality-of-living-rankings |url-status=live}}</ref> It is also rated the second cleanest city in Canada, and third cleanest city in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mercer.com/qualityoflivingpr |title=Eco-City Ranking |publisher=Mercer.com |date=16 August 2010 |access-date=30 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622141236/http://www.mercer.com/qualityoflivingpr |archive-date=22 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ottawa's primary employers are the [[Public Service of Canada]] and the high-tech industry, although tourism and healthcare also represent increasingly sizeable economic activities. The federal government is the city's largest employer, employing over 116,000 individuals from the National Capital Region.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |date=2016 |title=Employment Survey |url=https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/employment_survey_2106_en.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031194518/https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/employment_survey_2106_en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The national headquarters for many federal departments are in Ottawa, particularly throughout Centretown and in the [[Terrasses de la Chaudière]] and [[Place du Portage]] complexes in Hull. The [[National Defence Headquarters (Canada)|National Defence Headquarters]] in Ottawa is the main command centre for the [[Canadian Armed Forces]]. It hosts the [[Department of National Defence (Canada)|Department of National Defence]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.macleans.ca/general/six-year-long-consolidation-of-national-defence-headquarters-given-green-light/ |work=Maclean's |title=Six-year consolidation of National Defence Headquarters given green light |agency=Canadian Press |date=13 December 2013 |access-date=20 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129114337/http://www.macleans.ca/general/six-year-long-consolidation-of-national-defence-headquarters-given-green-light/ |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the summer, the city hosts the [[Ceremonial Guard (Canada)|Ceremonial Guard]], which performs functions such as the [[Changing the Guard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/ceremonial-guard/about.page |access-date=19 September 2014 |title=About the Ceremonial Guard |publisher=Government of Canada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916233349/http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/ceremonial-guard/about.page |archive-date=16 September 2014}}</ref>

As Canada's national capital, tourism is an important part of Ottawa's economy, particularly after the [[150th anniversary of Canada]], centred in Ottawa. The lead-up to the festivities saw much investment in civic infrastructure, upgrades to tourist infrastructure and increases in national cultural attractions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sali |first=David |date=25 May 2018 |title=Ottawa Business Journal |url=https://www.obj.ca/article/armed-fresh-funding-ottawa-tourism-sector-avoiding-canada-150-hangover |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725005221/https://www.obj.ca/article/armed-fresh-funding-ottawa-tourism-sector-avoiding-canada-150-hangover |url-status=dead}}</ref> The National Capital Region annually attracts an estimated 22 million tourists, who spend about 2.2 billion dollars and support 30,600 jobs directly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic impact study |url=https://ottawatourism.ca/en/destination-development/research/economic-impact-study |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Ottawa Tourism |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725005221/https://ottawatourism.ca/en/destination-development/research/economic-impact-study |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=interVISTAS |publisher=City of Ottawa |title=Economic Impact of Tourism in Ottawa |url=https://ottawatourism.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/2020-06/Economic-Impact-of-Tourism-in-Ottawa-Executive-Summary.pdf |publication-date=2020 |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031181102/https://ottawatourism.ca/sites/default/files/media/documents/2020-06/Economic-Impact-of-Tourism-in-Ottawa-Executive-Summary.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:KanataResearchPark.jpg|thumb|[[Kanata Research Park]] is Canada's largest technology park.]]
In addition to the economic activities that come with being the national capital, Ottawa is an important technology centre; in 2015, its 1800 companies employed approximately 63,400 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tech jobs near all-time high as Region's jobless rate hits 6.8% |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/business/Tech+jobs+near+time+high+Region+jobless+rate+hits/9819243/story.html |website=www.ottawacitizen.com |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024433/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/business/Tech+jobs+near+time+high+Region+jobless+rate+hits/9819243/story.html |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The concentration of companies in this industry earned the city the nickname of "Silicon Valley North."<ref name="Shavinina2004" /> Most of these companies specialize in [[telecommunications]], [[software development]] and [[environmental technology]]. Large technology companies such as Nortel, Corel, [[Mitel]], [[Cognos]], [[Halogen Software]], [[Shopify]] and [[JDS Uniphase]] were founded in the city.<ref name="TreviñoDoutriaux2006j">{{cite book |author1=Leonel Corona Treviño |author2=Jérôme Doutriaux |author3=Sarfraz A. Mian |title=Building knowledge regions in North America: emerging technology innovation poles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rjok73CxF4C&pg=PA101 |year=2006 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-84542-430-5 |page=101 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430040144/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rjok73CxF4C&pg=PA101 |archive-date=30 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa also has regional locations for [[Nokia]], [[3M]], [[Adobe Systems]], [[Bell Canada]], [[IBM]] and [[Hewlett-Packard]].<ref name="NovakowskiTremblay2007x">{{cite book |author1=Nick Novakowski |author2=Rémy Tremblay |title=Perspectives on Ottawa's High-tech Sector |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3EC4nqKcmIC&pg=PA43 |year=2007 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-90-5201-370-1 |pages=43–71 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513081027/https://books.google.com/books?id=g3EC4nqKcmIC&pg=PA43 |archive-date=13 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Many of the telecommunications and new technology are in the western part of the city (formerly Kanata). The "tech sector" was doing particularly well in 2015/2016.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Allison |date=8 February 2017 |title=Canada Census 2016: Ontario growth still slowing, but those who went West might soon be back |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada-census-2016-ontario-growth-still-slowing-but-those-who-went-west-might-soon-be-back |newspaper=National Post |location=Toronto |access-date=8 February 2017 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105224008/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Demographics2002">{{cite web |title=2006 City of Ottawa Health Status Report |publisher=Ottawa Public Health |url=http://ottawa.ca/doc_repository/reports/hsr_2006_en.pdf |year=2006 |access-date=7 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118093314/http://ottawa.ca/doc_repository/reports/hsr_2006_en.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>
[[Nordion]], [[i-Stat]] and the National Research Council of Canada and [[OHRI]] are part of the growing life science sector.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/statistics/data_handbook/economics/table_40_en.html |title=City of Ottawa – 40. Major Employers in City of Ottawa, 2006 |publisher=Ottawa.ca |access-date=2 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128071342/http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/statistics/data_handbook/economics/table_40_en.html |archive-date=28 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ocri.ca/lifesciences |title=OCRI | Life Sciences |publisher=Ocri.ca |access-date=2 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807095155/http://ocri.ca/lifesciences |archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref>

The health sector is another major employer, which employs over 18,000 people in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/statistics/data_handbook/economics/table_40_en.html |title=City of Ottawa – 40. Major Employers in City of Ottawa, 2006 |publisher=Ottawa.ca |year=2008 |access-date=3 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128071342/http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/statistics/data_handbook/economics/table_40_en.html |archive-date=28 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Business, finance, administration, and sales and service rank high among types of occupations.<ref name="StatCan2006">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=Community Profiles from the 2006 Census – Ottawa, Ontario (City) |date=6 December 2010 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=22 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918013647/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3506008&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |archive-date=18 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately ten percent of Ottawa's GDP is derived from finance, insurance and real estate whereas employment in goods-producing industries is only half the national average.<ref name="CommunityFoundations2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.communityfoundationottawa.ca/documents/VitalSigns2010.pdf |title=Ottawa's Vital Signs 2010 |publisher=Community Foundation of Ottawa |year=2010 |access-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717033748/http://www.communityfoundationottawa.ca/documents/VitalSigns2010.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The City of Ottawa is the second largest employer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myjobsite.ca/images/CanaData_Labour_Market_Report.pdf |title=CanaData – The Industrial Structure of Canada's Major City Labour Markets |publisher=Reed Construction Data |date=November 2009 |access-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119050135/http://www.myjobsite.ca/images/CanaData_Labour_Market_Report.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="OttawaCompensation">{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/financial/lrfp3/financial_profile/part_a/compensation_en.html |title=City of Ottawa – Compensation |publisher=ottawa.ca |access-date=5 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230190053/http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/financial/lrfp3/financial_profile/part_a/compensation_en.html |archive-date=30 December 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> with approximately 2,100 people employed by the Ottawa Police service, and 13,300 full-time equivalent non-police employees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full-time Equivalent (FTE) Count - 2019 |url=https://open.ottawa.ca/documents/ottawa::full-time-equivalent-fte-count-2019/about |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=open.ottawa.ca |language=en-us |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725005221/https://open.ottawa.ca/documents/ottawa::full-time-equivalent-fte-count-2019/about |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=About Us |url=https://www.ottawapolice.ca/en/About-Us.aspx |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.ottawapolice.ca |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811165905/https://www.ottawapolice.ca/en/About-Us.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2016, Ottawa experienced an increase of 10,000 jobs over the 2012 average growth, which was relatively slower than in the late 1990s.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |title=Annual Development Report 2008 |url=https://app06.ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/pec/2009/06-23/ADR%202008.pdf |date=May 2009 |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806033112/https://app06.ottawa.ca/calendar/ottawa/citycouncil/pec/2009/06-23/ADR%202008.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> All major clusters tracked by the city saw increases in employment between 2014 and 2019.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=City of Ottawa |date=2021 |title=2020 Annual Development Report |url=https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/2020_devreport_en.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725005216/https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/2020_devreport_en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Major areas of growth in the 2010s included local and federal administration, finance and accommodation.<ref name=":9" /> Between 2008 and 2020, there was growth in the number of government employees and a reduction in high-tech jobs, a reversal of previous trends from 2003 to 2008.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />

Ottawa already has the largest rural economy among Canada's major cities.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=City of Ottawa ups spending on its rural economy |url=https://obj.ca/article/city-ottawa-ups-spending-its-rural-economy |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=Ottawa Business Journal |date=9 March 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113191956/https://obj.ca/article/city-ottawa-ups-spending-its-rural-economy |url-status=live}}</ref> In Ottawa, the rural economy contributes over $1 billion to the GDP. Agriculture alone accounts for $400 million, $136.7 million of which is farm-gate sales.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khamsehzadeh |first=Armin |title=Ottawa Economy |url=https://ottawa-agent.ca/blog/ |access-date=9 November 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109211359/https://ottawa-agent.ca/blog/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Rural economic activity includes agriculture, retail sales, construction, forestry and mining (aggregates), tourism, manufacturing, personal and business services, and transportation, to name a few. Rural employment expanded by a healthy 18% from 1996 to 2001.<ref name=":2" />

=== Media ===
{{further|Media in Ottawa–Gatineau}}
Three main daily local newspapers are printed in Ottawa: two English newspapers, the ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' established as ''the Bytown Packet'' in 1845 and the ''[[Ottawa Sun]]'', and one French newspaper, ''[[Le Droit]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2015 |title=Find a Newspaper |url=https://nmc-mic.ca/about-us/find-a-newspaper/?town=Ottawa&staff=&city=&province=&language=&publication_type=&owner=&owner=&ser=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109033552/https://nmc-mic.ca/about-us/find-a-newspaper/?town=Ottawa&staff=&city=&province=&language=&publication_type=&owner=&owner=&ser=1 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=14 December 2018 |publisher=News Media Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottawa Newspapers |url=https://www.all-about-ottawa.com/ottawa-newspapers/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.all-about-ottawa.com |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031035121/https://www.all-about-ottawa.com/ottawa-newspapers/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is also home to local stations of the television broadcast networks and systems [[CBC News|CBC]] and [[CTV Television Network|CTV]], as well as English and French radio stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cjroradio {{!}} Ottawa {{!}} Community Radio station |url=https://www.cjroradio.com/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034331/https://www.cjroradio.com/about |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=cjroradio |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nouvelles d'Ottawa-Gatineau, météo et plus {{!}} ICI Radio-Canada.ca |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ottawa-gatineau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712043745/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/ottawa-gatineau |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=Radio-Canada |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch CTV News {{!}} Local Video {{!}} CTV News Ottawa |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/video?binId=1.1164587 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705205547/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/video?binId=1.1164587 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=ottawa.ctvnews.ca |language=en}}</ref>

In addition to the market's local media services, Ottawa is home to several national media operations, including [[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]] (Canada's national [[legislature broadcaster]])<ref>{{cite web |title=About CPAC |url=http://www.cpac.ca/en/about-cpac/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720165531/http://www.cpac.ca/en/about-cpac/ |archive-date=20 July 2018 |access-date=20 July 2018 |website=[[CPAC (TV channel)|CPAC]]}}</ref> and the parliamentary bureau staff of virtually all of Canada's major newsgathering organizations in television, radio and print. The city is also home to the head office of the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Broadcasting Centre {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-broadcasting-centre |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130190404/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-broadcasting-centre |archive-date=30 January 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{Further|List of schools in Ottawa}}
[[File:UOttawa-Tabaret Hall-2008-05-05.jpg|thumb|Established in 1848, the [[University of Ottawa]] is the oldest post-secondary institution in the city.]]
[[File:CarletonUniversity2022.jpg|thumb|[[Carleton University]] in 2022]]
[[File:USP 2016.tif|thumb|[[Saint Paul University]]]]

=== Primary and secondary education ===
Ottawa has four main public school boards: English, English-Catholic, French, and French-Catholic. The English-language [[Ottawa-Carleton District School Board]] (OCDSB) is the largest board with 147 schools,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ocdsb-About Ocdsb |url=http://www.ocdsb.ca/ab-ocdsb/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412075944/http://www.ocdsb.ca/AB-OCDSB/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=12 April 2011 |access-date=13 March 2011 |publisher=Ocdsb.ca}}</ref> followed by the English-Catholic [[Ottawa Catholic School Board]] with 85 schools.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 May 2010 |title=Ottawa Catholic School Board |url=http://www.ottawacatholicschools.ca/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311053908/http://www.ottawacatholicschools.ca/ |archive-date=11 March 2011 |access-date=13 March 2011 |publisher=Ottawacatholicschools.ca}}</ref> The two French-language boards are the French-Catholic ''[[Conseil des écoles catholiques du Centre-Est]]'' with 49 schools,<ref>{{cite web |date=21 May 2004 |title=CECCE: Liste des écoles |url=http://www.ecolecatholique.ca/fr/53 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326171422/http://www.ecolecatholique.ca/fr/53 |archive-date=26 March 2011 |access-date=13 March 2011 |publisher=Conseil des écoles catholiques du Centre-Est}}</ref> and the French ''[[Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario]]'' with 37 schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accueil |url=http://www.cepeo.on.ca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411055314/http://www.cepeo.on.ca/ |archive-date=11 April 2011 |access-date=13 March 2011 |publisher=Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario}}</ref> Ottawa also has numerous [[private school]]s which are not part of a board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottawa Private Schools {{!}} Our Kids |url=https://www.ourkids.net/ottawa-private-schools.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803202954/https://www.ourkids.net/ottawa-private-schools.php |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=www.ourkids.net |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Ottawa Public Library]] was created in 1906 as part of the [[Carnegie library]] system.<ref>{{cite web |title=Notes from the Ottawa Room... The Carnegie Library – Ottawa's First Public Library – 100 Years Old on April 30, 2006 |url=http://24369.vws.magma.ca/connect/research/local/carnegie_library_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706184950/http://24369.vws.magma.ca/connect/research/local/carnegie_library_e.html |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=12 March 2011 |publisher=Ottawa Public Library}}</ref> {{As of|2008|lc=y}} the library system had 2.3 million items at its 34 branches and two mobile libraries.<ref>{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Strategic Directions and Priorities 2008–2011 |url=http://biblioottawalibrary.ca/archive/board/strat_plans/strategic_e.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607181537/http://biblioottawalibrary.ca/archive/board/strat_plans/strategic_e.pdf |archive-date=7 June 2011 |access-date=12 March 2011 |publisher=Ottawa Public Library}}</ref> Approximately 9.5 million loans were conducted in 2020, approximately 6.7 million physical loans and the remainder digital items.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report - 2021 {{!}} Ottawa Public Library |url=https://biblioottawalibrary.ca/en/annual-reports/2021/annual-report-2021 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=biblioottawalibrary.ca |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725044208/https://biblioottawalibrary.ca/en/annual-reports/2021/annual-report-2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Higher education and research ===
Ottawa is known as the most educated city in Canada, with over half the population having graduated from college and/or university.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quick Facts About Ottawa |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/glance/business_en.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305032251/http://www.ottawa.ca/city_hall/glance/business_en.html |archive-date=5 March 2010 |access-date=30 June 2010 |publisher=City of Ottawa}}</ref> Ottawa has the highest per capita concentration of [[engineer]]s, [[scientist]]s, and residents with [[PhD]]s in Canada.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zakaluzny |first=Roman |title=Where must Ottawa's tech sector go from here? |work=Ottawa Business Journal |url=http://www.ottawabusinessjournal.com/290233008271272.php |access-date=16 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061307/http://www.ottawabusinessjournal.com/290233008271272.php |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> The city has two main public universities and two main public colleges.

* [[Carleton University]] was founded in 1942 to meet the needs of returning World War II veterans and later became Ontario's first private, non-denominational college. Over time, Carleton transitioned into the highly ranked comprehensive university it is today.<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 University Rankings: Comprehensive results |url=http://www.macleans.ca/education/uniandcollege/2014-university-rankings-comprehensive-category-results/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929192923/http://www.macleans.ca/education/uniandcollege/2014-university-rankings-comprehensive-category-results/ |archive-date=29 September 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 |website=Maclean's|date=31 October 2013 }}</ref> The university's main campus sits between [[Old Ottawa South]] and Dow's Lake. Carleton's catholic [[Affiliated school|affiliated]] university college, is the Dominican University College.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trick |first=David |date=2015 |title=Affiliated and Federated Universities as Sources of University Differentation |url=https://heqco.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Formatted_Appendix_Trick_paper.pdf |website=Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630050430/https://heqco.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Formatted_Appendix_Trick_paper.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[University of Ottawa]] (originally named the "College of Bytown") was the first post-secondary institution established in the city in 1848. The university later grew to become the largest English-French bilingual university in the world.<ref name="Quick">{{cite web |title=University of Ottawa – Quick Facts 2014 |url=https://www.uottawa.ca/services/irp/docs/QF2014-EN-2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029033641/http://www.uottawa.ca/services/irp/docs/QF2014-EN-2.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 |publisher=University of Ottawa}}</ref> It is also a member of the [[U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities|U15]], a group of highly respected research-intensive universities in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 February 2011 |title=U15 Submission to the Expert Review Panel on Research and Development |url=http://rd-review.ca/eic/site/033.nsf/vwapj/sub198.pdf/$file/sub198.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313024055/http://rd-review.ca/eic/site/033.nsf/vwapj/sub198.pdf/$file/sub198.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=25 May 2012 |publisher=Review of Federal Support to R&D}}</ref> The university's main campus is in the [[Sandy Hill, Ottawa|Sandy Hill]] neighbourhood, just adjacent to the city's downtown core. The University of Ottawa's catholic [[Affiliated school|affiliated]] university college is [[Saint Paul University|St. Paul University]].
* [[Algonquin College]] is a college of applied arts and technology founded in 1967. Its main campus is located in the [[City View, Ottawa|City View]] neighbourhood of [[College Ward]]. The college serves the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]] and the outlying areas of [[Eastern Ontario]], Western [[Quebec]], and [[Upstate New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colleges in Ontario |url=https://www.ontariocolleges.ca/en/colleges |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ontariocolleges.ca |language=en |archive-date=13 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713235037/https://www.ontariocolleges.ca/en/colleges |url-status=live}}</ref> The college has satellite campuses in [[Pembroke, Ontario|Pembroke]] and [[Perth, Ontario|Perth]], as well as four international campuses through their international offshore partnerships.
* [[Collège La Cité]] is the largest French-language college in Ontario. Founded in 1989, its campus is located off the [[Aviation Parkway (Ottawa)|Aviation Parkway]] in the [[Carson Meadows]] neighbourhood. La Cité has a satellite campus in [[Hawkesbury, Ontario|Hawkesbury]] and a business office in [[Toronto]].

Other colleges and universities in the metropolitan area are located in the neighbouring suburb of Gatineau, including the [[Université du Québec en Outaouais|University of Quebec in Outaouais]], [[Cégep de l'Outaouais]], and [[Heritage College (Gatineau)|Heritage College]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Global Affairs |date=6 September 2018 |title=Map of colleges and universities |url=https://www.educanada.ca/programs-programmes/map-carte.aspx?lang=eng |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.educanada.ca |archive-date=19 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619221911/https://www.educanada.ca/programs-programmes/map-carte.aspx?lang=eng |url-status=live}}</ref>

Public health
{{See also|List of hospitals in Ottawa}}
[[File:Civic Hospital, Ottawa.JPG|right|thumb|The [[Ottawa Civic Hospital|Civic Hospital]] is one of three main campuses of [[The Ottawa Hospital]].]]

There are six active general medical hospitals in the city of Ottawa: The [[Queensway Carleton Hospital]], [[The Ottawa Hospital]] ([[Ottawa Civic Hospital|Civic Hospital]], [[Ottawa General Hospital|General Hospital]], [[Riverside Hospital of Ottawa|Riverside Hospital]]), [[Montfort Hospital]], and [[Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario]]. Several specialized hospital facilities are also present, such as the world-renowned [[University of Ottawa Heart Institute]], the [[Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre]], and Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finding healthcare |url=http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/public-health/healthcare/finding-healthcare#P46_1193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101055713/http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/public-health/healthcare/finding-healthcare#P46_1193 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |access-date=20 September 2014 |publisher=City of Ottawa}}</ref> There are also several hospitals and major medical centres in neighbouring suburban communities and commuter towns. The [[University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine]] operates [[teaching hospital]]s in conjunction with partners throughout the city.<ref name="uOttawa Med">{{cite web |title=Affiliated Teaching Hospitals |url=http://www.med.uottawa.ca/patho/eng/affiliated.html |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=uOttawa.ca |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811040203/http://www.med.uottawa.ca/patho/eng/affiliated.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ottawa is the headquarters of numerous major medical organizations and institutions such as [[Canadian Red Cross]], [[Canadian Blood Services]], [[Health Canada]], [[Canadian Medical Association]], [[Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]], [[Canadian Nurses Association]], and the [[Medical Council of Canada]].

==Culture and contemporary life==
[[File:Byward Market Sunset.jpg|thumb|[[ByWard Market]] is a retail and entertainment district in Downtown Ottawa.]]
Traditionally, the [[ByWard Market]] (in Lower Town), Parliament Hill and the [[Golden Triangle (Ottawa, Canada)|Golden Triangle]] (both in Centretown – Downtown) have been the focal points of the cultural scenes in Ottawa.{{sfn|Hale|2011|pp=59–60}} Modern thoroughfares such as [[Wellington Street (Ottawa)|Wellington Street]], [[Rideau Street]], [[Sussex Drive]], [[Elgin Street (Ottawa)|Elgin Street]], [[Bank Street (Ottawa)|Bank Street]], [[Somerset Street (Ottawa)|Somerset Street]], [[Preston Street (Ottawa)|Preston Street]], Richmond Road in [[Westboro, Ottawa|Westboro]], and [[Sparks Street]] are home to many boutiques, museums, theatres, galleries, landmarks and memorials in addition to eating establishments, cafes, bars and nightclubs.{{sfn|Hale|2011|pp=61–68}}

As Canada's capital, Ottawa has played host to many significant cultural events in [[Canadian history]], including the first visit of the reigning [[Monarchy of Canada|Canadian sovereign]]—[[George VI|King George VI]], with [[List of royal consorts of Canada|his consort]], [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]]—[[1939 royal tour of Canada|to his parliament, on 19 May 1939]].<ref name="BousfieldToffoli1989">{{cite book |author1=Arthur Bousfield |author2=Garry Toffoli |title=Royal spring: the royal tour of 1939 and the Queen Mother in Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Go5p_CN8UQC&pg=PA34 |year=1989 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-1-55002-065-6 |page=34 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425102153/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Go5p_CN8UQC&pg=PA34 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Victory in Europe Day|VE Day]] was marked with a large celebration on 8 May 1945,<ref name="Granatstein2005n">{{cite book |author=J. L. Granatstein |title=The last good war: an illustrated history of Canada in the Second World War, 1939–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastgoodwarillus0000gran |url-access=registration |date=21 March 2005 |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |isbn=978-1-55054-913-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lastgoodwarillus0000gran/page/223 223]– |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> the first raising of [[Flag of Canada|the country's new national flag]] took place on 15 February 1965,<ref name="Solski2006">{{cite book |author=Ruth Solski |title=Big Book of Canadian Celebrations: Grades 4–6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8s7-m6yOnwC&pg=PA83 |year=2006 |publisher=S&S Learning Materials |isbn=978-1-55035-851-3 |page=83 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425091723/https://books.google.com/books?id=w8s7-m6yOnwC&pg=PA83 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Canadian Centennial|centennial of Confederation]] was celebrated on 1 July 1967.<ref name="Ord2003">{{cite book |author=Douglas Ord |title=The National Gallery of Canada: ideas, art, architecture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIUPghtfGyIC&pg=PA369 |year=2003 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-2509-2 |page=369 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502120811/https://books.google.com/books?id=lIUPghtfGyIC&pg=PA369 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Queen [[Elizabeth II]] was in Ottawa on 17 April 1982, to issue a [[Proclamation|royal proclamation]] of the enactment of the [[Constitution Act, 1982|Constitution Act]].<ref name="Hayes2008">{{cite book |author=Derek Hayes |title=Canada: an illustrated history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hrkq7t_4080C&pg=PA271 |year=2008 |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |isbn=978-1-55365-259-5 |page=271 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020500/https://books.google.com/books?id=hrkq7t_4080C&pg=PA271 |archive-date=5 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1983, [[Prince Charles]] and [[Diana Princess of Wales]] came to Ottawa for a state dinner hosted by then Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/princess-di-across-canada/article2060598/ |title=Princess Di across Canada |work=Globe and Mail |date=22 June 2011 |access-date=25 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625121249/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/princess-di-across-canada/article2060598/ |archive-date=25 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Ottawa was selected as the first city to receive [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge]], and [[Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge]] during their [[2011 royal tour of Canada|tour of Canada]].<ref name="2011-06-30-HCH">{{cite news |title=Royal tour begins with unhurried walkabout |url=http://thechronicleherald.ca/Front/9021323.html |access-date=30 June 2011 |newspaper=The Chronicle-Herald |date=30 June 2011 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Halifax NS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702195512/http://thechronicleherald.ca/Front/9021323.html |archive-date=2 July 2011}}</ref>

Ottawa was featured in the short story collection ''[[For Your Eyes Only (short story collection)|For Your Eyes Only]]'', by [[Ian Fleming]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew King: For Our Eyes Only, tracking Bond in Ottawa |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/andrew-king-for-our-eyes-only-tracking-bond-in-ottawa |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316053149/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/andrew-king-for-our-eyes-only-tracking-bond-in-ottawa |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:War Memorial Guards Ottawa.jpg|alt=The National War Memorial|thumb|upright|The [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]]]]

===Landmarks===
{{main|List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Ottawa|List of designated heritage properties in Ottawa}}

There is one [[World Heritage Site]] in Ottawa, the [[Rideau Canal]], along with 25 [[National Historic Site of Canada|National Historic Sites of Canada]] in Ottawa, including the Château Laurier, the [[Parliament of Canada]], Confederation Square, the former Ottawa Teachers' College and [[Laurier House]]. Many other properties of cultural value have been designated as having "heritage elements" by the City of Ottawa under Part IV of the ''[[Ontario Heritage Act]]''.<ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Heritage Designation Program |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/planning/built_heritage/designation/index_en.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617044338/http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/planning/built_heritage/designation/index_en.html |archive-date=17 June 2011 |access-date=8 June 2011 |publisher=City of Ottawa}}</ref>

===Arts===
{{See also|List of attractions in Ottawa|List of museums in Ottawa}}
[[File:CanadianMuseumofNature2010-05-19.JPG|thumb|The [[Canadian Museum of Nature]] is Canada's national museum of [[natural history]] and [[natural science]].]]

==== Performing and visual arts ====
The [[Ottawa Little Theatre]], founded in 1913 as the Ottawa Drama League, is Ottawa's longest-running community theatre company.{{sfn|Hale|2011|p=60}} Since 1969, Ottawa has been the home of the National Arts Centre, a major performing arts venue that houses four stages and is home to the [[National Arts Centre Orchestra]], the [[Ottawa Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Opera Lyra Ottawa]].<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 1970 |title=NAC History |url=http://www.nac-cna.ca/en/about/nachistory/index.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621090354/http://nac-cna.ca/en/about/nachistory/index.cfm |archive-date=21 June 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=National Arts Centre}}</ref>

Established in 1975, the [[Great Canadian Theatre Company]] specializes in the production of Canadian plays at a local level.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2011 |title=Great Canadian Theatre Company |url=http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Great%20Canadian%20Theatre%20Company |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044118/http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Great%20Canadian%20Theatre%20Company |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=1 September 2011 |publisher=Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia}}</ref> The cities museum landscape is notable for containing six of Canada's nine national museums, the [[Canada Agriculture Museum|Canada Agriculture and Food Museum]], the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]], the [[Canada Science and Technology Museum]], Canadian Museum of Nature, [[Canadian War Museum]] and National Gallery of Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=City of Ottawa – Museums and History |url=http://ottawa.ca/visitors/what_to_do/museums_history_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530162324/http://www.ottawa.ca/visitors/what_to_do/museums_history_en.html |archive-date=30 May 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=City of Ottawa}}</ref> The [[National Gallery of Canada]]; designed by famous architect [[Moshe Safdie]], it is a permanent home to the [[Maman (sculpture)|''Maman'']] sculpture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawatourism.ca/old/de/visitors/attractions/fast-facts-ottawa/366-fast-facts-national-gallery |title=National Gallery of Canada – Ottawa Tourism Official Site |publisher=Ottawatourism.ca |access-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006194316/http://www.ottawatourism.ca/old/de/visitors/attractions/fast-facts-ottawa/366-fast-facts-national-gallery |archive-date=6 October 2011}}</ref> The [[Canadian War Museum]] houses over 3.75 million artifacts and was moved to an expanded facility in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.warmuseum.ca/about-us/corporation/about-the-corporation/about-the-canadian-museum-of-civilization-corporation/ |title=WarMuseum.ca – About the Museum – Mission |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=7 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027150013/http://www.warmuseum.ca/about-us/corporation/about-the-corporation/about-the-canadian-museum-of-civilization-corporation/ |archive-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Canadian Museum of Nature was built in 1905, and underwent a major renovation between 2004 and 2010, leading to a centrepiece Blue Whale skeleton, and the creation of a monthly nightclub experience, ''Nature Nocturne''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Canada |url=http://nature.ca/en/about-us/history-buildings/museum-history |title=Museum History | Canadian Museum of Nature |publisher=Nature.ca |date=19 January 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109032533/http://nature.ca/en/about-us/history-buildings/museum-history |archive-date=9 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=CBC News Ottawa |date=2012 |title=Museum of Nature to transform into nightclub |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/museum-of-nature-to-transform-into-nightclub-1.1242324 |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022939/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/museum-of-nature-to-transform-into-nightclub-1.1242324 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2010 |title=Rare blue whale skeleton on display at Ottawa's Canadian Museum of Nature |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/travel/2010/06/04/rare_blue_whale_skeleton_on_display_at_ottawas_canadian_museum_of_nature.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=thestar.com |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022939/https://www.thestar.com/life/travel/2010/06/04/rare_blue_whale_skeleton_on_display_at_ottawas_canadian_museum_of_nature.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
Ottawa is home to several regional dishes. As a city with traditional French-Canadian roots, staples such as [[poutine]] are served throughout the city. However, many consider [[shawarma]] Ottawa's official dish;<ref name="Official dish">{{cite news |title=Ottawa's official food: What dish defines us? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-official-food-donair-shawarma-1.3356996 |access-date=20 August 2022 |agency=CBC |publisher=CBC News |date=9 December 2015 |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820051943/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-official-food-donair-shawarma-1.3356996 |url-status=live}}</ref> the city contains more shawarma restaurants than anywhere else in Canada.<ref name="Shawarma Capital">{{cite web |last1=Deachman |first1=Bruce |title=Shawarma: the staple of Ottawa cuisine |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/shawarma-the-staple-of-ottawa-cuisine |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |access-date=20 August 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119004455/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/shawarma-the-staple-of-ottawa-cuisine |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is also home to "Ottawa-style" [[pizza]], consisting usually of a thicker doughy crust and slightly spicy pizza sauce, with the toppings baked under a heavy layer of cheese, keeping the toppings soft.<ref name="Ottawa style pizza.">{{cite web |last1=Gankina |first1=Sonya |title=Ottawa Pizza Podcast celebrates the uniqueness of Ottawa-style pizza |url=https://apt613.ca/ottawa-pizza-podcast-celebrates-the-uniqueness-of-ottawa-style-pizza/ |website=Apt 613 |access-date=20 August 2022 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810070716/https://apt613.ca/ottawa-pizza-podcast-celebrates-the-uniqueness-of-ottawa-style-pizza/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fried dough|Beaver tails]], a fried dough pastry, were first created in Ottawa in the 1970s. [[Le Cordon Bleu]] has a long-established culinary arts institute in the central Ottawa neighbourhood of Sandy Hill, the only Le Cordon Bleu campus in North America.<ref name="Le Cordon Bleu">{{cite web |title=Le Cordon Bleu |url=https://www.cordonbleu.edu/ottawa/en |website=Le Cordon Bleu |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816035134/https://www.cordonbleu.edu/ottawa/en |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Ice slide Winterlude Ottawa 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Winterlude]] is an annual [[winter festival]] held in Ottawa.]]

===Festivals===
{{See also|List of festivals in Ottawa}}

Ottawa hosts a variety of annual seasonal activities—such as [[Winterlude]], the largest festival in Canada,<ref>{{cite web |last=Buckland |first=Jason |date=4 July 2010 |title=2. Winterlude – Biggest festivals in Canada |url=http://money.ca.msn.com/savings-debt/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=24740236&page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153634/http://money.ca.msn.com/savings-debt/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=24740236&page=7 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=13 July 2011 |publisher=Money.ca.msn.com}}</ref> and [[Canada Day]] celebrations on Parliament Hill and surrounding downtown area, as well as [[Ottawa Bluesfest|Bluesfest]], [[Canadian Tulip Festival]], [[Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival]], [[Ottawa International Jazz Festival]], [[Ottawa Fringe Festival|Fringe Festival]], [[Capital Pride (Ottawa)|Capital Pride]], and [[CityFolk Festival]], that have grown to become some of the largest festivals of their kind in the world.<ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Ottawa Bluesfest |url=http://www.ottawa-information-guide.com/ottawa-bluesfest.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704093409/http://www.ottawa-information-guide.com/ottawa-bluesfest.html |archive-date=4 July 2011 |access-date=29 June 2011 |publisher=Ottawa-Information-Guide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Clapperton |first1=Nina |title=Ottawa Tulip Festival |url=https://ninaoutandabout.ca/canadian-ottawa-tulip-festival/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410012548/https://ninaoutandabout.ca/canadian-ottawa-tulip-festival/ |archive-date=10 April 2022 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=Nina Out and About}}</ref> In 2010, Ottawa's Festival industry received the [[International Festivals and Events Association|IFEA]] "World Festival and Event City Award" for the category of North American cities with a population between 500,000 and 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=2010 IFEA World Festival & Event City Award |url=http://www.ifea.com/joomla1_5/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=244&Itemid=476 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003630/http://www.ifea.com/joomla1_5/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=244&Itemid=476 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=29 June 2011 |publisher=International Festivals and Events Association}}</ref>

== Sports ==
{{further|Sport in Ottawa|List of Ottawa parks}}
[[File:TD Place Canal.jpg|thumb|[[TD Place Stadium]] is home to the [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]'s [[Ottawa Redblacks]], the [[Canadian Premier League|CPL]]'s [[Atlético Ottawa]], and the [[Northern Super League|NSL]]'s [[Ottawa Rapid FC]].]]

=== Professional sports ===
[[Sport in Ottawa]] has a history dating back to the 19th century. The city is currently home to six professional sports teams. The [[Ottawa Senators]] are a professional ice hockey team playing in the [[National Hockey League]]. The Senators history in Ottawa dates back to 1883; the franchise would go on to win the [[Stanley Cup]] eleven times by 1927. The team is currently a member of the Atlantic Division and play their home games at the [[Canadian Tire Centre]].<ref name="WeekesBanks2002">{{cite book |author1=Don Weekes |author2=Kerry Banks |title=The Unofficial Guide to Hockey's Most Unusual Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbihEP6nuKcC&pg=PA122 |year=2002 |publisher=Greystone Books |isbn=978-1-55054-942-3 |pages=122– |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513073714/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbihEP6nuKcC&pg=PA122 |archive-date=13 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Ottawa Charge]] became one of the six charter franchises of the [[Professional Women's Hockey League]] (PWHL).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Donkin |first=Karissa |date=12 November 2023 |title=A new era |url=https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/Ottawa-PWHL-womens-hockey-the-next-chapter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113103154/https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/Ottawa-PWHL-womens-hockey-the-next-chapter |archive-date=13 November 2023 |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=[[CBC Sports]]}}</ref> The Charge play home games at [[TD Place Arena]].

The [[Ottawa Redblacks]] are a professional Canadian Football team playing in the [[Canadian Football League]].<ref name="Ottawa CFL">{{cite news |title=Political hurdles all but cleared for team to hit field in 2013 |url=http://www.torontosun.com/sports/football/2010/06/29/14551341.html |date=29 June 2011 |newspaper=Toronto Sun – Sports |access-date=29 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607101050/http://www.torontosun.com/sports/football/2010/06/29/14551341.html |archive-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Formerly the [[Ottawa Rough Riders]] represented the city until 1996. With a history dating back to 1876, the team was one of the oldest and longest-lived professional sports teams in North America. The professional soccer club, [[Atlético Ottawa]], plays in the [[Canadian Premier League]]. The team was founded in by Spanish club [[Atlético Madrid]], and along with the Redblacks, play their home games at [[TD Place Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stadium Profile |url=https://atleticoottawa.canpl.ca/stadium-profile/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=Atlético Ottawa |language=en-CA |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213085312/https://atleticoottawa.canpl.ca/stadium-profile/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ottawa Rapid FC]] of the [[Northern Super League]] also play at TD Place Stadium. The [[Ottawa Black Bears]], founded in 2024, compete in the [[National Lacrosse League]] and play at the [[Canadian Tire Centre]] in [[Kanata, Ontario|Kanata]]. The [[Ottawa Blackjacks]] are a professional basketball team, playing in the [[Canadian Elite Basketball League]], out of the TD Place Arena.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5366182 |title=Ottawa Blackjacks to leap into action next spring |publisher=CBC News |date=20 November 2019 |access-date=11 March 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128200505/https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.5366182 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ottawa SkyHawks kicked out of National Basketball League of Canada |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-skyhawks-kicked-out-of-national-basketball-league-of-canada-1.2724097 |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307040523/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-skyhawks-kicked-out-of-national-basketball-league-of-canada-1.2724097 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ottawa Titans (baseball)|Ottawa Titans]] play professional baseball in the [[Frontier League]] at [[Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottawa Stadium {{!}} Ottawa Titans Baseball Club |url=https://ottawatitans.com/rcgt-park/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=ottawatitans.com |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307132127/https://ottawatitans.com/rcgt-park/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa was previously home to the [[Ottawa Lynx]], a [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]] club, as well as the [[Ottawa Champions]], an independent baseball team in the [[Can-Am League]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ottawa Champions left off new league's 2020 roster |work=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-champions-left-off-2020-roster-1.5323308 |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307022727/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-champions-left-off-2020-roster-1.5323308 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Collegiate sports ===
The University of Ottawa and Carleton University [[varsity team]]s compete in [[U Sports]] in various sports. Algonquin College and Collège La Cité teams compete in the [[Ontario Colleges Athletic Association|OCAA]].

The [[Carleton Ravens]] are nationally ranked in [[basketball]] and soccer.<ref>{{cite web |title=- NATIONALLY RANKED MEN'S TEAMS PREVAIL |url=http://www.basketball.ca/en/hm/inside.php?sid=1&id=2833 |publisher=Canada Basketball |year=2009 |access-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727105410/http://www.basketball.ca/en/hm/inside.php?sid=1&id=2833 |archive-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> [[Carleton Ravens men's basketball|Carleton's men's basketball]] program is regarded as the greatest of all time, having won 17 of the last 20 [[W. P. McGee Trophy|national championships]].<ref name="Carleton Ravens dynasty">{{cite web |last1=Baines |first1=Tim |title=DYNASTY? There's nothing quite like what Carleton Ravens men's basketball team has done |url=https://ottawasun.com/sports/basketball/dynasty-theres-nothing-quite-like-what-carleton-ravens-mens-basketball-team-has-done |website=Ottawa Sun |access-date=14 August 2022 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919144616/https://ottawasun.com/sports/basketball/dynasty-theres-nothing-quite-like-what-carleton-ravens-mens-basketball-team-has-done |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ottawa Gee-Gees]] are nationally ranked in basketball and soccer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2020 |title=National Top Ten Update: Five teams remain ranked |url=https://www.teams.geegees.ca/general/2019-20/releases/20200114mx1ij7 |language=en |journal= |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124011041/https://teams.geegees.ca/general/2019-20/releases/20200114mx1ij7 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Non-professional and amateur sports ===
Several non-professional teams also play in Ottawa, including the [[Ottawa 67's]] [[junior ice hockey]] team.<ref name="KearneyRay2009">{{cite book |author1=Mark Kearney |author2=Randy Ray |title=The Big Book of Canadian Trivia |url=https://archive.org/details/bigbookofcanadia0000kear |url-access=registration |year=2009 |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=978-1-55488-417-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bigbookofcanadia0000kear/page/241 241]– |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref>
The city is home to an assortment of amateur organized team sports such as [[soccer]], [[basketball]], [[baseball]], [[curling]], [[rowing (sport)|rowing]], [[Ultimate (sport)|ultimate]], and [[horse racing]].<ref name=Sports>{{cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/visitors/what_to_do/sports_outdoor_en.html |title=Sports and Outdoor |publisher=City of Ottawa |access-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906052719/http://www.ottawa.ca/visitors/what_to_do/sports_outdoor_en.html |archive-date=6 September 2011}}</ref> Casual recreational activities, such as [[Ice skating|skating]], [[cycling]], [[tennis]], [[hiking]], [[sailing]], [[golfing]], [[skiing]], and [[fishing]]/[[ice fishing]] are also popular.<ref name=Sports/>

Starting in 2025 a new [[Ironman Triathlon]] will be starting in Ottawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 IRONMAN Canada - Ottawa - Sunday, August 3, 2025 |url=https://regca.ironman.com/event/2025-ironman-canada-ottawa |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=Triathlons, marathons, half-marathons, mountain bike & running races}}</ref>

==Government and politics==
{{further|List of Ottawa municipal elections|Canadian federal election results in Ottawa|List of embassies and high commissions in Ottawa}}
[[File:Ottawa City Hall Hotel de ville d'Ottawa.jpg|thumb|[[Ottawa City Hall]] houses the [[Ottawa City Council|seat of the local government]].]]
The [[City of Ottawa]] is a [[Census divisions of Ontario#Single-tier municipalities|single-tier municipality]], meaning it is in itself a [[census division]] and has no county or regional municipality government above it, and has no subsidiary municipalities to provide municipal services.<ref name="SlackChattopadhyay2009">{{cite book |author1=Enid Slack |author2=Rupak Chattopadhyay |title=Finance and Governance of Capital Cities in Federal Systems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2RBv66RWYHQC&pg=PA61 |year=2009 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-3565-7 |page=61 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429113526/https://books.google.com/books?id=2RBv66RWYHQC&pg=PA61 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Municipalities {{!}} AMO |url=https://www.amo.on.ca/about-us/municipal-101/ontario-municipalities#Single |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412221617/https://www.amo.on.ca/about-us/municipal-101/ontario-municipalities#Single |archive-date=12 April 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=www.amo.on.ca}}</ref> Ottawa is governed by the 25-member [[Ottawa City Council]] consisting of 24 councillors each representing one [[Ward (country subdivision)|ward]] and the mayor, [[Mark Sutcliffe]] as of the [[2022 Ottawa municipal election]], is elected in a citywide vote.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayor and City Councillors {{!}} City of Ottawa |url=https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/mayor-and-city-councillors |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ottawa.ca |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802214459/https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/mayor-and-city-councillors |url-status=live}}</ref>

Along with being the capital of Canada, Ottawa is politically diverse in local politics. Most of the city has traditionally supported the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] in federal elections.<ref name="Hill2002">{{cite book |author=Tony L. Hill |title=Canadian politics, riding by riding: an in-depth analysis of Canada's 301 federal electoral districts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opvmE2AExc8C&pg=PA184 |year=2002 |publisher=Prospect Park Press |isbn=978-0-9723436-0-2 |page=184 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609194025/https://books.google.com/books?id=opvmE2AExc8C&pg=PA184 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Piper |first=Jillian |date=21 September 2021 |title=In stand-pat federal vote, Ottawa remains Liberal stronghold |url=https://capitalcurrent.ca/in-stand-pat-federal-vote-that-changes-little-nationwide-ottawa-remains-the-liberal-stronghold-it-was-in-2019/ |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Capital Current |language=en-CA |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529044810/https://capitalcurrent.ca/in-stand-pat-federal-vote-that-changes-little-nationwide-ottawa-remains-the-liberal-stronghold-it-was-in-2019/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The safest areas for the Liberals are the ones dominated by [[Francophones]], especially in Vanier and central Gloucester.<ref name="Hill2002" /> Central Ottawa is usually more [[Left-wing politics|left]]-leaning, and the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]] have won ridings there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Ottawa Centre MP Paul Dewar: 1963-2019 |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/former-ottawa-centre-mp-paul-dewar-has-died |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205222224/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/former-ottawa-centre-mp-paul-dewar-has-died |url-status=live}}</ref> Some of Ottawa's suburbs are swing areas, such as central Nepean. Another example of a swing area is Orleans, despite its often Liberal Party-aligned francophone population.<ref name="Hill2002" /> Ridings further outside the city centre, such as those including Kanata, Barrhaven and rural areas, tend to be more conservative, fiscally and socially.<ref name="Hill2002"/> This is especially true in the former Townships of [[West Carleton Township, Ontario|West Carleton]], [[Goulbourn Township, Ontario|Goulbourn]], [[Rideau Township, Ontario|Rideau]] and [[Osgoode Township, Ontario|Osgoode]], which are more in line with the conservative areas in the surrounding [[county|counties]].<ref name="Hill2002"/> Rural parts of the former township of [[Cumberland Township, Ontario|Cumberland]], with a large number of Francophones, traditionally support the Liberal Party, though their support has recently weakened.<ref name="Hill2002"/>

At present, Ottawa is host to [[List of diplomatic missions in Canada|130 embassies]].<ref name="international1">{{cite web |url=http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318010712/http://w01.international.gc.ca/Protocol-Protocole/Heads-Chefs.aspx?lang=eng |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2009 |title=Heads of Missions |publisher=W01.international.gc.ca |date=27 October 2009 |access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> A further 49 countries accredit their [[List of diplomatic missions in Canada#Accredited Embassies and High Commissions|embassies and missions in the United States]] to Canada.<ref name="international1"/>

==Transportation==
{{See also|OC Transpo|O-Train|List of airports in the Ottawa area|List of Ottawa roads|List of numbered roads in Ottawa|List of bridges in Ottawa}}

===Public transportation===
{{Main|OC Transpo}}
[[File:O Train 15773300606.jpg|thumb|An [[O-Train]] crossing the [[Rideau River]]. The O-Train is a [[light rail]] [[public transportation]] service provided by [[OC Transpo]].]]

[[File:Stage2South.png|thumb|Map of Ottawa's rapid transit network.]]

Ottawa's public transit system is managed by [[OC Transpo]].<ref name="oct">{{cite web |url=http://www.octranspo1.com/about-octranspo |title=About OC Transpo |year=2009 |publisher=OC Transpo |access-date=6 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113035431/http://www.octranspo1.com/about-octranspo/ |archive-date=13 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> OC Transpo operates an integrated, multi-modal rapid transit system which includes:
* The [[O-Train]] light rail system. The four-line public rail system includes three existing lines and one currently under construction.
** Line 1, ([[Confederation Line]]) is an east–west line which operates medium-capacity light rail vehicles and travels under the city's downtown core.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our services |url=https://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/ |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=OC Transpo |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217130833/http://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
** Line 2, ([[Trillium Line]]), is a north–south rail transit corridor which utilizes a mix of Stadler FLIRTs and Alstom Coradia LINTs connecting the south end of Ottawa to Line 1 at [[Bayview station (Ottawa)|Bayview station]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.octranspo.com/en/ready-for-rail/transforming-the-service/expanding-o-train-service |title=Expanding O-Train service |website=OC Transpo |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216190331/http://www.octranspo.com/en/ready-for-rail/transforming-the-service/expanding-o-train-service |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/bus-o-train-network/vehicles/ |title=Vehicles |publisher=OC Transpo |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906201722/https://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/bus-o-train-network/vehicles/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
** Line 3, is an under construction branch of Line 1, splitting at [[Lincoln Fields station]] and continuing west.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stage2lrt.ca/ |title=Stage 2 Ottawa |website=Stage2lrt.ca |date=22 July 2015 |access-date=16 April 2016 |url-status=live |archive-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322133748/http://www.stage2lrt.ca/}}</ref>
** Line 4, is a {{cvt|4|km|mi}} airport link connecting the Trillium Line to the [[Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport]]
* A vast [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) system that uses a series of dedicated bus-only roadways named the [[Transitway (Ottawa)|Transitway]] and reserved lanes on city streets and highways. The Transitway has long distances between stops and full station amenities (including platforms, walkways, fare gates, ticket booths, elevators and convenience stores). It connects Ottawa's suburbs to the inner city. The Rapid bus service network operates all day, seven days a week, reaching the suburban communities of Kanata to the West, Barrhaven to the South-West, Orléans to the East, and South Keys to the South.<ref name=":1" />
* Over 190 local bus routes are served by a fleet of ordinary, articulated and double-decker buses.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/bus-o-train-network/service-types/ |title=Service types |website=OC Transpo |access-date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217184613/http://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/bus-o-train-network/service-types |url-status=live}}</ref> Both OC Transpo and the Quebec-based [[Société de transport de l'Outaouais]] (STO) operate bus transit services between Ottawa and Gatineau. OC Transpo also operates a door-to-door bus service for disabled individuals known as ParaTranspo.<ref name="oct" /> There is a [[Gatineau LRT|proposed LRT system]] that could link Ottawa with Gatineau.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/gatineau-aylmer-ottawa-light-rail-1.4713843 |access-date=20 December 2018 |title=Gatineau reveals $2.1B LRT plan, eyes 2028 launch |work=CBC |date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114184041/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/gatineau-aylmer-ottawa-light-rail-1.4713843 |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Airports===
The [[Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport]] is the city's principal airport. There are also three main regional airports [[Gatineau-Ottawa Executive Airport]], [[Carp Airport|Ottawa/Carp Airport]], and [[Ottawa/Rockcliffe Airport]].<ref name="PurdomCarroll2003f">{{cite book |author1=Laura Purdom |author2=Donald Carroll |author3=Robert Holmes |title=Traveler's Companion Eastern Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nD6yjUail9AC&pg=PA70 |year=2003 |publisher=Globe Pequot |isbn=978-0-7627-2332-4 |page=70 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429031340/https://books.google.com/books?id=nD6yjUail9AC&pg=PA70 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Inter-city transportation===
[[Ottawa station]] is the [[Central station|main]] [[Inter-city rail|inter-city]] train station operated by [[Via Rail]]. It is located {{convert|4|km}} to the east of [[downtown Ottawa|downtown]] in [[Eastway Gardens]] (adjacent to [[O-Train]] [[Tremblay station]]) and serves Via Rail's [[Québec City–Windsor Corridor (Via Rail)|Corridor]] Route.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tremblay |url=https://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/stations1/tremblay1 |website=OC Transpo |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-date=7 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007014942/https://www.octranspo.com/en/our-services/stations1/tremblay1/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ottawa train station |url=https://www.viarail.ca/en/explore-our-destinations/stations/ontario/ottawa/station |website=Via Rail Canada |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603051627/https://www.viarail.ca/en/explore-our-destinations/stations/ontario/ottawa/station |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is also served by inter-city passenger rail service at [[Fallowfield station (Ontario)|Fallowfield station]] in the southwestern suburban community of [[Barrhaven]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fallowfield train station |url=https://www.viarail.ca/en/explore-our-destinations/stations/ontario/fallowfield |website=Via Rail Canada |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604142937/https://www.viarail.ca/en/explore-our-destinations/stations/ontario/fallowfield |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Intercity bus service]]s are currently provided by several carriers at various stops throughout the city, following the closure of the former [[Ottawa Central Station]] [[bus station|bus terminal]] on 1 June 2021. Major carriers include: [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]], [[Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services|Ontario Northland]], Autobus Gatineau,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bus Stops {{!}} megabus |url=https://ca.megabus.com/stops |website=ca.megabus.com |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-date=23 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523161240/https://ca.megabus.com/stops |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ottawa Agency - Change in Pick-Up and Drop-off {{!}} Ontario Northland |url=https://ontarionorthland.ca/en/ottawa-agency-change-pick-and-drop |website=ontarionorthland.ca |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604140713/https://ontarionorthland.ca/en/ottawa-agency-change-pick-and-drop |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Autobus Gatineau Schedule - Grand Remous / Ottawa - Ottawa / Grand Remous |website=autobusgatineau.com |url=http://nebula.wsimg.com/5319e6b801e78b710fbe67c96a31724a?AccessKeyId=A8F7318CB6209AF92A92&disposition=0&alloworigin=1 |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516154044/https://nebula.wsimg.com/5319e6b801e78b710fbe67c96a31724a?AccessKeyId=A8F7318CB6209AF92A92&disposition=0&alloworigin=1 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Orléans Express]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Travelling from Montreal to Ottawa |website=Orleans Express |date=9 July 2021 |url=https://www.orleansexpress.com/en/travelling-montreal-ottawa/ |access-date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223222927/https://www.orleansexpress.com/en/travelling-montreal-ottawa/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Streets and highways===
The City of Ottawa has over {{cvt|12200|km|mi}} lane-kilometres of road and a series of freeways. The primary freeways are the east–west provincial [[Ontario Highway 417|Highway 417]] (designated as the Queensway and part of the [[Trans-Canada Highway]]), Ottawa-Carleton [[Regional Road 174|Highway 174]] (formerly Provincial Highway 17), [[Ontario Highway 7|Highway 7]], and the north–south provincial [[Ontario Highway 416|Highway 416]] (designated as Veterans' Memorial Highway), which connects to other [[400-series highways (Ontario)|400-Series highways]] via the 401.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Highway |first=Trans-Canada |title=Ontario Trans-Canada Highway itineraries and towns |url=https://transcanadahighway.com/ontario/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=Trans-Canada Highway |language=en-CA |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119121351/https://www.transcanadahighway.com/ontario/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Highway 416 History - The King's Highways of Ontario |url=http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway416.htm |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.thekingshighway.ca |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725035305/http://www.thekingshighway.ca/Highway416.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> From downtown there are also freeway connections to [[Quebec Autoroute 5|Autoroute 5]] and [[Quebec Autoroute 50|Autoroute 50]], in neighbouring Gatineau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Story Map Series |url=https://ncc-ccn.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4ace0d0442c4d35b9a3e90f0c632450 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ncc-ccn.maps.arcgis.com |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523111942/https://ncc-ccn.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4ace0d0442c4d35b9a3e90f0c632450 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city also has several scenic parkways and promenades, such as the [[Kichi Zibi Mikan]] (formerly the Macdonald Parkway), [[Colonel By Drive]], [[Queen Elizabeth Driveway]], the [[Sir George-Étienne Cartier Parkway]] (formerly the Rockcliffe Parkway), and the [[Aviation Parkway (Ottawa)|Aviation Parkway]]. The National Capital Commission manages ceremonial routes linking key attractions on both sides of the Ottawa River, including [[Confederation Boulevard]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16300-20444-20505&lang=1 |title=Confederation Boulevard, National Capital Commission Web site |access-date=11 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209090858/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16300-20444-20505&lang=1 |archive-date=9 February 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Cycling and pedestrian network===
[[File:CapitalPathway2019.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Capital Pathway]] is a multi-use [[trail]] interlinking sites throughout the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]].]]

Numerous paved [[multi-use trail]]s, mostly operated by the [[National Capital Commission]] and the city, wind their way through much of the capital, including along the Ottawa River, Rideau River, and Rideau Canal. [[Capital Pathway|These pathways]] are used for transportation, tourism, and recreation. Because many streets either have wide curb lanes or bicycle lanes, cycling is a mode of transportation used by up to 2.5% of citizens, including in winter. This is the largest percentage of any major Canadian city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottawainsights.ca/themes/environment-and-sustainability/transportation/ |title=Transportation Environment & Sustainability |publisher=Ottawa Insights |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805182033/https://www.ottawainsights.ca/themes/environment-and-sustainability/transportation/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/city_services/statistics/counts/counts_apr_04/index_en.shtml |title=Statistics – Ottawa Counts |publisher=Ottawa.ca |access-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519010548/http://www.ottawa.ca/city_services/statistics/counts/counts_apr_04/index_en.shtml |archive-date=19 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Capital Pathway Strategic Plan |url=https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/our-plans/capital-pathway-strategic-plan |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=NCC-CCN |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725035305/https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/our-plans/capital-pathway-strategic-plan |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 31 December 2015, over {{cvt|900|km}} of cycling facilities are found in Ottawa, including {{cvt|435|km}} of multi-use pathways, {{cvt|8|km}} of cycle tracks, {{cvt|200|km}} of on-road bicycle lanes, and {{cvt|257|km}} of paved shoulders.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/transportation-and-parking/cycling/cycling-network-information |title=Cycling Network Information |website=Ottawa.ca |publisher=City of Ottawa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918065653/http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/transportation-and-parking/cycling/cycling-network-information |archive-date=18 September 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{cvt|204|km}} of new cycling facilities were added between 2011 and 2014.<ref name=":0" />

The entire length of [[Sparks Street]] was turned into a [[Pedestrian zone|pedestrian mall]] in 1966.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nccwatch.org/blunders/sparks.htm |title=Sparks Street |publisher=NCC Watch |access-date=8 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617100655/http://www.nccwatch.org/blunders/sparks.htm |archive-date=17 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Since 1960, additional avenues, streets, and parkways, are reserved for pedestrian and bicycle use only on Saturdays, Sundays and on selected holidays and events.<ref name="NCC Bike Paths">{{cite web |url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16297-16299-9970-9971&lang=1 |title=The Capital Pathway |date=10 June 2010 |publisher=[[National Capital Commission]] |access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708173631/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16297-16299-9970-9971&lang=1 |archive-date=8 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2021 city council unanimously approved the [[Byward Market]] Public Realm Plan to make the market area more [[Carfree city|car-free]] and pedestrian friendly.<ref name="Public Realm Plan">{{cite web |url=https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/public-engagement/projects/byward-market-public-realm-plan |title=ByWard Market Public Realm Plan |date=1 October 2021 |publisher=City of Ottawa |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805191635/https://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/public-engagement/projects/byward-market-public-realm-plan |url-status=live}}</ref> From 2009 to 2015 the NCC introduced the [[Capital Bixi]] [[bicycle-sharing system]]. This continued until the company VeloGo took over the program from 2015 to 2018 when the partnership ceased.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HistoricPlaces.ca - Capital BIXI Takes Ottawa: Pedal into the Past! |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/pages/20_bixi.aspx |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=www.historicplaces.ca |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725075708/https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/pages/20_bixi.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2021 |title=Ottawa parks the return of a bike-sharing program on city streets |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/ottawa-parks-the-return-of-a-bike-sharing-program-on-city-streets-1.5362549 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Ottawa |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725035305/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/ottawa-parks-the-return-of-a-bike-sharing-program-on-city-streets-1.5362549 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Scooter-sharing system]]s have since been introduced in the downtown and inner-city areas.{{When|date=December 2023}}

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Ottawa}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|Ontario}}
* [[Outline of Ottawa]]
* [[List of francophone communities in Ontario]]
* [[List of national capitals| World national capitals]]
* [[List of Ottawa buildings]]
* [[Geography of Ottawa]]
* [[Mark Sutcliffe]], Current [[Mayor of Ottawa]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Brault |first=Lucien |title=Ottawa Old and New |url=https://archive.org/details/ottawaoldnew0000unse |url-access=registration |year=1946 |publisher=Ottawa Historical Information Institute |oclc=2947504}}
* {{cite book |first=David L.A. |last=Gordon |title=Town and Crown an illustrated history of Canada's capital |url=https://www.townandcrown.ca |year=2015 |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |isbn=978-0-470-68158-9 |access-date=1 November 2022}} [https://press.uottawa.ca/en/9780776638850/town-and-crown/ Alt URL]
* {{cite book |first=James |last=Hale |title=Frommer's Ottawa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1 |year=2011 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=978-0-470-68158-9 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518051438/https://books.google.com/books?id=D-xZXkWpWtIC&pg=PT1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |first1=Jeff |last1=Keshen |first2=Nicole |last2=St-Onge |title=Ottawa—making a capital |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1 |year=2001 |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |isbn=978-0-7766-0521-0 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=24 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424090752/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q9Bb4EiAyoC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |first=David |last=Lee |title=Lumber kings & shantymen: logging and lumbering in the Ottawa Valley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1 |year=2006 |publisher=James Lorimer & Company |isbn=978-1-55028-922-0 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512120704/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZLSf-I0XgIC&pg=PA1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Legget |first=Robert |title=Rideau Waterway |year=1986 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=0-8020-6591-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=14 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514110242/https://books.google.com/books?id=CaA4OpW4Ao0C&pg=PA252 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |first=Carol |last=Martin |title=Ottawa: a colourguide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjUoa_r4LOIC&pg=PA1 |year=1997 |publisher=Formac Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-88780-396-3 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506090703/https://books.google.com/books?id=gjUoa_r4LOIC&pg=PA1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mika |first1=Nick |last2=Mika |first2=Helma |title=Bytown: The Early Days of Ottawa |year=1982 |publisher=Mika Publishing Company |isbn=0-919303-60-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=John H. |title=Ottawa: An Illustrated History |year=1986 |publisher=J. Lorimer |isbn=978-0-88862-981-4}}
* {{cite book |first=Marion |last=Van de Wetering |title=An Ottawa album: glimpses of the way we were |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1 |year=1997 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-0-88882-195-9 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512123505/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkxGw291AcC&pg=PA1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Woods |first=Shirley E. Jr. |title=Ottawa: The Capital of Canada |year=1980 |publisher=Doubleday Canada |isbn=0-385-14722-8}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links | Ottawa | wikt=no | commons=Ottawa | b=no | n=Ottawa | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=Ottawa | species=no | d=no | display=Ottawa}}
* {{official website}}

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Ottawa
| North = {{flagicon|QC}} [[Pontiac, Quebec|Pontiac]], [[Gatineau]] ''[[Ottawa River]]''
| Northeast = {{flagicon|QC}} [[Lochaber-Partie-Ouest, Quebec|Lochaber-Partie-Ouest]] ''[[Ottawa River]]''
| East = [[Clarence-Rockland]]
| Southeast = [[Russell, Ontario|Russell]], [[The Nation, Ontario|The Nation]]
| South = [[North Grenville, Ontario|North Grenville]], [[North Dundas, Ontario|North Dundas]]
| Southwest = [[Merrickville-Wolford, Ontario|Merrickville-Wolford]]
| West = [[Mississippi Mills, Ontario|Mississippi Mills]] [[Beckwith, Ontario|Beckwith]] [[Montague, Ontario|Montague]]
| Northwest = [[Arnprior, Ontario|Arnprior]]
}}
{{Ottawa}}
{{Navboxes|list =
{{Ottawa landmarks}}
{{Subdivisions of Ontario}}
{{Canada capitals}}
{{Census metropolitan areas by size}}
{{List of North American capitals}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ottawa| ]]
[[Category:1826 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Capitals in North America]]
[[Category:Cities in Ontario]]
[[Category:High-technology business districts in Canada]]
[[Category:Planned capitals]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1826]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Ottawa River]]
[[Category:Single-tier municipalities in Ontario]]

San Diego

2025-04-28T01:27:35Z

Hcoder3104: /* Sports */

{{Pp-move}}
{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{About|the city in California|other uses|San Diego (disambiguation)}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = San Diego 
| settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/3/2
| total_width = 280
| caption_align = center
| image1 = San Diego skyline 18 (cropped).jpg
| alt1 = Downtown San Diego skyline
| caption1 = [[Downtown San Diego]] skyline
| image2 = La Jolla Shores view (cropped).jpg
| alt2 = La Jolla Shores
| caption2 = [[La Jolla]]
| image3 = Mission San Diego (cropped2).jpg
| alt3 = Mission San Diego de Alcalá
| caption3 = [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]]
| image4 = Balboa Park6 (cropped3).jpg
| alt4 = California Tower at Balboa Park
| caption4 = [[California Quadrangle|California Tower]] at [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]]
| image5 = Cortez Hill, San Diego, CA 92101, USA - panoramio (5).jpg
| alt5 = El Cortez
| caption5 = [[El Cortez (San Diego)|El Cortez]]
| image6 = Balboa Theatre, San Diego 01 (cropped2).jpg
| alt6 = Balboa Theatre
| caption6 = [[Balboa Theatre]]
}}
| image_flag = Flag of San Diego, California.svg
| image_seal = Seal of San Diego, California.svg
| flag_size = 120px
| image_blank_emblem = San Diego Logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| nicknames = "America's Finest City",<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-25-vw-21243-story.html | title=WHO DECIDED . . . ? : . . . To name San Diego 'America's Finest City'? | website=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=December 26, 1984 }}</ref> "Birthplace of California", "City in Motion"<ref>{{Cite web|title=California City Nicknames List|url=http://www.seecalifornia.com/california/city-nicknames.html|access-date=December 29, 2020|website=www.seecalifornia.com}}</ref>
| motto = {{langnf|la|Semper Vigilans|Always Vigilant}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Official City of San Diego Seal |url=https://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/aboutus/factshistory/seal |website=The City of San Diego |publisher=City of San Diego |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
| image_map = San Diego County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas San Diego Highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 250x200px
| map_caption = Location of San Diego in [[San Diego County, California]]
| pushpin_map = California#USA#North America
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label = San Diego
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within California##Location within the United States
| coordinates = {{coord|32|42|54|N|117|09|45|W|region:US-CA_city(1,400,000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|United States}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}}
| subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of San Diego County, California.png}} [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date and age|1769|7|16}}
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date2 = March 27, 1850<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|title=California Cities by Incorporation Date
|format=Word
|publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s
|access-date=August 25, 2014
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc
|archive-date=November 3, 2014
}}</ref>
| named_for = [[Didacus of Alcalá|Saint Didacus of Alcalá]]
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-council]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://docs.sandiego.gov/citycharter/Article%20XV.pdf
| title = City of San Diego City Charter, Article XV
| publisher = City of San Diego
| access-date = November 5, 2014}}</ref>
| governing_body = [[San Diego City Council]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor of San Diego|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Todd Gloria]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| leader_title1 = [[San Diego City Attorney|City Attorney]]
| leader_name1 = [[Heather Ferbert]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/cityattorney/
|title=Office of the City Attorney
|date=November 6, 2015
|publisher=The City of San Diego
|access-date=December 14, 2016}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Imperial
| total_type = Total
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 964.56
| area_total_sq_mi = 372.42
| area_land_km2 = 844.02
| area_land_sq_mi = 325.88
| area_water_km2 = 120.54
| area_water_sq_mi = 46.54
| area_water_percent = 12.68
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="usgs">{{Cite GNIS|2411782|City of San Diego|access-date= October 16, 2014}}</ref>
| elevation_min_ft = 0
| elevation_min_point = [[Pacific Ocean]]
| elevation_max_point = [[Cowles Mountain]]
| elevation_max_footnotes = <ref name="city data">{{cite web |url= http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/San-Diego-Geography-and-Climate.html |title= San Diego: Geography and Climate |work= city-data.com |access-date= October 16, 2014}}</ref>
| population_total = 1386932
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocitycalifornia/PST045222|title=QuickFacts: San Diego city, California|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 1, 2023}}</ref>
| population_est = 1,388,320
| pop_est_as_of = 2023
| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_density_sq_mi = 4255.96
| population_density_km2 = 1643.25
| population_urban = 3,070,300 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|15th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,756.9
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 4,550.5
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 8, 2023}}</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021}}</ref>
| population_metro = 3276208 (US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|18th]])
| population_rank = [[List of North American cities by population|20th]] in North America [[List of United States cities by population|8th]] in the United States [[List of largest cities in California by population|2nd]] in California
| population_demonym = San Diegan
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="bea.gov">{{cite web |url = https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP41740|title = Total Gross Domestic Product for San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (MSA)|website = U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = San Diego (MSA)
| demographics2_info1 = $295.6 billion (2022)
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action
| title = ZIP Code(tm) Lookup
| publisher = [[United States Postal Service]]
| access-date = November 19, 2014}}</ref>
| postal_code = 92101–92124, 92126–92132, 92134–92140, 92142–92143, 92145, 92147, 92149–92150, 92152–92155, 92158–92161, 92163, 92165–92179, 92182, 92186–92187, 92191–92193, 92195–92199
| area_code = [[Area codes 619 and 858|619/858]]
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| leader_title2 = [[San Diego City Council|City Council]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.sandiego.gov/citycouncil/
| title = City Council Offices
| publisher = City of San Diego
| access-date = December 10, 2014}}</ref>
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
|title =
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style = 
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = • [[Joe LaCava]] D-District 1
|2 = • [[Jennifer Campbell (politician)|Jennifer Campbell]] D-District 2
|3 = • [[Stephen Whitburn]] D-District 3
|4 = • [[Henry L. Foster III]] D-District 4
|5 = • [[Marni von Wilpert]] D-District 5
|6 = • [[Kent Lee (politician)|Kent Lee]] D-District 6
|7 = • [[Raul Campillo]] D-District 7
|8 = • [[Vivian Moreno]] D-District 8
|9 = • [[Sean Elo-Rivera]] D-District 9}}
| leader_title3 = [[California State Assembly|State Assembly Members]]
| leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;
|1 = • [[Tasha Boerner]] D-77th District
|2 = • [[Chris Ward (American politician)|Chris Ward]] D-78th District
|3 = • [[LaShae Sharp-Collins]] D-79th District
|4 = • [[David Alvarez (politician)|David Alvarez]] D-80th District}}
| leader_title4 = [[California State Senate|State Senators]]
| leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;
|1 = • [[Catherine Blakespear]] D-38th District
|2 = • [[Akilah Weber]] D-39th District
|3 = • [[Brian Jones (politician)|Brian Jones]] R-40th District}}
| elevation_max_ft = 1591
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
| utc_offset = −08:00
| timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
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| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = {{FIPS|06|66000}}
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
| blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|1661377}}, {{GNIS 4|2411782}}
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'''San Diego''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|æ|n|_|d|i|ˈ|eɪ|ɡ|oʊ|audio=En-us-san diego.ogg}} {{respell|SAN|_|dee|AY|goh}}, {{IPA|es|san ˈdjeɣo|lang}}) is a city on the [[Pacific coast]] of [[Southern California]], adjacent to the [[Mexico–United States border]]. With a population of over 1.3 million, it is the [[List of United States cities by population|eighth-most populous city in the United States]] and the [[List of California cities by population|second-most populous]] in the [[U.S. state|state]] of [[California]]. San Diego is the [[county seat|seat]] of [[San Diego County]], which has a population of nearly 3.3 million.<ref name="County QuickFacts">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocountycalifornia/PST045222|title=QuickFacts: San Diego County, California|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 22, 2023}}</ref> It is known for its mild year-round [[Mediterranean climate]], extensive [[List of beaches in San Diego County|beaches]] and [[List of parks in San Diego|parks]], long association with the [[United States Navy]], and recent emergence as a [[List of hospitals in San Diego|healthcare]] and [[biotechnology]] development center.

Historically home to the [[Kumeyaay]] people, San Diego has been referred to as the ''Birthplace of California'', as it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the [[West Coast of the United States]].<ref>{{cite book|last=McGrew|first=Clarence Alan|url=https://archive.org/details/citysandiegoand00socigoog|title=City of San Diego and San Diego County: the birthplace of California|publisher=American Historical Society|year=1922|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> Upon landing in [[San Diego Bay]] in 1542, [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]] claimed the area for [[Spain]], forming the basis for the settlement of [[Alta California]], 200 years later. The [[Presidio of San Diego|Presidio]] and [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]], founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]], which reformed as the [[First Mexican Republic]] two years later. California was [[Mexican Cession|ceded to the U.S.]] in 1848 following the [[Mexican–American War]] and was [[California Statehood Act|admitted as the 31st state]] in 1850.

The largest sectors of the [[economy of San Diego]] include military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, research, and manufacturing. The city is home to several universities, including [[University of California, San Diego|UC San Diego]], [[San Diego State University]], and the [[University of San Diego]]. San Diego is the economic center of the [[San Diego–Tijuana]] region, the second-most populous [[transborder agglomeration|transborder metropolitan area]] in the Western Hemisphere, home to an estimated five million people as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayling |first=Marko |date=December 30, 2022 |title=San Diego and Tijuana: a vanishing border? |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/travel/san-diego-and-tijuana-a-vanishing-border/ |access-date=April 30, 2024 |website=Mexico News Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> The primary border crossing between San Diego and [[Tijuana]], the [[San Ysidro Port of Entry]], is the busiest international land border crossing in the world outside of Asia ([[Border checkpoint#Busiest checkpoints in the world|fourth-busiest]] overall). [[San Diego International Airport]] (SAN) is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 20, 2017|title=San Diego Int'l Airport will dig up the runway every night for a year|first1=Jeanette|last1=Steele|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/growth-development/sd-fi-airport-runway-digging-project-20171120-story.html|access-date=January 26, 2021|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Name==

San Diego's name can be traced back to the 17th century when Spanish explorer [[Sebastián Vizcaíno]] bestowed it upon the area in 1602. He named the bay and the surrounding area "San Diego de Alcalá" in honor of [[Didacus of Alcalá|Saint Didacus of Alcalá]].<ref name=":4" />

Prior to the Spanish establishment of San Diego, the [[Kumeyaay]] town was called [[Kosa'aay]], meaning "drying out place" in the [[Kumeyaay language]].<ref name=":1" /> After the establishment of San Diego, the Kumeyaay called town and city ''Tepacul Watai'', meaning "Stacked Big".<ref>{{Cite web |title=San Diego in Kumiai - English-Kumiai Dictionary {{!}} Glosbe |url=https://glosbe.com/en/dih/San%20Diego |access-date=November 17, 2023 |website=glosbe.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Luiseño language|Luiseño]] speakers in the [[North County (San Diego area)|North County region]] called it ''Pushuyi''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pushuyi in Spanish - Luiseno-Spanish Dictionary {{!}} Glosbe |url=https://glosbe.com/lui/es/Pushuyi |access-date=November 14, 2022 |website=glosbe.com |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
{{see also|History of San Diego}}
{{For timeline|Timeline of San Diego}}

===Pre-colonial period===
[[File:Kumeyaay (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Full length portrait of a man in his thirties wearing a long robe, woman and child visible behind him and dog to his left|The [[Kumeyaay people|Kumeyaay]], referred to by the Spanish as ''Diegueños'', have inhabited the area for thousands of years.]]

What has been referred to as the [[San Dieguito complex]] was established in the area at least 9,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Catalysts to complexity: late Holocene societies of the California coast |date=2002 |publisher=Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA |isbn=978-1-938770-67-8 |location=Los Angeles |pages=30 |oclc=745176510}}</ref> The [[Kumeyaay]] may have culturally evolved from this complex or migrated into the area around 1000 C.E.<ref>{{Cite book |last=High |first=Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w48Ivy4JCQ8C |title=San Diego Bay: A Story of Exploitation and Restoration |date=2007 |publisher=California Sea Grant College Program |isbn=978-1-888691-17-7 |language=en |quote=The Kumeyaay could have derived from the San Dieguito or they may have arrived from the desert around 1000 C.E.}}</ref> Archaeologist [[Malcolm Jennings Rogers|Malcolm Rogers]] hypothesized that the early cultures of San Diego were separate from the Kumeyaay, but this claim is disputed.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Loveless |first1=R. |title=Ethical approaches to human remains: a global challenge in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology |last2=Linton |first2=B. |date=2020 |publisher=Springer Nature |others=Kirsty Squires, David Errickson, Nicholas Márquez-Grant |isbn=978-3-030-32926-6 |edition= |location=Cham, Switzerland |pages=419–420 |chapter=Culturally Sensitive and Scientifically Sound |oclc=1135205590 |quote=He created a sequence of cultural periods... the San Dieguito Complex and La Jolla Complex... suggested that... [they were] mutually exclusive and not associated with the ancestral populations of the contemporary Kumeyaay. The problem with Rogers' hypothesis is that it did not account for cultural evolution... Rogers' theories were, and continue to be, a popular paradigm... At the end of his career, Rogers re-evaluated his original conclusions regarding the cultural groups he had established...}}</ref> Rogers later reevaluated his claims, yet they were influential in shaping historical tellings of early San Diego history.<ref name=":3" />

The Kumeyaay established villages scattered across the region, including the village of [[Kosa'aay]] which was the Kumeyaay village that the future settlement of San Diego would stem from in today's [[Old Town, San Diego|Old Town]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Mogilner|first=Geoffrey|title=Cosoy: Birthplace of New California|url=https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/2016/april/cosoy-birthplace-new-california/|access-date=August 27, 2020|website=San Diego History Center {{!}} San Diego, CA {{!}} Our City, Our Story|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Kosa'aay (Cosoy) History|url=http://www.cosoy.org/History.html|access-date=August 27, 2020|website=www.cosoy.org|archive-date=March 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305235655/http://cosoy.org/History.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The village of Kosa'aay was made up of thirty to forty families living in pyramid-shaped housing structures and was supported by a freshwater spring from the hillsides.<ref name=":1" />

===Spanish period===
[[File:The landing of Cabrillo on California (detail from mural by Daniel Sayre Groesbeck at the Santa Barbara County Courthouse).tif|thumb|left|Portuguese explorer [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]] landing in [[San Diego Bay]] in 1542, claiming California for the [[Spanish Empire]]]]
The first European to visit the region was explorer [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]]. Sailing his flagship ''San Salvador'' from [[Barra de Navidad|Navidad]], New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the [[Spanish Empire]] in 1542, and named the site "San Miguel".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/cabrillo/cabrillo.htm |title=San Diego Historical Society |publisher=Sandiegohistory.org |access-date=March 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505173316/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/cabrillo/cabrillo.htm }}</ref> In November 1602, [[Sebastián Vizcaíno]] surveyed the harbor and what are now [[Mission Bay, San Diego, California|Mission Bay]] and [[Point Loma]] and named the area for the Catholic [[Didacus of Alcalá|Saint Didacus]], a [[Spaniard]] more commonly known as ''San Diego de Alcalá''.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last=Mills |first=James |title=San Diego...Where California Began |url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/67october/began.htm |date=October 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614235048/https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/67october/began.htm |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |journal=Journal of San Diego History |volume=13 |number=4 |access-date=February 17, 2017}}</ref>

The permanent [[European colonization of the Americas|European colonization]] of both California and San Diego began in 1769 with the arrival of four contingents of Spaniards from New Spain and the [[Baja California]] peninsula. Two seaborne parties reached San Diego Bay: the ''San Carlos'', under Vicente Vila and including as notable members the engineer and cartographer [[Miguel Costansó]] and the soldier and future governor [[Pedro Fages]], and the ''San Antonio'', under [[Juan José Pérez Hernández|Juan Pérez]]. An initial overland expedition to San Diego from the south was led by the soldier [[Fernando Rivera y Moncada|Fernando Rivera]] and included the [[Franciscan]] missionary, explorer, and chronicler [[Juan Crespí]], followed by a second party led by the designated governor [[Gaspar de Portolá]] and including the mission president [[Junípero Serra]].<ref>Pourade, Richard F. 1960. ''The History of San Diego: The Explorers''. Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego.</ref>
[[File:Mission San Diego, c. 1820.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]] was founded in 1769 by [[Saint Junípero Serra]], making it the oldest of the [[Spanish missions in California]].]]
In May 1769, Portolà established the [[Presidio of San Diego]] on a hill near the [[San Diego River]] above the Kumeyaay village of Cosoy,<ref name=":1" /> which would later become incorporated into the Spanish settlement,<ref name=":2" /> making it the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]] was founded by Franciscan friars under Serra.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ide|first=Arthur Frederick|date=Fall 1976|title=San Diego: The Saint and the City|journal=Journal of San Diego History|volume=22|issue=4|url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/76fall/saint.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm |title=San Diego Historical Society:Timeline of San Diego history |publisher=Sandiegohistory.org |access-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-date=December 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224204925/https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm }}</ref> The mission became a site for a Kumeyaay revolt in 1775, which forced the mission to relocate {{Convert | 6 | mi | 0 | spell = in}} up the San Diego River.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Carrico|first=Richard|title=Sociopolitical Aspects of the 1775 Revolt at Mission San Diego de Alcala|url=https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/1997/july/missionrevolt/|access-date=August 27, 2020|website=San Diego History Center {{!}} San Diego, CA {{!}} Our City, Our Story|language=en-US}}</ref> By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missionscalifornia.com/keyfacts/san-diego-de-alcala.html |title=Keyfacts |publisher=missionscalifornia.com |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610233845/http://www.missionscalifornia.com/keyfacts/san-diego-de-alcala.html |archive-date=June 10, 2010 }}</ref> Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in Alta California of the historic mission trail [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]]. Both the Presidio and the Mission are [[National Register of Historic Places listings in San Diego County, California|National Historic Landmarks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missionsandiego.com/ |title=Mission San Diego |publisher=Mission San Diego |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=130&resourceType=Site |title=National Park Service, National Historical Landmarks Program: San Diego Presidio |publisher=Tps.cr.nps.gov |date=October 10, 1960 |access-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183215/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=130&resourceType=Site |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref>

===Mexican period===
[[File:José_María_Estudillo.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[José María Estudillo]] served as commandant of the [[Presidio of San Diego]] and founded the [[Estudillo family of California|Estudillo family]], a powerful clan of [[Californio]]s.]]
In 1821, Mexico [[Mexican War of Independence|won its independence from Spain]], and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of [[Alta California]]. In 1822, Mexico began its attempt to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularized by the Mexican government in 1834]], and most of the Mission lands were granted to former soldiers. The 432 [[Vecino|residents]] of the town petitioned the governor to form a [[Cabildo (council)|pueblo]], and [[Juan María Osuna]] was elected the first ''[[alcalde]]'' ("municipal magistrate"). Beyond the town, Mexican [[land grant]]s expanded the number of [[Ranchos of California|California ranchos]] that modestly added to the local economy.

However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s, due to increasing tension between the settlers and the indigenous [[Kumeyaay]] and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224204925/https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm|archive-date=December 24, 2015|title=Timeline of San Diego History {{!}} San Diego History Center|date=December 24, 2015|access-date=August 7, 2018}}</ref> The [[Ranchos of California|ranchos]] in the San Diego region faced Kumeyaay raids in the late 1830s and the town itself faced raids in the 1840s.<ref>Connolly, Mike. [https://www.kumeyaay.com/kumeyaay-the-mexican-period.html "Kumeyaay – The Mexican Period"]. ''kumeyaay.com''.</ref>

Americans gained an increased awareness of California, and its commercial possibilities, from the writings of two countrymen involved in the often officially forbidden, to foreigners, but economically significant hide and tallow trade, where San Diego was a major port and the only one with an adequate harbor: [[William Shaler]]'s "Journal of a Voyage Between China and the North-Western Coast of America, Made in 1804" and [[Richard Henry Dana Jr.|Richard Henry Dana]]'s more substantial and convincing account, of his 1834–36 voyage, ''[[Two Years Before the Mast]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bean |first=Walton |title=California: An Interpretive History |date=1973 |edition=Second |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill, Inc. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/californiainterp00bean/page/74 74–76] |isbn=978-0-07-004224-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/californiainterp00bean/page/74 }}</ref>
[[File:Casa de Estudillo courtyard 04.jpg|thumb|left|[[Casa de Estudillo]], built 1827, is one of San Diego's oldest buildings and served as inspiration for [[Helen Hunt Jackson]]'s 1884 novel ''[[Ramona]]''.]]
In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land [[Conquest of California|expedition to conquer Alta California]]. At first, they had an easy time of it, capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in [[Los Angeles]], the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1, the American garrison learned that the dragoons of General [[Stephen W. Kearney]] were at [[Warner's Ranch]]. Commodore [[Robert F. Stockton]] sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain [[Archibald Gillespie]] to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under [[Andrés Pico]].
[[File:Battle of San Pasqual by William H Meyers c1846.jpg|thumb|right|The 1846 [[Battle of San Pasqual]] was a decisive battle between American and [[Californio]] forces.]]
In the ensuing [[Battle of San Pasqual]], fought in the [[San Pasqual Valley]] which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently, a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's command.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/2003/january/war-2/|first=Richard|last=Griswold del Castillo|title=The U.S.-Mexican War in San Diego, 1846–1847 |work=San Diego Historical Society Quarterly |date=Winter 2003|volume=49|issue=1}}</ref> Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "[[Treaty of Cahuenga]]" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the [[Mexican–American War]] of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco", and the Mexican–American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of [[San Diego Bay]].<ref>{{harvnb|Griswold de Castillo|1990|page=39}}</ref>

===American period===
[[File:San Diego California Looking East Across the Bay by Alfred Mathews 1873.jpg|thumb|left|View of [[San Diego Bay]] in 1873 following the [[conquest of California|U.S. conquest of California]]]]
The state of California was admitted to the [[United States]] in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established County of San Diego and was incorporated as a city. [[Joshua H. Bean]], the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/aboutus/history.shtml|title=A History of San Diego Government|work=Office of the City Clerk|publisher=City of San Diego|access-date=May 27, 2014|archive-date=May 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505220356/http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/aboutus/history.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was reestablished in 1889, and today's city charter was adopted in 1931.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/officialdocs/legisdocs/charter.shtml |title=City of San Diego website |publisher=Sandiego.gov |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011124524/http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/officialdocs/legisdocs/charter.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now [[Old Town San Diego State Historic Park]]. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water at its port at [[La Playa, San Diego|La Playa]]. In 1850, [[William Heath Davis]] promoted a new development by the bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only of a pier, a few houses and an [[San Diego Barracks|Army depot]] for the support of [[Fort Yuma]]. After 1854, the fort became supplied by sea and by [[Steamboats of the Colorado River|steamboats on the Colorado River]] and the depot fell into disuse. From 1857 to 1860, San Diego became the western terminus of the [[San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line]], the earliest overland [[stagecoach]] and mail operation from the [[Eastern United States]] to California, coming from [[Texas]] through [[New Mexico Territory]] in less than 30 days.<ref name = "Pierce">Basil C. Pearce, [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/1969/april/jackass/ "The Jackass Mail—San Antonio and San Diego Mail Line"], ''San Diego Historical Society Quarterly'', Spring 1969, Volume 15, Number 2</ref>
[[File:View of the US Grant with the main fountain at the entrance (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Oval, black and white shoulder-height portrait of a man in his forties or fifties, slightly balding wearing a suit|[[Horton Plaza and Broadway Fountain|Horton Plaza]] honors [[Alonzo Horton]], who helped develop [[Downtown San Diego|Downtown]].]]
In the late 1860s, [[Alonzo Horton]] promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became [[downtown San Diego]]. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because its location on [[San Diego Bay]] was convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as [[Old Town, San Diego, California|Old Town]], and became the economic and governmental heart of the city.<ref name=Cornerstone>{{harvnb|Engstrand|2005|page=80}}</ref> Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.

In 1912, San Diego was the site of a [[San Diego free speech fight|free speech fight]] between the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] and the city government who passed an ordinance forbidding the [[freedom of speech]] along an area of "Soapbox Row" that led to civil disobedience, [[vigilantism]], [[police violence]], the abduction of [[Emma Goldman]]'s husband [[Ben Reitman]] and [[San Diego free speech fight|multiple riots]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hall|first=Matthew T.|date=February 8, 2012|title=100 years ago, San Diego banned free speech|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-100-years-ago-san-diego-banned-free-speech-2012feb08-story.html|access-date=July 9, 2021|website=San Diego Union-Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dotinga|first=Randy|date=March 15, 2011|title=When San Diego Had Its Own Big Labor Clash|url=https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/news/when-san-diego-had-its-own-big-labor-clash/|access-date=July 9, 2021|website=Voice of San Diego|language=en-US}}</ref> San Diego's proximity to Tijuana during the [[Mexican Revolution]] made this one of the most significant [[free speech fights]] during the [[Wobbly]] era.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Waller|first=Tom|date=April 2, 1992|title=The Wobblies and San Diego's shame {{!}} San Diego Reader|url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1992/apr/02/battle-soapbox-row/|access-date=July 9, 2021|website=San Diego Reader|language=en}}</ref>

In 1916, the neighborhood of [[Stingaree, San Diego|Stingaree]], the original home of San Diego's first [[Chinatown]] and "Soapbox Row", was demolished by anti-[[vice]] campaigners to make way for the [[Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego|Gaslamp Quarter]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Shady Ladies in the "Stingaree District" When The Red Lights Went Out in San Diego|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/74spring/stingaree.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024201814/http://sandiegohistory.org/journal/74spring/stingaree.htm|archive-date=October 24, 2005|access-date=March 8, 2011|publisher=San Diego History Center}}</ref>

[[File:Guide Book of the Panama California Exposition (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|alt=Hand drawn illustration of Balboa Park|[[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]] was built for the [[Panama–California Exposition|Panama-California Exposition of 1915]].]]
In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted the [[World's Fair]] twice: the [[Panama–California Exposition]] in 1915 and the [[California Pacific International Exposition]] in 1935. Both expositions were held in [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]], and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050501/news_1m1balboa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318030233/http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050501/news_1m1balboa.html|archive-date=March 18, 2015|title=Balboa Park future is full of repair jobs |work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=March 18, 2015|access-date=August 7, 2018}}</ref> The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the [[San Diego Zoo]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/78summer/zoo.htm |author1=Marjorie Betts Shaw |title=The San Diego Zoological Garden: A Foundation to Build on |journal=Journal of San Diego History |volume =24| issue = 3, Summer 1978 |access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> During the 1950s there was a citywide festival called [[Fiesta del Pacifico]] highlighting the area's Spanish and Mexican past.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/pourade/dream/dreamchapter5.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304120140/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/pourade/dream/dreamchapter5.htm|archive-date=March 4, 2016|title=CHAPTER 5: A Fiesta – Re-living the Days of the Dons {{!}} San Diego History Center|date=March 4, 2016|access-date=August 7, 2018}}</ref>

The southern portion of the [[Point Loma, San Diego|Point Loma]] peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the [[United States Army|Army]] set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area [[Fort Rosecrans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militarymuseum.org/FtRosecrans.html|title=Historic California Posts: Fort Rosecrans|work=California State Military Museum|access-date=November 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714022628/http://www.militarymuseum.org/FtRosecrans.html|archive-date=July 14, 2007}}</ref> Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s.<ref>[http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/kearny/page00d.html University of San Diego: Military Bases in San Diego] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411224332/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/kearny/page00d.html |date=April 11, 2007 }}</ref> By 1930, the city was host to [[Naval Base San Diego]], [[Naval Training Center San Diego]], [[San Diego Naval Hospital]], [[Camp Matthews]], and [[Camp Kearny]] (now [[Marine Corps Air Station Miramar]]). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West".<ref name = "Shepherd">{{cite journal|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/94winter/eagle.htm |author1=Gerald A. Shepherd |title=When the Lone Eagle returned to San Diego |journal=Journal of San Diego History |volume= 40| issue = s. 1 and 2, Winter 1992 |access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later [[Ryan Aeronautical]]), founded in 1925, and [[Consolidated Aircraft]] (later [[Convair]]), founded in 1923.<ref>{{cite web|title=Consolidated Aircraft/Convair Online Exhibition|url=http://sandiegoairandspace.org/exhibits/consolidated_aircraft_exhibit/|publisher=San Diego Air & Space Museum|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> [[Charles A. Lindbergh]]'s plane, the ''[[Spirit of St. Louis]]'', was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines.<ref name = "Shepherd" />
[[File:Corner of San Diego's Fifth Street and F Street, looking north, ca.1903 (CHS-9776).jpg|thumb|right|[[Downtown San Diego]], {{Circa|1903}}]]
During [[World War II]], San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865).<ref name="RM 54">Moffatt, Riley. ''Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850–1990''. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 54.</ref> During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for [[biological attack]], starting with San Diego. The plan was called "[[Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night]]" and called for [[kamikaze]] planes filled with fleas infected with plague (''[[Yersinia pestis]]'') to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because [[Japanese surrender|Japan surrendered]] five weeks earlier.<ref>Naomi Baumslag, ''Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus'', 2005, p.207</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.npr.org/2011/04/25/135638924/where-to-find-the-worlds-most-wicked-bugs| author=Amy Stewart| title=Where To Find The World's Most 'Wicked Bugs': Fleas| publisher=National Public Radio| date=April 25, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2001/06/05/commentary/world-commentary/the-trial-of-unit-731/| author=Russell Working| title=The trial of Unit 731| newspaper=The Japan Times| date=June 5, 2001}}</ref>

After World War II, the military continued to play a major role in the local economy, but post–[[Cold War]] cutbacks took a heavy toll on the local defense and aerospace industries. The resulting downturn led San Diego leaders to seek to diversify the city's economy by focusing on research and science, as well as tourism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/publications.taf?function=detail&ID=312&cat=resrep |title=Milken Institute |publisher=Milken Institute |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref>

In the early 1960s, [[Tom Hom]] would become the first Asian American member of the San Diego City Council.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=November 2017 |title=Renowned Visionary Tom Hom Honored At The Gaslamp Quarter's 150th Anniversary Gala! |url=https://www.gaslamp.org/2017/11/renowned-visionary-tom-hom-honored-gaslamp-quarters-150th-anniversary-gala/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117071107/https://www.gaslamp.org/2017/11/renowned-visionary-tom-hom-honored-gaslamp-quarters-150th-anniversary-gala/ |archive-date=2017-11-17 |access-date=16 May 2018 |website=gaslamp.org |publisher=Gaslamp Quarter Association}} {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWAaAQAAIAAJ |title=Chinese America, History and Perspectives |publisher=Chinese Historical Society of America |year=1998 |isbn=9781885864055 |page=70}}</ref> He would be succeeded by [[Leon Williams (politician)|Leon Williams]], the first Black member of the city council.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2025/03/05/leon-williams-who-shaped-san-diego-and-paved-way-for-black-leaders-dies-at-102/|title=Leon Williams, who shaped San Diego and paved way for Black leaders, dies at 102|last=Fox|first=Maura|publisher=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=March 5, 2025|access-date=April 7, 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Sdmarina.JPG|thumb|left|Starting in the 1980s, many areas of Downtown, such as the [[Marina, San Diego|Marina District]], underwent [[Urban renewal|redevelopment]].]]
From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American [[tuna]] fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world".<ref name="gala">{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/press/MOH2012|title=San Diego History Center Honors San Diego's Tuna Fishing Industry at Annual Gala|work=San Diego History Center|access-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from [[Japan]], and later from the [[Azores]] and [[Italy]] whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like [[Little Italy, San Diego|Little Italy]] and [[Point Loma, San Diego|Point Loma]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Journal of San Diego History|author1=Felando, August |author2=Medina, Harold |name-list-style=amp |title=The Origins of California's High-Seas Tuna Fleet|pages=5–8, 18|volume=58|date=Winter–Spring 2012|issue=1 & 2|issn=0022-4383}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-nov-19-re-guide19-story.html|title=It's the old country, with new condos|last=Lechowitzky|first=Irene|date=November 19, 2006|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.4sd.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/jun/20/1ez20history182544-san-diego-once-was-tuna-capital/?ap|title=San Diego once was 'Tuna Capital of World'|last=Crawford|first=Richard|date=June 20, 2009|work=San Diego Union Tribune|access-date=September 1, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Downtown San Diego was in decline in the 1960s and 1970s, but experienced some urban renewal since the early 1980s, including the opening of [[Westfield Horton Plaza|Horton Plaza]], the revival of the Gaslamp Quarter, and the construction of the [[San Diego Convention Center]]; [[Petco Park]] opened in 2004.<ref name="Erie">{{cite journal|last=Erie|first=Steven P.|author2=Kogan, Vladimir |author3=MacKenzi, Scott A.|title=Redevelopment, San Diego Style: The Limits of Public–Private Partnerships|journal=Urban Affairs Review|date=May 2010 |volume=45|issue=5|pages=644–678|doi=10.1177/1078087409359760|s2cid=154024558|issn = 1078-0874}}</ref> Outside of downtown, San Diego annexed large swaths of land and for suburban expansion to the north and control of the [[San Ysidro Port of Entry]].

As the [[Cold War]] ended, the military shrank and so did defense spending. San Diego has since become a center of the emerging biotech industry and is home to telecommunications giant [[Qualcomm]]. San Diego had also grown in the tourism industry with the popularity of attractions such as the [[San Diego Zoo]], [[SeaWorld San Diego]], and [[Legoland California]] in [[Carlsbad, California|Carlsbad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About San Diego, California |url=https://www.sandiego.org/articles/about-san-diego-ca.aspx#:~:text=San%20Diego%20is%20renowned%20for,San%20Diego%20and%20LEGOLAND%20California. |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=www.sandiego.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{See also|List of beaches in San Diego, California|Parks in San Diego}}
[[File:San Diego with Tijuana by Sentinel-2, 2020-03-09.jpg|thumb|upright|Satellite view of the [[San Diego–Tijuana]] area, a [[transborder agglomeration]] straddling the [[Mexico–United States border]] in [[the Californias]]]]

According to SDSU professor emeritus Monte Marshall, [[San Diego Bay]] is "the surface expression of a north-south-trending, nested [[graben]]". The [[Rose Canyon Fault|Rose Canyon]] and [[Point Loma Formation|Point Loma]] [[Fault (geology)|fault zones]] are part of the [[San Andreas Fault]] system. About {{convert|40|mi|km}} east of the bay are the [[Laguna Mountains]] in the [[Peninsular Ranges]], which are part of the [[American Cordillera]].<ref name=Marshall>{{cite web|title=The Geology and Tectonic Setting of San Diego Bay, and That of the Peninsular Ranges and Salton Trough, Southern California|author=Marshall, Monte|publisher=Phil Farquharson |url=http://aese2006.geology-guy.com/sd_geology_marshall.htm|access-date=July 13, 2012}}</ref>

The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its [[mesa]]s, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canyon Enhancement Planning Guide|url=http://www.sdcanyonlands.org/images/pdfs/CEP/CEPGuideMaterials/canyon_enhancement_planning_guide_1of2.pdf|publisher=San Diego Canyonlands|access-date=July 20, 2012|page=7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620091231/http://www.sdcanyonlands.org/images/pdfs/CEP/CEPGuideMaterials/canyon_enhancement_planning_guide_1of2.pdf|archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqZUHkIaSXYC&q=san+diego+canyons+neighborhoods&pg=PT129 |author=Schad, Jerry |title=Afoot and Afield in San Diego|publisher=Wilderness Press, Berkeley, Calif. |page= 111 |access-date=May 4, 2011|isbn=9780899975153 |date=March 12, 2010 }}</ref> Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The [[San Diego River]] runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley that serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. Several reservoirs and [[Mission Trails Regional Park]] also lie between and separate developed areas of the city.
[[File:Torrey Pines cliffs.jpg|thumb|left|[[Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve]]]]
Notable peaks within the city limits include [[Cowles Mountain]], the highest point in the city at {{convert|1591|ft|m}};<ref name="city data"/> [[Black Mountain Open Space Park|Black Mountain]] at {{convert|1558|ft|m}}; and [[Mount Soledad]] at {{convert|824|ft|m}}. The [[Cuyamaca Mountains]] and Laguna Mountains rise to the east of the city, and beyond the mountains are desert areas. [[Cleveland National Forest]] is a half-hour drive from downtown San Diego. Numerous farms are found in the valleys northeast and southeast of the city.

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of San Diego}}
{{climate chart
| San Diego
|50.3|66.4|1.98
|51.8|66.2|2.20
|54.5|67.0|1.46
|57.1|68.8|0.65
|60.0|69.5|0.28
|62.6|71.7|0.05
|66.1|75.3|0.08
|67.5|77.3|0.01
|66.2|77.2|0.12
|61.5|74.6|0.50
|54.8|70.7|0.79
|49.8|66.0|1.67
|float = left
|clear = left
|units = imperial
|source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/|title = NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access}}</ref>
}}

Under the [[Köppen–Geiger climate classification system]], the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a [[hot semi-arid climate]] (''[[hot semi-arid climate|BSh]]'' in the original classification<ref>{{cite journal|author=M. Kottek|author2=J. Grieser |author3=C. Beck |author4=B. Rudolf |author5=F. Rubel|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorol. Z.|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|access-date=July 9, 2013|year=2006|url-access=}}</ref> and ''BSkn'' in modified Köppen classification with the n denoting summer fog)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/atlas/pdf/Clim_12b_web.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331081841/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/atlas/pdf/Clim_12b_web.pdf|archive-date=March 31, 2010|title=Atlas of the Biodiversity of California|date=March 31, 2010|access-date=August 7, 2018}}</ref> or a [[hot-summer Mediterranean climate]]<ref>Francisco Pugnaire and Fernando Valladares eds. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fqc-_Zv3jIMC&dq=%22san+diego%22+%22mediterranean%22+koppen&pg=PA287 Functional Plant Ecology]. 2d ed. 2007. p.287.</ref> (''Csa'').<ref>Michael Allaby, Martyn Bramwell, Jamie Stokes, eds. [https://books.google.com/books?id=iHPbFExmzoQC&dq=%22san+diego%22+%22mediterranean%22+koppen&pg=PA182 Weather and Climate: An Illustrated Guide to Science]. 2006. p.182.</ref> San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters, with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round,<ref>Michalski, Greg et al. [http://www.cee.mtu.edu/~reh/papers/pubs/non_Honrath/michalski03_GL017015.pdf First Measurements and Modeling of ∆17O in atmospheric nitrate] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724021112/http://www.cee.mtu.edu/~reh/papers/pubs/non_Honrath/michalski03_GL017015.pdf |date=July 24, 2013 }}. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, No. 16. p.3. 2003.</ref> with an average of 201 days above {{convert|70|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and low rainfall ({{convert|9|-|13|in|mm|disp=x| [|]}} annually).

The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances, resulting in [[microclimate]]s. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/[[June Gloom|June gloom]]" period, a thick "[[marine layer]]" cloud cover keeps the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but yields to bright cloudless sunshine approximately {{convert|5|–|10|mi|km|0}} inland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://meteora.ucsd.edu/cap/gloom.html |title=UCSD |publisher=Meteora.ucsd.edu |date=May 14, 2010 |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613050427/http://meteora.ucsd.edu/cap/gloom.html |archive-date=June 13, 2010 }}</ref> Sometimes the June gloom lasts into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day.<ref name=weather1>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/USca0982|title=Monthly Averages for San Diego, CA|access-date=April 22, 2009|publisher=[[The Weather Channel (United States)|The Weather Channel]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502201247/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/USCA0982|archive-date=May 2, 2009}}</ref><ref name=weather_el_cajon>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/92020|title=Monthly Averages for El Cajon, CA|access-date=April 22, 2009|publisher=[[The Weather Channel (United States)|The Weather Channel]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604055354/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/92020|archive-date=June 4, 2011}}</ref> Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of {{convert|50|F|C}} and August highs of {{convert|78|F|C}}. The city of [[El Cajon, California|El Cajon]], just {{convert|12|mi|km}} inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of {{convert|42|F|C}} and August highs of {{convert|88|F|C}}.

The average surface temperature of the water at Scripps Pier in the [[California Current]] has increased by almost {{convert|3|F-change}} since 1950, according to scientists at [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Lee, Mike|title=Is global warming changing California Current?|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jun/18/taking-stock-california-current/|date=June 18, 2011|work=U-T (San Diego Union Tribune)|access-date=June 20, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, the mean minimum is now above {{convert|40|F|C}}, putting San Diego in [[hardiness zone]] 11, with the last freeze having occurred many decades ago.

[[File:SurfPacificBeach.jpg|thumb|Surfers at [[Pacific Beach, San Diego|Pacific Beach]]]]

Annual rainfall along the coast averages {{convert|10.65|in|mm}} and the median is {{convert|9.6|in|mm}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=''San Diego's average rainfall set to lower level'' |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/mar/16/san-diegos-average-rainfall-set-lower-level/ |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=March 16, 2011 |access-date=April 12, 2011}}</ref> The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging {{convert|2|in|mm}} or more. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Although there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher areas can receive {{convert|11|-|15|in|mm}} per year. Variability from year to year can be dramatic: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941, more than {{convert|24|in|mm|-1}} fell, whilst in the driest years there was as little as {{convert|3.2|in|mm|-1}}. The wettest month on record is December 1921 with {{convert|9.21|in|mm|0}}.

Snow in the city is rare, having been observed only six times in the century and a half that records have been kept.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rowe |first=Peter |url=http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071213-9999-1n13snowday.html |title=The day it snowed in San Diego |work=San Diego Union Tribune |date=December 13, 2007 |access-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810074613/http://legacy.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20071213-9999-1n13snowday.html |archive-date=August 10, 2011 }}</ref> On February 21, 2019, snow fell and accumulated in residential areas of the city, but none fell in the downtown area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Storm brings major snowfall to East County communities |url=https://fox5sandiego.com/weather/south-moving-storm-douses-county-with-rain-snow/ |website=Fox 5 |date=February 21, 2019 |publisher=Fox 5 Digital Team |access-date=February 27, 2021 |archive-date=May 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511120229/https://fox5sandiego.com/weather/south-moving-storm-douses-county-with-rain-snow/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{San Diego weatherbox}}
{{notelist}}

===Ecology===
{{see also|California coastal sage and chaparral}}
[[File:Cabrillo Monument 04.JPG|thumb|left|View of [[Coronado, California|Coronado]] from [[Cabrillo National Monument]]]]
Like much of [[Southern California]], the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied on the west by [[coastal sage scrub]] and on the east by [[chaparral]], plant communities made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs.<ref>Pryde, Philip R. 2014. "The Nature of the County: San Diego's Climate, Vegetation, and Wildlife". In: ''San Diego: An Introduction to the Region'', by Philip R. Pryde, pp. 29–45. 5th ed. Sunbelt Publications, San Diego.</ref> The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including [[tidal marsh]] and [[canyons]]. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to [[wildfire]], and the rates of fire increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.<ref name="FireVegetation">{{cite journal|last1=Wells|first1=Michael L.|first2=John F. |last2=O'Leary |first3=Janet |last3=Franklin |first4=Joel |last4=Michaelsen |first5=David E. |last5=McKinsey|title=Variations in a regional fire regime related to vegetation type in San Diego County, California (USA)|journal=Landscape Ecology|volume= 19|issue= 2|pages=139–152|date=November 2, 2004| doi = 10.1023/B:LAND.0000021713.81489.a7|bibcode=2004LaEco..19..139W |s2cid=40769609|id=1572-9761}}</ref>

San Diego's broad city limits encompass a number of large nature preserves, including [[Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve]], [[Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve]], and [[Mission Trails Regional Park]]. Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve and a coastal strip continuing to the north constitute one of only two locations where the rare species of Torrey Pine, ''[[Torrey pine|Pinus torreyana]]'', is found.<ref name="TorreyPine">{{cite web|last1=Strömberg |first1=Nicklas |first2=Michael |last2=Hogan |title=Torrey Pine: Pinus torreyana |publisher=GlobalTwitcher |date=November 29, 2008 |url=http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec.asp?thingid=62498 |access-date=April 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116150148/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec.asp?thingid=62498 |archive-date=January 16, 2009 }}</ref>
Due to the steep topography that prevents or discourages building, along with some efforts for preservation, there are also a large number of canyons within the city limits that serve as nature preserves, including [[Switzer Canyon]], Tecolote Canyon Natural Park,<ref name="TecoloteCanyon">{{cite web | url=http://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/parks/osp/tecolote/ | title=Tecolote Canyon Natural Park & Nature Center | publisher=The City of San Diego | access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> and Marian Bear Memorial Park in [[San Clemente Canyon]],<ref name="MarianBear">{{cite web | url=http://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/parks/osp/marianbear/index.shtml | title=Marian Bear Memorial Park | publisher=The City of San Diego | access-date=April 22, 2009 | archive-date=May 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505224949/http://www.sandiego.gov/park-and-recreation/parks/osp/marianbear/index.shtml | url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as a number of small parks and preserves.
[[File:Cowles Mtn. from Lake Murray - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cowles Mountain]] from [[Lake Murray (California)|Lake Murray]]]]
[[File:Old Town, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (11) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Serra Museum at [[Presidio Park]]]]
San Diego County has one of the highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species|endangered list]] of counties in the United States.<ref name="legacy.utsandiego.com">{{Cite web|url=http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/politics/20070328-9999-1n28esa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021134521/http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/politics/20070328-9999-1n28esa.html|archive-date=October 21, 2012|title=SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Politics – White House seeks limits to species act|date=October 21, 2012|access-date=August 7, 2018}}</ref> Because of its diversity of habitat and its position on the [[Pacific Flyway]], San Diego County has recorded 492 different bird species, more than any other region in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdnhm.org/archive/research/birdatlas_draft/index.html|title=San Diego County Bird Atlas Project|work=San Diego Natural History Museum|access-date=June 20, 2014}}</ref> San Diego always scores high in the number of bird species observed in the annual [[Christmas Bird Count]], sponsored by the [[Audubon Society]], and it is known as one of the "birdiest" areas in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|title=Corpus Christi Recognized as Birdiest City |url=http://www.corpuschristidaily.com/article_detail_new.cfm?id=1353 |newspaper=Corpus Christi Daily |date=December 2004 |access-date=April 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025155936/http://www.corpuschristidaily.com/article_detail_new.cfm?id=1353 |archive-date=October 25, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/36229005/Corpus-Christi-Remains-'Birdiest-City-in-America |title=Corpus Christi remains 'birdiest city in America' |date=June 25, 2008 |publisher=Corpus Christi Convention and Visitors Bureau |access-date=April 13, 2011}}</ref>

San Diego and its backcountry suffer from periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the [[Cedar Fire (2003)|Cedar Fire]], at that time the largest wildfire in California over the past century.<ref name="CedarLargeFire">{{cite journal|last=Goldstein|first=Bruce Evan|title=The Futility of Reason: Incommensurable Differences Between Sustainability Narratives in the Aftermath of the 2003 San Diego Cedar Fire|journal=Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning|volume=9|issue=3 & 4|pages=227–244|date=September 2007|doi=10.1080/15239080701622766|bibcode=2007JEPP....9..227E |s2cid=216142119}}</ref> The fire burned {{convert|280000|acres|km2}}, killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fire.ca.gov/cdf/incidents/Cedar%20Fire_120/incident_info.html |title=CalFire website |publisher=Fire.ca.gov |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-date=July 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711214728/http://www.fire.ca.gov/cdf/incidents/Cedar%20Fire_120/incident_info.html }}</ref> In addition to damage caused by the fire, smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits; the poor air quality caused San Diego County schools to close for a week.<ref>{{cite journal| last1 = Viswanathan |first1 = S.| first2 = L. |last2=Eria |first3=N. |last3=Diunugala |first4=J. |last4=Johnson |first5=C. |last5=McClean| title = An Analysis of Effects of San Diego Wildfire on Ambient Air Quality| journal = Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association| volume = 56| issue = 1| pages = 56–67| date = January 2006| url = http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=6707765&q=wildfire+%22san+diego+%22&uid=&setcookie=yes| access-date = December 15, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081227170026/http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=6707765&q=wildfire+%22san+diego+%22&uid=&setcookie=yes| archive-date = December 27, 2008| doi = 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464439| pmid = 16499147| bibcode=2006JAWMA..56...56V | s2cid = 27215815| doi-access = free}}</ref> The [[October 2007 California wildfires]] destroyed some areas, particularly within [[Rancho Bernardo, San Diego|Rancho Bernardo]], as well as the nearby communities of [[Rancho Santa Fe, California|Rancho Santa Fe]] and [[Ramona, California|Ramona]].<ref name="legacy.utsandiego.com"/>

===Neighborhoods===
{{Main|List of communities and neighborhoods of San Diego}}
The City of San Diego recognizes 52 individual areas as Community Planning Areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/index.shtml |title=City of San Diego Community Planning Areas |publisher=Sandiego.gov |access-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-date=May 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506014002/http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Within a given planning area there may be several distinct neighborhoods. Altogether the city contains more than 100 identified [[Neighborhoods of San Diego, California|neighborhoods]].

[[Downtown San Diego]] is located on [[San Diego Bay]]. [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]] encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including [[Hillcrest, San Diego|Hillcrest]] and [[North Park, San Diego|North Park]]. To the east and southeast lie [[City Heights, San Diego|City Heights]], the [[College Area]], and [[Southeast San Diego]]. To the north lies [[Mission Valley]] and [[Interstate 8]]. The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of [[Marine Corps Air Station Miramar]], include [[Clairemont, San Diego|Clairemont]], [[Kearny Mesa]], [[Tierrasanta]], and [[Navajo, San Diego|Navajo]]. Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of [[Mira Mesa]], [[Scripps Ranch]], [[Rancho Peñasquitos]], and [[Rancho Bernardo]]. The far northeast portion of the city encompasses [[Lake Hodges]] and the [[San Pasqual Valley]], which holds an agricultural preserve. [[Carmel Valley, San Diego|Carmel Valley]] and [[Del Mar Heights, San Diego|Del Mar Heights]] occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are [[Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve]] and the business center of the [[Golden Triangle, San Diego|Golden Triangle]]. Further south are the beach and coastal communities of [[La Jolla]], [[Pacific Beach, San Diego|Pacific Beach]], [[Mission Beach, San Diego|Mission Beach]], and [[Ocean Beach, San Diego|Ocean Beach]]. [[Point Loma]] occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of [[South San Diego]] (an [[Exclave]]), such as [[San Ysidro, San Diego|San Ysidro]] and [[Otay Mesa]], are located next to the [[Mexico–United States border]], and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of [[National City, California|National City]] and [[Chula Vista]]. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/nonprofits/how-san-ysidro-became-part-of-the-city-of-san-diego/|title=How San Ysidro Became Part of the City of San Diego|date=May 8, 2019|website=Voice of San Diego|language=en-US|access-date=December 9, 2019}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="100" caption="Selection of [[List of communities and neighborhoods of San Diego|neighborhoods in San Diego]]">
File:La Jolla Shores photo D Ramey Logan (cropped).jpg|[[La Jolla]]
File:North Park, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (11) (cropped).jpg|[[North Park, San Diego|North Park]]
File:La Playa, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (10) (cropped).jpg|[[Point Loma, San Diego|Point Loma]]
File:East Village, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (24).jpg|[[East Village, San Diego|East Village]]
File:Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego-1.jpg|[[Gaslamp Quarter]]
File:Guild Theater, San Diego.jpg|[[Hillcrest, San Diego|Hillcrest]]
File:University of San Diego (cropped).jpg|[[Linda Vista, San Diego|Linda Vista]]
File:San Diego - California - Yacht Harbor with Hotels (cropped).jpg|[[Columbia, San Diego|Columbia]]
File:Normal Height's sign, Adams Avenue.jpg|[[Normal Heights, San Diego|Normal Heights]]
File:Rancho Bernardo View (cropped).jpg|[[Rancho Bernardo, San Diego|Rancho Bernardo]]
File:Marina, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (35) (cropped).jpg|[[Marina, San Diego|Marina district]]
</gallery>
For the most part, San Diego neighborhood boundaries tend to be understood by its residents based on geographical boundaries like canyons and street patterns.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1538-4632.1990.tb00213.x|title=Residents' Spatial Knowledge of Neighborhood Continuity and Form', Geographical Analysis|author=Aitken, Stuart |author2=Prosser, Rudy|date=September 3, 2010|volume=22|issue=4|journal=Geographical Analysis|pages=301–325|doi-access=free}}</ref> The city recognized the importance of its neighborhoods when it organized its 2008 General Plan around the concept of a "City of Villages".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/18/city-sandag-win-planning-awards/ |title=City, SANDAG win planning awards| author=Roger Showley |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=April 18, 2010 |access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref>

===Cityscape===
{{main|List of tallest buildings in San Diego}}
[[File:US Navy 110604-N-NS602-574 Navy and Marine Corps personnel, along with community leaders from the greater San Diego area come together to commemora (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of central San Diego]]
San Diego was originally centered on the [[Old Town, San Diego|Old Town]] district, but by the late 1860s the focus had shifted to the bayfront, in the belief that this new location would increase trade. As the "New Town" – present-day Downtown – waterfront location quickly developed, it eclipsed Old Town as the center of San Diego.<ref name=Cornerstone />

The first skyscraper over {{convert|300|ft|m}} in San Diego was the [[El Cortez (San Diego)|El Cortez Hotel]], built in 1927; it was the tallest building in the city until 1963.<ref>{{cite web |title=San Diego Timeline Diagram |url=http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?cityID=120&searchname=timeline |publisher=Skyscraper Source Media |access-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> As time went on, multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the [[530 B Street]] and [[Symphony Towers]]. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is [[One America Plaza]], standing {{Convert|500|feet}} tall, which was completed in 1991.<ref name="EmpOneAmer">{{cite web|title=One America Plaza|url=http://www.emporis.com/buildings/118065/one-america-plaza-san-diego-ca-usa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223133323/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/118065/one-america-plaza-san-diego-ca-usa|archive-date=February 23, 2015|publisher=Emporis.com|url-status=usurped|access-date=May 16, 2009}}</ref> The downtown skyline contains no [[supertall]] buildings due to a regulation put in place by the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) in the 1970s, which set a {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} limit on the height of buildings within a {{Convert|1|mi|adj=on|spell=in}} radius of [[San Diego International Airport]].<ref name="500feetAirport">{{cite web|title=Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for San Diego International Airport|url=http://www.san.org/documents/aluc/SDIA_ALUCP.pdf|publisher=San Diego County Regional Airport Authority|pages=51–52|date=October 4, 2004|access-date=May 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630100212/http://www.san.org/documents/aluc/SDIA_ALUCP.pdf|archive-date=June 30, 2014}}</ref> An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.<ref name="SkyGrowsUp">{{Cite news|last=Bergman|first=Heather|title=San Diego's skyline grows up: residential towers filling some of the missing 'tools' as office projects are nearing completion|url=http://theheritagegroup.com/wp-content/press/062705.php|work=[[San Diego Business Journal]]|date=June 27, 2005|access-date=August 28, 2012|publisher=The Heritage Group|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204070303/http://theheritagegroup.com/wp-content/press/062705.php|archive-date=February 4, 2013}}</ref>

There are [[List of tallest buildings in San Diego|several new high-rises under construction]], including two that exceed 400 feet (122 m) in height.

==Demographics==
{{further|Demographics of San Diego County, California|Hispanics and Latinos in San Diego}}
{{US Census population
| 1850 = 500
| 1860 = 731
| 1870 = 2300
| 1880 = 2637
| 1890 = 16159
| 1900 = 17700
| 1910 = 39578
| 1920 = 74361
| 1930 = 147995
| 1940 = 203341
| 1950 = 334387
| 1960 = 573224
| 1970 = 696769
| 1980 = 875538
| 1990 = 1110549
| 2000 = 1223400
| 2010 = 1307402
| 2020 = 1386932
| estyear = 2023
| estimate = 1388320
| estref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population Rebounds for Many Cities in Northeast and Midwest |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/subcounty-population-estimates.html |access-date=29 May 2024 |date=May 16, 2024}}</ref>
| align-fn = center
| footnote = Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850–1990<ref name="RM 54"/> U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 27, 2015|author-link=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> 2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts"/>
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historical racial composition !! 2020<ref name="2020census">{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US0666000 |title=2020 Racial and Ethnic Statistics |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 21, 2022 }}</ref>!! 2010<ref name="Census SD quickfacts" /> !! 1990<ref name="USCensusRace2012">{{cite web |last1=Gibson |first1=Campbell |last2=Jung |first2=Kay |title=Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=February 18, 2019}}</ref>!! 1970<ref name="USCensusRace2012" /> !! 1940<ref name="USCensusRace2012" />
|-
| [[White Americans|White]] (non-Hispanic) || 40.7% || 45.1% || 58.7% || 78.9%{{efn|name="fifteen"|From 15% sample}} || n/a
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race) || 29.7% || 28.8% || 20.7% || 10.7%{{efn|name="fifteen"}} || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] (non-Hispanic) || 17.6% || 15.9% || 11.8% || 2.2% || 1.0%

|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) || 6.6% || 6.7% || 9.4% || 7.6% || 2.0%
|}
{{notelist}}

===2020===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''San Diego, California – Racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – San Diego city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US0666000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – San Diego city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0666000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – San Diego city, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US0666000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|603,892
|589,702
|style='background: #ffffe6; |565,128
|49.36%
|45.10%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |40.75%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|92,830
|82,497
|style='background: #ffffe6; |77,542
|7.59%
|6.31%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.59%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|4,267
|3,545
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3,200
|0.35%
|0.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.23%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|164,895
|204,347
|style='background: #ffffe6; |243,428
|13.48%
|15.63%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |17.55%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|5,311
|5,178
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,887
|0.43%
|0.40%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.35%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|3,065
|3,293
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,208
|0.25%
|0.25%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.59%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|38,388
|42,820
|style='background: #ffffe6; |73,243
|3.14%
|3.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.28%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|310,752
|376,020
|style='background: #ffffe6; |411,286
|25.40%
|28.76%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |29.65%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,223,400'''
|'''1,307,402'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''1,386,932'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010===
The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of {{convert|372.1|sqmi|km2|1}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/data-drive/article_0b4c5ece-49cd-11e0-be00-001cc4c002e0.html |title=Census: 1,307,402 Live in San Diego |date=March 8, 2011 |website=Voice of San Diego |access-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121228082005/http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/data-drive/article_0b4c5ece-49cd-11e0-be00-001cc4c002e0.html |archive-date=December 28, 2012 }}</ref> The urban area of San Diego had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the [[List of urbanized areas in California (by population)|third-largest]] in the state, after those of [[Los Angeles metropolitan area|Los Angeles]] and [[San Francisco metropolitan area|San Francisco]].

The 2010 population represented an increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people reported in 2000.<ref name="Census SD quickfacts">{{cite web
|title=San Diego (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau
|publisher=US Census Bureau
|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0666000.html
|access-date=February 14, 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802190059/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0666000.html
|archive-date=August 2, 2012
}}</ref> The population density was {{Convert|3771.9|PD/sqmi}}. The racial makeup of San Diego was 58.9% [[White American|White]], 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% [[Asian American|Asian]] (5.9% [[Filipino American|Filipino]], 2.7% [[Chinese American|Chinese]], 2.5% [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], 1.3% [[Indian American|Indian]], 1.0% [[Korean American|Korean]], 0.7% [[Japanese American|Japanese]], 0.4% [[Laotian American|Laotian]], 0.3% [[Cambodian American|Cambodian]], 0.1% [[Thai American|Thai]]). 0.5% [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]] (0.2% [[Guamanian]], 0.1% [[Samoan American|Samoan]], 0.1% [[Native Hawaiian]]), 12.3% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 5.1% from two or more races. 28.8% of the population was [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] (of any race);<ref name="Census SD quickfacts" /><ref name="census2010">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/ca|title=San Diego, CA Census Profile|date=March 8, 2011|access-date=March 12, 2011|work=USA Today|archive-date=March 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311130413/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/CA}}</ref> 24.9% of the total population was of [[Mexican American|Mexican]] heritage, 1.4% [[Spanish American|Spanish]] and 0.6% [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]]. The median age of Hispanic residents was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanic San Diegans were the largest group under the age of 18, while non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older.
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- San Diego (5560483270).png|thumb|left|Map of racial distribution in San Diego, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|Non-Hispanic White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]
{{As of|2019|1}}, the San Diego City and County had the fifth-largest [[Homelessness in the United States|homeless]] population among major cities in the United States, with 8,102 people experiencing homelessness.<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 AHAR: Part 1 - PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the U.S. - HUD Exchange |url=https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/5948/2019-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us/ |website=www.hudexchange.info |publisher=[[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]] |date=January 2020}}</ref> In the city of San Diego, 4,887 individuals were experiencing homelessness according to the 2020 count.<ref>{{cite web |title=Homelessness on City of San Diego Streets Drops by 12 Percent in Annual Count |url=https://www.sandiego.gov/mayor/news/releases/homelessness-city-san-diego-streets-drops-12-percent-annual-count |website=City of San Diego Official Website |date=April 28, 2020 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |archive-date=November 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102002444/https://www.sandiego.gov/mayor/news/releases/homelessness-city-san-diego-streets-drops-12-percent-annual-count }}</ref> A December 11, 2023, article in ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'' by Blake Nelson reports a notable decline in the homeless population in downtown San Diego, specifically in the urban core. According to data from the Downtown San Diego Partnership, the number of individuals living outside or in vehicles has reached a two-year low, standing at approximately 1,200 as of last month. The decrease is attributed to the implementation of the city's camping ban and the concerted efforts to establish new shelters. While enforcement has led to relatively few individuals being punished, the threat of legal consequences appears to have played a role in the reduction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Blake |date=December 12, 2023 |title=The homeless population downtown just hit a two-year low. The result is a mixed bag. |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/homelessness/story/2023-12-11/the-homeless-population-downtown-just-hit-a-two-year-low-thats-good-and-bad-news |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2000 there were 451,126 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% were non-families. Households made up of individuals account for 28.0%, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61, and the average family size was 3.30.

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over.<ref name="Census SD quickfacts"/> {{As of|2011}} the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego/population.shtml|title=Population|date=March 1, 2011|work=City of San Diego|access-date=March 2, 2016|archive-date=March 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302215417/http://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego/population.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Millennials]] (ages 26 through 42) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sdbj.com/news/2016/mar/03/san-diego-has-nations-second-largest-millennial-po/|title=San Diego Has Nation's Second-Largest Millennial Population|last=Lipkin|first=Michael|date=March 3, 2016|work=San Diego Business Journal|access-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into five-year age groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:jmr6Ynim0y4J:profilewarehouse.sandag.org/profiles/est/city14est.pdf+city+san+diego+population+age&hl=en&gl=us |title=SANDAG document |access-date=July 1, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[File:Barrio Logan, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (8) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Barrio Logan]] is a [[Chicano]] cultural hub and [[ethnic enclave]].]]
In 2000, the [[median household income|median income for a household]] in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $35,199.<ref name="2000SDCensus">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=16000US0666000&_geoContext=01000US|title=San Diego city, California|year=2000|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 22, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212052515/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=16000US0666000&_geoContext=01000US|archive-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city,<ref name="ForbesRichestCities">{{cite news|last=Clemence|first=Sara|title=Richest Cities in the U.S.|work=Forbes |date=October 28, 2005|url=https://www.forbes.com/2005/10/27/richest-cities-US-cx_sc_1028home_ls.html|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="2000SDCensus" /> As of January 1, 2008, estimates by the [[San Diego Association of Governments]] revealed that the household median income for San Diego rose to $66,715, up from $45,733 in 2000.<ref name="sandag">{{cite web|url=http://profilewarehouse.sandag.org/profiles/est/city14est.pdf|title=Population and Housing Estimates|publisher=SANDAG: Profile Warehouse|year=2008|access-date=April 22, 2009|archive-date=June 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614144150/http://profilewarehouse.sandag.org/profiles/est/city14est.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

San Diego was named the ninth-most [[LGBT rights in the United States|LGBT]]-friendly city in the U.S. in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author=Divya - NerdWallet.com |url=http://www.sdgln.com/social/2013/05/30/nerdwallet-names-most-gay-friendly-cities-sandiego |title=NerdWallet names America's most gay-friendly cities | San Diego Gay and Lesbian News |publisher=Sdgln.com |date=May 30, 2013 |access-date=June 15, 2013}}</ref> The city also has the [[Top US Gay Populations|seventh-highest population]] of gay residents in the U.S. Additionally in 2013, [[San Diego State University#LGBT-Friendly campus|San Diego State University]] (SDSU), one of the city's prominent universities, was named one of the top LGBT-friendly campuses in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.campuspride.org/tag/san-diego-state-university/ |title=San Diego State University | Campus Pride | The leading national organization for LGBT student leaders and campus groups |publisher=Campus Pride |access-date=June 15, 2013}}</ref>

===Religion===

According to a 2014 study by the [[Pew Research Center]], 68% of the population of the city identified themselves as [[Christians]], with 32% professing adherence to various [[Protestant]] churches and 32% professing [[Roman Catholic]] beliefs.<ref>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles], Pew Research Center</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life |date=May 12, 2015}}</ref> while 27% claim [[Irreligion|no religious affiliation]]. The same study found that followers of other religions (including [[Judaism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Islam]], and [[Hinduism]]) collectively made up about 5% of the population.

===Foreign-born population===
The majority of San Diego's foreign-born population were born in Mexico, the [[Philippines]], China and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://go.sandiegouniontribune.com/immigrants|title=Our immigrant story|website=go.sandiegouniontribune.com}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of San Diego}}
[[File:FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg|thumb|right|An [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18 Hornet]] flying over San Diego. The city serves as a major hub for the [[defense industry]] and [[U.S. military]].]]
[[File:OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg|thumb|right|[[One America Plaza]] is the [[List of tallest buildings in San Diego|tallest building in San Diego]].]]
The largest sectors of San Diego's economy are [[Defense industry|defense/military]], [[tourism]], [[international trade]], and [[Research and development|research]]/[[manufacturing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego/economy.shtml |title=City of San Diego website: Economic Development |publisher=Sandiego.gov |access-date=April 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506001856/http://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego/economy.shtml |archive-date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref><ref name="TribuneEconomySectors">{{cite news|last=Powell|first=Ronald W.|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20071017-9999-1b17tourism.html|title=Tourism district OK'd by council|newspaper=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=October 17, 2007|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref>
San Diego recorded a [[median household income]] of $79,646 in 2018, an increase of 3.89% from $76,662 in 2017.<ref name="datausa">[https://datausa.io/profile/geo/san-diego-ca/ San Diego] ''DataUSA''</ref> The median property value in San Diego in 2018 was $654,700,<ref name="datausa" /> and the average home has two cars per household.<ref name="datausa" />

===Top employers===
{{See also|List of companies headquartered in San Diego}}

According to the city's 2024 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,<ref name="acfr">[https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/2024-12/acfr-2024.pdf City of San Diego, California Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Year ended June 30, 2021], page 297</ref> the top employers in the city are:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Employer
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}} of Employees
|-
|[[Naval Base San Diego]]
|40,472
|-
|[[University of California, San Diego]]
|39,688
|-
|[[Sharp HealthCare]]
|20,139
|-
|[[Government of San Diego County, California|County of San Diego]]
|18,936
|-
|[[San Diego Unified School District]]
|17,226
|-
|[[Scripps Health]]
|14,732
|-
|City of San Diego
|13,408
|-
|[[Qualcomm]]
|10,124
|-
|[[Kaiser Permanente]]
|7,687
|-
|[[Northrop Grumman]]
|6,639
|}

===Defense and military===
[[File:An MH-60R Sea Hawk helicopter flies over San Diego. (24546100368) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|View of [[Naval Base San Diego]]]]
The economy of San Diego is influenced by [[Port of San Diego|its deepwater port]], which includes the only major submarine and shipbuilding yards on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Full steam ahead for Nassco shipyard in San Diego |author=Ronald D. White |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-jul-03-la-fi-made-in-california-shipyard-20110703-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=July 3, 2011 |access-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> Several major national [[defense contractor]]s were started and are headquartered in San Diego, including [[General Atomics]], [[Cubic Corporation|Cubic]], and [[National Steel and Shipbuilding Company|NASSCO]].<ref>{{cite news |title=S.D. companies dominate defense industry rankings |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2010/aug/11/8-san-diego-defense-contractors-get-high-ranking/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=August 11, 2010 |access-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitsandiego.com/resources/CPW12/2-SanDiego.pdf |title=San Diego |work=San Diego Convention Center Corporation |publisher=City of San Diego |access-date=September 1, 2012 |quote=Several major defense contractors are also headquartered in San Diego, including General Atomics, Cubic and NASSCO. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505182218/http://www.visitsandiego.com/resources/CPW12/2-SanDiego.pdf |archive-date=May 5, 2012 }}</ref>

San Diego hosts the largest naval fleet in the world:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sccoos.ucsd.edu/docs/FY11-16_IOOS_Proposal_web.pdf |title=Submitted in response to Federal Funding Opportunity: FY 2011 Implementation of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) |author=Eric Terrill |author2=Julia Thomas, Anne Footer |work=Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System |publisher=[[University of California, San Diego]] |access-date=April 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826191339/http://sccoos.ucsd.edu/docs/FY11-16_IOOS_Proposal_web.pdf |archive-date=August 26, 2011 }}</ref> In 2008 it was home to 53 ships, over 120 tenant commands, and more than 35,000 sailors, marines, [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] civilian employees and contractors.<ref name=Navy.mil /> About 5 percent of all civilian jobs in the county are military-related, and 15,000 businesses in San Diego County rely on Department of Defense contracts.<ref name=Navy.mil>{{cite web|title=Naval Base San Diego Thanks Navy League for Support|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=38356|publisher=U.S. Department of the Navy|access-date=April 7, 2011|archive-date=June 24, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624020835/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=38356}}</ref>
[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 100813-D-7203C-008 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego|Marine Corps Recruit Depot]]]]
Military bases in San Diego include [[US Navy]] facilities, [[USMC|Marine Corps]] bases, and [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] stations.
The city is "home to the majority of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's surface combatants, all of the Navy's West Coast amphibious ships and a variety of Coast Guard and Military Sealift Command vessels".<ref name=Navy.mil /><ref>{{cite news |title=San Diego companies lead state in '11 defense contracts |author=Tierney Plumb |url=http://www.sddt.com/News/article.cfm?SourceCode=20120824czf |newspaper=San Diego Daily Transcript |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=September 1, 2012 |quote=San Diego houses the largest concentration of military in the world; it is the homeport to more than 60 percent of the ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and more than one-third of the combat power of the U.S. Marine Corps. }}</ref>

The military infrastructure in San Diego is still growing and developing, with numerous military personnel stationed there, numbers of which are expected to rise. This plays a significant role in the city's economy, {{As of|2020|lc=y}}, it provides roughly 25% of the GDP and provides 23% of the total jobs in San Diego.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/military/story/2019-10-10/u-s-military-economic-footprint-in-san-diego-is-growing-new-report-says|title=U.S. military economic footprint in San Diego is growing, new report says|date=October 10, 2019|newspaper=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnic.navy.mil/Regions/cnrsw/installations/navbase_san_diego/|title=Welcome to Naval Base San Diego|website=Cnic.navy.mil|access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sdmac.org/media/uploads/meir-web.pdf|title=2020 San Diego Military Economic Impact Report|website=Sdmac.org|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-date=March 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312012524/https://www.sdmac.org/media/uploads/meir-web.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Tourism===
[[File:Balboa Park, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (224).jpg|thumb|left|[[Casa de Balboa]] at [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]] is home to the [[San Diego History Center]].]]
Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, [[Beaches in San Diego, California|beaches]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Calvert|first=Kyla|title=Arizona Visitors Still Flocking To San Diego Beaches|publisher=KPBS|location=San Diego, CA|date=July 15, 2010|url=https://www.kpbs.org/news/2010/jul/15/arizone-visitors-still-flocking-san-diego-beaches/|access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref> and tourist attractions such as [[Balboa Park (San Diego)|Balboa Park]], [[Belmont Park (San Diego)|Belmont Park]], [[San Diego Zoo]], [[San Diego Zoo Safari Park]], and [[SeaWorld San Diego]]. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in many historic sites across the city, such as [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]] and [[Old Town San Diego State Historic Park]]. Also, the [[Beer in San Diego County, California|local craft brewing industry]] attracts an increasing number of visitors<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/27/travel/san-diegos-thriving-craft-beer-scene.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Beyond San Diego's Surf and Sun: Suds|last=Dickerman|first=Sara|date=May 25, 2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thefullpint.com/beer-news/san-diego-kicks-off-first-ever-beer-week/|title=San Diego Kicks Off First-Ever Beer Week|date=August 17, 2009|work=The Full Pint|access-date=May 30, 2012}}</ref> San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital".<ref>{{cite book|last=Glassman|first=Bruce|title=San Diego's Top Brewers: Inside America's Craft Beer Capital|publisher=Chef's Press|isbn=978-0981622231|date=March 30, 2014}}</ref>

San Diego County hosted more than 32 million visitors in 2012; collectively they spent an estimated $8 billion. The visitor industry provides employment for more than 160,000 people.<ref name="sandiego.org">{{cite web|title=San Diego Tourism Industry Research|year=2012|url=http://www.sandiego.org/shared/file.download.php?id=394|publisher=San Diego Tourism Authority|access-date=July 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221093643/https://www.sandiego.org/shared/file.download.php?id=394|archive-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref>

San Diego's cruise ship industry used to be the second-largest in California. Numerous cruise lines operate out of San Diego. However, cruise ship business has been in decline since 2008, when the Port hosted over 250 ship calls and more than 900,000 passengers. By 2016–2017, the number of ship calls had fallen to 90.<ref name="MexicanRivieraLikelyEnd">{{cite news | url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/tourism/sd-fi-top-ports-20170809-story. | title=Is San Diego cruise business making a comeback? | newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune | author=Lori Weisberg | date=August 10, 2017 | access-date=December 21, 2017 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=Artix Kreiger 2 |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Local sightseeing cruises are offered in San Diego Bay and Mission Bay, as well as whale-watching cruises to observe the migration of [[gray whale]]s, peaking in mid-January.<ref name="InTheCitySanDiego.com">{{cite web|title=Whale Watching in San Diego |date=2011–2012 |url=http://www.inthecitysandiego.com/whale-watching-in-san-diego.html |publisher=InTheCity-SanDiego Tourism |access-date=February 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207005402/http://www.inthecitysandiego.com/whale-watching-in-san-diego.html |archive-date=February 7, 2012 }}</ref> [[Sport fishing]] is another popular tourist attraction; San Diego is home to southern California's biggest sport fishing fleet.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/sep/03/sport-fishing-san-diego/|title=The big hook-up: Sportfishing's superb season|last=Sisson|first=Paul|date=September 3, 2015|work=San Diego Union-Tribune|access-date=September 8, 2015|archive-date=September 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919130049/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/sep/03/sport-fishing-san-diego/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===International trade===
[[File:Cruise Ships Visit Port of San Diego 005 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Port of San Diego]] is the third-busiest port in [[California]].]]
San Diego's commercial port and its location on the [[United States–Mexico border]] make international trade an important factor in the city's economy. The city is authorized by the United States government to operate as a [[foreign-trade zone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego/trade/tradezone.shtml |title=City of San Diego:Foreign Trade Zone |access-date=April 28, 2011 |archive-date=May 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110502060753/http://www.sandiego.gov/economic-development/sandiego/trade/tradezone.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The city shares a {{convert|15|mi|km|adj=on}} border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the [[San Ysidro Land Port of Entry Expansion Project|San Ysidro Port of Entry]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Number of border crossings stabilizes |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/jul/11/number-of-border-crossings-stabilizes/ |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=July 11, 2010 |access-date=April 28, 2011}}</ref> A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the [[Otay Mesa, San Diego|Otay Mesa]] area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California–[[Baja California]] border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sandiegohealth.org/sandag/publicationid_853_1782.pdf |title=SANDAG: Otay Mesa Port of Entry Southbound Truck Route Improvements |publisher=sandiegohealth.org |access-date=April 28, 2011}}</ref>
[[File:San Ysidro Border Traffic (8653120372) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[San Ysidro Port of Entry]] is the [[Border checkpoint#Busiest checkpoints in the world|4th-busiest border crossing in the world]].]]
The [[Port of San Diego]] is the third-busiest port in California and one of the busiest on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]]. One of the Port of San Diego's two [[cargo]] facilities is located in [[downtown San Diego]] at the Tenth Avenue Marine Terminal. This terminal has facilities for [[Shipping container|containers]], [[bulk cargo]], and [[refrigerated]] and frozen storage, so that it can handle the import and export of many commodities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portofsandiego.org/maritime/tenth-avenue-terminal.html |title=Port of San Diego:10th Avenue Marine Terminal |access-date=April 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505013601/http://www.portofsandiego.org/maritime/tenth-avenue-terminal.html |archive-date=May 5, 2011 }}</ref> In 2009 the Port of San Diego handled 1,137,054 short tons of total trade; foreign trade accounted for 956,637 short tons while domestic trade amounted to 180,417 short tons.<ref>{{cite news |title=National ranking of California ports by cargo volume |url=http://www.sddt.com/news/article.cfm?SourceCode=20110321czc |newspaper=San Diego Daily Transcript |date=March 21, 2011 |access-date=April 28, 2011}}</ref>

Historically tuna fishing and canning was one of San Diego's major industries,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/tuna|title=Tuna! Celebrating San Diego's Famous Fishing Industry|work=San Diego History Center|access-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> although the American tuna fishing fleet is no longer based in San Diego. Seafood company [[Bumble Bee Foods]] is headquartered in San Diego, as was [[Chicken of the Sea]] until 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bumble Bee may buzz downtown: The tuna company considers high-profile move from Kearny Mesa |author=Roger Showley |url=http://m.utsandiego.com/news/2013/jan/29/bumblebee-downtown-headquarters/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=January 29, 2013 |access-date=February 3, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724070322/http://m.utsandiego.com/news/2013/jan/29/bumblebee-downtown-headquarters/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chicken of the Sea Moves North American HQ from S.D. to El Segundo |url=https://www.sdbj.com/news/2018/may/03/chicken-sea-moves-north-american-hq-sd-el-segundo/ |newspaper=San Diego Business Journal |date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref>

===Companies===
[[File:AT&TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[AT&T Building (San Diego)|AT&T Building]]]]
San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. [[Qualcomm]] was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego.<ref name="SDLargeEmployers">{{cite news|title=City Of San Diego Largest Employers|publisher=San Diego Daily Transcript|url=http://www.sddt.com/Databases/BusinessListings/ListCompanies.cfm?BusinessCategory_ID=140|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include [[Nokia]], [[LG Electronics]],<ref>{{cite news|author=Glazer, Joyce |title=San Diego-based LG Mobile Phones donated $250,000 to the VH1 Save the Music Foundation |date=October 6, 2008 |publisher=Entrepreneur Media |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/188738547.html |access-date=March 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/20130724024941/http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/188738547.html |archive-date=July 24, 2013 }}{{dead link|date=March 2016|reason=failed bot fix, 8/27/15}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Kyocera International]],<ref>{{cite news|author=Desjardins, Doug |date=January 11, 2010 |title=Kyocera International to Get New Leader |url=http://www.sdbj.com/news/2010/jan/11/kyocera-international-get-new-leader/ |newspaper=San Diego Business Journal |access-date=March 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/20110727002955/http://www.sdbj.com/news/2010/jan/11/kyocera-international-get-new-leader/ |archive-date=July 27, 2011 }}{{dead link|date=March 2016|reason=failed bot fix, 8/27/15}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Cricket Communications]] and Novatel Wireless.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.novatelwireless.com/index.php?option=com_qcontacts&view=contact&id=3&Itemid=93 |title=Novatel website: Corporate headquarters |access-date=April 11, 2011 |archive-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110417014154/http://www.novatelwireless.com/index.php?option=com_qcontacts&view=contact&id=3&Itemid=93 }}</ref> San Diego also has the U.S. headquarters for the Slovakian security company [[ESET]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Allen, Mike|title=ESET Polishes the Apple, Now Protects Macs|url=http://www.sdbj.com/news/2010/sep/20/eset-polishes-apple-now-protects-macs/|date=September 20, 2010|work=San Diego Business Journal|access-date=March 20, 2011}}</ref> San Diego has been designated as an iHub Innovation Center for potential collaboration between wireless and the life sciences.<ref>{{cite news|title=iHub San Diego |url=http://www.business.ca.gov/Portals/0/AdditionalResources/Reports/iHub%20Writeups-San%20Diego.pdf |publisher=California Governor's Office of Economic Development |access-date=April 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718230807/http://www.business.ca.gov/Portals/0/AdditionalResources/Reports/iHub%20Writeups-San%20Diego.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref>

The [[University of California, San Diego]] and other research institutions have helped to fuel the growth of [[biotechnology]].<ref name="UCSDIsrael">{{cite news|last=Doyle|first=Monica|title=UCSD Extension Awarded A $150,000 Grant For Biotechnology Collaboration With Israel|publisher=UCSD News|date=February 5, 2004|url=http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/awards/US_Israel.asp|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> In 2013, San Diego had the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below [[Greater Boston]] and above the [[San Francisco Bay Area]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Report: San Diego 2nd in life sciences |author=Bradley J. Fikes |url=http://m.utsandiego.com/news/2013/feb/12/san-diego-rises-to-second-place/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date=February 12, 2013 |access-date=February 15, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724070319/http://m.utsandiego.com/news/2013/feb/12/san-diego-rises-to-second-place/ }}</ref> There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sdbn.org/directory/ |title=SDBN.org |publisher=SDBN.org |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715092207/http://sdbn.org/directory/ |archive-date=July 15, 2012 }}</ref> In particular, the [[La Jolla, San Diego, California|La Jolla]] and nearby [[Sorrento Valley, San Diego, California|Sorrento Valley]] areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies.<ref name="Walcott">{{cite journal|last=Walcott|first=Susan M.|title=Analyzing an Innovative Environment: San Diego as a Bioscience Beachhead|journal=Economic Development Quarterly|date=May 2002|volume=16|issue=2|pages=99–114|doi=10.1177/0891242402016002001|s2cid=154435216|url=http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/S_Walcott_Analyzing_2002.pdf}}</ref> Major biotechnology companies like [[Illumina (company)|Illumina]] and [[Neurocrine Biosciences]] are headquartered in San Diego, while many other biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 [[contract research organization]]s (CROs) that provide contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.<ref>Bigelow, Bruce V. [http://www.xconomy.com/san-diego/2010/01/27/san-diegos-life-sciences-cros-the-map-of-clinical-research-organizations/?single_page=true "San Diego's Life Sciences CROs—The Map of Clinical Research Organizations"], "Xconomy", San Diego, January 27, 2010.</ref>

===Real estate===
[[File:Village of La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA - panoramio (48).jpg|thumb|left|[[La Jolla]] is a highly valued [[real estate]] market in San Diego.]]
San Diego has high real estate prices. San Diego home prices peaked in 2005, and then declined along with the national trend. As of December 2010, prices were down 36 percent from the peak,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=134725AB44C9BD10&p_docnum=1&s_dlid=DL0111032600040931826&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=sdubsub&s_accountid=AC0110122214325408110&s_upgradeable=no |last=Freeman, Mike |title=Housing Prices Fall Again, Index Says |work=San Diego Union Tribune |date=December 29, 2010 |access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> [[median home price|median price of homes]] having declined by more than $200,000 between 2005 and 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=12FA5631673E3420&p_docnum=6&s_dlid=DL0111032600114313695&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=sdubsub&s_accountid=AC0110122214325408110&s_upgradeable=no |last=Showley, Roger |title=Realty Revival |work=San Diego Union Tribune |date=May 9, 2010 |access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> As of May 2015, the median price of a house was $520,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/05/08/median-price-of-home-hits-520k-in-san-diego/ |title=Median price of home hits $520K in San Diego |work=FOX5 San Diego |date=May 8, 2015 |access-date=January 29, 2016 |archive-date=January 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127070949/http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/05/08/median-price-of-home-hits-520k-in-san-diego/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In November 2018 the median home price was $558,000. The San Diego metropolitan area had one of the worst housing affordability rankings of all metropolitan areas in the United States in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newgeography.com/content/00554-new-survey-improving-housing-affordability-%E2%80%93-but-still-a-way-go|title=New Survey: Improving Housing Affordability – But Still a Way to Go|author=Cox, Wendell|date=January 28, 2009|publisher=NewGeography|access-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> The San Diego Housing Market experienced a decline in the median sold price of existing single-family homes between December 2022 and January 2023, with a 2.9% decrease from $850,000 to $824,950.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.noradarealestate.com/blog/san-diego-real-estate-market/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20latest%20C.A.R.,decrease%20from%20%24850%2C000%20to%20%24824%2C950|title=The San Diego Real Estate Market is Slowing|date=February 22, 2023}}</ref> As of 2023, the majority of homes (nearly 60%) in San Diego are listed above $1 million, with the city's median home price at $910,000, ranking it fourth highest among the 30 largest U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://fox5sandiego.com/news/local-news/san-diego/san-diego-among-cities-where-majority-of-homes-cost-over-1m-study/ |last=Coakley | first= Amber |title=San Diego among cities where majority of homes cost over $1M: study |work=fox5sandiego.com |date=July 12, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713230110/https://fox5sandiego.com/news/local-news/san-diego/san-diego-among-cities-where-majority-of-homes-cost-over-1m-study/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/local/paradise-at-a-price/nearly-60-of-homes-for-sell-in-san-diego-are-over-1m/509-0061dbb2-7a93-47a8-9d07-85122bfe2794 |last=De La Fe | first= Rocio |title=Report: Nearly 60% of homes for sale in San Diego are over $1 million |work=cbs8.com |date=July 13, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714115033/https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/local/paradise-at-a-price/nearly-60-of-homes-for-sell-in-san-diego-are-over-1m/509-0061dbb2-7a93-47a8-9d07-85122bfe2794 |archive-date=July 14, 2023}}</ref>

Consequently, San Diego has experienced negative net migration since 2004. A significant number of people have moved to adjacent [[Riverside County, California|Riverside County]], commuting daily to jobs in San Diego, while others are leaving the area altogether and moving to more affordable regions.<ref name="SDGreenerPastures">{{cite news|last=Weisberg|first=Lori|title=Greener pastures outside of county?|work=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=March 22, 2007|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/uniontrib/20070322/news_1n22census.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814101856/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/uniontrib/20070322/news_1n22census.html|access-date=May 16, 2021|archive-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref>

==Government==
===Local government===
{{See also|Mayor of San Diego|San Diego City Council|Government of San Diego County, California|label 3=Government of San Diego County}}
[[File:Cabrillo Bridge Reenactment 150509-M-PG109-006 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Todd Gloria]] is the current [[mayor of San Diego]].]]
The city is governed by a mayor and a seventh-member city council. In 2006, its government changed from a [[council–manager government]] to a [[Mayor–council government|strong mayor government]], as decided by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the legislative body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/mayortransition/index.shtml |title=San Diego City website |publisher=Sandiego.gov |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720073815/http://www.sandiego.gov/mayortransition/index.shtml |archive-date=July 20, 2010 }}</ref> The City of San Diego is responsible for [[San Diego Police Department|police]], public safety, streets, water and sewer service, planning and zoning, and similar services within its borders. San Diego is a [[sanctuary city]],<ref>{{cite news |title=A close look at 'sanctuary cities' |author=Grant Martin |url=http://www.azcentral.com/news/election/azelections/articles/2011/04/10/20110410sanctuary-cities-united-states.html |newspaper=The Arizona Republic |date=April 10, 2011 |access-date=January 13, 2013 |quote=These communities – called "sanctuary cities" by both critics and defenders – are home to many of the estimated 10.8 million illegal immigrants in the U.S. and include Austin, New York City, San Diego and Minneapolis.}}</ref> however, San Diego County is a participant of the [[Secure Communities and administrative immigration policies|Secure Communities]] program.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sheriff asks to opt out of federal immigration program |author=John Coté |url=http://blog.sfgate.com/cityinsider/2010/05/18/sheriff-asks-to-opt-out-of-federal-immigration-program/ |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=May 18, 2010 |access-date=January 13, 2013 |quote=The program is already in place for numerous counties in California that have sanctuary cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and Alameda. |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511184943/http://blog.sfgate.com/cityinsider/2010/05/18/sheriff-asks-to-opt-out-of-federal-immigration-program/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Secure Communities' Program Comes Under Fire |author=Ruxandra Guidi |url=http://www.kpbs.org/news/2011/jun/20/secure-communities-program-comes-under-fire/ |newspaper=KPBS |access-date=January 13, 2013}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the city had one employee for every 137 residents, with a payroll greater than $733 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rosiak |first=Luke |date=July 22, 2013 |title=EXography: 19 U.S. cities have proportionately bigger workforces than bankrupted Detroit |url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/exography-19-u.s.-cities-have-proportionately-bigger-workforces-than-bankrupted-detroit/article/2533338 |newspaper=Washington Examiner |location=District of Columbia |access-date=May 16, 2015 |archive-date=May 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524193951/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/exography-19-u.s.-cities-have-proportionately-bigger-workforces-than-bankrupted-detroit/article/2533338 }}</ref>

The members of the city council are each elected from single-member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/elections/city/details.shtml |title=San Diego City website |publisher=Sandiego.gov |access-date=July 1, 2010 |archive-date=May 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506171405/http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/elections/city/details.shtml }}</ref> Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city,<ref name="RegDEMREP">{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/pdf/voterstats.pdf|title=Voter Registration in the City of San Diego|publisher=San Diego Office of the City Clerk|date=August 1, 2007|access-date=April 22, 2009|archive-date=March 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325032145/http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/pdf/voterstats.pdf}}</ref> and Democrats currently ({{As of|2022|lc=y}}) hold an 8–1 majority in the city council. The current mayor, [[Todd Gloria]], is a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]].
[[File:San Diego City and Administration Building.jpg|thumb|left|[[San Diego County Administration Center|County Administration Center]], seat of [[Government of San Diego County, California|San Diego County Government]]]]
San Diego is part of [[San Diego County]], and includes all or part of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th supervisorial districts of the [[Government of San Diego County, California#Board of Supervisors|San Diego County Board of Supervisors]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sdcounty.ca.gov/voters/Eng/Ehandoutmap.shtml |title=Registrar of voters: Maps of individual supervisorial districts |publisher=County of San Diego |access-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> Other county officers elected in part by city residents include the [[San Diego County Sheriff|Sheriff]], [[San Diego County District Attorney|District Attorney]], Assessor/Recorder/County Clerk, and Treasurer/Tax Collector.

Areas of the city immediately adjacent to [[San Diego Bay]] ("[[tidelands]]") are administered by the [[Port of San Diego]], a quasi-governmental agency which owns all the property in the tidelands and is responsible for its land use planning, policing, and similar functions. San Diego is a member of the regional planning agency [[San Diego Association of Governments]] (SANDAG). Public schools within the city are managed and funded by independent school districts (see [[#Education|below]]).

After narrowly supporting [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] in 1964, San Diego provided majorities to all six Republican presidential candidates from 1968 to 1988. However, in more recent decades, San Diego has trended in favor of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidates for president. [[George H. W. Bush]] in 1988 is the last Republican candidate to carry San Diego in a presidential election.

===State and federal representation===
[[File:San Diego, 2016 - 301.jpg|thumb|upright|San Diego Hall of Justice in 2016]]
In the [[California State Senate]], San Diego County encompasses the [[California's 38th State Senate district|38th]], [[California's 39th State Senate district|39th]] and [[California's 40th State Senate district|40th]] districts,<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_sd_finaldraft_splits.zip
|title = Communities of Interest – City
|publisher = California Citizens Redistricting Commission
|access-date = September 27, 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151023054153/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_sd_finaldraft_splits.zip
|archive-date = October 23, 2015
}}</ref> represented by {{Representative|casd|38|fmt=sleader}}, {{Representative|casd|39|fmt=sleader}}, and {{Representative|casd|40|fmt=sleader}}, respectively.

In the [[California State Assembly]], lying partially within the city of San Diego are the [[California's 77th State Assembly district|77th]], [[California's 78th State Assembly district|78th]], [[California's 79th State Assembly district|79th]], and [[California's 80th State Assembly district|80th]] districts,<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_ad_finaldraft_splits.zip
|title = Communities of Interest — City
|publisher = California Citizens Redistricting Commission
|access-date = September 28, 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151023054757/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_ad_finaldraft_splits.zip
|archive-date = October 23, 2015
}}</ref> represented by {{Representative|caad|77|fmt=sleader}}, {{Representative|caad|78|fmt=sleader}}, {{Representative|caad|79|fmt=sleader}}, and {{Representative|caad|80|fmt=sleader}}, respectively.

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], San Diego County includes parts or all of California's [[California's 48th congressional district|48th]], [[California's 49th congressional district|49th]], [[California's 50th congressional district|50th]], [[California's 51st congressional district|51st]], and [[California's 52nd congressional district|52nd]] congressional districts,<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_cd_finaldraft_splits.zip
|title = Communities of Interest – City
|publisher = California Citizens Redistricting Commission
|access-date = September 27, 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130930184128/http://wedrawthelines.ca.gov/downloads/meeting_handouts_072011/handouts_20110729_q2_cd_finaldraft_splits.zip
|archive-date = September 30, 2013
}}</ref> represented by {{Representative|cacd|48|fmt=usleader}}, {{Representative|cacd|49|fmt=usleader}}, {{Representative|cacd|50|fmt=usleader}}, {{Representative|cacd|51|fmt=usleader}}, and {{Representative|cacd|52|fmt=usleader}} respectively.

===Scandals===
[[File:Jacob Weinberger U.S. Courthouse, San Diego, CA Jun 03 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Jacob Weinberger United States Courthouse|Weinberger U.S. Courthouse]]]]
San Diego was the site of the 1912 [[San Diego free speech fight]], in which the city restricted speech, vigilantes brutalized and tortured anarchists, and the [[San Diego Police Department]] killed a member of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] (IWW).

In 1916, [[Rainmaking|rainmaker]] [[Charles Hatfield]] was blamed for $4 million in damages and accused of causing San Diego's worst [[Floods in the United States: 1901–2000#Southern California floods - January 1916|flood]], during which about 20 [[Japanese American]] farmers died.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jenkins, Garry|title=The Wizard of Sun City: The Strange True Story of Charles Hatfield, the Rainmaker Who Drowned a City's Dreams|year=2005|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press via Amazon Look Inside|page=Front flap|isbn=978-1-56025-675-5}}</ref>

Then-mayor [[Roger Hedgecock]] was forced to resign his post in 1985, after he was found guilty of one count of [[Conspiracy (criminal)|conspiracy]] and 12 counts of [[perjury]], related to the alleged failure to report all [[Campaign finance|campaign contributions]].<ref name=Horstman>{{cite news|author=Horstman, Barry|title=Man About Town: San Diego's Ex-Mayor Roger Hedgecock Hasn't Let His Felony Conviction Get Him Down. But This Week, the Past May Catch Up With Him.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-12-06-tm-27105-story.html|date=December 6, 1987|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 2, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Abrahamson">{{cite news|author=Abrahamson, Alan|title=Bailiff's Bias in Hedgecock Trial Disclosed|date=February 2, 1992|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-02-mn-1802-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 3, 2011}}</ref> After a series of appeals, the 12 perjury counts were dismissed in 1990 based on claims of [[juror misconduct]]; the remaining conspiracy count was reduced to a [[misdemeanor]] and then dismissed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hedgecock has clean slate; judge erases felony record |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=11782F5483FF36EF&p_docnum=4&s_dlid=DL0111060115504727581&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=sdubsub&s_accountid=AC0110122214325408110&s_upgradeable=no |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=January 1, 1991 |access-date=June 1, 2011}}</ref>

A 2002 scheme to underfund pensions for city employees led to the [[San Diego pension scandal]]. This resulted in the resignation of newly re-elected Mayor [[Dick Murphy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_24/b3937087.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050606234800/http://businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_24/b3937087.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 6, 2005 |title=San Diego's Widening Pension Woes |date= June 13, 2005 |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref> and the criminal indictment of six pension board members.<ref>Strumpf, Daniel (June 15, 2005) [https://web.archive.org/web/20090219224628/http://www.sdcitybeat.com/cms/story/detail/?id=3244 San Diego's Pension Scandal for Dummies], San Diego City Beat via Internet Archive. Retrieved April 3, 2011.</ref> Those charges were finally dismissed by a federal judge in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hall |first=Matthew T. |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/apr/08/five-cleared-in-pension-case/ |title=Five cleared in San Diego pension case |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=April 8, 2010 |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref>
[[File:San Diego, 2016 - 302 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[James M. Carter and Judith N. Keep United States Courthouse|Carter-Keep U.S. Courthouse]]]]
On November 28, 2005, U.S. Congressman [[Duke Cunningham|Randy "Duke" Cunningham]] resigned after being convicted on federal [[bribery]] charges. He had represented [[United States House of Representatives, California District 50|California's 50th congressional district]], which includes much of the northern portion of the city of San Diego. In 2006, Cunningham was sentenced to a 100-month prison sentence.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/05/AR2007010501858.html|title=Cunningham Moving to Arizona Prison |date=January 5, 2007|access-date=February 3, 2010}}</ref>

In 2005 two city council members, [[Ralph Inzunza]] and Deputy Mayor [[Michael Zucchet]], were convicted of [[extortion]], [[wire fraud]], and [[Conspiracy (criminal)|conspiracy to commit wire fraud]] for taking campaign contributions from a [[strip club]] owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange for trying to repeal the city's "no touch" laws at strip clubs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Moran |first1=Greg |last2=Thornton |first2=Kelly |title=Councilmen Guilty |name-list-style=amp |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=10B7E53625734BA8&p_docnum=1&s_dlid=DL0111040622315622760&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=sdubsub&s_accountid=AC0110122214325408110&s_upgradeable=no |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=July 19, 2005 |access-date=April 6, 2011 |archive-date=August 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809033803/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=10B7E53625734BA8&p_docnum=1&s_dlid=DL0111040622315622760&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=sdubsub&s_accountid=AC0110122214325408110&s_upgradeable=no }}</ref> Both subsequently resigned. Inzunza was sentenced to 21 months in prison.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/politics/Ralph-Inzunza-Prison-Atwater-137790888.html|title=Ralph Inzunza Goes to Prison (Soon)|date=January 20, 2012|work=NBC San Diego|access-date=July 8, 2012}}</ref> In 2009, a judge acquitted Zucchet on seven out of the nine counts against him, and granted his petition for a new trial on the other two charges;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2009/09/01/05-50902.pdf |title=Appeals Court opinion, Sept. 1, 2009 |access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref> the remaining charges were eventually dropped.<ref>{{cite news |title=''Seven Years Later, Zucchet Cleared'' |author=Greg Moran |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=132E15958E125350&p_docnum=3&s_dlid=DL0111040622192220299&s_ecproduct=SUB-FREE&s_ecprodtype=INSTANT&s_trackval=&s_siteloc=&s_referrer=&s_subterm=Subscription%20until%3A%2012%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docsbal=%20&s_subexpires=12%2F14%2F2025%2011%3A59%20PM&s_docstart=&s_docsleft=&s_docsread=&s_username=sdubsub&s_accountid=AC0110122214325408110&s_upgradeable=no |newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune |date=October 14, 2010 |access-date=April 6, 2011}}</ref>

In July 2013, three former supporters of Mayor [[Bob Filner]] asked him to resign because of allegations of repeated [[sexual harassment]].<ref>[http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/Jul/11/filner-backers-news-conference-resign/?#article-copy Filner apologizes, gets professional help], ''San Diego Union Tribune'', July 11, 2013</ref> Over the ensuing six weeks, 18 women came forward to publicly claim that Filner had sexually harassed them,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/21/us/san-diego-mayor-bob-filner-scandal|title=Another sex harassment accusation for San Diego Mayor Bob Filner|last=Lah|first=Kyung|date=August 21, 2013|work=CNN|access-date=August 22, 2013}}</ref> and multiple individuals and groups called for him to resign. Filner agreed to resign effective August 30, 2013, subsequently pleading guilty to one felony count of [[false imprisonment]] and two misdemeanor [[battery (crime)|battery]] charges.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/24/us/san-diego-mayor-resigns-in-sexual-harassment-scandal.html|title=San Diego Mayor Resigns in Sexual Harassment Scandal|date=August 23, 2013|work=NY Times|access-date=August 23, 2013}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/15/bob-filner-charged-san-diego-mayor/2987005/|title=Ex-San Diego mayor Bob Filner pleads guilty to 3 charges|date=October 15, 2013|work=USA Today|access-date=October 15, 2013}}</ref>

===Crime===
{{Main|Crime in San Diego}}
[[File:Balboa Park, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (129) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[San Diego Police Department]]]]
Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. 1991 would mark the city's deadliest year, registering 179 homicides<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/a1b8a394931f8033249fd2f31f9ec951|title=Once Again, Homicide Records Fall in Many Big Cities With Graphic|publisher=Associated Press|author=Landsberg, Mitchell|date=January 2, 1992|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> within city limits (while the [[San Diego County|region]] as a whole peaked at 278 homicides),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/publicationid_1848_17457.pdf|title=Thirty Years of Crime in the San Diego Region: 1984 through 2013|author=Burke, Cynthia|date=April 2014|access-date=January 1, 2020|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304163135/https://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/publicationid_1848_17457.pdf}}</ref> capping off an unabated, eight-year climb in murders, rapes, robberies, and assault dating back to 1983. At the time, the city was ranked last among the 10 most populous U.S. cities in homicides per 1,000 population, and ninth in crimes per 1,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-05-mn-681-story.html|title=Violent Crime Is Up Sharply in San Diego|author=Platte, Mark|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 5, 1991|access-date=December 25, 2020}}</ref> From 1980 to 1994, San Diego surpassed 100 murders ten times before tapering off to 91 homicides in 1995. That number would not exceed 79 for the next 15 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/crime-actuals1950-2019.pdf|title=San Diego Historical Crime Actuals|date=1950–2020|access-date=December 25, 2020}}</ref> Crime in San Diego increased in the early 2000s.<ref name="sdpdcrimeactuals">{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/police/pdf/UCR50to2006.pdf|title=SDPD Historical Crime Actuals 1950–2006|publisher=San Diego Police Department|date=April 14, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2009|archive-date=March 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325032143/http://www.sandiego.gov/police/pdf/UCR50to2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sdpdcrime1000">{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/police/pdf/UCRrates50to2006.pdf|title=SDPD Historical Crime Rates Per 1,000 Population 1950–2006|publisher=San Diego Police Department|date=April 14, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2009|archive-date=March 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325032144/http://www.sandiego.gov/police/pdf/UCRrates50to2006.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sdtribunecrime">{{cite news|last=Manolatos|first=Tony|author2=Kristina Davis|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060414/news_7m14stats.html|title=County crows at glowing crime report|work=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=April 14, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> In 2004, San Diego had the sixth lowest crime rate of any U.S. city with over half a million residents.<ref name="sdtribunecrime"/> From 2002 to 2006, the crime rate overall dropped 0.8%, though not evenly by category. While [[violent crime]] decreased 12.4% during this period, [[property crime]] increased 1.1%. Total property crimes per 100,000 people were lower than the national average in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crime Report for San Diego, California |url=http://www.homesurfer.com/crimereports/view/crime_report.cfm?state=CA&area=San%20Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615000602/http://www.homesurfer.com/crimereports/view/crime_report.cfm?state=CA&area=San%20Diego |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=March 23, 2011 }}</ref>

According to [[Uniform Crime Report]] statistics compiled by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) in 2010, there were 5,616 violent crimes and 30,753 property crimes. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of forcible rapes, 73 robberies and 170 aggravated assaults, while 6,387 burglaries, 17,977 larceny-thefts, 6,389 motor vehicle thefts and 155 acts of arson defined the property offenses.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/table-8/10tbl08ca.xls |title=California – Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2010 |publisher=[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] |year=2010 |access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref> In 2013, San Diego had the lowest murder rate of the ten largest cities in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Davis |first= Kristina |date= February 22, 2014 |title= Murder hits near-record low in county |url= http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/feb/22/murder-statistics-county-police-crime-2013/ |newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |access-date=April 3, 2015 }}</ref>

==Education==

===Primary and secondary schools===
{{Main|Primary and secondary schools in San Diego}}
[[File:View across the Quad at The Bishop's School in La Jolla (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[The Bishop's School (La Jolla)|The Bishop's School]] in La Jolla]]
[[State schools|Public schools]] in San Diego are operated by independent [[school district]]s. The majority of the public schools in the city are served by [[San Diego Unified School District]], the second-largest school district in California, which includes 11 K–8 schools, 107 elementary schools, 24 middle schools, 13 atypical and alternative schools, 28 high schools, and 45 [[charter school]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=San Diego Unified School District – Our District |url=http://www.sandi.net/20451072095932967/site/default.asp |publisher=San Diego Unified School District |access-date=May 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514203636/http://www.sandi.net/20451072095932967/site/default.asp |archive-date=May 14, 2011 }}</ref>

Several adjacent school districts which are headquartered outside the city limits serve some schools within the city; these include [[Poway Unified School District]], [[Del Mar Union School District]], [[San Dieguito Union High School District]], and [[Sweetwater Union High School District]]. In addition, there are a number of private schools in the city.

===Colleges and universities===
[[File:College West, San Diego, CA, USA - panoramio (36).jpg|thumb|left|[[San Diego State University]]]]
According to education rankings released by the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] in 2017, 44.4% of San Diegans (city, not county) ages 25 and older hold [[bachelor's degree]]s, compared to 30.9% in the United States as a whole. The census ranks the city as the fifth-most educated city in the United States, based on these figures.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/sandiegocitycalifornia,US,ca/PST045217 "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: San Diego County, California; California."] Census Bureau QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed March 15, 2019.</ref>

The largest university in the area is the [[University of California, San Diego]] (UC San Diego). The university is the southernmost campus of the [[University of California]] system and is the second largest employer in the city. It has the seventh largest research expenditure in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=nsf.gov - Table 20 - NCSES Higher Education Research and Development: Fiscal Year 2018 - US National Science Foundation (NSF)|url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/herd/2018/html/herd18-dt-tab020.html|access-date=January 11, 2021|website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov}}</ref>

Other public colleges and universities in the city include [[San Diego State University]] (SDSU) and the [[San Diego Community College District]], which includes [[San Diego City College]], [[San Diego Mesa College]], and [[San Diego Miramar College]].
[[File:University of San Diego (cropped2).jpg|thumb|right|[[University of San Diego]]]]
Private non-profit colleges and universities in the city include the [[University of San Diego]] (USD), [[Point Loma Nazarene University]] (PLNU), [[National University (California)|National University]]'s San Diego campus, [[University of Redlands]]' School of Business San Diego campus, and [[Brandman University]]'s San Diego campus. For-profit institutions include [[Alliant International University]] (AIU), [[Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising]]'s San Diego campus, [[NewSchool of Architecture and Design]], [[Southern States University]] (SSU), [[UEI College]], and [[Woodbury University]] School of Architecture's satellite campus.

There is one medical school in the city, the [[UC San Diego School of Medicine]]. There are three [[American Bar Association|ABA]] accredited law schools in the city, which include [[California Western School of Law]], [[Thomas Jefferson School of Law]], and [[University of San Diego School of Law]]. There is also one law school, [[Western Sierra Law School]], not accredited by the ABA.

===Libraries===
[[File:Geisel Library3.jpg|thumb|left|[[Geisel Library]] at [[UC San Diego]]]]
The city-run [[San Diego Public Library]] system is headquartered downtown and has 36 branches throughout the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiego.gov/public-library/locations/branchlist|title=Branch Listing {{!}} City of San Diego Official Website|website=www.sandiego.gov|access-date=October 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903094446/https://www.sandiego.gov/public-library/locations/branchlist|archive-date=September 3, 2016}}</ref> The newest location is in Skyline Hills, which broke ground in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/10/07/construction-begins-on-skyline-hills-library/|title=Construction begins on Skyline Hills Library|date=October 8, 2015|website=fox5sandiego.com|access-date=October 8, 2016|archive-date=October 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010235021/http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/10/07/construction-begins-on-skyline-hills-library/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The libraries have had reduced operating hours since 2003 due to the city's financial problems. In 2006 the city increased spending on libraries by $2.1 million.<ref name="SpareLibPark">{{cite news|last=Hall|first=Matthew T.|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060412/news_1m12preview.html|title=Budget spares libraries, parks|newspaper=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=April 12, 2006|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> A new nine-story Central Library on Park Boulevard at J Street opened on September 30, 2013.<ref>[http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/nov/16/new-main-library-creation-concrete/ "New main library is a creation in concrete"], ''San Diego Union-Tribune'', November 16, 2011</ref>

In addition to the municipal public library system, there are nearly two dozen libraries open to the public run by other governmental agencies, and by schools, colleges, and universities.<ref>{{cite web|title=San Diego Area Libraries |url=http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/libdirectory/index.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103013223/http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/libdirectory/index.shtml |archive-date=November 3, 2005 |publisher=San Diego State University |access-date=April 24, 2012 }}</ref> Noteworthy are [[Malcolm A. Love Library]] at [[San Diego State University]], and [[Geisel Library]] at the [[University of California, San Diego]].

==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of San Diego}}
{{See also|City of San Diego Commission for Arts and Culture}}
[[File:San Diego Museum of Man 01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Museum of Us]]]]
The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by the mixing of [[American culture|American]] and [[Mexican culture]]s, due to the city's position on the [[Mexico–United States border]], its large [[Chicano]] population, and its history as part of [[Hispanic America]] and Mexico. San Diego's longtime association with the [[U.S. military]] also contributes to its culture.

Many popular museums, such as [[the San Diego Museum of Art]], the [[San Diego Natural History Museum]], the [[Museum of Us]], the [[Museum of Photographic Arts]], and the [[San Diego Air & Space Museum]], are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the [[San Diego Zoo]]. The [[Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego]] (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at [[Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)|Santa Fe Depot]] downtown.
[[File:San Diego Museum of Art 02.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[The San Diego Museum of Art]]]]
The [[Columbia, San Diego, California|Columbia district]] downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the [[Maritime Museum of San Diego]], headlined by [[Star of India (ship)|''Star of India'']], as well as the unrelated [[USS Midway Museum|USS ''Midway'' Museum]] featuring the {{USS|Midway|CV-41|6}} aircraft carrier.

The [[San Diego Symphony]] at [[Symphony Towers]] performs on a regular basis; from 2004 to 2017, its director was [[Jahja Ling]]. The [[San Diego Opera]] at Civic Center Plaza, directed by David Bennett. [[Old Globe Theatre]] at Balboa Park produces about 15 plays and musicals annually. [[La Jolla Playhouse]] at UC San Diego is directed by [[Christopher Ashley]]. Both the Old Globe Theatre and La Jolla Playhouse have produced the world premieres of plays and musicals that have gone on to win [[Tony Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lajollaplayhouse.org/about-the-playhouse|title=La Jolla Playhouse|publisher=La Jolla Playhouse|access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref> or nominations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldglobe.org/history/index.aspx|title=Old Globe Theater|date=December 2, 1937|publisher=Oldglobe.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925092240/http://oldglobe.org/history/index.aspx|archive-date=September 25, 2010|access-date=July 1, 2010}}</ref> on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]. The [[Joan Kroc|Joan B. Kroc]] Theatre at Kroc Center's Performing Arts Center is a 600-seat state-of-the-art theater that hosts music, dance, and theater performances. Hundreds of movies and a dozen TV shows have been [[List of media set in San Diego#Films|filmed in San Diego]], a tradition going back as far as 1898.<ref>{{cite web |title=Journal of San Diego History, vol. 48, no. 2 |url=https://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/2002-2/filming.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710093602/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/2002-2/filming.htm |archive-date=July 10, 2012 |access-date=March 12, 2011 |publisher=Sandiegohistory.org}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{main|Sports in San Diego}}
[[File:Petco Park Padres Game.jpg|right|thumb|[[Petco Park]], home of the [[San Diego Padres]] (MLB)]]

Sports in San Diego includes [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional league]] teams, other [[Professional sports leagues in the United States#Other highest-level professional leagues|highest-level professional league]] teams, [[minor league]] teams, and [[college athletics]]. San Diego hosts two teams of the major professional leagues, the [[San Diego Padres]] of [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB) and [[San Diego FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS).<ref name="MLS Announcement2">{{cite press release |title=Major League Soccer awards expansion team to San Diego |date=May 18, 2023 |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/major-league-soccer-awards-expansion-team-to-san-diego-x9222 |access-date=May 18, 2023 |website=Major League Soccer}}</ref> The city is home to several universities whose teams compete in various [[NCAA Division I]] sports, most notably the [[San Diego State Aztecs]]. The [[Farmers Insurance Open]], a professional golf tournament on the [[PGA Tour]], is played annually at [[Torrey Pines Golf Course]].

San Diego hosted the [[National Football League]] (NFL)'s [[San Diego Chargers]] from 1961 to 2017, when the team relocated to the [[Greater Los Angeles]] area (now the [[Los Angeles Chargers]]). The city also hosted the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA)'s [[San Diego Rockets]] from 1967 to 1971 (now the [[Houston Rockets]]) and [[Los Angeles Clippers#1978–1984: San Diego Clippers|San Diego Clippers]] from 1978 to 1984 (now the [[Los Angeles Clippers]]). San Diego has never hosted a [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) franchise, though it hosted the [[San Diego Mariners]] of the now-defunct [[World Hockey Association]] (WHA) from 1974 to 1977.

Currently, there is no NBA, NFL, or NHL team in the city. San Diego is the largest American city not to have won a championship in a "Big Four"{{Efn|MLB, NFL, NBA, and the NHL are commonly referred to as the "Big Four".}} major professional league. The city does have one major league title to its name: the [[1963 American Football League Championship Game|1963 American Football League (AFL) Championship]] won by the San Diego Chargers, when the AFL was an independent entity prior to the [[AFL–NFL merger]] in 1970. Some San Diego sports fans believe there is [[Sports-related curses#San Diego, California|a curse]] on professional sports in the city.

The [[San Diego Clippers (NBA G League)|San Diego Clippers]] of the [[NBA G League]] have played at [[Frontwave Arena]] since 2024. The [[San Diego Seals]] of the [[National Lacrosse League]] play at [[Pechanga Arena]].

== Media ==
{{See also|Media in San Diego|List of media set in San Diego}}
Published within the city are the daily newspaper, ''[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]'' and its online portal of the same name,<ref>{{cite web|author=Hello, Guest |url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2012/jan/03/our-readers-ut-san-diego/ |title=To our readers |publisher=UTSanDiego.com |date=January 3, 2012 |access-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref> and the alternative newsweeklies, ''[[San Diego CityBeat]]'' and the ''[[San Diego Reader]]''. The ''[[Times of San Diego]]'' is a free online newspaper covering news in the metropolitan area. ''[[Voice of San Diego]]'' is a non-profit online news outlet covering government, politics, education, neighborhoods, and the arts. The ''San Diego Daily Transcript'' is a business-oriented online newspaper. San Diego is also the headquarters of the national [[Far-right politics in the United States|far-right]] cable TV channel [[One America News Network]] (OANN).

San Diego led U.S. local markets with 69.6 percent broadband penetration in 2004 according to [[Nielsen ratings|Nielsen//NetRatings]].<ref>{{cite web|title=San Diego, Phoenix and Detroit Lead Broadband Wired Cities, According to Nielsen//NetRatings|publisher=Nielsen//NetRatings|url=http://www.nielsen-netratings.com/pr/pr_040915.pdf|date=September 15, 2004|access-date=April 25, 2011|archive-date=July 24, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724162255/http://www.nielsen-netratings.com/pr/pr_040915.pdf}}</ref>

San Diego's first television station was [[KFMB-TV|KFMB]], which began broadcasting on May 16, 1949.<ref name="KFMBTV">{{cite news|last=Stigall|first=Gary|title=KFMB-TV Turns 50|publisher=Society of Broadcast Engineers Chapter 36 San Diego|date=May 3, 1999|url=http://www.sbe36.org/1999/0509_kfmbtv50.html|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> Since the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two [[VHF]] channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city. In 1952, however, the FCC began licensing [[UHF]] channels, making it possible for cities such as San Diego to acquire more stations. Stations based in Mexico (with [[ITU prefix]]es of XE and XH) also serve the San Diego market. Television stations today include [[XHJK-TDT]] 1 ([[Azteca Uno]]), [[XETV-TDT]] 6 ([[Canal 5 (Mexico)|Canal 5]]/[[Nueve (Mexican TV network)|Nueve]]), [[KFMB-TV|KFMB]] 8 ([[CBS]], with [[The CW]]/[[MyNetworkTV|MNTV]] on DT2), [[KGTV]] 10 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]), [[XHCPDE-TDT|XHCPDE]] 11 ([[Canal Once (Mexico)|Once]]), [[XEWT-TDT|XEWT]] 12 ([[Televisa Regional]]), [[KPBS (TV)|KPBS]] 15 ([[PBS]]), [[KBNT-CD]] 17 ([[Univision]]), [[XHTIT-TDT]] 21 ([[Azteca 7]]), [[XHAS-TDT]] 33 ([[XHILA-TDT|Canal 66]]), [[KDTF-LD]] 36 ([[Unimás]]), [[KNSD]] 39 ([[NBC]]), [[KSKT-CD]] 43 ([[Estrella TV]]), [[XHBJ-TDT]] 45 (Canal 45 PSN), [[KUAN-LD]] 48 ([[Telemundo]]), [[XHDTV-TDT]] 49 ([[Canal 6 (Mexico)|Canal 6]]), [[KUSI]] 51 ([[Independent station|Independent]]), [[XHUAA-TDT]] 57 ([[El Canal de las Estrellas]]), and [[KSWB-TV]] 69 ([[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]). San Diego has an 80.6 percent cable penetration rate.<ref name="San Diego cable penetration rates">San Diego market in {{cite web|url=http://www.tvb.org/market_profiles|title=Market Profiles|publisher=Television Bureau of Advertising|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807125001/https://www.tvb.org/market_profiles|archive-date=August 7, 2011|access-date=April 25, 2011}}</ref>


[[File:Parade of Lights 2017 15 - 39114099902.jpg|thumb|left|San Diego Parade of Lights]]
Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest [[media market]] in the United States that is legally unable to support a [[Duopoly (broadcasting)|television station duopoly]] between two full-power stations under [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power television stations and require that there would be eight unique station owners that remain once a duopoly is formed (there are only seven full-power stations on the California side of the San Diego-Tijuana market).<ref>[http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Mass_Media/News_Releases/1999/nrmm9019.html "FCC revives local television ownership rules"]. ''[[Federal Communications Commission]]''. August 5, 1999.</ref> As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly ([[Entravision Communications]] owns XHDTV-TV, [[Azteca (multimedia company)|Azteca]] owns [[XHJK-TV]] and [[XHTIT-TV]], and [[Televisa|Grupo Televisa]] owns [[XETV-TDT|XETV-TV]], [[XHUAA-TV]] and [[XEWT-TDT|XEWT-TV]].

San Diego's television market is limited to only [[San Diego County]]. As a result, San Diego is the largest single-county media market in the United States.

The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster [[iHeartMedia]], [[Audacy, Inc.]], Local Media San Diego, and many other smaller stations and networks. Stations include: [[KOGO (AM)|KOGO AM 600]], [[KGB (AM)|KGB AM 760]], [[KCEO|KCEO AM 1000]], [[KCBQ|KCBQ AM 1170]], [[KPRZ|K-Praise]], [[KLSD|KLSD AM 1360]], [[KFSD|KFSD 1450 AM]], [[KPBS-FM]] 89.5, [[KHTS-FM|Channel 933]], [[KMYI|Star 94.1]], [[KBZT|FM 94/9]], [[KSSX|FM News and Talk 95.7]], [[KYDO|Q96]] 96.1, [[KYXY|KyXy]] 96.5, [[Free Radio San Diego]] (AKA [[Pirate Radio]] San Diego) 96.9FM FRSD, [[KWFN]] 97.3, [[KXSN]] 98.1, [[KFBG (FM)|Big-FM 100.7]], 101.5 [[KGB-FM]], [[KLVJ (FM)|KLVJ]] 102.1, [[KSON (FM)|KSON]] 103.7, [[KIOZ|Rock 105.3]], and another ''[[Pirate Radio]]'' station at 106.9FM, as well as a number of local Spanish-language radio stations.

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
{{main|Transportation in San Diego|Streets and highways of San Diego}}
[[File:Union Station, San Diego (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)|Santa Fe Depot]] is served by [[Amtrak California]] and [[Coaster (rail service)|Coaster]] trains.]]
With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes [[Interstate 5 in California|Interstate 5]], which runs south to [[Tijuana]] and north to Los Angeles; [[Interstate 8]], which runs east to [[Imperial County, California|Imperial County]] and the [[Arizona Sun Corridor]]; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the [[Inland Empire]] to [[Las Vegas]] and [[Salt Lake City]]; and [[Interstate 805]], which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at [[Sorrento Valley, San Diego|Sorrento Valley]].

Major state highways include [[California State Route 94|SR 94]], which connects downtown with I-805, I-15 and [[East County, San Diego|East County]]; [[California State Route 163|SR 163]], which connects downtown with the northeast part of the city, intersects I-805 and merges with I-15 at [[Miramar, San Diego|Miramar]]; [[California State Route 52|SR 52]], which connects La Jolla with [[East County, San Diego|East County]] through [[Santee, California|Santee]] and [[California State Route 125|SR 125]]; [[California State Route 56|SR 56]], which connects I-5 with I-15 through [[Carmel Valley, San Diego|Carmel Valley]] and [[Rancho Peñasquitos, San Diego|Rancho Peñasquitos]]; [[California State Route 75|SR 75]], which spans [[San Diego Bay]] as the [[San Diego–Coronado Bridge]], and also passes through [[South San Diego]] as Palm Avenue; and [[California State Route 905|SR 905]], which connects I-5 and I-805 to the [[Otay Mesa Port of Entry]].
[[File:MTSgreenline-convctr (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[San Diego Trolley]] is operated by the [[San Diego Metropolitan Transit System|S.D. Metropolitan Transit System]].]]
The stretch of SR 163 that passes through Balboa Park is San Diego's oldest freeway, dating back to 1948 when it was part of [[U.S. Route 80 in California|US 80]] and [[U.S. Route 395 in California|US 395]]. It has been called one of America's most beautiful parkways.<ref>{{cite book |last=Marshall |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tG3asbfLcUsC&dq=163+beautiful+diego&pg=PA110 |title=San Diego's Balboa Park |series=Postcard History Series |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-7385-4754-1}}</ref>

San Diego's roadway system provides an extensive network of cycle routes. Its dry and mild climate makes cycling a convenient year-round option; however, the city's hilly terrain and long average trip distances make cycling less practicable. Older and denser neighborhoods around the downtown tend to be oriented to [[utility cycling]]. This is partly because the grid street patterns are now absent in newer developments farther from the urban core, where suburban-style arterial roads are much more common. As a result, the majority of cycling is recreational.
[[File:CBX exterior.jpg|thumb|The [[Cross Border Xpress]], also known as the ''Puerta de [[las Californias]]'', connects San Diego to [[Tijuana International Airport]] in [[Baja California]].]]
San Diego is served by the [[San Diego Trolley]] light rail system,<ref name="SD-Trolley">{{cite web | title=SDMTS – Trolley Information | publisher=San Diego Metropolitan Transit System | url=http://www.sdmts.com/Trolley/Trolley.asp | year=2013 | access-date=July 15, 2013}}</ref> by the [[San Diego MTS bus system|MTS bus system]],<ref>{{cite web | title=SDMTS – Bus Routes | publisher=San Diego Metropolitan Transit System | url=http://www.sdmts.com/mtscr/BusRoutes.aspx | year=2013 | access-date=July 15, 2013}}</ref> the bus rapid transit system [[Rapid (San Diego)|Rapid]], private [[Share taxi#United States|jitneys]] in some neighborhoods,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sdmts.com/sites/default/files/attachments/service_evaluation_report.pdf |title=System and Service Evaluation |date=January 2017 |publisher=San Diego Metropolitan Transit System |access-date=March 23, 2022}}</ref> and by [[Coaster (rail service)|Coaster]]<ref name="Coaster">{{cite web | title=COASTER – NCTD | publisher=North County Transit District | url=http://www.gonctd.com/coaster | access-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref> and ''[[Pacific Surfliner]]''<ref name="Surfliner">{{cite web | title=Pacific Surfliner Train – from Los Angeles to San Diego & More – Amtrak | publisher=National Railroad Passenger Corporation | url=http://www.amtrak.com/pacific-surfliner-train | year=2013 | access-date=July 15, 2013}}</ref> commuter rail; northern [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]] is also served by the [[Sprinter (rail service)|Sprinter]] hybrid rail service.<ref>{{cite web | title=SPRINTER – NCTD | publisher=North County Transit District | url=http://www.gonctd.com/sprinter | access-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref> The trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, [[Mission Valley, San Diego, California|Mission Valley]], east county, and coastal south bay. A mid-coast extension of the trolley operates from [[Old Town, San Diego, California|Old Town]] to [[University City, San Diego, California|University City]] and the [[University of California, San Diego]] along [[Interstate 5]] since November 2021. The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via [[Metrolink (California)|Metrolink]] and the Pacific Surfliner. There are two Amtrak stations in San Diego, in [[Old Town Transit Center|Old Town]] and [[Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)|Santa Fe Depot]] downtown. San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing "[[5-1-1|511]]" from any phone in the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=511 Overview |url=http://www.511sd.com/About511.aspx |publisher=SANDAG |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724071539/http://www.511sd.com/About511.aspx |archive-date=July 24, 2013 }}</ref>
[[File:San Diego International Airport (KSAN) Terminal 2 (upper deck) - August 2018.jpg|thumb|left|[[San Diego International Airport]]]]
The city has two major commercial airports within or near its city limits. [[San Diego International Airport]] (SAN) is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States.<ref name="FAAresign">{{cite news |last=Downey |first=Dave |title=FAA chief says region right to consider bases |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-faa-chief-says-region-right-to-consider-bases-2006apr25-story.html |date=April 24, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113160703/http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2006/04/25/news/top_stories/20_02_594_24_06.txt |archive-date=January 13, 2009 |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=March 8, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hepburn |first1=Adam |title=San Diego Tourism - HHJ Trial Attorneys |url=https://hhjtrialattorneys.com/san-diego-tourism/ |website=hhjtrialattorneys.com |date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=Hepburn – Hernandez – Jung |access-date=July 18, 2023}}</ref> It served over 24 million passengers in 2018 and is dealing with larger numbers every year.<ref>{{cite web|title=San Diego International Airport: Air Traffic Reports |url=https://www.san.org/News/Air-Traffic-Reports |publisher=San Diego County Regional Airport Authority |access-date=May 26, 2019 }}</ref> [[Tijuana International Airport]] has a terminal within the city limits in the [[Otay Mesa]] district connected to the rest of the airport in [[Tijuana, Mexico]], via the [[Cross Border Xpress]] cross-border footbridge. In addition, the city has two general-aviation airports, [[Montgomery-Gibbs Executive Airport]] (MYF) and [[Brown Field Municipal Airport]] (SDM).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/airports/ |title=City of San Diego:Airports |publisher=Sandiego.gov |access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref>
[[File:2012 Festival of Sail 934278934983.jpg|thumb|right|[[San Diego Bay]] Festival of Sail]]
Recent regional transportation projects have sought to mitigate congestion, including improvements to local freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal. Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and 805 around "The Merge" where these two freeways meet, as well as expansion of Interstate 15 through North County, which includes new [[High-occupancy vehicle lane|HOV "managed lanes"]]. A tollway (the southern portion of SR 125, known as the South Bay Expressway) connects SR 54 and Otay Mesa, near the Mexican border. According to an assessment in 2007, 37 percent of city streets were in acceptable condition. However, the proposed budget fell $84.6 million short of bringing streets up to an acceptable level.<ref name="37perStreets">{{cite news|first=Matthew|last=Hall|title=City: 37 percent of streets in acceptable driving condition|newspaper=[[San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=May 2, 2007|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20070502-1610-bn02streets.html|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> Expansion at the port has included a second cruise terminal on [[Broadway Pier, San Diego|Broadway Pier]], opened in 2010. Airport projects include the expansion of Terminal Two.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.san.org/sdcraa/airport_initiatives/adp/default.aspx |title=San Diego International Airport – Airport Development Plan |publisher=San Diego County Regional Airport Authority. |year=2011 |access-date=July 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724072825/http://san.org/sdcraa/airport_initiatives/adp/default.aspx |archive-date=July 24, 2013 }}</ref>

===Utilities===
Water is supplied to residents by the Water Department of the City of San Diego. The city receives most of its water from the [[Metropolitan Water District of Southern California]], which brings water to the region from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, via the state project and the Colorado River, via the Colorado Aqueduct.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MWD {{!}} Securing Our Imported Supplies |url=https://www.mwdh2o.com/securing-our-imported-supplies/ |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=www.mwdh2o.com}}</ref>

Gas and electric utilities are provided by [[San Diego Gas & Electric]], a division of [[Sempra Energy]].{{explain|date=October 2023}} The company provides energy service to 3.7 million people through 1.5 million electric meters and 900,000 natural gas meters in San Diego and southern Orange counties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Company {{!}} San Diego Gas & Electric |url=https://www.sdge.com/more-information/our-company |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=www.sdge.com}}</ref>

====Street lights====
[[File:Sandiego gaslampquarter (cropped).JPG|thumb|left|Street lights in the [[Gaslamp Quarter]]]]
In the mid-20th century the city had [[mercury vapor]] street lamps. In 1978, the city decided to replace them with more efficient [[sodium vapor]] lamps. This triggered an outcry from [[astronomer]]s at [[Palomar Observatory]] {{convert|60|mi|km|sigfig=1}} north of the city, concerned that the new lamps would increase [[light pollution]] and hinder astronomical observation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/14/us/astronomers-say-street-lights-will-blind-palomar.html|title=Astronomers say street lights will blind Palomar|last=Blakeslee|first=Sandra|date=August 14, 1983|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 20, 2014}}</ref> The city altered its lighting regulations to limit light pollution within {{convert|30|mi|km|sigfig=1}} of Palomar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/pdf/cpc/agendas/attachments/outdoorlighting.pdf|title=Outdoor lighting regulations|work=City of San Diego|access-date=February 20, 2014|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114654/http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/pdf/cpc/agendas/attachments/outdoorlighting.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2011, the city announced plans to upgrade 80% of its street lighting to new energy-efficient lights that use [[Electrodeless lamp|induction technology]], a modified form of [[fluorescent lamp]] producing a broader spectrum than sodium vapor lamps. The new system is predicted to save $2.2 million per year in energy and maintenance.<ref name="install">{{cite news|url=http://www.sdgln.com/news/2011/09/19/san-diego-install-brighter-more-efficient-streetlights|title=San Diego to install brighter, more efficient streetlights|date=September 19, 2011|work=San Diego Gay & Lesbian News|access-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, San Diego announced plans to become the first U.S. city to install cyber-controlled street lighting.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailyfusion.net/2014/01/san-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286/|title=San Diego to Link Street Lights to Industrial Internet|work=Daily Fusion|access-date=January 30, 2014|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175840/http://dailyfusion.net/2014/01/san-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286/|archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from San Diego}}

==Sister cities==
San Diego's [[sister cities]] are:<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Sister Cities|url=https://www.sandisca.org/sister-cities/|publisher=San Diego International Sister Cities Association|access-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagdeco|Spain}} [[Alcalá de Henares]], Spain (est. 1982)
* {{flagdeco|Brazil}} [[Campinas]], Brazil (est. 1995)
* {{flagdeco|Philippines}} [[Cavite City]], Philippines (est. 1969)
* {{flagdeco|Scotland}} [[Edinburgh]], Scotland (est. 1977)
* {{flagdeco|Afghanistan}} [[Jalalabad]], Afghanistan (est. 2004)
* {{flagdeco|South Korea}} [[Jeonju]], South Korea (est. 1983)
* {{flagdeco|Mexico}} [[León, Guanajuato|León]], Mexico (est. 1969)
* {{flagdeco|Panama}} [[Panama City]], Panama (est. 2015)
* {{flagdeco|Australia}} [[City of Perth|Perth]], Australia (est. 1986)
* {{flagdeco|Taiwan}} [[Taichung]], Taiwan (est. 1983)
* {{flagdeco|Ghana}} [[Tema]], Ghana (est. 1976)
* {{flagdeco|Mexico}} [[Tijuana]], Mexico (est. 1993)
* {{flagdeco|Russia}} [[Vladivostok]], Russia (est. 1991)
* {{flagdeco|Poland}} [[Warsaw]], Poland (est. 1996)
* {{flagdeco|China}} [[Yantai]], China (est. 1985)
* {{flagdeco|Japan}} [[Yokohama]], Japan (est. 1957)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[USS San Diego|USS ''San Diego'']], 4 ships

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== General sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1rvnQEACAAJ |last=Engstrand |first=Iris Wilson |author-link=Iris Engstrand|title=San Diego: California's Cornerstone |publisher=Sunbelt Publications, Inc. |date=May 30, 2005 |isbn=978-0-932653-72-7 |access-date=January 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last=Griswold de Castillo|first=Richard|title=The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_T9BS3hHzkC&q=%22San+Diego%22+%22Guadalupe+Hidalgo%22&pg=PA39|year=1990|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-2478-0}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|San Diego|voy=San Diego}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.ccdc.com/ Civic San Diego] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020921040834/http://www.ccdc.com/ |date=September 21, 2002 }} (replaced redevelopment corporations)
* [http://www.sandag.org/ SANDAG, San Diego's Regional Planning Agency]
* [https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/0666000 Demographic Fact Sheet] from [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]]
* [http://sandiegohistory.org/ San Diego Historical Society]
* [https://www.sandiegounified.org San Diego Unified School District]
* [https://www.sandiego.gov/public-library San Diego Public Library]
* [http://www.sandiego.org/ San Diego Tourism Authority (formerly the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau)]
* [https://www.zipdatamaps.com/en/us/zip-maps/ca/city/borders/san-diego-zip-code-map San Diego CA ZIP Code Map]

{{San Diego}}
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Hamilton Arena

2025-04-28T01:25:08Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Arena in Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{About|the arena in Hamilton|the arts and cultural venue in St. Catharines|FirstOntario Performing Arts Centre}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = Hamilton Arena
| logo_image = FirstOntario_Centre.svg
| image = FirstOntario Centre - Hamilton, ON.jpg
| caption = The interior of FirstOntario Centre in December 2018
| pushpin_map = Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ontario##Location within Canada
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label = FirstOntario Centre
| nickname =
| fullname =
| former_names = Copps Coliseum (1985–2014), FirstOntario Center (2014-2024)
| address = 101 York Boulevard
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada
| coordinates = {{coord|43|15|33|N|79|52|21|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| broke_ground = {{start date and age|July 8, 1983}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Balsillie Picked NHL Consultant for Copps Job|url=http://www.thespec.com/news/local/article/78752--balsillie-picked-nhl-consultant-for-copps-job|newspaper=[[The Hamilton Spectator]]|date=May 30, 2009|access-date=November 10, 2011}}</ref>
| built = 1983–1985
| opened = {{start date and age|November 30, 1985}}<ref>{{cite news |title=A Major League Gamble Rolls Today|first=Dave|last=Hall|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6QVFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3215,4090653&dq=en|newspaper=[[Windsor Star]]|date=November 30, 1985|access-date=September 23, 2011}}</ref>
| renovated = 2024–2025 (planned)
| demolished =
| owner = [[Hamilton, Ontario|City of Hamilton]]
| operator = Core Entertainment ([[HUPEG and Oak View Group]])
| surface = Multi-surface
| construction_cost = [[Canadian dollar|C$]]42.7 million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|CA|42700000|1985}}}} in {{Inflation-year|CA}} dollars{{inflation-fn|CA}})
| architect = [[John B. Parkin Associates|Parkin Partnership]] Sink Combs Dethlefs<ref>{{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.sinkcombs.com/news/awards.html|publisher=Sink Combs Dethlefs|access-date=September 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025627/http://www.sinkcombs.com/news/awards.html|archive-date=March 31, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| project_manager = Pigott Construction
| structural engineer = John A. Martin & Associates<ref>{{cite web |title=Entertainment|url=http://www.jamanv.com/projects/entertainment/|publisher=John A. Martin & Associates|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref>
| services engineer =
| general_contractor = Pigott Construction
| tenants = [[Hamilton Steelhawks (junior)|Hamilton Steelhawks]] ([[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]]) 1985–1988 [[Dukes of Hamilton (ice hockey)|Dukes of Hamilton]] (OHL) 1989–1991 [[Hamilton Skyhawks]] ([[World Basketball League|WBL]]/[[National Basketball League (1993–94 Canadian league)|NBL]]) 1992–1993 [[Hamilton Canucks]] ([[American Hockey League|AHL]]) 1992–1994 [[Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)|Hamilton Bulldogs]] (AHL) 1996–2015 [[Ontario Raiders]] ([[National Lacrosse League|NLL]]) 1998 [[Hamilton Honey Badgers]] ([[Canadian Elite Basketball League|CEBL]]) 2019–2022 [[Hamilton Bulldogs]] (OHL) 2015–2023 [[Toronto Rock]] (NLL) 2021–2024, 2025–future
| website = {{url|hamiltonarenaproject.com}}
| seating_capacity = [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]: 17,383 [[Concerts]] 19,000
| dimensions = 200 x 85 feet (expandable to 200 x 100)
}}

'''Hamilton Arena''' (originally '''Copps Coliseum''', later renamed '''FirstOntario Centre''') is a sports and entertainment arena at the corner of [[Bay Street (Hamilton, Ontario)|Bay Street North]] and [[York Boulevard]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Ontario, Canada. Opened in 1985, it has a capacity of up to 19,000.

==History==
Hamilton was left without a large [[ice hockey]] venue after the [[Barton Street Arena]] was demolished in 1977, and even that arena had a small [[seating capacity]] by modern standards. Construction on the new site was started in 1983 and completed two years later at a cost of $33.5 million, with an additional $2.3 million spent on a parking garage. The project was overseen by Hamiltonian Joseph Pigott.<ref name=GREATHAM2>{{cite news |title=Hamilton Spectator: "The Greatest Hamiltonian" (II)|first=Wade|last=Hemsworth|url=http://www.thespec.com/news/article/7687--the-greatest-hamiltonian|newspaper=[[Hamilton Spectator]]|date=March 28, 2006|access-date=February 11, 2007}}</ref>
The arena was originally named Copps Coliseum after long-time mayor [[Victor Copps]], the patriarch of a Hamilton political family that includes his daughter, former Member of [[Parliament of Canada]] and [[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|Member of Provincial Parliament of Ontario]] [[Sheila Copps]], and wife, Geraldine, who was a long-time councillor.

The arena's first scoreboard was purchased from the [[Winnipeg Arena]] for $214,000. That original Day Signs/Naden scoreboard, built in Toronto, was replaced in the early-1990s by a centre-hung scoreboard with an electronic message centre on each side. In turn, it was replaced by the current scoreboard, which was built in Hamilton by [[Media Resources]], featuring an LED video board on each side.

The arena has hosted many teams and events over the years. The [[Hamilton Steelhawks (junior)|Hamilton Steelhawks]] of the [[Ontario Hockey League]] (OHL) began play at the arena in 1985. The [[1986 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships]] were held in [[Southern Ontario]], with Copps Coliseum used as the primary venue. In a decisive game, the undefeated Soviet Union handed [[Canada men's national junior ice hockey team|Canada]] its first loss, 4–1. Copps was the primary host for the [[1987 Canada Cup]], and the site of the famous [[Wayne Gretzky|Gretzky]] to [[Mario Lemieux|Lemieux]] goal that beat the [[USSR national ice hockey team|Soviets]] 6–5 in the final. The [[Dukes of Hamilton (ice hockey)|Dukes of Hamilton]] replaced the Steelhawks as the city's OHL team and played in Copps Coliseum from 1989 to 1991. The arena hosted the [[1990 Memorial Cup]] and set the single game attendance record, on May 13, 1990, with 17,383 spectators watching the [[Oshawa Generals]] defeat the [[Kitchener Rangers]], in the final, 4–3 in double overtime on a [[Bill Armstrong (ice hockey b. 1970)|Bill Armstrong]] goal. The venue hosted a number of games in the [[1991 Canada Cup]], including the finals, when [[Canadian national men's ice hockey team|Canada]] defeated the [[United States national men's ice hockey team|United States]].

The first [[WWE|WWF]] [[Royal Rumble (1988)|Royal Rumble]], which was shown on the [[USA Network]], was held in the arena on January 24, 1988. Copps hosted the WWF pay-per-view [[Breakdown: In Your House]] on September 27, 1998, and the [[List of Billy Graham's crusades|Billy Graham crusade]] that year, attended by 19,000 spectators each night. The [[Grateful Dead]] played the Coliseum on four occasions, with two dates in 1990 and two dates in 1992.

Although [[Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games#Original Plan|the 2009 plan]] for the [[2015 Pan American Games]] based around Toronto was to host [[Volleyball at the 2015 Pan American Games|the volleyball tournament]] in Copps Coliseum, eventually it was held in the [[Enercare Centre|Toronto Exhibition Centre]].

On January 3, 2014, Nitro Circus performed at the stadium for the first ever and only stop in Canada. Due to the high-risk nature of their stunt-based shows, most North American venues will not host the events.

On January 27, 2014, Hamilton City council voted unanimously to approve a $3.5-million deal to rename Copps Coliseum after local credit union [[First Ontario]]. The city unveiled the new look signage, FirstOntario Centre, later that spring. A smaller sign reading "In honour of Victor K. Copps" appears to its right on the Bay side of the arena, and below it on the York side.

In November 2022, it was announced that beginning in the late summer of 2023, the arena would close for 20 months due to renovations. This would force the [[Hamilton Bulldogs|Bulldogs]] and [[Toronto Rock|Rock]] to relocate for all of the 2023–24 season and most of the 2024–25 season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Opinion {{!}} Teams angry FirstOntario Centre renos will displace them for two seasons |url=https://www.thespec.com/news/hamilton-region/opinion/2022/11/12/teams-angry-firstontario-centre-renos-will-displace-them-for-two-seasons.html |website=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=29 November 2022 |date=12 November 2022 |last1=Columnist |first1=Scott Radley Spectator }}</ref> As a result of the closure, the [[Hamilton Honey Badgers|Honey Badgers]] decided to permanently relocate to [[Brampton]], Ontario<ref>{{cite web |title=Honey Badgers leave Hamilton for Brampton after being forced out of FirstOntario Centre, CEBL says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-honey-badgers-brampton-1.6666533 |website=CBC News |access-date=November 28, 2022 |date=November 28, 2022}}</ref> and the Bulldogs relocated to [[Brantford]], Ontario. The renovations were delayed until December 2023 which allowed the Rock to play their first couple games of the [[2024 NLL season|2023–24 season]] at the arena, before moving to the [[Paramount Fine Foods Centre]] in [[Mississauga, Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023-24 Toronto Rock Season Will Begin in Hamilton Followed by Temporary Relocation to Mississauga |date=June 2023 |url=https://torontorock.com/news/2023-24-toronto-rock-season-will-begin-in-hamilton-followed-by-temporary-relocation-to-mississauga/}}</ref> This also allowed five [[Cirque du Soleil]] performances at the arena before its closing. However, in September 2023, it was announced that renovations would be delayed once again and that the Toronto Rock would play the entirety of the 2023–24 season in Hamilton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toronto Rock Will Play Upcoming Season in Hamilton From Start to Finish |date=September 14, 2023 |url=https://torontorock.com/news/toronto-rock-will-play-upcoming-season-in-hamilton-from-start-to-finish/}}</ref> Major construction finally began in May 2024 with completion planned for November 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Major renovations to begin at Hamilton's FirstOntario Centre |url=https://www.chch.com/major-renovations-to-begin-at-hamiltons-firstontario-centre/ |website=CHCH |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>

===Basketball===
The [[Hamilton Skyhawks]] debuted with a 101–99 win over the [[Halifax Windjammers]] in [[World Basketball League]] play, in 1992. The league folded during the season, and several Canadian teams, including the Skyhawks formed the [[National Basketball League (Canada)|National Basketball League]] for 1993, but the Hawks moved to Edmonton for the playoffs, then folded.

The Coliseum was host to the [[1994 FIBA World Championship]], along with [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] and [[SkyDome]]. The next year, the Centre hosted the [[FIBA Americas Championship for Women]], which was won by Canada. During their first two seasons of play (1995–96 and 1996–97), prior to the completion of construction on their new home the [[Air Canada Centre]], the [[Toronto Raptors]] played three regular season games at Copps Coliseum,<ref>{{cite web |title=Raptors Wrap Up Season with Best Attendance in 4 Years|first=James|last=Jia|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2013-04/18/c_132319610.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210157/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2013-04/18/c_132319610.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2013|publisher=[[Xinhua]]|date=April 18, 2013|access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref> as well as a preseason game in 1997.<ref>{{cite news |title=Raptors in Too Deep Against Nuggets|first=Doug|last=Smith|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 25, 1997}}</ref> In 1998 a strange twist of scheduling conflicts led the Toronto Raptors to play their final regular season game in Hamilton, as the Toronto Blue Jays had first right of refusal for all SkyDome dates. The Raptors had attempted to play the April 19 match at Maple Leaf Gardens, but were unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news|title=Raptors Move Final Game to Hamilton|date=January 7, 1998|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.apnews.com/7027ff09054e45b3b7471205f12cb521}}</ref>

===AHL and OHL===
The [[American Hockey League]] expanded to Copps in 1992 in the form of [[Vancouver Canucks|Vancouver's]] affiliate, the [[Hamilton Canucks]]. After two seasons, the team was moved to [[Syracuse Crunch|Syracuse]], where they became one of the league's most stable{{explain|date=March 2022}} franchises.

In October 1996, Copps Coliseum became home to the [[Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)|Hamilton Bulldogs]] of the [[American Hockey League]]. The Bulldogs, who were the top affiliate of the [[Edmonton Oilers]] (1996–2003) and the [[Montreal Canadiens]] (2002–2015), brought over 2 million fans to the arena. On June 7, 2007, the AHL Hamilton Bulldogs won their first Calder Cup Championship in franchise history at home in Copps Coliseum, defeating the Hershey Bears.

In 2015, Montreal moved its AHL affiliate to [[St. John's Icecaps|St. John's]],<ref name="Hamilton to St. John's">{{Cite web|url=http://canadiens.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=757730|title=The Montreal Canadiens announce the transfer of the Hamilton Bulldogs to St.John's, Newfoundland|publisher=[[Montreal Canadiens]]|date=March 12, 2015}}</ref> and the [[Ontario Hockey League]]'s [[Belleville Bulls]] moved to Hamilton to carry the Bulldogs banner, and Hamilton's traditional black and yellow colours, in the junior league.<ref name=cbc-hammove>{{cite web|title=Hamilton Bulldogs sell AHL franchise, buy the OHL Belleville Bulls|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/hamilton-bulldogs-sell-ahl-franchise-buy-the-ohl-belleville-bulls-1.2992840|website=CBC News|access-date=March 12, 2015}}</ref> The Bulldogs were the primary tenant in the facility until their move to Brantford became permanent in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Collaco|first1=Conrad|last2=Chandler|first2=Justin|date=2025-01-16|title=OHL's Bulldogs won't return to Hamilton, new owners sign 15-year-deal in Brantford, Ont..|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/brantford-bulldogs-hamilton-zach-hyman-1.7432170|access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

===NHL ambitions===
Copps Coliseum was built to [[National Hockey League]] capacity and specifications in the hope that it would allow Hamilton to acquire an [[potential National Hockey League expansion|NHL expansion franchise]]. However, said arena is just 36.3 miles from the home venue of the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] and 57.9 miles from the home venue of the [[Buffalo Sabres]], both of which have opposed an NHL franchise in Hamilton. Copps hosted 8 regular-season neutral-site games during the [[1992–93 NHL season|1992–93]] and [[1993–94 NHL season|1993–94]] seasons, mostly featuring the Maple Leafs or Sabres.

In 2007, Waterloo billionaire [[Jim Balsillie]], co-CEO of [[Research in Motion]], made an offer to purchase the [[Nashville Predators]] for $220 million US. His intention was to move the team to Hamilton and either use Copps Coliseum as a temporary home while a new state-of-the-art arena could be built, or to renovate the Coliseum to bring it up to modern NHL standards. The bid was unsuccessful. In the spring of 2009, the [[Phoenix Coyotes]] filed for bankruptcy and [[Jim Balsillie]] immediately offered a rumoured $212.5 million US, while stating he wanted to move the franchise to southwestern Ontario.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Balsillie Puts in Offer on Phoenix Coyotes|url=https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=277664|work=[[The Sports Network|TSN]]|date=May 6, 2009|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref> Balsillie applied for a lease option which, should the relocation have succeeded, would have invoked a 20-year lease for the team to play at Copps Coliseum.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Statement on Copps Coliseum NHL Lease Option|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/May2009/14/c4026.html|publisher=Veritas Communications Inc.|date=May 14, 2009|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Jim Balsillie statement on NHL in Hamilton|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/May2009/13/c3731.html|publisher=Veritas Communications Inc.|date=May 13, 2009|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref> On May 9, 2009, the [[Toronto Star]], [[Hamilton Spectator]] and others reported that Hamilton mayor [[Fred Eisenberger]] was to meet with a second group interested in securing a lease. The group, led by [[Vancouver]] businessmen [[Tom Gaglardi]] and [[Nelson Skalbania]], was interested in securing an interest in the [[Atlanta Thrashers]] and moving them to the centre for the 2010–11 NHL season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hamilton Mayor Only Focused on Balsillie|first=David|last=Shoalts|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article1140193.ece|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=May 9, 2009|access-date=May 24, 2012}}</ref> The team moved to Winnipeg in 2011, becoming the second incarnation of the [[Winnipeg Jets]] instead. On May 13, 2009, [[The Canadian Press]] reported on [[The Sports Network|TSN]].ca that Balsillie won the exclusive rights to Hamilton's Copps Coliseum until November after a unanimous vote by Hamilton city council. On May 29, 2009, Balsillie unveiled his plans to renovate the Centre into a state-of-the-art facility in anticipation of an NHL franchise coming to Hamilton.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Jim Balsillie Unveils Dramatic Revitalization for Copps Coliseum|url=http://smr.newswire.ca/en/jim-balsillie/jim-balsillie-unveils-dramatic-revitalization-for-copps-coliseum|publisher=Veritas Communications Inc.|date=May 29, 2009|access-date=May 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601061227/http://smr.newswire.ca/en/jim-balsillie/jim-balsillie-unveils-dramatic-revitalization-for-copps-coliseum|archive-date=June 1, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is unknown whether these renovations will come to fruition since Balsillie lost his bid to buy the Coyotes.

===Curling===
In 2007, from March 3 to 11, Copps Coliseum hosted the [[2007 Tim Hortons Brier]], the annual Canadian men's [[curling]] championship. The Coliseum hosted the West 49 Canadian Open, from September 20 to October 1.

==Images==
<gallery>
Image:Hamilton-copps.jpg|FirstOntario Centre, Bay St., looking north
Image:Copps Coliseum Hamilton.JPG|FirstOntario Centre
Image:FirstOntario Centre.jpg|FirstOntario Centre looking east on York Boulevard
Image:Hamilton Bulldogs Goal Celebration.JPG|Hamilton Bulldogs Goal Celebration
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[FirstOntario Concert Hall]]
*[[Hamilton Convention Centre]]
*[[Art Gallery of Hamilton]]
*[[Lloyd D. Jackson Square]]
*[[List of sports venues in Hamilton, Ontario]]
*[[List of indoor arenas in Canada]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|FirstOntario Centre}}
* {{Official website|https://www.hamiltonarenaproject.com/}}
* [https://www.ohlarenaguide.com/copps.htm OHL Arena Guide on FirstOntario Centre]


{{Hamilton Bulldogs}}
{{Toronto Rock}}
{{Toronto Raptors}}
{{OHL Arenas}}
{{NLL Arenas}}
{{Canada Cup World Cup of Hockey Finals venues}}
{{Battle of the Blades}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1985 establishments in Ontario]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1985]]
[[Category:Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)]]
[[Category:Ice hockey venues in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Indoor lacrosse venues in Canada]]
[[Category:Music venues in Ontario]]

[[Category:Judo venues]]
[[Category:Basketball venues in Ontario]]
[[Category:Toronto Raptors]]

Toronto Rock

2025-04-28T01:24:33Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Professional lacrosse players team in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada}}
{{for|the music television program|Toronto Rocks}}
{{Infobox sports team
| name = Toronto Rock
| logo = Toronto Rock logo.svg
| logo_size = 235px
| founded = [[1999 NLL season|1998]]
| sport = [[Box lacrosse]]
| current = 2025 Toronto Rock season
| league = [[National Lacrosse League]]
| arena = [[Hamilton Arena]]
| colours = Blue, red, silver, white {{color box|#003DA6}} {{color box|#E42827}} {{color box|#C4C6C5}} {{color box|#FFF}}
| owner = Jamie Dawick
| coach_label = Head coach
| coach = Matt Sawyer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torontorock.com/coaches/|title=Coaching Staff – Toronto Rock|website=torontorock.com|access-date=2016-10-24}}</ref>
| gm = Jamie Dawick
| league_titles = '''6''' ([[1999 NLL season|1999]], [[2000 NLL season|2000]], [[2002 NLL season|2002]], [[2003 NLL season|2003]], [[2005 NLL season|2005]], [[2011 NLL season|2011]])
| division_titles = '''9''' ([[1999 NLL season|1999]], [[2000 NLL season|2000]], [[2001 NLL season|2001]], [[2002 NLL season|2002]], [[2003 NLL season|2003]], [[2005 NLL season|2005]], [[2010 NLL season|2010]], [[2011 NLL season|2011]], [[2015 NLL season|2015]])
| media = [[The Sports Network|TSN]] / [[TSN2]] [[TSN Radio 1050]]
| website = {{URL|https://torontorock.com/|torontorock.com}}
| history = [[Ontario Raiders]] (1998)
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario]]
| blank_label = Retired numbers
| blank_data = '''3''' ([[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|7]], [[Bob Watson (lacrosse)|29]], [[Jim Veltman|32]])
}}

The '''Toronto Rock''' are a Canadian professional [[box lacrosse]] team based in the [[Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area]] that competes in the [[National Lacrosse League]] (NLL). The team was the first Canadian franchise in the NLL. The Rock play their home games at the [[Hamilton Arena]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario]].

The franchise was founded in 1998 as the [[Ontario Raiders]] in Hamilton. The Raiders played at [[Copps Coliseum]] before being sold to a group of investors led by then Toronto Maple Leafs Assistant GM [[Bill Watters]], who relocated the franchise to Toronto. They were subsequently renamed the "Toronto Rock", and began play at [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] in the [[1999 NLL season|1999 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/news980915.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020729132238/http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/news980915.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 29, 2002|title=Watters' group brings lacrosse to the Gardens|date=September 15, 1998|work=The Outsider's Guide to the NLL|author=Fuller, Dave|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref> The Toronto Rock won their 6th league championship on May 15, 2011. They hold a tie for the most championships in league history with the [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]] and the [[Buffalo Bandits]]. In the [[2001 NLL season|2001 season]], the Rock moved from the [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] to [[Scotiabank Arena]] (then known as Air Canada Centre) where they played for 20 seasons. On May 11, 2021, the team announced the relocation from Scotiabank Arena in Toronto to FirstOntario Centre in Hamilton, beginning with the 2021–22 NLL season in December. The team continues to represent Toronto while playing home games in Hamilton.<ref name="rock-to-hamilton">{{cite web|url=https://torontorock.com/news/rock-relocate-home-games-to-hamilton/|title=Rock relocate home games to Hamilton|date=May 11, 2021|work=Toronto Rock press release|access-date=2021-05-12}}</ref> The Rock temporarily relocated to Mississauga for the 2025 season while the FirstOntario Centre is closed for renovations.

==History==
The franchise was founded as an NLL expansion team in [[Hamilton, Ontario]] and began play in the [[1998 NLL season|1998 season]]. They were known as the [[Ontario Raiders]], and played their home games at [[Copps Coliseum]]. Former [[Buffalo Bandits]] coach [[Les Bartley]] was hired to coach the new team, and he lured former Bandit [[Jim Veltman]] to join him, becoming the Raiders' captain. The team finished a respectable 6–6 in their inaugural season, but missed the playoffs on a tie-breaker. Following the season, losses of $250,000 forced owner [[Chris Fritz]] to look for partners.<ref name="quits">{{cite news|title=Raiders call it quits in Hamilton|date=1998-08-20|last=Kernaghan|first=John|newspaper=[[Hamilton Spectator]]}}</ref> [[Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment]] considered purchasing the team,<ref name="quits" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Hamilton's pro lacrosse is going, going...|date=1998-07-07|last=Milton|first=Steve|newspaper=[[Hamilton Spectator]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Three-way toss up for Ontario Raiders|date=1998-07-14|last=Kernaghan|first=John|newspaper=[[Hamilton Spectator]]}}</ref> but ultimately a group which included [[Bill Watters]], the then Assistant General Manager of the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]], [[Paul Beeston]], former president of the [[Toronto Blue Jays]], [[Tie Domi]], player for the Maple Leafs, and [[Bobby Orr]], former NHL player, bought it for $250,000 and promptly relocated the team to Toronto's [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] where they rebranded it the Toronto Rock, a name chosen to reflect the city's lively rock music scene.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watters, Beeston, Domi, Orr bring pro lacrosse to town|date=1998-12-04|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|last=Brown|first=Josh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rock will test Toronto's taste for pro lacrosse|date=1998-12-24|last=Stevens|first=Neil|newspaper=[[Waterloo Region Record]]}}</ref>

===Championships/Dynasty era (1999–2005)===
In [[1999 Toronto Rock season|1999]], their first year in Toronto, the Rock won their first NLL Championship, defeating the Rochester Knighthawks 13–10 in Toronto. The [[2000 Toronto Rock season|next year]], the Rock became the first team since the 1994-95 [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Wings]] to win back-to-back championships, once again defeating the Knighthawks. That game featured [[Kaleb Toth]]'s dramatic game-winning goal with a second left on the clock, in the last-ever professional sporting event held at Maple Leaf Gardens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/game0017roto.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020728135026/http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/game0017roto.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 28, 2002|title=Rock win title on last-second shot by Toth|date=May 6, 2000|author=Koreen, Mike|work=The Outsider's Guide to the NLL|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref>
[[File:Maple Leaf Gardens Toronto Rock vs Albany Attack 8 April 2000.jpg|thumb|right|The Rock at Maple Leaf Gardens during the 2000 season]]
[[2001 Toronto Rock season|2001]] saw the Rock follow the Leafs to the [[Air Canada Centre]], where they advanced to the championship game once again. But the visiting [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]] held the Rock to just eight goals, and won their sixth championship. The [[2002 Toronto Rock season|next season]], the Rock recovered from the championship game loss by finishing first overall for the fourth straight year. They advanced to the championship game once again, but for the first time as the visiting team. The Rock defeated the [[Albany Attack]] in Albany 13–12. 2002 was also one of the most productive years for the Rock in terms of awards; in addition to winning the [[Champion's Cup]], three players were honoured by the league. [[Blaine Manning]] was named [[National Lacrosse League Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]], [[Pat Coyle (lacrosse)|Pat Coyle]] was named [[National Lacrosse League Defensive Player of the Year Award|Defensive Player of the Year]], and captain [[Jim Veltman]] was given the [[National Lacrosse League Sportsmanship Award|Sportsmanship Award]].

In [[2003 Toronto Rock season|2003]], Toronto advanced to the championship game for the fifth straight year, once again as the visitors. The game was held in Rochester, where Rock had never won a game, but they prevailed in the lowest-scoring championship game in NLL history, winning 8–6.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/game0319toro.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627034218/http://lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/game0319toro.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 27, 2003|title=Rock wins fourth title in 8-6 defense-athon|work=The Outsider's Guide to the NLL|date=May 3, 2003|author=Philly, R.A.|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref>

Shortly before the [[2004 Toronto Rock season|2004]] season began, head coach and GM [[Les Bartley]] announced that he was fighting [[colon cancer]], and was stepping down. Assistant coaches [[Ed Comeau]] and [[Derek Keenan]] were named interim coach and interim GM respectively. After a 2–4 start to the season, Comeau and Keenan were fired, and the Rock hired [[Terry Sanderson (lacrosse)|Terry Sanderson]] to try to turn the team around.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=1498|work=NLL.com|date=February 17, 2004|access-date=2009-01-23|title=Rock appoint Sanderson as coach & GM}}</ref> The Rock went 8-2 the rest of the season, earning a first round bye after clinching the East Division regular season crown. However, the [[Buffalo Bandits]] came to town and upset the Rock 19–10, sending the Bandits to the first NLL championship game ''not'' featuring the Rock since they joined the league. Jim Veltman was honoured by the league by being named league [[National Lacrosse League MVP Award|MVP]]. This was the first year in the 10-year history of the award that it did not go to [[Gary Gait]], [[Paul Gait]], or [[John Tavares (lacrosse)|John Tavares]] and the first Toronto Rock player to be named league MVP.
[[File:RoughnecksRockAction.jpg|thumb|left|The Rock playing against the [[Calgary Roughnecks]] during the Rock's final game of the [[2005 NLL season]]]]
In [[2005 NLL season|2005]], the Rock defeated the [[Rochester Knighthawks]] in the East Division Final by a score of 12–10 in front of approximately 17,200 fans at the Air Canada Centre. The Rock went on to defeat the [[Arizona Sting]] with a 19–13 win in front of an NLL record crowd of 19,432, becoming NLL champions for the fifth time in seven years and solidifying their distinction as an NLL dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=934|title=Toronto wins Edge NLL Championship game, 19-13|date=May 14, 2005|work=NLL.com|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/article/806467 | location=Toronto | work=The Star | first=Daniel | last=Girard | title=Toronto Rock goalie Bob Watson 'enjoying the ride' again after train-wreck '09 season | date=May 7, 2010}}</ref> [[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|Colin Doyle]] was named league MVP, the second straight year that the award was won by a Rock player.

Despite the championship, the season ended on a sad note for the Rock franchise, as Les Bartley died of cancer at the age of 51 the day after the championship game. Bartley is remembered as an exceptional coach, having led the Toronto Rock to NLL Championships in 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/news050515.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522235643/http://www.lacrosse-network.com/outsidersguide/news050515.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 22, 2006|date=May 15, 2005|work=The Outsider's Guide to the NLL|title=Les Bartley, 51, loses battle with cancer|author=Philly, R.A.|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=932|title=Remembering Les|date=May 16, 2005|work=NLL.com|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref>

In [[2004 NLL season|2004]], the NLL Coach of the Year Award was renamed the [[Les Bartley Award]] in honour of Bartley.

===Kloepfer era (2006–2009)===
From 1999 to 2005, the Rock finished either first overall or first in their division every year, winning five championships. The next few years, however, would bring the franchise back down to Earth. The Rock struggled during the early part of the [[2006 NLL season|2006]] season; however, their record balanced out to 8–8 at season's end. They made the playoffs, only to be defeated by the first place Knighthawks at [[Blue Cross Arena]] in Rochester by a score of 16–8. Head coach and GM [[Terry Sanderson (lacrosse)|Terry Sanderson]] was fired after the season,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/article.php?id=437|title=Rock Search for New Head Coach|work=NLL.com|date=May 9, 2006|access-date=2008-04-29}}</ref> and was replaced by new Director of Lacrosse Operations Mike Kloepfer and new head coach [[Glenn Clark]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/article.php?id=415|work=NLL.com|title=Rock Completes Coaching & Operations Staff|date=May 23, 2006|access-date=2008-04-29}}</ref> Clark had played eight seasons with the Rock and had just finished an All-Star season as a member of the [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]], but retired from playing to take the head coaching job with his old club.

Kloepfer made his mark on the team quickly, trading perennial All-Star, former Rookie of the Year and league MVP [[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|Colin Doyle]] to the [[San Jose Stealth]] along with Darren Halls and a draft pick for first overall draft pick [[Ryan Benesch]], Kevin Fines, Chad Thompson and two draft picks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/article.php?id=2629|title=Colossal Trade as Season Nears|work=NLL.com|date=December 27, 2006|access-date=2008-04-29}}</ref> Benesch had a very good rookie year, scoring 33 goals and winning the [[National Lacrosse League Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year award]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/article.php?id=2942|work=NLL.com|title=Benesch Named Rookie of the Year|date=May 8, 2007|access-date=2009-01-20|archive-date=2007-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512072522/http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=2942|url-status=dead}}</ref> but the Rock under rookie coach Clark struggled to a worst-ever 6–10 record, barely making the playoffs. They lost the division semifinal against Rochester, who would go on to win their first championship since 1997.

In [[2007 NLL season|2007]], the Toronto Rock established an award also called the [[Les Bartley Award (Toronto Rock)|Les Bartley Award]], given to "the Rock player that best exemplifies Les' emphasis on the importance of character and commitment to the team".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/article.php?id=2856|title=Rock Establish Award in Bartley's Honor|work=NLL.com|date=March 29, 2007|access-date=2007-04-14}}</ref> The first winner of this award was team captain [[Jim Veltman]].

Toronto's struggles continued in [[2008 NLL season|2008]], as the Rock lost their last five games of the season. They finished below .500 for the second straight year, and for the first time since their move to Toronto in 1999, the Rock finished out of the playoffs. Despite the losing season, goaltender [[Bob Watson (lacrosse)|Bob Watson]] was named [[National Lacrosse League Goaltender of the Year Award|Goaltender of the Year]]. 2008 also featured the final season of the only captain the Rock franchise had ever had, [[Jim Veltman]]. Veltman retired after fifteen seasons in the NLL, winning seven championships (two with the Bandits and five with the Rock). [[Chris Driscoll]] was named the new Rock captain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontorock.com/index.php/article/rock-announce-chris-driscoll-as-new-captain|work=Toronto Rock web site|date=November 6, 2008|access-date=2009-01-20|title=Rock announce Chris Driscoll as new captain}}</ref>
[[File:Buffalo Bandits at Toronto Rock.jpg|thumb|The Rock during their first home game of the [[2009 NLL season]], playing against the [[Buffalo Bandits]]]]
After starting the [[2009 NLL season|2009 season]] with a 1–2 record, the Rock relieved Clark and assistant coach Veltman and Terry Bullen of their coaching duties, and hired former Chicago and Colorado coach [[Jamie Batley]] as the new Rock head coach. Clark and Bullen were fired, and Veltman was retained in an advisory position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://torontorock.com/index.php/article/toronto-rock-hire-new-coaching-staff|work=TorontoRock.com|title=Toronto Rock hire new coaching staff|date=January 20, 2009|access-date=2009-01-20}}</ref> The coaching change was not enough to propel the Rock back into the playoffs, however. They finished last in the East and out of the playoffs for the second straight year. Director of Lacrosse Operations Mike Kloepfer resigned shortly after the season ended.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nllinsider.com/2009/04/29/breaking-news-toronto-rock-director-of-lacrosse-operations-mike-kloepfer-resigns/|title=Breaking News: Toronto Rock Director of Lacrosse Operations Mike Kloepfer resigns|date=April 29, 2009|access-date=2009-04-29|work=NLL Insider}}</ref>

===Jamie Dawick era (2009–present)===
On June 10, 2009, the Rock announced that former GM and coach Terry Sanderson had been brought back as the new GM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsn.ca/lacrosse/story/?id=281482|work=[[The Sports Network|TSN]]|title=Sanderson Leaves Roughnecks To Become GM Of Rock|date=June 10, 2009|access-date=2009-06-11}}</ref> Jamie Batley was also told by the Rock that he would not be returning as head coach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1608105|title=Batley won't be back with the Rock|date=June 11, 2009|access-date=2009-06-11|work=[[Peterborough Examiner]]|author=Davies, Mike}}</ref> At the end of the month, the team announced that the Rock had been sold to [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]]-based businessman James Dawick, with Waters saying the price was "in the seven figures."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/lacrosse/2009/07/01/poker_pro_takes_a_gamble_on_revitalizing_rock.html|title=Poker pro takes a gamble on revitalizing Rock|date=2009-07-01|last=Grossman|first=David|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> Two weeks later, former [[Calgary Roughnecks]] head coach Troy Cordingley was named as the new coach,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4017|work=NLL.com|title=Rock Name Cordingley Head Coach|date=July 14, 2009|access-date=2009-08-11}}</ref> giving the Rock an entirely new staff from ownership on down.

Sanderson wasted no time in the rebuilding efforts, most notably re-acquiring [[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|Colin Doyle]] from [[Washington Stealth|Washington]] in exchange for [[Lewis Ratcliff]], Tyler Codron and Joel Dalgarno.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nllinsider.com/2009/12/15/dissecting-the-doyle-trade-who-wins/ |title=Dissecting the Doyle Trade, Who wins? {{!}} NLL Insider |website=www.nllinsider.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121081147/http://www.nllinsider.com/2009/12/15/dissecting-the-doyle-trade-who-wins/ |archive-date=2010-01-21}} </ref>
He also traded [[Luke Wiles]] to Washington and [[Bill McGlone]] to [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia]], and re-acquiring former Rock defender Sandy Chapman from [[Rochester Knighthawks|Rochester]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4013|title=Busy Day on Trading Front|work=NLL.com|date=July 7, 2009|access-date=2009-08-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612003811/http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4013|archive-date=June 12, 2011}}</ref> He then traded team captain [[Chris Driscoll]] to the [[Buffalo Bandits]] for another former Rock defender [[Phil Sanderson]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4033|title=Rock and Bandits Swap Driscoll, Sanderson|work=NLL.com|date=July 31, 2009|access-date=2009-08-11}}</ref> and acquired [[Mike Hominuck]] from [[Edmonton Rush|Edmonton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4027|title=Hominuck Heads to Toronto|work=NLL.com|date=July 27, 2009|access-date=2009-08-11}}</ref> and [[Pat McCready]] from Buffalo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4034|title=McCready Heading to Rock For Draft Picks|work=NLL.com|date=August 4, 2009|access-date=2009-08-11}}</ref> both for draft picks.

The moves paid off immediately, as the Rock began the [[2010 Toronto Rock season|2010]] season 6-1 en route to a 9–7 record. This was good for second place in the East and the Rock's first playoff berth in four years. In the playoffs, the Rock defeated Buffalo and Orlando on their way to their seventh Championship game, and first since [[2005 NLL season|2005]]. The [[Washington Stealth]], in their first season in [[Everett, Washington]], proved too strong for the Rock and won the Championship 15–11.

In 2011, the Rock found themselves in the Championship game for the second straight year against the Washington Stealth, this time winning 8–7.

In August 2011, Dawick broke ground on constructing the new $20 million-dollar, privately financed '''Toronto Rock Athletic Centre''' (TRAC) in Oakville.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontorock.com/article/dawick-unveils-lacrosse-facility-plans|title=Dawick Unveils Lacrosse Facility Plans|date=11 August 2011|publisher=Toronto Rock}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidehalton.com/sports-story/2889611-dawick-building-year-round-lacrosse-facility-in-oakville/|title=Dawick building year-round lacrosse facility in Oakville|date=2011-11-17}}</ref><ref name=allin>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/lacrosse/2016/03/23/toronto-rock-owner-jamie-dawick-all-in-despite-challenges.html|title=Toronto Rock owner Jamie Dawick 'all in' despite challenges|date=2016-03-23|access-date=2016-03-25|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]}}</ref> The lacrosse facility, which opened in 2012, features two pads, one of which seats 500 fans, and serves as the Rock's practice facility as well as the team's offices.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontorock.com/article/toronto-rock-athletic-centre-grand-opening-saturday_1100|title=Toronto Rock Athletic Centre Grand Opening Saturday|date=19 December 2012|publisher=Toronto Rock}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidehalton.com/sports-story/2906609-oakville-not-toronto-is-true-home-of-nll-s-rock/|title=Oakville, not Toronto, is true home of NLL's Rock|date=2012-12-06|access-date=2014-01-11}}</ref> The arena has played host to exhibition NLL games,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/news_article/show/199584?referrer_id=389123|title=Rock ready for preseason game at new practice facility|date=2012-12-05|access-date=2014-01-11|publisher=[[National Lacrosse League]]}}</ref> the [[NLL Entry Draft]] and the NLL Combine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontorock.com/article/nll-draft-set-for-september-16-at-the-trac|title=NLL Draft Set For September 16 At The TRAC|date=12 August 2013|publisher=Toronto Rock}}</ref>

On May 11, 2021, Dawick announced that the Rock would relocate from Scotiabank Arena in Toronto to [[FirstOntario Centre]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario]] with a five-year arena lease with an option to extend the agreement afterwards. Their relocation will commence in time for the beginning of the [[2022 NLL season]] in December 2021. The team name will not be changed despite the relocation to Hamilton due their branding as a team that has "always represented the [[Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area|GTHA]]".<ref name="rock-to-hamilton" />

It was originally announced that beginning in January 2024, the Rock would need to temporarily relocate their home games to the [[Paramount Fine Foods Centre]] in [[Mississauga, Ontario]], as following their home games in December 2023 Hamilton's [[FirstOntario Centre]] would close for renovations for approximately two years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rock Will Relocate Home Games for 2023-24 Season Following HUPEG Announcement |url=https://torontorock.com/news/rock-will-relocate-home-games-for-2023-24-season-following-hupeg-announcement/ |website=Toronto Rock |access-date=17 March 2023 |date=14 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2023-24 Toronto Rock Season Will Begin In Hamilton Followed By Temporary Relocation To Mississauga |date=June 2023 |url=https://torontorock.com/news/2023-24-toronto-rock-season-will-begin-in-hamilton-followed-by-temporary-relocation-to-mississauga/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mississauga.com/news/toronto-rock-temporarily-relocating-to-mississauga-as-home-arena-in-hamilton-undergoes-renovation/article_1159c84a-8905-5edc-a4cd-c05b3d4418b8.html|title=Toronto Rock temporarily relocating to Mississauga as home arena in Hamilton undergoes renovation|date=2023-06-03|accessdate=2024-04-21|publisher=[[The Mississauga News]]|first=Kyle|last=Marshall}}</ref> This also forced the [[Brantford Bulldogs|Bulldogs]] ([[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]]) and [[Brampton Honey Badgers|Honey Badgers]] ([[Canadian Elite Basketball League|CEBL]]) to temporarily and permanently relocate to [[Brantford, Ontario|Brantford]] and [[Brampton]], respectively. However, in September 2023 it was announced that the renovations would be delayed and that the Toronto Rock would play the entirety of the 2023/24 season in Hamilton before temporarily relocating to Mississauga for the following season until the renovations are completed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toronto Rock Will Play Upcoming Season in Hamilton From Start to Finish |date=14 September 2023 |url=https://torontorock.com/news/toronto-rock-will-play-upcoming-season-in-hamilton-from-start-to-finish/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/toronto-rock-hamilton-1.6966975|title=Renovation change allows Toronto Rock to keep playing in Hamilton this upcoming season|date=2023-09-14|accessdate=2024-04-21|publisher=[[CBC News]]}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Player !! Award
|-
| [[1999 NLL season|1999]] || [[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|Colin Doyle]] || [[Champion's Cup#Most Valuable Players|Champion's Cup MVP]]
|-
| [[2000 NLL season|2000]] || [[Dan Stroup]] || Champion's Cup MVP
|-
| [[2001 NLL season|2001]] || [[Bob Watson (lacrosse)|Bob Watson]] || [[National Lacrosse League Goaltender of the Year Award|Goaltender of the Year]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[2002 NLL season|2002]] || [[Blaine Manning]] || [[National Lacrosse League Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]]
|-
| [[Pat Coyle (lacrosse)|Pat Coyle]] || [[National Lacrosse League Defensive Player of the Year Award|Defensive Player of the Year]]
|-
| [[Jim Veltman]] || [[National Lacrosse League Sportsmanship Award|Sportsmanship Award]]
|-
| Colin Doyle || Champion's Cup MVP
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[2003 NLL season|2003]] || [[Chris Driscoll]] || [[National Lacrosse League Sportsmanship Award|Sportsmanship Award]]
|-
| Bob Watson || Champion's Cup MVP
|-
| [[2004 NLL season|2004]] || Jim Veltman || [[National Lacrosse League MVP Award|Most Valuable Player]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[2005 NLL season|2005]] || Colin Doyle || [[National Lacrosse League MVP Award|Most Valuable Player]]
|-
| [[Les Bartley]] || [[National Lacrosse League Executive of the Year Award|Executive of the Year]]
|-
| Colin Doyle || Champion's Cup MVP
|-
| [[2007 NLL season|2007]] || [[Ryan Benesch]] || [[National Lacrosse League Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nll.com/article.php?id=2942|work=NLL.com|title=Benesch Named Rookie of the Year|date=May 8, 2007|access-date=2007-05-08|archive-date=2007-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070512072522/http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=2942|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[2008 NLL season|2008]] || Bob Watson || [[National Lacrosse League Goaltender of the Year Award|Goaltender of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=3471|work=NLL.com|title=Watson Named US Navy Goalie of the Year|date=May 7, 2008|access-date=2008-05-07}}</ref>
|-
| [[2010 NLL season|2010]] || [[Stephan Leblanc]] || [[National Lacrosse League Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontorock.com/article/stephan-leblanc-named-nll-rookie-of-the-year|work=TorontoRock.com|title=Stephan LeBlanc Named NLL Rookie of the Year|date=May 13, 2010|access-date=2010-05-13}}</ref>
|-
| [[2011 NLL season|2011]] || Bob Watson || Champion's Cup MVP
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[2013 NLL season|2013]] || Garrett Billings || [[National Lacrosse League Sportsmanship Award|Sportsmanship Award]]<ref name="NLL.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/news_article/show/251348-rock-s-billings-wins-2013-nll-sportsmanship-award4|work=NLL.com|date=April 29, 2013|access-date=April 29, 2013|title=Rock's Billings wins 2013 NLL Sportsmanship Award}}</ref>
|-
| Troy Cordingley || [[Les Bartley Award]]<ref name="NLL.com"/>
|-
| Jamie Dawick || [[National Lacrosse League Executive of the Year Award|Executive of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/news_article/show/259286-rock-s-dawick-wins-2013-nll-executive-of-the-year-award|work=NLL.com|date=May 28, 2013|access-date=May 28, 2013|title=Rock's Dawick wins 2013 NLL Executive of the Year award|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202103258/http://www.nll.com/news_article/show/259286-rock-s-dawick-wins-2013-nll-executive-of-the-year-award|archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[2014 NLL season|2014]] || Garrett Billings || [[National Lacrosse League Sportsmanship Award|Sportsmanship Award]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/news_article/show/394118?referrer_id=389123|work=NLL.com|date=June 9, 2014|access-date=June 25, 2014|title=2014 NLL Sportsmanship Award}}</ref>
|-
| [[2015 NLL season|2015]] || Terry Sanderson || [[National Lacrosse League GM of the Year Award|GM of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/view/nll/news-1147/news_306589|title=2015 NLL GM of the Year|work=NLL.com|date=June 23, 2015|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[2017 NLL season|2017]] || Brodie Merrill || [[National Lacrosse League Transition Player of the Year Award|Transition Player of the Year]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nll.com/news/2017-transition-player-of-the-year/|work=NLL.com|title=2017 Transition Player of the Year|date=June 24, 2017|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Tom Schreiber || [[National Lacrosse League Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[2019 NLL season|2019]] || Challen Rogers || [[National Lacrosse League Transition Player of the Year Award|Transition Player of the Year]]<ref name="2019awards">{{cite web|url=https://www.nll.com/news/nll-announces-2018-19-season-award-winners/|work=NLL.com|title=NLL announces 2018-19 season award winners|date=July 19, 2019|access-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>
|-
| Terri Giberson || [[National Lacrosse League Executive of the Year Award|Executive of the Year]]<ref name="2019awards"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2020 NLL season|2020]]
|Challen Rogers
|[[National Lacrosse League Transition Player of the Year Award|Transition Player of the Year]]
|-
|Dan Dawson
|[[National Lacrosse League Teammate of the Year Award|Teammate of the Year]]
|-
|[[2022 NLL season|2022]]
|Mitch de Snoo
|[[Defensive Player of the Year Award|Defensive Player of the Year]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2023 NLL season|2023]]
|Latrell Harris
|[[Defensive Player of the Year Award|Defensive Player of the Year]]
|-
|Dan Dawson
|[[National Lacrosse League Teammate of the Year Award|Teammate of the Year]]
|-
|[[2024 NLL season|2024]]
|[[Nick Rose (lacrosse)|Nick Rose]]
|Goaltender of the Year
|}

===Retired numbers===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! No. !! Player !! Date !! Tenure
|-
| align="center" | '''7'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nll.com/news/toronto-rock-captain-colin-doyle-retires/|title=TORONTO ROCK CAPTAIN COLIN DOYLE RETIRES|date=2016-11-09|access-date=2020-03-22|publisher=[[National Lacrosse League]]}}</ref> || [[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|Colin Doyle]] || March 11, 2017 || 1999–2006, 2010–16
|-
| align="center" | '''29'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontorock.com/article/rock-will-retire-bob-watson-s-number-29|title=Rock Will Retire Bob Watson's Number 29|date=16 November 2011|access-date=2014-01-18|publisher=Toronto Rock}}</ref> || [[Bob Watson (lacrosse)|Bob Watson]] || February 24, 2012 || 1999–2011
|-
| align="center" | '''32'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://torontorock.com/2019/03/08/rock-will-retire-jim-veltmans-number-32//|title=ROCK WILL RETIRE JIM VELTMAN'S NUMBER 32|date=2019-03-08|access-date=2020-03-22|publisher=Toronto Rock}}</ref> || [[Jim Veltman]] || April 12, 2019 || 1999–2008
|}

===NLL Hall of Fame members===
* [[Les Bartley]] (Class of 2006)
* [[John Mouradian|Johnny Mouradian]] (Class of 2008)
* Jim Veltman (Class of 2009)
* [[Dan Stroup]] (Class of 2010)
* Bob Watson (Class of 2011)
* [[Steve Dietrich]] (Class of 2012)
* [[Pat Coyle (lacrosse)|Pat Coyle]] (Class of 2014)
* [[Terry Sanderson (lacrosse)|Terry Sanderson]] (Class of 2015)
* [[Josh Sanderson]] (Class of 2016)
* Colin Doyle (Class of 2021)
* [[Pat McCready]] (Class of 2021)
* [[Steve Toll]] (Class of 2021)

==Roster==
Reference:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Players|url=https://torontorock.com/team/players/|access-date=2025-03-06 |website=torontorock.com/|language=en}}</ref>
<section begin=roster />{{NLL roster
|TeamName=Toronto Rock
|SeasonName=2025 Toronto Rock season
|NLLcomName=
|BC1=#003DA6
|FC1=#FFF
|BC2=#E42827
|FC2=#FFF
|Website=https://torontorock.com/players/ Roster
|Date=2025-3-6

|Goaltenders=
{{player| 92 | CAN | Troy Holowchuk}}
{{player| 31 | CAN | Gowah Abrams}}

|Defenseman=
{{player| 22 | CAN | Jake Darlison}}
{{player| 81 | USA | Elijah Gash}}
{{player| 93 | CAN | Latrell Harris}}
{{player| 91 | CAN | Billy Hostrawser|alternate=1}}
{{player| 37 | CAN | Robert Hudson}}
{{player|  3 | USA | [[T. D. Ierlan]]}}
{{player| 33 | CAN | Josh Jubenville}}
{{player| 20 | CAN | Bradley Kri|alternate=1}}
{{player| 24 | CAN | Justin J. Martin}}
{{player| 55 | CAN | Chris Weier}}

|Forwards=
{{player| 21 | CAN | Chris Boushy}}
{{player| 44 | CAN | Brian Cameron}}
{{player| 25 | CAN | Dan Craig}}
{{player|  8 | CAN | Josh Dawick}}
{{player|  5 | CAN | Zack Kearney}}
{{player|  2 | CAN | Zach Manns}}
{{player| 42 | CAN | [[Mark Matthews (lacrosse)|Mark Matthews]]}}
{{player| 34 | CAN | Luke Robinson}}
{{player| 26 | USA | [[Tom Schreiber]]}}
{{player| 15 | CAN | [[Corey Small]]}}
{{player|  6 | CAN | Gavin Thibeau}}
{{player| 95 | CAN | Aaron Woods}}

|Transition=
{{player| 14 | CAN | Phil Mazzuca}}
{{player| 23 | CAN | Challen Rogers|captain=1}}

|Practice=

|Injured=

|Holdout=

|Unable=

|Protected=

|Head Coach=
* Matt Sawyer

|Assistant Coaches=
* Bruce Codd
* [[Rusty Kruger]]
* [[Blaine Manning]]
* Brandon Miller
* [[Colin Doyle (lacrosse)|Colin Doyle]]

}}<section end=roster />

==All-time record==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Season
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Division/Conference{{efn|Conference play began in the 2022 season, and ended with the 2024 season}}
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | W
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | L
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Finish
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Home
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Road
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | GF
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | GA
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Coach
! style="background:#FFFFFF;border-top:blue 5px solid;border-bottom:red 5px solid;" | Playoffs
|- align="center"
| [[1999 Toronto Rock season|1999]] || rowspan="3" | || 9 || 3 || '''1st''' || 6–0 || 3–3 || 157 || 139 || rowspan="5" | [[Les Bartley]]||'''Won NLL Championship'''
|- align="center"
| [[2000 Toronto Rock season|2000]] || 9 || 3 || '''1st''' || 5–1 || 4–2 || 162 || 130 ||'''Won NLL Championship'''
|- align="center"
| [[2001 Toronto Rock season|2001]] || 11 || 3 || '''1st''' || 6–1 || 5–2 || 168 || 125 ||Lost final
|- align="center"
| [[2002 Toronto Rock season|2002]] || Northern || 11 || 5 || '''1st''' || 8–0 || 3–5 || 223 || 176 ||'''Won NLL Championship'''
|- align="center"
| [[2003 Toronto Rock season|2003]] || Northern || 11 || 5 || '''1st''' || 6–2 || 5–3 || 195 || 164 ||'''Won NLL Championship'''
|- align="center"
| [[2004 Toronto Rock season|2004]] || Eastern || 10 || 6 || '''1st''' || 5–3 || 5–3 || 202 || 176 || [[Ed Comeau|ED Comeau]]/[[Terry Sanderson (lacrosse)|Terry Sanderson]]||Lost division final
|- align="center"
| [[2005 Toronto Rock season|2005]] || Eastern || 12 || 4 || '''1st''' || 6–2 || 6–2 || 227 || 190 || rowspan="2" | Terry Sanderson ||'''Won NLL Championship'''
|- align="center"
| [[2006 Toronto Rock season|2006]] || Eastern || 8 || 8 || 3rd || 5–3 || 3–5 || 182 || 179 ||Lost division semi-final
|- align="center"
| [[2007 Toronto Rock season|2007]] || Eastern || 6 || 10 || 4th || 3–5 || 3–5 || 187 || 183 || rowspan="2" | [[Glenn Clark]]||Lost division semi-final
|- align="center"
| [[2008 Toronto Rock season|2008]] || Eastern || 7 || 9 || 6th || 4–5 || 3–4 || 172 || 174 ||Did not qualify
|- align="center"
| [[2009 Toronto Rock season|2009]] || Eastern || 6 || 10 || 6th || 3–5 || 3–5 || 194 || 218 || Glenn Clark/[[Jamie Batley]]||Did not qualify
|- align="center"
| [[2010 Toronto Rock season|2010]] || Eastern || 9 || 7 || 2nd || 6–2 || 3–5 || 197 || 156 || rowspan="4" | [[Troy Cordingley]]||Lost final
|- align="center"
| [[2011 Toronto Rock season|2011]] || Eastern || 10 || 6 || 2nd || 7–1 || 3–5 || 187 || 168 ||'''Won NLL Championship'''
|- align="center"
| [[2012 Toronto Rock season|2012]] || Eastern || 9 || 7 || '''1st''' || 3–5 || 6–2 || 198 || 196 ||Lost division final
|- align="center"
| [[2013 Toronto Rock season|2013]] || Eastern || 10 || 6 || '''1st''' || 5–3 || 5–3 || 194 || 176 ||Lost division semi-final
|- align="center"
| [[2014 Toronto Rock season|2014]] || Eastern || 9 || 9 || 2nd || 6–3 || 3–6 || 219 || 213 || rowspan="3" | John Lovell ||Lost division semi-final
|- align="center"
| [[2015 Toronto Rock season|2015]] || Eastern || 14 || 4 || '''1st''' || 7–2 || 7–2 || 230 || 185 ||Lost final
|- align="center"
| [[2016 Toronto Rock season|2016]] || Eastern || 5 || 13 || 5th || 4–5 || 1–8 || 190 || 224 ||Did not qualify
|- align="center"
| [[2017 Toronto Rock season|2017]] || Eastern || 9 || 9 || 2nd || 4–5 || 5–4 || 219 || 200 || rowspan="4" | Matt Sawyer ||Lost division final
|- align="center"
| [[2018 Toronto Rock season|2018]] || Eastern || 8 || 10 || 4th || 3–6 || 5–4 || 237 || 216 ||Did not qualify
|- align="center"
| [[2019 Toronto Rock season|2019]] || Eastern || 12 || 6 || 3rd || 8–1 || 4–5 || 213 || 207 ||Lost division final
|- align="center"
| [[2020 Toronto Rock season|2020]]{{efn|name=COVID|2020 regular season shortened and playoffs cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].}}|| North<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nll.com/standings|title = Standings}}</ref> || 7 || 4 || 2nd || 4–2 || 3–2 || 122 || 106 ||''No playoffs held''
|- align="center"
|2021
|Eastern
| colspan="9" |''Season cancelled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]''
|- align="center"
| [[2022 Toronto Rock season|2022]]|| Eastern || 13 || 5 || 2nd || 7–2 || 6–3 || 207 || 166 || rowspan="3" | Matt Sawyer ||Lost conference final
|- align="center"
|[[2023 NLL season|2023]]||Eastern||13||5||2nd||8–1||5–4||234||164||Lost conference final
|- align="center"
|[[2024 NLL season|2024]]||||15||3||'''1st'''||7–2||8–1||218||169||Lost semi-finals
|- align="center"
! Total !! 25 seasons !! 243 !! 160 !! !! 142–69 !! 108–92 !! 4,934 !! 4,400 !! colspan="2" |
|- align="center"
! Playoff Totals !! 20 Appearances !! 24 !! 20 !! !! 19–10 !! 5–10 !! 370 !! 361 !! colspan="2" | 6 championships
|}

===Notes===
{{notelist}}

==Playoff results==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Season !! Game !! Visiting !! Home
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[1999 Toronto Rock season|1999]] || Semifinals || Philadelphia 2 || '''Toronto 13'''
|-
| '''Championship''' || Rochester 10 || '''Toronto 13'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
|rowspan="2"| [[2000 Toronto Rock season|2000]] || Semifinals || Philadelphia 10 || '''Toronto 14'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| '''Championship''' || Rochester 13 || '''Toronto 14'''
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[2001 Toronto Rock season|2001]] || Semifinals || Washington 9 || '''Toronto 10'''
|-
| Championship || '''Philadelphia 9''' || Toronto 8
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
|rowspan="2"| [[2002 Toronto Rock season|2002]] || Semifinals || Washington 11 || '''Toronto 12'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| '''Championship''' || '''Toronto 13''' || Albany 12
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[2003 Toronto Rock season|2003]] || Semifinals || Colorado 11 || '''Toronto 15'''
|-
| '''Championship''' || '''Toronto 8''' || Rochester 6
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2004 Toronto Rock season|2004]] || Division Final || '''Buffalo 19''' || Toronto 10
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[2005 Toronto Rock season|2005]] || Division Final || Rochester 10 || '''Toronto 12'''
|-
| '''Championship''' || Arizona 13 || '''Toronto 19'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2006 Toronto Rock season|2006]] || Division Semifinals || Toronto 8 || '''Rochester 16'''
|-
| [[2007 Toronto Rock season|2007]] || Division Semifinals || Toronto 6 || '''Rochester 10'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
|rowspan="3"|[[2010 Toronto Rock season|2010]] || Division Semifinal || Buffalo 11 || '''Toronto 13'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| Division Final || '''Toronto 15''' || Orlando 10
|-
|Championship
|Toronto 11
|'''Washington 15'''
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[2011 Toronto Rock season|2011]] || Division Semifinal || Rochester 8 || '''Toronto 10'''
|-
| Division Final || '''Toronto 12''' || Buffalo 11
|-
| '''Championship''' || Washington 7 || '''Toronto 8'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
|rowspan="2"| [[2012 Toronto Rock season|2012]] || Division Semifinal || Buffalo 6 || '''Toronto 7'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| Division Final || '''Rochester 17'''|| Toronto 13
|-
| [[2013 Toronto Rock season|2013]] || Division Semifinal || '''Minnesota 20''' || Toronto 11
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| [[2014 Toronto Rock season|2014]] || Division Semifinal || '''Buffalo 15''' || Toronto 13
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[2015 Toronto Rock season|2015]]
|Division Final 1
|Toronto 9
|'''Rochester 10'''
|-
| Division Final 2 || Rochester 8 || '''Toronto 11'''
|-
|Division Final 3
|Rochester 2
|'''Toronto 8'''
|-
| Championship 1 || '''Edmonton 15''' || Toronto 9
|-
|Championship 2
|Toronto 10
|'''Edmonton 11'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| rowspan="3" | [[2017 Toronto Rock season|2017]] || Division Semifinal || New England 10 || '''Toronto 18'''
|- bgcolor="#f0f0f0"
| Division Final 1 || '''Georgia 11'''|| Toronto 8
|-
|Division Final 2
|Toronto 9
|'''Georgia 13'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[2019 Toronto Rock season|2019]] || Division Semifinal || '''Toronto 16''' || Georgia 14
|-
| Division Final || Toronto 8 || '''Buffalo 12'''
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[2022 Toronto Rock season|2022]] || Conference Semifinal || Halifax 13 || '''Toronto 14'''
|-
| rowspan="2" | Conference Final || Toronto 17 || '''Buffalo 18'''
|-
|| '''Buffalo 10''' || Toronto 9
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[2023 NLL season|2023]]
|Conference Semifinal
|Halifax 11
|'''Toronto 15'''
|-
|Conference Final
|Toronto 5
|'''Buffalo 14'''
|-
|Conference Final
|'''Buffalo 17'''
|Toronto 8
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[2024 NLL season|2024]]
|Quarterfinal
|Rochester 6
|'''Toronto 9'''
|-
|Semi-final Game 1
|'''Buffalo 12'''
|Toronto 4
|-
|Semi-final Game 2
|Toronto 8
|'''Buffalo 10'''
|}

==Head coaching history==

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" | #
! rowspan="2" | Name
! rowspan="2" | Term
! colspan="4" | Regular season
! colspan="4" | Playoffs
|-
! GC !! W !! L !! W% !! GC !! W !! L !! W%
|-
|align=center|  1  || [[Les Bartley]] ||align=center| [[1999 NLL season|1999]]–[[2003 NLL season|2003]] ||align=center| 70 ||align=center| 51 ||align=center| 19 ||align=center| .729 ||align=center| 10 ||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| .900
|-
|align=center| 2 || [[Ed Comeau]] ||align=center| [[2004 NLL season|2004]] ||align=center| 6 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| 4 ||align=center| .333 ||align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| —
|-
|align=center| 3 || [[Terry Sanderson (lacrosse)|Terry Sanderson]] ||align=center| [[2004 NLL season|2004]]–[[2006 NLL season|2006]] ||align=center| 42 ||align=center| 28 ||align=center| 14 ||align=center| .667 ||align=center| 4 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| .500
|-
|align=center| 4 || [[Glenn Clark]] ||align=center| [[2003 NLL season|2007]]–[[2009 NLL season|2009]] ||align=center| 31 ||align=center| 12 ||align=center| 19 ||align=center| .387 ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| .000
|-
|align=center| 5 || Terry Bullen † ||align=center| [[2008 NLL season|2008]] ||align=center| 4 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| .500 ||align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| — ||align=center| —
|-
|align=center| 6 || [[Jamie Batley]] ||align=center| [[2009 NLL season|2009]] ||align=center| 13 ||align=center| 5 ||align=center| 8 ||align=center| .385 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| —
|-
|align=center| 7 || Troy Cordingley ||align=center| [[2010 NLL season|2010]]–[[2013 NLL season|2013]] ||align=center| 64 ||align=center| 38 ||align=center| 26 ||align=center| .594 ||align=center| 9 ||align=center| 6 ||align=center| 3 ||align=center| .667
|-
|align=center| 8|| John Lovell ||align=center| [[2014 NLL season|2014]]–[[2016 NLL season|2016]] ||align=center| 54 ||align=center| 28 ||align=center| 26 ||align=center| .519 ||align=center| 6 || align="center" | 2 ||align=center| 4 || align="center" | .333
|-
|align=center| 9|| Matt Sawyer ||align=center| [[2017 NLL season|2017]]–||align=center| 119 || align="center" | 77 || align="center" | 42 || align="center" | .647 || align="center" | 14 || align="center" | 5 || align="center" | 9 || align="center" | .357

|}
† ''Bullen served as head coach during Clark's suspension.''

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada}}
* [[:Category:Toronto Rock seasons|Toronto Rock seasons]]
* [[Sports in Hamilton, Ontario]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://torontorock.com/ Official Website]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]] | title = [[National Lacrosse League]] Champions | years = 1999, 2000 | after = [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]]}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Philadelphia Wings (1987–2014)|Philadelphia Wings]] | title = [[National Lacrosse League]] Champions | years = 2002, 2003 | after = [[Calgary Roughnecks]]}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Calgary Roughnecks]] | title = [[National Lacrosse League]] Champions | years = 2005 | after = [[Colorado Mammoth]]}}
{{Succession box| before = [[Washington Stealth]] | title = [[National Lacrosse League]] Champions | years = 2011 | after = [[Rochester Knighthawks]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Toronto Rock seasons}}
{{NLL}}
{{Ontario Sports}}

[[Category:Toronto Rock| ]]
[[Category:National Lacrosse League teams]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Lacrosse teams in Toronto|Ro]]
[[Category:1998 establishments in Ontario]]
[[Category:Lacrosse clubs established in 1998]]

Hamilton Arena

2025-04-28T01:22:57Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Arena in Hamilton, Ontario}}
{{About|the arena in Hamilton|the arts and cultural venue in St. Catharines|FirstOntario Performing Arts Centre}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = Hamilton Arena
| logo_image = FirstOntario_Centre.svg
| image = FirstOntario Centre - Hamilton, ON.jpg
| caption = The interior of FirstOntario Centre in December 2018
| pushpin_map = Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ontario##Location within Canada
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_label = FirstOntario Centre
| nickname =
| fullname =
| former_names = Copps Coliseum (1985–2014), FirstOntario Center (2014-2024)
| address = 101 York Boulevard
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada
| coordinates = {{coord|43|15|33|N|79|52|21|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| broke_ground = {{start date and age|July 8, 1983}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Balsillie Picked NHL Consultant for Copps Job|url=http://www.thespec.com/news/local/article/78752--balsillie-picked-nhl-consultant-for-copps-job|newspaper=[[The Hamilton Spectator]]|date=May 30, 2009|access-date=November 10, 2011}}</ref>
| built = 1983–1985
| opened = {{start date and age|November 30, 1985}}<ref>{{cite news |title=A Major League Gamble Rolls Today|first=Dave|last=Hall|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6QVFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3215,4090653&dq=en|newspaper=[[Windsor Star]]|date=November 30, 1985|access-date=September 23, 2011}}</ref>
| renovated = 2024–2025 (planned)
| demolished =
| owner = [[Hamilton, Ontario|City of Hamilton]]
| operator = Core Entertainment ([[HUPEG and Oak View Group]])
| surface = Multi-surface
| construction_cost = [[Canadian dollar|C$]]42.7 million (${{formatprice|{{Inflation|CA|42700000|1985}}}} in {{Inflation-year|CA}} dollars{{inflation-fn|CA}})
| architect = [[John B. Parkin Associates|Parkin Partnership]] Sink Combs Dethlefs<ref>{{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.sinkcombs.com/news/awards.html|publisher=Sink Combs Dethlefs|access-date=September 26, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025627/http://www.sinkcombs.com/news/awards.html|archive-date=March 31, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| project_manager = Pigott Construction
| structural engineer = John A. Martin & Associates<ref>{{cite web |title=Entertainment|url=http://www.jamanv.com/projects/entertainment/|publisher=John A. Martin & Associates|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref>
| services engineer =
| general_contractor = Pigott Construction
| tenants = [[Hamilton Steelhawks (junior)|Hamilton Steelhawks]] ([[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]]) 1985–1988 [[Dukes of Hamilton (ice hockey)|Dukes of Hamilton]] (OHL) 1989–1991 [[Hamilton Skyhawks]] ([[World Basketball League|WBL]]/[[National Basketball League (1993–94 Canadian league)|NBL]]) 1992–1993 [[Hamilton Canucks]] ([[American Hockey League|AHL]]) 1992–1994 [[Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)|Hamilton Bulldogs]] (AHL) 1996–2015 [[Ontario Raiders]] ([[National Lacrosse League|NLL]]) 1998 [[Hamilton Honey Badgers]] ([[Canadian Elite Basketball League|CEBL]]) 2019–2022 [[Hamilton Bulldogs]] (OHL) 2015–2023 [[Toronto Rock]] (NLL) 2021–2024, 2025–future
| website = {{url|hamiltonarenaproject.com}}
| seating_capacity = [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]: 17,383 [[Concerts]] 19,000
| dimensions = 200 x 85 feet (expandable to 200 x 100)
}}

'''Hamilton Arena''' (originally '''Copps Coliseum''', later renamed '''FirstOntario Center''') is a sports and entertainment arena at the corner of [[Bay Street (Hamilton, Ontario)|Bay Street North]] and [[York Boulevard]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Ontario, Canada. Opened in 1985, it has a capacity of up to 19,000.

==History==
Hamilton was left without a large [[ice hockey]] venue after the [[Barton Street Arena]] was demolished in 1977, and even that arena had a small [[seating capacity]] by modern standards. Construction on the new site was started in 1983 and completed two years later at a cost of $33.5 million, with an additional $2.3 million spent on a parking garage. The project was overseen by Hamiltonian Joseph Pigott.<ref name=GREATHAM2>{{cite news |title=Hamilton Spectator: "The Greatest Hamiltonian" (II)|first=Wade|last=Hemsworth|url=http://www.thespec.com/news/article/7687--the-greatest-hamiltonian|newspaper=[[Hamilton Spectator]]|date=March 28, 2006|access-date=February 11, 2007}}</ref>
The arena was originally named Copps Coliseum after long-time mayor [[Victor Copps]], the patriarch of a Hamilton political family that includes his daughter, former Member of [[Parliament of Canada]] and [[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|Member of Provincial Parliament of Ontario]] [[Sheila Copps]], and wife, Geraldine, who was a long-time councillor.

The arena's first scoreboard was purchased from the [[Winnipeg Arena]] for $214,000. That original Day Signs/Naden scoreboard, built in Toronto, was replaced in the early-1990s by a centre-hung scoreboard with an electronic message centre on each side. In turn, it was replaced by the current scoreboard, which was built in Hamilton by [[Media Resources]], featuring an LED video board on each side.

The arena has hosted many teams and events over the years. The [[Hamilton Steelhawks (junior)|Hamilton Steelhawks]] of the [[Ontario Hockey League]] (OHL) began play at the arena in 1985. The [[1986 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships]] were held in [[Southern Ontario]], with Copps Coliseum used as the primary venue. In a decisive game, the undefeated Soviet Union handed [[Canada men's national junior ice hockey team|Canada]] its first loss, 4–1. Copps was the primary host for the [[1987 Canada Cup]], and the site of the famous [[Wayne Gretzky|Gretzky]] to [[Mario Lemieux|Lemieux]] goal that beat the [[USSR national ice hockey team|Soviets]] 6–5 in the final. The [[Dukes of Hamilton (ice hockey)|Dukes of Hamilton]] replaced the Steelhawks as the city's OHL team and played in Copps Coliseum from 1989 to 1991. The arena hosted the [[1990 Memorial Cup]] and set the single game attendance record, on May 13, 1990, with 17,383 spectators watching the [[Oshawa Generals]] defeat the [[Kitchener Rangers]], in the final, 4–3 in double overtime on a [[Bill Armstrong (ice hockey b. 1970)|Bill Armstrong]] goal. The venue hosted a number of games in the [[1991 Canada Cup]], including the finals, when [[Canadian national men's ice hockey team|Canada]] defeated the [[United States national men's ice hockey team|United States]].

The first [[WWE|WWF]] [[Royal Rumble (1988)|Royal Rumble]], which was shown on the [[USA Network]], was held in the arena on January 24, 1988. Copps hosted the WWF pay-per-view [[Breakdown: In Your House]] on September 27, 1998, and the [[List of Billy Graham's crusades|Billy Graham crusade]] that year, attended by 19,000 spectators each night. The [[Grateful Dead]] played the Coliseum on four occasions, with two dates in 1990 and two dates in 1992.

Although [[Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games#Original Plan|the 2009 plan]] for the [[2015 Pan American Games]] based around Toronto was to host [[Volleyball at the 2015 Pan American Games|the volleyball tournament]] in Copps Coliseum, eventually it was held in the [[Enercare Centre|Toronto Exhibition Centre]].

On January 3, 2014, Nitro Circus performed at the stadium for the first ever and only stop in Canada. Due to the high-risk nature of their stunt-based shows, most North American venues will not host the events.

On January 27, 2014, Hamilton City council voted unanimously to approve a $3.5-million deal to rename Copps Coliseum after local credit union [[First Ontario]]. The city unveiled the new look signage, FirstOntario Centre, later that spring. A smaller sign reading "In honour of Victor K. Copps" appears to its right on the Bay side of the arena, and below it on the York side.

In November 2022, it was announced that beginning in the late summer of 2023, the arena would close for 20 months due to renovations. This would force the [[Hamilton Bulldogs|Bulldogs]] and [[Toronto Rock|Rock]] to relocate for all of the 2023–24 season and most of the 2024–25 season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Opinion {{!}} Teams angry FirstOntario Centre renos will displace them for two seasons |url=https://www.thespec.com/news/hamilton-region/opinion/2022/11/12/teams-angry-firstontario-centre-renos-will-displace-them-for-two-seasons.html |website=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=29 November 2022 |date=12 November 2022 |last1=Columnist |first1=Scott Radley Spectator }}</ref> As a result of the closure, the [[Hamilton Honey Badgers|Honey Badgers]] decided to permanently relocate to [[Brampton]], Ontario<ref>{{cite web |title=Honey Badgers leave Hamilton for Brampton after being forced out of FirstOntario Centre, CEBL says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-honey-badgers-brampton-1.6666533 |website=CBC News |access-date=November 28, 2022 |date=November 28, 2022}}</ref> and the Bulldogs relocated to [[Brantford]], Ontario. The renovations were delayed until December 2023 which allowed the Rock to play their first couple games of the [[2024 NLL season|2023–24 season]] at the arena, before moving to the [[Paramount Fine Foods Centre]] in [[Mississauga, Ontario]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023-24 Toronto Rock Season Will Begin in Hamilton Followed by Temporary Relocation to Mississauga |date=June 2023 |url=https://torontorock.com/news/2023-24-toronto-rock-season-will-begin-in-hamilton-followed-by-temporary-relocation-to-mississauga/}}</ref> This also allowed five [[Cirque du Soleil]] performances at the arena before its closing. However, in September 2023, it was announced that renovations would be delayed once again and that the Toronto Rock would play the entirety of the 2023–24 season in Hamilton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toronto Rock Will Play Upcoming Season in Hamilton From Start to Finish |date=September 14, 2023 |url=https://torontorock.com/news/toronto-rock-will-play-upcoming-season-in-hamilton-from-start-to-finish/}}</ref> Major construction finally began in May 2024 with completion planned for November 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Major renovations to begin at Hamilton's FirstOntario Centre |url=https://www.chch.com/major-renovations-to-begin-at-hamiltons-firstontario-centre/ |website=CHCH |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>

===Basketball===
The [[Hamilton Skyhawks]] debuted with a 101–99 win over the [[Halifax Windjammers]] in [[World Basketball League]] play, in 1992. The league folded during the season, and several Canadian teams, including the Skyhawks formed the [[National Basketball League (Canada)|National Basketball League]] for 1993, but the Hawks moved to Edmonton for the playoffs, then folded.

The Coliseum was host to the [[1994 FIBA World Championship]], along with [[Maple Leaf Gardens]] and [[SkyDome]]. The next year, the Centre hosted the [[FIBA Americas Championship for Women]], which was won by Canada. During their first two seasons of play (1995–96 and 1996–97), prior to the completion of construction on their new home the [[Air Canada Centre]], the [[Toronto Raptors]] played three regular season games at Copps Coliseum,<ref>{{cite web |title=Raptors Wrap Up Season with Best Attendance in 4 Years|first=James|last=Jia|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2013-04/18/c_132319610.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210157/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sports/2013-04/18/c_132319610.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 12, 2013|publisher=[[Xinhua]]|date=April 18, 2013|access-date=October 5, 2013}}</ref> as well as a preseason game in 1997.<ref>{{cite news |title=Raptors in Too Deep Against Nuggets|first=Doug|last=Smith|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|date=October 25, 1997}}</ref> In 1998 a strange twist of scheduling conflicts led the Toronto Raptors to play their final regular season game in Hamilton, as the Toronto Blue Jays had first right of refusal for all SkyDome dates. The Raptors had attempted to play the April 19 match at Maple Leaf Gardens, but were unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite news|title=Raptors Move Final Game to Hamilton|date=January 7, 1998|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|url=https://www.apnews.com/7027ff09054e45b3b7471205f12cb521}}</ref>

===AHL and OHL===
The [[American Hockey League]] expanded to Copps in 1992 in the form of [[Vancouver Canucks|Vancouver's]] affiliate, the [[Hamilton Canucks]]. After two seasons, the team was moved to [[Syracuse Crunch|Syracuse]], where they became one of the league's most stable{{explain|date=March 2022}} franchises.

In October 1996, Copps Coliseum became home to the [[Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)|Hamilton Bulldogs]] of the [[American Hockey League]]. The Bulldogs, who were the top affiliate of the [[Edmonton Oilers]] (1996–2003) and the [[Montreal Canadiens]] (2002–2015), brought over 2 million fans to the arena. On June 7, 2007, the AHL Hamilton Bulldogs won their first Calder Cup Championship in franchise history at home in Copps Coliseum, defeating the Hershey Bears.

In 2015, Montreal moved its AHL affiliate to [[St. John's Icecaps|St. John's]],<ref name="Hamilton to St. John's">{{Cite web|url=http://canadiens.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=757730|title=The Montreal Canadiens announce the transfer of the Hamilton Bulldogs to St.John's, Newfoundland|publisher=[[Montreal Canadiens]]|date=March 12, 2015}}</ref> and the [[Ontario Hockey League]]'s [[Belleville Bulls]] moved to Hamilton to carry the Bulldogs banner, and Hamilton's traditional black and yellow colours, in the junior league.<ref name=cbc-hammove>{{cite web|title=Hamilton Bulldogs sell AHL franchise, buy the OHL Belleville Bulls|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/hamilton-bulldogs-sell-ahl-franchise-buy-the-ohl-belleville-bulls-1.2992840|website=CBC News|access-date=March 12, 2015}}</ref> The Bulldogs were the primary tenant in the facility until their move to Brantford became permanent in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Collaco|first1=Conrad|last2=Chandler|first2=Justin|date=2025-01-16|title=OHL's Bulldogs won't return to Hamilton, new owners sign 15-year-deal in Brantford, Ont..|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/brantford-bulldogs-hamilton-zach-hyman-1.7432170|access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>

===NHL ambitions===
Copps Coliseum was built to [[National Hockey League]] capacity and specifications in the hope that it would allow Hamilton to acquire an [[potential National Hockey League expansion|NHL expansion franchise]]. However, said arena is just 36.3 miles from the home venue of the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] and 57.9 miles from the home venue of the [[Buffalo Sabres]], both of which have opposed an NHL franchise in Hamilton. Copps hosted 8 regular-season neutral-site games during the [[1992–93 NHL season|1992–93]] and [[1993–94 NHL season|1993–94]] seasons, mostly featuring the Maple Leafs or Sabres.

In 2007, Waterloo billionaire [[Jim Balsillie]], co-CEO of [[Research in Motion]], made an offer to purchase the [[Nashville Predators]] for $220 million US. His intention was to move the team to Hamilton and either use Copps Coliseum as a temporary home while a new state-of-the-art arena could be built, or to renovate the Coliseum to bring it up to modern NHL standards. The bid was unsuccessful. In the spring of 2009, the [[Phoenix Coyotes]] filed for bankruptcy and [[Jim Balsillie]] immediately offered a rumoured $212.5 million US, while stating he wanted to move the franchise to southwestern Ontario.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Balsillie Puts in Offer on Phoenix Coyotes|url=https://www.tsn.ca/nhl/story/?id=277664|work=[[The Sports Network|TSN]]|date=May 6, 2009|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref> Balsillie applied for a lease option which, should the relocation have succeeded, would have invoked a 20-year lease for the team to play at Copps Coliseum.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Statement on Copps Coliseum NHL Lease Option|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/May2009/14/c4026.html|publisher=Veritas Communications Inc.|date=May 14, 2009|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Jim Balsillie statement on NHL in Hamilton|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/May2009/13/c3731.html|publisher=Veritas Communications Inc.|date=May 13, 2009|access-date=June 10, 2014}}</ref> On May 9, 2009, the [[Toronto Star]], [[Hamilton Spectator]] and others reported that Hamilton mayor [[Fred Eisenberger]] was to meet with a second group interested in securing a lease. The group, led by [[Vancouver]] businessmen [[Tom Gaglardi]] and [[Nelson Skalbania]], was interested in securing an interest in the [[Atlanta Thrashers]] and moving them to the centre for the 2010–11 NHL season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hamilton Mayor Only Focused on Balsillie|first=David|last=Shoalts|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/article1140193.ece|newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=May 9, 2009|access-date=May 24, 2012}}</ref> The team moved to Winnipeg in 2011, becoming the second incarnation of the [[Winnipeg Jets]] instead. On May 13, 2009, [[The Canadian Press]] reported on [[The Sports Network|TSN]].ca that Balsillie won the exclusive rights to Hamilton's Copps Coliseum until November after a unanimous vote by Hamilton city council. On May 29, 2009, Balsillie unveiled his plans to renovate the Centre into a state-of-the-art facility in anticipation of an NHL franchise coming to Hamilton.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Jim Balsillie Unveils Dramatic Revitalization for Copps Coliseum|url=http://smr.newswire.ca/en/jim-balsillie/jim-balsillie-unveils-dramatic-revitalization-for-copps-coliseum|publisher=Veritas Communications Inc.|date=May 29, 2009|access-date=May 29, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601061227/http://smr.newswire.ca/en/jim-balsillie/jim-balsillie-unveils-dramatic-revitalization-for-copps-coliseum|archive-date=June 1, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is unknown whether these renovations will come to fruition since Balsillie lost his bid to buy the Coyotes.

===Curling===
In 2007, from March 3 to 11, Copps Coliseum hosted the [[2007 Tim Hortons Brier]], the annual Canadian men's [[curling]] championship. The Coliseum hosted the West 49 Canadian Open, from September 20 to October 1.

==Images==
<gallery>
Image:Hamilton-copps.jpg|FirstOntario Centre, Bay St., looking north
Image:Copps Coliseum Hamilton.JPG|FirstOntario Centre
Image:FirstOntario Centre.jpg|FirstOntario Centre looking east on York Boulevard
Image:Hamilton Bulldogs Goal Celebration.JPG|Hamilton Bulldogs Goal Celebration
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[FirstOntario Concert Hall]]
*[[Hamilton Convention Centre]]
*[[Art Gallery of Hamilton]]
*[[Lloyd D. Jackson Square]]
*[[List of sports venues in Hamilton, Ontario]]
*[[List of indoor arenas in Canada]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|FirstOntario Centre}}
* {{Official website|https://www.hamiltonarenaproject.com/}}
* [https://www.ohlarenaguide.com/copps.htm OHL Arena Guide on FirstOntario Centre]


{{Hamilton Bulldogs}}
{{Toronto Rock}}
{{Toronto Raptors}}
{{OHL Arenas}}
{{NLL Arenas}}
{{Canada Cup World Cup of Hockey Finals venues}}
{{Battle of the Blades}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1985 establishments in Ontario]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1985]]
[[Category:Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL)]]
[[Category:Ice hockey venues in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Indoor lacrosse venues in Canada]]
[[Category:Music venues in Ontario]]

[[Category:Judo venues]]
[[Category:Basketball venues in Ontario]]
[[Category:Toronto Raptors]]

John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport

2025-04-20T17:32:00Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Airport in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada}}
{{Redirect|Hamilton International Airport|other airports named Hamilton|Hamilton Airport (disambiguation){{!}}Hamilton Airport}}
{{For|the previous military use of this facility|RCAF Station Hamilton}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport
| nativename =
| image = John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport Logo.png
| image-width = 250
| image2 = YHM_entrance_in_May_2019.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| caption =
| IATA = YHM
| ICAO = CYHM
| WMO = 71263
| type = Public
| owner = City of Hamilton<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/ |title=Our History |access-date=2018-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155037/http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/ |archive-date=2018-06-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| operator = TradePort International Corporation
| city-served = [[Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area|Greater Toronto and Hamilton]]
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| hub = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Cargojet]]
| [[UPS Airlines]]}}
| focus_city = [[Porter Airlines]]<ref>{{cite web |title=More Porter, More Places! |url=https://www.flyporter.com/en-ca/about-porter/who-we-are/porter-and-embraer|website=www.flyporter.com |publisher=Porter Airlines |access-date=10 April 2025}}</ref>
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc = [[UTC−05:00]]
| summer = EDT
| utcs = [[UTC−04:00]]
| elevation-f = 780
| coordinates = {{coord|43|10|25|N|079|56|06|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|www.flyhamilton.ca}}
| pushpin_map = Canada Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ontario
| pushpin_label = '''YHM'''/CYHM
| r1-number = 06/24
| r1-length-f = 6,010
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number = 12/30
| r2-length-f = 10,006
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = 2023
| stat1-header = Aircraft movements
| stat1-data = 36,419
| stat2-header = Number of passengers
| stat2-data = 820,011
| footnotes = Sources: [[Canada Flight Supplement]]<ref name="CFS">{{CFS}}</ref> [[Environment Canada]]<ref>[http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/metstat1_e.html Synoptic/Metstat Station Information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627233755/http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/metstat1_e.html |date=2013-06-27 }}</ref> Movements from [[Statistics Canada]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft movements, by class of operation, airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly| date=February 29, 2024 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=2310029601|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=March 1, 2024}}</ref> Passengers from Hamilton International Airport<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton International Releases its 2023 Year in Review |url=https://flyhamilton.ca/hamilton-international-releases-its-2023-year-in-review/|website=flyhamilton.ca|date=9 May 2024 |access-date=May 10, 2024}}</ref>
| publictransit = {{rint|hamilton|hsr}} [[Hamilton Street Railway|HSR]] {{rbox|20||red}} {{rint|us|megabus}} [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] (from [[Toronto]])
}}

'''John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport''' {{airport codes|YHM|CYHM}}, or simply '''Hamilton Airport''', is an [[international airport]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada. The airport is part of the neighbourhood of [[Mount Hope, Hamilton, Ontario|Mount Hope]], {{convert|11|km}} southwest of Downtown Hamilton and {{convert|40|mi|abbr=on|order=flip}} southwest of [[Toronto]].<ref name="CFS"/> The airport serves the city of Hamilton and adjacent areas of [[Southern Ontario]], including the [[Greater Toronto Area]]. It is the closest [[relief airport]] for [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] capable of handling jet aircraft.{{efn|[[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport]] is closer to Pearson Airport, but cannot handle jet aircraft}} The airport is named after [[John Munro (Canadian politician)|John Carr Munro]], a longtime [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Hamilton East (federal electoral district)|Hamilton East]].

The airport opened in 1940 as Mount Hope Airport, which was primarily a [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] base, the history of which is reflected at the [[Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum]] located next to the airport. The end of [[World War II]] saw the closure of the base, and its conversion to civil use attracted regional and international passenger services with connections to [[List of cities in Canada|major Canadian cities]] and seasonal destinations in the United States, the Caribbean and Mexico. Regular services to the United States declined as nearby [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]] gained popularity for cross-border travellers in the region, but Hamilton remained an important base for a number of domestic [[low-cost carrier]]s.

The airport is the third largest cargo airport (after Toronto–Pearson and [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian cargo airports by weight |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/625791/canadian-cargo-airports-by-weight/ |website=Statista |access-date=23 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and the "largest overnight express cargo airport" in Canada.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Laura Clementson |title=Cargo plane makes emergency landing in Hamilton |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-airport-emergency-landing-1.4623491 |work=CBC |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417211301/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-airport-emergency-landing-1.4623491 |archive-date=2018-04-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hamilton includes a {{convert|10006|x|200|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]] runway with centreline lighting for low-visibility operations and a smaller {{convert|6010|x|150|ft|abbr=on|0}} asphalt runway, enough to handle large cargo operations with aircraft such as the [[Boeing 747]] or [[Antonov An-124 Ruslan|Antonov An-124]].

==History==

===Early history===
[[File:Hamilton Ontario International Airport.png|thumbnail|Map of the airport]]
Hamilton's first airport was the Hamilton Municipal Airport or Civic Airport at Reid Avenue North and Dunsmure Road (site of Roxborough Park) in 1929. It began as the home to the Hamilton Aeroclub. The [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] (RCAF) became a major user of the airport in the 1930s, but the airport closed in the 1950s to make way for residential development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GC2WV9H&title=historic-hamilton-hamilton-municipal-airport&guid=216c1806-b068-40f9-8a21-6f2779adb662|title=Geocaching - The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site|last=Geocaching|access-date=2017-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908112553/https://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?wp=GC2WV9H&title=historic-hamilton-hamilton-municipal-airport&guid=216c1806-b068-40f9-8a21-6f2779adb662|archive-date=2017-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1940, Mount Hope Airport was opened and became the site of [[RCAF Station Hamilton]]. During [[World War II]], the field hosted two units for the [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]]: first, {{abbr|No.|number}} 10 Elementary Flying Training School (later moved to [[Pendleton Airport|RCAF Station Pendleton]]) using the [[De Havilland Tiger Moth]] and [[Fleet Finch]], then No. 33 Air Navigation School using the [[Avro Anson]]. After the war, the airport gradually shifted towards civil use, until the military ceased using it as a base for Air Reserve operations in 1964.

From 1969 to 1985, [[Nordair]] offered jet service from Hamilton to Montreal, Grand Bahama Island and Windsor.<ref name="passenger flights">{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Arnold |url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/6261216-air-canada-to-launch-hamilton-montreal-service-in-may/ |title=Air Canada to launch Hamilton-Montreal service in May |date=2016-02-04 |newspaper=Hamilton Spectator |access-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122160815/http://www.thespec.com/news-story/6261216-air-canada-to-launch-hamilton-montreal-service-in-may/ |archive-date=2016-11-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[City Express]] flew to Montreal and Ottawa for three months in 1985. Tempus Air offered same route as City Express from 1986 to 1988. [[USAir]] began service to Pittsburgh in 1987. By 1988, [[Pan Am Express]] flew to New York City and [[Nationair]] flew to London, England. Pan Am Express and Nationair stopped their operations at Hamilton in the following year. Canadian Partner began service to Montreal and Ottawa in 1989.

===1990s===
Canadian Partner's service to Montreal and Ottawa ended in 1991.<ref name="passenger flights" /> In the same year, [[Pem-Air]] and [[Air Laurentian]] offered service to Ottawa but both airlines stopped the route in 1993. [[Northwest Airlink]] offered flights to Detroit from 1992 to 1993. There was no scheduled passenger service until [[Greyhound Air]] flew to Hamilton in 1996 before the company folded in 1997.

In 1996, Hamilton-Wentworth signed a contract with a private company to manage and operate it for 40 years.<ref name="thestar.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2018/06/25/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-secondary-airports-in-canada.html|title=Growth of low-cost airlines giving boost to secondary airports in Canada - The Star|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=25 June 2018|access-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629195935/https://www.thestar.com/business/2018/06/25/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-secondary-airports-in-canada.html|archive-date=2018-06-29|url-status=live}}</ref> The consortium consisted of WestPark Developments, Vancouver Airport Authority and TradePort International Corporation Ltd., a subsidiary of Vantage Airport Group, which manages 10 airports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/|title=Our History - Hamilton International Airport|website=flyhamilton.ca|access-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155037/http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/about/our-history/|archive-date=2018-06-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2000-2010===
In 2000, [[WestJet]] expanded to Canada's eastern region, choosing Hamilton as the airline's eastern region [[airline hub|hub]],<ref name="passenger flights" /> and flying to destinations from [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] to [[British Columbia]]. [[Continental Airlines]] also offered service to [[Cleveland]] in 2000 but stopped in the same year. In April 2004, seeking to compete with Air Canada for business travellers, WestJet moved its eastern hub from Hamilton to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]]. While Hamilton retained flights to many destinations, services to [[Montreal]] and [[Ottawa]] were ended. In the wake of the WestJet pullout, [[CanJet]] began service to Hamilton in 2003. Then in the spring of 2005, two weeks after [[Air Canada Jazz]] announced it would enter the local market with service from Hamilton to Montreal and Ottawa, CanJet announced a complete withdrawal from Hamilton. Citing high fuel prices, Air Canada Jazz withdrew its services from Hamilton airport to Montreal and Ottawa by 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jang |first1=Brent |title=Fuel prices force Jazz to pull out of Hamilton |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/fuel-prices-force-jazz-to-pull-out-of-hamilton/article17987813/ |publisher=The Globe and Mail |access-date=23 August 2021 |date=19 June 2008}}</ref> From 2007 to 2009, [[Flyglobespan]] offered seasonal service to the United Kingdom, including [[Liverpool]], [[Manchester]] and [[Doncaster]]. In 2010, WestJet cut two-thirds of its flights out of Hamilton. The only remaining service by WestJet was one daily service to [[Calgary]].<ref name="passenger flights" /> In 2015, [[Air Canada Rouge]] planned to begin daily service to Calgary by June 2015 but the launch was delayed and ultimately cancelled.

In 2007, YVR Airport Services (now [[Vantage Airport Group]]), which runs the [[Vancouver International Airport]], took over 100 per cent ownership of TradePort International in a $13-million deal. In late 2007, Trade Port Co. and Citi Corp. bought land from the city of Hamilton to expand runway 06/24 to {{convert|9000|ft|abbr=on|0}}. This was expected to happen sometime between 2015 and 2019.<ref name="MP">[http://www.flyhi.ca/wp-content/uploads/amp_update.pdf Hamilton International 2004 Airport Master Plan Update] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716021851/http://www.flyhi.ca/wp-content/uploads/amp_update.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }}</ref>

===2010-present===
Hamilton saw growth as Air Canada resumed daily flights to Montreal in 2016 via [[Air Canada Express]] and WestJet adding service to [[Edmonton]], [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] and [[Winnipeg]].

In 2017, Hamilton experienced an 80 per cent increase in passengers, to 600,000, which was still well below its capacity of 3 million per year. In 2018, ultra-low-cost carriers including [[Swoop (airline)|Swoop]], [[Flair Airlines]], [[Canada Jetlines]] chose Hamilton as a hub for service to the [[Greater Toronto Area|Greater Toronto]] region. Flair Airlines later shifted operations to Toronto-Pearson in mid-2018 and Air Canada Express again ended its service to Montreal in early-2019. From March to September 2019, [[Norwegian Air Shuttle]] operated flights to [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]], bringing transatlantic service to Hamilton for the first time in over a decade,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Norwegian flights |title=Flights to Dublin from Hamilton |url=https://www.norwegian.com/en-ca/booking/flights/farecalendar/?D_City=YHM&A_City=DUB&D_Day=01&D_Month=201903&R_Day=01&R_Month=201903&AgreementCodeFK=-1&CurrencyCode=CAD&mode=ab |website=Norwegian |access-date=2018-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621144251/https://www.norwegian.com/en-ca/booking/flights/farecalendar/?D_City=YHM&A_City=DUB&D_Day=01&D_Month=201903&R_Day=01&R_Month=201903&AgreementCodeFK=-1&CurrencyCode=CAD&mode=ab |archive-date=2018-06-21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="thestar.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vantageairportgroup.com/news/news/norwegian-air-selects-hamilton-international-for-first-canadian-transatlantic-service/|title=Norwegian Air Selects Hamilton International for First Canadian Transatlantic Service - Vantage|access-date=2018-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155531/http://www.vantageairportgroup.com/news/news/norwegian-air-selects-hamilton-international-for-first-canadian-transatlantic-service/|archive-date=2018-06-29|url-status=live}}</ref> but ceased operations citing [[Boeing 737 MAX groundings]].<ref name="Norwegian">{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5761331/norwegian-airlines-end-flights-hamilton/|title=Norwegian Airlines to end flights between Hamilton and Europe in September|publisher=Global News|date=August 13, 2019|access-date=September 8, 2019}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario]], Hamilton airport saw 60% reduction in passenger services over the year 2020 while peak levels of cargo operations were maintained.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rankin |first1=Christine |title=Hamilton International Airport operating at Christmas-peak levels of cargo throughout pandemic |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/john-c-munro-hamilton-international-airport-cargo-passengers-1.5764863 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=23 August 2021 |date=19 October 2020}}</ref> The airport was a key entry point for imported medical supplies into the country, including Canada's first shipment of the [[Tozinameran|Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine]] which landed on December 14, 2020 from [[Cologne]], Germany by [[UPS Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tsekouras |first1=Phil |title=Ontario administers first doses of COVID-19 vaccine in Toronto |url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/ontario-administers-first-doses-of-covid-19-vaccine-in-toronto-1.5230004 |publisher=CTV News |access-date=23 August 2021 |language=en |date=14 December 2020}}</ref>

In January 2023, Icelandic airline [[Play (airline)|Play]] announced plans to bring flights between Hamilton and [[Reykjavík]] in June 2023,<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/play-launches-in-canada-offering-low-cos-tickets-to-europe-820690645.html|title=Play launches in Canada offering low-cost tickets to Europe|work=Play|publisher=[[Cision]]|date=January 10, 2023}}</ref> re-introducing service to Europe. However, the airline is ending this route on April 23, 2025.<ref name="Aeroroutes Play Reduction">{{cite web |title=PLAY NS25 Discontinues Routes Summary – 05JAN25 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/250106-ogns25cxld |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref>

==Secondary airport for Toronto==
Since the 1970s, [[Greater Toronto Airports Authority]] (GTAA) and the [[Government of Canada]] planned [[Pickering Airport|a second international airport]] for Toronto in [[Pickering, Ontario]], to act as an official relief airport for [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto-Pearson]]. Supporters of the plan argued that Hamilton is too far from Toronto to be a reliever, while the opposers pointed out that relief airports for [[Logan International Airport]] in [[Boston]] ([[Rhode Island T. F. Green International Airport]] and [[Manchester-Boston Regional Airport]]), for example, are farther from [[Downtown Boston]] than Hamilton Airport is from [[Downtown Toronto]]. In October 2017, the Pickering City Council supported the development of an airport in Pickering during its joint-bid with the rest of Greater Toronto to host [[Amazon HQ2]]. However, a GTAA report in December 2017 suggested that an airport in Pickering was not necessary at the moment and that Pearson can meet demand until 2037.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/8032428-potential-airport-is-pickering-s-newsmaker-of-2017/|title=Potential airport is Pickering's newsmaker of 2017|first=Kristen|last=Calis|date=4 January 2018|access-date=29 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629183027/https://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/8032428-potential-airport-is-pickering-s-newsmaker-of-2017/|archive-date=29 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hamilton charges 30 to 50 per cent lower fees to airlines than Pearson and its compact size makes travel quicker for passengers and allows aircraft to spend less time on the ground.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-canada-s-biggest-secondary-airports-1.3987378|title=Growth of low-cost airlines giving boost to Canada's biggest secondary airports|first=Ross|last=Marowits|date=25 June 2018|access-date=29 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629211211/https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/growth-of-low-cost-airlines-giving-boost-to-canada-s-biggest-secondary-airports-1.3987378|archive-date=29 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===

{{Airport-dest-list
| [[Play (airline)|Play]] | [[Keflavík International Airport|Reykjavík–Keflavík]] (ends April 23, 2025)<ref name="Aeroroutes Play Reduction" />

| [[Porter Airlines]]| [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]] (begins June 11, 2025),<ref name="PorterYHM">{{cite web|url= https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250204793744/en/Porter-Airlines-Landing-in-Hamilton-With-Four-Routes |title= Porter Airlines Landing in Hamilton With Four Routes |publisher=Business Wire|date=February 4, 2025|accessdate=February 4, 2025}}</ref> [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton]] (begins June 11, 2025),<ref name="PorterYHM" /> [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport|Halifax]] (begins June 3, 2025),<ref name="PorterYHM" /> [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]] (begins June 3, 2025)<ref name="PorterYHM" />

| {{nowrap|[[Sunwing Airlines]]{{cn|date=January 2025}}}} | '''Seasonal:''' [[Cancún International Airport|Cancún]], [[Jardines del Rey Airport|Cayo Coco]], [[Punta Cana International Airport|Punta Cana]], [[Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport|Varadero]]

| [[WestJet]]{{cn|date=January 2025}} | [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]]

}}
[[Air Canada]] operates a shuttle bus service for their passengers between Hamilton International Airport and [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]].<ref>https://landline.com/aircanada/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle=Refs

| [[Amazon Air]] | [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]] | <ref>{{cite web |title=Network |url=http://cargojet.com/network/ |website=Cargojet |access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Cargojet]]}} | [[Calgary International Airport|Calgary]], [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]], [[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]], [[Rickenbacker International Airport|Columbus–Rickenbacker]], [[East Midlands Airport|East Midlands]], [[Edmonton International Airport|Edmonton]], [[Halifax Stanfield International Airport|Halifax]], [[José Martí International Airport|Havana]], [[Iqaluit Airport|Iqaluit]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]], [[Greater Moncton International Airport|Moncton]], [[Montréal–Mirabel International Airport|Montréal–Mirabel]], [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport|Ottawa]], [[Vancouver International Airport|Vancouver]], [[Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport|Winnipeg]] | <ref>{{cite web |title=Network |url=http://cargojet.com/network/ |website=Cargojet |access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Castle Aviation]]}} | [[Akron–Canton Airport|Akron/Canton]], [[DuPage Airport|Chicago–DuPage]], [[Cleveland Hopkins International Airport|Cleveland]], [[Indianapolis International Airport|Indianapolis]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

| {{nowrap|[[Central Mountain Air]]}} | [[Kingston/Norman Rogers Airport|Kingston (ON)]], [[Sudbury Airport|Sudbury]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

| {{nowrap|[[DHL Aviation]]}} | [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport|Anchorage]], [[O’Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

| [[UPS Airlines]] | [[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport|Louisville]] | {{cn|date=January 2025}}

}}

==Statistics==
===Passenger===
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=YHM}}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:right"
|+ Annual passenger traffic<ref>{{cite web |last1=Passenger Traffic |title=Facts & Figures YHM |url=http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/news-media/facts-figures/ |website=flyhamilton.ca |language=en |access-date=2018-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901025119/http://flyhamilton.ca/passenger/news-media/facts-figures/ |archive-date=2017-09-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hamilton International celebrates three years of unprecedented growth |date=23 January 2020 |url=https://flyhamilton.ca/hamilton-international-celebrates-three-years-of-unprecedented-growth |access-date=January 24, 2020 }}</ref>
! Year
! Passengers
! % change
|-
|2010||387,831|| {{steady}}
|-
|2011||332,659|| {{decrease}} -14.2%
|-
|2012||351,491|| {{increase}} 5.6%
|-
|2013|| 341,740|| {{decrease}} -2.8%
|-
|2014||332,378|| {{decrease}} -2.7%
|-
|2015||312,839|| {{decrease}} -5.9%
|-
|2016||333,368|| {{increase}} 6.7%
|-
|2017||599,146|| {{increase}} 80%
|-
|2018||725,630|| {{increase}} 21%
|-
|2019||955,373|| {{increase}} 32%
|-
|2020||329,193|| {{decrease}} -66%
|-
|2021||250,019|| {{decrease}} -24%
|-
|2022||645,789|| {{increase}} 158%
|-
|2023||820,011|| {{increase}} 27%
|-
|}
Hamilton has experienced significant volatility in its passenger traffic numbers. The airport met its peak at 1,041,204 passengers in 2003, when it was a hub for [[WestJet]] for a year before moving operations to Toronto-Pearson.<ref>{{cite web |title=WestJet shifts operations to Toronto from Hamilton |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/westjet-shifts-operations-to-toronto-from-hamilton-1.474709 |website=cbc.ca/news |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 }}</ref> Between 2016 and 2019, passenger numbers again increased close to a million passengers as more low-cost carriers began service at the airport. Passenger numbers sharply declined in 2020 after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Craggs, Samantha |title=Hamilton airport getting closer to long-promised goal of 1M passengers |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/hamilton-airport-getting-closer-to-long-promised-goal-of-1m-passengers-1.4988026 |website=cbc.ca/news |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 }}</ref>

===Cargo===
[[File:Cargotonnage.png|thumb|Annual cargo tonnage in metric tonnes.<ref name="www150.statcan.gc.ca"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=John C. Munro International Airport |title=Hamilton International celebrates three years of unprecedented growth |url=https://flyhamilton.ca/hamilton-international-celebrates-three-years-of-unprecedented-growth/ |website=flyhamilton.ca |date=23 January 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-02-05 }}</ref>]]

With about 25% of the annual cargo tonnage of Canada's busiest cargo airport Toronto-Pearson, Hamilton is a major Canadian cargo airport. It has consistently ranked as the third or fourth busiest cargo airport in Canada over the last decade behind only Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver and, since 2017, Montréal–Trudeau. With around 70% of Hamilton's cargo tonnage being domestic cargo it has consistently ranked as the third busiest domestic cargo airport in Canada behind Vancouver and Toronto.<ref name="www150.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web |last1=Statistics Canada |title=Air Cargo Traffic at Canadian Airports, Annual |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=2310025401 |website=statscan.ca |date=20 September 2013 |language=en |access-date=2020-01-18 }}</ref> [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], [[DHL]], [[Purolator Inc.|Purolator]], and [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] operate major shipping centres within or next to the airport.

==Access==

The airport is located near [[Ontario Highway 6|Highway 6]], which provides access to Hamilton International Airport via [[Ontario Highway 403|Highway 403]].

The [[Hamilton Street Railway]] (HSR) operates bus route 20 A-Line Express, a limited-stop service, from the airport to [[Hamilton GO Centre]] and [[West Harbour GO Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Schedules & Detours - City of Hamilton|url = https://www.hamilton.ca/home-neighbourhood/hsr/schedule-route-tools/schedules-detours|website = www.hamilton.ca|date = January 17, 2024|access-date = 2024-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = 20 A Line Express schedule|url = https://www.hamilton.ca/sites/default/files/2023-08/20-A-LINE-fall2023.pdf|website = www.hamilton.ca|date = September 3, 2023|access-date = 2024-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223150100/https://www.hamilton.ca/sites/default/files/2023-08/20-A-LINE-fall2023.pdf|archive-date=2024-02-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] began daily express service between the airport and [[Toronto]] in 2019,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/airport-bus-1.5058189|title=New bus will connect Hamilton's airport to Toronto|date=Mar 15, 2019|work=CBC News|access-date=Apr 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323204306/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/airport-bus-1.5058189|archive-date=March 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> as of 2024 serving one trip a day from the [[Union Station Bus Terminal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ca.megabus.com/|title=Megabus trip planner|access-date=2024-02-23}}</ref> King Shuttle provides pre-booked service from the airport to [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], [[Union Station (Toronto)|Toronto Union Station]], other destinations in [[Greater Toronto Area]], and [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chch.com/new-daily-shuttle-bus-runs-hamilton-airport-toronto/|title=New daily shuttle service runs from Hamilton airport to Toronto|last=Sandra says|website=CHCH|date=9 May 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323204940/https://www.chch.com/new-daily-shuttle-bus-runs-hamilton-airport-toronto/|archive-date=2019-03-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hamiltonairportshuttle.ca/|title=Hamilton Airport Shuttle Bus|access-date=2024-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119120349/https://hamiltonairportshuttle.ca/|archive-date=2024-01-19|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Aviation institutions ==

The aviation programs of [[Mohawk College]] have shared facilities at the airport with [[KF Aerospace]]. As of 2017, the learning facilities include an electricity lab, a hangar, airport apron and two classrooms. Near North Aviation (NNA) is a [[Flight training|flight school]] based at [[Parry Sound Area Municipal Airport]] with a base at the Jetport facilities in Hamilton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flygha.com/|title=Golden Horseshoe Aviation|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330010839/http://flygha.com/|archive-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airports in the Greater Toronto Area]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category inline}}
* {{Official website|https://flyhamilton.ca/}}
* [http://archive.copanational.org/PlacesToFly/airport_view.php?pr_id=1&ap_id=238 Canadian Owners & Pilots Association's Airport Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405214425/http://archive.copanational.org/PlacesToFly/airport_view.php?pr_id=1&ap_id=238 |date=2012-04-05 }}
{{Can-arpt-wx|CYHM|Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport}}

{{Portalbar|Aviation}}
{{Airports in Ontario}}
{{List of airports in Canada}}
{{Hamilton}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Certified airports in Ontario]]
[[Category:Airports of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]]
[[Category:Transport buildings and structures in Hamilton, Ontario]]

2024 World Lacrosse Box Championships

2025-03-25T18:48:39Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Lacrosse competition in New York, US}}

{{Infobox International Lacrosse Competition
| other_titles = Men
| image = 2024 World Lacrosse Box Championships.png
| country = United States
| dates = 20-29 September 2024
| num_teams = 28
| venues = 3
| cities = [[Utica, New York]] and [[Oneida territory]]
| winners_other = {{iil|CAN}}
| count = 6
| second_other = {{iil|USA}}
| third_other = {{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| fourth_other = {{iil|ENG}}
| games =
| goals =
| attendance =
| scoring_leader =
| mvp = {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Jeff Teat]]
| prevseason = [[2019 World Indoor Lacrosse Championship|2019]]
| nextseason =
| website =
}}

{{Infobox International Lacrosse Competition
| other_titles = Women
| image = 2024 World Lacrosse Box Championships.png
| country = United States
| dates = 20-29 September 2024
| num_teams = 10
| venues = 3
| cities = [[Utica, New York]] Oneida territory
| winners_other = {{Flag decoration|USA}} [[United States women's national indoor lacrosse team|United States]]
| count = 1
| second_other = {{iil|CAN}}
| third_other = {{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| fourth_other = {{iil|AUS}}
| games =
| goals =
| attendance =
| scoring_leader =
| mvp = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ally Kennedy]]
| prevseason =
| nextseason =
| website =
}}

The '''2024 [[World Lacrosse Box Championships]]''' was the sixth international men’s box lacrosse championship and first international women’s box lacrosse championship organized by [[World Lacrosse]]. It was held 20-29 September 2024 in [[Utica, New York]], [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/article/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships-now-set-for-september-20-29/ |title=2024 World Lacrosse Box Championships now set for September 20-29 |publisher=World Lacrosse |date=August 30, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=World Lacrosse awards 2024 Box Championships to Utica, New York |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/article/world-lacrosse-awards-2024-box-championships-to-utica-new-york/ |website=World Lacrosse |accessdate=2 May 2023}}</ref>

== Teams ==
Twenty-eight countries for men's teams and ten countries for women's teams competed in the 2024 World Lacrosse Box Championships.<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=2024 Box Championships Roster Tracker |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/article/2024-box-championships-roster-tracker/ |accessdate=28 August 2024 |work=World Lacrosse }}</ref>

== Men ==
=== Pool play ===
==== Pool A ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|CAN}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 46 || 24 || 22 || 3 || rowspan="4"| Quarter-finals
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|USA}}
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 49 || 26 || 23 || 2
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 37 || 31 || 6 || 1
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|ENG}}
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 9 || 60 || -51 || 0
|}

==== Pool B ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#bbf3ff
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|ISR}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 71 || 18 || 53 || 3 || First Round
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|HKG}}
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 44 || 29 || 15 || 2 || Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|BEL}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 20 || 49 || -29 || 1 ||rowspan=2| 13th–28th placement round
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|MEX}}
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 25 || 64 || -39 || 0
|}

==== Pool C ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#bbf3ff
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|JPN}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 52 || 29 || 23 || 3 || First Round
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|FIN}}
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 50 || 29 || 21 || 2 || Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|SWI}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 21 || 45 || -24 || 1 ||rowspan=2| 13th–28th placement round
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|GRE}}
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 23 || 43 || -20 || 0
|}

==== Pool D ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#bbf3ff
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|CZE}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 65 || 13 || 52 || 3 || First Round
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|SCO}}
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 42 || 39 || 3 || 2 || Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|JAM}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 28 || 43 || -15 || 1 ||rowspan=2| 13th–28th placement round
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|TPE}}
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 19 || 59 || -40 || 0
|}

==== Pool E ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|NED}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 57 || 35 || 22 || 3 ||rowspan=2| Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|ITA}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 41 || 42 || -1 || 1
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|AUT}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 38 || 50 || -12 || 1 ||rowspan=2| 13th–28th placement round
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{Flag decoration|U.S. Virgin Islands}} [[U.S. Virgin Islands national indoor lacrosse team|U.S. Virgin Islands]]
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 40 || 49 || -9 || 1
|}

==== Pool F ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|AUS}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 60 || 31 || 29 || 3 ||rowspan=2| Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|SVK}}
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 41 || 37 || 4 || 2
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|PUR}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 40 || 41 || -1 || 1 ||rowspan=2| 13th–28th placement round
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|HUN}}
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 29 || 61 || -32 || 0
|}

==== Pool G ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#bbf3ff
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|IRE}}
| 3 || 3 || 0 || 48 || 14 || 34 || 3 || First Round
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|GER}}
| 3 || 2 || 1 || 36 || 26 || 10 || 2 || Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|CHN}}
| 3 || 1 || 2 || 26 || 53 || -27 || 1 ||rowspan=2| 13th–28th placement round
|- bgcolor=#ffbbbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{iil|POL}}
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 23 || 40 || -17 || 0
|}
* Standings<ref>{{cite web |title=Men's Statistics |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/mens-statistics/#cmd=group-rank-full-ex&fmt=compact |website=World Lacrosse |access-date=7 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226023648/https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/mens-statistics/#cmd=group-rank-full-ex&fmt=compact |archive-date=26 December 2024 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Tie breaking procedure<ref name="tiebreaking">{{cite web |title=Format and Progression |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/format-and-progression/ |website=World Lacrosse |access-date=7 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211192558/https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/format-and-progression/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Championship Round ===
All participating teams in Pool A are awarded the 1-4 Seeds based on the Pool A Standings. The four teams with the highest point differentials in the remaining 6 Pools were awarded the 5-8 Seeds. The 8 teams with the next highest point differentials were awarded the 9-16 Seeds.<ref name="bracketM">{{Cite web |title=Brackets |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/brackets/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=World Lacrosse|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211144659/https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/brackets/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Championship Bracket ====
{{#invoke:RoundN|N32
| bold_winner = high
| omit_blanks = yes
| skipmatch = 1-3;5-7;9-11;13-15;17;19;21;23
| RD1 = Play-In
| RD2 = First Round
| RD3 = Quarter-finals
| RD4 = Semi-finals
| RD5 = Final
| RD5b = Third place
| flex_tree = yes


||{{RDseed|9}}{{iil|NED}}|11|{{RDseed|16}}{{iil|ITA}}|7
||{{RDseed|12}}{{iil|HKG}}|9|{{RDseed|13}}{{iil|GER}}|12
||{{RDseed|10}}{{iil|AUS}}|21|{{RDseed|15}}{{iil|SCO}}|7
||{{RDseed|11}}{{iil|FIN}}|20|{{RDseed|14}}{{iil|SVK}}|4

||{{RDseed|8}}{{iil|JPN}}|12|{{RDseed|9}}{{iil|NED}}|9
||{{RDseed|5}}{{iil|CZE}}|11|{{RDseed|13}}{{iil|GER}}|5
||{{RDseed|7}}{{iil|IRL}}|12|{{RDseed|10}}{{iil|AUS}}|11
||{{RDseed|6}}{{iil|ISR}}|17|{{RDseed|11}}{{iil|FIN}}|16

||{{RDseed|1}}{{iil|CAN}}|22|{{RDseed|8}}{{iil|JPN}}|4
||{{RDseed|4}}{{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]|13|{{RDseed|5}}{{iil|CZE}}|8
||{{RDseed|2}}{{iil|USA}}|24|{{RDseed|7}}{{iil|IRL}}|6
||{{RDseed|3}}{{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]|24|{{RDseed|6}}{{iil|ISR}}|6

||{{RDseed|1}}{{iil|CAN}}|20|{{RDseed|4}}{{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]|3
||{{RDseed|2}}{{iil|USA}}|12|{{RDseed|3}}{{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]|11

||{{RDseed|1}}{{iil|CAN}}|13|{{RDseed|2}}{{iil|USA}}|7

||{{RDseed|4}}{{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]|5|{{RDseed|3}}{{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]|14
}}

=== Placement Round ===
* Bracket<ref name="BracketM"/>
* Scores<ref name="ScoresM">{{cite web |title=Men's Statistics |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/mens-statistics/#cmd=group-rank-full-ex&fmt=compact |website=World Lacrosse |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226023648/https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/mens-statistics/#cmd=group-rank-full-ex&fmt=compact |archive-date=26 December 2024 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
==== 5th–8th placement ====
Teams who lose in the Quarterfinals in the playoff bracket play in the below bracket for 5th through 8th place.

{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 2
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = 5th–8th place
| RD2 = 5th place
| RD2b = 7th place


| RD1-seed1 = 5
| RD1-team1 = {{iil|CZE}}
| RD1-score1 = 10
| RD1-seed2 = 8
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|JPN}}
| RD1-score2 = 8
| RD1-seed3 = 6
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|ISR}}
| RD1-score3 = 15
| RD1-seed4 = 7
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|IRE}}
| RD1-score4 = 8


| RD2-seed1 = 5
| RD2-team1 = {{iil|CZE}}
| RD2-score1 = 10
| RD2-seed2 = 6
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|ISR}}
| RD2-score2 = 18


| RD2b-seed1 = 8
| RD2b-team1 = {{iil|JPN}}
| RD2b-score1 = 14
| RD2b-seed2 = 7
| RD2b-team2 = {{iil|IRE}}
| RD2b-score2 = 15
}}

==== 9th–12th placement ====
Teams who lose in the First Round of the playoff bracket play in the below bracket for 9th through 11th place.

{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 2
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = 9th–12th place
| RD2 = 9th place
| RD2b = 11th place


| RD1-seed1 = 10
| RD1-team1 = {{iil|AUS}}
| RD1-score1 = 8
| RD1-seed2 = 11
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|FIN}}
| RD1-score2 = 13
| RD1-seed3 = 9
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|NED}}
| RD1-score3 = 9
| RD1-seed4 = 13
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|GER}}
| RD1-score4 = 13


| RD2-seed1 = 11
| RD2-team1 = {{iil|FIN}}
| RD2-score1 = 17
| RD2-seed2 = 13
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|GER}}
| RD2-score2 = 15


| RD2b-seed1 = 10
| RD2b-team1 = {{iil|AUS}}
| RD2b-score1 = 13
| RD2b-seed2 = 9
| RD2b-team2 = {{iil|NED}}
| RD2b-score2 = 8
}}

==== 13th–15th placement ====
Teams who are rank 3–4 in Pool B to Pool G in the below bracket for 13th through 28th place.

{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 4
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = 13th–28th place
| RD2 = 13th–20th place
| RD3 = 13th–16th place
| RD4 = 13th place
| RD4b = 15th place


| RD1-seed1 = 12
| RD1-team1 = {{iil|HKG}}
| RD1-score1 = 13
| RD1-seed2 = 28
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|TPE}}
| RD1-score2 = 14
| RD1-seed3 = 20
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|BEL}}
| RD1-score3 = 12
| RD1-seed4 = 21
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|CHN}}
| RD1-score4 = 16
| RD1-seed5 = 17
| RD1-team5 = {{iil|PUR}}
| RD1-score5 = 11
| RD1-seed6 = 24
| RD1-team6 = {{iil|POL}}
| RD1-score6 = 17
| RD1-seed7 = 16
| RD1-team7 = {{iil|ITA}}
| RD1-score7 = 15
| RD1-seed8 = 25
| RD1-team8 = {{iil|GRE}}
| RD1-score8 = 9
| RD1-seed9 = 15
| RD1-team9 = {{iil|SCO}}
| RD1-score9 = 17
| RD1-seed10 = 26
| RD1-team10 = {{iil|HUN}}
| RD1-score10 = 7
| RD1-seed11 = 18
| RD1-team11 = {{iil|JAM}}
| RD1-score11 = 18
| RD1-seed12 = 23
| RD1-team12 = {{iil|USVI}}
| RD1-score12 = 19
| RD1-seed13 = 19
| RD1-team13 = {{iil|AUT}}
| RD1-score13 = 10
| RD1-seed14 = 22
| RD1-team14 = {{iil|SWI}}
| RD1-score14 = 9
| RD1-seed15 = 14
| RD1-team15 = {{iil|SVK}}
| RD1-score15 = 18
| RD1-seed16 = 27
| RD1-team16 = {{iil|MEX}}
| RD1-score16 = 7


| RD2-seed1 = 28
| RD2-team1 = {{iil|TPE}}
| RD2-score1 = 6
| RD2-seed2 = 21
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|CHN}}
| RD2-score2 = 16
| RD2-seed3 = 24
| RD2-team3 = {{iil|POL}}
| RD2-score3 = 5
| RD2-seed4 = 16
| RD2-team4 = {{iil|ITA}}
| RD2-score4 = 15
| RD2-seed5 = 15
| RD2-team5 = {{iil|SCO}}
| RD2-score5 = 15
| RD2-seed6 = 23
| RD2-team6 = {{iil|USVI}}
| RD2-score6 = 16
| RD2-seed7 = 19
| RD2-team7 = {{iil|AUT}}
| RD2-score7 = 7
| RD2-seed8 = 14
| RD2-team8 = {{iil|SVK}}
| RD2-score8 = 9


| RD3-seed1 = 21
| RD3-team1 = {{iil|CHN}}
| RD3-score1 = 12
| RD3-seed2 = 16
| RD3-team2 = {{iil|ITA}}
| RD3-score2 = 14
| RD3-seed3 = 23
| RD3-team3 = {{iil|USVI}}
| RD3-score3 = 20
| RD3-seed4 = 14
| RD3-team4 = {{iil|SVK}}
| RD3-score4 = 10


| RD4-seed1 = 16
| RD4-team1 = {{iil|ITA}}
| RD4-score1 = 14
| RD4-seed2 = 23
| RD4-team2 = {{iil|USVI}}
| RD4-score2 = 13


| RD4b-seed1 = 21
| RD4b-team1 = {{iil|CHN}}
| RD4b-score1 = 17
| RD4b-seed2 = 14
| RD4b-team2 = {{iil|SVK}}
| RD4b-score2 = 12
}}

==== 17th–20th placement ====
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 2
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = 17th–20th place
| RD2 = 17th place
| RD2b = 19th place


| RD1-seed1 = 24
| RD1-team1 = {{iil|POL}}
| RD1-score1 = 13
| RD1-seed2 = 28
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|TPE}}
| RD1-score2 = 6
| RD1-seed3 = 15
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|SCO}}
| RD1-score3 = 14
| RD1-seed4 = 19
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|AUT}}
| RD1-score4 = 11


| RD2-seed1 = 24
| RD2-team1 = {{iil|POL}}
| RD2-score1 = 10
| RD2-seed2 = 15
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|SCO}}
| RD2-score2 = 8


| RD2b-seed1 = 28
| RD2b-team1 = {{iil|TPE}}
| RD2b-score1 = 12
| RD2b-seed2 = 19
| RD2b-team2 = {{iil|AUT}}
| RD2b-score2 = 17
}}

==== 21st–28th placement ====
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 3
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = 21st–28th place
| RD2 = 21st–24th place
| RD3 = 21st place
| RD3b = 23rd place


| RD1-seed1 = 12
| RD1-team1 = {{iil|HKG}}
| RD1-score1 = 20
| RD1-seed2 = 20
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|BEL}}
| RD1-score2 = 9
| RD1-seed3 = 17
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|PUR}}
| RD1-score3 = 12
| RD1-seed4 = 25
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|GRE}}
| RD1-score4 = 15
| RD1-seed5 = 18
| RD1-team5 = {{iil|JAM}}
| RD1-score5 = 13
| RD1-seed6 = 26
| RD1-team6 = {{iil|HUN}}
| RD1-score6 = 6
| RD1-seed7 = 22
| RD1-team7 = {{iil|SWI}}
| RD1-score7 = 15
| RD1-seed8 = 27
| RD1-team8 = {{iil|MEX}}
| RD1-score8 = 11


| RD2-seed1 = 12
| RD2-team1 = {{iil|HKG}}
| RD2-score1 = 20
| RD2-seed2 = 25
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|GRE}}
| RD2-score2 = 9
| RD2-seed3 = 18
| RD2-team3 = {{iil|JAM}}
| RD2-score3 = 10
| RD2-seed4 = 22
| RD2-team4 = {{iil|SWI}}
| RD2-score4 = 8


| RD3-seed1 = 12
| RD3-team1 = {{iil|HKG}}
| RD3-score1 = 16
| RD3-seed2 = 18
| RD3-team2 = {{iil|JAM}}
| RD3-score2 = 15


| RD3b-seed1 = 25
| RD3b-team1 = {{iil|GRE}}
| RD3b-score1 = 11
| RD3b-seed2 = 22
| RD3b-team2 = {{iil|SWI}}
| RD3b-score2 = 5
}}

==== 25th–28th placement ====
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 2
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = 25th–28th place
| RD2 = 25th place
| RD2b = 27th place


| RD1-seed1 = 17
| RD1-team1 = {{iil|PUR}}
| RD1-score1 = 16
| RD1-seed2 = 20
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|BEL}}
| RD1-score2 = 13
| RD1-seed3 = 18
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|HUN}}
| RD1-score3 = 0
| RD1-seed4 = 27
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|MEX}}
| RD1-score4 = 1


| RD2-seed1 = 17
| RD2-team1 = {{iil|PUR}}
| RD2-score1 = 20
| RD2-seed2 = 27
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|MEX}}
| RD2-score2 = 14
| RD2-seed3 = 20
| RD2-team3 = {{iil|BEL}}
| RD2-score3 = 1
| RD2-seed4 = 18
| RD2-team4 = {{iil|HUN}}
| RD2-score4 = 0
}}

=== Final Standings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
!Rank
! width="165" |Team
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}}
|-
|{{Gold1}}
| align="left" |{{iil|CAN}}
| 6
| 6
| 0
|
|
|
|-
|{{Silver2}}
| align="left" |{{iil|USA}}
| 6
| 4
| 2
|
|
|
|-
|{{Bronze3}}
| align="left" |{{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| 6
| 3
| 3
|
|
|
|-
|4
| align="left" |{{iil|ENG}}
| 6
| 1
| 5
|
|
|
|-
|5
| align="left" |{{iil|ISR}}
| 7
| 6
| 1
|
|
|
|-
|6
| align="left" |{{iil|CZE}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|7
| align="left" |{{iil|IRE}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|8
| align="left" |{{iil|JPN}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|9
| align="left" |{{iil|FIN}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|10
| align="left" |{{iil|GER}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|11
| align="left" |{{iil|AUS}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|12
| align="left" |{{iil|NED}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|13
| align="left" |{{iil|ITA}}
| 8
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|14
| align="left" |{{iil|USVI}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|15
| align="left" |{{iil|CHN}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|16
| align="left" |{{iil|SVK}}
| 8
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|17
| align="left" |{{iil|POL}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|18
| align="left" |{{iil|SCO}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|19
| align="left" |{{iil|AUT}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|20
| align="left" |{{iil|TPE}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|21
| align="left" |{{iil|HKG}}
| 8
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|22
| align="left" |{{iil|JAM}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|23
| align="left" |{{iil|GRE}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|24
| align="left" |{{iil|SWI}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|25
| align="left" |{{iil|PUR}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|26
| align="left" |{{iil|MEX}}
| 7
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|27
| align="left" |{{iil|BEL}}
|6
|2
|5
|55
|101
| -46
|-
|28
| align="left" |{{iil|HUN}}
|5
|0
|7
|42
|91
| -49
|}

=== All-World Team ===
Source:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lacrosse |first=World |date=2024-09-30 |title=World Teams and Most Valuable Players at 2024 World Lacrosse Box Championships |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/article/world-teams-and-most-valuable-players-at-2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=World Lacrosse |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''Goaltender''': [[Christian Del Bianco]], {{Flagicon|CAN}}
* '''Defense''': [[Steve Priolo]], {{Flagicon|CAN}}
* '''Transition''': Connor Kirst, {{Flagicon|USA}}
* '''Forward''': Jack Hannah, {{Flagicon|USA}}
* '''Forward''': [[Randy Staats]], {{Flagicon|Haudenosaunee}}
* '''Forward''': [[Jeff Teat]], {{Flagicon|CAN}}

== Women ==

=== Pool play ===
==== Pool A ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{Flag decoration|USA}} [[United States women's national indoor lacrosse team|United States]]
| 4 || 4 || 0 || 99 || 11 || 88 || 4 || rowspan="3"| Quarter-finals
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Haudenosaunee}}
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 55 || 24 || 31 || 3
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{ENG}}
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 34 || 62 || -28 || 2
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{NED}}
| 4 || 1 || 3 || 29 || 73 || -44 || 1 || rowspan="2"| Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 5 || style="text-align:left;" | {{HKG}}
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 25 || 72 || -47 || 0
|}

==== Pool B ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=165|Team
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GP|Games played}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|DIF|Goal difference}}
!width=40|{{Tooltip|PTS|Points}}
!width=125|Advanced to
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{CAN}}
| 4 || 4 || 0 || 113 || 0 || 113 || 4 || rowspan="3"| Quarter-finals
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{AUS}}
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 60 || 39 || 21 || 3
|- bgcolor=#ccffcc
| 3 || style="text-align:left;" | {{GER}}
| 4 || 2 || 2 || 37 || 57 || -20 || 2
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{IRE}}
| 4 || 1 || 3 || 27 || 65 || -38 || 1 || rowspan="2"| Play-In
|- bgcolor=#ffffbb
| 5 || style="text-align:left;" | {{FIN}}
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 6 || 82 || -76 || 0
|}
* Standings<ref>{{cite web |title=Women's Statistics |url=https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/womens-statistics/#cmd=group-rank-full-ex&fmt=compact |website=World Lacrosse |access-date=7 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211192536/https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/womens-statistics/#cmd=group-rank-full-ex&fmt=compact |archive-date=11 December 2024 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Tiebreaking<ref name="tiebreaking"/>

=== Championship Round ===

==== Championship Bracket ====
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 4
| boldwinner = high
| RD1-omit = 1/2/5/6/7/8/9/10//13/14/15/16
| RD1 = {{{RD1|Play-In}}}
| RD2 = {{{RD2|Quarter-finals}}}
| RD3 = {{{RD3|Semi-finals}}}
| RD4 = {{{RD4|Final}}}
| RD4b = {{{RD4b|Third place}}}



| RD1-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B4}}}}}}
| RD1-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A5}}}}}}
| RD1-seed3 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A4}}}}}}
| RD1-seed4 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B5}}}}}}



| RD1-team1 = {{iil|IRE}}
| RD1-score1 = 12
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|HKG}}
| RD1-score2 = 7
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|NED}}
| RD1-score3 = 23
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|FIN}}
| RD1-score4 = 3



| RD2-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A1}}}}}}
| RD2-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B4}}}}}}
| RD2-seed3 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B2}}}}}}
| RD2-seed4 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A3}}}}}}
| RD2-seed5 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B1}}}}}}
| RD2-seed6 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A4}}}}}}
| RD2-seed7 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A2}}}}}}
| RD2-seed8 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B3}}}}}}

| RD2-team1 = {{Flag decoration|USA}} [[United States women's national indoor lacrosse team|United States]]
| RD2-score1 = 30
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|IRE}}
| RD2-score2 = 1
| RD2-team3 = {{iil|AUS}}
| RD2-score3 = 19
| RD2-team4 = {{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]
| RD2-score4 = 12
| RD2-team5 = {{iil|CAN}}
| RD2-score5 = 33
| RD2-team6 = {{iil|NED}}
| RD2-score6 = 2
| RD2-team7 = {{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| RD2-score7 = 7
| RD2-team8 = {{iil|GER}}
| RD2-score8 = 2



| RD3-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A1}}}}}}
| RD3-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B2}}}}}}
| RD3-seed3 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B1}}}}}}
| RD3-seed4 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A2}}}}}}

| RD3-team1 = {{Flag decoration|USA}} [[United States women's national indoor lacrosse team|United States]]
| RD3-score1 = 26
| RD3-team2 = {{iil|AUS}}
| RD3-score2 = 2
| RD3-team3 = {{iil|CAN}}
| RD3-score3 = 19
| RD3-team4 = {{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| RD3-score4 = 3



| RD4-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A1}}}}}}
| RD4-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B1}}}}}}

| RD4-team1 = {{Flag decoration|USA}} [[United States women's national indoor lacrosse team|United States]]
| RD4-score1 = 10
| RD4-team2 = {{iil|CAN}}
| RD4-score2 = 7



| RD4b-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B2}}}}}}
| RD4b-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A2}}}}}}

| RD4b-team1 = {{iil|AUS}}
| RD4b-score1 = 4
| RD4b-team2 = {{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
| RD4b-score2 = 21

}}

=== Placement Round ===
==== 5th–8th Placement ====
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 2
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = {{{RD1|Round 1}}}
| RD2 = {{{RD2|5th Place Game}}}
| RD2b = {{{RD3|7th Place Game}}}



| RD1-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A3}}}}}}
| RD1-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B4}}}}}}
| RD1-seed3 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B3}}}}}}
| RD1-seed4 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A4}}}}}}



| RD1-team1 = {{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]
| RD1-score1 = 11
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|IRE}}
| RD1-score2 = 6
| RD1-team3 = {{iil|GER}}
| RD1-score3 = 12
| RD1-team4 = {{iil|NED}}
| RD1-score4 = 11



| RD2-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A3}}}}}}
| RD2-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B3}}}}}}

| RD2-team1 = {{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]
| RD2-score1 = 14
| RD2-team2 = {{iil|GER}}
| RD2-score2 = 13


| RD2b-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B4}}}}}}
| RD2b-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A4}}}}}}

| RD2b-team1 = {{iil|IRE}}
| RD2b-score1 = 10
| RD2b-team2 = {{iil|NED}}
| RD2b-score2 = 11

}}

==== 9th–10th Placement ====
{{#invoke:Team bracket|main|byes=0
| rounds = 1
| boldwinner = high
| RD1 = {{{RD1|9th Place Game}}}



| RD1-seed1 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|A5}}}}}}
| RD1-seed2 = {{{RD1-seed1|{{{RD1-seed1|B5}}}}}}

| RD1-team1 = {{iil|HKG}}
| RD1-score1 = 9
| RD1-team2 = {{iil|FIN}}
| RD1-score2 = 3

}}

=== Final Standings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Rank
! width="165" |Team
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}
! width="25" |{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}}
|-
|{{Gold1}}
| align="left" | {{Flag decoration|USA}} [[United States women's national indoor lacrosse team|United States]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|{{Silver2}}
| align="left" | {{iil|CAN}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|{{Bronze3}}
| align="left" |{{Flag decoration|Haudenosaunee}} [[Haudenosaunee national indoor lacrosse team|Haudenosaunee]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|4
| align="left" |{{iil|AUS}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|5
| align="left" |{{Flag decoration|ENG}}  [[England Lacrosse|England]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|6
| align="left" |{{iil|GER}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|7
| align="left" |{{iil|NED}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|8
| align="left" |{{iil|IRE}}
|8
|2
|6
|
|
|
|-
|9
| align="left" |{{iil|HKG}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|10
| align="left" |{{iil|FIN}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

=== All-World Team ===
Source:<ref name=":0" />
* '''Goaltender''': Ingrid Boyum, {{Flagicon|USA}}
* '''Defense''': Jordan Dean, {{Flagicon|CAN}}
* '''Transition''': Ally Kennedy, {{Flagicon|USA}}
* '''Forward/Transition''': Megan Kinna, {{Flagicon|CAN}}
* '''Forward''': Erin Bakes, {{Flagicon|USA}}
* '''Forward''': Erica Evans, {{Flagicon|CAN}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://worldlacrosse.sport/events/2024-world-lacrosse-box-championships/ Official website]

{{World Lacrosse Box Championships}}
{{National Indoor Lacrosse Teams}}{{World championships in 2024}}
[[Category:2024 in lacrosse|World Lacrosse Box Championships]]
[[Category:September 2024 sports events in the United States|World Lacrosse Box Championships]]
[[Category:2024 in sports in New York (state)|World Lacrosse Box Championships]]

Hamilton Stadium

2025-03-02T01:34:09Z

Hcoder3104:

{{short description|Multi-purpose stadium in Hamilton, Canada}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = Hamilton Stadium
| image = Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, Ontario 2023 - Quintin Soloviev.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Hamilton Stadium interior, 2023
| address = 64 Melrose Avenue North
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| coordinates = {{coord|43|15|7.612|N|79|49|48.359|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario#Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Southern Ontario]]##Location in [[Ontario]]##Location in [[Canada]]
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label = Hamilton Stadium
| pushpin_mapsize = 250
| former_names = Tim Hortons Field (2014–2024)
| owner = City of Hamilton
| operator = Hamilton Sports Group
| broke_ground = November 2012{{fact|date=August 2024}}
| opened = September 1, 2014
| dimensions = [[Association football|Soccer]]: {{convert|110|m|yd|abbr=on}} x {{convert|68|m|yd|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=charliejclarke |first=Charlie |last=O'Connor-Clarke |number=1781355148364726601 |title=There is now. Tim Hortons Field both the longest and joint-widest in the league, TD Place the narrowest, Starlight and Princess Auto the smallest in total area. |date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref>
| surface = FieldTurf Revolution
| construction_cost = [[Canadian dollar|$]]145.7 million
| architect = Cannon
| tenants = [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] ([[Canadian Football League|CFL]]) 2014–present [[Hamilton Hurricanes]] ([[Canadian Junior Football League|CJFL]]) 2014–present [[Forge FC]] ([[Canadian Premier League|CPL]]) 2019–present 
[[Mohawk College Soccer]] ([[OCAA]]) 2022–present [[Hamilton United]] ([[League1 Ontario|L1O]]) 2023–present (select matches) [[Sigma FC]] ([[League1 Ontario|L1O]]) 2023–present (select matches)
| seating_capacity = 23,218<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1012805090971877381|user=TicatsPR|title=A sell-out crowd will be on hand for the home opener tonight. Fans will notice there is no longer field side seatin… |date=June 29, 2018}}</ref>
| record_attendance = 28,808 ([[110th Grey Cup]])
| website =
}}

'''Hamilton Stadium''' (originally '''Tim Hortons Field'''), nicknamed "'''The Donut Box'''", is a [[multi-purpose stadium]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. Completed in 2014 with a capacity of 22,500, it was built as a replacement on the same site as the [[Ivor Wynne Stadium]], which had been there since 1930. It is primarily used for [[Canadian football]] and soccer, and is the home of the [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] and [[Forge FC]] of the [[Canadian Premier League]], amongst other teams.

The stadium has also played host to the international soccer tournament at the [[Football at the 2015 Pan American Games|2015 Pan American Games]] as well as various other sports and music concerts.

==History==
===Background===
[[Ivor Wynne Stadium]] was a large outdoor stadium in Hamilton that opened in 1930. Originally known as Civic Stadium, it was the home of the [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] Canadian football team since 1950.<ref name=pan>{{cite web|title=Pan/Parapan News|url=http://www.panam2015.gov.on.ca/en/news.asp|work=Pan/Parapan American Games|publisher=Government of Ontario|access-date=June 21, 2013|date=June 7, 2013|archive-date=June 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629120633/http://www.panam2015.gov.on.ca/en/news.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2009, the [[2015 Pan American Games]] were awarded to the [[Greater Toronto Area]] and Hamilton was selected to host soccer and track and field events. The city deliberated building a brand new stadium (possibly at the city's [[North End, Hamilton|West Harbour]]) or renovating Ivor Wynne.<ref name=spec/><ref name=cbc/>

===Stadium development===
Initial plans for the stadium were for it to be a principal Pan American stadium for soccer and track and field/athletics events.<ref name=spec>{{cite news |url=http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/668370 |title=Pan Ams will leave lasting legacy |date=November 9, 2009 |first=Daniel |last=Nolan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109222641/http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/668370 |archive-date=November 9, 2009|work=Hamilton Spectator}}</ref> However, disputes between the Tiger-Cats owner, [[Bob Young (businessman)|Bob Young]], the organizers of the 2015 Pan American Games, and the [[Hamilton, Ontario|City of Hamilton]] arose over the location of the stadium,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/football/cfl/the-troubling-account-of-ivor-wynnes-replacement-stadium-and-legacy-of-the-pan-am-games |title=The troubling account of Ivor Wynne's replacement stadium and legacy of the Pan Am Games |publisher=nationalpost.com |access-date=9 February 2025|date=24 July 2014}}</ref> In early 2011, the Hamilton city councilors voted to demolish and rebuild the south stand of the stadium while leaving the north stand unchanged. This plan had a budget of {{CAD|115 million|link=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ticats.ca/page/history_ivorwynne |title= Ivor Wynne Stadium: History |publisher= Hamilton Tiger-Cats |access-date= 2013-11-24 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130101052341/http://www.ticats.ca/page/history_ivorwynne |archive-date= January 1, 2013 |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=cbc>{{cite web |url= https://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/cfl/hamilton-votes-for-a-city-report-on-renovating-ivor-wynne-1.1011546 |title= Hamilton votes for a city report on renovating Ivor Wynne |date=2011-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/stadium-profile/| website=forgefc.canpl.ca| title=Tim Hortons Field| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

Then in 2012, the Pan-Am organizers indicated that they would be shifting their focus toward venues and "clusters" that could be used for multiple events, which might eliminate the need for a new stadium that would be used only for soccer. They proposed another stadium on the campus of York University, tentatively named [[York Athletics Stadium]], to host the track and field events. That, coupled with a scheduling process that had soccer and [[rugby sevens]] events on different days (thus opening the possibility that Toronto's [[BMO Field]], which would house the rugby sevens contests in 2015 might also be able to host the soccer contests), had the potential to put the Hamilton stadium project in jeopardy.{{Fact|date=February 2025}} Ultimately, it was decided that Ivor Wynne would be completely demolished and a new stadium would be built on the same site. The new stadium hosted all 32 men's and women's Pan Am soccer matches and was temporarily named '''Hamilton Pan Am Soccer Stadium''' during the games.<ref name=pan/>

====Financial details====
In July 2013, a ten-year sponsorship deal was put in place with [[Tim Hortons]], who acquired the stadium's [[naming rights]]. The coffee beverage fast food chain was founded only a few blocks away from the stadium that originated in Hamilton some fifty years earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/3889659-new-hamilton-stadium-to-be-called-tim-hortons-field/|title=New Hamilton stadium to be called Tim Hortons Field|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |publisher=TheSpec.com|date= July 11, 2013|access-date=July 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://company.timhortons.com/us/en/corporate/news-release.php?id=5795| website=company.timhortons.com| title=Tiger-Cats, Tim Hortons| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> The stadium's nickname is "the donut box",<ref>{{cite news|title=Grant gets the first TD at The Donut Box |url=https://www.thespec.com/sports/ticats/2014/09/01/grant-gets-the-first-td-at-the-donut-box.html|newspaper=Hamilton Spectator|date=September 2, 2014|access-date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> a reference to the links to the coffee chain and the rectangle shape of the stands layout.

The final financial details planned were that the stadium was built at a total cost of $145 million. The city of Hamilton contributed $54 million, the province of Ontario, $22 million, and the federal government of Canada, $69 million. Then, in 2014, the Tiger-Cats agreed to pay $1.2 million a year on a 20-year lease to be a tenant.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/3889891-goodbye-ivor-wynne-hello-tim-hortons-field/|title=Goodbye Ivor Wynne, hello Tim Hortons Field|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |publisher=TheSpec.com|date= July 12, 2013|access-date=July 14, 2013}}</ref>

===Construction===
[[File:Lions at Tiger-Cats 2014.jpg|thumb|left|Stadium in October 2014, prior to the completion of the upper deck]]
The design was by architects [[CannonDesign]] and engineered by the [[Arup Group]], amongst other companies involved in its construction. There are officially 22,500 seats, with the potential of further expanding the stands.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.waltersgroupinc.com/project/tim-hortons-field/| website=waltersgroupinc.com| title=Tim Hortons Field| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> Completed in 2014, the stadium can expand to a potential capacity of up to more than 40,000 seats for special events (such as hosting a [[Grey Cup]] contest) in the future.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/62573DD0-B31E-43CC-913A-D37BFCB2F37D/0/QandAHamiltonPanAmSoccerStadiumNov2012.pdf |title=Hamilton Pan Am Soccer Stadium Q&A's |publisher=hamilton.ca |access-date=May 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712235627/http://www.hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/62573DD0-B31E-43CC-913A-D37BFCB2F37D/0/QandAHamiltonPanAmSoccerStadiumNov2012.pdf }}</ref> The design of the new stadium also increased the width of the field to accommodate soccer games by meeting FIFA's international standards for [[association football pitch|soccer pitch]]es; reoriented the playing field from east–west to a north–south orientation; increased the seat width and leg room/corridor space to make it one of the most spacious among Canadian sports venues; incorporated extensive wireless communications infrastructure and washroom facilities; as well as adding [[luxury box]]es, and other modern amenities. The field surface is FIFA- and CFL-approved [[artificial turf]].<ref name="auto"/> The stadium opened in 2014, two months after its original anticipated completion date of June 30.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/tim-hortons-field-finally-finished-but-hamilton-officials-low-key/|title=Tim Hortons Field finally finished, but Hamilton officials low-key|website=Chch.com|date=May 14, 2015 |access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref>

Immediately following the stadium opening in 2014, there had been numerous issues regarding the quality of the construction. The City of Hamilton subsequently spent upwards of $2.5 million in fixes and safety repairs<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3440863/hamiltons-tim-hortons-field-needs-more-repairs/|title=Tim Hortons Field needs more repairs: Hamilton councillor|work=900 CHML|access-date=May 11, 2017|language=en}}</ref> including replacing rain-damaged television screens and faulty baby-changing tables, installing draft beer lines, improving ventilation, sealing leaky expansion joints and repairing faulty floor drains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://3downnation.com/2017/05/10/city-hamilton-hook-another-500k-stadium-repairs/|title=City of Hamilton on the hook for another $500k in stadium repairs|author=|date=May 10, 2017|website=3DownNation|access-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref>

===Opening===
On Septmebr 1, 2014, the Tiger-Cats played their first game at the new stadium – a 13–12 win against the [[Toronto Argonauts]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hamilton Tiger-Cats win 1st ever game at Tim Hortons Field |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/hamilton-tiger-cats-win-1st-ever-game-at-tim-hortons-field-1.2752362 |website=CBC |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> About 6,000 seats were not available for the game because construction was still ongoing.

The CFL's Toronto Argonauts played two home games at Tim Hortons Field in 2015, due to clashes with the MLB's [[Toronto Blue Jays]] playoffs games. The stadium has also occasionally hosted special games for Hamilton's amateur football teams; the [[Hamilton Hurricanes]] of the [[Canadian Junior Football League]] played a game in the stadium in 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ticats.ca/the-path-less-travelled-from-cjfl-to-cfl/|title=The path less travelled: From CJFL to CFL|publisher=Hamilton Tiger-Cats|website=ticats.ca|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=July 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707105712/https://ticats.ca/the-path-less-travelled-from-cjfl-to-cfl/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[McMaster Marauders football]] team played its 2016 [[Labour Day Classic|Labour Day contest]] at the field in a doubleheader with the Tiger-Cats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://3downnation.com/2016/05/03/ticats-partner-with-mac-to-supersize-labour-day/|title=Ticats partner with Mac to supersize Labour Day|author=|date=May 3, 2016|website=3downnation.com|access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> The Hurricanes returned to the field twice in 2017, the latter being its own Labour Day contest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ticats.ca/tiger-cats-to-host-two-hamilton-hurricanes-games-at-tim-hortons-field/|title=Tiger-Cats to Host Two Hamilton Hurricanes Games at Tim Hortons Field|website=ticats.ca|publisher=Hamilton Tiger-Cats|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=July 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707113732/https://ticats.ca/tiger-cats-to-host-two-hamilton-hurricanes-games-at-tim-hortons-field/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2015, [[U Sports football|U Sports]] awarded Tim Hortons Field hosting rights to the [[52nd Vanier Cup|52nd]] and [[53rd Vanier Cup]], held in November 2016 and November 2017 respectively.<ref>[https://presto-en.usports.ca/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/vc16 CIS football: Hamilton to host Vanier Cup in 2016 and 2017] from [[U Sports|Canadian Interuniversity Sport]], January 18, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2016.</ref>

In 2019, Tim Hortons Field hosted the [[Canadian Premier League inaugural match]] in April for [[Forge FC]], the stadium's new tenant,<ref>{{cite news|first=Steve |last=Milton |url=https://www.thespec.com/sports-story/9149888-hamilton-s-forge-fc-will-host-league-inaugural-game-at-tim-hortons-field/ |title=Hamilton's Forge FC will host league inaugural game at Tim Hortons Field |newspaper=Hamilton Spectator |date=January 29, 2019 |access-date=February 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zamperin |first1=Rick |title=New Canadian Premier League kicks off in Hamilton |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5211448/new-canadian-premier-league-hamilton/ |website=Global News |access-date=January 16, 2021 |date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> and the first ever [[Canadian Premier League Finals|CPL Finals]] match in October.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Molinaro |first1=John |title=Highlights: Borges, Carducci shine in red-card laden Leg 1 tilt (EN/FR) |url=https://canpl.ca/article/recap-borges-carducci-shine-in-red-card-laden-leg-1-tilt |website=Canadian Premier League |access-date=January 16, 2021 |date=October 26, 2019}}</ref>

=== Renaming ===
On December 18, 2024, it was announced that the stadium would go through a name-changing process.<ref name=CHCH>{{cite web|title=Tim Hortons Field to have a new name in 2025 |url=https://www.chch.com/chch-news/tim-hortons-field-to-have-a-new-name-in-2025/ |first=Michael |last=To |work=[[CHCH-DT|CHCH]] |access-date=December 18, 2023 |date=December 18, 2024}}</ref> The venue was temporarily renamed to Hamilton Stadium until a new naming rights deal is awarded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Preview: Forge FC vs. CF Monterrey (Leg 1) -- 2025 Concacaf Champions Cup |url=https://canpl.ca/article/match-preview-forge-fc-vs-cf-monterrey-leg-1-2025-concacaf-champions-cup |website=Canadian Premier League |access-date=February 5, 2025 |date=February 4, 2025 |quote=opting not to train on the pitch at Hamilton Stadium.}}</ref>

==Ownership==
The stadium and the land is owned by the City of Hamilton. The master licence agreement for Tim Hortons Field is held by [[Hamilton Sports Group]] (HSG), a partnership that owns and operates the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the CFL and Forge FC of the CPL. This group is led by businessman Bob Young, who serves as the chairman and is HSG's largest single shareholder, and also includes steel company [[Stelco]], CEO Scott Mitchell, and [[Jim Lawson (sports executive)|Jim Lawson]]. The Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Forge FC are tenants of Tim Hortons Field and play their home games at the stadium.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/cfl/article/tiger-cats-forge-fc-announce-new-hamilton-sports-group-ownership-structure/ |title=Tiger-Cats, Forge FC announce new Hamilton Sports Group ownership structure |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |website=[[Sportsnet]] |date=January 2, 2022 |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126103528/https://www.sportsnet.ca/cfl/article/tiger-cats-forge-fc-announce-new-hamilton-sports-group-ownership-structure/ |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tiger-Cats to announce new ownership structure |url=https://www.tsn.ca/tiger-cats-to-announce-new-ownership-structure-1.1741036 |last=Naylor |first= Dave |publisher=The Sports Network |access-date=January 2, 2022 |date=January 2, 2022}}</ref>

==Stadium uses==
[[File:Tim Horton field, Hamilton.jpg|thumb|A stand in Tim Hortons field for Forge FC]]

The professional sporting teams who are leased occupants of the football/soccer stadium are the Canadian football team, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and the soccer team, Forge FC. Tim Hortons field has also played host to the other sporting events including [[ice hockey]], [[rugby union]] and dirt biking ([[Nitro Circus]]), as well as [[music concert]]s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.hamilton.ca/things-do/venues-facilities-bookings/tim-hortons-field/tim-hortons-field-events| website=hamilton.ca| title=Tim Hortons Field events| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.therecord.com/sports-story/6964861-new-canadian-pro-soccer-league-makes-major-hire|title=New Canadian pro soccer league makes major hire|last=Milton|first=Steve|date=November 15, 2016|website=The Record|access-date=May 21, 2018|archive-date=November 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133712/http://m.therecord.com/sports-story/6964861-new-canadian-pro-soccer-league-makes-major-hire|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hamiltonrugby.com/news_article/show/779925-canada-vs-usa-in-hamilton|website =hamiltonrugby.com|title=Rugby World Cup Qualifier at Tim Hortons Stadium| date=10 March 2019| access-date =8 August 2024}}</ref>

The stadium also has [[Luxury box|premium seating]] in the stands, with club and suite level spaces available during an event or for private rentals. The lounges are for both corporate and social events.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hamilton.ca/things-do/venues-facilities-bookings/tim-hortons-field/stadium-rentals#canadian-football-hall-of-fame-club-level| website=hamilton.ca| title=Stadium Rentals| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ticats.ca/premium-seating/| website=ticats.ca| title=Premium Seating| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

== Notable sporting events hosted ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;text-align: center;"
|-
! Date
! Home team
! Score
! Away team
! Event
! Attendance
|-
|July 11–26, 2015
| colspan="3" |32 matches
|[[Football at the 2015 Pan American Games|Pan-Am Games soccer]]
|N/A
|-
|November 26, 2016
|[[Calgary Dinos football|Calgary Dinos]]
|26–31
|[[Laval Rouge et Or football|Laval Rouge et Or]]
|[[52nd Vanier Cup]]
|7,115
|-
| June 24, 2017 ||{{ru|CAN}}|| 28–28 ||{{ru-rt|USA}}||[[2019 Rugby World Cup – Americas qualification|Rugby World Cup qualification match]]|| 13,138
|-
|November 25, 2017
|[[Western Mustangs football|Western Mustangs]]
|39–17
|[[Laval Rouge et Or football|Laval Rouge et Or]]
|[[53rd Vanier Cup]]
|10,754
|-
|April 27, 2019
|[[Forge FC]]
|1–1
|[[York9 FC]]
|[[Canadian Premier League inaugural match]]
|17,611
|-
|October 26, 2019
|[[Forge FC]]
|1–0
|[[Cavalry FC]]
|[[2019 Canadian Premier League finals]] leg 1
| 10,486
|-
|December 5, 2021
|[[Forge FC]]
|0–1
|[[Pacific FC]]
|[[2021 Canadian Premier League final]]
| 7,488
|-
|December 12, 2021
|[[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]]
|25–33
|[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
|[[108th Grey Cup]]
|26,324
|-
|January 30, 2022
|{{fb|CAN}}
|2–0
|{{fb-rt|USA}}
|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF third round|FIFA World Cup qualification match]]
|~12,000 (50% capacity due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario|COVID-19 restrictions]])
|-
|March 13, 2022
|[[Buffalo Sabres]]
|5–2
|[[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
|[[2022 Heritage Classic]]
|26,119
|-
|March 14, 2022
|[[Hamilton Bulldogs]]
|3–0
|[[Oshawa Generals]]
|[[2021–22 OHL season#Hamilton Outdoor Showcase|2022 Outdoor Showcase]]
|12,587
|-
|June 4, 2022
|[[Forge FC]]
|1–1 {{pso|4–5}}
|[[Toronto FC]]
|[[2020 Canadian Championship#Final|2020 Canadian Championship final]]
|13,715
|-
|October 28, 2023
|[[Forge FC]]
|2–1 {{aet}}
|[[Cavalry FC]]
|[[2023 Canadian Premier League final]]
|13,925<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wharnsby |first1=Tim |title=Borges scores 'Olimpico' goal as Forge FC completes comeback to win 4th CPL title |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/cpl/canadian-premier-league-final-recap-forge-fc-cavalry-fc-oct-28-1.7011859 |website=CBC |access-date=29 October 2023 |date=28 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|November 19, 2023
|[[Montreal Alouettes]]
|28–24
|[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
|[[110th Grey Cup]]
|28,808
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Canadian Football League stadiums]]
*[[List of Canadian Premier League stadiums]]
*[[Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.hamilton.ca/things-do/venues-facilities-bookings/tim-hortons-field Tim Hortons Field] at the [[Hamilton, Ontario|City of Hamilton]]

{{Hamilton Tiger-Cats}}
{{Forge FC}}
{{CFL Stadiums}}
{{Grey Cup}}
{{Canadian Premier League stadiums}}
{{2015 Pan American Games venues}}
{{Pan American Games venues football}}
{{CPL Finals stadiums}}
{{Tim Hortons|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Soccer venues in Ontario]]
[[Category:Canadian Football League venues]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Venues of the 2015 Pan American Games]]
[[Category:Rugby union stadiums in Ontario]]
[[Category:Lacrosse venues]]
[[Category:Hamilton Tiger-Cats]]
[[Category:Tim Hortons]]
[[Category:Canadian Premier League stadiums]]
[[Category:Forge FC]]
[[Category:Premier Lacrosse League venues]]
[[Category:Canadian football venues in Ontario]]
[[Category:Public–private partnership projects in Canada]]
[[Category:2010s in Hamilton, Ontario]]

Toronto

2025-02-12T19:21:06Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Most populous city in Canada}}
{{About|the capital of Ontario, Canada}}
{{Redirect|City of Toronto|the city's government|Municipal government of Toronto}}
{{Pp-move}}
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=July 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Toronto
| official_name = City of Toronto
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Ontario|City]] ([[List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities|single-tier]])
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| caption_align = center
| image1 = CC 2022-06-18 193-Pano (cropped) 01.jpg
| caption1 = Skyline of [[Downtown Toronto]] and [[CN Tower]]
| image2 = Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, South view 20170417 1.jpg
| caption2 = [[Ontario Legislative Building]]
| image3 = Nathan Phillips Square (33343114810).jpg
| caption3 = [[Toronto Sign]] & [[Toronto City Hall|City Hall]]
| image4 = Toronto - ON - Humber Bay und Humber Bay Arch Bridge.jpg
| caption4 = [[Humber Bay Arch Bridge]]
| image5 = Casa Loma (23170005321).jpg
| caption5 = [[Casa Loma]]
| image6 = Royal Ontario Museum in Fall 2021.jpg
| caption6 = [[Royal Ontario Museum]]
| image7 = Scarborough bluffs -b.jpg
| caption7 = [[Scarborough Bluffs]]
}}
| image_size = 250px
| image_flag = Toronto Flag.svg
| flag_size = 125px
| flag_link = Flag of Toronto
| image_seal = Coat of arms of Toronto.svg
| seal_type = Coat of arms
| seal_size = 95px
| seal_link = Coat of arms of Toronto
| image_blank_emblem = Toronto, City of.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
| blank_emblem_size = 140px
| etymology = From the [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]] word {{lang|iro|tkaronto}}, the name of a channel between Lakes [[Lake Simcoe|Simcoe]] and [[Lake Couchiching|Couchiching]]
| nicknames = [[Name of Toronto#Nicknames|See list]]
| motto = Diversity Our Strength<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/awards-tributes/tributes/history-of-city-symbols/ |website=www.toronto.ca |title=History of City Symbols |publisher=City of Toronto |year=2020 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812134238/https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/awards-tributes/tributes/history-of-city-symbols/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Social Construction of Diversity: Recasting the Master Narrative of Industrial Nations |last1=Harzig |first1=Christiane |last2=Juteau |first2=Danielle |author2-link=Danielle Juteau |last3=Schmitt |first3=Irina |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-57181-376-3 |page=310 |quote=In reflecting and capturing this sense of the city, one of the first actions of the newly amalgamated Toronto City Council in 1998 was to adopt "Diversity Our Strength" as its official motto.}}</ref>{{efn|The motto is typically rendered without punctuation, while the city's coat of arms uses [[Bullet (typography)|typographical bullets]] to space the words used in the motto. However, some sources from the municipal government of Toronto use punctuation to describe the motto as "Diversity, Our Strength."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/equity-diversity-inclusion/ |title=Equity, Diversity & Inclusion |author=City of Toronto Government |date=August 18, 2017 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-date=October 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009135713/https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accessibility-human-rights/equity-diversity-inclusion/ |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| image_map = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=250|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|zoom=8|type=point|title=Toronto|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}{{hidden end}}
| coordinates = {{coord|43|44|30|N|79|22|24|W|region:CA-ON_type:city|notes=<ref name=cgndbtor>{{Cite cgndb|FEUZB|Toronto}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_mapsize = 250px
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Toronto in Ontario
| pushpin_label = Toronto
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_relief = yes
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Canada]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Canada|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Southern Ontario]]
| parts_type = [[Amalgamation of Toronto|Communities]]
| parts = {{hlist|[[East York]]|[[Etobicoke]]|[[North York]]|[[Old Toronto]]|[[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]]|[[York, Toronto|York]]}}
| established_title1 = Established
| established_date1 = {{start date and age|1793|08|27|mf=y}} (as [[York, Upper Canada|York]])
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date2 = {{start date and age|1834|03|06|mf=y}} (as [[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]])
| established_title3 = [[List of census divisions of Ontario|Amalgamated into division]]
| established_date3 = {{start date and age|1953|01|20|mf=y}} (as [[Metropolitan Toronto]])
| established_title4 = [[Merger (politics)|Amalgamated]]
| established_date4 = {{start date and age|1998|01|01|mf=y}} (as current City of Toronto)
| government_type = [[List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities|Single-tier municipality]] with a [[Mayor–council government|mayor–council system]]
| governing_body = [[Toronto City Council]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor of Toronto|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Olivia Chow]]
| leader_title1 = [[Deputy Mayor of Toronto|Statutory Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ausma Malik]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| total_type = City
| area_footnotes =  <ref name=2016censusCSD>{{SCref|unit=csd|name=2016csd|year=2016|accessdate=2017-02-12|3520005}}</ref><ref name=2011censusPC>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=801&PR=0&RPP=9999&SR=1&S=3&O=D |title=Population and dwelling counts, for population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses |work=[[2011 Canadian census|2011 Census of Population]] |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=January 13, 2014 |access-date=December 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026043520/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=801&PR=0&RPP=9999&SR=1&S=3&O=D |archive-date=October 26, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=2011censusCMA>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=50 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas, 2011 and 2006 censuses |work=[[2011 Canadian census|2011 Census of Population]] |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=January 13, 2014 |access-date=December 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622041944/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=50 |archive-date=June 22, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 630.20
| area_urban_km2 = 1792.99
| area_metro_km2 = 5905.71
| elevation_m = 76.5
| population_as_of = [[2021 Canadian census|2021]]
| population_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Toronto&DGUIDlist=2021A00053520005&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210174708/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Toronto&DGUIDlist=2021A00053520005&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_rank = [[List of North American cities by population|4th]] in North America [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|1st]] in Canada
| population_density_km2 = 4,427.8
| population_total = 2,794,356 ([[List of the largest population centres in Canada|1st]])
| population_blank1_title = Metro
| population_blank1 = 6,202,225 ([[List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada|1st]])
| population_blank2_title = [[Golden Horseshoe|Region]]
| population_blank2 = 9,765,188
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_est =
| population_demonym = Torontonian
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = Postal code span
| postal_code = [[List of postal codes of Canada: M|M]]
| area_codes = [[Area codes 416, 647, and 437|416, 647, 437]]
| unemployment_rate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] (Toronto {{Abbr|CMA|Census metropolitan area}})
| blank_info_sec1 = {{CAD|link=yes}}473.7 billion (2021)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801 | title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) | date=January 25, 2025 | access-date=January 25, 2025 | archive-date=January 22, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184338/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = GDP per capita (Toronto {{Abbr|CMA|Census metropolitan area}})
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{CAD}}73,176 (2021)
| timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time|EST]]
| utc_offset = −05:00
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −04:00
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''Toronto''' is the [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|most populous city in Canada]] and the [[capital city]] of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Ontario]]. With a population of 2,794,356 in 2021,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |access-date=February 10, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134619/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |url-status=live}}</ref> it is the [[List of North American cities by population|fourth-most populous city in North America]]. The city is the anchor of the [[Golden Horseshoe]], an urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people (as of 2021) surrounding the western end of [[Lake Ontario]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006: Subprovincial population dynamics, Greater Golden Horseshoe |url=http://geodepot.statcan.gc.ca/Diss/Maps/ThematicMaps/regional_horseshoe_e.cfm |url-status= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130091530/http://geodepot.statcan.gc.ca/Diss/Maps/ThematicMaps/regional_horseshoe_e.cfm |archive-date=January 30, 2018 |website=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population}}</ref> while the [[Greater Toronto Area]] proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341.<ref name=":2" /> As of 2024, the CMA had an estimated population of 7,106,379.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Canada's population estimates: Subprovincial areas, 2024|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250116/dq250116b-eng.htm |access-date=January 21, 2025 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports, and culture and is one of the most [[multiculturalism|multicultural]] and [[cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan]] cities in the world.<ref name="Vipond2017">{{cite book |author=Robert Vipond |title=Making a Global City: How One Toronto School Embraced Diversity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_p7CDgAAQBAJ&pg=PP147 |date=April 24, 2017 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4426-2443-6 |page=147}}</ref><ref name="Varady2012">{{cite book |author=David P. Varady |title=Desegregating the City: Ghettos, Enclaves, and Inequality |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uifwpL0qZ_EC&pg=PA3 |date=February 2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-8328-2 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="HuskenNeubert2011">{{cite book |author1=Ute Husken |author2=Frank Neubert |title=Negotiating Rites |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhtwAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 |date=November 7, 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-981230-1 |page=163}}</ref>

[[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous peoples]] have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping [[plateau]] interspersed with [[Toronto ravine system|rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest]], for more than 10,000 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dd058d577e312410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=First Peoples, 9000 BCE to 1600 CE – The History of Toronto: An 11,000-Year Journey – Virtual Exhibits {{pipe}} City of Toronto |website=toronto.ca |access-date=April 30, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416111209/https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dd058d577e312410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=April 16, 2015}}</ref> After the broadly disputed [[Toronto Purchase]], when the [[Mississaugas|Mississauga]] surrendered the area to the [[The Crown|British Crown]],{{sfn|Johnson |Wilson |1989 |p=34}} the British established the town of [[York, Upper Canada|York]] in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of [[Upper Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dalzielbarn.com/pages/TheBarn/York&UpperCanada.html |title=The early history of York & Upper Canada |website=Dalzielbarn.com |access-date=July 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714190400/http://www.dalzielbarn.com/pages/TheBarn/York%26UpperCanada.html |archive-date=July 14, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During the [[War of 1812]], the town was the site of the [[Battle of York]] and suffered heavy damage by [[United States Armed Forces|American troops]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2013/04/21/the_battle_of_york_200_years_ago_shaped_toronto_and_canada_editorial.html |title=The Battle of York, 200 years ago, shaped Toronto and Canada: Editorial |date=April 21, 2013 |work=thestar.com |access-date=July 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711021619/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2013/04/21/the_battle_of_york_200_years_ago_shaped_toronto_and_canada_editorial.html |archive-date=July 11, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> York was [[Name of Toronto|renamed]] and incorporated in 1834 as the [[Old Toronto|city of Toronto]]. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mangione |first=Kendra |date=March 6, 2014 |title=Timeline: 180 years of Toronto history |url=http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/timeline-180-years-of-toronto-history-1.1717785 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508105433/http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/timeline-180-years-of-toronto-history-1.1717785 |archive-date=May 8, 2015 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |work=Toronto}}</ref> The [[city proper]] has since expanded past its original limits through both [[merger (politics)|annexation]] and [[Amalgamation of Toronto|amalgamation]] to its current area of {{convert|630.2|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.

The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for [[Immigration to Canada|immigrants to Canada]].<ref name="toronto_diversity">{{cite web |url=http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/policy/fed-prov/can-ont-toronto-mou.html |title=Canada-Ontario-Toronto Memorandum of Understanding on Immigration and Settlement (electronic version) |author=Citizenship and Immigration Canada |date=September 2006 |access-date=March 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311043934/http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/policy/fed-prov/can-ont-toronto-mou.html |archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref name=diverse_city>{{cite book |last=Flew |first=Janine |author2=Humphries, Lynn |author3=Press, Limelight |author4=McPhee, Margaret |title=The Children's Visual World Atlas |publisher=Fog City Press |year=2004 |location=Sydney, Australia |page=76 |isbn=978-1-74089-317-6}}</ref> About half of its residents were born outside of Canada and over 200 [[ethnic group|ethnic origins]] are represented among its inhabitants.<ref name=Diversity_Toronto_Facts>{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dbe867b42d853410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=57a12cc817453410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Diversity – Toronto Facts – Your City |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=April 2, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406180836/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=dbe867b42d853410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=57a12cc817453410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=April 6, 2015 }}</ref> While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city.<ref name="2011 census: Language">{{cite web |url=https://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/social_development_finance__administration/files/pdf/language_2011_backgrounder.pdf |title=Social Development, Finance & Administration |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=June 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618015141/http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/social_development_finance__administration/files/pdf/language_2011_backgrounder.pdf |archive-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref> The [[mayor of Toronto]] is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government|chief executive]] of the city. The [[Toronto City Council]] is a [[unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative body, comprising 25 councillors since the [[2018 Toronto municipal election|2018 municipal election]], representing geographical [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] throughout the city.<ref name="Council Members">{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=c3a83293dc3ef310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Council Members |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=July 17, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715180346/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=c3a83293dc3ef310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=July 15, 2016 }}</ref>

Toronto is a prominent centre for music,<ref name="Toronto Music">{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=28682dbb5cce2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=401132d0b6d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Music – Key Industry Sectors |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=July 30, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728061830/https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=28682dbb5cce2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=401132d0b6d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> theatre,<ref name="Toronto Theatre">{{cite web |url=http://www.investtoronto.ca/Quality-of-Life/Amenities/Cultural-Attractions.aspx |title=Quality of Life – Arts and Culture |access-date=July 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035725/http://www.investtoronto.ca/Quality-of-Life/Amenities/Cultural-Attractions.aspx |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> motion picture production,<ref name="Toronto motion picture production">{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=5e46c1b5c62ca310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=401132d0b6d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Film & Television – Key Industry Sectors |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=July 30, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728061809/https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=5e46c1b5c62ca310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=401132d0b6d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=July 28, 2015}}</ref> and television production,<ref name="Toronto television production">{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f635ca7908040410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Made here. Seen everywhere. – Film in Toronto |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=July 30, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728004358/https://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f635ca7908040410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=July 28, 2015 }}</ref> and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national [[Media in Toronto|broadcast networks and media outlets]].<ref name="Toronto Entertainment and Creative Cluster">{{cite web |url=http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/publications/Creative_Cluster_Report.pdf |title=Ontario's Entertainment and Creative Cluster |access-date=July 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051959/http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/publications/Creative_Cluster_Report.pdf |archive-date=March 28, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Its varied [[Culture in Toronto|cultural institutions]],<ref name="Toronto Culture and Creativity">{{cite web |url=http://torontopressroom.ets.net/culture-and-creativity.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103239/http://torontopressroom.ets.net/culture-and-creativity.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |website=Toronto Press Room |title=Culture, The Creative City |access-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> which include numerous [[List of museums in Toronto|museums and galleries]], [[Annual events in Toronto|festivals and public events]], entertainment districts, [[List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Toronto|national historic sites]], and [[Sports in Toronto|sports activities]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eraarch.ca/pdf/CulturalInstitutions.pdf |title=Cultural Institutions in the Public Realm |website=Eraarch.ca |access-date=June 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023758/http://www.eraarch.ca/pdf/CulturalInstitutions.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> attract over [[Tourism in Toronto|43 million tourists]] each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/business-economy/industry-sector-support/tourism/ |title=Tourism – City of Toronto |publisher=City of Toronto |website=toronto.ca |date=August 7, 2017 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713182833/https://www.toronto.ca/business-economy/industry-sector-support/tourism/ |archive-date=July 13, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rider |first=David |date=January 24, 2018 |title=No end in sight for tourists' love affair with Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2018/01/24/no-end-in-sight-for-tourists-love-affair-with-toronto.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904232645/https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2018/01/24/no-end-in-sight-for-tourists-love-affair-with-toronto.html |archive-date=September 4, 2019 |access-date=September 4, 2019 |work=thestar.com}}</ref> Toronto is known for its [[List of tallest buildings in Toronto|many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Melanson |first=Trevor |date=September 24, 2012 |title=What Toronto's skyline will look like in 2020 |url=http://www.canadianbusiness.com/blogs-and-comment/what-torontos-skyline-will-look-like-in-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508020310/http://www.canadianbusiness.com/blogs-and-comment/what-torontos-skyline-will-look-like-in-2020/ |archive-date=May 8, 2015 |access-date=May 10, 2015 |work=Canadian Business}}</ref> in particular the [[CN Tower]], the [[List of tallest freestanding structures|tallest freestanding structure]] on land outside of Asia.<ref>{{cite web |author=Plummer |first=Kevin |date=September 4, 2007 |title=The CN Tower is Dead. Long Live The CN Tower! |url=http://torontoist.com/2007/09/the_cn_tower_is/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403013930/http://torontoist.com/2007/09/the_cn_tower_is/ |archive-date=April 3, 2015 |access-date=May 10, 2015 |work=torontoist.com}}</ref>

The city is home to the [[Toronto Stock Exchange]], the headquarters of Canada's [[Big Five banks of Canada|five largest banks]],{{sfn|Duffy|2004|page=154}} and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations.{{sfn|Dinnie |2011 |page=21}} [[economy of Toronto|Its economy]] is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, aerospace, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/business-economy/industry-sector-support/ |title=Industry Sector Support – City of Toronto |website=toronto.ca |date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212232403/https://www.toronto.ca/business-economy/industry-sector-support/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/business_publications/tocompetes.htm |title=Toronto Competes |author=ICF Consulting |website=toronto.ca |date=February 2000 |access-date=March 1, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127122238/http://www.toronto.ca/business_publications/tocompetes.htm |archive-date=January 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investtoronto.ca/Business-Toronto/Key-Business-Sectors.aspx |title=Business Toronto – Key Business Sectors |website=Investtoronto.ca |access-date=April 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510071935/http://www.investtoronto.ca/Business-Toronto/Key-Business-Sectors.aspx |archive-date=May 10, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Toronto is the third-largest [[List of technology centers|tech hub]] in North America after [[Silicon Valley]] and [[New York City]], and the fastest-growing hub.<ref name=NYTTechHub2022>{{Cite news |last=Metz |first=Cade |date=March 21, 2022 |title=Toronto, the Quietly Booming Tech Town |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/21/technology/toronto-tech-boom.html |url-access=limited |access-date=April 17, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914171829/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/21/technology/toronto-tech-boom.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Toponymy ==
{{Main|Name of Toronto}}
The word ''Toronto'' has been recorded with various spellings in French and English, including ''Tarento'', ''Tarontha'', ''Taronto'', ''Toranto'', ''Torento'', ''Toronto'', and ''Toronton''.{{sfn|Guillet|1969|p=49}} The most frequent early spelling, ''Taronto'', referred to 'The Narrows', a channel of water through which [[Lake Simcoe]] discharges into [[Lake Couchiching]] where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. This narrows was called {{lang|moh|tkaronto}} by the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]], meaning 'where there are trees standing in the water',{{sfn|Natural Resources Canada}}<ref name="etymology">{{cite web |title=The real story of how Toronto got its name |url=http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016222541/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |archive-date=October 16, 2006 |access-date=December 8, 2006 |website=geonnames.nrcan.gc.ca |publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]] (2005)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Jeff |date=October 17, 2003 |title=A defining moment for tkaronto |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/a-defining-moment-for-tkaronto/article18432992/ |url-access=registration |access-date=January 19, 2021 |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303051042/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/a-defining-moment-for-tkaronto/article18432992/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and was recorded as early as 1615 by [[Samuel de Champlain]].{{sfn|Natural Resources Canada: Canada, Provinces & Territories: The naming of their capital cities}} The word ''Toronto'', meaning 'plenty', also appears in a 1632 French lexicon of the [[Wyandot language|Huron language]], which is also an Iroquoian language.{{sfn|Hounsom|1970|p=26}} It also appears on French maps referring to various locations, including Georgian Bay, Lake Simcoe, and several rivers.{{sfn|Hounsom|1970|p=27}} A [[portage]] route from Lake Ontario to [[Lake Huron]] running through this point, known as the [[Toronto Carrying-Place Trail]], led to widespread use of the name.

The pronunciation of the city is broadly {{IPAc-en|audio=EN-Toronto.ogg|t|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|t|oʊ|}} {{respell|tə|RONT|oh}}, which locals pronounce {{IPA|en-CA|təˈɹɒnoʊ|}} or {{IPA|en-CA|ˈtɹɒnoʊ|}}, leaving the second 't' silent.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bergin |first=Caitlin |url=https://cla-acl.ca/pdfs/resumes-2022-abstracts/Bergin.pdf |title=Chranna? Turono? Toe-ron-toe? Sociophonetic perception in the pronunciation of "Toronto" |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701021907/https://cla-acl.ca/pdfs/resumes-2022-abstracts/Bergin.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2022 |publisher=Carleton University}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |year=1995 |title=Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=341}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gallinger |first1=Zack |last2=Motskin |first2=Arik |url=https://lah.elearningontario.ca/CMS/public/exported_courses/HSP3C/exported/HSP3CU04/HSP3CU04/HSP3CU04A01/_teacher/ThisisHowCanadaTalks-The10and3.pdf |title=This is How Canada Talks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817151549/https://lah.elearningontario.ca/CMS/public/exported_courses/HSP3C/exported/HSP3CU04/HSP3CU04/HSP3CU04A01/_teacher/ThisisHowCanadaTalks-The10and3.pdf |archive-date=August 17, 2023 |journal=The 10 and 3 |date=June 1, 2018}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Toronto}}
{{For timeline|Timeline of Toronto history}}

===Early history===
{{Main|History of Toronto}}
{{See also|Amalgamation of Toronto}}
The site of Toronto lay at the entrance to one of the oldest routes to the northwest, a route known and used by the Huron, Iroquois, and [[Ojibwe]]. Archaeological sites show evidence of human occupation dating back thousands of years. The site was of strategic importance from the beginning of Ontario's recorded history.{{sfn|Firth|1962|p=3}}

In the 1660s, the [[Iroquois settlement of the north shore of Lake Ontario|Iroquois established two villages]] within what is today Toronto, [[Bead Hill|Ganatsekwyagon]] (Bead Hill) on the banks of the [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River]] and [[Teiaiagon]] on the banks of the [[Humber River (Ontario)|Humber River]]. By 1701, the [[Mississaugas]] had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the [[Beaver Wars]], with most returning to their homeland in present-day New York state.{{sfn|Schmalz|1991|p=}}

French traders founded [[Fort Rouillé]] in 1750 (the current [[Exhibition Place|Exhibition grounds]] were later developed there), but abandoned it in 1759 during the [[Seven Years' War]].<ref name=rouille>{{cite web |url=http://schools.tdsb.on.ca/jarvisci/toronto/rouille.htm |title=Fort Rouillé |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913004442/http://schools.tdsb.on.ca/jarvisci/toronto/rouille.htm |archive-date=September 13, 2012 |publisher=Jarvis Collegiate Institute |year=2006 |access-date=December 8, 2006}}</ref> The British defeated the French and their indigenous allies in the war, and the area became part of the British colony of [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)|Quebec]] in 1763.

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], an influx of British settlers arrived there as [[United Empire Loyalist]]s fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario. The Crown granted them land to compensate for their losses in the Thirteen Colonies. The new province of Upper Canada was being created and needed a capital. In 1787, the British [[Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester|Lord Dorchester]] arranged for the Toronto Purchase with the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation, thereby securing more than a quarter of a million acres (1000 km2) of land in the Toronto area.<ref name=British>[http://www.toronto.ca/culture/history/history-natives-newcomers.htm Natives and newcomers, 1600–1793] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306111515/http://www.toronto.ca/culture/history/history-natives-newcomers.htm |date=March 6, 2007 }}, City of Toronto (2006). Retrieved December 8, 2006.</ref> Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto.{{sfn|Hounsom|1970|p=27}} The first 25 years after the Toronto purchase were quiet, although "there were occasional independent fur traders" present in the area, with the usual complaints of debauchery and drunkenness.{{sfn|Firth|1962 |p=3}}

In 1793, Governor [[John Graves Simcoe]] established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, naming it after [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany]]. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from [[Niagara-on-the-Lake|Newark]] (Niagara-on-the-Lake) to York,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ontario.ca/en/your_government/004690 |title=History of Ontario's Legislative Buildings |website=ontario.ca |publisher=Government of Ontario |access-date=July 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022083250/http://www.ontario.ca/en/your_government/004690 |archive-date=October 22, 2009}}</ref> believing the new site would be less vulnerable to attack by the United States.<ref name="[[Fort York]]">{{cite web |url=http://www.fortyork.ca |title=Welcome to the birthplace of Toronto |website=fortyork.ca |publisher=Friends of Fort York (2006) |access-date=December 8, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221234140/http://www.fortyork.ca/ |archive-date=February 21, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Fort York|York garrison]] was built at the entrance of the town's natural harbour, sheltered by a long sand-bar peninsula. The town's settlement formed at the harbour's eastern end behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of [[Parliament Street (Toronto)|Parliament Street]] and [[Front Street (Toronto)|Front Street]] (in the "[[Old Town, Toronto|Old Town]]" area).

===19th century===
[[File:Battle of York airborne.jpg|thumb|An American squadron exchanging fire with [[Fort York]] during the [[Battle of York]], 1813. The American landing is depicted to the west (left foreground).]]
In 1813, as part of the [[War of 1812]], the [[Battle of York]] ended in the town's capture and plunder by United States forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.udata.com/users/hsbaker/york.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820093114/http://www.udata.com/users/hsbaker/york.htm |archive-date=August 20, 2007 |title=Battle of York |access-date=July 10, 2007}}</ref> [[John Strachan]] negotiated the town's surrender. American soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation. Because of the sacking of York, British troops retaliated later in the war with the [[Burning of Washington|burning of Washington, D.C.]]

York was incorporated as the City of Toronto on March 6, 1834, adopting the Indigenous name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An act to extend the limits of the Town of York, to erect the said Town into a City, and to incorporate it under the name of the City of Toronto. (Passed 6th March, 1834) |url=https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/344019 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=digitalarchive.tpl.ca |language=en}}</ref> Reformist politician [[William Lyon Mackenzie]] became the first [[mayor of Toronto]]. Mackenzie would later lead the unsuccessful [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] of 1837 against the British colonial government.

Toronto's population of 9,000 included some [[African Americans|African-American]] slaves,{{citation needed |date=September 2023}} some of whom had been brought by the Loyalists, and [[Black Loyalist]]s, whom the Crown had freed (most of the latter were resettled in Nova Scotia). By 1834, refugee slaves from America's South were also immigrating to Toronto to gain freedom.<ref name=black>{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=53c9757ae6b31410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=6c21226b48c21410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Black history at the City of Toronto Archives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202183847/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=53c9757ae6b31410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=6c21226b48c21410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |publisher=City of Toronto |year=2009 |access-date=March 13, 2009}}</ref> [[Slavery in Canada|Slavery]] was banned outright in Upper Canada (and throughout the British Empire) in 1834.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Will4/3-4/73 |title=Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (repealed November 19, 1998) |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=UK Government |access-date=September 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914081704/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Will4/3-4/73 |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Torontonians integrated people of colour into their society. In the 1840s, an eating house at Frederick and King Streets, a place of mercantile prosperity in the early city, was operated by a black man named Bloxom.{{sfn|Robertson|1894|p=25}}

[[File:TorontoCanadaWest.jpg|thumb|left|Toronto in 1854. The city was a major destination for immigrants to Canada in the second half of the 19th century.]]

As a major destination for immigrants to Canada, the city grew rapidly through the remainder of the 19th century. The first significant wave of immigrants were Irish, fleeing the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Irish Famine]]; most of them were [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]. By 1851, the Irish-born population had become the largest single ethnic group in the city. The Scottish and English population welcomed smaller numbers of [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Irish immigrants, some from what is now Northern Ireland, which gave the [[Orange Order]] significant and long-lasting influence over Toronto society. Almost every mayor of Toronto was a member of the Orange Order between 1850 and 1950, and the city was sometimes referred to as the "[[Belfast]] of Canada" because of Orange influence in municipal politics and administration.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orange Order in Canada {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/orange-order |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |access-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-date=March 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316182908/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/orange-order |url-status=live}}</ref>

For brief periods, Toronto was twice the capital of the united [[Province of Canada]]: first from 1849 to 1851, following unrest in Montreal, and later from 1855 to 1859. After this date, Quebec was designated as the capital until 1865 (two years before Canadian Confederation). Since then, the capital of Canada has remained [[Ottawa]], Ontario.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statoids.com/uca.html |title=Canada Provinces |website=Statoids.com |access-date=April 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223215649/http://www.statoids.com/uca.html |archive-date=February 23, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:ParliamentBuildingsFrontStreet.jpg |thumb|The second Parliament of Upper Canada building on Front Street, 1856]]

Toronto became the capital of the province of Ontario after its official creation in 1867. The seat of government of the Ontario briefly returned to the same building that hosted the Third Parliament Building of Upper Canada, before moving to the [[Ontario Legislative Building]] at [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]] in 1893. Because of its provincial capital status, the city was also the location of [[Government House (Ontario)|Government House]], the residence of the [[viceroy|viceregal]] representative of [[Monarchy of Canada|the Crown]] [[Monarchy in Ontario|in right of Ontario]].

Long before the [[Royal Military College of Canada]] was established in 1876, supporters of the concept proposed military colleges in Canada. Staffed by British Regulars, adult male students underwent a three-month-long military course at the School of Military Instruction in Toronto. Established by Militia General Order in 1864, the school enabled officers of militia or candidates for commission or promotion in the Militia to learn military duties, drill and discipline, to command a company at Battalion Drill, to drill a company at Company Drill, the internal economy of a company, and the duties of a company's officer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~theislands/photos6/ansonkeillmilcert.jpg |title=Province of Canada : Second Class Certificate |website=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com |format=JPG |access-date=June 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407162844/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~theislands/photos6/ansonkeillmilcert.jpg |archive-date=April 7, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The school was retained at Confederation, in 1867. In 1868, Schools of [[cavalry]] and [[artillery]] instruction were formed in Toronto.<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Preston |title=Canada's RMC: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada |publisher=RMC Club by U of Toronto Press}}</ref>
[[File:Yorkville Town Hall, Yonge St., west side, opposite Collier St. (16526085614).jpg |thumb |A group in front of a horse-drawn streetcar in front of [[Yorkville Town Hall]] 1870. A [[Gas lighting|gas streetlamp]] is visible in the right foreground.]]
In the 19th century, the city built an extensive sewage system to improve sanitation, and streets were illuminated with [[gas lighting]] as a regular service.{{citation needed |date=September 2023}} Long-distance railway lines were constructed, including a route completed in 1854 linking Toronto with the Upper Great Lakes. The [[Grand Trunk Railway]] and the [[Northern Railway of Canada]] joined in the building of the first [[Toronto Union Station (1858)|Union Station]] in downtown. The advent of the railway dramatically increased the numbers of immigrants arriving, commerce and industry, as had the Lake Ontario steamers and schooners entering port before. These enabled Toronto to become a major gateway linking the world to the interior of the North American continent. Expanding port and rail facilities brought in northern timber for export and imported Pennsylvania coal. Industry dominated the waterfront for the next 100 years.

During the late 19th century, Toronto became the largest alcohol distillation (in particular, [[Distilled beverage|spirits]]) centre in North America. By the 1860s, the [[Gooderham and Worts]] Distillery operations became the world's largest [[whisky]] factory.{{citation needed |date=September 2023}} A preserved section of this once dominant local industry remains in the [[Distillery District]]. The harbour allowed access to grain and sugar imports used in processing.

[[File:GooderhamAndWorts1800s.jpg|thumb|The [[Gooderham and Worts]] buildings, 1896]]

Horse-drawn [[Tram|streetcars]] gave way to electric streetcars in 1891 when the city granted the operation of the transit franchise to the [[Toronto Railway Company]]. The public transit system passed into public ownership in 1921 as the [[Toronto Transportation Commission]], later renamed the [[Toronto Transit Commission]]. The system now has [[List of North American rapid transit systems by ridership|the third-highest ridership of any city public transportation system in North America]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013153812/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1122072619227_40/?hub=CTVNewsAt11 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/1122072619227_40/?hub=CTVNewsAt11 |work=CTV News |title=Toronto transit chief says searches unlikely |date=July 24, 2005 |archive-date=October 13, 2007}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Toronto Fire Ruins, Front Street April 19th, 1904 (HS85-10-14899).jpg|thumb|Ruins on Front Street after the [[Great Fire of Toronto (1904)|Great Toronto Fire of 1904]]]]
The [[Great Fire of Toronto (1904)|Great Toronto Fire of 1904]] destroyed a large section of [[downtown Toronto]]. The fire destroyed more than 100 buildings.<ref name="Morris1992">{{cite book |author=Oeter Morris |title=Embattled Shadows: A History of Canadian Cinema, 1895–1939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c08BBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |date=August 6, 1992 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-6072-7 |pages=38–}}</ref> The fire claimed one victim, John Croft, who was an explosive expert clearing the ruins from the fire.<ref name="Filey1999">{{cite book |author=Mike Filey |title=Mount Pleasant Cemetery: An Illustrated Guide: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ziOUu1Md-6gC&pg=PA74 |date=June 1, 1999 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=978-1-4597-1310-9 |pages=74–}}</ref> It caused {{CAD|10,387,000}} in damage (roughly {{CAD|277,600,000}} in 2020 terms).<ref name="Evening Citizen 1948">{{cite news |author= |title=Oil Fire Menaces Toronto |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CP4uAAAAIBAJ&pg=3774%2C2168808 |newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen|The Evening Citizen]] |location=[[Ottawa]] |date=February 12, 1948 |page=1 |access-date=December 5, 2014 |archive-date=October 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016121321/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CP4uAAAAIBAJ&pg=3774%2C2168808 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city received new European immigrant groups from the late 19th century into the early 20th century, particularly Germans, French, Italians, and Jews. They were soon followed by Russians, Poles, and other Eastern European nations, in addition to the Chinese entering from the West. Like the Irish before them, many of these migrants lived in overcrowded shanty-type slums, such as "[[The Ward, Toronto|the Ward]]", which was centred on [[Bay Street]], now the heart of the country's [[Financial District, Toronto|Financial District]].

As new migrants began to prosper, they moved to better housing in other areas, in what is now understood to be succession waves of settlement. Despite its fast-paced growth, by the 1920s, Toronto's population and economic importance in Canada remained second to the much longer established [[Montreal]], Quebec. However, by 1934, the Toronto Stock Exchange had become the largest in the country.
[[File:VE Day celebrations on Bay Street 1945.jpg|thumb|People in Toronto celebrating the [[Victory in Europe Day|Victory in Europe]], May 1945]]
In 1954, the City of Toronto and 12 surrounding municipalities were federated into a [[regional municipality|regional government]] known as [[Metropolitan Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/repealedstatutes/english/elaws_rep_statutes_90m62_e.htm |title=Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto Act |website=e-laws.gov.on.ca |publisher=[[Government of Ontario]] |year=2000 |access-date=December 29, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105121125/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/repealedstatutes/english/elaws_rep_statutes_90m62_e.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The postwar boom had resulted in rapid suburban development. It was believed a coordinated land-use strategy and shared services would provide greater efficiency for the region. The metropolitan government began to manage services that crossed municipal boundaries, including highways, police services, water and [[Public transport|public transit]]. In that year, a half-century after the Great Fire of 1904, disaster struck the city again when [[Hurricane Hazel]] brought intense winds and flash flooding. In the Toronto area, 81 people were killed, nearly 1,900 families were left homeless, and the hurricane caused more than {{CAD|25 million}} in damage.<ref name=hurricane>{{cite web |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/sos/002028-3200-e.html |title=SOS! Canadian Disasters |publisher=Library and Archives Canada |year=2006 |access-date=December 19, 2008 |website=collectionscanada.gc.ca |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614215507/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/sos/002028-3200-e.html |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Hurricane Hazel -- house2.jpg|thumb|left|Flooded houses near the Humber River after [[Hurricane Hazel]] passed through Toronto, 1954]]
In 1967, the seven smallest municipalities of Metropolitan Toronto were merged with larger neighbours, resulting in a six-municipality configuration that included the [[Old Toronto|former city of Toronto]] and the surrounding municipalities of [[East York]], [[Etobicoke]], [[North York]], [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]], and [[York, Toronto|York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mathwizurd.com/history/2015/5/8/why-is-toronto-called-the-6 |title=Why is Toronto Called the Six |first=David |last=Witten |year=2016 |access-date=June 2, 2017 |website=mathwizurd.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506170417/http://www.mathwizurd.com/history/2015/5/8/why-is-toronto-called-the-6 |archive-date=May 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the decades after World War II, refugees from war-torn Europe and Chinese job-seekers arrived, as well as construction labourers, particularly from Italy and Portugal. Toronto's population grew to more than one million in 1951 when large-scale suburbanization began and doubled to two million by 1971. Following the elimination of racially based immigration policies by the late 1960s, Toronto became a destination for immigrants from all over the world. By the 1980s, Toronto had surpassed Montreal as Canada's most populous city and chief economic hub. During this time, in part owing to the political uncertainty raised by the resurgence of the [[Quebec sovereignty movement]], many national and multinational corporations moved their head offices from Montreal to Toronto and [[Western Canada|Western Canadian]] cities.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_200201/ai_n9069631/pg_1 |title=Westward ho? The shifting geography of corporate power in Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330145114/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3683/is_200201/ai_n9069631/pg_1 |archive-date=March 30, 2008 |journal=Journal of Canadian Studies |year=2002 |access-date=January 14, 2007}}</ref>
[[File:-First Canadian Place under construction-3.jpg|thumb|Construction of [[First Canadian Place]], the operational headquarters of the [[Bank of Montreal]], in 1975]]
On January 1, 1998, Toronto was greatly enlarged, not through traditional [[annexation]]s, but as an [[Merger (politics)|amalgamation]] of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto and its six lower-tier constituent municipalities: East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough, York, and the original city itself. They were dissolved by an act of the [[Government of Ontario]] and formed into a single-tier City of Toronto (colloquially dubbed the "[[merger (politics)#Canada|megacity]]"), replacing all six governments.

The merger was proposed as a cost-saving measure by the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservative]] provincial government under premier [[Mike Harris]]. The announcement touched off vociferous public objections. In March 1997, a [[referendum]] in all six municipalities produced a vote of more than 3:1 against amalgamation.<ref>Chidley, Joe; Hawelshka, Danilo. [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/torontos-struggle-against-amalgamation/ Toronto's struggle against amalgamation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216004153/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/torontos-struggle-against-amalgamation |date=December 16, 2019 }}. [[Maclean's]], March 17, 1997.</ref> However, municipal governments in Canada are creatures of the provincial governments, and referendums have little to no legal effect. The Harris government could thus legally ignore the referendum results and did so in April when it tabled the ''[[City of Toronto Act]]''. Both [[parliamentary opposition|opposition parties]] [[filibuster#Provincial|held a filibuster]] in the provincial legislature, proposing more than 12,000 amendments that allowed residents on streets of the proposed megacity to take part in public hearings on the merger and adding historical designations to the streets.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=64&art=75 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101022300/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=64&art=75 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 1, 2013 |title=Legislative Reports |magazine=Canadian Parliamentary Review}}</ref> This only delayed the bill's inevitable passage, given the Progressive Conservatives' majority.

North York mayor [[Mel Lastman]] became the first "megacity" mayor, and the 62nd mayor of Toronto, with his [[1997 Toronto municipal election|electoral victory]].<ref name="1997 results">{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/elections/results/results_1997.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021141358/http://www.toronto.ca/elections/results/results_1997.htm |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |title=1997 Toronto general election results |year=1997 |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=July 12, 2013}}</ref> Lastman gained national attention after multiple snowstorms, including the January [[North American blizzard of 1999|Blizzard of 1999]], dumped {{convert|118|cm}} of snow and effectively immobilized the city.<ref name="Mel calls in the troops">{{cite news |last=Mansbridge |first=Peter |title=Toronto calls in troops to fight massive snowstorm |url=http://www.cbc.ca/player/Digital+Archives/Environment/Extreme+Weather/ID/1721169786 |access-date=March 8, 2014 |newspaper=CBC News |date=January 13, 1999 |author2=Adrienne Arsenault |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240526234617/https://www.webcitation.org/6Nufp50P5?url=http://www.cbc.ca/player/Digital%20Archives/Environment/Extreme%20Weather/ID/1721169786/ |archive-date=May 26, 2024 |location=Toronto |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/feature/when-youre-a-soldier-you-do-what-youre-told-an-oral-history-of-the-time-toronto-called-in-the-army-to-deal-with-the-snow |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20190317160311/https://nationalpost.com/feature/when%2Dyoure%2Da%2Dsoldier%2Dyou%2Ddo%2Dwhat%2Dyoure%2Dtold%2Dan%2Doral%2Dhistory%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dtime%2Dtoronto%2Dcalled%2Din%2Dthe%2Darmy%2Dto%2Ddeal%2Dwith%2Dthe%2Dsnow |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 17, 2019 |title=An oral history of the time Toronto called in the army to deal with the snow |publisher=nationalpost.com |date=January 10, 2019 |access-date=January 18, 2020}}</ref> He called in the [[Canadian Army]] to aid snow removal by use of their equipment to augment police and emergency services. The move was ridiculed by some in other parts of the country, fuelled in part by what was perceived as a frivolous use of resources.<ref>Barnes, Alan (January 16, 1999). 'World class wimps' receive little sympathy, ''The Toronto Star'', p. A22.</ref><ref name="Megacity Mel Snowstorm critique">
{{cite news |title=Mel Lastman: Selling himself to a city |url=http://www.cbc.ca/toronto/features/mel/megacity_mel.html |access-date=March 8, 2014 |newspaper=CBC News |year=2008 |author=CBC News Staff |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612130710/http://www.cbc.ca/toronto/features/mel/megacity_mel.html |archive-date=June 12, 2008 |location=Toronto |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:Jasonp blackout2003 toronto UnionStnInt.jpg|thumb|Crowds navigating [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]] during the [[Northeast blackout of 2003]]]]
The city attracted international attention in 2003 when it became the centre of a major [[SARS]] (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak. Public health attempts to prevent the disease from spreading elsewhere temporarily dampened the local economy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/one-family-went-on-holiday-and-made-toronto-a-global-pariah-116428.html |title=One family went on holiday – and made Toronto a global pariah |last=Laurance |first=Jeremy |date=April 23, 2003 |website=The Independent |access-date=May 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522183931/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/one-family-went-on-holiday-and-made-toronto-a-global-pariah-116428.html |archive-date=May 22, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> From August 14 to 17, 2003, the city was hit by a [[Northeast blackout of 2003|massive blackout]] which affected millions of Torontonians (it also affected most of Southern Ontario and parts of the United States), stranding some hundreds of people in tall buildings, knocking out traffic lights and suspending subway and streetcar service across the city during those aforementioned days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/779383/blackout-2003-ontario-in-the-dark/ |title=Blackout 2003: Ontario in the dark |website=Global News |access-date=December 9, 2020 |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430161446/https://globalnews.ca/news/779383/blackout-2003-ontario-in-the-dark/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

On March 6, 2009, the city celebrated the 175th anniversary of its inception as the City of Toronto in 1834. Toronto hosted the [[2010 G20 Toronto summit|4th G20 summit]] during June 26–27, 2010. This included the largest security operation in Canadian history. Following large-scale [[2010 G20 Toronto summit protests|protests]] and rioting, law enforcement arrested more than 1,000 people, the largest mass arrest in Canadian history.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/06/toronto-g20-summit-police-lawsuit-civil-rights-abuses |title=More than 1,000 people detained during G20 summit in Toronto can sue police |work=The Guardian |date=April 7, 2016 |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |access-date=July 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717231714/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/06/toronto-g20-summit-police-lawsuit-civil-rights-abuses |archive-date=July 17, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Tree falls on vehicle - Toronto Ice Storm 2013.jpg|thumb|left|Damage from a fallen tree after the [[December 2013 North American storm complex|December 2013 storm complex]] passed through Toronto]]
On July 8, 2013, severe flash flooding hit Toronto after an afternoon of slow-moving, intense thunderstorms. Toronto Hydro estimated 450,000 people were without power after the storm and Toronto Pearson International Airport reported {{convert|126|mm|0|abbr=on}} of rain had fallen over five hours, more than during Hurricane Hazel.<ref name=Thunderstorm_2013>{{cite news |title=Environment Canada answers the question: Where was Toronto's severe thunderstorm warning? |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/704499/environment-canada-answers-the-question-where-was-torontos-severe-thunderstorm-warning/ |access-date=July 18, 2013 |newspaper=Global Toronto |date=July 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714072223/http://globalnews.ca/news/704499/environment-canada-answers-the-question-where-was-torontos-severe-thunderstorm-warning/ |archive-date=July 14, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Within six months, from December 20 to 22, 2013, Toronto was brought to a near halt by the worst [[December 2013 North American storm complex|ice storm]] in the city's history, rivalling the severity of the [[January 1998 North American ice storm|1998 Ice Storm]] (which mainly affected southeastern Ontario, and Quebec). At the height of the storm, over 300,000 [[Toronto Hydro]] customers had no electricity or heating.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/12/29/ice_storm_7400_in_toronto_still_without_power.html |title=Ice storm: Toronto Hydro CEO promises power within hours to remaining customers {{pipe}} Toronto Star |work=Thestar.com |date=December 29, 2013 |access-date=February 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200251/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/12/29/ice_storm_7400_in_toronto_still_without_power.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto hosted [[WorldPride]] in June 2014,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/pridetoronto/2014/06/29/world_pride_12000_marchers_turn_downtown_streets_into_sea_of_colour.html |title=Showing off a world of Pride |work=Toronto Star |date=June 29, 2014 |publisher=Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. |access-date=July 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162934/https://www.thestar.com/news/pridetoronto/2014/06/29/world_pride_12000_marchers_turn_downtown_streets_into_sea_of_colour.html |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Mathieu |first1=Emily}}</ref> and the [[Pan American Games|Pan]] and [[Parapan American Games]] in [[2015 Pan American Games|2015]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto2015.org/ |title=Official Site |website=toronto2015.org |publisher=TORONTO 2015 Pan Am / Parapan Am Games |access-date=July 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701222217/http://www.toronto2015.org/ |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city continues to grow and attract immigrants. A 2019 study by [[Toronto Metropolitan University]] (then known as Ryerson University) showed that Toronto was the fastest-growing city in North America. The city added 77,435 people between July 2017 and July 2018. The Toronto metropolitan area was the second-fastest-growing metropolitan area in North America, adding 125,298 persons, compared with 131,767 in the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex|Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metroplex]] in Texas. The large growth in the Toronto metropolitan area is attributed to international migration to Toronto.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ryerson.ca/cur/Blog/blogentry35/ |title=WOW! Toronto Was the Second Fastest Growing Metropolitan Area and the Top Growing City in All of the United States and Canada |author=Frank Clayton and Hong Yun (Eva) Shi |date=May 31, 2019 |publisher=Centre for Urban Research and Land Development – Ryerson University |access-date=December 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112002805/https://www.ryerson.ca/cur/Blog/blogentry35/ |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada]] first occurred in Toronto and was [[COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto|among the hotspots in the country]].<ref name="RC">{{Cite news |url=https://news.ontario.ca/mohltc/en/2020/01/ontario-confirms-first-case-of-wuhan-novel-coronavirus.html |title=Ontario Confirms First Case of Wuhan Novel Coronavirus |date=January 25, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129194142/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1496143/coronavirus-confirmation-2e-cas-toronto |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |publisher=Government of Ontario |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/tracking-every-case-of-covid-19-in-canada-1.4852102 |title=Tracking every case of COVID-19 in Canada |date=March 13, 2020 |website=Coronavirus |language=en |access-date=March 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315124205/https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/tracking-every-case-of-covid-19-in-canada-1.4852102 |archive-date=March 15, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Toronto was named as one of 16 cities in North America (and one of two Canadian cities) to host matches for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name="Toronto selected as host site for 2026 FIFA World Cup | CTV News">{{cite news |last=Fox |first=Chris |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Toronto selected as host site for 2026 FIFA World Cup |work=[[CTV News]] |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |url=https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/toronto-selected-as-host-site-for-2026-fifa-world-cup-1.5949487 |access-date=August 7, 2022 |archive-date=August 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808021457/https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/toronto-selected-as-host-site-for-2026-fifa-world-cup-1.5949487 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Toronto}}
[[File:Toronto by Sentinel-2.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Toronto and the surrounding area]]
Toronto covers an area of {{convert|630|km2|sqmi|0}},<ref name=population>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?PR=35&T=2&SR=1&S=3&O=D Population statistics and land area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317191603/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/Table-CSD-P.cfm?PR=35&T=2&SR=1&S=3&O=D |date=March 17, 2007 }}, Statistics Canada (2001). Retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref> with a maximum north–south distance of {{convert|21|km|mi}}. It has a maximum east–west distance of {{convert|43|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}, and it has a {{convert|46|km|mi|0|adj=on}} long [[Toronto waterfront|waterfront]] shoreline, on the northwestern shore of [[Lake Ontario]]. The [[Toronto Islands]] and [[Port Lands]] extend out into the lake, allowing for a somewhat sheltered [[Toronto Harbour]] south of the downtown core.<ref name="northwest">{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/getting_here.htm |title=Getting Here |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=February 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705224859/http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/getting_here.htm |archive-date=July 5, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> An Outer Harbour was constructed southeast of downtown during the 1950s and 1960s, and it is now used for recreation. The city's limits are formed by Lake Ontario to the south, the western boundary of [[Marie Curtis Park]], [[Etobicoke Creek]], [[Eglinton Avenue]] and [[Ontario Highway 427|Highway 427]] to the west, [[Steeles Avenue]] to the north and the [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River]] and the Scarborough–Pickering Townline to the east.

===Topography===
{{further|Toronto ravine system}}
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2016}}
[[File:Leaside Bridge 2023.jpg|thumb|[[Leaside Bridge]] crossing the [[Don River (Ontario)|Don valley ravine]]. The [[Toronto ravine system]] and its [[Toronto waterway system|waterways]] cut through the city's landscape.]]
The city is mostly flat or gentle hills, and the land gently slopes upward away from the lake. The flat land is interrupted by the [[Toronto ravine system]], which is cut by numerous creeks and rivers of the [[Toronto waterway system]], most notably the Humber River in the west end, the [[Don River (Ontario)|Don River]] east of downtown (these two rivers flanking and defining the Toronto Harbour), and the Rouge River at the city's eastern limits. Most of the ravines and valley lands in Toronto today are parklands and recreational trails are laid out along the ravines and valleys. The original town was laid out in a [[grid plan]] on the flat plain north of the harbour, and this plan was extended outwards as the city grew. The width and depth of several of the ravines and valleys are such that several grid streets, such as [[Finch Avenue]], [[Leslie Street]], [[Lawrence Avenue]], and [[St. Clair Avenue]], terminate on one side of a ravine or valley and continue on the other side. Toronto has many bridges spanning the ravines. Large bridges such as the [[Prince Edward Viaduct]] were built to span broad river valleys.

Despite its deep ravines, Toronto is not remarkably hilly, but its elevation does increase steadily away from the lake. Elevation differences range from {{convert|76.5|m|ft|0|abbr=}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] at the Lake Ontario shore to {{convert|209|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above sea level near the [[York University]] grounds in the city's north end at the intersection of [[Keele Street]] and Steeles Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/data-research-maps/toronto-at-a-glance/ |title=City of Toronto: Toronto at a Glance, Geography |website=Toronto.ca |date=November 14, 2017 |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=March 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425115350/https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/data-research-maps/toronto-at-a-glance/ |archive-date=April 25, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are occasional hilly areas; in particular, [[Midtown, Toronto|midtown Toronto]], as well as the [[Silverthorn, Toronto|Silverthorn]] and [[Fairbank, Toronto|Fairbank]] neighbourhoods, have several sharply sloping hills. Lake Ontario remains occasionally visible from the peaks of these ridges as far north as Eglinton Avenue, {{convert|7|to|8|km|mi}} inland.
[[File:Topographical Map of Toronto.png|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Topographical map of Toronto. The terrain increases steadily away from the shoreline.]]
The other major geographical feature of Toronto is its escarpments. During the [[Last Glacial Period|last ice age]], the lower part of Toronto was beneath [[Glacial Lake Iroquois]]. Today, a series of [[escarpment]]s mark the lake's former boundary, known as the "Iroquois Shoreline". The escarpments are most prominent from [[Victoria Park Avenue]] to the mouth of [[Highland Creek (Toronto)|Highland Creek]], where they form the [[Scarborough Bluffs]]. Other observable sections include the area near St. Clair Avenue West between [[Bathurst Street (Toronto)|Bathurst Street]] and the Don River, and north of [[Davenport Road]] from Caledonia to [[Spadina Avenue|Spadina Road]]; the [[Casa Loma]] grounds sit above this escarpment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2012/07/a_brief_history_of_the_lake_iroquois_shoreline_in_toronto/ |title=A brief history of the Lake Iroquois shoreline in Toronto |website=www.blogto.com |language=en |access-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414000450/https://www.blogto.com/city/2012/07/a_brief_history_of_the_lake_iroquois_shoreline_in_toronto/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The geography of the lakeshore has dramatically changed since the first settlement of Toronto. Much of the land on the harbour's north shore is landfill, filled in during the late 19th century. Until then, the lakefront docks (then known as wharves) were set back farther inland than today. Much of the adjacent Port Lands on the harbour's east side was a [[wetland]] filled in early in the 20th century.<ref name="utoronto1">{{cite web |url=http://maps.library.utoronto.ca/dvhmp/ashbridges-bay.html |title=Don River Valley Historical Mapping Project |publisher=Maps.library.utoronto.ca |access-date=July 14, 2016 |archive-date=May 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524162113/http://maps.library.utoronto.ca/dvhmp/ashbridges-bay.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The shoreline from the harbour west to the Humber River has been extended into the lake. Further west, landfill has been used to create extensions of land such as Humber Bay Park.
[[File:Views from the CN Tower Laslovarga (20).JPG|thumb|View of the [[Toronto Islands]], an island chain that bounds [[Toronto Harbour#Inner Harbour|Toronto's Inner Harbour]]]]
The Toronto Islands were a natural peninsula until a storm in 1858 severed their connection to the mainland,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/tempestuous-isle/ |title=Tempestuous isle: A tragic history of Toronto Islands |last=Longley |first=Richard |date=September 14, 2017 |work=NOW Magazine |access-date=February 14, 2018 |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215084610/https://nowtoronto.com/news/tempestuous-isle/ |archive-date=February 15, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> creating a channel to the harbour. The peninsula was formed by [[longshore drift]] taking the sediments deposited along the Scarborough Bluffs shore and transporting them to the Islands area.

The other source of sediment for the Port Lands wetland and the peninsula was the deposition of the Don River, which carved a wide valley through the sedimentary land of Toronto and deposited it in the shallow harbour. The harbour and the channel of the Don River have been dredged numerous times for shipping. The lower section of the Don River was straightened and channelled in the 19th century. The former mouth drained into a wetland; today, the Don River drains into the harbour through a concrete waterway, the [[Keating Channel]]. To mitigate flooding in the area, as well as to create parkland, a second more natural mouth was built to the south during the first half of the 2020s, thereby creating a new island, [[Ookwemin Minising]].

===Neighbourhoods and former municipalities===
{{main|History of neighbourhoods in Toronto|List of neighbourhoods in Toronto}}
[[File:Toronto map.png|thumb|Map of Toronto with major traffic routes. Also shown are the limits of [[Metropolitan Toronto|six former municipalities]], which form the current City of Toronto.]]

Toronto encompasses an area formerly administered by several separate municipalities that were amalgamated over the years. Each developed a distinct history and identity over the years, and their names remain in common use among Torontonians. Former municipalities include East York, Etobicoke, [[Forest Hill, Toronto|Forest Hill]], [[Mimico]], North York, [[Parkdale, Toronto|Parkdale]], Scarborough, [[Swansea, Toronto|Swansea]], [[Weston, Toronto|Weston]] and York. Throughout the city, there exist hundreds of small neighbourhoods and some larger neighbourhoods covering a few square kilometres.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

The many residential communities of Toronto express a character distinct from the skyscrapers in the commercial core. [[Victorian era|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian era|Edwardian-era]] residential buildings can be found in enclaves such as [[Rosedale, Toronto|Rosedale]], [[Cabbagetown, Toronto|Cabbagetown]], [[The Annex]], and [[Yorkville, Toronto|Yorkville]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edwardian Residential Architecture In Toronto – Urbaneer – Toronto Real Estate, Blog, Condos, Homes |url=https://www.urbaneer.com/blog/edwardian_residential_architecture_in_toronto |access-date=April 4, 2021 |website=www.urbaneer.com |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413163101/https://www.urbaneer.com/blog/edwardian_residential_architecture_in_toronto |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Wychwood Park]] neighbourhood, historically significant for the architecture of its homes, and for being one of Toronto's earliest planned communities, was designated as an Ontario Heritage Conservation district in 1985.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.torontoneighbourhoods.net/neighbourhoods/midtown/wychwood-park/history |title=History of Wychwood Park |website=torontoneighbourhoods.net |publisher=Maple Tree Publishing |access-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822005638/http://www.torontoneighbourhoods.net/neighbourhoods/midtown/wychwood-park/history |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Casa Loma (neighbourhood)|Casa Loma]] neighbourhood is named after "Casa Loma", a castle built in 1911 by [[Henry Pellatt|Sir Henry Pellat]], complete with gardens, turrets, stables, an elevator, secret passages, and a bowling alley.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.casaloma.org/ |title=Casa Loma |website=casaloma.org |publisher=Liberty Entertainment Group |access-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712101236/http://www.casaloma.org/ |archive-date=July 12, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Spadina House]] is a 19th-century [[manor house|manor]] that is now a museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=919d2271635af310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Spadina Museum: Historic House & Gardens |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=July 16, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704082331/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=919d2271635af310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=July 4, 2016 }}</ref>

====Old Toronto====
[[File:Cabbagetown houses.jpg|thumb|[[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-era [[Bay-and-gable]] houses are a distinct architectural [[List of house types|style of residence]] that is ubiquitous throughout the older neighbourhoods of Toronto.]]
The pre-amalgamation City of Toronto covers the downtown core and older neighbourhoods to the east, west, and north. It is the most densely populated part of the city. The Financial District contains the [[First Canadian Place]], [[Toronto-Dominion Centre]], [[Scotia Plaza]], [[Royal Bank Plaza]], [[Commerce Court]] and [[Brookfield Place (Toronto)|Brookfield Place]]. This area includes, among others, the neighbourhoods of [[St. James Town]], [[Garden District, Toronto|Garden District]], [[St. Lawrence, Toronto|St. Lawrence]], [[Corktown, Toronto|Corktown]], and [[Church and Wellesley]]. From that point, the Toronto skyline extends northward along Yonge Street.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

Old Toronto is also home to many historically wealthy residential enclaves, such as [[Yorkville, Toronto|Yorkville]], Rosedale, The Annex, Forest Hill, [[Lawrence Park, Toronto|Lawrence Park]], [[Lytton Park]], [[Deer Park, Toronto|Deer Park]], [[Moore Park, Toronto|Moore Park]], and Casa Loma, most stretching away from downtown to the north.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
East and west of downtown, neighbourhoods such as [[Kensington Market]], [[Chinatown, Toronto|Chinatown]], [[Leslieville]], [[Cabbagetown, Toronto|Cabbagetown]] and [[Riverdale, Toronto|Riverdale]] are home to bustling commercial and cultural areas as well as communities of artists with studio lofts, with many middle- and upper-class professionals.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
Other neighbourhoods in the central city retain an ethnic identity, including two smaller Chinatowns, the [[Greektown, Toronto|Greektown]] area, [[Little Italy, Toronto|Little Italy]], [[Little Portugal, Toronto|Portugal Village]], and [[Gerrard Street (Toronto)|Little India]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Usmani |first=Zain |date=March 27, 2023 |title=Toronto Neighbourhoods {{!}} Ethnic Enclaves to Discover - Prepare For Canada |url=https://www.prepareforcanada.com/before-you-arrive/settling-in-canada/toronto-neighbourhoods-ethnic-enclaves-to-discover/ |access-date=April 10, 2023 |website=www.prepareforcanada.com |language=en-US |archive-date=April 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410051934/https://www.prepareforcanada.com/before-you-arrive/settling-in-canada/toronto-neighbourhoods-ethnic-enclaves-to-discover/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Suburbs====
[[File:Crescent Town 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Crescent Town]] and the surrounding area from the air. Crescent Town was a post-World War II suburban neighbourhood developed in [[East York]].]]
The inner suburbs are contained within the former municipalities of York and East York.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Toronto: A Tale Of Three Cities {{!}} Smart Cities Dive |url=https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/toronto-tale-three-cities/1217926/ |access-date=April 4, 2021 |website=www.smartcitiesdive.com |language=en-US |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513024529/https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/ex/sustainablecitiescollective/toronto-tale-three-cities/1217926/ |url-status=live}}</ref> These are mature and traditionally working-class areas, consisting primarily of post–World War I small, single-family homes and small apartment blocks.<ref name=":0" /> Neighbourhoods such as [[Crescent Town]], [[Thorncliffe Park]], [[Flemingdon Park]], Weston, and [[Oakwood Village]] consist mainly of high-rise apartments, which are home to many new immigrant families. During the 2000s, many neighbourhoods became ethnically diverse and underwent [[gentrification]] due to increasing population and a housing boom during the late 1990s and the early 21st century. The first neighbourhoods affected were [[Leaside]] and [[North Toronto]], gradually progressing into the western neighbourhoods in York.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
[[File:York after sunset (2855524410).jpg|thumb|In an attempt to curb [[urban sprawl|suburban sprawl]], many suburban neighbourhoods in Toronto encouraged high-density populations by mixing housing lots with apartment buildings far from the downtown core.]]
The outer suburbs comprising the former municipalities of Etobicoke (west), Scarborough (east) and North York (north) largely retain the grid plan laid before post-war development.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2013 |title=Quick comparisons between Toronto's and Chicago's street grids |url=http://spacing.ca/toronto/2013/10/23/torontos-and-chicagos-street-grids/ |access-date=April 4, 2021 |website=Spacing Toronto |language=en-US |archive-date=May 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508013119/https://spacing.ca/toronto/2013/10/23/torontos-and-chicagos-street-grids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Sections were long established and quickly growing towns before the suburban housing boom began and the emergence of metropolitan government, existing towns or villages such as Mimico, [[Islington-City Centre West|Islington]] and [[New Toronto]] in Etobicoke; [[Willowdale, Toronto|Willowdale]], [[Newtonbrook]] and [[Downsview]] in North York; [[Agincourt, Toronto|Agincourt]], [[Wexford, Toronto|Wexford]] and [[West Hill, Toronto|West Hill]] in Scarborough where suburban development boomed around or between these and other towns beginning in the late 1940s. Upscale neighbourhoods were built, such as the [[Bridle Path, Toronto|Bridle Path]] in North York, the area surrounding the Scarborough Bluffs in [[Guildwood]], and most of central Etobicoke, such as [[Humber Valley Village]], and [[The Kingsway, Toronto|The Kingsway]]. One of the largest and earliest "planned communities" was [[Don Mills]], parts of which were first built in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Plan town of 45,000 on Don Mills farms; Will cost 10,000,000 |first=Paul L. |last=Fox |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |date=March 12, 1953 |page=3}}</ref> Phased development, mixing single-detached housing with higher-density apartment blocks, became more popular as a suburban model of development. During the late 20th century, [[North York City Centre]] and [[Scarborough City Centre]] developed separate downtown districts outside Downtown Toronto after the former boroughs were promoted to cities.<ref name="CHRON">{{cite web|url=http://www.torontofamilyhistory.org/chronology.html |title=Toronto Chronology |publisher=Ontario Genealogy Society – Toronto Branch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929044646/http://www.torontofamilyhistory.org/chronology.html |archive-date=September 29, 2007 }}</ref> High-rise development in these areas has given these former municipalities distinguishable skylines of their own, with high-density transit corridors serving them; some of these [[Transit-oriented development|developments are also transit-oriented]].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

====Industrial====
[[File:Toronto's Distillery District in 2023 (52716109425).jpg|thumb|The [[Distillery District]] holds the most extensive collection of preserved Victorian industrial architecture in North America.]]
In the 1800s, a thriving industrial area developed around Toronto Harbour and the lower Don River mouth, linked by rail and water to Canada and the United States. Examples included the Gooderham and Worts Distillery, Canadian Malting Company, the Toronto Rolling Mills, the Union Stockyards and the [[William Davies Company|Davies pork processing facility]] (the inspiration for the "Hogtown" nickname).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Matthews |first1=Geoffrey J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tWkxht1Oa8EC&q=In+the+1800s%2C+a+thriving+industrial+area+developed+around+Toronto+Harbour&pg=PA162 |title=Historical Atlas of Canada: The land transformed, 1800–1891 |last2=Measner |first2=Don |date=January 1, 1987 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-3447-2 |language=en |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914171830/https://books.google.com/books?id=tWkxht1Oa8EC&q=In+the+1800s%2C+a+thriving+industrial+area+developed+around+Toronto+Harbour&pg=PA162 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Thais |title=Why Is Toronto Called Hogtown? |url=https://newcanadianlife.com/why-is-toronto-called-hogtown/ |access-date=April 4, 2021 |website=New Canadian Life |language=en-US |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513025145/https://newcanadianlife.com/why-is-toronto-called-hogtown/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This industrial area expanded west along the harbour and rail lines and was supplemented by the infilling of the marshlands on the east side of the harbour to create the Port Lands. A garment industry developed along lower Spadina Avenue, the "[[Fashion District, Toronto|Fashion District]]". Beginning in the late 19th century, industrial areas were set up on the outskirts, such as [[The Junction|West Toronto / The Junction]], where the Stockyards relocated in 1903.<ref name="stockyards">{{cite web |url=http://torontohistory.net/junction-stockyards.html |title=Junction Stockyards |website=torontohistory.net |publisher=Toronto Historical Association |access-date=September 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035408/http://torontohistory.net/junction-stockyards.html |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Great Fire of 1904 destroyed a large amount of industry in the downtown. Some companies moved west along King Street, and some moved as far west as Dufferin Street, where the large [[Massey-Harris]] farm equipment manufacturing complex was located.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blogto.com/city/2011/08/what_king_west_looked_like_in_the_1980s/ |title=What King West looked like in the 1980s |website=blogTO |first=Derek |last=Flack |date=August 24, 2011 |access-date=September 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035602/http://www.blogto.com/city/2011/08/what_king_west_looked_like_in_the_1980s/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Over time, pockets of industrial land mostly followed rail lines and later highway corridors as the city grew outwards. This trend continues to this day; the largest factories and distribution warehouses are in the suburban environs of [[Regional Municipality of Peel|Peel]] and [[Regional Municipality of York|York]] Regions, but also within the current city: Etobicoke (concentrated around [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Pearson Airport]]), North York, and Scarborough.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
[[File:Skyline,_2013_09_14_(17).JPG|thumb|left|The [[West Don Lands]] is a [[brownfield land|former industrial site]] in downtown Toronto that has undergone redevelopment.]]
Many of Toronto's [[Brownfield land|former industrial sites]] close to (or in) downtown have been redeveloped, including parts of the Toronto waterfront, the rail yards west of downtown, and [[Liberty Village]], the Massey-Harris district and large-scale development is underway in the [[West Don Lands]].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
The Gooderham & Worts Distillery produced spirits until 1990 and is preserved today as the "Distillery District", the largest and best-preserved collection of [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] industrial architecture in North America.{{sfn|Gibson|2008}} Some industry remains in the area, including the [[Redpath Sugar Refinery]]. Similar areas that retain their industrial character but are now largely residential are the Fashion District, Corktown, and parts of South Riverdale and Leslieville. Toronto still has some active older industrial areas, such as [[Brockton Village]], Mimico and New Toronto. In the west end of Old Toronto and York, the Weston/[[Mount Dennis]] and The Junction areas still contain factories, meat-packing facilities and rail yards close to medium-density residential. However, the Junction's Union Stockyards moved out of Toronto in 1994.<ref name="stockyards"/>

The brownfield industrial area of the Port Lands, on the east side of the harbour, is one area planned for redevelopment.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=6e75397250b16410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=ae9352cc66061410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |title=Port Lands Acceleration Initiative – City Planning – Your City |publisher=City of Toronto |language=en-CA |access-date=February 4, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181727/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=6e75397250b16410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=ae9352cc66061410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Formerly a marsh that was filled in to create industrial space, it was never intensely developed—its land unsuitable for large-scale development—because of flooding and unstable soil.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://leslievillehistory.com/timeline-ashbridges-bay/ |title=Ashbridge's Bay |date=April 13, 2015 |newspaper=Leslieville Historical Society |language=en-US |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100926/https://leslievillehistory.com/timeline-ashbridges-bay/ |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
It still contains numerous industrial uses, such as the [[Portlands Energy Centre]] power plant, port facilities, movie and television production studios, concrete processing facilities, and low-density industrial facilities. The [[Waterfront Toronto]] agency has developed plans for a naturalized mouth to the Don River and to create a flood barrier around the Don, making more of the land on the harbour suitable for higher-value residential and commercial development.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2015/07/city-announces-next-steps-port-lands-revitalization |title=City Announces Next Steps in Port Lands Revitalization {{!}} Urban Toronto |website=urbantoronto.ca |language=en |access-date=February 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205101158/http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2015/07/city-announces-next-steps-port-lands-revitalization |archive-date=February 5, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
A former chemicals plant site along the Don River is slated to become a large commercial complex and transportation hub.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eastharbour.ca/ |title=East Harbour |website=eastharbour.ca |publisher=First Gulf |access-date=September 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035711/http://eastharbour.ca/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Architecture of Toronto}}
{{See also|List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto|List of tallest buildings in Toronto}}
[[File:Sharp_Centre_for_Design.jpg|thumb|right|The Rosalie Sharp Centre for Design, an extension of [[OCAD University]]'s main building]]
Toronto's buildings vary in design and age, with many structures dating back to the early 19th century, while other prominent buildings were just newly built in the first decade of the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Takhar |first=Jas |date=February 12, 2020 |title=The History of Toronto Architecture |url=https://medium.com/@jastakhar13/the-history-of-toronto-architecture-6f7dbbf1ff3a |access-date=April 4, 2021 |website=Medium |language=en |archive-date=May 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513021930/https://medium.com/@jastakhar13/the-history-of-toronto-architecture-6f7dbbf1ff3a |url-status=live}}</ref> Lawrence Richards, a member of the Faculty of Architecture at the [[University of Toronto]], has said, "Toronto is a new, brash, rag-tag place—a big mix of periods and styles."<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto Architecture |url=http://www.where.ca/Toronto/article_feature~listing_id~95.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101083629/http://www.where.ca/Toronto/article_feature~listing_id~95.htm |archive-date=November 1, 2011}}</ref> [[Bay-and-gable]] houses, mainly found in Old Toronto, are a distinct architectural feature of the city. Defining the Toronto skyline is the CN Tower, a telecommunications and tourism hub. Completed in 1976 at a height of {{convert|553.33|m|ftin}}, it was the world's tallest<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080124080732/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070913/cn_tower_070913/20070913?hub=SciTech Dubai building surpasses CN Tower in height], [[CTV Television Network]] (2007); retrieved September 13, 2007.</ref> freestanding structure until 2007 when it was surpassed by [[Burj Khalifa]] in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Bill |date=September 13, 2007 |title=CN Tower no longer world's tallest |work=Toronto Star |publisher=Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2007/09/13/cn_tower_no_longer_worlds_tallest.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175733/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2007/09/13/cn_tower_no_longer_worlds_tallest.html |archive-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref>

Toronto is a city of high-rises and had 1,875 buildings over {{convert|30|m|ft}} as of 2011.<ref>Most of these buildings are residential. In contrast, the central business district contains commercial office towers. There has been recent attention given to the need to retrofit many of these buildings, which were constructed beginning in the 1950s as residential apartment blocks to accommodate a quickly growing population. As of November 2011, the city had 132 high-rise buildings under construction. {{cite web |date=October 5, 2011 |title=Highrises? We're tops on the continent |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/1064773-highrises-we-re-tops-on-the-continent |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140418235131/http://www.thestar.com/news/article/1064773-highrises-we-re-tops-on-the-continent |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 18, 2014 |access-date=April 18, 2014 |work=Toronto Star |publisher=TheStar.com |id=Some 132 tall buildings are currently rising in Toronto, by far the most in North America.}}</ref>

Through the 1960s and 1970s, significant pieces of Toronto's architectural heritage were demolished to make way for redevelopment or parking. In contrast, since 2000, amid the [[Canadian property bubble]], Toronto has experienced a condo construction boom and architectural revival, with several buildings opened by world-renowned architects. [[Daniel Libeskind]]'s [[Royal Ontario Museum]] addition, [[Frank Gehry]]'s remake of the [[Art Gallery of Ontario]], and [[Will Alsop]]'s distinctive [[OCAD University]] expansion are among the city's new showpieces.<ref>{{cite web |year=2005 |title=Toronto's Cultural Renaissance |url=http://www.livewithculture.ca/livewithculture_ca/about/cultural_renaissance_projects/toronto_s_cultural_renaissance |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111050849/http://www.livewithculture.ca/livewithculture_ca/about/cultural_renaissance_projects/toronto_s_cultural_renaissance |archive-date=November 11, 2007 |website=livewithculture.ca |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> The mid-1800s Distillery District, on the eastern edge of downtown, has been redeveloped into a pedestrian-oriented arts, culture and entertainment neighbourhood.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Distillery Historic District |url=http://www.toronto.com/things-to-do/the-distillery-historic-district/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711164809/http://www.toronto.com/things-to-do/the-distillery-historic-district/ |archive-date=July 11, 2016 |access-date=July 16, 2016 |website=Toronto.com}}</ref> This construction boom has some observers call the phenomenon the [[Manhattanization]] of Toronto after [[Manhattan|the densely built island borough]] of New York City.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alcoba |first=Natalie |date=August 27, 2014 |title=Toronto's 'Manhattanization': Downtown development growing at 'mind blowing' rate |newspaper=[[National Post]] |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/toronto/torontos-manhattanization-downtown-office-development-growing-at-mind-blowing-rate |access-date=June 28, 2015 |archive-date=August 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806192737/http://news.nationalpost.com/toronto/torontos-manhattanization-downtown-office-development-growing-at-mind-blowing-rate |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Wide image|Sunset Toronto Skyline Panorama Crop from Snake Island.jpg|1040px|Toronto skyline from [[Toronto Harbour]] looking north at dusk, in 2018|center|alt=}}
{{Wide image|320 L1070205 27-020 (50882129891) (cropped).jpg|1040px|Toronto skyline from [[Riverdale, Toronto|Riverdale]] looking west, in 2021|center|alt=}}

=== Climate ===
{{further|Geography of Toronto#Climate}}
{{climate chart
| Toronto
|-6.7|-0.3|64.6
|-6.0|0.6|53.9
|-1.8|5.1|52.8
|3.9|11.7|78.0
|10.0|18.8|76.4
|15.3|24.2|81.6
|18.1|27.0|76.5
|17.7|26.1|71.9
|13.8|22.0|69.4
|7.7|14.6|69.1
|2.3|8.1|70.8
|-2.7|2.6|57.8
|float=left
|clear=none
|source = Environment Canada<ref name= "Toronto (City)">{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnName_1991&txtStationName_1991=toronto&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=207000000&dispBack=1
| title = Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020
| date = 27 March 2024
| accessdate = 6 May 2024
| archive-date = May 6, 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240506192751/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnName_1991&txtStationName_1991=toronto&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=207000000&dispBack=1
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}
The city of Toronto has a hot summer [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfa''),<ref name="Peel">{{cite journal |last1=Peel |first1=M. C. |last2=Finlayson |first2=B. L. |last3=McMahon |first3=T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archive-date=February 3, 2012 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> though was on the threshold of a warm summer humid continental climate (''Dfb'') until the 20th century due to the [[urban heat island]] but still found in the [[Greater Toronto Area|metropolitan region]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification – 1971–2000 normals |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/1976-2000.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215192309/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/1976-2000.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2019 |website=koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at |language=en}}</ref> with warm, humid summers and cold winters. The city is also bordering a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and a [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'') when using the {{convert|-3|C|F|0|abbr=on}} isotherm. According to the classification applied by [[Natural Resources Canada]], the city of Toronto is in plant hardiness zone 7a. Some suburbs and nearby towns have lower zone ratings.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service |title=Canada's Plant Hardiness Site |url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Ontario&val=T |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141609/http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Ontario&val=T |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=June 7, 2016 |website=Planthardiness.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Government of Canada, [[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada]] |title=Plant Hardiness Zones of Canada |url=http://www.agr.gc.ca/atlas/agpv?webmap-en=78529700717d4cab81c13e9f9404ef10&webmap-fr=c1b454842d3748b0bb0807d7817d34c2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727145343/http://www.agr.gc.ca/atlas/agpv?webmap-en=78529700717d4cab81c13e9f9404ef10&webmap-fr=c1b454842d3748b0bb0807d7817d34c2 |archive-date=July 27, 2017 |access-date=July 11, 2017 |website=agr.gc.ca}}</ref>

The city experiences four distinct seasons, with considerable variance in length.<ref name="climatedriverv1">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=What are we studying and why? |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/environment_and_energy/key_priorities/files/pdf/tfwcds-chapter1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820183936/http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/environment_and_energy/key_priorities/files/pdf/tfwcds-chapter1.pdf |archive-date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=September 20, 2015 |work=Toronto's Future Weather and Climate Driver Study |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> As a result of the rapid passage of weather systems (such as high- and low-pressure systems), the weather is variable from day to day in all seasons.<ref name="climatedriverv1" /> Owing to urbanization and its proximity to water, Toronto has a fairly low [[Diurnal temperature variation|diurnal temperature range]]. The denser urbanscape makes for warmer nights year-round; the average nighttime temperature is about {{convert|3.0|C-change|1}} warmer in the city than in rural areas in all months.<ref name="climatedriverv3">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Why is Weather in Toronto the way it is? |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/environment_and_energy/key_priorities/files/pdf/tfwcds-chapter3.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820183939/http://www1.toronto.ca/city_of_toronto/environment_and_energy/key_priorities/files/pdf/tfwcds-chapter3.pdf |archive-date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=September 20, 2015 |work=Toronto's Future Weather and Climate Driver Study |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> However, it can be noticeably cooler on many spring and early summer afternoons under the influence of a lake breeze, since Lake Ontario is cool relative to the air during these seasons.<ref name="climatedriverv3" /> These lake breezes mostly occur in summer, bringing relief on hot days.<ref name="climatedriverv3" /> Other low-scale maritime effects on the climate include [[lake-effect snow]], fog, and delaying of spring- and fall-like conditions, known as [[seasonal lag]].<ref name="climatedriverv3" />

Winters are cold, with frequent snow.<ref name="climate">{{cite web |title=Weather Expectations |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=0d14c76aa6b12310VgnVCM1000003dd60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=a48832d0b6d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909015931/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=0d14c76aa6b12310VgnVCM1000003dd60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=a48832d0b6d1e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=September 9, 2015 |access-date=September 20, 2015 |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> During the winter months, temperatures are usually below {{convert|0|C|F|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="climate" /> Toronto winters sometimes feature cold snaps when maximum temperatures remain below {{convert|-10|C|F|0|abbr=on}}, often made to feel colder by [[wind chill]]. Occasionally, they can drop below {{convert|-25|C|F|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="climate" /> Snowstorms, sometimes mixed with ice and rain, can disrupt work and travel schedules while accumulating snow can fall anytime from November until mid-April. However, mild stretches also occur in most winters, melting accumulated snow. The summer months are characterized by very warm temperatures.<ref name="climate" /> Daytime temperatures are usually above {{convert|20|C|F|0|abbr=on}}, and often rise above {{convert|30|C|F|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="climate" /> However, they can occasionally surpass {{convert|35|C|F|0|abbr=on}} accompanied by high humidity. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons with generally mild or cool temperatures with alternating dry and wet periods.<ref name="climatedriverv3" /> Daytime temperatures average around {{convert|10|to|12|C|F|0|abbr=on}} during these seasons.<ref name="climate" />
[[File:NorthYorkIceStorm2.JPG|thumb|Winters in Toronto are typically cold with frequent snowfall.]]
Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, but summer is usually the wettest season, the bulk falling during thunderstorms. The average yearly precipitation is {{convert|822.7|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, with an average annual snowfall of {{convert|121.5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="annex" /> Toronto experiences an average of 2,066 sunshine hours or 45 percent of daylight hours, varying between a low of 28 percent in December to 60 percent in July.<ref name="annex" />

Climate change has affected Toronto, and as a consequence, the Toronto City Council declared a climate emergency, setting a net-zero carbon emissions target by 2040 through the [[TransformTO]] climate action plan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chief |first=David Rider City Hall Bureau |date=September 26, 2019 |title=City of Toronto aiming to be carbon neutral by 2050 or earlier |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/city-hall/city-of-toronto-aiming-to-be-carbon-neutral-by-2050-or-earlier/article_9faeac39-90c6-59bf-a7b7-d7780b4db815.html |access-date=January 3, 2024 |website=Toronto Star |language=en |archive-date=January 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103182047/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/city-hall/city-of-toronto-aiming-to-be-carbon-neutral-by-2050-or-earlier/article_9faeac39-90c6-59bf-a7b7-d7780b4db815.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The highest temperature ever recorded in Toronto was {{convert|40.6|C|0}} on July 8, 9, and 10, 1936,<ref name= "July 1936">{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1953-01-01%7C1969-05-31&dlyRange=1840-03-01%7C2017-04-27&mlyRange=1840-01-01%7C2006-12-01&StationID=5051&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=specDate&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2024&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=5&txtStationName=toronto&timeframe=2&Year=1936
| title = Daily Data Report for July 1936
| work = Canadian Climate Data
| date = 27 March 2024
| accessdate = 6 May 2024
| archive-date = May 6, 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240506212752/https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1953-01-01%7C1969-05-31&dlyRange=1840-03-01%7C2017-04-27&mlyRange=1840-01-01%7C2006-12-01&StationID=5051&Prov=ON&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=specDate&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2024&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=5&txtStationName=toronto&timeframe=2&Year=1936
| url-status = live
}}</ref> during the [[1936 North American heat wave]]. The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-32.8|C|0}} on January 10, 1859.<ref name= "Toronto (City)" />

{{Toronto weatherbox}}

=== Parks ===
{{See also|List of Toronto parks}}
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2016}}
[[File:Finch Meandor with Rouge River.jpg|thumb|[[Rouge National Urban Park]] is a [[National parks of Canada|national park]] in [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]].]]

Toronto has diverse public spaces, from city squares to public parks overlooking ravines. [[Nathan Phillips Square]] is the city's main square in downtown, contains the [[Toronto Sign]],<ref>{{cite web |date=June 21, 2016 |title=Iconic Toronto sign starting to show wear, needs funding to survive |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2016/06/21/iconic-toronto-sign-starting-to-show-wear-needs-funding-to-survive/ |access-date=May 3, 2020 |website=CityNews Toronto |archive-date=May 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517223859/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2016/06/21/iconic-toronto-sign-starting-to-show-wear-needs-funding-to-survive/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and forms the entrance to [[Toronto City Hall|City Hall]]. [[Yonge–Dundas Square]], near City Hall, has also gained attention in recent years as one of the busiest gathering spots in the city. Other squares include [[Harbourfront Centre|Harbourfront Square]], on the Toronto waterfront, and the civic squares at the former city halls of the defunct Metropolitan Toronto, most notably [[Mel Lastman Square]] in North York. The [[Toronto Public Space Committee]] is an advocacy group concerned with the city's public spaces. In recent years, Nathan Phillips Square has been refurbished with new facilities, and the central waterfront along Queen's Quay West has been updated recently with a new street architecture and a new square next to Harbourfront Centre.
[[File:Toronto City Hall (25383892988).jpg|thumb|[[Nathan Phillips Square]] is the city's main square. The square includes a reflecting pool that is converted into an [[ice rink]] during the winter.]]
In the winter, Nathan Phillips Square, Harbourfront Centre, and Mel Lastman Square feature popular rinks for public ice skating. Etobicoke's Colonel Sam Smith Trail opened in 2011 and is Toronto's first skating trail. [[Earl Bales Park]] offers outdoor skiing and snowboarding slopes with a [[chairlift]], rental facilities, and lessons. Several parks have marked cross-country skiing trails.

There are many large downtown parks, which include [[Allan Gardens]], [[Christie Pits]], [[Grange Park (Toronto)|Grange Park]], [[Little Norway Park]], [[Moss Park]], [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]], [[Riverdale Park (Toronto)|Riverdale Park]] and [[Trinity Bellwoods Park]]. An almost-hidden park is the compact [[Cloud Gardens]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Urban Design: Cloud Garden Park |url=http://www.lostrivers.ca/points/cloudgrdnpk.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308153337/http://www.lostrivers.ca/points/cloudgrdnpk.htm |archive-date=March 8, 2008 |access-date=March 27, 2009 |work=Lost Streams, Toronto, Web site}}</ref> which has both open areas and a glassed-in greenhouse, near Queen Street and Yonge Street. South of downtown are two large parks on the waterfront: Tommy Thompson Park on the [[Leslie Street Spit]], which has a nature preserve and is open on weekends, and the [[Toronto Islands]], accessible from downtown by ferry.
[[File:Spring has arrived at James Gardens! Toronto, May 13th, 2018 (42086291601).jpg|thumb|[[James Gardens]], a botanical garden operated by [[Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division]]]]
Large parks in the outer areas managed by the city include [[High Park]], [[Humber Bay Park]], [[Centennial Park (Toronto)|Centennial Park]], [[Downsview Park]], [[Guild Park and Gardens]], [[Sunnybrook Park]] and [[Morningside Park (Toronto)|Morningside Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2017 |title=Parks Listings |url=https://www.toronto.ca/data/parks/prd/facilities/parks/index.html |website=City of Toronto |access-date=October 4, 2020 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216203443/https://www.toronto.ca/data/parks/prd/facilities/parks/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto also operates several public golf courses. Most ravine lands and river bank floodplains in Toronto are public parklands. After Hurricane Hazel in 1954, construction of buildings on floodplains was outlawed, and private lands were bought for conservation. In 1999, Downsview Park, a former military base in North York, initiated an international design competition to realize its vision of creating Canada's first [[urban park]]. The winner, "Tree City", was announced in May 2000. Approximately {{convert|8000|ha|acre}}, or 12.5 percent of Toronto's land base, is maintained parkland.<ref name="gnpark">{{cite news |last1=Armstrong |first1=James |last2=McAllister |first2=Mark |date=April 5, 2013 |title=Toronto boasts thousands of hectares of parkland |work=Global News |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/459228/toronto-boasts-thousands-of-hectares-of-parkland/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003102200/http://globalnews.ca/news/459228/toronto-boasts-thousands-of-hectares-of-parkland/ |archive-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref> Morningside Park is the largest park managed by the city, which is {{convert|241.46|ha|acre}} in size.<ref name="gnpark" />

In addition to public parks managed by the municipal government, parts of [[Rouge National Urban Park]], the largest urban park in North America, is in the [[Rouge, Toronto|eastern portion]] of Toronto. Managed by [[Parks Canada]], the [[National parks of Canada|national park]] is centred around the Rouge River and encompasses several municipalities in the Greater Toronto Area.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 22, 2017 |title=Ontario hands over last piece of land for Rouge National Urban Park, but skeptics remain |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/rouge-urban-park-ontario-leases-farms-1.4365896 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320221548/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/rouge-urban-park-ontario-leases-farms-1.4365896 |archive-date=March 20, 2018 |access-date=March 7, 2018 |work=CBCNews |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Toronto}}
{{Historical populations
|title = Population history of Toronto
|type = Canada
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|percentages =
|footnote =
|1834|9252
|1841|14249
|1851|30776
|1861|44821
|1871|56092
|1881|86415
|1891|144023
|1901|238080
|1911|381383
|1921|521893
|1931|856955
|1941|951549
|1951|1176622
|1961|1824481
|1971|2089729
|1976|2124291
|1981|2137395
|1986|2192721
|1991|2275771
|[[1996 Canadian census|1996]]| 2385421
|[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]| 2481494
|[[2006 Canadian census|2006]]| 2503281
|[[2011 Canadian census|2011]]| 2615060
|[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]| 2731571
|[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]| 2794356
|source =<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto Population |url=https://canadapopulation.org/toronto-population/ |website=Canada Population |access-date=June 3, 2019 |archive-date=June 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603012705/https://canadapopulation.org/toronto-population/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08070/88?r=0&s=1 |title=Census of Canada, 1890–91 = Recensement du Cana... – Canadiana Online |website=www.canadiana.ca |access-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128045203/https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08070/88?r=0&s=1 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08061/422?r=0&s=1 |title=Census of Canada, 1880–81 = Recensement du Canada, 1880–81 |website=canadiana.ca |page=406 |access-date=July 15, 2020 |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716020847/http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08061/422?r=0&s=1 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01612/46?r=0&s=1 |title=Census of the Canadas, 1860–61 |website=canadiana.com |page=78 |access-date=July 15, 2020 |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716093346/http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01612/46?r=0&s=1 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01608/65?r=0&s=1 |title=Census of the Canadas, 1851-2 |website=canadiana.ca |page=A38 |access-date=July 15, 2020 |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716022331/http://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_01608/65?r=0&s=1 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08059/218?r=0&s=2 |title=Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 : statistics o... – Canadiana Online |website=www.canadiana.ca |access-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-date=January 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129213124/https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.9_08059/218?r=0&s=2 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Toronto had a population of {{val|2794356|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|1160892|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|1253238|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:2794356-2731571}}|2731571|1|%= percent}} from its 2016 population of {{val|2731571|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|631.1|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|2794356|631.1|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-date=May 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512141434/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 |url-status=live}}</ref>

At the [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Toronto CMA had a population of {{val|6202225|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|2262473|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|2394205|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:6202225-5928040}}|5928040|1|%= percent}} from its 2016 population of {{val|5928040|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|5902.75|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|6202225|5902.75|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021censusCMA>{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327085922/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, persons aged 14 years and under made up 14.5 percent of the population, and those aged 65 and over made up 15.6 percent.<ref name="sc-profile-to"/> The [[median]] age was 39.3 years.<ref name="sc-profile-to"/> The city's gender population is 48 percent male and 52 percent female.<ref name="sc-profile-to"/> Women outnumber men in all age groups 15 and older.<ref name="sc-profile-to"/>

The [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] reported that [[Immigration to Canada|immigrants]] (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 1,286,145 persons or 46.6 percent of the total population of Toronto. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were Philippines (132,980 persons or 10.3%), China (129,750 persons or 10.1%), India (102,155 persons or 7.9%), Sri Lanka (47,895 persons or 3.7%), Jamaica (42,655 persons or 3.3%), Italy (37,705 persons or 2.9%), Iran (37,185 persons or 2.9%), Hong Kong (36,855 persons or 2.9%), United Kingdom (35,585 persons or 2.8%), and Portugal (34,360 persons or 2.7%).<ref name="2021censusB"/>

The city's foreign-born persons comprised 47 percent of the population,<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/> compared to 49.9 percent in 2006.<ref name="2006diversity">{{cite news |author=Francine Kopun |author2=Nicholas Keung |date=December 5, 2007 |title=A city of unmatched diversity |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/282694 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016031301/http://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/282694 |archive-date=October 16, 2008}}</ref> According to the [[United Nations Development Programme]], Toronto has the second-highest percentage of constant foreign-born population among world cities, after [[Miami|Miami, Florida]]. While Miami's foreign-born population has traditionally consisted primarily of [[Cuba]]ns and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world.<ref name="2006diversity"/> In 2010, it was estimated over 100,000 immigrants arrived in the Greater Toronto Area each year.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 7, 2010 |title=A few frank words about immigration |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/time-to-lead/multiculturalism/a-few-frank-words-about-immigration/article1746816 |url-status=live |access-date=February 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220200025/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/time-to-lead/multiculturalism/a-few-frank-words-about-immigration/article1746816/ |archive-date=February 20, 2014}}</ref>

===Race and ethnicity===
In 2016, the three most commonly reported ethnic origins overall were [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] (332,830 or 12.5 percent), [[English Canadians|English]] (331,890 or 12.3 percent) and [[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]] (323,175 or 12.0 percent).<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/> Common regions of ethnic origin were European (47.9 per cent), Asian (including Middle-Eastern – 40.1 per cent), African (5.5 per cent), Latin/Central/South American (4.2 per cent), and North American aboriginal (1.2 per cent).<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/>
[[File:Toronto Population Pyramid, 2021.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Population pyramid of Toronto from the [[2021 Canadian census]]]]
In 2016, 51.5 per cent of the residents of the city proper belonged to a [[visible minority]] group, compared to 49.1 per cent in 2011,<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/><ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3520005&TABID=1 |title=National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011 |website=statcan.gc.ca |date=May 8, 2013 |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=April 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409105927/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Data=Count&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3520005&TABID=1 |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> and 13.6 per cent in 1981.<ref>"[http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/pdf/research_publication/working_papers/wp6.pdf Toronto in Transition: Demographic Change in the Late Twentieth Century] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310180425/http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/wp-content/uploads/pdf/research_publication/working_papers/wp6.pdf |date=March 10, 2012 }}". ([[PDF]]). CERIS – The Ontario Metropolis Centre.</ref> The largest visible minority groups were [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan at 338,960 or 12.6 percent), [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]] ([[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] at 332,830 or 12.5 percent), and [[Black Canadians|Black]] (239,850 or 8.9 percent).<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to"/> Visible minorities are projected to increase to 63 percent of the city's population by 2031.<ref name="Visible minority">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/777547--visible-minority-will-mean-white-by-2031 |work=Toronto Star |date=March 10, 2010 |title=Visible Minority Will Mean White by 2013 |first=Noor |last=Javed |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023080550/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/777547--visible-minority-will-mean-white-by-2031 |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

This diversity is reflected in Toronto's ethnic neighbourhoods, which include the Chinatowns, [[Corso Italia (Toronto)|Corso Italia]], [[Greektown, Toronto|Greektown]], [[Kensington Market]], [[Koreatown, Toronto|Koreatown]], [[Little India, Toronto|Little India]], [[Little Italy, Toronto|Little Italy]], [[Little Jamaica]], [[Little Portugal, Toronto|Little Portugal]] and [[Roncesvalles, Toronto|Roncesvalles]] (Polish community).<ref>{{cite map |author=Jeff Clark |year=2013 |title=Toronto Visible Minorities |url=http://neoformix.com/Projects/DotMaps/TorontoVisMin.html |website=Neoformix |access-date=September 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109062730/http://neoformix.com/Projects/DotMaps/TorontoVisMin.html |archive-date=November 9, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of Toronto (2001−2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] group
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Toronto, City (C) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |access-date=September 6, 2023 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134619/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2016
! colspan="2" |2011
! colspan="2" |2006
! colspan="2" |2001
|-
![[Population|<abbr>Pop.</abbr>]]
!<abbr>%</abbr>
!<abbr>Pop.</abbr>
!<abbr>%</abbr>
!<abbr>Pop.</abbr>
!<abbr>%</abbr>
!<abbr>Pop.</abbr>
!<abbr>%</abbr>
!<abbr>Pop.</abbr>
!<abbr>%</abbr>
|-
|[[European Canadians|European]]
|1,201,075
|43.5%
|1,282,750
|47.66%
|1,292,365
|50.17%
|1,300,330
|52.51%
|1,394,310
|56.75%
|-
|[[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
|385,440
|13.96%
|338,965
|12.59%
|317,100
|12.31%
|298,370
|12.05%
|253,920
|10.34%
|-
|[[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]
|351,625
|12.73%
|354,510
|13.17%
|327,930
|12.73%
|329,260
|13.3%
|301,060
|12.25%
|-
|[[Black Canadians|Black]]
|265,005
|9.6%
|239,850
|8.91%
|218,160
|8.47%
|208,555
|8.42%
|204,075
|8.31%
|-
|[[Southeast Asia]]n
|224,260
|8.12%
|194,360
|7.22%
|179,270
|6.96%
|140,050
|5.66%
|120,330
|4.9%
|-
|[[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]
|111,360
|4.03%
|96,355
|3.58%
|79,155
|3.07%
|65,240
|2.63%
|59,560
|2.42%
|-
|[[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
|92,455
|3.35%
|77,160
|2.87%
|71,205
|2.76%
|64,855
|2.62%
|54,350
|2.21%
|-
|[[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
|22,925
|0.83%
|23,065
|0.86%
|19,265
|0.75%
|13,605
|0.55%
|11,370
|0.46%
|-
|Other/[[Multiracial people|Multiracial]]
|107,135
|3.88%
|84,650
|3.14%
|71,590
|2.78%
|56,295
|2.27%
|57,840
|2.35%
|-
!Total: Visible minority
!1,537,280
!55.7%
!1,385,850
!51.5%
!1,264,410
!49.1%
!1,162,625
!47%
!1,062,505
!42.8%
|-
!Total responses
!2,761,285
!98.82%
!2,691,665
!98.54%
!2,576,025
!98.51%
!2,476,565
!98.93%
!2,456,805
!99.01%
|-
!Total population
!2,794,356
!100%
!2,731,571
!100%
!2,615,060
!100%
!2,503,281
!100%
!2,481,494
!100%
|-
| colspan="15" |Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses
|}

=== Religion===
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in Toronto included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053520005&SearchText=toronto |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=November 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111073641/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00053520005&SearchText=toronto |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (1,274,450 persons or 46.2%)
*[[Irreligion in Canada|No religion and secular perspectives]] (845,615 persons or 30.6%)
*[[Islam in Canada|Islam]] (264,155 persons or 9.6%)
*[[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] (171,980 persons or 6.2%)
*[[Judaism in Canada|Judaism]] (99,390 persons or 3.6%)
*[[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] (62,475 persons or 2.3%)
*[[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] (21,545 persons or 0.8%)
*[[Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Spirituality]] (935 persons or <0.1%)
*Other (20,730 persons or 0.8%)

===Language===
[[File:Toronto tripartite rubbish bin, May 2006.jpg|thumb|A waste receptacle in Toronto with an advert for the local multilingual emergency telephone service (from left to right and top to bottom: [[Canadian English|English]], [[Russian Canadians|Russian]], [[Vietnamese Canadians|Vietnamese]], [[Chinese Canadians#Language|Traditional Chinese]], [[Canadian French|French]], [[Punjabi Canadians|Punjabi]], [[Spanish Canadians|Spanish]], and [[Chinese Canadians#Language|Simplified Chinese]])]]
English is the predominant language spoken by Torontonians, with approximately 95 percent of residents having proficiency in it, although only 54.7 percent of Torontonians reported English as their mother tongue.<ref name=langcen>{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Toronto – Ontario – Language Profile |website=statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Stats Canada |access-date=September 7, 2019 |date=August 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114033112/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=0 |archive-date=January 14, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greater Toronto English, or simply [[Toronto slang]], is a dialect found primarily in Toronto, primarily spoken by [[Millennials]] and members of [[Generation Z]]. English is one of two [[official bilingualism in Canada|official languages of Canada]], with the other being French. Approximately 1.6 percent of Torontonians reported French as their mother tongue, although 9.1 percent reported being bilingual in both official languages.<ref name=langcen/> In addition to services provided by the federal government, provincial services in Toronto are available in both official languages as a result of the ''[[French Language Services Act]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f32 |title=French Language Services Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. F.32 |publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario |year=2019 |website=ontario.ca |access-date=September 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623122731/https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f32 |archive-date=June 23, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Approximately 4.9 percent of Torontonians reported having no knowledge in either of the official languages of the country.<ref name=langcen/>

Because the city is also home to many other languages, municipal services, most notably its [[911 (emergency telephone number)|9-1-1]] [[emergency telephone number|emergency telephone service]],{{efn|9-1-1 is the phone number for local emergency services, although GSM providers will also redirect phone calls made to [[112 (emergency telephone number)|1-1-2]] to local emergency services.}} is equipped to respond in over 150 languages.<ref name="911service">{{cite web |title=9-1-1 = EMERGENCY in any language |website=toronto.ca |publisher=[[Municipal government of Toronto|City of Toronto]] |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=4e142140f1c8f310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=163307ceb6f8e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |access-date=January 5, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028143249/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=4e142140f1c8f310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=163307ceb6f8e310VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=October 28, 2014}}</ref><ref name=lan3>[http://www12.statcan.ca:80/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&SUB=0&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&GID=838003 Various Languages Spoken – Toronto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408053330/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=838003&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=89189&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |date=April 8, 2020 }} [[Census metropolitan area|CMA]], Statistics Canada (2006); retrieved September 9, 2009.</ref> In the [[2001 Canadian census]], the collective [[varieties of Chinese]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] are the most widely spoken languages at work after English.<ref name=lan>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&View=2&Table=1&Code=535&Sort=2&B1=&B2=1 Language used at work by mother tongue in Toronto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421124848/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CMA&View=2&Table=1&Code=535&Sort=2&B1=&B2=1 |date=April 21, 2008 }} [[Census metropolitan area|CMA]], Statistics Canada (2001). Retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref><ref name=lang2>[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&View=4&Code=3520005&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=5&B1=Toronto&B2=1 Language used at work by mother tongue (City of Toronto)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421122342/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/LanguageWork/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=CSD&View=4&Code=3520005&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=5&B1=Toronto&B2=1 |date=April 21, 2008 }}, Statistics Canada (2001); retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref> Approximately 55 percent of respondents who reported proficiency in a Chinese language reported knowledge of [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] in the 2016 census.<ref name=langcen/>

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Toronto}}
[[File:Toronto from above at night.jpg|thumb|View looking towards Toronto's [[Financial District, Toronto|Financial District]]]]
Toronto is an international centre for business and finance. Generally considered the financial and industrial capital of Canada, Toronto has a high concentration of banks and brokerage firms on [[Bay Street]] in the [[Financial District, Toronto|Financial District]]. The [[Toronto Stock Exchange]] is the world's [[List of major stock exchanges|seventh-largest]] stock exchange by market capitalization.<ref>[http://www.investinontario.com/resources/documents/media/MEDT_Ad_Collection.pdf Market Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209041853/http://www.investinontario.com/resources/documents/media/MEDT_Ad_Collection.pdf |date=February 9, 2010 }} Toronto Stock Exchange (2006). Retrieved May 11, 2007.</ref> The five largest financial institutions of Canada, collectively known as the [[Big Five banks of Canada|Big Five]], all have their global corporate headquarters in Toronto, alongside Canada's major insurance giants.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blog.equinix.com/blog/2015/04/13/inside-the-big-five-its-all-about-interconnection-in-downtown-toronto/ |title=Inside the Big Five: It's All About Interconnection in Downtown Toronto |last=Schwartzmann |first=Phil |date=April 13, 2015 |website=The Equinix Blog |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813174902/https://blog.equinix.com/blog/2015/04/13/inside-the-big-five-its-all-about-interconnection-in-downtown-toronto/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/19/archives/in-canadian-banking-bid-five-dominate-the-action-big-five-in.html |title=In Canadian Banking, Big Five Dominate the Action |last=Oram |first=Roderick |date=January 19, 1977 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813175214/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/19/archives/in-canadian-banking-bid-five-dominate-the-action-big-five-in.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Frozen Toronto harbour (4675522485).jpg|thumb|[[Lake freighter]]s moored in the [[Port of Toronto]]]]
The city is an important centre for the media, publishing, telecommunication, information technology and film production industries; it is home to [[Bell Media]], [[Rogers Communications]], and [[Torstar]]. Other prominent Canadian corporations and Canadian subsidiaries of international corporations in the Greater Toronto Area include [[Magna International]], [[Pizza Pizza]], [[Mr. Sub]], [[Celestica]], [[Manulife]], [[Sun Life Financial]], [[Toyota Canada Inc.]] the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], and major hotel companies and operators, such as [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts|Four Seasons Hotels]] and [[Fairmont Hotels and Resorts]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://profitworks.ca/small-business-sales-and-marketing-resources/blog/other-blog-articles/577-largest-employers-in-toronto-area-mississauga-brampton-hamilton-oakville-scarborough-markham.html |title=Largest Employers in Toronto Area |website=www.profitworks.ca |publisher=Profit Works |access-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218224233/https://profitworks.ca/small-business-sales-and-marketing-resources/blog/other-blog-articles/577-largest-employers-in-toronto-area-mississauga-brampton-hamilton-oakville-scarborough-markham.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Although much of the region's manufacturing activities occur outside the city limits, Toronto continues to be a wholesale and distribution point for the industrial sector. The city's strategic position along the [[Quebec City–Windsor Corridor]] within the [[Great Lakes megalopolis]] and its road and rail connections help support the nearby production of motor vehicles, iron, steel, food, machinery, chemicals and paper. The completion of the [[St. Lawrence Seaway]] in 1959 gave ships access to the [[Great Lakes]] from the [[Atlantic Ocean]].

Toronto's unemployment rate was 6.7 percent as of July 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://srv129.services.gc.ca/ei_regions/eng/toronto.aspx?rates=1 |title=EI Economic Region of Toronto |website=services.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820160127/http://srv129.services.gc.ca/ei_regions/eng/toronto.aspx?rates=1 |archive-date=August 20, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the website Numbeo, Toronto's cost of living plus rent index was second highest in Canada (of 31 cities).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=Canada |title=Cost of Living in Canada |website=Numbeo |access-date=November 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928005451/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=Canada |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The local purchasing power was the sixth lowest in Canada, mid-2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/region_rankings.jsp?title=2017-mid&region=019 |title=America: Cost of Living Index by City 2017 Mid-Year |website=Numbeo |access-date=November 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004809/https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/region_rankings.jsp?title=2017-mid&region=019 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The average monthly social assistance caseload for January to October 2014 was 92,771. The number of impoverished seniors increased from 10.5 percent in 2011 to 12.1 percent in 2014. Toronto's 2013 child poverty rate was 28.6 percent, the highest among large Canadian cities of 500,000 or more residents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://torontosvitalsigns.ca/main-sections/gap-between-rich-and-poor/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319134352/http://torontosvitalsigns.ca/main-sections/gap-between-rich-and-poor/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 19, 2016 |title=Are We Making Any Progress in Reducing Poverty in Toronto? |website=TorontoVitalSigns.ca |access-date=September 27, 2017}}</ref>

=== Bay Street ===
[[File:Toronto Financial District August 2017.jpg|thumb|Buildings in the [[Financial District, Toronto|Financial District]], including the operational headquarters of three major Canadian banks]]

The [[Financial District, Toronto|Financial District]] in Toronto centres on [[Bay Street]], the equivalent to [[Wall Street]] in New York.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2021/05/toronto-fastest-growing-financial-centre-north-america/ |title=Toronto is now the fastest-growing financial centre in North America |last=O'Neil |first=Lauren |date=May 19, 2021 |website=blogto.com |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101224911/https://www.blogto.com/city/2021/05/toronto-fastest-growing-financial-centre-north-america/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The city hosts the headquarters of all five of Canada's largest banks, [[Royal Bank of Canada]], [[Toronto-Dominion Bank]], [[Scotiabank]], [[Bank of Montreal]] and [[Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce]], and was ranked as the safest banking system in the world between 2007 and 2014 according to the World Economic Forum.<ref name=":0" /> Toronto's economy has seen a steady growth boom thanks to many corporations relocating their Canadian headquarters into the city and Canada's growing cultural significance, resulting in several companies setting up shop in Toronto.

=== Media and entertainment ===
{{Main|Media in Toronto}}
[[File:Omni-City-33Dundas.jpg|thumb|[[33 Dundas Street East]] is a studio complex used by [[Citytv]] and [[Omni Television]].]]
Toronto is Canada's largest media market,<ref>[http://www.mediajobsearchcanada.com/mjsc_press.asp Media Job Search Canada] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414113224/http://www.mediajobsearchcanada.com/mjsc_press.asp|date=April 14, 2015}} Media Job Search Canada (2003). Retrieved May 8, 2007.</ref> and has four conventional dailies, two [[Alternative newspaper|alt-weeklies]], and three free commuter papers in a greater metropolitan area of about 6 million inhabitants. The ''[[Toronto Star]]'' and the ''[[Toronto Sun]]'' are the prominent daily city newspapers, while national dailies ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' and the ''[[National Post]]'' are also headquartered in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/site/about/ |title=About the Star |website=[[Toronto Star]] |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101185034/https://www.thestar.com/site/about/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Toronto Star'', ''The Globe and Mail'', and ''National Post'' are broadsheet newspapers. Several magazines and local newspapers cover Toronto, including ''[[Now (newspaper)|Now]]'' and ''[[Toronto Life]]'', while numerous magazines are produced in Toronto, such as ''[[Canadian Business]]'', ''[[Chatelaine (magazine)|Chatelaine]]'', ''[[Flare (magazine)|Flare]]'' and ''[[Maclean's]]''. [[Daily Hive]], Western Canada's largest online-only publication, opened its Toronto office in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Powell |first1=Chris |title=Vancity Buzz launches in Toronto and Montreal |url=http://marketingmag.ca/media/vancity-buzz-launches-in-toronto-and-montreal-175695 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809215405/http://marketingmag.ca/media/vancity-buzz-launches-in-toronto-and-montreal-175695/ |archive-date=August 9, 2018 |access-date=January 28, 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref> Toronto contains the headquarters of the major English-language Canadian television networks [[CBC Television|CBC]], [[CTV Television Network|CTV]], [[Citytv]], [[Global Television Network|Global]], [[The Sports Network]] (TSN) and [[Sportsnet]]. [[Much (TV channel)|Much (formerly MuchMusic)]], [[M3 (Canadian TV channel)|M3 (formerly MuchMore)]] and [[MTV (Canadian TV channel)|MTV Canada]] are the main music television channels based in the city. However, they no longer primarily show music videos as a result of [[channel drift]] amid a shift in demographics.

==== Film production ====
{{See also|Hollywood North}}
[[File:The Boys Season 12 filmed at Pecaut Square Toronto.jpg|thumb|Film production for ''[[The Boys (TV series)|The Boys]]'' at [[Pecaut Square]]]]
Toronto is one of the centres of [[Cinema of Canada|Canada's film and television industry]] due in part to the lower cost of production in Canada. The city's streets and landmarks are seen in a variety of films, mimicking the scenes of American cities such as [[Chicago]] and [[New York City|New York]]. The city provides diverse settings and neighbourhoods to shoot films, with production facilitated by Toronto's Film and Television Office. Toronto's film industry has extended beyond the [[Greater Toronto Area#Toronto CMA|Toronto CMA]] into adjoining cities such as [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] and [[Oshawa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-film-tv-production-levels-record-high-1.6788133 |title=Ontario reaches record high levels of film, TV production in 2022 |website=CBC.ca |access-date=December 29, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230031747/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-film-tv-production-levels-record-high-1.6788133 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Real estate ===
Real estate is a major force in the city's economy; Toronto is home to some of the nation's—and the world's—most expensive real estate. The Toronto Regional Real Estate Board (TRREB), formerly the Toronto Real Estate Board, is a non-profit professional association of registered [[real estate]] brokers and salespeople in Toronto, and parts of the [[Greater Toronto Area]].<ref name="who_we_are">{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=http://trreb.ca/index.php/about-treb/who-we-are |access-date=August 19, 2020 |website=trreb.ca |ref=who_we_are |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818012703/http://trreb.ca/index.php/about-treb/who-we-are |url-status=live}}</ref> TRREB was formed in 1920.<ref name="who_we_are" /> Many large [[real estate investment trust]]s are based in Toronto.

===Technology and biotech===
Toronto is a large hub of the Canadian and global technology industry, generating $52 billion in revenues annually. In 2017, Toronto tech firms offered almost 30,000 jobs, which is higher than the combination of San Francisco Bay area, Seattle and Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silagadze |first=Mike |date=August 15, 2018 |title=Toronto's Tech Scene Is Having A Moment, But Not For The Reason You'd Think |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/08/15/torontos-tech-scene-is-having-a-moment-but-not-for-the-reason-youd-think/#2872862f5871 |journal=Forbes |access-date=August 5, 2021 |archive-date=August 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805112727/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/08/15/torontos-tech-scene-is-having-a-moment-but-not-for-the-reason-youd-think/#2872862f5871 |url-status=live}}</ref> The area bound between the Greater Toronto Area, the [[Regional Municipality of Waterloo|region of Waterloo]] and the city of [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] was termed a "digital corridor" by the Branham Group,<ref>{{Cite web |title=York Region an Integral Leader in Digital Corridor - Techvibes.com |url=http://www.techvibes.com/blog/york-region-an-integral-leader-in-digital-corridor-2014-09-08 |access-date=November 18, 2015 |website=www.techvibes.com |date=September 8, 2014 |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119203247/http://www.techvibes.com/blog/york-region-an-integral-leader-in-digital-corridor-2014-09-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> a region highly concentrated with technology companies and jobs similar to [[Silicon Valley]] in California.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.investontario.ca/spotlights/toronto-ranked-north-americas-fastest-growing-tech-market |title=Toronto rises to 3rd in the CBRE's 2019 Scoring Tech Talent report based on strong job growth and low costs, Ottawa placed 19th, while Hamilton and Waterloo rank among North America's top three-up and coming tech markets |date=November 3, 2022 |website=Invest Ontario |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=August 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813180018/https://www.investontario.ca/spotlights/toronto-ranked-north-americas-fastest-growing-tech-market |url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto is home to a large startup ecosystem and is the third-largest center for information and communications technology in North America, behind [[New York City]] and the Silicon Valley.<ref name=NYTTechHub2022/> In 2023, the city was ranked as the 17th best startup scene in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Genome |first=Startup |title=Startup Genome |url=https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2023 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=Startup Genome |language=en |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101221810/https://startupgenome.com/report/gser2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in Toronto}}
{{See also|Hotels in Toronto}}
[[File:Kensington Market Toronto August 2017 01.jpg|thumb|[[Kensington Market]], a neighbourhood that is also partly an outdoor market]]
In 2018, 27.5 million tourists visited Toronto, generating $10.3 billion (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=10300000000|start_year=2018}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) in economic activity.<ref>{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Toronto's Visitor Economy |url=https://assets.simpleviewinc.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/toronto/Toronto_Visitor_Economy_final_0aefb93e-80ac-42ad-8434-599a5761139d.pdf |publisher=Tourism Economics |access-date=March 12, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328223213/https://assets.simpleviewinc.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/toronto/Toronto_Visitor_Economy_final_0aefb93e-80ac-42ad-8434-599a5761139d.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Toronto Eaton Centre]] receives over 47 million visitors per year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto Eaton Centre {{!}} Tourism Toronto |url=http://www.seetorontonow.com/listings/toronto-eaton-centre/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702174603/http://www.seetorontonow.com/listings/toronto-eaton-centre/ |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=January 23, 2016 |website=www.seetorontonow.com}}</ref> Other commercial areas popular with tourists include the [[Path (Toronto)|Path]] network, which is the world's largest<ref>{{Cite web |title=PATH – Toronto's Downtown Underground Pedestrian Walkway – Getting Here & Around – Visitor Information Services {{!}} City of Toronto |url=http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620023017/http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonly?vgnextoid=f537b454b35a2410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=04708b7a29891410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD |archive-date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=January 23, 2016 |language=en-CA}}</ref> underground shopping complex, as well as [[Kensington Market]] and [[St. Lawrence Market]].<ref>[http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/attraction_highlights.htm City of Toronto, Attractions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607043251/http://www.toronto.ca/attractions/attraction_highlights.htm |date=June 7, 2011 }}, City of Toronto. Retrieved on December 3, 2006.</ref> The [[Toronto Islands]] are close to downtown Toronto and do not permit private motor vehicles beyond the airport. Other tourist attractions include the CN Tower, [[Casa Loma]], Toronto's theatres and musicals, [[Yonge–Dundas Square]], and [[Ripley's Aquarium of Canada]].

The Royal Ontario Museum is a museum of world culture and [[natural history]]. The [[Toronto Zoo]]<ref name="aboutzoo">{{cite web |title=About the Toronto Zoo |url=http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911054227/http://www.torontozoo.com/AboutTheZoo/ |archive-date=September 11, 2007 |access-date=October 11, 2007 |website=torontozoo.com |publisher=[[Toronto Zoo]]}}</ref><ref name="zoo">{{cite news |last=Buhasz |first=Laszlo |date=May 7, 2003 |title=Uncaging the zoo |work=Globe and Mail |location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20030507.TRCOVE7/TPStory/Travel |url-status=dead |access-date=October 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411144754/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20030507.TRCOVE7/TPStory/Travel |archive-date=April 11, 2008}}</ref> is home to over 5,000 animals representing over 460 distinct species. The Art Gallery of Ontario contains an extensive collection of Canadian, European, African and [[contemporary art]]work. Also, it hosts exhibits from museums and galleries from all over the world. The [[Gardiner Museum]] of ceramic art is the only museum in Canada entirely devoted to ceramics, and the Museum's collection contains more than 2,900 ceramic works from Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The city also hosts the [[Ontario Science Centre]], the [[Bata Shoe Museum]], and [[Textile Museum of Canada]].
[[File:Art Gallery of Ontario (38637506756).jpg|thumb|left|The southern façade of the [[Art Gallery of Ontario]]]]
Other prominent art galleries and museums include the [[Design Exchange]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.designexchangetoronto.com/#about-anchor |title=Design Exchange – Toronto's Best Private Events Venue |website=designexchangetoronto.com |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101183047/https://www.designexchangetoronto.com/#about-anchor |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[TIFF Lightbox]], the [[Museum of Contemporary Art Toronto Canada]], the [[Institute for Contemporary Culture]], the [[Toronto Sculpture Garden]], the [[CBC Museum]], the [[Redpath Sugar Museum]], the [[University College, Toronto|University of Toronto Art Centre]], [[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]], the TD Gallery of Inuit Art, [[Little Canada (attraction)|Little Canada]] and the [[Aga Khan Museum]]. The city also runs its own museums, which include the [[Spadina House]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/museums/spadina-museum/ |title=Toronto History Museums – Spadina Museum |website=Toronto.ca |date=November 23, 2017 |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=December 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206012708/https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/museums/spadina-museum/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Don Valley Brick Works]] is a former industrial site that opened in 1889 and was partly restored as a park and heritage site in 1996, with further restoration being completed in stages since then. The [[Canadian National Exhibition]] ("The Ex") is held annually at Exhibition Place and is the oldest annual fair in the world. The Ex has an average attendance of 1.25 million.<ref>{{cite web |year=2006 |title=CNE – About Us] |url=http://www.cnedirect.com/contact-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509183034/http://www.cnedirect.com/contact-us/ |archive-date=May 9, 2012 |access-date=December 29, 2006 |website=cnedirect.com |publisher=[[Canadian National Exhibition]]}}</ref>

City shopping areas include the Yorkville neighbourhood, [[Queen Street, Toronto|Queen West]], [[Harbourfront, Toronto|Harbourfront]], the [[Toronto Entertainment District|Entertainment District]], the Financial District, and the St. Lawrence Market neighbourhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destinationtoronto.com/things-to-do/shopping/districts/queen-west/?view=list&sort=qualityScore&bounds=false |title=Shopping in Queen West |website=Destination Toronto |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101182338/https://www.destinationtoronto.com/things-to-do/shopping/districts/queen-west/?view=list&sort=qualityScore&bounds=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://10best.usatoday.com/destinations/canada/toronto/harbourfront/ |title=Find the best things to do in Harbourfront |last=Faba |first=Neil |date=June 20, 2018 |website=USA Today 10 Best |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101182728/https://10best.usatoday.com/destinations/canada/toronto/harbourfront/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Toronto Eaton Centre|Eaton Centre]] is Toronto's most popular tourist attraction with over 52 million visitors annually.<ref>{{cite web |author=City of Toronto |year=2007 |title=Who uses the square (Demographics)] |url=http://www.ydsquare.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109115721/http://www.ydsquare.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=27 |archive-date=January 9, 2009 |access-date=April 12, 2008 |website=Yonge Dundas Square}}</ref>
[[File:Hockey_Hall_of_Fame_building,_Toronto,_South_view_20170417_1.jpg|thumb|The [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] is a museum dedicated to [[ice hockey]], as well as a [[List of halls and walks of fame|Hall of Fame]].]]
Greektown on the Danforth is home to the annual "[[Taste of the Danforth]]" festival, which attracts over one million people in {{frac|2|1|2}} days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Taste of the Danforth |url=http://www.tasteofthedanforth.com/6history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401235730/http://www.tasteofthedanforth.com/6history.html |archive-date=April 1, 2007 |access-date=July 7, 2007}}</ref> Toronto is also home to Casa Loma, the former estate of [[Henry Pellatt|Sir Henry Pellatt]], a prominent Toronto financier, industrialist and military man. Other notable neighbourhoods and attractions in Toronto include [[The Beaches, Toronto|The Beaches]], the Toronto Islands, [[Kensington Market]], Fort York, and the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hhof.com/visit/ticketsandvisitorinfo.html |title=The Official site of the Hockey Hall of Fame – Tickets & Visitor Info |website=hhof.com |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101183856/https://www.hhof.com/visit/ticketsandvisitorinfo.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destinationtoronto.com/neighbourhoods/eastside/the-beaches/ |title=Neighbourhood: The Beaches |website=Destination Toronto |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101184100/https://www.destinationtoronto.com/neighbourhoods/eastside/the-beaches/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{Main|Education in Toronto}}

=== Primary and secondary education ===
{{Further|List of secondary schools in Ontario#City of Toronto}}
[[File:TorontoDistrictSchoolBoardEducationCentre - 2015May30.jpg|thumb|Headquarters for the [[Toronto District School Board]], one of four public school boards that operate in the city]]
There are four [[state school|public]] [[school board]]s that provide [[primary education|elementary]] and [[secondary education]] in Toronto, the [[Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir]], the [[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]] (CSV), the [[Toronto Catholic District School Board]] (TCDSB), and the [[Toronto District School Board]] (TDSB). CSV and TDSB are [[secular education|secular]] public school boards, whereas MonAvenir and TCDSB are [[separate school|separate]] public school boards. CSV and MonAvenir are French [[first language]] school boards, whereas TCDSB and TDSB are English first language school boards.

TDSB operates the most schools among the four Toronto-based school boards, with 451 elementary schools, 105 secondary schools, and five [[adult high school|adult learning centres]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.tdsb.on.ca/AboutUs.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128043258/http://www.tdsb.on.ca/AboutUs.aspx |archive-date=November 28, 2016 |access-date=November 26, 2016 |website=tdsb.on.ca |publisher=Toronto District School Board}}</ref> TCDSB operates 163 elementary schools, 29 secondary schools, three combined institutions, and one adult learning centre. CSV operates 11 elementary schools, and three secondary schools in the city.<ref>{{cite web |year=2019 |title=Secteur de Toronto |url=https://csviamonde.ca/nos-ecoles/trouver-une-ecole/?tx_viamondeschools_area%5Barea%5D=4&tx_viamondeschools_area%5Baction%5D=show&tx_viamondeschools_area%5Bcontroller%5D=Area&cHash=3e7636f44c8807bb8ffa92aa67cbb792 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131423/https://csviamonde.ca/nos-ecoles/trouver-une-ecole/?tx_viamondeschools_area%5Barea%5D=4&tx_viamondeschools_area%5Baction%5D=show&tx_viamondeschools_area%5Bcontroller%5D=Area&cHash=3e7636f44c8807bb8ffa92aa67cbb792 |archive-date=February 23, 2019 |access-date=February 22, 2019 |publisher=Conseil scolaire Viamonde |language=fr}}</ref> MonAvenir operates nine elementary schools,<ref>{{cite web |year=2019 |title=Écoles |url=https://www.cscmonavenir.ca/ecole/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223074323/https://www.cscmonavenir.ca/ecole/ |archive-date=February 23, 2019 |access-date=February 22, 2019 |publisher=Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir |language=fr}}</ref> and three secondary schools in Toronto.<ref>{{cite web |year=2019 |title=Nos écoles secondaires |url=https://www.cscmonavenir.ca/secondaire/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223074616/https://www.cscmonavenir.ca/secondaire/ |archive-date=February 23, 2019 |access-date=February 22, 2019 |publisher=Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir |language=fr}}</ref>

=== Postsecondary education ===
There are several public universities and colleges based in Toronto. The city is also home to several [[supplementary school]]s, [[seminary|seminaries]], and [[vocational school]]s. Examples of such institutions include [[The Royal Conservatory of Music]], which includes [[the Glenn Gould School]]; the [[Canadian Film Centre]], a media training institute founded by filmmaker [[Norman Jewison]]; and [[Tyndale University]], a Christian post-secondary institution and Canada's largest seminary.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tyndale.ca/about/history |title=History Overview – Tyndale University |website=Tyndale.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101012358/https://www.tyndale.ca/about/history |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cfccreates.com/about/ |title=Who we are – Canadian Film Centre |website=cfccreates.com |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101173943/https://cfccreates.com/about/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rcmusic.com/ggs/about/why-study-at-the-glenn-gould-school |title=Why Study at The Glenn Gould School? |website=rcmusic.com |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101174149/https://www.rcmusic.com/ggs/about/why-study-at-the-glenn-gould-school |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rcmusic.com/about-us |title=About us – Royal Conservatory of Music |website=rcmusic.com |access-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206205303/https://www.rcmusic.com/about-us |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Universities====
[[File:Uoft universitycollege.jpg|thumb|[[University College, Toronto|University College]] at the [[University of Toronto]]. University College is one of eleven constituent colleges at the University of Toronto.]]
Five [[public university|public universities]] are based in Toronto. Four of these universities are based in downtown Toronto: [[OCAD University]], [[Toronto Metropolitan University]], the [[Université de l'Ontario français]], and the [[University of Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-universities |title=ONtario universities |access-date=December 25, 2023 |date=December 15, 2023 |website=www.ontario.ca |publisher=King's Printer for Ontario |archive-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128033912/https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-universities |url-status=live}}</ref> The University of Toronto also operates two satellite campuses, [[University of Toronto Scarborough|one of which]] is in the city's eastern district of Scarborough, while [[University of Toronto Mississauga|the other]] is in the neighbouring city of [[Mississauga]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t |title=About U of T |website=utoronto.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101010741/https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t |url-status=live}}</ref> [[York University]] is the only Toronto-based university not situated in downtown Toronto, maintaining a [[Keele Campus|primary campus]] in the northwestern portion of North York and a [[Glendon College|secondary campus]] in midtown Toronto.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yorku.ca/about/ |title=About York: Join our community |website=yorku.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101054623/https://www.yorku.ca/about/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Several other public universities based elsewhere in Ontario also operate satellite campuses or facilities in Toronto, including [[Queen's University at Kingston]], the [[University of Ottawa]], the [[University of Western Ontario]], [[Wilfrid Laurier University]], and the [[University of Guelph]].<ref name=ttceligsch>{{cite web |url=https://www.ttc.ca/Fares-and-passes/Fare-information/Eligible-Post-Secondary-Schools |title=Eligible Post-Secondary Schools |publisher=Toronto Transit Commission |website=www.ttc.ca |year=2023 |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185841/https://www.ttc.ca/Fares-and-passes/Fare-information/Eligible-Post-Secondary-Schools |url-status=live}}</ref> The latter operates a satellite campus in northwestern Etobicoke together with [[Humber Polytechnic]], called the [[University of Guelph-Humber]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.guelphhumber.ca/about/our-story |title=Our Story |publisher=University of Guelph-Humber |access-date=December 25, 2023 |website=www.guelphhumber.ca |archive-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185839/https://www.guelphhumber.ca/about/our-story |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to public universities, Toronto also holds the satellite campus for [[Northeastern University]], a [[private university]] based in [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://toronto.northeastern.edu/ |website=toronto.northeastern.edu |publisher=Northeastern University |title=Northeastern in Toronto |access-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185839/https://toronto.northeastern.edu/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Colleges====
There are four public [[college (Canada)|colleges]] based in Toronto: [[Centennial College (Canada)|Centennial College]], [[George Brown College]], Humber Polytechnic, and [[Seneca Polytechnic]] (formerly Seneca College). The four institutions operate several campuses throughout the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-colleges |website=www.ontario.ca |title=Ontario colleges |publisher=King's Printer for Ontario |access-date=December 25, 2023 |date=July 6, 2023 |archive-date=December 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225185839/https://www.ontario.ca/page/ontario-colleges |url-status=live}}</ref> Several public colleges based elsewhere in Ontario also operate satellite facilities and campuses in Toronto, including [[Cambrian College]], [[Canadore College]], [[Collège Boréal]], [[Collège La Cité]], [[Fleming College]], [[Georgian College]], [[Lambton College]], [[Loyalist College]], [[Niagara College]], [[St. Clair College]], and [[Sault College]].<ref name=ttceligsch/>

== Human resources ==

===Public health===
{{Main|Health in Toronto}}
{{See also|List of hospitals in Toronto}}
[[File:Toronto - ON - Toronto General Hospital.jpg|thumb|[[Toronto General Hospital]] is a major [[teaching hospital]] in downtown Toronto.]]
Toronto is home to twenty public hospitals, including the [[Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto)|Hospital for Sick Children]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sickkids.ca/en/about/about-sickkids/ |title=About Sickkids |website=sickkids.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101192953/https://www.sickkids.ca/en/about/about-sickkids/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)|Mount Sinai Hospital]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sinaihealth.ca/about-sinai-health/sinai-health-system-history/mount-sinai-hospital-history/ |title=Mount Sinai Hospital History |website=sinaihealth.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101193157/https://www.sinaihealth.ca/about-sinai-health/sinai-health-system-history/mount-sinai-hospital-history/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto)|St. Michael's Hospital]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unityhealth.to/about-unity-health/who-we-are/ |title=Who we are – St Michaels Hospital |website=unityhealth.to |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101110654/https://unityhealth.to/about-unity-health/who-we-are/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[North York General Hospital]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nygh.on.ca/about-us/overview/history-and-founding-partners |title=History and Founding Partners |website=nygh.on.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101193552/https://www.nygh.on.ca/about-us/overview/history-and-founding-partners |url-status=live}}</ref>[[Toronto General Hospital]], [[Toronto Western Hospital]], [[Etobicoke General Hospital]], [[St. Joseph's Health Centre]], [[Scarborough General Hospital (Toronto)|Scarborough General Hospital]], [[Birchmount Hospital]], [[Centenary Hospital]], [[Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre]], [[Centre for Addiction and Mental Health]] (CAMH), and [[Princess Margaret Cancer Centre]], many of which are affiliated with the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine]].

Specialized hospitals are also outside of the downtown core. These hospitals include the [[Baycrest Health Sciences]] geriatric hospital and the [[Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital]] for children with disabilities.

Toronto's [[Discovery District]]<ref name="district">[http://www.torontodiscoverydistrict.ca/Page.asp?IdPage=5760&WebAddress=DiscoveryDistrict/ Toronto Discovery District FAQ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063259/http://www.torontodiscoverydistrict.ca/Page.asp?IdPage=5760&WebAddress=DiscoveryDistrict%2F|date=September 28, 2007}}, Toronto Discovery District (2006). Retrieved December 5, 2006.</ref> is a centre of research in [[biomedicine]]. It is on a {{convert|2.5|km2|acre|adj=on}} research park that is integrated into Toronto's downtown core. It is also home to the [[MaRS Discovery District]],<ref name="mars">{{cite web |year=2006 |title=Medical and Related Sciences Centre |url=http://www.marsdd.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205040951/http://marsdd.com/ |archive-date=December 5, 2006 |access-date=December 5, 2006 |website=marsdd.com |publisher=Medical and Related Sciences Centre}}</ref> which was created in 2000 to capitalize on the research and innovation strength of the province of Ontario. Another institute is the McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine (MCMM).<ref name="mole">{{cite web |year=2006 |title=McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine (MCMM) |url=http://www.mclaughlin.utoronto.ca/Page4.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901141613/http://www.mclaughlin.utoronto.ca/Page4.aspx |archive-date=September 1, 2010 |access-date=December 5, 2006 |website=mclaughlin.utoronto.ca}}</ref>
[[File:MaRSfromCollege.jpg|thumb|MaRS Discovery District building at Bloor Street. The organization is a medical research trust.]]
Toronto is also host to a wide variety of health-focused non-profit organizations that work to address specific illnesses for Toronto, Ontario and Canadian residents. Organizations include [[Crohn's and Colitis Canada]], the [[Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada]], the [[Canadian Cancer Society]], the [[Alzheimer Society of Canada]], and [[Alzheimer Society of Ontario]], all located in the same office at [[Yonge–Eglinton]], the [[Leukemia & Lymphoma Society of Canada]], the [[Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation]], the [[Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research]], [[Cystic Fibrosis Canada]], the [[Canadian Mental Health Association]], and the [[ALS Society of Canada]].

In 2022, 187 homeless people died in Toronto, with 47 percent dying of drug toxicity, the leading cause.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mehrabi |first=Kimia Afshar |date=March 17, 2023 |title=Shocking number of people experiencing homelessness died on Toronto streets in 2022 |url=https://www.blogto.com/city/2023/03/people-experiencing-homelessness-died-toronto-2022/ |work=blogTO |access-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317220508/https://www.blogto.com/city/2023/03/people-experiencing-homelessness-died-toronto-2022/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto Public Health described it as an "urgent public health issue", and has responded by opening supervised drug consumption sites, and by advocating for the allowance of personal drug possession.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto Public Health releases 2022 data for deaths of people experiencing homelessness |publisher=Toronto Public Health |date=March 17, 2023 |url=https://www.toronto.ca/news/toronto-public-health-releases-2022-data-for-deaths-of-people-experiencing-homelessness/ |access-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317220509/https://www.toronto.ca/news/toronto-public-health-releases-2022-data-for-deaths-of-people-experiencing-homelessness/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Public library ===
{{Main|Toronto Public Library}}
[[File:TorontoReferenceLibrary8.jpg|thumb|The [[Toronto Reference Library]], the largest branch operated by [[Toronto Public Library]]]]
Toronto Public Library is the largest public library system in Canada. In 2008, it averaged a higher circulation per capita than any other public library system internationally, making it the largest neighbourhood-based library system in the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 16, 2013 |title=The Great Equalizer: Toronto Public Library |url=http://citiesofmigration.ca/good_idea/the-great-equalizer-toronto-public-library/ |publisher=Cities of Migration |access-date=August 5, 2021 |archive-date=December 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225054128/http://citiesofmigration.ca/good_idea/the-great-equalizer-toronto-public-library/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Within North America, it also had the highest circulation and visitors when compared to other large urban systems.<ref name="An2009">{{cite web |title=2009 Annual Performance Measures and Strategic Plan Update |url=http://beta.torontopubliclibrary.ca/content/about-the-library/pdfs/board/meetings/2010/may10/17.pdf |access-date=June 4, 2010 |publisher=Toronto Public Library |archive-date=January 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110102253/http://beta.torontopubliclibrary.ca/content/about-the-library/pdfs/board/meetings/2010/may10/17.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

Established as the library of the [[Toronto Mechanics' Institute|Mechanics' Institute]] in 1830, the Toronto Public Library now consists of 100 branch libraries<ref name="100branches">{{cite news |last=Pelley |first=Lauren |date=May 20, 2015 |title=Toronto Public Library opens 100th branch in Scarborough |newspaper=[[Toronto Star]] |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/05/20/toronto-public-library-opens-100th-branch-in-scarborough.html |access-date=May 20, 2015 |archive-date=May 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524000005/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/05/20/toronto-public-library-opens-100th-branch-in-scarborough.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and has over 12 million items in its collection.<ref name="An2009" /><ref name="kupferman">{{cite journal |last=Kupferman |first=Steve |date=May 28, 2014 |title=Fort York gets the ultimate condo amenity: a flashy new public library |url=http://www.torontolife.com/informer/toronto-real-estate/2014/05/28/fort-york-gets-a-new-public-library/ |url-status=dead |journal=[[Toronto Life]] |publisher=Toronto Life Publishing Company |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529191514/http://www.torontolife.com/informer/toronto-real-estate/2014/05/28/fort-york-gets-a-new-public-library/ |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |access-date=May 29, 2014}}</ref><ref name="coll">{{cite web |year=2000 |title=Message from the Mayor |url=http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/content/about-the-library/news-publications/strat-plan/strat-plan-2000.pdf |access-date=August 7, 2011 |work=Toronto Public Library Strategic Plan 2000–2008 |publisher=Toronto Public Library Board |page=4 |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215158/http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/content/about-the-library/news-publications/strat-plan/strat-plan-2000.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hist">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=History of Toronto Public Library |url=http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/about-the-library/library-history/ |access-date=August 7, 2011 |publisher=Toronto Public Library |archive-date=May 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509110407/https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/about-the-library/library-history/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Culture and contemporary life==
{{Main|Culture in Toronto}}
{{See also|Annual events in Toronto|List of festivals in Toronto|Recreation in Toronto}}
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2016}}
[[File:TIFF comes in Toronto (29465981882).jpg|thumb|Crowds walk past the [[Royal Alexandra Theatre]] during the [[Toronto International Film Festival]].]]
Toronto's theatre and [[performing arts]] scene has more than fifty ballet and dance companies, six opera companies, two symphony orchestras, [[List of music venues in Toronto|many music venues]], and a host of theatres. The city is home to the [[National Ballet of Canada]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://national.ballet.ca/Meet/About-National-Ballet |title=About The National Ballet of Canada |website=national.ballet.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=April 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402205837/https://national.ballet.ca/Meet/About-National-Ballet |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Canadian Opera Company]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coc.ca/about-the-coc |title=About The COC |website=coc.ca |access-date=January 1, 2023 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127192812/https://www.coc.ca/about-the-coc |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Toronto Symphony Orchestra]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tso.ca/ |title=The Official website of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra |website=tso.ca |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629015506/http://www.tso.ca/About-The-TSO/About-the-TSO.aspx//Despr%C3%A9s |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Canadian Electronic Ensemble]], and the [[Canadian Stage Company]]. Notable performance venues include the [[Four Seasons Centre|Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts]], [[Roy Thomson Hall]], the [[Princess of Wales Theatre]], the [[Royal Alexandra Theatre]], [[Massey Hall]], the [[Meridian Arts Centre]] (formerly the Toronto Centre for the Arts), the [[Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres]], and the [[Meridian Hall (Toronto)|Meridian Hall]] (originally the "O'Keefe Centre" and formerly the "Hummingbird Centre" and the "Sony Centre for the Performing Arts").

[[Ontario Place]] features the world's first permanent [[IMAX]] movie theatre, the [[Cinesphere]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imax.com/corporate/history/ |website=IMAX.com |title=Corporate History |access-date=December 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115235504/http://www.imax.com/corporate/history/ |archive-date=November 15, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as the [[Budweiser Stage]] (formerly Molson Amphitheatre), an open-air venue for music concerts. In the spring of 2012, Ontario Place closed after declining attendance. Although the Budweiser Stage and harbour still operate, the park and Cinesphere are no longer in use. There are ongoing plans to revitalise Ontario Place.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2014/07/31/ontario-place-revitalization-plans |title=$100M revitalization plan for Ontario Place |newspaper=Toronto Sun |access-date=July 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916160115/http://www.torontosun.com/2014/07/31/ontario-place-revitalization-plans |archive-date=September 16, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Cinesphere]] at [[Ontario Place]]]]
Each summer, the Canadian Stage Company presents an outdoor [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] production in Toronto's High Park called "Dream in High Park". [[Canada's Walk of Fame]] acknowledges the achievements of successful Canadians with a series of stars on designated blocks of sidewalks along King Street and Simcoe Street.

The production of domestic and foreign film and television is a major local industry. As of 2011, Toronto ranks as the third-largest production centre for film and television after [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York City]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/ed/bgrd/backgroundfile-45805.pdf |title=Film and Television Industry: 2011 Year in Review |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |date=September 1, 2012 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050038/http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/ed/bgrd/backgroundfile-45805.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> sharing the nickname "[[Hollywood North]]" with Vancouver.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |first=Vernon |last=Scott |page=12B |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DkUfAAAAIBAJ&dq=toronto%20hollywood%20north&pg=4458%2C1049685 |title=Toronto Now Called Hollywood of North |access-date=June 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904071434/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DkUfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mmcEAAAAIBAJ&dq=toronto%20hollywood%20north&pg=4458%2C1049685 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Accessing City Hall">{{cite web |url=http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/0/a196b48a551afa4285256df600461208?OpenDocument |title=New numbers confirm Toronto's rank as Hollywood North |website=toronto.ca |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=January 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033459/http://wx.toronto.ca/inter/it/newsrel.nsf/0/a196b48a551afa4285256df600461208?OpenDocument |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/in-brief-sars-costs-for-hollywood-north-and-more-1.468842 |title=SARS costs for 'Hollywood North' and more |work=CBC News |date=March 9, 2004 |access-date=January 1, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330145114/http://www.torontoisms.com/guide/crime.htm |archive-date=March 30, 2008}}</ref> The [[Toronto International Film Festival]] is an annual event celebrating the international film industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tiff-23-economic-impact-1.6965715 |title=TIFF generates big bucks for Toronto, Will the Hollywood actor's strike change that? |last=Cheese |first=Tyler |date=September 15, 2023 |website=[[CBC News]] |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101175531/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tiff-23-economic-impact-1.6965715 |url-status=live}}</ref> Another film festival is the Take 21 (formerly the Toronto Student Film Festival), which screens the works of students 12–18 years of age from many different countries across the globe.
[[File:Caribana 2010.jpg|thumb|The grand parade for the [[Caribana]] festival on [[Lake Shore Boulevard]]]]
Toronto's [[Caribana]] (formerly known as Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival) takes place from mid-July to early August of every summer.<ref name=Caribana>[http://www.caribana.com/ Toronto Caribbean Carnival (Caribana) Festival 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209010245/http://caribana.com/ |date=February 9, 2009 }}, WORD Magazine (2006). They were retrieved on December 11, 2006.</ref> Primarily based on the [[Trinidad and Tobago Carnival]], the first Caribana took place in 1967 when the city's Caribbean community celebrated [[Canadian Centennial|Canada's Centennial]]. More than forty years later, it has grown to attract one million people to Toronto's [[Lake Shore Boulevard]] annually. Tourism for the festival is in the hundreds of thousands, and each year, the event generates over $400 million in revenue for Ontario's economy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/803506 |title=The Caribana success story |work=Toronto Star |date=May 3, 2010 |access-date=June 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510041950/http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/803506 |archive-date=May 10, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

One of the most significant events in the city, [[Pride Toronto|Pride Week]], takes place in late June and is one of the largest [[LGBTQ]]+ festivals in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dailyhive.com/toronto/toronto-national-geographic-pride-2018 |title=Toronto named one of the world's best places to celebrate Pride |last=Smith |first=Ainsley |date=June 11, 2018 |website=Daily Hive |language=en |access-date=March 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019021624/http://dailyhive.com/toronto/toronto-national-geographic-pride-2018 |archive-date=October 19, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Food===
{{main|List of Michelin-starred restaurants in Toronto}}

== Sports ==
{{Main|Sports in Toronto}}
{{See also|Amateur sport in Toronto|List of sports teams in Toronto}}
{{More citations needed section|date=July 2016}}
[[File:Toronto Island Queen City Yacht Club.jpg|thumb|Queen City Yacht Club facilities and piers on the Toronto Islands]]
Toronto is represented in five [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major league sports]], with teams in the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL), [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB), [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA), [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL), and [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS). It was formerly represented in a sixth and seventh; the [[USL W-League (1995–2015)|USL W-League]] that announced on November 6, 2015, that it would cease operation ahead of the 2016 season and the [[Canadian Women's Hockey League]] ceased operations in May 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=News from wleaguesoccer.com |url=http://wleaguesoccer.com/home/899334.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119110213/http://wleaguesoccer.com/home/899334.html |archive-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Equalizer Soccer – USL W-League, once top flight, folds after 21 seasons |url=http://equalizersoccer.com/2015/11/06/usl-w-league-folds-21-seasons/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316112548/http://equalizersoccer.com/2015/11/06/usl-w-league-folds-21-seasons/ |archive-date=March 16, 2016 |access-date=June 7, 2016 |website=Equalizersoccer.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 31, 2019 |title=The Canadian Women's Hockey League to Discontinue Operations |url=http://www.thecwhl.com/the-canadian-womens-hockey-league-to-discontinue-operations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502221143/http://www.thecwhl.com/the-canadian-womens-hockey-league-to-discontinue-operations |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |access-date=May 8, 2019 |publisher=[[Canadian Women's Hockey League]]}}</ref> The city's major sports venues include the [[Scotiabank Arena]] (formerly Air Canada Centre), [[Rogers Centre]] (formerly SkyDome), [[Coca-Cola Coliseum]] (formerly Ricoh Coliseum), and [[BMO Field]]. Toronto is one of six North American cities (alongside [[Sports in Dallas|Dallas]], [[Sports in Chicago|Chicago]], [[Sports in Los Angeles|Los Angeles]], [[Sports in Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]], and [[Sports in the New York metropolitan area|the New York Tri-state area]]) to have won titles in its five major leagues (MLB, NHL, NBA, MLS and either NFL or CFL), and the only one to have done so in the Canadian Football League.

Historic sports clubs of Toronto include the [[Granite Club]] (established in 1836), the [[Royal Canadian Yacht Club]] (established in 1852), the Toronto Cricket Skating and Curling Club (established before 1827), the Argonaut Rowing Club (established in 1872), the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club (established in 1881), and the Badminton and Racquet Club (established in 1924).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rcyc.ca/about/RCYC_Story |title=RCYC Story: Over a Century And A Half of Leadership |website=rcyc.ca |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160455/https://rcyc.ca/about/RCYC_Story |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.graniteclub.com/guestinfo |title=Guest Information – Granite Club |website=graniteclub.com |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160713/https://www.graniteclub.com/guestinfo |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Professional sports ===
[[File:The Blue Jays host the Orioles in the AL Wild Card Game (30243609331).jpg|thumb|The [[2016 American League Wild Card Game]] played at [[Rogers Centre]]. The Toronto Blue Jays use the stadium.]]
Toronto is home to the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]], one of the NHL's [[Original Six]] clubs, and has also served as home to the Hockey Hall of Fame since 1958.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhl.com/mapleleafs/team/history |title=Toronto Maple Leafs History |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415084441/https://www.nhl.com/mapleleafs/team/history |url-status=live}}</ref> The city had a rich history of [[ice hockey|hockey]] championships. Along with the Maple Leafs' 13 [[Stanley Cup]] titles, the [[Toronto Marlboros]] and [[St. Michael's College School]]-based [[Ontario Hockey League]] teams, combined, have won a record 12 [[Memorial Cup]] titles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/TOR/history.html |title=Toronto Maple Leafs Historical Statistics and All-Time Leaders |publisher=Hockey-Reference.com |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231161012/https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/TOR/history.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Toronto Marlies]] of the [[American Hockey League]] also play in Toronto at Coca-Cola Coliseum and are the farm team for the Maple Leafs. The [[Toronto Six]], the first Canadian franchise in the [[National Women's Hockey League]], began play with the 2020–21 season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/first-pwhl-game-jan-1-toronto-ny-1.7070386 |title=History in the making: PWHL's Toronto vs New York begins new era in women's hockey |last=Donkin |first=Karissa |date=December 29, 2023 |website=[[CBC Sports]] |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231044930/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/first-pwhl-game-jan-1-toronto-ny-1.7070386 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, the National Women's Hockey League folded. Its successor, the Professional Women's Hockey League, has the Toronto Sceptres.

The city is home to the [[Toronto Blue Jays]] MLB baseball team. The team has won two [[World Series]] titles ([[1992 World Series|1992]], [[1993 World Series|1993]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://torontosun.com/sports/baseball/toronto-blue-jays/simmons-blue-jays-92-world-series-team-was-one-for-the-ages |title=Simmons: Blue Jays' 92 World Series team was one for the ages |last=Simmons |first=Steve |date=October 22, 2022 |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |access-date=August 11, 2023 |archive-date=October 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022222716/https://torontosun.com/sports/baseball/toronto-blue-jays/simmons-blue-jays-92-world-series-team-was-one-for-the-ages |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-10-24-sp-49239-story.html |title=World Series: Toronto Blue Jays vs Philadelphia Phillies; Carter Sends Everyone Home; Blue Jays Repeat Crown on Homer in Ninth, 8-6 |last=Nightendale |first=Bob |date=October 24, 1993 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231162129/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-10-24-sp-49239-story.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Blue Jays play their home games at the Rogers Centre in the downtown core. Toronto has a long history of minor-league professional baseball dating back to the 1800s, culminating in the [[Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)|Toronto Maple Leafs]] baseball team, whose owner first proposed an MLB team for Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto Blue Jays Timeline |url=https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/history/timeline |access-date=November 3, 2017 |website=BlueJays.com |publisher=MLB Advanced Media |archive-date=June 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620125715/https://www.mlb.com/bluejays/history/timeline |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Toronto Raptors]] basketball team entered the NBA in 1995 and has since earned eleven playoff spots and five [[Atlantic Division (NBA)|Atlantic Division]] titles in 24 seasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/TOR/ |title=Toronto Raptors Team Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Basketball-Reference.com]] |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728024002/http://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/TOR/ |url-status=live}}</ref> They won their first NBA title in [[2019 NBA Finals|2019]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holcombe |first=Madeline |date=June 14, 2019 |title=The Toronto Raptors win Canada's first NBA championship |url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2019/06/14/sport/nba-finals-game-6-raptors-warriors-trnd/index.html |access-date=November 8, 2020 |publisher=[[CNN]] |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920115849/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2019/06/14/sport/nba-finals-game-6-raptors-warriors-trnd/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The Raptors are the only NBA team with their own television channel, [[NBA TV Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nba.com/raptors/nbatvcanada/schedule |title=NBATV Canada Latest Schedule |date=June 3, 2014 |last=Lopez |first=Torj |website=NBA.com |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230235523/https://www.nba.com/raptors/nbatvcanada/schedule |url-status=live}}</ref> They play their home games at Scotiabank Arena, which is shared with the Maple Leafs. In 2016, Toronto hosted the [[2016 NBA All-Star Game|65th NBA All-Star game]], the first to be held outside the United States.<ref name="Toronto hosts 2016 All Star game">{{cite web |title=Toronto to host 2016 All-Star Game |url=http://www.allstarweekendtoronto.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215105101/http://www.allstarweekendtoronto.com/ |archive-date=February 15, 2016 |access-date=February 13, 2016 |work=AllStarweekendToronto}}</ref> The Toronto Tempo of the WNBA will begin play in 2026.
[[File:Scotiabank Arena summer 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Scotiabank Arena]] from Bremner Boulevard. The [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s Toronto Raptors and the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]'s Toronto Maple Leafs play their home games at the arena.]]
The city is represented in [[Canadian football]] by the CFL's [[Toronto Argonauts]], which was founded in 1873.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://argoalumni.com/team-history/ |title=Argonauts Team History |website=Toronto Argonauts Alumni Association |date=January 18, 2016 |access-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101185630/https://argoalumni.com/team-history/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The club has won 18 [[Grey Cup]] Canadian championship titles. The club's home games are played at BMO Field.
[[File:Bmo Field 2016 East Stand.jpg|thumb|View of [[BMO Field]] from the grandstands. The [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]'s Toronto Argonauts and [[Major League Soccer|MLS]]' Toronto FC play their home games at the outdoor stadium.]]
Toronto is represented in soccer by the [[Toronto FC]] MLS team, who have won seven [[Canadian Championship]] titles, as well as the [[MLS Cup]] in [[MLS Cup 2017|2017]] and the [[Supporters' Shield]] for best regular season record, also in [[2017 Major League Soccer season|2017]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada – Toronto FC – Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news – Soccerway |url=https://us.soccerway.com/teams/canada/toronto-fc/7977/trophies/ |publisher=Soccerway |access-date=March 29, 2020 |archive-date=February 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206002459/https://us.soccerway.com/teams/canada/toronto-fc/7977/trophies/ |url-status=live}}</ref> They share BMO Field with the Toronto Argonauts. Toronto has a high level of participation in soccer across the city at several smaller stadiums and fields. Toronto FC entered the league as an expansion team in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ozanian |first=Mike |date=May 21, 2013 |title=David Beckham To Earn Huge Windfall From New York's MLS Expansion |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/05/21/david-beckham-to-earn-huge-windfall-from-new-yorks-mls-expansion/ |access-date=November 23, 2013 |archive-date=November 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123151325/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2013/05/21/david-beckham-to-earn-huge-windfall-from-new-yorks-mls-expansion/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 12, 2007 |title=Toronto vs. Chicago Fire 3–1 |publisher=Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2007/05/12/united-states/mls/toronto-fc/chicago-fire/437620/ |access-date=November 13, 2014 |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730083441/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2007/05/12/united-states/mls/toronto-fc/chicago-fire/437620/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[AFC Toronto]] of the [[Northern Super League]] play at [[York Lions Stadium]].

The [[Toronto Rock]] is the city's [[National Lacrosse League]] team. They won five [[National Lacrosse League Cup]] titles in seven years in the late 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century, appearing in an NLL-record five straight championship games from 1999 to 2003, and are first all-time in the number of Champion's Cups won. The Rock formerly shared the Scotiabank Arena with the Maple Leafs and the Raptors. However, the Toronto Rock moved to the nearby city of Hamilton while retaining its Toronto name.

The [[Toronto Wolfpack]] became Canada's first professional [[rugby league]] team and the world's first transatlantic professional sports team when they began play in the [[Rugby Football League]]'s [[RFL League 1|League One]] competition in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=W. |first=T.A. |date=March 8, 2017 |title=Rugby league's Toronto Wolfpack are the first transatlantic sports team |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/gametheory/2017/03/crossing-pond |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311225015/http://www.economist.com/blogs/gametheory/2017/03/crossing-pond |archive-date=March 11, 2017 |access-date=March 12, 2017 |website=economist.com}}</ref> Due to COVID-19 restrictions on international travel the team withdrew from the [[Super League]] in 2020 with its future uncertain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto Wolfpack pull out of Super League season as relegation is cancelled {{pipe}} Toronto Wolfpack {{pipe}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/20/toronto-wolfpack-exit-super-league-season-casting-doubt-on-clubs-future |website=amp.theguardian.com |access-date=December 25, 2020 |archive-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216054003/https://amp.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/20/toronto-wolfpack-exit-super-league-season-casting-doubt-on-clubs-future |url-status=live}}</ref> The rugby club's ownership changed in 2021, now 'Team Wolfpack' will play in the newly formed [[North American Rugby League]] tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto Wolfpack news |url=https://www.torontowolfpack.com/pack-is-back |website=torontowolfpack.com/ |publisher=Team Wolfpack |access-date=May 4, 2021 |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512203921/https://www.torontowolfpack.com/pack-is-back/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Toronto is home to the [[Toronto Rush]], a semi-professional ultimate team that competes in the [[American Ultimate Disc League]] (AUDL).<ref>{{cite news |last=Hall |first=Joseph |date=October 30, 2015 |title=Toronto Rush takes flight with American Ultimate Disc League |newspaper=The Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/localsports/article/1292212--american-ultimate-disc-league-gets-toronto-franchise |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204130716/http://www.thestar.com/sports/localsports/article/1292212--american-ultimate-disc-league-gets-toronto-franchise |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 4, 2013 |access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=American Ultimate Disc League |url=http://theaudl.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021064303/http://theaudl.com/ |archive-date=October 21, 2015 |access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> [[Ultimate (sport)|Ultimate (disc)]], in Canada, has its beginning roots in Toronto, with 3300 players competing annually in the Toronto Ultimate Club (League).<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the TUC |url=http://tuc.org/history/tuc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220133/http://tuc.org/history/tuc |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref>

Toronto has hosted several [[National Football League]] (NFL) exhibition games at the Rogers Centre. [[Edward S. Rogers Jr.|Ted Rogers]] [[Bills Toronto Series|leased the Buffalo Bills]] from [[Ralph Wilson]] for the purposes of having the Bills play eight home games in the city between 2008 and 2013.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #ddd; background:#fefefe; padding:3px; margin:0; margin:auto;"
|+ Professional sports teams in Toronto
! scope="col" | Club
! scope="col" | League
! scope="col" | Sport
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Established
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Scarborough Shooting Stars]]
| [[Canadian Elite Basketball League|CEBL]]
| [[Basketball]]
| [[Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre]]
| 2021
| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[AFC Toronto]]
| [[Northern Super League|NSL]]
| [[Soccer]]
| [[York Lions Stadium]]
| 2025
| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Argonauts]]
| [[Canadian Football League|CFL]]
| [[Canadian football]]
| [[BMO Field]]
| 1873
| 18 (last in [[109th Grey Cup|2022]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Blue Jays]]
| [[Major League Baseball|MLB]]
| [[Baseball]]
| [[Rogers Centre]]
| 1977
| 2 (last in [[1993 World Series|1993]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto FC]]
| [[Major League Soccer|MLS]]
| [[Association football|Soccer]]
| [[BMO Field]]
| 2007
| 1 (last in [[MLS Cup 2017|2017]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
| [[National Hockey League|NHL]]
| [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]
| [[Scotiabank Arena]]
| 1917
| 13 (last in [[1967 Stanley Cup Finals|1967]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Marlies]]
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]
| [[Coca-Cola Coliseum]]
| 2005
| 1 (last in [[2018 Calder Cup playoffs|2018]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Raptors]]
| [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]
| [[Basketball]]
| [[Scotiabank Arena]]
| 1995
| 1 (last in [[2019 NBA Finals|2019]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Rock]]
| [[National Lacrosse League|NLL]]
| [[Box lacrosse]]
| [[FirstOntario Centre]]
| 1998
| 6 (last in [[2011 NLL season|2011]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Sceptres]]
| [[Professional Women's Hockey League|PWHL]]
| [[Ice hockey|Hockey]]
| [[Coca-Cola Coliseum]]
| 2024
| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Tempo]]
| [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]]
| [[Basketball]]
| [[Coca-Cola Coliseum]]
| 2026
| 0
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[Toronto Wolfpack]]
| [[North American Rugby League|NARL]]
| [[Rugby league]]
| [[Lamport Stadium]]
| 2017
| 1 (in [[2017 League 1]])
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: left;" | [[York United FC]]
| [[Canadian Premier League|CPL]]
| [[Soccer]]
| [[York Lions Stadium]]
| 2018
| 0
|}

=== Collegiate sports ===
[[File:2017 Red and Blue Bowl.jpg|thumb|A Canadian football game between the [[Toronto Varsity Blues]] and the [[York University Lions]] at [[Alumni Field (York University)|York's Alumni Field]]]]
The [[University of Toronto]] in downtown Toronto was where the first recorded [[college football]] game was held in November 1861.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bernstein |first=Mark F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3i4KOu7MiEC |title=Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession |date=September 19, 2001 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3627-9 |language=en}}</ref> Many post-secondary institutions in Toronto are members of [[U Sports]] or the [[Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association]], the former for universities and the latter for colleges.

Toronto was home to the [[International Bowl]], an [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] sanctioned post-season college football game that pitted a [[Mid-American Conference]] team against a [[Big East Conference (1979–2013)|Big East Conference]] team. From 2007 to 2010, the game was played at Rogers Centre annually in January.

=== Events ===
[[File:Queen Elizabeth at the Queen's Plate.jpg|thumb|Arrival of [[Elizabeth II]] at the 2010 [[King's Plate|Queen's Plate]] at [[Woodbine Racetrack]]]]
Toronto, along with Montreal, hosts an annual [[tennis]] tournament called the [[Canadian Open (tennis)|Canadian Open]] (not to be confused with the [[Canadian Open (golf)|identically named golf tournament]]) between the months of July and August. In odd-numbered years, the men's tournament is held in Montreal, while the women's tournament is held in Toronto, and vice versa in even-numbered years.

The city hosts the [[Toronto Waterfront Marathon]] annually, one of the [[World Athletics Label Road Races]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Athletics Label Road Races |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-label-road-races/calendar-results |access-date=November 13, 2022 |website=World Athletics |archive-date=December 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221218202650/https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-label-road-races/calendar-results |url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto also hosts the annual [[Grand Prix of Toronto]] car race (officially named Honda Indy Toronto), part of the [[IndyCar Series]] schedule, held on a street circuit at Exhibition Place.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indycar.com/Schedule/2023/IndyCar-Series/Toronto |title=Honda Indy Toronto |publisher=[[IndyCar Series]] |access-date=December 31, 2023 |archive-date=September 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131128/https://www.indycar.com/Schedule/2023/IndyCar-Series/Toronto |url-status=live}}</ref> It was known previously as the [[Champ Car World Series|Champ Car]]'s Molson Indy Toronto from 1986 to 2007. Both [[thoroughbred]] and [[standardbred]] [[horse racing]] events are conducted at [[Woodbine Racetrack]] in [[Rexdale]].
[[File:2018 Honda Indy Toronto at Exhibition Place.jpg|thumb|The 2018 [[Grand Prix of Toronto]], an annual [[IndyCar Series]] race held at [[Exhibition Place]]]]
Toronto hosted the [[2015 Pan American Games]] in July 2015 and the [[2015 Parapan American Games]] in August 2015. It beat the cities of [[Lima]], Peru, and [[Bogotá]], Colombia, to win the rights to stage the games.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toronto 2015 Pan American Games Bid Officially Launched |url=http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/commonwealth_games_bids/1216133774.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019025828/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/commonwealth_games_bids/1216133774.html |archive-date=October 19, 2008 |website=GameBids.com}}</ref> The games were the largest [[multi-sport event]] ever to be held in Canada (in terms of athletes competing), double the size of the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cayley |first1=Shawn |date=August 12, 2014 |title=Countdown is on to Pan American and Parapan American Games in Durham Region |work=durhamregion.com |publisher=[[Metroland Media Group]] |url=http://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/4754402-countdown-is-on-to-pan-american-and-parapan-american-games-in-durham-region/ |url-status=dead |access-date=August 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120851/http://www.durhamregion.com/news-story/4754402-countdown-is-on-to-pan-american-and-parapan-american-games-in-durham-region/ |archive-date=September 3, 2014}}</ref>

Toronto was a candidate city for the [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996]] and [[2008 Summer Olympics]], which were awarded to [[Atlanta]] and [[Beijing]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news |last=Byers |first=Jim |date=July 10, 2007 |title=Third time lucky for T.O. Games bid? |url-access=subscription |work=The Star |location=Toronto |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2007/07/10/third_time_lucky_for_to_games_bid.html |url-status=live |access-date=May 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305073654/http://www.thestar.com/News/article/234164 |archive-date=March 5, 2010}}</ref>

Toronto was named as one of 16 cities in North America (and one of two Canadian cities) to host matches for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].<ref name="Toronto selected as host site for 2026 FIFA World Cup | CTV News" />

== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Municipal government of Toronto}}
{{see also|Politics of Toronto|Public services in Toronto}}

=== Government ===
Toronto is a [[single-tier municipality]] governed by a [[Mayor–council government|mayor–council system]]. The structure of the municipal government is stipulated by the ''City of Toronto Act''. The mayor of Toronto is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the [[Head of government|chief executive]] of the city. The [[Toronto City Council]] is a [[unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative body, comprising 25 councillors, since the [[2018 Toronto municipal election|2018 municipal election]], representing geographical [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] throughout the city.<ref name="Council Members" /> The mayor and members of the city council serve four-year terms without [[term limit]]s. (Until the [[2006 Toronto municipal election|2006 municipal election]], the mayor and city councillors served three-year terms.)
[[File:Cityhalltoronto1.JPG|thumb|left|[[Toronto City Hall]] is the seat of the [[municipal government of Toronto]].]]
As of 2016, the city council has twelve standing committees, each consisting of a chair (some have a vice-chair) and several councillors.<ref name="TCC">{{cite web |title=Toronto City Council and Committees |url=http://app.toronto.ca/tmmis/decisionBodyList.do?function=prepareDisplayDBList |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708052705/http://app.toronto.ca/tmmis/decisionBodyList.do?function=prepareDisplayDBList |archive-date=July 8, 2016 |access-date=July 17, 2016 |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> The mayor names the committee chairs and the remaining members of the committees are appointed by city council. An executive committee is formed by the chairs of each standing committee, the mayor, the deputy mayor and four other councillors. Councillors are also appointed to oversee the Toronto Transit Commission and the [[Toronto Police Services Board]].

The city has four community councils that consider local matters. The City council has delegated final decision-making authority on local, routine matters, while others—like planning and zoning issues—are recommended to the city council. Each city councillor serves as a member of a community council.<ref name="TCC" />

There are about 40 subcommittees and advisory committees appointed by the city council. These bodies are made up of city councillors and private citizen volunteers. Examples include the Pedestrian Committee, Waste Diversion Task Force 2010, and the [[Task Force to Bring Back the Don]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of committees, task forces and round tables |url=http://www.toronto.ca/committees/directory.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403113800/http://www.toronto.ca/committees/directory.htm |archive-date=April 3, 2007 |access-date=March 18, 2007 |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref>

The City of Toronto had an approved operating budget of {{CAD|13.53 billion}} in 2020 and a ten-year capital budget and plan of {{CAD|43.5 billion}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toronto city council approves 2020 budget, homeowners to see 4.24% property tax increase |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6568733/toronto-council-budget-meeting/ |date=February 19, 2020 |first1=Matthew |last1=Bingley |access-date=June 13, 2020 |website=Global News |language=en |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613121400/https://globalnews.ca/news/6568733/toronto-council-budget-meeting/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The city's revenues include subsidies from the [[Government of Canada]] and the Government of Ontario (for programs mandated by those governments), 33 per cent from property tax, 6 per cent from the land transfer tax and the rest from other tax revenues and user fees.<ref name="cot-chart">{{cite web |title=Budget 2017 Charts |url=https://www1.toronto.ca/City%20Of%20Toronto/Strategic%20Communications/City%20Budget/2017/PDFs/Where%20the%20money%20goes%202017%20CA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726105036/https://www1.toronto.ca/City%20Of%20Toronto/Strategic%20Communications/City%20Budget/2017/PDFs/Where%20the%20money%20goes%202017%20CA.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2017 |access-date=September 13, 2017 |publisher=City of Toronto}}</ref> The city's largest operating expenditures are the Toronto Transit Commission at {{CAD|2.14 billion}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=TTC seeks to raise fares by 10 cents in 2020 budget proposal |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2019/12/13/ttc-fare-increase-2020-budget-proposal/ |access-date=June 13, 2020 |website=CityNews Toronto |date=December 13, 2019 |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613121358/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2019/12/13/ttc-fare-increase-2020-budget-proposal/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Toronto Police Service]], {{CAD|1.22 billion}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Chris |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Tory says he won't support 'arbitrary' cuts to the $1.22B police budget |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/tory-says-he-won-t-support-arbitrary-cuts-to-the-1-22b-police-budget-1.4977626 |access-date=June 13, 2020 |website=CP24 |language=en |archive-date=June 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613030940/https://www.cp24.com/news/tory-says-he-won-t-support-arbitrary-cuts-to-the-1-22b-police-budget-1.4977626 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Crime===
{{Main|Crime in Toronto}}
{{See also|Crime in Canada|Gun politics in Canada}}

The historically low [[crime statistics|crime rate]] in Toronto has resulted in the city having a reputation as one of the safest major cities in North America.<ref name="crime">{{cite web |author1=Statistics Canada |author2=The Daily |date=July 21, 2006 |title=Crime statistics |url=http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/050721/d050721a.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024034909/http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/050721/d050721a.htm |archive-date=October 24, 2008 |access-date=March 5, 2007}}</ref><ref name="crime1">{{cite web |title=Crime and Safety |url=http://www.torontoisms.com/guide/crime.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330145114/http://www.torontoisms.com/guide/crime.htm |archive-date=March 30, 2008 |website=Torontoisms}}</ref><ref name="crime2">{{cite web |date=December 26, 2007 |title=Despite rise, police say T.O. murder rate 'low' |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/despite-rise-police-say-t-o-murder-rate-low-1.268936 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227131358/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20071226/toronto_murderrate_071226/20071226?hub=TopStories |archive-date=December 27, 2009 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |website=Ctv.ca}}</ref> For instance, in 2007, the [[homicide]] rate for Toronto was 3.43 per 100,000 people, compared with Atlanta (19.7), Boston (10.3), Los Angeles (10.0), New York City (6.3), Vancouver (3.1), and Montreal (2.6). Toronto's robbery rate also ranks low, with 207.1 robberies per 100,000 people, compared with Los Angeles (348.5), Vancouver (266.2), New York City (265.9), and Montreal (235.3).<ref>{{cite web |title=FBI statistics 2008 |url=https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/08aprelim/table_4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412045124/http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/08aprelim/table_4.html |archive-date=April 12, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |website=Fbi.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Topping |first=David |date=July 22, 2008 |title=Metrocide: A History of Violence |url=http://torontoist.com/2008/07/metrocide_historical_homicides.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420012605/http://torontoist.com/2008/07/metrocide_historical_homicides.php |archive-date=April 20, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |website=Torontoist}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 15, 2009 |title=Story – News |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Vancouver+murder+rate+North+American+standards/1494291/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418193156/http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Vancouver%2Bmurder%2Brate%2BNorth%2BAmerican%2Bstandards/1494291/story.html |archive-date=April 18, 2009 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |work=Vancouver Sun |location=Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bilan chiffres A new |url=http://www.spvm.qc.ca/upload/documentations/Bilan_chiffres_Anglais.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724121111/http://www.spvm.qc.ca/upload/documentations/Bilan_chiffres_Anglais.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vancouver.ca |url=http://vancouver.ca/police/Planning/StatsDistrict/2007/20022007AnnualSummary.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701231530/https://vancouver.ca/police/Planning/StatsDistrict/2007/20022007AnnualSummary.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |access-date=April 17, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2007annrep_draft_daily_2008_03_26.xlsm |url=http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/publications/files/reports/2007statsreport.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415053927/http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/publications/files/reports/2007statsreport.pdf |archive-date=April 15, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |website=torontopolice.on.ca}}</ref>{{excessive citations inline|date=September 2023}} Toronto has a comparable rate of [[motor vehicle theft|car theft]] to various U.S. cities, although it is not among the highest in Canada.<ref name="crime" />

In 2005, Toronto media coined the term "Year of the Gun" because of a record number of gun-related homicides, 52 out of 80 homicides in total.<ref name="crime2" /><ref>{{cite web |title=CTV Toronto – Toronto sets a new record for gun-related carnage – CTV News, Shows and Sports – Canadian Television |url=http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20051227/homicide_year_051227/20051227?hub=TorontoHome |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227130849/http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20051227/homicide_year_051227/20051227?hub=TorontoHome |archive-date=December 27, 2009 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |website=Toronto.ctv.ca}}</ref> The total number of homicides dropped to 70 in 2006; that year, nearly 2,000 people in Toronto were victims of a violent gun-related crime, about one-quarter of the national total.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gun crime in Metro Vancouver highest per capita in Canada |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?k=19079&id=4b651ab1-e729-44a9-86d3-79a1ddc84689 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214043459/http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?k=19079&id=4b651ab1-e729-44a9-86d3-79a1ddc84689 |archive-date=February 14, 2009}}</ref> 86 homicides were committed in 2007, roughly half of which involved guns. Gang-related incidents have also been on the rise; between the years 1997 and 2005, over 300 gang-related homicides have occurred. As a result, the Ontario government developed an anti-gun strategy.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 25, 2005 |title=Ministry of the Attorney General – Backgrounder |url=http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/english/news/2005/20051025-gunviolence-bg.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701105835/http://www.attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca/english/news/2005/20051025-gunviolence-bg.asp |archive-date=July 1, 2009 |access-date=April 17, 2010 |website=Attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2011 |title=Toronto Police Service :: To Serve and Protect |url=http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/statistics/ytd_stats.php |access-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-date=June 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611112116/http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/statistics/ytd_stats.php}}</ref> In 2011, Toronto's murder rate plummeted to 51 murders—nearly a 26% drop from the previous year. The 51 homicides were the lowest number the city has recorded since 1999 when there were 47.<ref>{{cite news |last=Doucette |first=Chris |date=December 31, 2011 |title=Toronto murder rate plummets in 2011 |newspaper=Toronto Sun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2011/12/31/toronto-murder-rate-plummets-in-2011 |url-status=live |access-date=February 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403220644/http://www.torontosun.com/2011/12/31/toronto-murder-rate-plummets-in-2011 |archive-date=April 3, 2012}}</ref> While subsequent years did see a return to higher rates, it remained nearly flat line of 57–59 homicides in from 2012 to 2015. 2016 went to 75 for the first time in over eight years. 2017 had a drop off of 10 murders to close the year at 65, with a homicide rate of 2.4 per 100,000 population.<ref name="TPS2015YTD">{{cite web |date=November 23, 2015 |title=TPS Crime Statistics – {{resize|Year to Date Shootings & Homicides}} |url=http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/statistics/ytd_stats.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126002330/http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/statistics/ytd_stats.php |archive-date=November 26, 2015 |website=torontopolice.on.ca |publisher=[[Toronto Police Service]]}}</ref>

The total number of homicides in Toronto reached a record 98 in 2018; the number included fatalities from the [[2018 Toronto van attack|Toronto van attack]] and the [[2018 Toronto shooting|Danforth shooting]], which gave the city a homicide rate of around 3.6 per 100,000 people. The record year for murders was previously 1991, with 89, at a rate of 3.9 murders per 100,000 people.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rankin |first=Jim |date=November 18, 2018 |title=What Toronto's Homicide Record Means — And What We Can Do About It |work=Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/analysis/2018/11/18/what-torontos-homicide-record-means-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122100648/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/analysis/2018/11/18/what-torontos-homicide-record-means-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.html |archive-date=November 22, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Major Crime Indicators">{{Cite web |title=Major Crime Indicators |url=https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/major-crime-indicators |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=data.torontopolice.on.ca |language=en-us |archive-date=August 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811085819/https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/major-crime-indicators |url-status=live}}</ref> The 2018 homicide rate was higher than in [[Winnipeg]], [[Calgary]], [[Edmonton]], Vancouver, Ottawa, Montreal, [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], New York City, [[San Diego]], and [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beattie |first=Samantha |date=November 20, 2018 |title=Toronto Blows Past Winnipeg For Highest Homicide Rate In Canada |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/11/20/toronto-homicide-rate-murder_a_23594924/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121183909/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/11/20/toronto-homicide-rate-murder_a_23594924/ |archive-date=November 21, 2018 |access-date=March 27, 2019 |website=HuffPost Canada |language=en}}</ref> Homicides in 2019 dropped to 80 (a rate of 2.9 per 100,000 people) [[List of United States cities by crime rate|below the rate of most US cities]], but still higher than the Canadian average of 1.8.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=January 9, 2019 |title=Toronto 2019 Homicide Victim List - Homicide Canada |url=https://homicidecanada.com/toronto-2019-homicide-victim-list/ |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=homicidecanada.com |language=en-US |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002100655/https://homicidecanada.com/toronto-2019-homicide-victim-list/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shooting incidents also increased to an all-time high of 492 in 2019, even outpacing gun incidents that occurred in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shootings |url=https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/shootings |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=data.torontopolice.on.ca |language=en-us |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824150430/https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/shootings |url-status=live}}</ref> 2020 saw another decrease in homicides with the city having a total of 71 murders for the year (a rate of around 2.6 per 100,000 people).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homicide |url=https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/homicide |access-date=September 15, 2023 |website=data.torontopolice.on.ca |language=en-us |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824150429/https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/homicide |url-status=live}}</ref> However, in 2021, the city saw an increase in homicides, with the city murders increasing to 85, giving Toronto a homicide rate of 3.04 per 100,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/homicide |title=Homicide Overview |access-date=September 15, 2023 |archive-date=August 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824150429/https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/homicide |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1317685/homicide-rate-toronto-canada/ |title=Homicide rate in Toronto, Ontario in Canada between 2000 and 2021 |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-date=December 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220142740/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1317685/homicide-rate-toronto-canada/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A decrease in murders happened the following year with 71 being reported in 2022 (a murder rate of 2.5 per 100,000), which was then followed by a slight increase in homicides with 73 being reported in 2023, giving the city a murder rate of 2.6 per 100,000 people, along with a record 12,143 reports of auto theft in the year.<ref name="Major Crime Indicators"/> 2024 saw another increase in homicides with 85 being reported in the year, giving the city a homicide rate of around 3.04 per 100,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homicide |url=https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/homicide |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=data.torontopolice.on.ca |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shooting and Firearm Discharge |url=https://data.torontopolice.on.ca/pages/shootings |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=data.torontopolice.on.ca |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Transportation ==
{{Main|Transportation in Toronto}}
[[File:Toronto Bike Lanes (Sherbourne Street) Bandes cyclables de Toronto (rue Sherbourne) (38301287985).jpg|thumb|A roadway with [[bike lane]]s. A public bus service operated by the [[Toronto Transit Commission]] is visible in the background.]]
Toronto is a central transportation hub for road, rail, and air networks in Southern Ontario. The city has many forms of transport, including [[400-series highways|highways]] and [[public transportation in Toronto|public transit]]. Toronto also has an extensive [[Cycling in Toronto|network of bicycle lanes]] and multi-use trails and paths.

=== Public transportation ===
{{Main|Public transportation in Toronto}}
Toronto's primary public transportation system is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).<ref name="autogenerated1" /> The backbone of its public transport network is the [[Toronto subway]] system, which includes three heavy-rail rapid transit lines spanning the city, including the U-shaped [[Line 1 Yonge–University|Line 1]], east–west [[Line 2 Bloor–Danforth|Line 2]], and the short east–west [[Line 4 Sheppard|Line 4]] with Line 1 extending as far beyond city limits as [[Vaughan Metropolitan Centre]].
[[File:Flexity_Outlook_(Toronto_streetcar);_September_2019.jpg|thumb|A [[Toronto streetcar system|TTC streetcar]] on King Street. The streetcar system is the largest and busiest such system in North America.]]
The TTC also operates an extensive network of [[Toronto Transit Commission bus system|buses]] and [[Toronto streetcar system|streetcars]], with the latter serving the downtown core and buses serving many parts of the city not served by the sparse subway network. TTC buses and streetcars use the same fare system as the subway, and many subway stations offer a fare-paid area for transfers between rail and surface vehicles.
[[File:TTC Rosedale Station in Toronto - (20180909173532).jpg|thumb|A [[Toronto subway|TTC subway]] for [[Line 1 Yonge–University]] at [[Rosedale station (Toronto)|Rosedale station]]]]
There have been numerous plans to extend the subway and implement light-rail lines, but budgetary concerns have thwarted many efforts. By November 2011, construction on [[Line 5 Eglinton]] began. Line 5 is scheduled to finish construction by 2024.<ref name="CityNews-2023-05-16">{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Ranger |url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/05/16/eglinton-crosstown-metrolinx-ttc-crosslinx/ |title=Eglinton Crosstown won't open until 2024, construction group to take legal action: Metrolinx |website=CityNews |date=May 16, 2023 |access-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-date=May 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163903/https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/05/16/eglinton-crosstown-metrolinx-ttc-crosslinx/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, the Ontario government promised to fund [[Line 6 Finch West]], which is to be completed by 2024. In 2019, the Government of Ontario released a transit plan for the Greater Toronto Area which includes a new {{convert|16|km|adj=on}} [[Ontario Line]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Line – Projects {{!}} Metrolinx |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/ontario-line.aspx |access-date=July 21, 2020 |website=www.metrolinx.com |archive-date=June 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617170215/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/ontario-line.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Line 1 extension to [[Richmond Hill Centre Terminal|Richmond Hill Centre]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region – Yonge Subway Extension |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/yonge-subway-extension.aspx |access-date=July 21, 2020 |website=www.metrolinx.com |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417165641/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/yonge-subway-extension.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> a Line 2 extension to Sheppard Avenue / McCowan Road to replace [[Line 3 Scarborough|Line 3]], and an extension for Line 5 Eglinton to Toronto Pearson Airport.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Spurr |first1=Ben |date=April 19, 2018 |title=Finch LRT delayed another year {{!}} The Star |language=en |newspaper=The Toronto Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2018/04/19/finch-lrt-delayed-another-year.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904032429/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2018/04/19/finch-lrt-delayed-another-year.html |archive-date=September 4, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eglinton Crosstown West Extension – Projects {{!}} Metrolinx |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/eglinton-crosstown-west.aspx |access-date=July 21, 2020 |website=www.metrolinx.com |archive-date=March 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310090152/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/eglinton-crosstown-west.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref>

Toronto's century-old [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]] is also getting a major renovation and upgrade which would be able to accommodate more rail traffic from [[GO Transit rail services|GO Transit]], [[Via Rail]], [[Union Pearson Express|UP Express]] and [[Amtrak]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region – Union Station |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/unionstation.aspx |access-date=July 21, 2020 |website=www.metrolinx.com |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812042759/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/unionstation.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Construction on a new [[Union Station Bus Terminal]] is also in the works with an expected completion in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metrolinx: For a Greater Region – The new Union Station Bus Terminal |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/unionstation-bus-terminal.aspx |access-date=July 21, 2020 |website=www.metrolinx.com |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721072121/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/greaterregion/projects/unionstation-bus-terminal.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Toronto's public transit network also connects to other municipal networks such as [[York Region Transit]], [[Viva Rapid Transit|Viva]], [[Durham Region Transit]], [[Brampton Transit]], and [[MiWay]].

The Government of Ontario operates a [[Commuter rail|regional rail]] and bus transit system called [[GO Transit]] in the Greater Toronto Area. GO Transit carries over 250,000 passengers every weekday (2013) and 57 million annually, with a majority of them travelling to or from Union Station.<ref name="GO Numbers">{{cite web |title=Info to GO |url=http://www.gotransit.com/public/en/docs/publications/Info%20To%20GO_2011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306013516/http://www.gotransit.com/public/en/docs/publications/Info%20To%20GO_2011.pdf |archive-date=March 6, 2012 |access-date=May 24, 2011 |website=GO Transit}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lewington |first1=Jennifer |last2=McLeod |first2=Lori |date=November 2007 |title=Underground mall in store for Union Station makeover |work=Globe and Mail |location=Toronto |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/underground-mall-in-store-for-union-station-makeover/article698642/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103221038/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/underground-mall-in-store-for-union-station-makeover/article698642/ |archive-date=November 3, 2015}}</ref> [[Metrolinx]] is currently implementing [[GO Transit Regional Express Rail|Regional Express Rail]] into its GO Transit network and plans to electrify many of its rail lines by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metrolinx Regional Express Rail |url=http://www.metrolinx.com/en/regionalplanning/rer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408080943/http://www.metrolinx.com/en/regionalplanning/rer/ |archive-date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=May 1, 2015 |website=www.metrolinx.com |publisher=Metrolinx}}</ref>
[[File:Skyscrapers by railway station (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|The [[Union Station Rail Corridor]] at [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]]. The corridor is used by [[commuter rail|commuter]] and [[intercity rail]] services.]]

=== Intercity transportation ===
[[Union Station (Toronto)|Toronto Union Station]] serves as a hub for VIA Rail's intercity services in Central Canada and includes services to various parts of Ontario, ''Corridor'' services to Montreal and national capital Ottawa, and long-distance services to Vancouver and New York City.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://torontounion.ca/visit/ |title=Visit – Toronto Union Station |website=Torontounion.ca |date=May 16, 2019 |access-date=December 29, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230031416/https://torontounion.ca/visit/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

GO Transit provides intercity bus services from the Union Station Bus Terminal and other bus terminals in the city to destinations within the Golden Horseshoe. Long-distance [[intercity coach service]]s by multiple companies also operated from the Union Station Bus Terminal and provide a network of services to further cities in Ontario, neighbouring provinces, and the United States. The [[Toronto Coach Terminal]] formerly served as the city's intercity coach hub from 1931 to 2021, when the terminal was decommissioned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/toronto-s-bay-street-bus-terminal-reaches-the-end-of-the-line/article_de501ce7-8020-5984-8ed6-64b43addc019.html |website=www.thestar.com |date=June 9, 2021 |last=Spurr |first=Ben |title=Toronto's Bay Street bus terminal reaches the end of the line |publisher=Toronto Star Newspaper |access-date=September 24, 2023 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002101051/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/toronto-s-bay-street-bus-terminal-reaches-the-end-of-the-line/article_de501ce7-8020-5984-8ed6-64b43addc019.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Airports ===
[[File:Pearson International.JPG|thumb|Interior of [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]]'s Terminal 1. Toronto Pearson serves as the [[international airport]] for the [[Greater Toronto Area]].]]

Canada's busiest airport, [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: YYZ), straddles the city's western boundary with the suburban city of Mississauga. The Union Pearson Express (UP Express) train service provides a direct link between Pearson International and Union Station. It began carrying passengers in June 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.torontopearson.com/en/corporate/who-we-are |title=Who we are |publisher=[[Toronto Pearson International Airport]] |access-date=December 29, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230030621/https://www.torontopearson.com/en/corporate/who-we-are |url-status=live}}</ref>{{bsn|date=June 2024}}

Limited commercial and passenger service to nearby destinations in Canada and the United States is offered from the [[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport]] (IATA: YTZ) on the Toronto Islands, southwest of downtown. [[Downsview Airport]] (IATA: YZD), near the city's north end, is owned by [[de Havilland Canada]] and serves the [[Bombardier Aviation]] aircraft factory.

Within a few hours' drive, Hamilton's [[John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport|John C. Munro International Airport]] (IATA: YHM) and Buffalo's [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport]] (IATA: BUF) serve as alternate airports for the Toronto area in addition to serving their respective cities. A [[Pickering Airport Lands|secondary international airport]], to be located northeast of Toronto in [[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering]], has been planned by the Government of Canada.

=== Streets and highways ===
[[File:Highway 401 Densification.jpg|thumb|[[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] is a [[400-series highways|400-series highway]] that passes west to east through Greater Toronto. Toronto's portion of Highway 401 is the busiest highway in North America.]]
The grid of major city streets was laid out by a [[concession road]] system, in which major [[arterial road]]s are {{convert|6600|ft|km|1|abbr=on}} apart (with some exceptions, particularly in Scarborough and Etobicoke, as they used a different survey). Major east-west arterial roads are generally parallel with the Lake Ontario shoreline, and major north–south arterial roads are roughly perpendicular to the shoreline, though slightly angled north of Eglinton Avenue. This arrangement is sometimes broken by geographical accidents, most notably the Don River ravines. Toronto's grid north is approximately 18.5° to the west of true north. Many arterials, particularly north–south ones, due to the city originally being within the former [[York County, Ontario|York County]], continue beyond the city into the [[Area code 905|905 suburbs]] and further into the rural countryside.

There are several municipal [[limited-access road|expressways]] and [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network|provincial highways]] that serve Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area. In particular, [[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] bisects the city from west to east, bypassing the downtown core. It is the busiest road in North America,<ref name="fhwa">{{cite report |url=https://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |title=Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada |last=Maier |first=Hanna |date=October 9, 2007 |publisher=Federal Highway Administration |quote=The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with an average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004, and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000. |access-date=May 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527124628/http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |url-status=live |website=[[Federal Highway Administration|Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)]] |section=Chapter 2}}</ref>
and one of the busiest highways in the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=August 6, 2002 |title=Ontario government investing $401 million to upgrade Highway 401 |url=http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070914064434/http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html |archive-date=September 14, 2007 |access-date=March 18, 2007 |website=ogov.newswire.ca |publisher=[[Ministry of Transportation of Ontario|Ontario Ministry of Transportation]] |quote=Highway 401 is one of the busiest highways in the world and represents a vital link in Ontario's transportation infrastructure, carrying more than 400,000 vehicles per day through Toronto.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Brian Gray |date=April 10, 2004 |title=GTA Economy Dinged by Every Crash on the 401 – North America's Busiest Freeway |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]], transcribed at Urban Planet |url=http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459 |url-status=live |access-date=March 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227131438/http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459 |archive-date=December 27, 2009 |quote=The "phenomenal" number of vehicles on Hwy. 401 as it cuts through Toronto makes it the busiest freeway in the world...}}</ref> Other provincial highways include [[Ontario Highway 400|Highway 400]], which connects the city with Northern Ontario and beyond and [[Ontario Highway 404|Highway 404]], an extension of the [[Don Valley Parkway]] into the northern suburbs. The [[Queen Elizabeth Way]] (QEW), North America's first divided intercity highway, terminates at Toronto's western boundary and connects Toronto to [[Niagara Falls]] and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]. The main municipal expressways in Toronto include the [[Gardiner Expressway]], the Don Valley Parkway, and, to some extent, [[Allen Road]]. Toronto's traffic congestion is one of the highest in North America, and is the second highest in Canada after Vancouver.<ref>{{cite web |title=TomTom Congestion Index: North America |url=https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/list?citySize=LARGE&continent=NA&country=ALL |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616060403/https://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/list?citySize=LARGE&continent=NA&country=ALL |archive-date=June 16, 2017 |access-date=September 13, 2017 |website=tomtom.com}}</ref>

== Sister cities ==
{{Main|Sister cities of Toronto}}

===Partnership cities===
{{col div}}
* [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], United States (1991)<ref name="relationships">{{Cite web |url=https://www.toronto.ca/business-economy/business-operation-growth/international-alliance-program/ |title=International Alliance Program |date=July 14, 2017 |website=City of Toronto |language=en-CA |access-date=June 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623170347/https://www.toronto.ca/business-economy/business-operation-growth/international-alliance-program/ |archive-date=June 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Chongqing]], China (1986)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Frankfurt]], Germany (1989)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Milan]], Italy (2003)<ref name="relationships"/>
{{col div end}}

===Friendship cities===
{{col div}}
* [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam (2006)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Kyiv]], Ukraine (1992)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Quito]], Ecuador (2006)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil (2015)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Sagamihara]], Japan (1991)<ref name="relationships"/>
* [[Warsaw]], Poland (1990)<ref name="relationships"/>
{{col div end}}

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Toronto}}

==See also==
{{portal|border=no|Ontario|Cities|Canada}}
* [[Outline of Toronto]] (extensive topic list)
* [[Great Lakes megalopolis]]
* [[Largest cities in the Americas]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in the Americas]]


==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em |refs=
<ref name="sc-geo-profile-to">{{cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CSD-eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=eng&GK=CSD&GC=3520005 |title=Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census: Toronto, City (CSD) – Ontario: Immigration and Ethnocultural diversity |access-date=October 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108124945/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-CSD-eng.cfm?TOPIC=7&LANG=eng&GK=CSD&GC=3520005 |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="sc-profile-to">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=3520005&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=3 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Toronto, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Canada [Country] |access-date=October 31, 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{cite book |first=Keith |last=Dinnie |title=City Branding: Theory and Cases |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dW69d3qY9h8C&pg=PA21 |year=2011 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24185-5}}
* {{cite book |first=Hazel |last=Duffy |year=2004 |title=Competitive Cities: Succeeding in the Global Economy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9wIBVb8Q9AC&pg=PA154 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-36231-0 |access-date=February 21, 2016 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914171843/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9wIBVb8Q9AC&pg=PA154 |url-status=live}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Firth |editor1-first=Edith G. |title=The Town of York 1793–1815: A Collection of Documents of Early Toronto (Ontario Series) |date=1962 |publisher=The Publications of the Champlain Society |doi=10.3138/9781442617940 |isbn=978-1-4426-1794-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Gibson |first=Sally |title=Toronto's Distillery District: history by the lake |year=2008 |publisher=Cityscape Holdings Inc. and Dundee Distillery District (GP) Commercial Inc. |isbn=978-0-9809905-0-8}}
*{{cite book |title=Pioneer Settlements in Upper Canada |last=Guillet |first=Edwin C. |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |orig-year=1933 |date=1969 |isbn=978-0802061102}}
* {{cite book |last=Hounsom |first=Eric Wilfrid |year=1970 |title=Toronto in 1810 |publisher=Ryerson Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0-7700-0311-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Johansen Aase |first=Emily |year=2014 |title=Cosmopolitanism and Place: Spatial Forms in Contemporary Anglophone Literature |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York City, NY, USA |isbn=978-1-137-40266-0}}
* {{cite book |first1=James Keith |last1=Johnson |first2=Bruce G. |last2=Wilson |title=Historical Essays on Upper Canada: New Perspectives |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-88629-070-2}}
* {{cite book |first1=Barbara |last1=Myrvold |first2=Curtis |last2=Fahey |title=The people of Scarborough : a history |publisher=Scarborough Public Library Board |location=Scarborough, Ont. |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-9683086-0-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Robertson |first=John Ross |year=1894 |title=Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto: A Collection of Historical Sketches of the Old Town of York from 1792 Until 1837, and of Toronto from 1834 to 1894 |publisher=J. Ross Robertson |location=Toronto}}
*{{cite book |last=Schmalz |first=Peter S. |title=The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario |year=1991 |publisher=University of Toronto Press{{!}} |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0-8020-6778-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/ojibwaofsouthern0000schm}}
*{{cite book |editor-first=R. F. |editor-last=Williamson |title=Toronto: An Illustrated History of its First 12,000 Years |location=Toronto, Ontario |publisher=James Lorimer |year=2008}}
*{{cite web |url=http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/toronto_e.php |title=The real story of how Toronto got its name |publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]] |access-date=April 17, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109063329/http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography-boundary/geographical-name/geoname-origins/5697 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |ref={{harvid|Natural Resources Canada}}}}
*{{cite web |url=http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/cap_e.php |title=Canada, Provinces & Territories: The naming of their capital cities |publisher=Natural Resources Canada |access-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211051722/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/cap_e.php |archive-date=December 11, 2011 |ref={{harvid|Natural Resources Canada: Canada, Provinces & Territories: The naming of their capital cities}}}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |first1=Howard |last1=Akler |first2=Sarah |last2=Hood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9INeDSqwJ1MC&q=Toronto&pg=PA1 |title=Toronto: The Unknown City |publisher=Arsenal Pulp Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-55152-146-6 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914171915/https://books.google.com/books?id=9INeDSqwJ1MC&q=Toronto&pg=PA1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Careless |first=J.M.S. |author-link=J. M. S. Careless |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008050 |title=Toronto |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada |access-date=December 3, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060103123419/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008050 |archive-date=January 3, 2006}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7V5-PlPhwnAC&q=Toronto&pg=PP1 |title=Toronto to 1918: An Illustrated History |first=J. M. S |last=Careless |publisher=J. Lorimer and National Museum of Man |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-88862-665-3 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914171844/https://books.google.com/books?id=7V5-PlPhwnAC&q=Toronto&pg=PP1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |year=2007 |title=Ultimate Inline Skating Guide to Toronto v1.5 |url=https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&output=nl&msid=105047441964785653381.0000011358da39f6cf7dd |format=Google Earth |access-date=July 7, 2007 |archive-date=October 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025025337/http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&output=nl&msid=105047441964785653381.0000011358da39f6cf7dd |url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |author-link=Mike Filey |last=Filey |first=Mike |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToQcKz0DFM4C&q=Toronto&pg=PP1 |title=Toronto: the way we were |publisher=[[Dundurn Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-55002-842-3 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914172344/https://books.google.com/books?id=ToQcKz0DFM4C&q=Toronto&pg=PP1 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |last=Fulford |first=Robert |year=1995 |title=Accidental city: the transformation of Toronto |publisher=Macfarlane, Walter & Ross |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0-921912-91-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/accidentalcitytr00fulf}} Also {{ISBN|1-55199-010-5}} (paperback).
* {{cite book |first=Richard |last=Harris |title=Unplanned Suburbs: Toronto's American Tragedy, 1900 to 1950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EF2uN3v0i9gC |date=October 7, 1999 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-0-8018-6282-3 |access-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914172344/https://books.google.com/books?id=EF2uN3v0i9gC |url-status=live}}
* The novel "[[In the Skin of a Lion]]" by [[Michael Ondaatje]] depicts Toronto in the 1920s, giving prominence to the construction of Toronto landmarks, such as the [[Prince Edward Viaduct]] and the [[R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant]], and focusing on the lives of the immigrant workers.
* {{Cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=Robert |last2=Bram |first2=Leon |last3=Dickey |first3=Norma |year=1971 |title=Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |location=New York |volume=23 |isbn=978-0-8343-0025-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rayburn |first=Alan |year=2001 |title=Naming Canada: stories about Canadian place names |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-8020-8293-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aiUZMOypNB4C&q=Naming%20Canada%3A%20stories%20about%20Canadian%20place%20names&pg=PP1 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914172345/https://books.google.com/books?id=aiUZMOypNB4C&q=Naming%20Canada%3A%20stories%20about%20Canadian%20place%20names&pg=PP1 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |author=Statistics Canada |year=2003 |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title=Toronto |work=Statistics Canada. 2002. 2001 Community Profiles. |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] Catalogue no. 93F0053XIE |access-date=December 3, 2005 |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022220053/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3520005&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=toronto&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web |author=City of Toronto |url=http://www.toronto.ca/economic_profile/index.htm |title=Toronto's Economic Profile |publisher=City of Toronto |access-date=May 30, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619141654/http://www.toronto.ca/economic_profile/index.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2006}}
* {{Cite book |first=Carolyn |last=Whitzman |title=Suburb, slum, urban village: transformations in Toronto's Parkdale neighbourhood, 1875–2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dcyQvnb0EiEC |year=2009 |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0-7748-1535-2 |access-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-date=September 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914172345/https://books.google.com/books?id=dcyQvnb0EiEC |url-status=live}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Toronto|v=no|n=Portal:Toronto, Ontario|voy=Toronto|s=no|b=no}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{OSM relation|324211}}

{{Geographic location
|Center=Toronto
|North=[[Vaughan]], [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]
|Northeast=
|East=[[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering]]
|Southeast=
|South=''[[Lake Ontario]]''
|Southwest=
|West=[[Mississauga]]
|Northwest=[[Brampton]]
}}
{{Toronto}}
{{Navboxes|list =
{{Greater Toronto Area}}
{{Subdivisions of Ontario}}
{{Canada capitals}}
{{Toronto landmarks}}
{{Toronto Neighbourhoods}}
{{Museums and galleries in Toronto}}
{{Paralympic Summer Games Host Cities}}
{{Pan American Games host cities}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toronto}}
[[Category:Toronto| ]]
[[Category:1834 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:Cities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Former colonial capitals in Canada]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1793]]
[[Category:Populated places on Lake Ontario in Canada]]
[[Category:Port settlements in Ontario]]
[[Category:Single-tier municipalities in Ontario]]

Hamilton Stadium

2025-02-05T14:24:14Z

Hcoder3104:

{{short description|Multi-purpose stadium in Hamilton, Canada}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = Tim Hortons Field
| nickname = ''The Donut Box''
| logo_image = File:Tim_Hortons_Field_logo.svg
| image = Tim Hortons Field in Hamilton, Ontario 2023 - Quintin Soloviev.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Tim Hortons Field interior, 2023
| address = 64 Melrose Avenue North
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| coordinates = {{coord|43|15|7.612|N|79|49|48.359|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario#Ontario#Canada
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Southern Ontario]]##Location in [[Ontario]]##Location in [[Canada]]
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label = Tim Hortons Field
| pushpin_mapsize = 250
| owner = City of Hamilton
| operator = Hamilton Sports Group
| broke_ground = November 2012{{fact|date=August 2024}}
| opened = September 1, 2014
| dimensions = [[Association football|Soccer]]: {{convert|110|m|yd|abbr=on}} x {{convert|68|m|yd|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=charliejclarke |first=Charlie |last=O'Connor-Clarke |number=1781355148364726601 |title=There is now. Tim Hortons Field both the longest and joint-widest in the league, TD Place the narrowest, Starlight and Princess Auto the smallest in total area. |date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=April 19, 2024}}</ref>
| surface = FieldTurf Revolution
| construction_cost = [[Canadian dollar|$]]145.7 million
| architect = Cannon
| tenants = [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] ([[Canadian Football League|CFL]]) 2014–present [[Hamilton Hurricanes]] ([[Canadian Junior Football League|CJFL]]) 2014–present [[Forge FC]] ([[Canadian Premier League|CPL]]) 2019–present 
[[Mohawk College Soccer]] ([[OCAA]]) 2022–present [[Hamilton United]] ([[League1 Ontario|L1O]]) 2023–present (select matches)
| seating_capacity = 23,218<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1012805090971877381|user=TicatsPR|title=A sell-out crowd will be on hand for the home opener tonight. Fans will notice there is no longer field side seatin… |date=June 29, 2018}}</ref>
| record_attendance = 28,808 ([[110th Grey Cup]])
| website =
}}

'''Tim Hortons Field''' ({{langx|fr|Terrain Tim Hortons}}), nicknamed "'''The Donut Box'''", is a [[multi-purpose stadium]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]. Completed in 2014 with a capacity of 22,500, it was built as a replacement on the same site as the [[Ivor Wynne Stadium]], which had been there since 1930. It is primarily used for [[Canadian football]] and soccer, and is the home of the [[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]] of the [[Canadian Football League]] and [[Forge FC]] of the [[Canadian Premier League]], amongst other teams.

The stadium has also played host to the international soccer tournament at the [[Football at the 2015 Pan American Games|2015 Pan American Games]] as well as various other sports and music concerts.

==History==
===Background===
The former stadium on the site of the {{em|Tim Hortons Field}} had been in use for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats,<ref name=pan>{{cite web|title=Pan/Parapan News|url=http://www.panam2015.gov.on.ca/en/news.asp|work=Pan/Parapan American Games|publisher=Government of Ontario|access-date=June 21, 2013|date=June 7, 2013|archive-date=June 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629120633/http://www.panam2015.gov.on.ca/en/news.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Canadian Football team since 1930. Originally called the 'Civic Stadium' ([[Ivor Wynne Stadium]]), it was in use until 2012. Whilst, the [[Hamilton Steelers (1958–1967)|Hamilton Steelers]] soccer team had played in the stadium since 1961 in the [[Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League]]. By 2011, the local councilors voted to partially demolish and renovate the stadium for the use of football and soccer as well as the then upcoming [[2015 Pan American Games]] in the [[Greater Toronto Area]], and they temporarily renamed the stadium ''CIBC Hamilton Pan Am Soccer Stadium''. The original plan was for a budget of {{CAD|115 million|link=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ticats.ca/page/history_ivorwynne |title= Ivor Wynne Stadium: History |publisher= Hamilton Tiger-Cats |access-date= 2013-11-24 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130101052341/http://www.ticats.ca/page/history_ivorwynne |archive-date= January 1, 2013 |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/cfl/hamilton-votes-for-a-city-report-on-renovating-ivor-wynne-1.1011546 |title= Hamilton votes for a city report on renovating Ivor Wynne |date=2011-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/stadium-profile/| website=forgefc.canpl.ca| title=Tim Hortons Field| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

====Financial details====
In July 2013, a ten-year sponsorship deal was put in place with [[Tim Hortons]], who acquired the stadium's [[naming rights]]. The coffee beverage fast food chain was founded only a few blocks away from the stadium that originated in Hamilton some fifty years earlier.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/3889659-new-hamilton-stadium-to-be-called-tim-hortons-field/|title=New Hamilton stadium to be called Tim Hortons Field|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |publisher=TheSpec.com|date= July 11, 2013|access-date=July 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://company.timhortons.com/us/en/corporate/news-release.php?id=5795| website=company.timhortons.com| title=Tiger-Cats, Tim Hortons| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> The stadium's nickname is "the donut box",<ref>{{cite news|title=Grant gets the first TD at The Donut Box |url=https://www.thespec.com/sports/ticats/2014/09/01/grant-gets-the-first-td-at-the-donut-box.html|newspaper=Hamilton Spectator|date=September 2, 2014|access-date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> a reference to the links to the coffee chain and the rectangle shape of the stands layout.

The final financial details planned were that the stadium was built at a total cost of $145 million. The city of Hamilton contributed $54 million, the province of Ontario, $22 million, and the federal government of Canada, $69 million. Then, in 2014, the Tiger-Cats agreed to pay $1.2 million a year on a 20-year lease to be a tenant.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/3889891-goodbye-ivor-wynne-hello-tim-hortons-field/|title=Goodbye Ivor Wynne, hello Tim Hortons Field|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |publisher=TheSpec.com|date= July 12, 2013|access-date=July 14, 2013}}</ref>

===Stadium development===
In 2012, the 2015 Pan-Am organizers indicated that, due to financial constraints, they would be shifting their focus toward venues and "clusters" that could be used for multiple events, which might eliminate the need for a new stadium that would be used only for soccer, and they proposed another stadium on the campus of York University, tentatively named [[York Athletics Stadium]], to host the track and field events. That, coupled with a scheduling process that had soccer and [[rugby sevens]] events on different days (thus opening the possibility that Toronto's [[BMO Field]], which would house the rugby sevens contests in 2015 might also be able to host the soccer contests), had the potential to put the Hamilton stadium project in jeopardy. Nonetheless, the Hamilton stadium project went forward as planned.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Initial plans for the stadium were for it to be a principal Pan American stadium for soccer and track and field/athletics events. However, disputes between the Tiger-Cats owner, [[Bob Young (businessman)|Bob Young]], the organizers of the 2015 Pan American Games, and the [[Hamilton, Ontario|City of Hamilton]] arose over the location of the stadium,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/668370 |title=Pan Ams will leave lasting legacy |date=November 9, 2009 |first=Daniel |last=Nolan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109222641/http://www.thespec.com/News/Local/article/668370 |archive-date=November 9, 2009|work=Hamilton Spectator}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsn.ca/cfl/story/?id=330193 |title=Ticats have no interest in playing at West Harbour |publisher=The Sports Network |access-date=October 28, 2012}}</ref> among other things, including whether or not a running track should be built around the proposed stadium in Hamilton.{{fact|date=August 2024}} The plan was for the construction of the stadium in the Toronto GTA Steel Town to coincide with the Pan-Am Games, and all of the 32 men's and [[Women's association football|women's soccer]] games were played in the venue.<ref name=pan/>

===Construction and opening===
[[File:Lions at Tiger-Cats 2014.jpg|thumb|left|Stadium in October 2014, prior to the completion of the upper deck]]
The design was by architects [[CannonDesign]] and engineered by the [[Arup Group]], amongst other companies involved in its construction. There are officially 22,500 seats, with the potential of further expanding the stands.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.waltersgroupinc.com/project/tim-hortons-field/| website=waltersgroupinc.com| title=Tim Hortons Field| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> Completed between 2013-2014, the stadium can expand to a potential capacity of up to more than 40,000 seats for special events (such as hosting a [[Grey Cup]] contest) in the future.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/62573DD0-B31E-43CC-913A-D37BFCB2F37D/0/QandAHamiltonPanAmSoccerStadiumNov2012.pdf |title=Hamilton Pan Am Soccer Stadium Q&A's |publisher=hamilton.ca |access-date=May 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712235627/http://www.hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/62573DD0-B31E-43CC-913A-D37BFCB2F37D/0/QandAHamiltonPanAmSoccerStadiumNov2012.pdf }}</ref> The design of the new stadium also increased the width of the field to accommodate soccer games by meeting FIFA's international standards for [[association football pitch|soccer pitch]]es; reoriented the playing field from east–west to a north–south orientation; increased the seat width and leg room/corridor space to make it one of the most spacious among Canadian sports venues; incorporated extensive wireless communications infrastructure and washroom facilities; as well as adding [[luxury box]]es, and other modern amenities. The field surface is FIFA- and CFL-approved [[artificial turf]].<ref name="auto"/> The stadium opened in 2014, two months after its original anticipated completion date of June 30.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chch.com/tim-hortons-field-finally-finished-but-hamilton-officials-low-key/|title=Tim Hortons Field finally finished, but Hamilton officials low-key|website=Chch.com|date=May 14, 2015 |access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref>

The CFL's [[Toronto Argonauts]] played two home games at Tim Hortons Field in 2015, due to clashes with the MLB's [[Toronto Blue Jays]] playoffs games. The stadium has also occasionally hosted special games for Hamilton's amateur football teams; the [[Hamilton Hurricanes]] of the [[Canadian Junior Football League]] played a game in the stadium in 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ticats.ca/the-path-less-travelled-from-cjfl-to-cfl/|title=The path less travelled: From CJFL to CFL|publisher=Hamilton Tiger-Cats|website=ticats.ca|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=July 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707105712/https://ticats.ca/the-path-less-travelled-from-cjfl-to-cfl/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[McMaster Marauders football]] team played its 2016 [[Labour Day Classic|Labour Day contest]] at the field in a doubleheader with the Tiger-Cats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://3downnation.com/2016/05/03/ticats-partner-with-mac-to-supersize-labour-day/|title=Ticats partner with Mac to supersize Labour Day|author=|date=May 3, 2016|website=3downnation.com|access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> The Hurricanes returned to the field twice in 2017, the latter being its own Labour Day contest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ticats.ca/tiger-cats-to-host-two-hamilton-hurricanes-games-at-tim-hortons-field/|title=Tiger-Cats to Host Two Hamilton Hurricanes Games at Tim Hortons Field|website=ticats.ca|publisher=Hamilton Tiger-Cats|access-date=September 10, 2017|archive-date=July 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707113732/https://ticats.ca/tiger-cats-to-host-two-hamilton-hurricanes-games-at-tim-hortons-field/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In January 2015, [[U Sports football|U Sports]] awarded Tim Hortons Field hosting rights to the [[52nd Vanier Cup|52nd]] and [[53rd Vanier Cup]], held in November 2016 and November 2017 respectively.<ref>[https://presto-en.usports.ca/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/vc16 CIS football: Hamilton to host Vanier Cup in 2016 and 2017] from [[U Sports|Canadian Interuniversity Sport]], January 18, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2016.</ref>

In 2019, Tim Hortons Field hosted the [[Canadian Premier League inaugural match]] in April for [[Forge FC]], the stadium's new tenant,<ref>{{cite news|first=Steve |last=Milton |url=https://www.thespec.com/sports-story/9149888-hamilton-s-forge-fc-will-host-league-inaugural-game-at-tim-hortons-field/ |title=Hamilton's Forge FC will host league inaugural game at Tim Hortons Field |newspaper=Hamilton Spectator |date=January 29, 2019 |access-date=February 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zamperin |first1=Rick |title=New Canadian Premier League kicks off in Hamilton |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5211448/new-canadian-premier-league-hamilton/ |website=Global News |access-date=January 16, 2021 |date=April 27, 2019}}</ref> and the first ever [[Canadian Premier League Finals|CPL Finals]] match in October.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Molinaro |first1=John |title=Highlights: Borges, Carducci shine in red-card laden Leg 1 tilt (EN/FR) |url=https://canpl.ca/article/recap-borges-carducci-shine-in-red-card-laden-leg-1-tilt |website=Canadian Premier League |access-date=January 16, 2021 |date=October 26, 2019}}</ref>

=== Construction issues ===
Following the stadium opening in 2014 there had been numerous issues regarding the quality of the construction. The City of Hamilton subsequently spent upwards of $2.5 million in fixes and safety repairs<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3440863/hamiltons-tim-hortons-field-needs-more-repairs/|title=Tim Hortons Field needs more repairs: Hamilton councillor|work=900 CHML|access-date=May 11, 2017|language=en}}</ref> including replacing rain-damaged television screens and faulty baby-changing tables, installing draft beer lines, improving ventilation, sealing leaky expansion joints and repairing faulty floor drains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://3downnation.com/2017/05/10/city-hamilton-hook-another-500k-stadium-repairs/|title=City of Hamilton on the hook for another $500k in stadium repairs|author=|date=May 10, 2017|website=3DownNation|access-date=May 11, 2017}}</ref>

=== Renaming ===
On December 18th, 2024, it was announced that the stadium would go through a name-changing process.<ref name=CHCH>{{cite web|title=Tim Hortons Field to have a new name in 2025|url=https://www.chch.com/chch-news/tim-hortons-field-to-have-a-new-name-in-2025/|first=Michael|last=To|work=[[CHCH-DT|CHCH]]|access-date=December 18, 2023|date=December 18, 2024}}</ref> The new name has not been announced {{as of|2024|12|df=us|lc=y}}, and the stadium is currently being referred to as '''Hamilton Stadium''' by the occupying teams.

==Ownership==
As of 2022, the stadium's tenants entered a new ownership. The current master license agreement for Tim Hortons Field is now being held by the Hamilton Sports Group (HSG), a partnership that owns and operates the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the CFL and Forge FC of the CPL. This group is led by businessman Bob Young, who serves as the chairman and is HSG's largest single shareholder, and also includes Hamilton-based steel company [[Stelco]], CEO Scott Mitchell, and [[Woodbine Entertainment Group|Woodbine Entertainment]] CEO [[Jim Lawson (sports executive)|Jim Lawson]]. The Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Forge FC are tenants of Tim Hortons Field and play their home games at the stadium.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/cfl/article/tiger-cats-forge-fc-announce-new-hamilton-sports-group-ownership-structure/ |title=Tiger-Cats, Forge FC announce new Hamilton Sports Group ownership structure |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |website=[[Sportsnet]] |date=January 2, 2022 |access-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126103528/https://www.sportsnet.ca/cfl/article/tiger-cats-forge-fc-announce-new-hamilton-sports-group-ownership-structure/ |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tiger-Cats to announce new ownership structure |url=https://www.tsn.ca/tiger-cats-to-announce-new-ownership-structure-1.1741036 |last=Naylor |first= Dave |publisher=The Sports Network |access-date=January 2, 2022 |date=January 2, 2022}}</ref>

==Stadium uses==
[[File:Tim Horton field, Hamilton.jpg|thumb|A stand in Tim Hortons field for Forge FC]]

The professional sporting teams who are leased occupants of the football/soccer stadium are the Canadian football team, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and the soccer team, Forge FC. Tim Hortons field has also played host to the other sporting events including [[ice hockey]], [[rugby union]] and dirt biking ([[Nitro Circus]]), as well as [[music concert]]s.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.hamilton.ca/things-do/venues-facilities-bookings/tim-hortons-field/tim-hortons-field-events| website=hamilton.ca| title=Tim Hortons Field events| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.therecord.com/sports-story/6964861-new-canadian-pro-soccer-league-makes-major-hire|title=New Canadian pro soccer league makes major hire|last=Milton|first=Steve|date=November 15, 2016|website=The Record|access-date=May 21, 2018|archive-date=November 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115133712/http://m.therecord.com/sports-story/6964861-new-canadian-pro-soccer-league-makes-major-hire|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hamiltonrugby.com/news_article/show/779925-canada-vs-usa-in-hamilton|website =hamiltonrugby.com|title=Rugby World Cup Qualifier at Tim Hortons Stadium| date=10 March 2019| access-date =8 August 2024}}</ref>

The stadium also has [[Luxury box|premium seating]] in the stands, with club and suite level spaces available during an event or for private rentals. The lounges are for both corporate and social events.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hamilton.ca/things-do/venues-facilities-bookings/tim-hortons-field/stadium-rentals#canadian-football-hall-of-fame-club-level| website=hamilton.ca| title=Stadium Rentals| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ticats.ca/premium-seating/| website=ticats.ca| title=Premium Seating| access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

== Notable sporting events hosted ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;text-align: center;"
|-
! Date
! Home team
! Score
! Away team
! Event
! Attendance
|-
|July 11–26, 2015
| colspan="3" |32 matches
|[[Football at the 2015 Pan American Games|Pan-Am Games soccer]]
|N/A
|-
|November 26, 2016
|[[Calgary Dinos football|Calgary Dinos]]
|26–31
|[[Laval Rouge et Or football|Laval Rouge et Or]]
|[[52nd Vanier Cup]]
|7,115
|-
| June 24, 2017 ||{{ru|CAN}}|| 28–28 ||{{ru-rt|USA}}||[[2019 Rugby World Cup – Americas qualification|Rugby World Cup qualification match]]|| 13,138
|-
|November 25, 2017
|[[Western Mustangs football|Western Mustangs]]
|39–17
|[[Laval Rouge et Or football|Laval Rouge et Or]]
|[[53rd Vanier Cup]]
|10,754
|-
|April 27, 2019
|[[Forge FC]]
|1–1
|[[York9 FC]]
|[[Canadian Premier League inaugural match]]
|17,611
|-
|October 26, 2019
|[[Forge FC]]
|1–0
|[[Cavalry FC]]
|[[2019 Canadian Premier League finals]] leg 1
| 10,486
|-
|December 5, 2021
|[[Forge FC]]
|0–1
|[[Pacific FC]]
|[[2021 Canadian Premier League final]]
| 7,488
|-
|December 12, 2021
|[[Hamilton Tiger-Cats]]
|25–33
|[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
|[[108th Grey Cup]]
|26,324
|-
|January 30, 2022
|{{fb|CAN}}
|2–0
|{{fb-rt|USA}}
|[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF third round|FIFA World Cup qualification match]]
|~12,000 (50% capacity due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario|COVID-19 restrictions]])
|-
|March 13, 2022
|[[Buffalo Sabres]]
|5–2
|[[Toronto Maple Leafs]]
|[[2022 Heritage Classic]]
|26,119
|-
|March 14, 2022
|[[Hamilton Bulldogs]]
|3–0
|[[Oshawa Generals]]
|[[2021–22 OHL season#Hamilton Outdoor Showcase|2022 Outdoor Showcase]]
|12,587
|-
|June 4, 2022
|[[Forge FC]]
|1–1 {{pso|4–5}}
|[[Toronto FC]]
|[[2020 Canadian Championship#Final|2020 Canadian Championship final]]
|13,715
|-
|October 28, 2023
|[[Forge FC]]
|2–1 {{aet}}
|[[Cavalry FC]]
|[[2023 Canadian Premier League final]]
|13,925<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wharnsby |first1=Tim |title=Borges scores 'Olimpico' goal as Forge FC completes comeback to win 4th CPL title |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/cpl/canadian-premier-league-final-recap-forge-fc-cavalry-fc-oct-28-1.7011859 |website=CBC |access-date=29 October 2023 |date=28 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|November 19, 2023
|[[Montreal Alouettes]]
|28–24
|[[Winnipeg Blue Bombers]]
|[[110th Grey Cup]]
|28,808
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Canadian Football League stadiums]]
*[[List of Canadian Premier League stadiums]]
*[[Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.hamilton.ca/things-do/venues-facilities-bookings/tim-hortons-field Tim Hortons Field] at the [[Hamilton, Ontario|City of Hamilton]]

{{Hamilton Tiger-Cats}}
{{Forge FC}}
{{CFL Stadiums}}
{{Grey Cup}}
{{Canadian Premier League stadiums}}
{{2015 Pan American Games venues}}
{{Pan American Games venues football}}
{{CPL Finals stadiums}}
{{Tim Hortons|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Soccer venues in Ontario]]
[[Category:Canadian Football League venues]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Venues of the 2015 Pan American Games]]
[[Category:Rugby union stadiums in Ontario]]
[[Category:Lacrosse venues]]
[[Category:Hamilton Tiger-Cats]]
[[Category:Tim Hortons]]
[[Category:Canadian Premier League stadiums]]
[[Category:Forge FC]]
[[Category:Premier Lacrosse League venues]]
[[Category:Canadian football venues in Ontario]]
[[Category:Public–private partnership projects in Canada]]
[[Category:2010s in Hamilton, Ontario]]

Damola Ajayi

2025-01-30T22:02:25Z

Hcoder3104: Only domestic league apps and goals are meant to be included. I don’t agree with the practice but it’s commonplace across every footballer’s wiki page.

{{Short description|English footballer (born 2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Damola Ajayi
| image =
| full_name = Oyindamola Oluwatobi Peter Ajayi<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/4110099|title=2024/25 Premier League squad lists|website=www.premierleague.com}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|12|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England
| height = 1.76m
| position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]]
| currentclub = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Bromley F.C.|Bromley]]
| youthyears2 = 2022–2025
| youthclubs2 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| years1 = 2025–
| clubs1 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| club-update = 21:40, 30 January 2025 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 21:40, 30 January 2025 (UTC)
}}
'''Oyindamola Oluwatobi Peter Ajayi''' (born 27 December 2005) is an English professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays for [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] as a [[winger (association football)|winger]].

==Career==
A youth product of [[Bromley F.C.|Bromley]], Ajayi joined the youth academy of [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] in 2022.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://tbrfootball.com/17-year-old-tottenham-forward-spotted-in-senior-training-ahead-of-australia-trip/|title=17-year-old Tottenham forward spotted in senior training ahead of Australia trip|first=Giuseppe|last=Labellarte|date=13 July 2023|website=TBR Football}}</ref> On 18 January 2024, Ajayi signed his first professional contract with Tottenham and was promoted to their U21 side.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2024/january/ajayi-turns-pro/|title=Ajayi turns pro|website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> He started training with the senior Tottenham side in the preseason in the summer of 2024.<ref name="auto4"/> He was named to the senior matchday squad for the first time in a [[UEFA Europa League]] match against the Hungarian club [[Ferencvárosi TC]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=53179|title=Damola Ajayi: 18yo forward named in Tottenham's gameday squad for the first time in win v Ferencvaros | All Nigeria Soccer|website=www.allnigeriasoccer.com}}</ref> On 5 January 2025, he extended his contract with the club until 2028.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/transfer-news/damola-ajayi-signs-pro-contract-with-tottenham-hotspur/|title=Damola Ajayi Signs Pro Contract with Tottenham Hotspur - Football In Nigeria|first=Kelechi|last=Abel|date=5 January 2025}}</ref> He made his senior and professional debut with Spurs as a substitute in a 3–0 [[UEFA Europa League]] match against [[IF Elfsborg]] on 30 January 2025, scoring his side's second goal in his debut.<ref name="e776">{{cite web | title=MSN | website=MSN | date=2025-01-30 | url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/sport/football/tottenham-v-elfsborg-live-latest-score-as-debutant-damola-ajayi-hits-europa-league-beauty/ar-AA1y8gLG | access-date=2025-01-30}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Born in England, Ajayi is of Nigerian descent.<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Soccerway|damola-ajayi/825993}}
*{{BDFutbol|707068}}

{{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajayi, Damola}}
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from London]]
[[Category:English men's footballers]]
[[Category:English people of Nigerian descent]]
[[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players]]
[[Category:Men's association football wingers]]

Professional sports leagues in the United States

2025-01-16T19:49:30Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|none}}

[[File:Map of Cities in the USA and Canada with MLB, MLS, NBA, NFL or NHL Teams.png|thumb|All cities in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] with at least one team in [[Major League Baseball|MLB]], [[Major League Soccer|MLS]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], [[National Football League|NFL]], and [[National Hockey League|NHL]] as of 2021]]
[[Professional sports|Professional]] [[sports league]]s in the United States includes [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports leagues]], [[Professional sports leagues in the United States#Other highest-level professional leagues|other highest-level professional leagues]], and [[Minor league|minor leagues]].

Based on revenue, the major professional sports leagues in the United States comprises the following: [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB), [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS), [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA), [[National Football League]] (NFL), and [[National Hockey League]] (NHL).

The major sports leagues tend to have the greatest fan interest, have national television contracts, draw high fan attendance, and have teams located throughout the largest [[Metropolitan statistical area|metropolitan areas in the United States]].

==Major leagues==
===Major League Baseball (MLB)===
{{Main|Major League Baseball}}

[[Major League Baseball]] is the highest level of play of [[baseball]] in North America. It consists of the [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (founded in 1876) and the [[American League]] (founded in 1901). Cooperation between the two leagues began in 1903, and the two merged on an organizational level in 2000 with the elimination of separate league offices; they have shared a single [[Commissioner of Baseball|Commissioner]] since 1920. There are currently 30 member teams, with 29 located in the U.S. and 1 in Canada. Traditionally called the "National Pastime", baseball was the first professional sport in the U.S.<ref name="urlGovernment, Community, and Sports Teams: Tax Credits - The Policy Circle">{{cite web |url=https://www.thepolicycircle.org/minibrief/government-community-and-sports-teams-tax-credits/ |title=Government, Community, and Sports Teams: Tax Credits - The Policy Circle }}</ref><ref name="urlMajor Professional Sports Leagues: The US & Canada | The Daily Gazette, Major Professional Sports Leagues: The US & Canada | The Daily Gazette">{{cite web |url=https://dailygazette.com/major-professional-sports-leagues-the-us-canada/ |title=Major Professional Sports Leagues: The US & Canada | The Daily Gazette, Major Professional Sports Leagues: The US & Canada | The Daily Gazette }}</ref><ref name="urlWhat Is the Oldest Major Sports League in the U.S.?">{{cite web |url=https://www.sportscasting.com/what-is-the-oldest-major-sports-league-in-the-u-s/ |title=What Is the Oldest Major Sports League in the U.S.? |date=22 February 2020 }}</ref>

===Major League Soccer (MLS)===
{{Main|Major League Soccer}}
[[Major League Soccer]] is the top-level men's professional [[association football|soccer]] league in the United States and Canada. As of the 2025 MLS season, the league will have 30 teams — 27 in the United States and 3 in Canada, with the addition of [[San Diego FC]]. MLS began play in 1996, its creation a requirement by [[FIFA]] for awarding the United States the right to host the [[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994 World Cup]]. MLS is the first major Division I outdoor soccer league in the U.S. or Canada since the [[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|North American Soccer League]] (NASL) operated from 1968 to 1984.

MLS has increased in popularity following the adoption of the [[Designated Player Rule|Designated Player rule]] in 2007, which allowed MLS to sign stars such as [[David Beckham]] and [[Thierry Henry]]. In 2014, MLS reported an average attendance of 19,148 per game, with total attendance exceeding 6.1 million overall, both breaking previous MLS attendance records.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlsattendance.blogspot.it/search?updated-min=2014-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&updated-max=2015-01-01T00:00:00-05:00&max-results=34|title=2014 Final Attendance Update|work=MLSAttendance.Blogspot.com}}</ref> With an average attendance of over 20,000 per game, MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S. after the [[National Football League]] (NFL) and [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB),<ref>[[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada#Attendance]]</ref> and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide.<ref>MLSsoccer.com, The expansion, refs, Cascadia: MLS Commissioner Don Garber covers it all in annual address, February 27, 2013, http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/02/27/expansion-refs-cascadia-commissioner-garber-covers-it-all-march-soccer-addre</ref>

[[Nate Silver]] of the [[ESPN]]-owned website [[FiveThirtyEight]] has argued that there is a case to be made for the inclusion of MLS in the major professional sports leagues of North America.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hickey |first=Walt |url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/theres-a-big-five-in-north-american-pro-sports/ |title=The 'Big Five' in North American Pro Sports |work=FiveThirtyEight |date=2014-04-04 |access-date=2015-05-14}}</ref>

===National Basketball Association (NBA)===
{{Main|National Basketball Association}}
The [[National Basketball Association]] is the premier [[basketball]] league in the world.<ref name="urlPower Ranking the Best Basketball Leagues in the World, Outside of the NBA | Bleacher Report | Latest News, Videos and Highlights">{{cite web |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1291287-power-ranking-the-best-basketball-leagues-in-the-world-outside-of-the-nba |title=Power Ranking the Best Basketball Leagues in the World, Outside of the NBA | Bleacher Report | Latest News, Videos and Highlights |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |format= }}</ref> It was founded as the Basketball Association of America in 1946, and adopted its current name in 1949, when the BAA partially absorbed the rival [[National Basketball League (United States)|National Basketball League]]. Four teams from the rival [[American Basketball Association]] joined the NBA with the [[ABA–NBA merger]] in 1976. It currently has 30 teams, 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. The NBA is watched by audiences both domestically and internationally.

===National Football League (NFL)===
{{Main|National Football League}}

The [[National Football League]] was founded in 1920 as a combination of various teams from regional leagues such as the [[Ohio League]], the [[New York Pro Football League]], and the Chicago circuit. The NFL partially absorbed the [[All-America Football Conference]] in 1949 and [[AFL–NFL merger|merged]] with the [[American Football League]] in 1970. It has 32 teams, all located in the United States.

NFL games are the most attended of domestic professional leagues in the world in terms of per-game attendance, and the most popular in the U.S. in terms of television ratings and merchandising.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-01-04 |title=NFL maintains massive lead in attendance " Sporting Intelligence |url=http://www.sportingintelligence.com/2010/01/04/nfl-maintains-massive-lead-in-attendance |access-date=2010-05-03 |publisher=Sportingintelligence.com}}</ref> Its championship game, the [[Super Bowl]], is the most watched annual event on U.S. television, with [[Super Bowl LVIII]] in February 2024 being the single most-watched program in U.S. television history.

The NFL is the only one of the major American leagues not to have a presence in Canada, where the [[Canadian Football League]] is the premier professional league in the separate though related sport of [[Canadian football]].

===National Hockey League (NHL)===
{{Main|National Hockey League}}
The [[National Hockey League]] is the only one of the major leagues to have been founded in [[Canada]]. It was formed in 1917 as a successor to Canada's NHA, the [[National Hockey Association]] (founded 1909), taking all but one of the NHA's teams. The NHL [[NHL–WHA merger|partially absorbed]] the rival [[World Hockey Association]] (WHA) in 1979. As of the 2024–25 season there are 32 teams in the NHL, with 25 in the U.S. and 7 in Canada, with the [[Utah Hockey Club]] joining as an expansion team.

The most popular sports league in Canada, and widely followed across the northern U.S., the NHL has expanded southward in recent decades to attempt to gain a more national following in the United States, in cities such as [[Dallas Stars|Dallas]], [[Florida Panthers|Miami]], [[Nashville Predators|Nashville]], [[Arizona Coyotes|Phoenix]], [[Las Vegas]], [[Carolina Hurricanes|Raleigh]], and [[Tampa Bay Lightning|Tampa]], with varying success. Hockey remains much more popular in the northern states of the U.S. closer to Canada, such as the Upper Midwest (8 NHL teams), New England and the New York to Washington area (5 NHL teams), than in the rest of the United States. The NHL has more Canadian teams (seven) than MLB, MLS, the NBA, and the NFL combined (five).

'''The five major professional sports leagues'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!League || Sport || Year founded || Teams || Last expansion || Last contr{{shy}}action || Revenue US$ (bn) || Average attendance (2022)
|-
| [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB) || [[Baseball]] || 1903{{refn|group=o|This date reflect the year the modern [[World Series]] was first contested, although an earlier version of the Series was contested in the 1880s between the National League and the defunct [[American Association (19th century)|American Association]]. The two component leagues of Major League Baseball, the National and American Leagues, were founded in 1876 and 1901 respectively. MLB also celebrates the anniversary of the start of professional baseball in 1869. MLB underwent a major organizational change following the 1920 season when the office of [[Commissioner of Baseball]], with far more significant powers over both leagues than the earlier National Commission that had preceded this office, was established. The AL and NL commenced regular season [[interleague play]] in 1997 and fully merged on an organizational level, i.e. they abolished their separate league offices and vested all authority in the office of the Commissioner, after the 1999 season. Since its constituent leagues began co-operation in 1903, MLB has never recognized a third major league or absorbed a rival league, although the proposed [[Continental League]] of the early 1960s was only forestalled when the AL and NL added two teams each.}} || 30 || 1998 || 1899{{refn|group=o|The elimination of four NL teams following the 1899 season is undoubtedly the most recent occasion where MLB has fielded fewer teams for the following season, however some baseball historians regard the [[Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)|original Baltimore Orioles]] to have folded outright following the 1902 MLB season, and replaced by an expansion team that eventually became the [[New York Yankees]] for the following season, in a manner similar to the NFL's last "contraction" as listed in this table.}} || $10.7 || {{nts|26843}}
|-
| [[Major League Soccer]] (MLS) || [[Soccer]] || 1996 || 30 (in 2025) || 2023 || 2014{{refn|group=o|This date reflects the demise of [[Chivas USA]]. However, two teams were added for the 2015 season. The last time MLS fielded fewer teams for the following season was in 2002, when MLS dropped from 12 teams to 10 after folding both of its Florida franchises (the [[Miami Fusion]] and [[Tampa Bay Mutiny]]) at the end of the 2001 season.}} || $1.1 || {{nts|21006}}
|-
| [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) || [[Basketball]] || 1946{{refn|group=o|This date reflects the establishment of the [[Basketball Association of America]], which adopted its current name after absorbing the rival [[National Basketball League (United States)|National Basketball League]] in 1950. Although the NBL predated the BAA by nine seasons, the NBA continues to regard the 1946-47 BAA season (as opposed to the 1937-38 NBL season) to be its inaugural one. The NBA has always awarded an internally-created trophy to its champions - the league adopted the trophy's present design in 1977 and its current name (the [[Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy]]) in 1984. The NBA later partially absorbed the rival [[American Basketball Association]] (founded in 1967) in 1976.}} || 30 || 2004 || 1954 || $8.8 || {{nts|18007}}
|-
| [[National Football League]] (NFL) || [[American football]] || 1920{{refn|group=o|The NFL was originally called the American Professional Football Association and adopted its present name in 1922. Other "founding" dates recognized to be of significance by the NFL include the founding of the [[American Football League]] (originally a rival league) in 1960, the establishment of what eventually became the [[Super Bowl]] in 1966 and the [[AFL-NFL merger|full merger]] of the AFL and NFL in 1970. 1966 in particular considered a significant [[epoch]] by football historians as the start of the "Super Bowl era" while the 1970 merger remains the only time a rival North American sports league has fully merged into an established league with all of its teams intact and its playing records fully recognized as part of the history of the older league. The NFL had earlier partially absorbed the [[All-America Football Conference]] (founded in 1946) in 1950, but unlike the latter case with the AFL the NFL did not recognize AAFC records.}} || 32 || 2002 || 1952{{refn|group=o|This date reflects the demise of the [[Dallas Texans (NFL)|original Dallas Texans]], who folded after only one season. However, the Texans were immediately replaced by the [[Baltimore Colts]], meaning the league was not reduced in size for the 1953 season. Although the Colts were awarded the assets (including player contracts) of the Texans, they are considered a separate franchise. The last time the league fielded fewer teams for a subsequent season was after the 1950 season when the [[Baltimore Colts (1947–1950)|original Baltimore Colts]] (also considered to be unrelated to the modern Colts franchise) folded. Also, the date in the table does not recognize the temporary [[Cleveland Browns relocation controversy|1995 suspension of the Cleveland Browns]] in which the then-extant Cleveland football organization was transferred to what was considered [[Baltimore Ravens|an expansion franchise in Baltimore]] - because the Browns were later restocked via an [[expansion draft]] after a three year absence, the NFL does not consider this event to be a contraction.}} || $15.3 || {{nts|69442}}
|-
| [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) || [[Ice hockey]] || 1917{{refn|group=o|The [[Stanley Cup]] was first awarded in 1893, but did not become the NHL's ''[[de facto]]'' championship trophy until 1926. Although the NHL recognizes its founding date as 1917, three of its four charter members had previously been members of the [[National Hockey Association]] founded in 1910. Upon its founding, the NHL assumed the NHA's then-extant position as the eastern challenger for the Stanley Cup which at the time was a trophy contested between the champions of the NHA/NHL and various leagues based in Western Canada and the U.S. Pacific Northwest. This arrangement continued until 1926 when [[Western Canada Hockey League|the last major western-based league]] folded, after which the NHL took sole possession of the Stanley Cup to be awarded to its playoff champion ever since. The NHL later partially absorbed the rival [[World Hockey Association]] (founded in 1972) in 1979.}} || 32 || 2021 || 1978 || $5.1 ||{{nts|17456}}
|-
| colspan="8" |<div style="text-align: left>'''Explanatory citations'''</div>{{reflist|group=o}}
|}

==Other highest-level professional leagues==
In addition to the major sports leagues, there are several other highest-level professional sports leagues in the United States. These leagues usually lack TV contracts for popular network TV or mainstream cable channels, draw more modest attendance, and generally pay significantly lower salaries than the major sports leagues.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;float:center;"
|-
|+ Highest-level professional leagues (non-major)
|-
!League || Sport || First season (Teams) || Current teams || Recent average attendance || Average salaries || Refs
|-
|[[Indoor Football League]] (IFL)
|[[Arena football|Indoor football]]
|2009
|16
|
|
|
|-
| [[Major Arena Soccer League]] (MASL) || [[Indoor soccer]]|| 2008 || 13 || align="left" | '''2,554''' (2019–20) ||$15,000-$45,000 || <ref name="urlMajor Arena Soccer League (MASL) | Iowa Soccer">{{cite web |url=http://www.iowasoccer.org/major_arena_soccer_league/ |title=Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) | Iowa Soccer |format= }}</ref>
|-
| [[Major League Cricket]] (MLC) || [[Twenty20]] [[cricket]] || 2023 || 6 || align="left" | || ||
|-
| [[Major League Rugby]] (MLR) || [[Rugby union]]|| 2018 (7) || 12{{efn|group=otl|Number of teams in the next MLR season of 2021 (with the 2020 season having been canceled due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19]]). The most recently completed season in 2019 had 9 teams.}}|| align="left" | '''4,125''' (2018)||$45,000|| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2018/jul/08/major-league-rugby-seattle-glendale-season-two|title = Major League Rugby crowns Seattle champions – and looks to season two|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 8 July 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Lacrosse League]] (NLL) || [[Box lacrosse]] || 1987 (4) || 15{{efn|group=otl|The 2017 NLL season, whose average attendance was included in this table, featured 9 teams. The league has since expanded to 11 teams for the 2019 season, 13 for the 2020 season, and 15 for the 2022 season.}} || align="left" | '''9,596''' (2019) || $19,000 || <ref>{{cite web|author=Andrew Jeffrey |url=https://thegatewayonline.ca/2015/06/rushing-out-of-town-the-future-of-professional-lacrosse-in-edmonton/ |title=Rushing out of town – the future of professional lacrosse in Edmonton – The Gateway |website=Thegatewayonline.ca |date=2015-06-14 |access-date=2017-02-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/2013/10/22/salary_cap_national_lacrosse_league_signs_labour_deal_with_luxury_tax.html |title=Salary cap: National Lacrosse League signs labour deal with luxury tax | Toronto Star |website=Thestar.com |date=2013-10-22 |access-date=2017-02-28}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Volleyball Association (US)|National Volleyball Association]] (NVA) || [[Volleyball|Men's volleyball]] || 2018 || 12 || align="left" | || ||
|-
| [[National Women's Soccer League]] (NWSL) || [[Women's association football|Women's soccer]] || 2013 (8) || 14 (15 in 2026) || align=left | '''10,432''' (2023) || $65,000{{efn|group=ntl|The NWSL's first collective bargaining agreement with its players' union, reached in 2022, calls for minimum salaries of $35,000. Stated salaries do not include allowances for health care, transportation, and housing.}} || <ref name="2023 attendance">{{cite web |title=2023 NWSL Attendance |url=https://soccerstadiumdigest.com/2023-nwsl-attendance/ |website=Soccer Stadium Digest |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lloyd-Hughes |first1=Theo |title=I'm not trying to be a toxic positivist, but the NWSL salary cap has a long way to go before we can truly unpack these contracts |url=https://squaddepth.substack.com/p/im-not-trying-to-be-a-toxic-positivist#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20the%20minimum%20salary,U.S.%20average%20salary%20of%20%2459%2C428. |website=Substack |date=19 December 2023 |access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Premier Lacrosse League]] (PLL) || [[Field lacrosse]]|| 2019 (6) || 8{{efn|group=otl|The PLL [[MLL–PLL merger|merged]] with the former top-level field lacrosse league, [[Major League Lacrosse]], in December 2020, with the merged league operating under the PLL banner. One MLL team was brought into the PLL; no announcement has been made on the fate of the other 6 MLL teams.}}|| align="left" | || $35,000||
|-
| [[Pro Volleyball Federation]] (PVF) || [[Volleyball|Women's volleyball]] || 2024 (7) || 10 (in 2025) || align="left" | || ||
|-
| [[Professional Women's Hockey League]] (PWHL)
| [[Ice hockey#Women's ice hockey|Women's ice hockey]]
| 2023–24 (6){{efn|group=otl|The first season was billed as the 2023–24 season, but was played entirely within calendar 2024.}}
| 6
| align="left" | '''5,448''' (2023–24)
|
| <ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.thepwhl.com/en/professional-womens-hockey-league-pwhl-celebrates-historic-inaugural-regular-season |title=Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) Celebrates Historic Inaugural Regular Season |publisher=Professional Women's Hockey League |date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=September 8, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ultimate Frisbee Association]] (UFA) || [[Ultimate (sport)|Ultimate]] || 2012 || 24 || align="left" | || ||
|-
| [[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA) || [[Women's basketball]]|| 1997 (8) || 13 (in 2025) || align="left" | '''5,679''' (2022) || $72,000 || <ref name="SBD 2019" />
|}

{{notelist|group=otl}}

=== Major League Cricket (MLC) ===
{{Main|Major League Cricket}}

[[Major League Cricket]] (MLC) is a professional [[Twenty20]] [[cricket]] league in the [[United States]]. Operated by American Cricket Enterprises (ACE) and sanctioned by [[USA Cricket]], it plans to begin play in 2023, with six teams in major U.S. cities under a single-entity model. In 2021, the [[Minor league|development league]] for MLC, [[Minor League Cricket]] (MiLC), completed its inaugural season, which was contested by 27 franchise-based teams.

=== Major League Rugby (MLR) ===
{{Main|Major League Rugby}}

[[Major League Rugby]] is the highest level of professional [[rugby union]] in the United States and Canada. The competition is supported and sanctioned by [[USA Rugby]]. The first season of Major League Rugby began in May 2018 with seven teams ranging from the Pacific Northwest to the Southwest. The top four teams make the playoffs for a spot in the final, the winner receives the American Championship Shield. Thirteen teams competed in the 2022 season but will be reduced to twelve in the 2023 season, with Chicago replacing Los Angeles and Austin.

===National Lacrosse League (NLL)===
{{Main|National Lacrosse League|}}

The [[National Lacrosse League]] (NLL) is a men's professional [[box lacrosse]] league in North America. It currently has 14 teams: 8 in the United States and six in Canada. The NLL plays its games in the winter and spring. The league's American teams have historically been concentrated in the [[northeastern United States]], and two of the league's longest-established and most commercially successful teams, the [[Buffalo Bandits]] and [[Rochester Knighthawks]], still reside there. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the [[National Lacrosse League Cup]]. The NLL averaged between 9,400 and 10,700 spectators per game each year from 2004 to 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2012/05/10/Research-and-Ratings/NLL-attedance.aspx?hl=National%20Lacrosse%20League&sc=0 |title=NLL Sees Lowest Attendance Avg. Since '03 Season; Rochester Up Nearly 15% – SportsBusiness Daily | SportsBusiness Journal | SportsBusiness Daily Global |date=10 May 2012 |publisher=SportsBusiness Daily |access-date=2017-02-28}}</ref><ref name="StealthMoveNorth">{{cite web |url=http://www.nll.com/article.php?id=4000 |title=Stealth Move North to Washington |work=NLL.com |date=17 June 2009 |access-date=17 June 2009}}</ref>

===National Women's Soccer League (NWSL)===
{{Main|National Women's Soccer League}}

The [[National Women's Soccer League]] (NWSL) is a professional [[Women's association football|women's]] [[Association football|soccer]] league. At the top of the [[United States soccer league system|United States league system]], it is the country's primary competition for women's soccer. The NWSL was established in 2012 as a successor to [[Women's Professional Soccer]] (2007–2012). The league began play in 2013 with eight teams; four of which were former members of Women's Professional Soccer.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 April 2013 |title=WILL NWSL BE A SUCCESS? WELL ... |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/story/_/id/9161421/espnw-latest-women-professional-soccer-league-success |access-date=September 21, 2013 |work=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Whiteside |first1=Kelly |date=November 21, 2012 |title=Women's pro soccer league to debut in U.S. next year |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2012/11/21/new-womens-soccer-league-to-debut-next-year/1720343/ |access-date=September 21, 2013 |work=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Seattle will have team in new women's professional league owned by Bill Predmore |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/soundersfcblog/2019731392_seattle_will_have_team_in_new.html |access-date=September 21, 2013 |newspaper=Seattle Times}}</ref> With the addition of two expansion teams in Houston and Orlando since the league's founding, it reached a peak of 10 teams based throughout the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kassouf |first1=Jeff |date=20 October 2015 |title=Orlando Pride named 10th NWSL team for 2016 |url=http://equalizersoccer.com/2015/10/20/orlando-pride-nwsl-expansion-team-announced/ |access-date=20 October 2015 |publisher=The Equalizer}}</ref> Following the 2017 season, the league dropped to 9 teams following the demise of two charter members, one of which was replaced by a new franchise.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=January 25, 2018 |title=The Boston Breakers' demise is another step toward an unrecognizable NWSL, but in which direction is the league headed? |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/us/features/boston-breakers-fold-unrecognizable-nwsl-future-analysis |access-date=January 29, 2018 |magazine=[[FourFourTwo]]}}</ref> The league returned to 10 teams for 2021. [[Utah Royals|Utah Royals FC]], which had inherited the roster of the defunct [[FC Kansas City]] after the 2017 season, itself folded after the 2020 season, with its roster being taken over by a new Kansas City ownership group that now fields the [[Kansas City Current]]. The completely new [[Racing Louisville FC]] also started play in 2021. The NWSL [[NWSL expansion|added two teams]] in 2022, the Los Angeles-based [[Angel City FC]] and [[San Diego Wave FC]]. In 2024, the Utah Royals returned to the league under new ownership, and the San Francisco Bay Area-based [[Bay FC]] also joined. The Boston-based [[BOS Nation FC]] is planned to join in 2026.

=== Premier Lacrosse League (PLL) ===
{{Main|Premier Lacrosse League|}}
The [[Premier Lacrosse League]] is a professional [[field lacrosse]] league. The league originally uses a competitive model that radically differs from those of other U.S. professional leagues—its eight teams play a tour-based schedule. Each week, the league visits a different market, with all teams playing. It absorbed the older [[Major League Lacrosse]] in a [[MLL–PLL merger|merger]] in 2020. In 2023, all 8 PLL teams were assigned to cities. Starting in 2024, the teams were aligned into Eastern and Western conferences, and the regular-season schedule was expanded to 10 games. Each team plays two games against the other teams in its conference and single games against teams in the opposite conference.

=== Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) ===
{{Main|Professional Women's Hockey League}}

{{See also|Premier Hockey Federation}}

The [[Professional Women's Hockey League]] (PWHL) started play in January 2024 as the de facto replacement of the [[Premier Hockey Federation]] (PHF). The PHF had played since 2015, originally as the National Women's Hockey League, and was the first professional women's hockey league in North America. After the PHF's 2022–23 season, the league was purchased by a group led by investor [[Mark Walter]] and tennis great [[Billie Jean King]], and was shut down to make way for the PWHL. The PWHL will field six teams, three each in the U.S. and Canada, in its first season. This was down from the seven teams (five U.S., two Canadian) that the PHF fielded in its final season.<ref name="salvian202306302">{{cite news |last1=Salvian |first1=Hailey |date=2023-06-30 |title=What we know about the PHF shutdown, and more on the new pro women's hockey league |url=https://theathletic.com/4655207/2023/06/30/premier-hockey-federation-why-mark-walter/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630211422/https://theathletic.com/4655207/2023/06/30/premier-hockey-federation-why-mark-walter/ |archive-date=June 30, 2023 |access-date=2023-06-30 |work=[[The Athletic]] |language=en}}</ref>

Women's hockey leagues before the PHF, such as the high-level [[Canadian Women's Hockey League]] (CWHL), were non-paid and teams operated with primarily local players. Many teams, such as the [[Minnesota Whitecaps]], operated independently to give women a place to keep playing after their college careers. The NWHL had four teams in its inaugural season that competed for the [[Isobel Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2019 |title=How the Minnesota Whitecaps are finding success in the NWHL |url=http://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/article/25869131/how-minnesota-whitecaps-finding-success-nwhl |access-date=2019-01-30 |website=espnW}}</ref> It later added the Whitecaps for the 2018–19 season, the [[Toronto Six]] for 2020–21, and the [[Montreal Force]] for 2022–23, and adopted the Premier Hockey Federation name starting in 2021–22.

The CWHL was primarily based out of Canada from 2007 to 2019, but also had a team in the United States and up to two teams in China. The CWHL teams competed for the [[Clarkson Cup]], a trophy that was previously awarded to the best women's hockey team regardless of league before it became the de facto CHWL championship in 2011. The CWHL began paying its players a stipend in 2017 to compete with the NWHL, based largely off its expansion into China.<ref name="PlayersPay2">{{cite web |date=September 1, 2017 |title=Canadian Women's Hockey League will begin paying its players |url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/cwhl-will-pay-its-players-for-the-first-time-starting-this-season/article36139819/ |work=[[The Globe and Mail]]}}</ref> The CWHL ceased operations in 2019 citing that the two leagues could not coexist, splitting the potential sponsorship revenue, and still be financially feasible.<ref name="FinalStatement2">{{cite web |date=July 2, 2019 |title=Final Public Communication |url=http://www.thecwhl.com/CWHL_Final_Public_Communication%20July_2_2019_FINAL_630pm.pdf |website=CWHL}}</ref>

Following the demise of the CWHL, players from both leagues were dissatisfied in the operation of both the NWHL and CWHL in that neither league provided health insurance or a livable salary. Due to these conditions, over 200 players released a joint statement announcing their intent to not participate in any North American professional league for the 2019–20 season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2019 |title=More than 200 players call for overhaul of women's pro hockey |url=https://www.tsn.ca/more-than-200-players-call-for-overhaul-of-women-s-pro-hockey-1.1299658 |work=[[The Sports Network]]}}</ref> The players formed a [[Trade union|worker's union]] called the [[Professional Women's Hockey Player Association]] (PWHPA) to further push for their stated goals of a league that provides financial and infrastructure resources to players, health insurance, and support to training programs for young female players.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2019 |title=Professional Women's Hockey Player Association established, issues statement |url=https://www.theicegarden.com/2019/5/20/18632598/professional-womens-hockey-player-association-pwhpa-established-issues-statement-for-the-game |website=The Ice Garden}}</ref> Members of the PWHPA hold tournaments in various locations in support of their cause for a creating a fully professional women's league. This initiative bore fruit in 2023 with the creation of the PWHL.

=== USL Super League (USLS) ===
{{Main|USL Super League}}

Announced in 2021<ref>{{cite press release |title=USL Announces New Professional Division II Women's Soccer League |date=September 21, 2021 |publisher=United Soccer League |url=https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/1184602 |access-date=September 21, 2021}}</ref> but not starting play until August 2024, the USL Super League is operated by the [[United Soccer League]], which operates a series of lower-level soccer leagues for men, women, and youth. USLS initially planned to start play in 2023,<ref>{{cite press release |title=USL Super League to Align with International Women's Soccer Calendar and Kick Off in August 2023 |date=March 15, 2022 |publisher=United Soccer League |url=https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/1215235 |language=en-us |access-date=May 20, 2022}}</ref> but delayed its first season by a year, partially because it decided to seek sanctioning by the U.S. Soccer Federation as a Division I league—the same level as the NWSL—instead of Division II. USLS received said sanctioning before its first season.<ref>{{cite press release |title=USL Super League Receives Division One Sanctioning from U.S. Soccer and Confirms Field of Teams for Inaugural Season |date=February 9, 2024 |publisher=USL Super League |url=https://www.uslsuperleague.com/news/2024/02/09/usl-super-league-receives-division-one-sanctioning-from-u-s-soccer-and-confirms-field-of-teams-for-inaugural-season/ |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=USLSuperLeague.com}}</ref> Unlike most U.S. soccer leagues, USLS plays a fall-to-spring season, putting it in line with most European leagues and the sport's international calendar.

===Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)===
{{Main|Women's National Basketball Association}}
The [[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA) is the highest level of competition in [[women's basketball]]. Currently the WNBA is one of two fully professional women's sports leagues operating in North America. Founded in 1996 and beginning play in the [[1997 WNBA season|1997 season]], it is the longest-running active American professional women's sport league in history.

The league's attendance started with about 10,000 per game in the 1990s, steadied in the 7,000 to 8,000 range in most of the 2010s, before dropping under 7,000 since 2018.<ref name="SBD 2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2019/09/10/Research-and-Ratings/WNBA-Turnstile-Tracker.aspx |title=WNBA Turnstile Tracker: Attendance Down At End Of Regular Season |first1=Andrew |last1=Levin |first2=David |last2=Broughton |work=Sports Business Daily |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=October 18, 2019}}</ref> As WNBA attendance has fallen, both the [[Atlanta Dream]] and [[Washington Mystics]] have moved from arenas seating over 18,000 to ones with less than 5,000; the [[New York Liberty]] made a similar move, but had planned to return to an NBA arena in 2020 after being purchased by an NBA team owner<ref name = "WNBA 2017 Att">{{cite news | url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2017/sep/07/wnba-attendance-grows-to-highest-level-since-2011/|title=WNBA Scores Highest Attendance In Six Years During Record-Breaking Season|first=Doug|last=Feinberg|date=September 7, 2017|access-date=January 24, 2018|newspaper=The Spokesman-Review}}</ref> (said return was delayed to 2021 due to COVID-19). Total attendance was 1,598,160 in 2010.<ref name=WNBAattendance>{{cite news |title= WNBA Attendance Down 2.5%, But Eight Clubs See Gains From '09|url= http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=sbd.main&ArticleID=141674|newspaper= [[Sports Business Daily]]|date= August 24, 2010 |access-date=December 17, 2010}}</ref> In 2007, the league signed a television deal with [[ESPN]] that ran from 2009 to 2016. This deal is the first to ever pay rights fees to women's teams. In 2009, it had a total television viewership of 413,000 in combined cable and broadcast television.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wnba.com/2008numbers_080916.html |title=WNBA Closes Regular Season Up in Attendance, TV Ratings and Web Traffic |publisher=WNBA.com |access-date=2011-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525124432/http://www.wnba.com/2008numbers_080916.html |archive-date=2011-05-25 }}</ref>

==Minor leagues==
{{See also|List of developmental and minor sports leagues}}

Several of the major sports leagues in the United States have other professional leagues in tiers below them. For example, Major League Baseball has an extensive "[[farm system]]" of [[minor league]] teams. Similarly, below Major League Soccer (as of 2022) are the Division II USL Championship and three Division III leagues—[[USL League One]], the [[National Independent Soccer Association]], and [[MLS Next Pro]].

=== American football ===
{{Main|United Football League (2024)}}
In contrast with the other major sports, the [[National Football League]] does not maintain an official minor league system. The only league to have served as a minor league to the entire NFL was [[NFL Europe]]; teams in NFL Europe were not affiliated with an individual NFL squad, but instead received prospects from all of the NFL's teams, who played in Europe during the offseason, then returned stateside in time for [[National Football League training camp|training camp]]. Individual NFL teams over the course of their history signed affiliation deals with the [[American Association (football)|American Association]] in the 1930s, the [[Association of Professional Football Leagues]] in the 1940s, and the [[Atlantic Coast Football League]] in the 1960s. In addition to these leagues, NFL owners also operated franchises in the [[Arena Football League]] in the 2000s (decade); this arrangement differed in that the AFL teams were not directly used for player development. Arena football had its own minor league, [[arenafootball2]], for most of the same decade.

The most recent independent minor professional football leagues to play outdoors were the [[Alliance of American Football]], which both began play and folded in 2019, failing to complete its only season, and the [[XFL (2020)|XFL]], which shared the name and some ownership with a previous [[XFL (2001)|XFL]] that played one season in 2001, and began play in 2020, one week after the Super Bowl. It declared [[Bankruptcy in the United States|bankruptcy]] and shut down after the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]] forced the league to prematurely end its inaugural season. Afterwards, the rights to the league were bought by [[Dwayne Johnson]] and his business partner and former wife [[Dany Garcia]], with Johnson first announcing that the league planned to resume play in 2022 and then delaying that to 2023. The XFL later announced a formal partnership with the NFL, with the XFL to be used as a test bed for potential NFL rules changes, as well as a developing ground for coaches and game officials.

A new version of the [[United States Football League (2022)|United States Football League]] started play in 2022, also as a spring league. Partially owned by [[Fox Sports]], it played its first regular season entirely in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], shifting to [[Canton, Ohio]] for its playoffs due to scheduling conflicts with Birmingham's hosting of the [[2022 World Games]]. For 2023, four cities hosted regular-season games, each hosting two teams.

The USFL and XFL merged after their 2023 seasons to form the current [[United Football League (2024)|United Football League]]. The merged league features teams from four former XFL markets, three former USFL markets, and one market that had teams in both leagues.

[[The Spring League]], founded in 2017, is nominally professional but does not pay its players and in fact charges many of its players to participate, a business model that allows it to play [[behind closed doors (sport)|without spectators]] or television revenue.<ref name=secretsauce>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/football-tsl/football-the-spring-league-finds-secret-sauce-to-survival-idUSL1N2MQ0XT|title=The Spring League finds 'secret sauce' to survival|first=Steve|last=Keating|work=Reuters|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=May 4, 2021}}</ref>

[[Indoor American football]] leagues outside the auspices of the Arena Football League have historically played at a level somewhere on the margins between minor-professional and [[semi-professional]]. Some surviving indoor leagues include the [[American Arena League]], [[Champions Indoor Football]], [[Indoor Football League]], and [[National Arena League]]. Indoor leagues are notorious for their instability, with teams often folding midway through their seasons, teams jumping between leagues, and leagues often failing to launch or folding abruptly. [[Fan Controlled Football]] follows a gaming-inspired, made-for-television approach to the sport, with fans voting on rules, recognizable former NFL players, and [[power-up]]s that allow special one-time rule changes.

===American Hockey League (AHL)===
{{Main|American Hockey League}}

The [[American Hockey League]] (AHL) is a 32-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary [[Minor league hockey teams|developmental league]] for the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL).<ref>{{Cite book|first=Jon C.|last=Scott|title=Hockey Night in Dixie: Minor Pro Hockey in the American South|year=2006|publisher=Heritage House Publishing Company Ltd.|page=xvii|isbn=1-894974-21-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/hockeynightindix0000stot}}</ref> Since the [[2010–11 AHL season|2010–11 season]], every team in the league has an affiliation agreement with an NHL team. Twenty-six AHL teams are located in the United States and the remaining six are in Canada. The annual playoff champion is awarded the [[Calder Cup]], named for [[Frank Calder]], the first president (1917–1943) of the NHL. The league's players are represented by the [[Professional Hockey Players' Association]] (PHPA).

The [[ECHL]] is a mid-level professional ice hockey league with teams across the United States and two franchises in Canada. It is a tier below the AHL. Like the AHL, the league's players are represented by the PHPA. All but four NHL teams have affiliations with an ECHL team<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.echl.com/nhlahl-affiliations-s12375 |title=The ECHL - Premier 'AA' Hockey League | 2013-14 Affiliates |access-date=2013-11-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104062519/http://www.echl.com/nhlahl-affiliations-s12375 |archive-date=2013-11-04 }}</ref> with [[Vancouver Canucks|Vancouver]], [[St. Louis Blues|St. Louis]], [[Nashville Predators|Nashville]], and [[Winnipeg Jets|Winnipeg]] having no official affiliations as of 2022. However, these teams do sometimes lend contracted players to ECHL teams for development and increased playing time. The league's regular season begins in October and ends in April.

The AHL and the ECHL are the only minor leagues recognized by the collective bargaining agreement between the NHL and the [[National Hockey League Players' Association]], meaning any player signed to an entry-level NHL contract and designated for assignment must report to a club in either the ECHL or the AHL.<ref name="MSBOG">{{cite web | title = Collective Bargaining Agreement between National Hockey League and National Hockey League Players' Association | publisher = NHL and NHLPA | date = July 22, 2005 | url = http://www.nhl.com/cba/2005-CBA.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080720173244/http://www.nhl.com/cba/2005-CBA.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = July 20, 2008 | accessdate = November 19, 2010 }}</ref>

Additionally, lower-level professional leagues include the [[Southern Professional Hockey League]] (SPHL), [[Federal Prospects Hockey League]] (FPHL), and [[Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey]] (LNAH). These leagues operate largely independently, though some SPHL teams are used as affiliates by ECHL teams.

===Minor League Baseball (MiLB)===
{{Main|Minor League Baseball}}
[[Minor League Baseball]] is a hierarchy of [[professional baseball]] leagues in the United States and Canada are developmental league that compete at levels below [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB) and provide opportunities for player development and a way to prepare for the major leagues. All of the minor leagues are operated as independent businesses. Most are members of the umbrella organization known as Minor League Baseball (MiLB), which operates under the [[Commissioner of Baseball]] within the scope of [[organized baseball]], a five-tier [[league system|league hierarchy]] (six when Major League Baseball is included as the top tier) that classifies leagues by level of development. The highest level of minor league baseball, [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]], features high level major league prospects almost ready to join the majors playing in large cities without MLB franchises, while each successively lower class ([[Double-A (baseball)|Double-A]], High-A, Low-A, and Rookie) features players with correspondingly less experience and, generally, playing in smaller markets. Additionally, several [[independent baseball league]]s, none of which had any official links to Major League Baseball before 2021 (with only four now having such links), also operate, with varying quality of competition, some in suburban communities too close to affiliated baseball teams to avoid territorial exclusivity.

=== Minor League Cricket (MiLC) ===
{{Main|Minor League Cricket}}

[[Minor League Cricket]] is a developmental [[Twenty20 cricket]] league for [[Major League Cricket]] that had its inaugural season begin in 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minor League Cricket: T20 league in USA kicks off with Sami Aslam, Corey Anderson in the mix |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/minor-league-cricket-2021-t20-league-in-usa-kicks-off-with-sami-aslam-corey-anderson-in-the-mix-1271536 |access-date=2021-08-21 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> after it was delayed from a mid-to-late 2020 start due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. It consists of 26 teams from four regions. The league began its regional draft process in late-August 2020, and a series of exhibition games in September 2020. The draft for the league began on June 4, 2021. The Strikers won the inaugural finals against the New Jersey Stallions by six [[Wicket#Winning by number of wickets|wickets]], with the Thunderbolts winning the 2022 finals against the Atlanta Fire by ten runs.

===NBA G League===
{{Main|NBA G League|NBA G League Ignite}}

The [[NBA G League]], formerly the NBA Development League (D-League), is the National Basketball Association's official minor league [[basketball]] organization. The D-League started with eight teams in the fall of 2001. In March 2005, NBA commissioner [[David Stern]] announced a plan to expand the D-League to 15 teams and develop it into a true minor league farm system, with each D-League team affiliated with one or more NBA teams. At the conclusion of the [[2013–14 NBA season]], 33% of NBA players had spent time in the D-League, up from 23% in 2011. The last completed season of [[2018–19 NBA G League season|2018–19]] featured 27 teams; the [[2019–20 NBA G League season|2019–20 season]], which was started but not completed due to [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]], featured 28. With COVID-19 still impacting the league in [[2020–21 NBA G League season|2020–21]], 11 of the intended 29 teams chose to sit out that season. The league initially planned to add [[Capitanes de Ciudad de México|a Mexican team]] in 2020–21, but that team's G League debut was delayed to 2021–22. All G League teams are either owned by an NBA franchise or affiliated with a single NBA team; the last "independent" team, the Fort Wayne Mad Ants (now the [[Indiana Mad Ants]]), was acquired by the [[Indiana Pacers]] in September 2015. The G League also features a developmental team, [[NBA G League Ignite]], that played exhibitions against G League franchises during the season through the 2022–23 season, after which it was fully incorporated into the league. The NBA created this team as an alternative to college basketball for elite high school prospects.

===USL Championship (USL)===
{{Main|USL Championship}}

The [[USL Championship]] is a professional men's [[association football|soccer]] league in the United States and Canada that began its inaugural season in 2011. The USL Championship is sanctioned as a [[United States soccer league system|Division II Professional League]] by the [[United States Soccer Federation]] (U.S. Soccer). The league is owned and operated by [[United Soccer League]] (USL; formerly United Soccer ''Leagues'') and was formed as result of the organization's merger of the old [[USL First Division|USL First]] and [[USL Second Division|Second Divisions]]. The merger is meant to consolidate USL's position within the American professional soccer landscape and focus on stability, commercial growth and the professional development of soccer in four main regions throughout the United States and Canada.<ref name="restructure">{{cite news |date=September 8, 2010 |title=USL Restructures Professional Division |url=http://usl1.uslsoccer.com/home/464019.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011101750/http://usl1.uslsoccer.com/home/464019.html |archive-date=October 11, 2010 |access-date=September 8, 2010 |publisher=www.uslsoccer.com}}</ref> In January 2013, USL and MLS reached an agreement to integrate USL Pro league competition with the [[MLS Reserve League]], primarily to improve player development in North America, strengthen league competition and build ties between divisions in the [[United States soccer league system|American soccer pyramid]]. This multi-year deal encourages MLS and USL Pro team affiliations and player loans, and it will lead to more games for teams and developing players.<ref name="MLS_USL_Deal">{{cite news |date=January 23, 2013 |title=MLS, USL Pro reach deal on restructured Reserve League |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/01/23/mls-usl-pro-reach-deal-restructured-reserve-league |access-date=January 27, 2013 |publisher=Mlssoccer.com}}</ref><ref name="MLS Partnership">{{cite news |date=January 23, 2013 |title=USL PRO & MLS Announce Partnership |url=http://uslpro.uslsoccer.com/home/690349.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126070047/http://uslpro.uslsoccer.com/home/690349.html |archive-date=January 26, 2013 |accessdate=February 7, 2013 |publisher=www.uslpro.uslsoccer.com}}</ref>

The USL Championship (USLC), rebranded from "United Soccer League" after the 2018 season, fields 24 teams in its ongoing [[2024 USL Championship season|2024 season]], with many expansion teams coming in the coming years. The league peaked at 36 teams in 2019, but since that season, three teams folded entirely, with one doing so because of the 2023 arrival of a new MLS team in its city; two others were withdrawn from the USL system by their MLS parent clubs (those sides would eventually be revived in MLS Next Pro); three other MLS reserve sides moved directly from the USLC to Next Pro; another was replaced in 2020 by a new MLS team in the same city; and two voluntarily dropped to the third-level [[USL League One]]. One of the teams that folded in 2019 sold its USLC franchise rights to a preexisting club in Miami, which thus joined the USLC. Two California-based teams joined in the 2020s, with San Diego doing so in 2020 and Oakland in 2021. More teams are set to start play in the coming years, but several MLS affiliates will leave after the 2022 season for MLS Next Pro.

Major League Soccer pulled most of its lower-level affiliates from the USL system in the early 2020s in preparation for [[MLS Next Pro]], a new third-level league that launched in 2022. Of the 21 teams playing in the inaugural season, 20 are MLS reserve sides. In the 2023 season, all US-based MLS teams except [[D.C. United]] will field their reserve sides in Next Pro.

The USL corporation launched a new third-division league, known as USL League One (USL1), for the 2019 season.<ref>{{cite press release |date=April 2, 2017 |title=USL to Launch Third-Division League in 2019 |url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/775757-usl-to-launch-third-division-league-in-2019 |publisher=United Soccer League |access-date=December 8, 2017}}</ref> That league began play with 10 teams and expanded to 11 in 2020, a number it has maintained in both subsequent seasons, although the lineup of USL1 teams has changed after each of its seasons to date. The league is currently set to expand to 14 teams in 2023.

A new third division league, the [[National Independent Soccer Association]] (NISA), was founded in 2019 and was founded as semi-professional; however, they obtained professional status.

==See also==
* [[Amateur sports]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Professional sports leagues in the United States| ]]
[[Category:Sports leagues in the United States]]

Sam Gash

2025-01-11T02:42:15Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|American football player and coach (born 1969)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
| name = Sam Gash
| image = Sam Gash in 2012.jpg
| caption = Gash in 2012
| number = 33, 32
| position = [[Fullback (American football)|Fullback]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|03|07|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hendersonville, North Carolina]], U.S.
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 0
| weight_lb = 242
| high_school = [[Hendersonville High School (North Carolina)|Hendersonville]]
| college = [[Penn State Nittany Lions football|Penn State]]
| draftyear = 1992
| draftround = 8
| draftpick = 205
| pastteams =
* [[New England Patriots]] ({{NFL Year|1992|1997}})
* [[Buffalo Bills]] ({{NFL Year|1998|1999}})
* [[Baltimore Ravens]] ({{NFL Year|2000|2002}})
* Buffalo Bills ({{NFL Year|2003}})
* [[New Orleans Saints]] ({{NFL Year|2004}})*
| pastcoaching =
* [[New York Jets]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}) Assistant running backs
* [[Detroit Lions]] ({{NFL Year|2007}}) Assistant special teams
* Detroit Lions ({{NFL Year|2008}}–{{NFL Year|2012}}) Running backs
* [[Green Bay Packers]] ({{NFL Year|2014|2015}}) Running backs
| highlights =
* [[Super Bowl champion]] ([[Super Bowl XXXV|XXXV]])
* 2× Second-team [[All-Pro]] ([[1998 All-Pro Team|1998]], [[1999 All-Pro Team|1999]])
* 2× [[Pro Bowl]] ([[1999 Pro Bowl|1998]], [[2000 Pro Bowl|1999]])
| statlabel1 = [[Reception (gridiron football)|Reception]]s
| statvalue1 = 169
| statlabel2 = Total yards
| statvalue2 = 1,674
| statlabel3 = Total [[touchdown]]s
| statvalue3 = 15
| pfr = GashSa00
}}

'''Samuel Lee Gash Jr.''' (born March 7, 1969) is an American former professional [[American football|football]] player who was a [[fullback (American football)|fullback]] in the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] for the [[Penn State Nittany Lions football|Penn State Nittany Lions]].

==Professional career==
{{NFL predraft
| height ft = 5
| height in = 11 5/8
| weight = 224
| dash = 4.79
| ten split = 1.66
| twenty split = 2.74
| shuttle = 4.16
| vertical = 33.5
| broad ft = 9
| broad in = 5
| bench = 16
| arm span = 30 1/4
| hand span = 9 1/8
}}
Gash was drafted in the eighth round of the [[1992 NFL draft]] by the [[New England Patriots]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1992 NFL Draft Listing |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1992/draft.htm |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A two time [[Pro Bowl]]er in his twelve-year career, Gash played for the Patriots (1992–1997), [[Buffalo Bills]] (1998–1999, 2003), and the [[Baltimore Ravens]] (2000–2002).
In 1999, Gash earned the unique distinction of being the first back in NFL history to be selected to the [[Pro Bowl]] without carrying the ball at all during the regular season.<ref>[http://archive.profootballweekly.com/content/archives/features_1998/borges_122898.asp It's not about stats] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226003946/http://archive.profootballweekly.com/content/archives/features_1998/borges_122898.asp |date=2007-02-26 }}</ref>
He won a [[Super Bowl]] in 2000 with the Baltimore Ravens. Gash was cut by the [[New Orleans Saints]] one day before the 2004 training camp began.

==Coaching==
Gash began his [[Coach (sport)|coaching]] career in 2005 with the [[New York Jets]] as an assistant [[running back]]s coach. In January 2007, Gash was hired as the [[Detroit Lions]]' assistant [[special teams]] coach. In 2008, he became the Lions' running backs coach. Gash was fired by the Lions on December 31, 2012.<ref name="fired">{{cite news |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20121231/SPORTS01/121231058/Lions-cut-ties-with-assistant-coaches-Shawn-Jefferson-Sam-Gash-George-Yarno |title=Lions cut ties with assistant coaches Shawn Jefferson, Sam Gash, George Yarno |last=Birkett |first=Dave |newspaper=[[Detroit Free Press]] |date=December 31, 2012 |access-date=January 1, 2012}}</ref>

On February 10, 2014, Gash was announced as the running backs coach of the Green Bay Packers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-1/Mike-McCarthys-vision-links-new-coaches/36bc650e-6284-4dd6-83d3-2cf83ea88d2e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222131357/http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-1/Mike-McCarthys-vision-links-new-coaches/36bc650e-6284-4dd6-83d3-2cf83ea88d2e |archive-date=2014-02-22 |title=Mike McCarthy's vision links new coaches}}</ref> On January 19, 2016, he was fired by the Packers.<ref>{{Cite web|title = McCarthy fires assistant coaches Sam Gash and Jerry Fontenot|url = http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/sports/365809851.html|website = www.jsonline.com|access-date = 2016-01-19}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Gash has relatives also involved with football. His younger brother, Eric, played [[outside linebacker]] at the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]]. In 2014 Eric Gash was selected as the head coach at his alma mater, Hendersonville High School, for the 2014 season. He is only the second African American hired as a head football coach at a western North Carolina high school since the late 1960s integration of public schools. The Gash brothers have a cousin, [[Thane Gash|Thane]], who played [[Safety (football position)|safety]] for the [[Cleveland Browns]] and [[San Francisco 49ers]].<ref>[http://hendersonvillenews.com/article/20070523/NEWS/705230348/1008/NEWS/NEWS/Gash_I_owe_it_all_to_Pardue_ Gash: 'I owe it all to Pardue' | Serving Henderson, Transylvania and Polk Counties | North Carolina | BlueRidgeNow.com]</ref> His son, Isaiah, plays college football for the [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan Wolverines]]. Another son, Elijah, played college lacrosse for the [[Albany Great Danes men's lacrosse|Albany Great Danes]] and was drafted 30th overall in the 2023 [[Premier Lacrosse League]] draft by [[Whipsnakes Lacrosse Club]]. Elijah was drafted 46th overall in the 2023 [[National Lacrosse League]] draft by [[Panther City Lacrosse Club]] before being picked up the [[Toronto Rock]] in a dispersal draft after Panther City ceased operations in 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singelais |first=Mark |date=2021-04-08 |title=UAlbany lacrosse player Elijah Gash draws inspiration from his father |url=https://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/UAlbany-lacrosse-player-Elijah-Gash-draws-16084859.php |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Times Union |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft |url=https://premierlacrosseleague.com/draft |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Premier Lacrosse League |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elijah Gash |url=https://www.nll.com/players/6301/elijah-gash/ |website=National Lacrosse League |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.detroitlions.com/team/coaches/sam-gash/d9692a5d-301c-476b-b7c8-b66c14ba5e0c Detroit Lions Bio]
* [http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/sports/thetoydepartment/2010/10/catching_up_with_sam_gash.html Klingaman, Mike. "Catching up with...Ravens fullback Sam Gash," ''The Toy Department'' (''The Baltimore Sun'' sports blog), Thursday, October 21, 2010.]

{{Patriots1992DraftPicks}}
{{Super Bowl XXXV}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gash, Sam}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hendersonville, North Carolina]]
[[Category:African-American coaches of American football]]
[[Category:American football fullbacks]]
[[Category:Penn State Nittany Lions football players]]
[[Category:New England Patriots players]]
[[Category:Buffalo Bills players]]
[[Category:Baltimore Ravens players]]
[[Category:New Orleans Saints players]]
[[Category:American Conference Pro Bowl players]]
[[Category:New York Jets coaches]]
[[Category:Detroit Lions coaches]]
[[Category:Green Bay Packers coaches]]
[[Category:21st-century African-American sportsmen]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American sportsmen]]

Corner kick

2024-12-20T19:52:27Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Method of restarting play in association football}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
[[File:Man_U_vs_Spurs_2006,_Jenas_taking_a_corner_kick.jpg|thumb|[[Jermaine Jenas]] ([[Tottenham Hotspur]]) taking a corner kick against [[Manchester United]]. The Tottenham players (blue) attempt to move into position to direct the corner towards the goal, while the United players (red, with [[goalkeeper (soccer)|goalkeeper]] in yellow) attempt to defend. The [[Assistant referee (association football)|assistant referee]] (green, with flag) ensures that the corner is taken from inside the quarter-circle area.]]
[[File:Alex Del Piero Sydney FC (cropped).jpg|right|250px|thumb|[[Alessandro Del Piero]] takes a corner kick for [[Sydney FC]].]]
[[File:Corner area of a football field.jpg|thumb|Corner area of the [[Association football field|football field]].]]
A '''corner kick''', commonly known as a '''corner''', is the method of restarting play in a game of [[association football]] when the ball goes [[out of play]] over the [[Goal line (association football)|goal line]], without a [[Scoring in association football|goal]] being scored and having last been touched by a member of the defending team. The kick is taken from the corner of the [[football (soccer) field|field of play]] nearest to the place where the ball crossed the goal line.

Corners are considered to be a reasonable [[Set piece (football)|goal-scoring opportunity]] for the attacking side, though not as much as a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]] or a [[direct free kick]] near the edge of the [[penalty area]].

A corner kick that scores without being touched by another player is called an ''Olimpico goal'',<ref name="Westwood">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/football/news/uswnt-star-rapinoe-stuns-matildas-with-olimpico-goal-from-a-corner-in-olympic-bronze-match/p9tmlp33quib1oxny1tz4udzy|title=USWNT star Rapinoe stuns Matildas with 'Olimpico' goal from a corner in Olympic bronze match|last=Westwood|first=James|date=5 August 2021|work=Sporting News|access-date=7 August 2021}}; {{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/what-is-olimpico-goal-which-players-scored-them/1bnn18qlv06b91pb2ahoduf87t|title=What is an 'Olimpico' goal & which players have scored them?|date=5 August 2021|last=Kelly|first=Ryan|work=Goal.com}}</ref> or less commonly, ''Olympic goal''.

==Award==
A corner kick is awarded when the ball wholly crosses the goal line outside of the goal frame having been last touched by a member of the team defending that end of the pitch. For the purposes of this rule, it does not matter if this touch is deliberate; it is permissible to kick the ball at an opponent to win a corner kick.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

A corner kick is also awarded instead of an [[own goal]] when the ball enters a team's goal, having been last touched by a member of the defending team, in the following rare situations:
* directly from a kick-off,<ref name="ifab_21_82">{{cite web |url=https://downloads.theifab.com/downloads/laws-of-the-game-2021-22?l=en |title=Laws of the Game 21/22 |accessdate=2021-10-14 |page=82}}</ref> free kick (whether direct or indirect),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://downloads.theifab.com/downloads/laws-of-the-game-2021-22?l=en |title=Laws of the Game 21/22 |accessdate=2021-10-14 |page=113}}</ref> throw-in,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://downloads.theifab.com/downloads/laws-of-the-game-2021-22?l=en |title=Laws of the Game 21/22 |accessdate=2021-10-14 |page=123}}</ref> goal kick,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://downloads.theifab.com/downloads/laws-of-the-game-2021-22?l=en |title=Laws of the Game 21/22 |accessdate=2021-10-14 |page=127}}</ref> or corner kick.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://downloads.theifab.com/downloads/laws-of-the-game-2021-22?l=en |title=Laws of the Game 21/22 |accessdate=2021-10-14 |page=131}}</ref>
* from a dropped ball, if the ball has not been touched by at least two players.<ref name="ifab_21_82"/>

The corner kick is taken from whichever corner was closer to the point where the ball went out of play.

==Procedure==
[[File:BarwellFC.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Player takes a corner kick]]
* The [[Assistant referee (association football)|assistant referee]] will signal that a corner should be awarded by first raising his flag, then using it to point at the corner area on their side of the pitch; however, this is not an indication of which side the kick should be taken from. The referee signals the corner by pointing, with an upward extension of the arm, to the corner area from which the kick is to be taken.
* The ball must be stationary and on the ground within the ''corner area'' formed by a quarter circle with a radius of one yard (1 metre) from the corner flagpost inside the field of play.<ref name="procedure">{{cite web |url=http://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/37/section/110/ |title=Laws of the Game: Law 17: Corner Kick: Procedure |date=2019 |access-date=22 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/21/section/22/ |title=Laws of the Game: Law 1: The Field of Play: The Corner Area |date=2019 |access-date=22 September 2019 }}</ref>
* All opposing players must be at least 10 yards (9.15 metres) from the corner area until the ball is in play. Marks may optionally be made on the goal line and touchline at a distance of 10 yards from the corner area to assist the referee in enforcing this provision.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/21/section/17/ |title=Laws of the Game: Law 1: The Field of Play: Field Markings |date=2019 |access-date=22 September 2019 }}</ref>
* The ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves; it does not need to leave the corner area.<ref name="procedure"/>
* The player taking the corner kick may not touch the ball a second time before it has touched another player.<ref name="procedure"/>
* The attacking side may [[#Olympic goal|score directly from a corner kick]], though this is uncommon. An [[own goal]] may not be scored directly: in the extremely unlikely event of the ball going directly into the attacking team's own goal from a corner kick, a corner kick would be awarded to the opposing side.
* An attacking player who directly receives the ball from a corner kick cannot be penalised for [[Offside (association football)|offside]].

===Infringements===

If the kick is taken with a moving ball, or from the wrong place, the corner kick is retaken.<ref name="sanctions">{{cite web |url=http://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/37/section/111/ |title=Laws of the Game: Law 17: Corner Kick: Offences and Sanctions |date=2019 |access-date=22 September 2019 }}</ref>

Opposing players must retire the required distance as stated above. Failure to do so promptly may constitute [[Fouls and misconduct (association football)|misconduct]] and be punished by a [[Fouls and misconduct (association football)#Yellow card (caution)|yellow card]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/94/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203103953/https://theifab.com/laws/chapter/32/section/94/ |url-status=live |archive-date=3 February 2021 |title=Laws of the Game: Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct: Disciplinary Action |date=2019 |access-date=22 September 2019 }}</ref>

A player who excessively delays the restart of play is cautioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/793/103202_200519_LotG_201920_EN_SinglePage.pdf|publisher=IFAB |title=Laws of the Game 2019/20 |access-date=2020-02-09 |page=110 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603034707/http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/793/103202_200519_LotG_201920_EN_SinglePage.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-03 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is an offence for the kicker to touch the ball a second time before it has been touched by another player; this is punishable by an [[indirect free kick]] to the defending team from where the offence occurred,<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008220449/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290878.html |url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/technicalsupport/refereeing/laws-of-the-game/law/newsid=1290878.html |title=Law 17 - The corner kick |work=Laws of the Game |publisher=FIFA |archive-date=2012-10-08}}</ref> unless the second touch was also a more serious handling offence, in which case a [[direct free kick]] is awarded to the defending team.<ref name="sanctions"/>

===Tactics in taking and defending a corner===
[[File:Chelsea 1 lLiverpool 0 (2-1 agg) Capital One Cup semi final 2nd leg On our way to Wembley! (15768333164).jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (red) players prepare to defend a [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] (blue) corner.]]
[[File:На матче Бельгия - Англия 14 июля 2018 года.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|[[Eden Hazard]] of [[Belgium national football team|Belgium]] (left, yellow) has the option to play a short corner against [[England national football team|England]] (red) at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]].]]
A common tactic is for several attackers to stand close in front of the goal, whereupon the corner taker [[Cross (football)|crosses]] the ball for them to [[Association football|head]] into the goal.

The defending team may choose to form a wall of players in an attempt to force the ball to be played to an area which is more easily defended. However, this is not done often because defending players must remain at least 10 yards from the ball until it is in play.

The defending team also has the choice of whether to instruct a player to adopt a position beside one or both of the goalposts to provide protection to the goal in addition to the [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]]. The thinking behind placing a player beside a goalpost is that it means more of the goal area is protected and there is no loss in the ability to play an [[Offside (association football)|offside trap]] because offside does not apply for the first touch from a corner, and it compensates for a keeper's positioning and/or reach.

The defending team also has to decide how many players it needs to defend a corner. Teams may withdraw every player into a defensive area, however this diminishes the potential for a counter-attack if possession is regained, and as such, allows the attacking side to commit more players to attacking the goal. Withdrawing all players into a defensive area also means that if the ball is cleared from an initial cross, it is more than likely that the attacking team will regain possession of the ball and begin a new attack.

In situations where a set-piece, such as a corner, is awarded to a side trailing by a single goal at the closing stages of a match where conceding further is of minimal consequence (i.e. in a knockout tournament) a team may commit all their players, [[Goalkeeper (association football)#Playmaking and attack|including their goalkeeper]], to the attack.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

====Man versus zonal marking====
Two popular strategies used for defending corners are called [[man marking]] and [[zonal marking]]. Man marking involves each defensive player at a corner being given an attacking player to defend, with their objective being to stop the attacking player from heading the ball. The other tactic, zonal marking, involves allocating each player to an area of the box to defend (their "zone"). The objective for players in zonal marking is to get to the ball first if it enters their zone and head it away from danger before an attacking player can reach it.

====Alternate tactics====
Rather than the kicker attempting a cross, an alternative strategy for the attacking team is the ''short corner''. The ball is passed to a player close the kicker, to create a better angle of approach toward the goal.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

Teams attempting to [[running out the clock|time-waste]] may keep the ball in the corner of the pitch for as long as possible rather than attempt an attack.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

=={{anchor|Olimpico goal}}Scoring a goal directly from a corner: ''Olimpico goal''==
[[File:Gololimpicodeonzari.jpg|thumb|[[Cesáreo Onzari]] scores a goal for [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] against [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] at [[Estadio Sportivo Barracas]]. This was the first goal scored direct from a corner kick, in 1924.]]

It is possible to score with a corner kick if sufficient [[Magnus effect|swerve]] is given to the kick and/or if wind is blowing toward the goal. The goalkeeper is usually considered at fault if a goal is scored from a corner.<ref name="Freddi">{{cite web |last=Freddi |first=Cris |date=March 2003 |title=Gol olimpico |url=http://www.wsc.co.uk/content/view/2569/29/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124113814/http://www.wsc.co.uk/content/view/2569/29 |archive-date=24 November 2009 |access-date=17 November 2009 |work=[[When Saturday Comes]]}}</ref>

This type of goal is called an ''Olympic goal'' or ''Olimpico goal.'' On 14 June 1924, the IFAB formally legalized scoring in this manner; the first such goal was scored on 2 October 1924 by [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]'s [[Cesáreo Onzari]] against [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]], who had just won the [[Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics|1924 Olympic title]].<ref name="fifa2015" /><ref name="Barnade" /><ref name="Freddi" />

For decades, English speakers generally used the term ''Olympic goal.'' But the 21st century has seen the rise in the use of ''Olimpico goal'', derived from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] term ''gol olímpico'' widely used in [[Latin America]].<ref name="fifa2015" /><ref name="Barnade" /> [[Max Bretos]] has used it on [[Fox Soccer Channel]] in the United States, reflecting Latino influence on [[Soccer in the United States|the sport's culture there]]. Virtually all reports of Megan Rapinoe's goal in the bronze medal match at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics referred to it as an ''Olimpico goal''.<ref name="Westwood" />

'''Notable examples'''
* Although FIFA states the first goal from a corner was scored by [[Billy Alston]] in Scotland on 21 August 1924,<ref name="fifa2015"/><ref name="Barnade"/> in fact, Alston's goal was from a header two days later on 23 August 1924, when Alston scored for [[St Bernard's F.C.]] in a [[1924–25 Scottish Division Two|Scottish Second Division]] match against [[Albion Rovers F.C.]].<ref name="Barnade"/>
* The first recorded Olimpico goal in England was by [[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]]'s [[Billy Smith (footballer born 1895)|Billy Smith]] on 11 October 1924.
* Portuguese footballer [[João Morais]] scored directly from a corner for [[Sporting Clube de Portugal]] in the [[1964 European Cup Winners' Cup Final]], eventually deciding the match and the destiny of the trophy.
*[[Steve Staunton]] scored two Olimpico goals for the [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Republic of Ireland]]: the first against [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] in the [[1992 U.S. Cup]] (7 June 1992), and the second against [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]] in the [[1994 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 3|1994 World Cup qualifiers]] on 31 March 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the42.ie/steve-staunton-corner-kick-goal-northern-ireland-848957-Mar2013/|title=It's exactly 20 years since Stan's corner-kick goal against Northern Ireland|first=Patrick|last=McCarry|date=31 March 2013|website=The 42}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soccer-ireland.com/football-statistics/score-direct-corner.htm|title=Score direct fom a corner kick : Irish internationals Johnny Gavin & Steve Staunton|date=31 December 2022}}</ref>
* [[Megan Rapinoe]] from the [[United States women's national soccer team|United States]] scored the first Olimpico goal at the [[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] in the [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament – Knockout stage#Canada vs United States|2012 women's semi-final match]] against [[Canada women's national soccer team|Canada]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/olympics/2012/writers/grant_wahl/08/06/olympics-usa-canada/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808002542/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/olympics/2012/writers/grant_wahl/08/06/olympics-usa-canada/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 August 2012|title=Olympics: USA vs Canada|last=Wahl|first=Grant|date=6 August 2012|magazine=Sports Illustrated|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=25 August 2017}}; {{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/vault/2012/08/06/106219646/unquiet-american|title=Unquiet American|date=6 August 2012|last=Wahl|first=Grant|magazine=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> as well as in the [[Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament#Bronze medal match|2020 bronze medal match]] against [[Australia women's national soccer team|Australia]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/olympics/2021/08/05/megan-rapinoe-olimpico-goal-video-australia-bronze-medal-carli-lloyd|title=Megan Rapinoe Scores Olimpico Goal in Olympics to Help USWNT Win Bronze|last=Gastelum|first=Andrew|date=5 August 2021|magazine=Sports Illustrated|access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref>
* The first Olimpico goal in the men's [[FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] was achieved at the [[1962 FIFA World Cup]] in the group stage match between [[Colombia]] and the [[Soviet Union]] by [[Marco Coll|Marcos Coll]], beating [[Lev Yashin]], widely considered the best goalkeeper of all time.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/2018russia/news/olympic-goal-scorer-marcos-coll-dies-aged-81-2893130-x3527|title=Olympic goal scorer Marcos Coll dies aged 81}}</ref><ref>[https://olympics.com/en/news/what-is-an-olympic-goal FIFA World Cup 2022: What is an Olympic goal and how many have been scored at the World Cup?]</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jun/12/golden-goal-marcos-coll-scores-from-a-corner-for-colombia-v-ussr-1962|title=Golden Goal: Marcos Coll scores from a corner for Colombia v USSR (1962)|first=Niall|last=McVeigh|date=12 June 2018|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> although new investigations seem to indicate that it was in the 1938 World Cup in a three-goal draw and was scored by Jose Magriña.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-23 |title=El Nuevo Blog del Futbol Cubano: El primer gol olímpico en la historia de los mundiales lo anoto un cubano y no un colombiano. |url=http://futboldecuba.blogspot.com/2020/05/el-primer-gol-olimpico-en-la-historia.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=El Nuevo Blog del Futbol Cubano}}</ref>
* In January 2012, Paul Owens took advantage of strong winds to score two goals direct from corners in the second half of Coleraine's 3–1 win over Glenavon at the [[Irish Premiership]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-Qzf8Arz5k |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/O-Qzf8Arz5k |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Paul Owens scores two direct corners in a game|last=BartholomaeusBaer|date=22 January 2012|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* In [[Vietnam women's national football team|Vietnam]]'s 7–0 demolition of [[Malaysia women's national football team|Malaysia]] at the [[2015 AFF Women's Championship]] on home soil, [[Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Dung]] scored two goals from direct corners. They were scored on either side, with either foot. She also scored another direct corner goal against regional rivals [[Myanmar women's national football team|Myanmar]] at the [[2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup]].
* At the [[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup]], [[Elise Kellond-Knight]] scored directly from a corner in the 83rd minute for [[Australia women's national soccer team|Australia]] to bring the score to 1–1 against [[Norway women's national football team|Norway]]. Norway went on to win the match on penalties.
* [[Melbourne Victory FC (W-League)|Melbourne Victory]] won the [[2021 W-League grand final]] after [[Kyra Cooney-Cross]] scored directly from a corner in the 120th minute.<ref>{{cite web |title=Melbourne Victory score direct from corner to beat Sydney to W-League title |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/apr/11/kyra-cooney-cross-scores-w-league-grand-final-winner-for-melbourne-victory-against-sydney-fc-in-final-seconds-of-extra-time |website=The Guardian |access-date=22 November 2021 |date=April 11, 2021 |agency=Australian Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Melbourne Victory beat Sydney FC 1-0 to win W-League grand final in extra time |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-11/w-league-grand-final-melbourne-victory-beat-sydney-fc/100061310 |website=ABC News |access-date=22 November 2021 |date=April 11, 2021}}</ref>
* [[Mohsin Al-Khaldi]] scored directly from a corner to put [[Oman national football team|Oman]] in the lead against [[Vietnam national football team|Vietnam]] in the [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|third round]] of [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|qualification for the 2022 FIFA World Cup]]. He could have scored one more against [[China national football team|China]], if not for [[Amjad Al-Harthi]]'s slight touch on the ball before it went into the net.
* [[Manchester United W.F.C.|Manchester United women]] midfielder [[Katie Zelem]] scored two Olimpico goals in a 4–0 win against [[Leicester City]] on 6 March 2022 in the [[FA Women's Super League]].
* [[Douglas Luiz]] scored directly from a corner in [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]'s 2–1 defeat to [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in the Premier League on 31 August 2022. It was the second time in a week he scored directly from a corner after scoring the same goal against Bolton Wanderers in Aston Villa's 4–1 win over them in the EFL Cup.
* [[Claire Emslie]] scored directly from a corner for [[Angel City FC]] in their [[National Women's Soccer League]] match against [[Seattle Reign FC|OL Reign]] which ultimately finished as a 4–1 defeat on May 23, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff and news service reports {{!}} news@scng. com |date=2023-05-27 |title=OL Reign, Megan Rapinoe dice up Angel City FC |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2023/05/27/ol-reign-megan-rapinoe-dice-up-angel-city-fc/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Katie McCabe]] scored directly from a corner in [[Republic of Ireland women's national football team|Republic of Ireland]]'s [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|FIFA Women's World Cup]] group stage 1–2 defeat against [[Canada women's national soccer team|Canada]] on 26 July 2023.
* [[Tristan Borges]] scored an Olimpico as the game-winning goal in extra time of the [[2023 Canadian Premier League final]] to secure the league championship for [[Forge FC]] in a 2–1 win over [[Cavalry FC]].<ref name="CPL title">{{cite web |last1=Wharnsby |first1=Tim |title=Borges scores 'Olympico' goal as Forge FC completes comeback to win 4th CPL title |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/cpl/canadian-premier-league-final-recap-forge-fc-cavalry-fc-oct-28-1.7011859 |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |work=[[CBC Sports]] |access-date=October 29, 2023 |date=October 28, 2023}}</ref>
* [[James Ward-Prowse]] scored an Olimpico as the game-winning goal in [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]]'s 2–1 win against [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] in a Premier League match on 6 April 2024.
* [[Christian Pulisic]] scored an Olimpico in [[AC Milan]]'s 3–1 [[2024–25 UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League]] win over [[Club Brugge KV|Club Brugge]] on 22 October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Pulisic scores 'Olimpico' goal for Milan in UCL |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/41944740/christian-pulisic-olimpico-goal-corner-ac-milan-ucl-brugge |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}
* [[Heung Min Son]] scored an Olimpico as the fourth goal in [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]'s 4–3 win against [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] in a League Cup quarterfinal match on 19 December 2024.

==Corner instead of own goal from restart==
Most methods of restarting the game do not permit the scoring of an [[own goal]] directly from the restart;{{#tag:ref|A theoretical exception is the [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]];<ref>LOTG 14 "A goal may be scored directly from a penalty kick"</ref> however, since the ball must be kicked forward, an own goal from a penalty kick would require an extraordinary set of circumstances to occur, for example, the ball to hit the crossbar and then travel the entire length of the pitch, going into the kicker's own goal.<ref>LOTG 14.1 "The player taking the penalty kick must kick the ball forward"</ref>|group="nb"}} if the ball enters the goal directly, a corner is awarded instead. This is the case for the [[Kick-off (association football)|kick-off]],<ref>LOTG 8.1</ref> [[goal kick]],<ref group="nb" name="explicitly2016"/> [[dropped ball]],{{#tag:ref|This was added to the Laws of the Game in 2012, in order to prevent scoring a goal on an "uncontested" dropped ball.<ref>LOTG 8.2; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120824184223/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/01/64/44/22/circularno.1302-amendmentstothelawsofthegame-2012%5f2013.pdf#page=3 FIFA Circular 1302 p.3]</ref> A corner kick is only awarded if the ball enters the own goal directly from the first touch after a ''properly taken'' dropped ball; an improperly taken dropped ball is retaken.|group="nb"}} [[throw-in]],<ref>LOTG 15</ref> corner kick,{{#tag:ref|This was explicitly added to the Laws of the Game in 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2016/4/14/11429756/the-rules-of-soccer-are-changing-you-cant-score-an-own-goal-from-a?_ga=2.164167996.284906813.1502803412-329242256.1441989457|title=The rules of soccer are changing! You can't score an own goal from a corner anymore.|last=Thomas|first=Andi|date=14 April 2016|work=[[SBNation]]|access-date=15 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="lotg2016changes">{{cite web|url=http://www.theifab.com/files/4%20-%20Presentation%20Law%20Changes_v0.3.pdf|title=Revision of The Laws of the Game: Summary of the Law changes for 2016/17 effective from 1 June 2016|author=IFAB |date=April 2016|pages=53, 55|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418081951/http://www.theifab.com/files/4%20-%20Presentation%20Law%20Changes_v0.3.pdf|archive-date=18 April 2016}}</ref> having previously been an official IFAB interpretation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hvsra.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2016-2017-Law-changes-for-USSF-referees.pdf#page=42|title=2016–2017 Law Changes for USSF Referees|date=June 2016|publisher=HVSRA|pages=42, 44|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816191555/http://hvsra.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2016-2017-Law-changes-for-USSF-referees.pdf#page=42|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="explicitly2016"}}<ref>LOTG 17</ref> and [[free kick]] (direct or indirect).<ref>LOTG 13.1</ref> Such incidents are extremely rare, and in some cases require unusual or extraordinary circumstances in order to occur (for example, a ball from a corner kick would have to travel the entire length of the field and enter the kicker's own goal without being touched by any other player).

In a [[1983–84 Football League#Third Division|1983–84 English Third Division]] match, [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]] were incorrectly credited with a goal against [[Wimbledon F.C|Wimbledon]] rather than a corner, when [[Wally Downes]]' free-kick backpass eluded an off-guard [[Dave Beasant]].<ref name="SimpsonHesse2013">{{cite book|last1=Simpson|first1=Paul|last2=Hesse|first2=Uli|title=Who Invented the Stepover?: and other crucial football conundrums|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|access-date=16 August 2017|date=7 November 2013|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=9781847658425|page=78|chapter=Why can'y you score an own goal from a direct free kick?}}</ref><ref name="Ward2016">{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Andrew|title=Football's Strangest Matches: Extraordinary but true stories from over a century of football|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4SgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT148|access-date=16 August 2017|date=12 February 2016|publisher=Pavilion Books|isbn=9781911042280|page=148|chapter=Referee who Forgot the Rules}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In a [[2002–03 FA Premier League]] match, [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] scored against [[Second City derby|their local rivals]] [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] when [[Olof Mellberg]]'s throw-in backpass was missed by Villa goalkeeper [[Peter Enckelman]], who reacted with dismay but later claimed he had made no contact and the goal should not have been awarded. His reaction may have persuaded referee [[David Elleray]] that Enckelman had grazed the ball; manager [[Graham Taylor]] suggested it showed he was unaware of the corner rule, a charge Enckelman denied.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/2262629.stm |title=Freak goal stuns Taylor |work=[[BBC Sport]] |date=17 September 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.wsc.co.uk/the-archive/108-Referees/2724-wrong-side-of-the-laws |title=Wrong side of the laws |last=Parish |first=Steve |date=November 2002 |journal=[[When Saturday Comes]] |number=189 |access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/sep/17/newsstory.sport6|title=Enckelman: I knew the rules|date=17 September 2002|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref>

==History==

===Background===
[[File:Thomas Hemy Sunderland v Aston Villa 1895 A Corner Kick.jpg|thumb|250px|1895 painting, "A Corner Kick", by Thomas M.M. Hemy, depicting an 1895 match between [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] and [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]]]
[[File:Oxford Takes a Corner (1905).png|thumb|250px|A corner-kick in the annual [[Oxford University A.F.C.|Oxford]] v [[Cambridge University A.F.C.|Cambridge]] match (photograph published 1905)]]
Under the original 1863 rules of the Football Association, a ball kicked behind the goal-line was treated similarly to present-day rugby: if an attacking player touched the ball down first, the attacking team was awarded a free-kick at goal (similar to a conversion in rugby), while if a defending player touched the ball down first, the defending team was awarded a goal-kick.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1863) |quote=In case the ball goes behind the goal line, if a player on the side to whom the goal belongs first touches the ball, one of his side shall be entitled to a free kick from the goal line at the point opposite the place where the ball shall be touched. If a player of the opposite side first touches the ball, one of his side shall be entitled to a free kick (but at the goal only) from a point 15 yards from the goal line opposite the place where the ball is touched. The opposing side shall stand behind their goal line until he has had his kick.}}</ref> These rules were subsequently simplified, so that by 1867 a goal-kick was awarded in all circumstances, regardless of which team touched the ball.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1867) |quote=When the ball is kicked behind the goal line, it must be kicked off by the side behind whose goal it went, within six yards from the limit of their goal.}}</ref>

During this period, clubs around Sheffield played their [[Sheffield rules|own distinctive code of football]]. The laws promulgated in early March 1867 by the newly formed [[Sheffield Football Association]] contained a similar rule: a goal-kick was awarded whenever the ball went behind the goal-line, regardless of which team touched the ball.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Sheffield Rules (March 1867) |quote=When the ball is kicked behind the goal line or over the bars of the goal or rouge flags, it must be kicked off by the side behind whose goal it went, within six yards from the limit of their goal.}}</ref>
One problem with these early rules was mentioned at the 1867 FA meeting:<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Bell's Life in London |title=The Football Association |date=1867-03-02 |page=9 |issue=2341 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Football_Association_(Bell%27s_Life_in_London)_1867-03-02.png}}</ref> {{blockquote|Where one side was very much weaker than the other, a very great deal of time was wasted by players intentionally letting the ball go behind their own goal-line (in some instances kicking it there themselves) particularly in playing against time.}}

===Introduction in Sheffield rules===
An early law providing for a ''throw-in'' from the corner flag had already been used by the Sheffield Mechanics' Football Club for the 1865–66 season:<ref>{{cite journal |title=Rules in 1866 |journal=Nottingham Evening Post |date=22 February 1935 |page=14}}</ref>{{blockquote|When the ball is in touch, the side that first touches it must bring it to the edge of the touch at the place where it went in, and throw it straight out at least six yards, and it must touch the ground before coming in contact with any player, ''except it be kicked out at the goal-sides, then it must be taken to the corner-flag and thrown in''.}}

The corner-kick itself was suggested in a letter to the editor of the ''[[Sheffield Daily Telegraph]]'' published on 22 March 1867.<ref name="rouge"/> The author, writing under the [[pseudonym]] "Rouge", argued that the then-current rule was "a great inducement to foul and dishonourable play, for it is manifestly to the advantage of a defending side to allow the ball to pass their goal line, they having the great advantage or a free kick-off". Instead, Rouge suggested, "when the ball is kicked behind the goal-line, the players [should] run for touch, and the side winning the touch, kicks in from the nearest corner-flag".<ref name="rouge">{{cite journal |author=Rouge |title=To the editor of the Sheffield Daily Telegraph |journal=Sheffield Daily Telegraph |date=22 March 1867 |page=4 |issue=3680 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_to_the_editor_(Sheffield_Daily_Telegraph)_1867-03-22.png}}</ref>

The corner-kick was introduced to Sheffield football the following year, as the result of a rule-change proposed by [[Norfolk F.C.]] The law, adopted in October 1868, ran:<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Sheffield Rules (1868)}}</ref> {{blockquote|When the ball is kicked over the bar of the goal, it must be kicked-off by the side behind whose goal it went, within six yards from the limit of their goal. The side who thus kick the ball are entitled to a fair kick-off in whatever way they please; the opposite side not being allowed to approach within six yards of the ball. When the ball is kicked behind the goal line, a player of the opposite side to that which kicked it out, shall kick it in from the nearest corner-flag; no player to be allowed within six yards of the ball until kicked.}}
This Sheffield form of the corner-kick had two significant differences from today's version:
* The corner-kick could be awarded to either the attacking or the defending team, depending on which team kicked the ball behind the goal-line.
* When the ball was kicked ''directly over the crossbar'', by either team, a goal-kick was awarded to the defending team.
The Sheffield clubs would retain this form of the corner-kick rule until they adopted the FA's rules wholesale in 1877.

===Introduction in association football===
In 1872, the Sheffield Association successfully introduced the corner-kick into the Football Association's code. The new FA rule was identical to the Sheffield rule, as described above.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1872) |quote=When the ball is kicked over the bar of the goal, it must be kicked off by the side behind whose goal it went, within six yards from the limit of their goal. The side who thus kick the ball are entitled to a fair kick off in whatever way they please; the opposite side not being allowed to approach within six yards of the ball. When the ball is kicked behind the goal line, a player of the opposite side to that which kicked it out shall kick it from the nearest corner flag. No player to be allowed within six yards of the ball until kicked.}}</ref>

===1873 changes===
The next year, 1873, the FA rule was rewritten, under a proposal by [[Marlow F.C.|Great Marlow FC]], to essentially its current form:<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1873) |year=1873}}</ref>
* When the attacking team kicked the ball behind the goal-line, a goal-kick was awarded to the defending team
* When the defending team kicked the ball behind the goal-line, a corner-kick was awarded to the attacking team.
The FA rule of 1873 stated: {{blockquote|When the ball is kicked behind the goal-line by one of the opposite side, it shall be kicked off by any one of the players behind whose goal line it went, within six yards of the nearest goal post; but if kicked behind by any one of the side whose goal line it is, a player of the opposite side shall kick it from the nearest corner flag-post. In either case no other player shall be allowed within six yards of the ball until kicked off.}}

===Subsequent developments===

====Name====
The name "corner-kick" first appears in the laws of 1883.<ref name="laws_1883"/> Before this, the phrase "corner-flag kick" was used (1875).
<ref name="laws_1875"/>

====Position of the kick====
In 1874, the kick was allowed to be taken from within one yard of the corner-flag, rather than from the flag itself.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1874) |quote=When the ball is kicked behind the goal-line by one of the opposite side, it shall be kicked off by any one of the players behind whose goal line it went, within six yards of the nearest goal post; but if kicked behind by any one of the side whose goal line it is, a player of the opposite side shall kick it from within one yard of the nearest corner flag-post. In either case no other player shall be allowed within six yards of the ball until kicked off.}}</ref>

====Position of other players====
Initially, all other players were forbidden to be within six yards of the ball at a corner-kick; this was altered to all ''opposing'' players in 1888.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1888) |quote=When the ball is played behind the goal-line by one of the opposite side, it shall be kicked off by any one of the players behind whose goal line it went within six yards of the nearest goal-post; but if played behind by any one of the side whose goal-line it is, a player of the opposite side shall kick it from within one yard of the nearest corner flag-post. '''In either case no opponent shall be allowed within six yards of the ball until it is kicked off.'''}}</ref> In 1913 and 1914, the distance was increased from six yards to ten yards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1913min.pdf|title=International Football Association Board: 1913 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1914min.pdf|title=International Football Association Board: 1914 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting}}</ref><ref name="laws_1913_14">The [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(1913) Laws of 1913] are ambiguous: Law 7, which governs goal-kicks and corner-kicks, states "an opponent shall not be allowed within six yards of the ball until it is kicked off"; but Law 10, which governs several types of set-piece kicks, was changed to state that "the kicker's opponents shall not approach within '''10''' yards of the ball until the kick is taken". The Football Association used the new 10-yard rule for goal-kicks and corner-kicks during the 1913-14 season, while the Scottish Football Association used the older 6-yard rule -- see {{cite journal |journal=The Athletic News and Cyclists' Journal |page=1 |date=6 October 1913 |title=The New Free Kick Law |issue=1984}} This ambiguity was resolved in [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(1914) 1914] by requiring a 10-yard radius in both laws.</ref> In 2006, the minimum distance was specified as ten yards ''from the corner area'', rather than from the ball.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ssbra.org/lib/2006_IFAB_Agenda.pdf |title=Agenda of the 120th Annual General Meeting of the International Football Association Board |page=13 |access-date=13 January 2020 |year=2006}}</ref>

====Putting the ball into play====
In 1905, it was specified that the ball "must make a complete circuit or travel the distance of its circumference" before being in play.<ref name="laws_1905">{{cite wikisource |Laws of the Game (1905) |quote=When a free kick has been awarded, the kicker's opponents shall not approach within 6 yards of the ball unless they are standing on their own goal-line. '''The ball must at least be rolled over before it shall be considered played; i.e., it must make a complete circuit or travel the distance of its circumference'''. The kicker shall not play the ball a second time until it has been played by another player. The kick-off (except as provided by Law 2), '''corner-kick''', and goal-kick, shall be free kicks within the meaning of this Law. [emphasis added] }}</ref> In 1997, this requirement was eliminated: the ball became in play as soon as it was kicked and moved.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1997min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1997 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |page=140 |access-date=3 December 2019 }}</ref> In 2016, it was specified that the ball must "clearly" move.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/IFAB_laws_of_the_game_changes.pdf |page=48 |title=IFAB: Law Changes 2016-17 |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615041349/http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/assets/documents/IFAB_laws_of_the_game_changes.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Offside from a corner-kick====
When first introduced in 1872, the corner-kick was required to be taken from the corner-flag itself, which made it impossible for an attacking player to be in an offside position directly from a corner. In 1874, the kick was allowed to be taken up to one yard from the corner-flag, thus opening up the possibility of a player being in an offside position by being ahead of the ball. At the [[International Football Conference]] of December 1882, it was agreed that a player should not be offside from a corner-kick; this change was incorporated into the Laws of the Game in 1883.<ref name="laws_1883">{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1883) |quote=When a player kicks the ball, or throws it in from touch, any one of the same side who, at such moment of kicking or throwing, is nearer to the opponents' goal-line is out of play, and may not touch the ball himself, nor in any way whatever prevent any other player from doing so until the ball has been played, unless there are at such moment of kicking or throwing at least three of his opponents nearer their own goal line; '''but no player is out of play in the case of a corner-kick''' or when the ball is kicked from the goal line, or when it has been last played by an opponent.}}</ref>

====Scoring a goal from a corner-kick====

When it was first introduced in 1872, there was no restriction on [[#Olympic goal|scoring a goal directly from a corner-kick]]. In 1875, this was forbidden,<ref name="laws_1875"/> but it was subsequently legalised by the [[International Football Association Board]] (IFAB) meeting of 14 June 1924 with effect from for the following season, and is now referred to as an ''Olimpico goal''.<ref name="fifa2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2011/m=11/news=getting-grips-with-the-gol-olimpico-1537608.html|title=Getting to grips with the 'gol olímpico'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813034801/https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2011/m=11/news=getting-grips-with-the-gol-olimpico-1537608.html |archive-date=13 August 2015| date=2 January 2015|work=Off the ball|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Barnade">{{cite web |url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/fundador-gol-olimpico_0_1066093752.html|title=El gol olímpico cumple 80 |last=Barnade |first=Oscar |date=October 2004 |work=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es |access-date=17 November 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ssbra.org/html/laws/IFABarc/pdf/1924/1924min.pdf |title=Minutes of the AGM of the IFAB |date=14 June 1924 |publisher=SSBRA |page=3 |access-date=29 November 2009 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616011341/http://ssbra.org/html/laws/IFABarc/pdf/1924/1924min.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2011 }}</ref> In 1997, the laws were amended to remove the possibility of scoring an [[own goal]] directly from a corner kick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1997min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1997 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |page=140 |access-date=8 October 2018}}</ref>

====Touching the ball twice from a corner-kick====

When initially introduced in 1872, there was no restriction on [[dribbling]] from a corner-kick. In 1875, this was changed: it was forbidden for a player to touch the ball again after taking a corner-kick, before the ball had been touched by another player.<ref name="laws_1875">{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1875) |quote=In no case shall a goal be scored from any free kick, nor shall the ball be again played by the kicker until it has been played by another player. The kick-off and corner-flag kick shall be free kicks within the meaning of this rule}}</ref>

In 1924, this restriction was accidentally removed, as an unintended consequence of the law-change allowing a goal to be scored directly from a corner.<ref name="minutes_1924">{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1924min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1924 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |access-date=16 October 2018 |page=4}}</ref> This possibility was exploited by [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] winger [[Sam Chedgzoy]] in a match against [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] on 15 November of that year.<ref>{{cite journal |page=2 |title=That Corner Kick Rule |journal=The Daily Mail |location=Hull |date=19 November 1924 |issue=12209}}</ref> At the end of November, the International Football Association Board issued emergency instructions that dribbling was once again forbidden.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Corner Kick Ruling |page=2 |journal=Western Morning News |date=29 November 1924 |issue=20189 |location=Plymouth}}</ref> The law was formally amended to prohibit dribbling at the next annual meeting of the Board, in 1925.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Off-Side Change Carried |page=8 |journal=Berwickshire News |date=23 June 1925 |location=Duns}}</ref><ref name="minutes_1925">{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1925min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1925 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |access-date=16 October 2018 |page=4}}</ref>

====Punishment for infringement====
In 1882, an indirect free-kick was awarded when the player taking the corner-kick touched the ball again before it had touched another player.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1882) |quote=11. In the event of any infringement of Rules 5, 6, 8, or 9, '''12''', or 14, a free kick shall be forfeited to the opposite side from the spot where the infringement took place. 12. In no case shall a goal be scored from any free kick, '''nor shall the ball be again played by the kicker until it has been played by another player. The kick-off and corner-flag kick shall be free kicks within the meaning of this rule''' [emphasis added]. }}</ref>

In 1905, an indirect free-kick was awarded for any infringement at a corner-kick.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1905) |quote=[Law 10]: When a free kick has been awarded, the kicker's opponents shall not approach within 6 yards of the ball unless they are standing on their own goal-line. The ball must at least be rolled over before it shall be considered played; i.e., it must make a complete circuit or travel the distance of its circumference. The kicker shall not play the ball a second time until it has been played by another player. The kick-off (except as provided by Law 2), '''corner-kick''', and goal-kick, shall be free kicks within the meaning of this Law. [Law 17]: In the event of any infringement of Laws 5, 6, 8, '''10''', or 16, a free kick shall be awarded to the opposite side, [emphasis added]}}</ref>

These penalties were accidentally removed from the laws in 1924, as described above. In 1930, both penalties were reinstated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1930min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1930 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |at=p. 2 [p. 3 of PDF] |access-date=27 December 2019 |quote=LAW 10 (last sentence) Re-insert the words 'corner kick'}}</ref> In 1973, the remedy for infringements other than the double touch was changed to a retake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1973min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1973 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |at=p. 13 [p. 14 of PDF] |quote=For any other infringement the kick shall be retaken |access-date=27 December 2019 }}</ref>

====Pitch markings====

The one-yard quarter-circle pitch marking is first explicitly mentioned in the Laws of the Game in 1938, but appears in the diagram of the pitch as early as 1902.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1900-39/1902-03/IFAB1902.html|title=International Football Association Board meeting 1902|website=www.englandfootballonline.com}}</ref> In 1995, the Laws of the Game were updated to explicitly allow optional marks on the goal line 11 yards from the corner flag, at right angles to the goal-line, to aid the referee in enforcing the minimum distance from the corner kick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1995min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1995 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |at=p. 6 [p. 8 of the PDF] |access-date=13 January 2020 }}</ref> In 2008, similar optional marks were permitted at right angles to the touch lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lotg_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206073655/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/federation/81/42/36/lotg%5fen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 December 2008 |title=Laws of the Game 2008/2009 |at=p. 6 [p. 8 of the PDF] |access-date=13 January 2020 }}</ref> (In 1977, the Scottish FA had proposed an additional pitch-marking of a quarter-circle with a radius of 11 yards for this purpose, but the suggestion was rejected).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1977min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1977 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |at=p. 2 [p. 4 of the PDF] |access-date=13 January 2020 }}</ref>

====Use as a tiebreaker====
In the early 1920s, some charity matches began using corner-kicks as a tie-breaker in order to avoid replays.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Athletic News |date=1923-04-02 |page=1 |title=En Passant |quote=This change is not quite so unnecessary as it might appear, for matches have been decided by corner-kicks to prevent replays in charity games late in the season.}}</ref> In response, the laws of the game were amended in 1923 to state explicitly that the goal was the only means of scoring, and that a match that ended with equal number of goals scored was drawn.<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=Laws of the Game (1923)|quote=A game shall be won by the team scoring the greater number of goals. If no goals have been scored, or the scores are equal at the end of the game, the game shall be drawn|sign=|source=}}</ref>
Despite this, the [[Dublin City Cup]] (until the 1960s) and [[Dublin and Belfast Inter-City Cup]] (in the 1940s) used corner count as a tiebreaker in knockout rounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bohemianfc.com/?p=9377|title=The 1945 Inter-City Cup: War, Goals, Controversy and death by corner kicks|last=Farrell|first=Gerard|date=1 October 2015|publisher=[[Bohemian FC]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/ierdublincityhist.html|title=Ireland - Dublin City Cup Winners|first=Sean |last=DeLoughry|date=28 May 2015|publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> The use of corner-kicks in this manner was never approved by the [[International Football Association Board]], and in 1970 IFAB endorsed the [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] as its approved method of breaking ties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssbra.org/ifab/assets/pdf/1970min.pdf |title=International Football Association Board: 1970 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting |page=6 |access-date=24 January 2019 }}</ref>

====Summary====
This table includes only kicks from the corner flag awarded to the attacking team after the ball goes out of play over the goal line. For kicks awarded to the defending team, see the [[Goal kick#Summary|goal kick]] article.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;width:auto;table-layout:fixed"
|-
!style="width: 12em"| Date
! Awarded when
! Location of corner-kick
! Minimum distance required (team-mates)
! Minimum distance required (opponents)
! Kicker may play ball again before it is touched by another player
! Attacking goal may be scored from a corner-kick
! Own goal may be scored from a corner-kick
! Player may be offside from a corner-kick
|-
| {{rh}} | 1863
| Never
| colspan=7 {{n/a}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1872
| rowspan=1 | Ball last touched by a player on the defending team, ''and'' ball did not go out of play directly over the goal
| rowspan=2 | From the corner-flag itself
| rowspan=5 | 6 yards
| rowspan=6 | 6 yards
| rowspan=3 {{Yes}}
| rowspan=3 {{Yes}}
| rowspan=3 {{Yes}}
| rowspan=2 {{No}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1873
| rowspan=9 | Ball last touched by a player on the defending team
|-
| {{rh}} | 1874
| rowspan=8 | From within one yard of the corner-flag
|rowspan=2 {{Yes}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1875
| rowspan=4 {{No}}
| rowspan=4 {{No}}
| rowspan=4 {{No}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1883
| rowspan=6 {{No}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1888
| rowspan=5 | None
|-
| {{rh}} | 1913,1914<ref name="laws_1913_14"/>
| rowspan=4 | 10 yards
|-
| {{rh}} | 1924 (June)
| rowspan=1 {{Yes}}
| rowspan=3 {{Yes}}
| rowspan=2 {{Yes}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1924 (November)
| rowspan=2 {{No}}
|-
| {{rh}} | 1997
| rowspan=1 {{No}}
|}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==

===Sources===
* (LOTG) {{cite web |url=http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/274/092646_180517_LotG_17_18_FINAL_EN.pdf |title=Laws of the Game 2017–2018 |author=International Football Association Board |publisher=FIFA |date=2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152005/http://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/274/092646_180517_LotG_17_18_FINAL_EN.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2017 |url-status=live }}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Corner kick}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725072040/http://asktheref.com/Soccer%20Rules/Search/Law/Corner%20Kick/- Q&A on Corner Kicks (from AskTheRef.com)]
{{Association football laws}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Corner Kick}}
[[Category:Laws of association football]]
[[Category:Kick (association football)]]
[[Category:Association football terminology]]
[[Category:Association football tactics]]
[[Category:Association football skills]]

Avulsion fracture

2024-12-13T14:14:33Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Tearing away of a bone by physical trauma}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Avulsion fracture
| synonyms =
| image = Avulsion_fracture_svg_hariadhi.svg
| image2 = AvulsionvolarmidproxmetacarpalMark.png
| caption2 = Avulsion fracture of the proximal middle phalanx on the palm side
| pronounce =
| field = orthopedic
| symptoms =
| complications =
| onset =
| duration =
| types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
[[File:MalletFinger.PNG|thumb|Avulsion fracture of a fingertip bone]]
An '''avulsion fracture''' is a [[bone fracture]] which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of [[physical trauma]]. This can occur at the [[ligament]] by the application of forces external to the body (such as a fall or pull) or at the [[tendon]] by a muscular contraction that is stronger than the forces holding the bone together. Generally muscular avulsion is prevented by the neurological limitations placed on [[muscle contraction]]s. Highly trained [[Athlete|athletes]] can overcome this neurological inhibition of strength and produce a much greater force output capable of breaking or avulsing a bone.

==Types==
===Dental avulsion===
{{Main article|Dental avulsion}}
[[dental trauma|Traumatic]] complete displacement of a [[tooth]] from its socket in [[alveolar bone]]. It is a serious [[dental emergency]] in which [[Treatment of knocked-out (avulsed) teeth|prompt management]] (within 20–40 minutes of injury) affects the [[prognosis]] of the tooth.<ref name="AlDT">{{cite journal |author= Zadik Y |title=Algorithm of first-aid management of dental trauma for medics and corpsmen |journal=Dent Traumatol |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=698–701 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19021668 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00649.x}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Tuberosity avulsion}}Tuberosity avulsion of the 5th metatarsal===
[[file:Proximal fractures of 5th metatarsal.jpg|thumb|left|Proximal fractures of 5th metatarsal]]
The [[tuberosity]] avulsion fracture (also known as '''pseudo-Jones fracture''' or '''dancer's fracture'''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/825060-overview |title= Foot Fracture |author = Robert Silbergleit |publisher=[[Medscape]] |access-date= October 19, 2011}}</ref> is a common fracture of the [[fifth metatarsal]] (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe).<ref name="Rosenberg">{{cite journal |journal= Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons |title= Treatment Strategies for Acute Fractures and Nonunions of the Proximal Fifth Metatarsal |author= Gary A. Rosenberg |author2= James J. Sferra |name-list-style= amp |date= September–October 2000 |volume = 8 |number= 5 |pages= 332–338|doi= 10.5435/00124635-200009000-00007 |pmid= 11029561 |s2cid= 40453020 }}</ref> This fracture is likely caused by the lateral band of the [[plantar aponeurosis]] (tendon).<ref>{{cite journal |journal= American Journal of Roentgenology |date= October 1984 |volume=143 |issue=4 |pages= 889–91 |title= Avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal: experimental study of pathomechanics |vauthors= Richli WR, Rosenthal DI |doi=10.2214/ajr.143.4.889|pmid= 6332501 }}</ref> Most of these fractures are treated with a hard-soled shoe or walking cast. This is needed until the pain goes away and then the patient can return to normal activities.<ref name="Rosenberg"/> Healing is usually completed within eight weeks.<ref>{{cite book |author= JC DeLee |title= Fractures and dislocations of the foot |editor= RA Mann |editor2= MJ Coughlin |work= Surgery of the Foot and Ankle |edition= 6th |location= St Louis |publisher= Mosby-Year Book |year= 1993 |volume= 2 |pages= 1627–1640}}</ref>

===Tibial tuberosity avulsion===
[[File:Avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity, annotated.jpg|thumb|X-ray of a 15-year-old male, showing an older avulsion fracture of the [[tibial tuberosity]].]]
A tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture is an incomplete or complete separation of the [[Tuberosity of the tibia|tibial tuberosity]] from the [[tibia]]. This occurs as a result of a violent [[Muscle contraction|contraction]] of the [[Quadriceps femoris muscle|quadriceps muscles]], most often as a result of a high-power jump. Incomplete fractures are usually treatable with the traditional RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) method, but complete/displaced fractures will most often require surgery to pin the tuberosity back in place. Tibial tuberosity avulsions occur most often in teenagers that engage in a large amount of sporting activities, and many studies {{which|date=August 2020}} have shown a history with [[Osgood-Schlatter's disease]] to be linked to the fracture.

== Treatment ==
[[File:Avulsion fracture of the left first metacarpal.jpg|thumb|X-ray of an avulsion fracture of the head of the [[First metacarpal|first (thumb) metacarpal]] on the left hand of a 16-year-old male, images taken one day and seven weeks after the injury, respectively.]]
If the fracture is small, it is usually sufficient to treat with rest and [[Splint (medicine)|support bandage]], but in more severe cases, surgery may be required. Ice may be used to relieve [[Swelling (medical)|swelling]].<ref name="FirstRef">{{cite web|publisher=[[Mayo Clinic]]|date=April 8, 2010|access-date=April 22, 2010|title=Avulsion fracture: How is it treated?|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/avulsion-fracture/AN00200}}</ref>

Displaced avulsion fractures are best managed by either [[Reduction (orthopedic surgery)|open reduction]] and internal fixation or closed reduction and pinning. Open reduction (using surgical incision) and [[internal fixation]] is used when pins, screws, or similar hardware is needed to fix the bone fragment.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

==Other animals==

===Dinosaurs===
In 2001, Bruce Rothschild and other [[paleontologists]] published a study examining evidence for [[tendon avulsions]] in [[theropod]] dinosaurs. Among the dinosaurs studied, [[avulsion injuries]] were only noted among ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' and ''[[Allosaurus]]''. [[Scars]] from these sorts of injuries were limited to the [[humerus]] and [[scapula]]. A divot on the humerus of [[Sue the T. rex|Sue the ''T. rex'']] was one such avulsion. The divot appears to be located at the origin of the [[deltoid muscle|deltoid]] or [[teres major]] muscles. The localization in theropod scapulae as evidenced by the tendon avulsion in Sue suggests that theropods may have had a musculature more complex and functionally different from those of [[Origin of birds|their descendants]], the birds.<ref name="rothschild-dino">Rothschild, B., Tanke, D. H., and Ford, T. L., 2001, Theropod stress fractures and tendon avulsions as a clue to activity: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 331-336.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mallet finger]]
* [[Segond fracture]]

==References==
{{Scholia|topic}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Fractures}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avulsion Fracture}}
[[Category:Bone fractures]]

Avulsion fracture

2024-12-13T14:13:48Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Tearing away of a bone by physical trauma}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Avulsion fracture
| synonyms =
| image = Avulsion_fracture_svg_hariadhi.svg
| image2 = AvulsionvolarmidproxmetacarpalMark.png
| caption2 = Avulsion fracture of the proximal middle phalanx on the palm side
| pronounce =
| field = orthopedic
| symptoms =
| complications =
| onset =
| duration =
| types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
[[File:MalletFinger.PNG|thumb|Avulsion fracture of a fingertip bone]]
An '''avulsion fracture''' is a [[bone fracture]] which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of [[physical trauma]]. This can occur at the [[ligament]] by the application of forces external to the body (such as a fall or pull) or at the [[tendon]] by a muscular contraction that is stronger than the forces holding the bone together. Generally muscular avulsion is prevented by the neurological limitations placed on [[muscle contraction]]s. Highly trained [[Athlete|athletes]] can overcome this neurological inhibition of strength and produce a much greater force output capable of breaking or avulsing a bone.

==Types==
===Dental avulsion===
{{Main article|Dental avulsion}}
[[dental trauma|Traumatic]] complete displacement of a [[tooth]] from its socket in [[alveolar bone]]. It is a serious [[dental emergency]] in which [[Treatment of knocked-out (avulsed) teeth|prompt management]] (within 20–40 minutes of injury) affects the [[prognosis]] of the tooth.<ref name="AlDT">{{cite journal |author= Zadik Y |title=Algorithm of first-aid management of dental trauma for medics and corpsmen |journal=Dent Traumatol |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=698–701 |date=December 2008 |pmid=19021668 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00649.x}}</ref>

==={{anchor|Tuberosity avulsion}}Tuberosity avulsion of the 5th metatarsal===
[[file:Proximal fractures of 5th metatarsal.jpg|thumb|left|Proximal fractures of 5th metatarsal]]
The [[tuberosity]] avulsion fracture (also known as '''pseudo-Jones fracture''' or '''dancer's fracture'''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/825060-overview |title= Foot Fracture |author = Robert Silbergleit |publisher=[[Medscape]] |access-date= October 19, 2011}}</ref> is a common fracture of the [[fifth metatarsal]] (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe).<ref name="Rosenberg">{{cite journal |journal= Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons |title= Treatment Strategies for Acute Fractures and Nonunions of the Proximal Fifth Metatarsal |author= Gary A. Rosenberg |author2= James J. Sferra |name-list-style= amp |date= September–October 2000 |volume = 8 |number= 5 |pages= 332–338|doi= 10.5435/00124635-200009000-00007 |pmid= 11029561 |s2cid= 40453020 }}</ref> This fracture is likely caused by the lateral band of the [[plantar aponeurosis]] (tendon).<ref>{{cite journal |journal= American Journal of Roentgenology |date= October 1984 |volume=143 |issue=4 |pages= 889–91 |title= Avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal: experimental study of pathomechanics |vauthors= Richli WR, Rosenthal DI |doi=10.2214/ajr.143.4.889|pmid= 6332501 }}</ref> Most of these fractures are treated with a hard-soled shoe or walking cast. This is needed until the pain goes away and then the patient can return to normal activities.<ref name="Rosenberg"/> Healing is usually completed within eight weeks.<ref>{{cite book |author= JC DeLee |title= Fractures and dislocations of the foot |editor= RA Mann |editor2= MJ Coughlin |work= Surgery of the Foot and Ankle |edition= 6th |location= St Louis |publisher= Mosby-Year Book |year= 1993 |volume= 2 |pages= 1627–1640}}</ref>

===Tibial tuberosity avulsion===
[[File:Avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity, annotated.jpg|thumb|X-ray of a 15-year-old male, showing an older avulsion fracture of the [[tibial tuberosity]].]]
A tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture is an incomplete or complete separation of the [[Tuberosity of the tibia|tibial tuberosity]] from the [[tibia]]. This occurs as a result of a violent [[Muscle contraction|contraction]] of the [[Quadriceps femoris muscle|quadriceps muscles]], most often as a result of a high-power jump. Incomplete fractures are usually treatable with the traditional RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) method, but complete/displaced fractures will most often require surgery to pin the tuberosity back in place. Tibial tuberosity avulsions occur most often in teenagers that engage in a large amount of sporting activities, and many studies {{which|date=August 2020}} have shown a history with [[Osgood-Schlatter's disease]] to be linked to the fracture.

== Treatment ==
[[File:Avulsion fracture of the left first metacarpal.jpg|thumb|X-ray of an avulsion fracture of the head of the [[First metacarpal|first (thumb) metacarpal]] on the left hand of a 16-year-old boy, radiographs taken one day and seven weeks after the injury, respectively.]]
If the fracture is small, it is usually sufficient to treat with rest and [[Splint (medicine)|support bandage]], but in more severe cases, surgery may be required. Ice may be used to relieve [[Swelling (medical)|swelling]].<ref name="FirstRef">{{cite web|publisher=[[Mayo Clinic]]|date=April 8, 2010|access-date=April 22, 2010|title=Avulsion fracture: How is it treated?|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/avulsion-fracture/AN00200}}</ref>

Displaced avulsion fractures are best managed by either [[Reduction (orthopedic surgery)|open reduction]] and internal fixation or closed reduction and pinning. Open reduction (using surgical incision) and [[internal fixation]] is used when pins, screws, or similar hardware is needed to fix the bone fragment.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

==Other animals==

===Dinosaurs===
In 2001, Bruce Rothschild and other [[paleontologists]] published a study examining evidence for [[tendon avulsions]] in [[theropod]] dinosaurs. Among the dinosaurs studied, [[avulsion injuries]] were only noted among ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' and ''[[Allosaurus]]''. [[Scars]] from these sorts of injuries were limited to the [[humerus]] and [[scapula]]. A divot on the humerus of [[Sue the T. rex|Sue the ''T. rex'']] was one such avulsion. The divot appears to be located at the origin of the [[deltoid muscle|deltoid]] or [[teres major]] muscles. The localization in theropod scapulae as evidenced by the tendon avulsion in Sue suggests that theropods may have had a musculature more complex and functionally different from those of [[Origin of birds|their descendants]], the birds.<ref name="rothschild-dino">Rothschild, B., Tanke, D. H., and Ford, T. L., 2001, Theropod stress fractures and tendon avulsions as a clue to activity: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 331-336.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mallet finger]]
* [[Segond fracture]]

==References==
{{Scholia|topic}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Fractures}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Avulsion Fracture}}
[[Category:Bone fractures]]

User:Hcoder3104

2024-12-13T14:01:46Z

Hcoder3104:

User:Hcoder3104

2024-12-13T14:01:18Z

Hcoder3104:

Hi, I am Hcoder3104! I am an active wikipedian, and frequently edit pages and join in on disscussions and nominations. If you want to contact me or complain about my politics, please use my [[User talk:Hcoder3104|talk page]] 😀! See what I'm working on [[User:Hcoder3104/sandbox|here]] and view my contributions [[Special:Contributions/Hcoder3104|here]]!

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*{{flag|Cyprus}} - [[Progressive Party of Working People|AKEL]]
*{{flag|Luxembourg}} - [[The Left (Luxembourg)|Dei Lenk]]
*''{{flag|European Union}}'' - [[The Left in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL|GUE/NGL]]

==Rating World Leaders 1-5==
{{notice|This list may include nations not listed above and may not include some nations listed above.}}
'''1-Terrible 5-Amazing'''
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Justin Trudeau]] - 1
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Xi Jinping]] - 4
*{{flagicon|India}} [[Narendra Modi]] - 1
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Joe Biden]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] - 4
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladimir Putin]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] - 3
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Fumio Kishida]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]] - 4
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Olaf Scholz]] - 2
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Emmanuel Macron]] - 1
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Rishi Sunak]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pedro Sanchez]] - 2

McMaster Faculty of Science

2024-11-25T13:46:17Z

Hcoder3104:

{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| image = Hamilton Hall at McMaster University.jpg
| caption = Hamilton Hall is the home to many classes and offices of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics in the Faculty of Science
| name = McMaster Faculty of Science
| established = 1962
| affiliation = [[McMaster University]]
| dean = [https://science.mcmaster.ca/contact/office-of-the-dean-of-science.html Dr. Maureen MacDonald]
| city = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]]
| state = [[Ontario|ON]]
| country = [[Canada]]
| students = 7,400
| website = [http://www.science.mcmaster.ca/ Faculty of Science]
}}

The '''Faculty of Science''' is the largest of six faculties at [[McMaster University]] in [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]], Canada. Founded in 1962, the faculty is located in the Westdale neighbourhood.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=McMaster University|date=|title=Faculty of Science|url=https://www.science.mcmaster.ca/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.science.mcmaster.ca}}</ref> It houses 6,800 undergraduate students and 600 graduate students, across 39 upper-year undergraduate programs ranging from astrophysics, biochemistry, earth and environmental sciences, to life sciences, human behaviour, kinesiology and medical and radiation sciences.<ref name=":0" /> Notable discoveries at [[McMaster University]] include the development of neutron spectroscopy by [[Bertram Brockhouse]] which earned him a Nobel Prize in [[Physics]] in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|last=The Nobel Foundation|date=|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1994|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1994/brockhouse/biographical/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-24|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

Under the presidency of Dr. [[Harry Thode|H.G. Thode]] in the 1960s, scientific research at McMaster was intensive and yielded important discoveries in the areas of science and engineering. In 1959, [[McMaster Nuclear Reactor|McMaster's Nuclear Reactor]] was built for the purpose of nuclear and medical radiation research. McMaster is the only Canadian university that contains a nuclear reactor in their campus. Scientific research at [[McMaster University]] earned the university high rankings in the areas of research and strength in science, where it is ranked seventh in Canada and 212th in the world according to QS University Rankings 2017 for Natural Sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|last=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|date=2020-02-26|title=Natural Science|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2020/natural-sciences|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-24|website=Top Universities|language=en}}</ref>

==Departments, Schools and Programs of the Faculty of Science==
There are 7 departments and 2 interdisciplinary schools in the Faculty of Science:

* Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
* Department of Biology
* Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
* School of Earth, Environment & Society
* School of Interdisciplinary Science
* Department of Kinesiology
* Department of Mathematics & Statistics
* Department of Physics & Astronomy
* Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour

===Academic programs===

A co-op (or [[cooperative education]]) option is offered in 14 undergraduate science programs:
Actuarial & Financial Mathematics, Biochemistry, Biology & Pharmacology, BioPhysics, Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Mathematics & Statistics, Medical & Health Physics, Molecular Biology & Genetics and Physics. The term "[[cooperative education]]" emphasizes the partnership between the employer, the student and university. Students taking the science co-op option have 4 work terms employed in their field in addition to the regular academic requirements. The co-op program is typically completed in 5 years.

The Medical Radiation Sciences program is offered in collaboration with [[Mohawk College]] as part of the School of Interdisciplinary Sciences. It prepares students to practice as either a [[radiographer]], [[sonographer]], or [[radiation therapist]], and includes three mandatory, semester-long clinical placements. Students graduate with both an Honours Bachelor of Medical Radiation Sciences and an Ontario College Advanced Diploma.

The Faculty of Science offers Masters and PhD degrees in 16 graduate programs.

==Deans of Science==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Dean !! Years served
|-
| Maureen MacDonald || 2017-
|-
| Bruce Milliken (Acting) || 2016-2017
|-
| Robert L. Baker || 2013-2016
|-
| Peter G. Sutherland (Acting) || 2012-2013
|-
| John P. Capone || 2005-2012
|-
| Peter G. Sutherland || 1996-2005
|-
|[[Harvey Weingarten|Harvey P. Weingarten]]|| 1995-1996
|-
| Robert H. McNutt|| 1989-1995
|-
| Ronald F. Childs || 1984-1989
|-
| Donald W. Sprung || 1975-1984
|-
| Dennis R. McCalla || 1967-1972
|-
| Ronald P. Graham || 1962-1967
|}

==Scientific Research==

There are currently 6 Funded and Endowed Research Chairs, 19 [[Canada Research Chairs]], and 3 Faculty of Science Research Chairs in the Faculty of Science.<ref name=":0" />

==Centres, Institutes and Facilities==
The Faculty of Science hosts or supports several research-based centres and institutes that feature integrated, multi-disciplinary work.<ref name=":0" />
* Biointerfaces Institute uses high-throughput methods to better understand the interface between biological and synthetic materials. By studying how biological systems respond to synthetic materials, and vice versa, the Institute seeks to expand our ability to create better biosensors and medical implants, among other applications.
* Brockhouse Institute for Material Research is named after [[Nobel Prize]] winner [[Bertram Brockhouse]] and is dedicated to materials research, development and analysis. Facilities include the Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy (CCEM), Centre for Crystal Growth, McMaster Analytical X-ray Diffraction Facility, and the Photonics Research Laboratories.
* McMaster Centre for Climate Change is a multidisciplinary research centre with the established goal of bringing together researchers to study and model climate processes, the effects of [[climate change]], and their possible mitigation.
* McMaster Institute for Music and Mind, where scientists, researchers, and musicians study questions about the physical structure, evolution, neural processing, performance, and perception of music, dance and media arts.
* McMaster Institute for Transportation and Logistics (MITL) was created to work with business and government partners to improve the efficiency of transportation systems and the competitiveness of the logistics/manufacturing sector.
* Nuclear Research Building, [[McMaster Nuclear Reactor]]
* Thode Library of Science and Engineering
* Origins Institute conducts transdisciplinary research to study fundamental questions in science. Areas of exploration include the origin of life and astrobiology, astrophysics, the origins of dark matter and dark energy in the universe, and the beginnings of life.
* Physical Activity Centre of Excellence (PACE) is an exercise research and training centre. Researchers study ways to improve health and well-being among older adults and people with chronic disease or disability.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{McMaster}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.mcmastersciencesociety.com/ University of McMaster Science Society] {{coord|43.26187|N|79.92027|W|display=title}}
*[https://www.science.mcmaster.ca/virtualopenhouse/ Tour of the Faculty of Science]

[[Category:McMaster University]]

Dejan Kulusevski

2024-11-24T22:56:58Z

Hcoder3104: grammar

{{Short description|Swedish footballer (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Dejan Kulusevski
| image = Sweden-Slovenia Nations League 2022-09-27 17 Kulusevski (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kulusevski playing for [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]] in 2022
| full_name = Dejan Kulusevski<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/2470630 |title=Updated squad lists for 2021/22 Premier League |publisher=Premier League |date=4 February 2022 |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205130859/https://www.premierleague.com/news/2470630 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|4|25|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/49316/Dejan-Kulusevski/overview |title=Dejan Kulusevski: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=11 August 2022 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811194943/https://www.premierleague.com/players/49316/Dejan-Kulusevski/overview |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| height = 1.86 m<ref name="PremProfile"/>
| position = [[Midfielder]], [[winger (association football)|winger]], [[Forward (association football)|forward]]
| currentclub = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| clubnumber = 21
| youthyears1 = 2006–2016
| youthclubs1 = [[IF Brommapojkarna]]
| youthyears2 = 2016–2019
| youthclubs2 = [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]
| years1 = 2019–2020
| clubs1 = [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]
| caps1 = 3
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2019–2020
| clubs2 = → [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] (loan)
| caps2 = 17
| goals2 = 4
| years3 = 2020–2023
| clubs3 = [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]
| caps3 = 55
| goals3 = 5
| years4 = 2020
| clubs4 = → [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] (loan)
| caps4 = 19
| goals4 = 6
| years5 = 2022–2023
| clubs5 = → [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] (loan)
| caps5 = 48
| goals5 = 7
| years6 = 2023–
| clubs6 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| caps6 = 48
| goals6 = 10
| nationalyears1 = 2015–2016
| nationalteam1 = [[North Macedonia national under-17 football team|Macedonia U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 6
| nationalyears2 = 2015–2017
| nationalteam2 = [[Sweden men's national under-17 football team|Sweden U17]]
| nationalcaps2 = 19
| nationalgoals2 = 6
| nationalyears3 = 2017–2018
| nationalteam3 = [[Sweden men's national under-19 football team|Sweden U19]]
| nationalcaps3 = 13
| nationalgoals3 = 2
| nationalyears4 = 2019
| nationalteam4 = [[Sweden national under-21 football team|Sweden U21]]
| nationalcaps4 = 5
| nationalgoals4 = 2
| nationalyears5 = 2019–
| nationalteam5 = [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]]
| nationalcaps5 = 45
| nationalgoals5 = 5
| club-update = 22:23, 23 November 2024 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 22:33, 19 November 2024 (UTC)
}}
'''Dejan Kulusevski''' ({{langx|mk|Дејан Кулушевски|translit=Dejan Kuluševski}}; born 25 April 2000) is a Swedish professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder]] or [[Winger (association football)|winger]] for {{English football updater|TottenhH}} club [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] and the [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden national team]]. He is also the current owner of English football club [[Manchester City]], after recently humbling them on the 23rd of November at the Dekihad.

Coming through from the youth system, Kulusevski made his senior debut for [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]] in 2019, before joining [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] on loan at the beginning of the [[2019–20 Serie A|2019–20 season]]. He joined [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] during the winter transfer window for €35 million, and was sent back to Parma on loan for the rest of the season. In January 2022, Kulusevski was sent on loan to Tottenham Hotspur in England. In June 2023, Tottenham signed Kulusevski permanently on a deal until 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=Tottenham: Dejan Kulusevski completes permanent move from Juventus on five-year deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65941284.amp |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-gb}}</ref>

Kulusevski was born in Sweden to a [[Macedonians in Sweden|Swedish Macedonian]] father and a Macedonian mother.<ref name="Hjorter/TT 2020">{{cite news | last=Hjorter/TT | first=David | title=Från BP till Juventus – Kulusevskis resa | newspaper=Svenska Dagbladet | date=2 January 2020 | url=https://www.svd.se/a/Op22Jq/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa | language=sv | access-date=24 June 2022 | archive-date=24 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624142203/https://www.svd.se/a/Op22Jq/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa | url-status=live }}</ref> He represented both Sweden and Macedonia internationally at youth level, before opting to play for his birth country at senior level, making his full debut in 2019.

== Club career ==
=== Early career ===
Kulusevski was born in [[Stockholm]] and joined the [[youth academy|youth activities]] of [[IF Brommapojkarna]] at the age of six.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 October 2017|title=Primavera: alla scoperta di... Dejan Kulusevski|url=https://www.atalanta.it/site/paginalive/giovanili/Stagione-2017-2018/2017-10/11-10-Primavera-alla-scoperta-di-Kulusevski.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010901/https://www.atalanta.it/site/paginalive/giovanili/Stagione-2017-2018/2017-10/11-10-Primavera-alla-scoperta-di-Kulusevski.html|archive-date=21 January 2019|website=atalanta.it|language=it}}</ref>

=== Atalanta ===
He joined the [[Atalanta B.C. Youth Sector|Atalanta youth system]] on 7 July 2016 from Brommapojkarna, before making any senior appearance for the club.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Från BP till Juventus – Kulusevskis resa|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2020-01-02/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Sydsvenskan|date=2 January 2020 |language=sv|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000029/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2020-01-02/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his [[Serie A]] debut on 20 January 2019, coming on as a substitute for [[Marten de Roon]] in a 5–0 away win against [[Frosinone Calcio|Frosinone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/commentary?gameId=522618 |title=Frosinone 0–5 Atalanta |publisher=ESPN FC |date=20 January 2019 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609204230/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/commentary?gameId=522618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="UEFA Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637649.html |title=Who is new Juventus signing Dejan Kulusevski? |publisher=UEFA.com |date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102235500/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637649.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He made a total of three appearances for the club throughout the [[2018–19 Serie A|2018–19 season]], each as a substitute.<ref name="Juventus agree deal">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/31/juventus-agree-deal-to-sign-19-year-old-midfielder-dejan-kulusevski-for-30m |title=Juventus agree deal to sign 19-year-old midfielder Dejan Kulusevski for £30m |work=The Guardian |last1=Romano |first1=Fabrizio |date=31 December 2019 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415042053/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/31/juventus-agree-deal-to-sign-19-year-old-midfielder-dejan-kulusevski-for-30m |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Loan to Parma ====
On 18 July 2019, Kulusevski signed to Serie A club [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] on loan until 30 June 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-parma-presi-cornelius-e-kulusevski-dall-atalanta-1270279|access-date=18 July 2019|title=UFFICIALE: Parma, presi Cornelius e Kulusevski dall'Atalanta|archive-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718123906/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-parma-presi-cornelius-e-kulusevski-dall-atalanta-1270279|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his first Serie A goal in a 3–2 home win against [[Torino F.C.|Torino]], on 30 September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/6jdw6W|title=Ny succé för Dejan Kulusevski – första målet i Serie A|website=Aftonbladet|date=30 September 2019|language=sv|access-date=1 October 2019|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000048/https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/6jdw6W|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following his form while on loan with Parma during the first part of the [[2019–20 Serie A]] season, during which he scored four goals and provided seven [[Assist (association football)|assists]] in 17 league appearances, on 2 January 2020, Kulusevski joined fellow Serie A club [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] on a four-and-a-half-year deal, for €35 million, which could possibly rise to €44 million with variables.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officiellt: Dejan Kulusevski klar för Juventus|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/K32Ko7|access-date=4 September 2020|website=Aftonbladet|date=2 January 2020|language=sv|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103071230/https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/K32Ko7|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kulusevski was sent back on loan to Parma for the remainder of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dejan Kulusevski alla Juventus|url=https://www.atalanta.it/news/dejan-kulusevski-alla-juventus/|access-date=30 June 2020|website=Atalanta|date=2 January 2020|language=it|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105233902/https://www.atalanta.it/news/dejan-kulusevski-alla-juventus/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Dejan Kulusevski è un giocatore della Juventus! |url=http://www.juventus.com/it/news/news/2020/dejan-kulusevski---un-giocatore-della-juventus-.php |access-date=2 January 2020 |website=Juventus.com |language=it |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102203328/https://www.juventus.com/it/news/news/2020/dejan-kulusevski---un-giocatore-della-juventus-.php |url-status=live }}</ref> He finished the season with 10 goals and nine assists,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=3 August 2020|title=Il miglior Under-21: Dejan Kulusevski|url=https://www.ultimouomo.com/miglior-under-21-kulusevski-ultimo-uomo-awards/|access-date=14 August 2020|website=L'Ultimo Uomo|language=it-IT|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000119/https://www.ultimouomo.com/miglior-under-21-kulusevski-ultimo-uomo-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref> and was awarded the [[Serie A Awards|Serie A Best Young Player]] for the season.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|date=4 August 2020|title=The MVPs of the 2019/2020 Serie A Season|publisher=Serie A|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/en/press/news/info/the-mvps-of-the-2019-2020-season|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116052245/http://www.legaseriea.it/en/press/news/info/the-mvps-of-the-2019-2020-season|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Juventus ===
Kulusevski scored on his Juventus debut on 20 September 2020 in a 3–0 league win at home against [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juve-Sampdoria: gol di Kulusevski al primo tiro in porta all'esordio|url=https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Juventus/20-09-2020/juve-sampdoria-gol-kulusevski-primo-tiro-porta-esordio-3802136369420.shtml|access-date=20 September 2020|website=La Gazzetta dello Sport|date=20 September 2020 |language=it-IT|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105160053/https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Juventus/20-09-2020/juve-sampdoria-gol-kulusevski-primo-tiro-porta-esordio-3802136369420.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 May 2021, he scored the opening goal and later set-up [[Federico Chiesa]]'s match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Atalanta in the [[2021 Coppa Italia Final]].<ref name="Juventus end Atalanta dream">{{cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/170906/coppa-juventus-end-atalanta-dream|title=Coppa: Juventus end Atalanta dream|website=Football Italia|date=19 May 2021|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519232613/https://www.football-italia.net/170906/coppa-juventus-end-atalanta-dream|url-status=live}}</ref> In the next season, Kulusevski scored the winning goal in the Champions League match against [[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Zenit Saint Petersburg]] with a header in the 86th minute on 20 October.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sport |first=Sky |title=Zenit-Juventus LIVE |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/champions-league/partite/2021/giornata-3/zenit-san-pietroburgo-juventus/risultato-gol |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=sport.sky.it |date=20 October 2021 |language=it |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227112830/https://sport.sky.it/calcio/champions-league/partite/2021/giornata-3/zenit-san-pietroburgo-juventus/risultato-gol |url-status=live }}</ref> Kulusevski's playing time was reduced under [[Massimiliano Allegri]], making 20 appearances and scoring two goals.<ref name="SW" />

=== Tottenham Hotspur ===

[[File:Dejan Kulusevski 2022.jpg|thumb|upright|Kulusevski with [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] in 2022]]
On 31 January 2022, Kulusevski was sent on an 18-month loan to [[Premier League]] side [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]; the loan deal was worth €10 million, and included an option for purchase, which would become an obligation under certain conditions for an additional fee of €35 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grazie Dejan e buona fortuna! – Juventus|url=https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/grazie-dejan-e-buona-fortuna|access-date=31 January 2022|date=31 January 2022|website=Juventus.com|language=it|archive-date=3 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603015716/https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/grazie-dejan-e-buona-fortuna|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his first appearance for Spurs on 5 February in the [[2021–22 FA Cup|FA Cup]] match against [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], coming on a substitute in a 3–1 win.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/02/05/tottenham-hotspur-vs-brighton-fa-cup-live-score-latest-updates/ |title=Space invader Dejan Kulusevski ups the ante at Tottenham with a sureness of touch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207125439/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/02/05/tottenham-hotspur-vs-brighton-fa-cup-live-score-latest-updates/ |archive-date=7 February 2022 |work=The Daily Telegraph |first= Ivan|last= Speck }}</ref> On 19 February, Kulusevski scored his first goal for Tottenham in the fourth minute of the match which Tottenham eventually won 3–2 against [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kane gives Tottenham dramatic late win over Man City |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60357463 |first=Chris |last=Bevan |date=19 February 2022 |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219233455/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60357463 |url-status=live }}</ref> In his first season, Kulusevski managed 13 goal involvements (five goals and eight assists) in 18 Premier League matches.<ref>{{Cite web|title='AS IF BY MAGIC': ITALIAN PRESS BLOWN AWAY BY TOTTENHAM PLAYER'S 'EXCEPTIONAL' TURNAROUND|date=23 May 2022|url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/23/tottenham-hotspur-dejan-kulusevski-juventus-2/|language=en|access-date=24 May 2022|archive-date=24 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524042818/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/23/tottenham-hotspur-dejan-kulusevski-juventus-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, he struggled the following season, “through a mixture of injuries, bad form and arguably poor management”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Tottenham's biggest disappointment this season |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/c9e33vmkz7jo |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-gb}}</ref>

On 17 June 2023, it was announced that Kulusevski had signed permanently with Tottenham Hotspur until 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Permanent deal for Dejan|date=17 June 2023|url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2023/june/permanent-deal-for-dejan/|language=en|access-date=17 June 2023|archive-date=17 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617193623/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2023/june/permanent-deal-for-dejan/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 September, Kulusevski's 100th-minute winner gave Tottenham a 2–1 turnaround win over [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]], sealing the latest ever winning comeback in Premier League history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beardmore |first=Michael |title=Tottenham 2–1 Sheffield United: Richarlison comes off bench to spark stoppage-time turnaround |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66760556 |date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kulusevski strike seals latest ever winning comeback in Premier League history |language=en-GB |work=Tottenham Hotspur F.C. |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2023/september/kulusevski-strike-seals-latest-ever-winning-comeback-in-premier-league-history/ |date=16 September 2023 |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref>

== International career ==
Born in Sweden to [[Macedonians in Sweden|Macedonian]] parents from [[Ohrid]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Дејан Кулушевски: "Семејството беше најсреќно по мојот настап за Македонија" |url=https://ffm.mk/dejan-kulushevski-semejstvoto-beshe-najsrekjno-po-mojot-nastap-za-makedonija |website=Fudbalska Federacija na Makedonija |access-date=3 April 2021 |language=mk |date=19 November 2015 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928055726/https://ffm.mk/dejan-kulushevski-semejstvoto-beshe-najsrekjno-po-mojot-nastap-za-makedonija |url-status=live }}</ref> Kulusevski played for all Swedish youth national teams,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballscouting.it/atalanta/alla-scoperta-di-dejan-kulusevski-il-predestinato-dellatalanta-che-verra/|title=Alla scoperta di Dejan Kulusevski, il "predestinato" dell'Atalanta che verrà {{!}} Football Scouting|date=17 November 2018|website=Football Scouting {{!}} Campionato Primavera {{!}} Calcio Giovanile|language=it-IT|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=10 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033913/https://www.footballscouting.it/atalanta/alla-scoperta-di-dejan-kulusevski-il-predestinato-dellatalanta-che-verra/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calciomercato.com/news/kulusevski-trascina-l-atalanta-soffiato-all-arsenal-studia-da-nu-93777|title=Kulusevski trascina l'Atalanta: soffiato all'Arsenal, studia da nuovo-Cristante|website=Calciomercato.com {{!}} Tutte le news sul calcio in tempo reale|date=4 August 2018 |language=it|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612052412/https://www.calciomercato.com/news/kulusevski-trascina-l-atalanta-soffiato-all-arsenal-studia-da-nu-93777|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the [[North Macedonia national under-17 football team|Macedonia under-17 national team]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-atalanta-tesserata-la-stellina-kulusevski-851664|title=UFFICIALE: Atalanta, tesserata la stellina Kulusevski – TUTTOmercatoWEB.com|website=tuttomercatoweb.com|language=it|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115151657/https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-atalanta-tesserata-la-stellina-kulusevski-851664|url-status=live}}</ref> He was called up to the [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden national team]] for the first time in November 2019 for the [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying]] games against [[Romania national football team|Romania]] and the [[Faroe Islands national football team|Faroe Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/dejan-kulusevski-uttagen-efter-succen/|title=Dejan Kulusevski uttagen i landslaget efter jättesuccén|website=expressen.se|date=6 November 2019 |language=sv|access-date=6 November 2019|archive-date=11 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611105451/https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/dejan-kulusevski-uttagen-efter-succen/|url-status=live}}</ref> For the senior national team, Kulusevski has said that his choice of allegiance was 'an easy one' since it was always his preference to represent Sweden.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/motet-med-ronaldo-vi-har-inte-lagt-marke-till-det/|title=Dejan Kulusevski om första tiden i Juventus och mötet med Ronaldo|publisher=[[Expressen]]|language=sv|last=Höglund|first=Hugo|date=2 September 2020|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115151701/https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/motet-med-ronaldo-vi-har-inte-lagt-marke-till-det/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kulusevski made his senior international debut for Sweden on 18 November 2019, coming on as a substitute for [[Ken Sema]] in a 3–0 win against the Faroe Islands in the last game of the [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying|Euro 2020 qualifying]] stage.<ref name="Juventus agree deal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/sverige/nerver-gav-tunga-ben-i-debuten-for-kulusevski---som-sagar-planen-den-var-inte-/|title=Nerver gav tunga ben i debuten för Kulusevski – som sågar planen: "Den var inte okej"|publisher=fotbollskanalen.se|language=sv|last=Petersson|first=Martin|date=19 November 2019|access-date=20 November 2019|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530231000/https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/sverige/nerver-gav-tunga-ben-i-debuten-for-kulusevski---som-sagar-planen-den-var-inte-/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 September 2020, he made his first start for Sweden, playing for 90 minutes before being substituted for [[Albin Ekdal]] in a 0–2 loss to [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] in the [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sverige – Portugal – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-portugal-landskamper-herr-senior/4544507|access-date=9 September 2020|website=svenskfotboll.se|date=8 September 2020 |language=sv|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615180520/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-portugal-landskamper-herr-senior/4544507/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 November 2020, Kulusevski scored his first international goal against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] in a 2–1 home win in the Nations League.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 November 2020|title=Kulusevski's first national team goal – Sweden leads 2–0|url=https://nord.news/2020/11/14/kulusevskis-first-national-team-goal-sweden-leads-2-0/|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Nord News|language=en-US|archive-date=9 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609204230/https://nord.news/2020/11/14/kulusevskis-first-national-team-goal-sweden-leads-2-0/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 8 June 2021, Kulusevski tested positive for [[COVID-19]] amid its [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden|pandemic in Sweden]], and was ruled out of Sweden's opening [[UEFA Euro 2020]] match against [[Spain national football team|Spain]] on 14 June.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theathletic.com/news/dejan-kulusevski-sweden-coronavirus-covid/KDoqubm7wxzr|title=Sweden's Dejan Kulusevski and Mattias Svanberg both test positive for COVID-19|publisher=theathletic.com|date=8 June 2021|access-date=8 June 2021|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625201647/https://theathletic.com/news/dejan-kulusevski-sweden-coronavirus-covid/KDoqubm7wxzr|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Style of play ==
A tall, physically strong, and versatile player, Kulusevski is capable of playing in several [[midfield]] and [[Forward (association football)|attacking]] roles, and has been deployed as an [[attacking midfielder]], as a [[box-to-box midfielder]], as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] on either flank, or even as an offensive-minded central midfielder, known as the ''[[mezzala]]'' role in Italian (literally "half-winger"); his main position is playing as an attacking midfielder behind the striker.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/18069418999128118/|title=FRÅGESTUNDER – @sweu21|website=www.instagram.com|language=en|access-date=24 January 2020|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417101409/https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/18069418999128118/|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also been deployed as a makeshift [[centre-forward]] on occasion. His main qualities are his acceleration, speed, stamina, and his ability to switch the play or provide assists and through balls to teammates, courtesy of his vision and passing ability. He also possesses good technique, [[Dribbling#Association football|dribbling]] skills, and striking ability, which enables him to score goals, in addition to creating chances for teammates.<ref name="UEFA Profile" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfootballscouting.com/giovani-talenti-del-2000/dejan-kulusevski-talento-svedese-classe-2000/ |title=Dejan Kulusevski: talento svedese classe 2000 |publisher=www.worldfootballscouting.com |language=it |date=31 October 2018 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901185741/http://www.worldfootballscouting.com/giovani-talenti-del-2000/dejan-kulusevski-talento-svedese-classe-2000/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.football-italia.net/148188/kulusevski-perfect-juve-future |title=Kulusevski perfect for Juve future |publisher=Football Italia |last1=Yakimov |first1=Vilizar |date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120140502/https://www.football-italia.net/148188/kulusevski-perfect-juve-future |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/parma/2019/10/25-62633317/parma_d_aversa_kulusevski_centravanti_quel_ruolo_l_ha_fatto_/ |title=Parma, D'Aversa: "Kulusevski centravanti? Quel ruolo l'ha fatto..." |work=Tutto Sport |language=it |date=25 October 2019 |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429174927/https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/parma/2019/10/25-62633317/parma_d_aversa_kulusevski_centravanti_quel_ruolo_l_ha_fatto_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Regarded as a promising and hard-working player in the media, his manager at Parma, [[Roberto D'Aversa]], has compared Kulusevski to [[Mohamed Salah]]. He noted how the player "is always among the players who cover the most distance in every game", and "has the right mentality".<ref name="UEFA Profile" /> Kulusevski himself named compatriot [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] as an influence.<ref name="UEFA Profile" /> Regarding his own playing style, he commented in a 2019 interview with ''[[Sportbladet]]'': "I like to have the ball at my feet. I used to dribble a lot when I was a kid but I have got better at moving the ball more quickly. I have developed my defensive game, that was a weakness before, and that has made me a more complete player."<ref name="Juventus agree deal" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/a/opxbja/jag-kanner-mig-speciell |title=Kulusevski i stor intervju: "Känner mig speciell" |date=12 November 2019 |publisher=www.aftonbladet.se |language=sv |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033913/https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/a/opxbja/jag-kanner-mig-speciell |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also cited Belgian footballers [[Kevin De Bruyne]] and [[Eden Hazard]] as players he admires and seeks to emulate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.football-italia.net/153744/kulusevski-chose-juve-sarri |title=Kulusevski: 'Chose Juve for Sarri' |publisher=Football Italia |date=27 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304142942/https://www.football-italia.net/153744/kulusevski-chose-juve-sarri |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|match played 23 November 2024}}<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|dejan-kulusevski/460405}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coppa Italia]], [[FA Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|Europe
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]
|[[2018–19 Atalanta BC season|2018–19]]
|[[Serie A]]
|3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3||0
|-
|[[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] (loan)
|[[2019–20 Parma Calcio 1913 season|2019–20]]
|Serie A
|36||10||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||10
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Juventus FC|Juventus]]
|[[2020–21 Juventus FC season|2020–21]]
|Serie A
|35||4||5||3||colspan="2 |—||6{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]]|name=SCI}}||0||47||7
|-
|[[2021–22 Juventus FC season|2021–22]]
|Serie A
|20||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||5{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||1{{efn|name=SCI}}||0||27||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!55!!5!!6!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!11!!1!!2!!0!!74!!9
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] (loan)
|[[2021–22 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2021–22]]
|[[Premier League]]
|18||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||5
|-
|[[2022–23 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2022–23]]
|Premier League
|30||2||2||0||1||0||4{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||37||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!48!!7!!4!!0!!1!!0!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!57!!7
|-
|rowspan="3"|Tottenham Hotspur
|[[2023–24 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2023–24]]
|Premier League
|36||8||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||8
|-
|[[2024–25 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2024–25]]
|Premier League
|12||2||0||0||2||0||4{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||18||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!48!!10!!2!!0!!3!!0!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!57!!10
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!190!!33!!15!!3!!4!!0!!19!!1!!2!!0!!230!!37
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===
{{updated|match played 19 November 2024}}<ref name="SW"/><ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|76259|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]]
|2019||1||0
|-
|2020||7||1
|-
|2021||12||0
|-
|2022||7||1
|-
|2023||8||1
|-
|2024||10||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total||45||5
|}

{{updated|match played 19 November 2024}}
''Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kulusevski goal.''<ref name="NFT"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of international goals scored by Dejan Kulusevski
!scope="col"|No.
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Venue
!scope="col"|Opponent
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Result
!scope="col"|Competition
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|align="center"|1
|14 November 2020
|[[Friends Arena]], [[Solna]], Sweden
|{{fb|CRO}}
|align="center"|1–0
|align="center"|2–1
|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sverige – Kroatien – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-kroatien-landskamper-herr-senior/4544549|access-date=18 November 2020|website=Svensk Fotboll|date=14 November 2020 |language=sv|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615180026/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-kroatien-landskamper-herr-senior/4544549/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|2
|2 June 2022
|[[Stožice Stadium]], [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia
|{{fb|SVN}}
|align="center"|2–0
|align="center"|2–0
|[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League B]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovenien – Sverige – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/slovenien-sverige-landskamper-herr-senior/5055659/ |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |date=2 June 2022 |language=sv |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611152152/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/slovenien-sverige-landskamper-herr-senior/5055659/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|3
|9 September 2023
|[[Lilleküla Stadium]], [[Tallinn]], Estonia
|{{fb|EST}}
|align="center"|2–0
|align="center"|5–0
|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group F|UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Estland – Sverige – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/livescore/#?date=2023-09-09&game=5380841 |access-date=9 September 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"|4
| rowspan="2"|19 November 2024
| rowspan="2"|[[Strawberry Arena]], [[Solna]], Sweden
| rowspan="2"|{{fb|AZE}}
| style="text-align:center"|1–0
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|6–0
| rowspan="2" |[[2024–25 UEFA Nations League C]]
| rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sverige - Azerbajdzjan - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-azerbajdzjan-landskamper-herr-senior/5791243/ |access-date=19 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"|5
| style="text-align:center"|4–0
|}

== Honours ==
'''Juventus'''
* [[Coppa Italia]]: [[2020–21 Coppa Italia|2020–21]]<ref name="SW"/>
* [[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[2020 Supercoppa Italiana|2020]]<ref name="SW"/>

'''Individual'''
* [[Serie A Awards|Serie A Best Young Player]]: [[2019–20 Serie A#Seasonal awards|2019–20]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Fotbollsgalan]] Best Midfielder: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2020 |title=Fotboll: Här är vinnarna från Fotbollsåret 2020 |url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/manliga-vinnarna-i-fotbollsaret-2020 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=SVT Sport |language=sv |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226105548/https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/manliga-vinnarna-i-fotbollsaret-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Guldbollen]]: 2022,<ref>{{cite web |title=Dejan Kulusevski tilldelas Guldbollen 2022 |url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/guldbollen-2022 |website=SVT Sport |access-date=27 December 2022 |language=Swedish |date=27 December 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227195947/https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/guldbollen-2022 }}</ref> 2023<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/guldbollen-mjshoo|title=Dejan Kulusevski får Guldbollen 2023|publisher=SVT Sport|author=Moa Berander|language=Swedish|date=4 January 2024|accessdate=4 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/teams/men/players/dejan-kulusevski/ Profile] at the Tottenham Hotspur F.C. website
* {{SvFF player|id=c23667ff-43ad-4f85-9658-73d01acae117|fid=711462}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200102232452/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/711462/ archive])
* {{Premier League player}}
* {{FIFA player}}
* {{UEFA player}}

{{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. squad}}
{{Sweden squad UEFA Euro 2020}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards
| bg = gold
| fg = navy
| list =
{{Serie A Awards}}
{{Swedish Footballer of the Year}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulusevski, Dejan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Footballers from Stockholm]]
[[Category:Swedish men's footballers]]
[[Category:Macedonian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Men's association football wingers]]
[[Category:IF Brommapojkarna players]]
[[Category:Atalanta BC players]]
[[Category:Parma Calcio 1913 players]]
[[Category:Juventus FC players]]
[[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players]]
[[Category:Serie A players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:North Macedonia men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Sweden men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Sweden men's under-21 international footballers]]
[[Category:Sweden men's international footballers]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2020 players]]
[[Category:Macedonian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Italy]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in England]]
[[Category:Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Italy]]
[[Category:Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Italy]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Swedish people of Macedonian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century Swedish sportsmen]]

Dejan Kulusevski

2024-11-24T22:55:55Z

Hcoder3104: Undid revision 1259375947 by Augmented Seventh (talk) my goat

{{Short description|Swedish footballer (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Dejan Kulusevski
| image = Sweden-Slovenia Nations League 2022-09-27 17 Kulusevski (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kulusevski playing for [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]] in 2022
| full_name = Dejan Kulusevski<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/2470630 |title=Updated squad lists for 2021/22 Premier League |publisher=Premier League |date=4 February 2022 |access-date=6 February 2022 |archive-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205130859/https://www.premierleague.com/news/2470630 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|4|25|df=y}}<ref name="PremProfile">{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/49316/Dejan-Kulusevski/overview |title=Dejan Kulusevski: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=11 August 2022 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811194943/https://www.premierleague.com/players/49316/Dejan-Kulusevski/overview |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| height = 1.86 m<ref name="PremProfile"/>
| position = [[Midfielder]], [[winger (association football)|winger]], [[Forward (association football)|forward]]
| currentclub = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| clubnumber = 21
| youthyears1 = 2006–2016
| youthclubs1 = [[IF Brommapojkarna]]
| youthyears2 = 2016–2019
| youthclubs2 = [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]
| years1 = 2019–2020
| clubs1 = [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]
| caps1 = 3
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2019–2020
| clubs2 = → [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] (loan)
| caps2 = 17
| goals2 = 4
| years3 = 2020–2023
| clubs3 = [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]
| caps3 = 55
| goals3 = 5
| years4 = 2020
| clubs4 = → [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] (loan)
| caps4 = 19
| goals4 = 6
| years5 = 2022–2023
| clubs5 = → [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] (loan)
| caps5 = 48
| goals5 = 7
| years6 = 2023–
| clubs6 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| caps6 = 48
| goals6 = 10
| nationalyears1 = 2015–2016
| nationalteam1 = [[North Macedonia national under-17 football team|Macedonia U17]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 6
| nationalyears2 = 2015–2017
| nationalteam2 = [[Sweden men's national under-17 football team|Sweden U17]]
| nationalcaps2 = 19
| nationalgoals2 = 6
| nationalyears3 = 2017–2018
| nationalteam3 = [[Sweden men's national under-19 football team|Sweden U19]]
| nationalcaps3 = 13
| nationalgoals3 = 2
| nationalyears4 = 2019
| nationalteam4 = [[Sweden national under-21 football team|Sweden U21]]
| nationalcaps4 = 5
| nationalgoals4 = 2
| nationalyears5 = 2019–
| nationalteam5 = [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]]
| nationalcaps5 = 45
| nationalgoals5 = 5
| club-update = 22:23, 23 November 2024 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update = 22:33, 19 November 2024 (UTC)
}}
'''Dejan Kulusevski''' ({{langx|mk|Дејан Кулушевски|translit=Dejan Kuluševski}}; born 25 April 2000) is a Swedish professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[midfielder]] or [[Winger (association football)|winger]] for {{English football updater|TottenhH}} club [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] and the [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden national team]]. He is also the current owner of English Football Team : Man City, after recently humbling them on the 23rd of November at the Dekihad.

Coming through from the youth system, Kulusevski made his senior debut for [[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]] in 2019, before joining [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] on loan at the beginning of the [[2019–20 Serie A|2019–20 season]]. He joined [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] during the winter transfer window for €35 million, and was sent back to Parma on loan for the rest of the season. In January 2022, Kulusevski was sent on loan to Tottenham Hotspur in England. In June 2023, Tottenham signed Kulusevski permanently on a deal until 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=Tottenham: Dejan Kulusevski completes permanent move from Juventus on five-year deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65941284.amp |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-gb}}</ref>

Kulusevski was born in Sweden to a [[Macedonians in Sweden|Swedish Macedonian]] father and a Macedonian mother.<ref name="Hjorter/TT 2020">{{cite news | last=Hjorter/TT | first=David | title=Från BP till Juventus – Kulusevskis resa | newspaper=Svenska Dagbladet | date=2 January 2020 | url=https://www.svd.se/a/Op22Jq/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa | language=sv | access-date=24 June 2022 | archive-date=24 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624142203/https://www.svd.se/a/Op22Jq/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa | url-status=live }}</ref> He represented both Sweden and Macedonia internationally at youth level, before opting to play for his birth country at senior level, making his full debut in 2019.

== Club career ==
=== Early career ===
Kulusevski was born in [[Stockholm]] and joined the [[youth academy|youth activities]] of [[IF Brommapojkarna]] at the age of six.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 October 2017|title=Primavera: alla scoperta di... Dejan Kulusevski|url=https://www.atalanta.it/site/paginalive/giovanili/Stagione-2017-2018/2017-10/11-10-Primavera-alla-scoperta-di-Kulusevski.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010901/https://www.atalanta.it/site/paginalive/giovanili/Stagione-2017-2018/2017-10/11-10-Primavera-alla-scoperta-di-Kulusevski.html|archive-date=21 January 2019|website=atalanta.it|language=it}}</ref>

=== Atalanta ===
He joined the [[Atalanta B.C. Youth Sector|Atalanta youth system]] on 7 July 2016 from Brommapojkarna, before making any senior appearance for the club.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Från BP till Juventus – Kulusevskis resa|url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2020-01-02/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa|access-date=9 September 2020|website=Sydsvenskan|date=2 January 2020 |language=sv|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000029/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2020-01-02/fran-bp-till-juventus-kulusevskis-resa|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his [[Serie A]] debut on 20 January 2019, coming on as a substitute for [[Marten de Roon]] in a 5–0 away win against [[Frosinone Calcio|Frosinone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/commentary?gameId=522618 |title=Frosinone 0–5 Atalanta |publisher=ESPN FC |date=20 January 2019 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609204230/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/commentary?gameId=522618 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="UEFA Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637649.html |title=Who is new Juventus signing Dejan Kulusevski? |publisher=UEFA.com |date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102235500/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2637649.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He made a total of three appearances for the club throughout the [[2018–19 Serie A|2018–19 season]], each as a substitute.<ref name="Juventus agree deal">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/31/juventus-agree-deal-to-sign-19-year-old-midfielder-dejan-kulusevski-for-30m |title=Juventus agree deal to sign 19-year-old midfielder Dejan Kulusevski for £30m |work=The Guardian |last1=Romano |first1=Fabrizio |date=31 December 2019 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415042053/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/31/juventus-agree-deal-to-sign-19-year-old-midfielder-dejan-kulusevski-for-30m |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Loan to Parma ====
On 18 July 2019, Kulusevski signed to Serie A club [[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] on loan until 30 June 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-parma-presi-cornelius-e-kulusevski-dall-atalanta-1270279|access-date=18 July 2019|title=UFFICIALE: Parma, presi Cornelius e Kulusevski dall'Atalanta|archive-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718123906/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-parma-presi-cornelius-e-kulusevski-dall-atalanta-1270279|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his first Serie A goal in a 3–2 home win against [[Torino F.C.|Torino]], on 30 September.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/6jdw6W|title=Ny succé för Dejan Kulusevski – första målet i Serie A|website=Aftonbladet|date=30 September 2019|language=sv|access-date=1 October 2019|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000048/https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/6jdw6W|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following his form while on loan with Parma during the first part of the [[2019–20 Serie A]] season, during which he scored four goals and provided seven [[Assist (association football)|assists]] in 17 league appearances, on 2 January 2020, Kulusevski joined fellow Serie A club [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] on a four-and-a-half-year deal, for €35 million, which could possibly rise to €44 million with variables.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Officiellt: Dejan Kulusevski klar för Juventus|url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/K32Ko7|access-date=4 September 2020|website=Aftonbladet|date=2 January 2020|language=sv|archive-date=3 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103071230/https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/K32Ko7|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kulusevski was sent back on loan to Parma for the remainder of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dejan Kulusevski alla Juventus|url=https://www.atalanta.it/news/dejan-kulusevski-alla-juventus/|access-date=30 June 2020|website=Atalanta|date=2 January 2020|language=it|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105233902/https://www.atalanta.it/news/dejan-kulusevski-alla-juventus/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Dejan Kulusevski è un giocatore della Juventus! |url=http://www.juventus.com/it/news/news/2020/dejan-kulusevski---un-giocatore-della-juventus-.php |access-date=2 January 2020 |website=Juventus.com |language=it |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102203328/https://www.juventus.com/it/news/news/2020/dejan-kulusevski---un-giocatore-della-juventus-.php |url-status=live }}</ref> He finished the season with 10 goals and nine assists,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=3 August 2020|title=Il miglior Under-21: Dejan Kulusevski|url=https://www.ultimouomo.com/miglior-under-21-kulusevski-ultimo-uomo-awards/|access-date=14 August 2020|website=L'Ultimo Uomo|language=it-IT|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000119/https://www.ultimouomo.com/miglior-under-21-kulusevski-ultimo-uomo-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref> and was awarded the [[Serie A Awards|Serie A Best Young Player]] for the season.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|date=4 August 2020|title=The MVPs of the 2019/2020 Serie A Season|publisher=Serie A|url=http://www.legaseriea.it/en/press/news/info/the-mvps-of-the-2019-2020-season|access-date=4 August 2020|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116052245/http://www.legaseriea.it/en/press/news/info/the-mvps-of-the-2019-2020-season|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Juventus ===
Kulusevski scored on his Juventus debut on 20 September 2020 in a 3–0 league win at home against [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Juve-Sampdoria: gol di Kulusevski al primo tiro in porta all'esordio|url=https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Juventus/20-09-2020/juve-sampdoria-gol-kulusevski-primo-tiro-porta-esordio-3802136369420.shtml|access-date=20 September 2020|website=La Gazzetta dello Sport|date=20 September 2020 |language=it-IT|archive-date=5 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105160053/https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Juventus/20-09-2020/juve-sampdoria-gol-kulusevski-primo-tiro-porta-esordio-3802136369420.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 May 2021, he scored the opening goal and later set-up [[Federico Chiesa]]'s match-winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Atalanta in the [[2021 Coppa Italia Final]].<ref name="Juventus end Atalanta dream">{{cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/170906/coppa-juventus-end-atalanta-dream|title=Coppa: Juventus end Atalanta dream|website=Football Italia|date=19 May 2021|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519232613/https://www.football-italia.net/170906/coppa-juventus-end-atalanta-dream|url-status=live}}</ref> In the next season, Kulusevski scored the winning goal in the Champions League match against [[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg|Zenit Saint Petersburg]] with a header in the 86th minute on 20 October.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sport |first=Sky |title=Zenit-Juventus LIVE |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/champions-league/partite/2021/giornata-3/zenit-san-pietroburgo-juventus/risultato-gol |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=sport.sky.it |date=20 October 2021 |language=it |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227112830/https://sport.sky.it/calcio/champions-league/partite/2021/giornata-3/zenit-san-pietroburgo-juventus/risultato-gol |url-status=live }}</ref> Kulusevski's playing time was reduced under [[Massimiliano Allegri]], making 20 appearances and scoring two goals.<ref name="SW" />

=== Tottenham Hotspur ===

[[File:Dejan Kulusevski 2022.jpg|thumb|upright|Kulusevski with [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] in 2022]]
On 31 January 2022, Kulusevski was sent on an 18-month loan to [[Premier League]] side [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]; the loan deal was worth €10 million, and included an option for purchase, which would become an obligation under certain conditions for an additional fee of €35 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grazie Dejan e buona fortuna! – Juventus|url=https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/grazie-dejan-e-buona-fortuna|access-date=31 January 2022|date=31 January 2022|website=Juventus.com|language=it|archive-date=3 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603015716/https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/grazie-dejan-e-buona-fortuna|url-status=live}}</ref> He made his first appearance for Spurs on 5 February in the [[2021–22 FA Cup|FA Cup]] match against [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], coming on a substitute in a 3–1 win.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/02/05/tottenham-hotspur-vs-brighton-fa-cup-live-score-latest-updates/ |title=Space invader Dejan Kulusevski ups the ante at Tottenham with a sureness of touch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207125439/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2022/02/05/tottenham-hotspur-vs-brighton-fa-cup-live-score-latest-updates/ |archive-date=7 February 2022 |work=The Daily Telegraph |first= Ivan|last= Speck }}</ref> On 19 February, Kulusevski scored his first goal for Tottenham in the fourth minute of the match which Tottenham eventually won 3–2 against [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kane gives Tottenham dramatic late win over Man City |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60357463 |first=Chris |last=Bevan |date=19 February 2022 |access-date=20 February 2022 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219233455/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60357463 |url-status=live }}</ref> In his first season, Kulusevski managed 13 goal involvements (five goals and eight assists) in 18 Premier League matches.<ref>{{Cite web|title='AS IF BY MAGIC': ITALIAN PRESS BLOWN AWAY BY TOTTENHAM PLAYER'S 'EXCEPTIONAL' TURNAROUND|date=23 May 2022|url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/23/tottenham-hotspur-dejan-kulusevski-juventus-2/|language=en|access-date=24 May 2022|archive-date=24 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524042818/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/05/23/tottenham-hotspur-dejan-kulusevski-juventus-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, he struggled the following season, “through a mixture of injuries, bad form and arguably poor management”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Tottenham's biggest disappointment this season |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/c9e33vmkz7jo |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-gb}}</ref>

On 17 June 2023, it was announced that Kulusevski had signed permanently with Tottenham Hotspur until 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Permanent deal for Dejan|date=17 June 2023|url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2023/june/permanent-deal-for-dejan/|language=en|access-date=17 June 2023|archive-date=17 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617193623/https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2023/june/permanent-deal-for-dejan/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 September, Kulusevski's 100th-minute winner gave Tottenham a 2–1 turnaround win over [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]], sealing the latest ever winning comeback in Premier League history.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beardmore |first=Michael |title=Tottenham 2–1 Sheffield United: Richarlison comes off bench to spark stoppage-time turnaround |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66760556 |date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kulusevski strike seals latest ever winning comeback in Premier League history |language=en-GB |work=Tottenham Hotspur F.C. |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2023/september/kulusevski-strike-seals-latest-ever-winning-comeback-in-premier-league-history/ |date=16 September 2023 |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref>

== International career ==
Born in Sweden to [[Macedonians in Sweden|Macedonian]] parents from [[Ohrid]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Дејан Кулушевски: "Семејството беше најсреќно по мојот настап за Македонија" |url=https://ffm.mk/dejan-kulushevski-semejstvoto-beshe-najsrekjno-po-mojot-nastap-za-makedonija |website=Fudbalska Federacija na Makedonija |access-date=3 April 2021 |language=mk |date=19 November 2015 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928055726/https://ffm.mk/dejan-kulushevski-semejstvoto-beshe-najsrekjno-po-mojot-nastap-za-makedonija |url-status=live }}</ref> Kulusevski played for all Swedish youth national teams,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballscouting.it/atalanta/alla-scoperta-di-dejan-kulusevski-il-predestinato-dellatalanta-che-verra/|title=Alla scoperta di Dejan Kulusevski, il "predestinato" dell'Atalanta che verrà {{!}} Football Scouting|date=17 November 2018|website=Football Scouting {{!}} Campionato Primavera {{!}} Calcio Giovanile|language=it-IT|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=10 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033913/https://www.footballscouting.it/atalanta/alla-scoperta-di-dejan-kulusevski-il-predestinato-dellatalanta-che-verra/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calciomercato.com/news/kulusevski-trascina-l-atalanta-soffiato-all-arsenal-studia-da-nu-93777|title=Kulusevski trascina l'Atalanta: soffiato all'Arsenal, studia da nuovo-Cristante|website=Calciomercato.com {{!}} Tutte le news sul calcio in tempo reale|date=4 August 2018 |language=it|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=12 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612052412/https://www.calciomercato.com/news/kulusevski-trascina-l-atalanta-soffiato-all-arsenal-studia-da-nu-93777|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as the [[North Macedonia national under-17 football team|Macedonia under-17 national team]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-atalanta-tesserata-la-stellina-kulusevski-851664|title=UFFICIALE: Atalanta, tesserata la stellina Kulusevski – TUTTOmercatoWEB.com|website=tuttomercatoweb.com|language=it|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115151657/https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/ufficiale-atalanta-tesserata-la-stellina-kulusevski-851664|url-status=live}}</ref> He was called up to the [[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden national team]] for the first time in November 2019 for the [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying]] games against [[Romania national football team|Romania]] and the [[Faroe Islands national football team|Faroe Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/dejan-kulusevski-uttagen-efter-succen/|title=Dejan Kulusevski uttagen i landslaget efter jättesuccén|website=expressen.se|date=6 November 2019 |language=sv|access-date=6 November 2019|archive-date=11 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611105451/https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/dejan-kulusevski-uttagen-efter-succen/|url-status=live}}</ref> For the senior national team, Kulusevski has said that his choice of allegiance was 'an easy one' since it was always his preference to represent Sweden.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/motet-med-ronaldo-vi-har-inte-lagt-marke-till-det/|title=Dejan Kulusevski om första tiden i Juventus och mötet med Ronaldo|publisher=[[Expressen]]|language=sv|last=Höglund|first=Hugo|date=2 September 2020|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=15 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115151701/https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/motet-med-ronaldo-vi-har-inte-lagt-marke-till-det/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kulusevski made his senior international debut for Sweden on 18 November 2019, coming on as a substitute for [[Ken Sema]] in a 3–0 win against the Faroe Islands in the last game of the [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying|Euro 2020 qualifying]] stage.<ref name="Juventus agree deal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/sverige/nerver-gav-tunga-ben-i-debuten-for-kulusevski---som-sagar-planen-den-var-inte-/|title=Nerver gav tunga ben i debuten för Kulusevski – som sågar planen: "Den var inte okej"|publisher=fotbollskanalen.se|language=sv|last=Petersson|first=Martin|date=19 November 2019|access-date=20 November 2019|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530231000/https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/sverige/nerver-gav-tunga-ben-i-debuten-for-kulusevski---som-sagar-planen-den-var-inte-/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 September 2020, he made his first start for Sweden, playing for 90 minutes before being substituted for [[Albin Ekdal]] in a 0–2 loss to [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] in the [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sverige – Portugal – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-portugal-landskamper-herr-senior/4544507|access-date=9 September 2020|website=svenskfotboll.se|date=8 September 2020 |language=sv|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615180520/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-portugal-landskamper-herr-senior/4544507/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 November 2020, Kulusevski scored his first international goal against [[Croatia national football team|Croatia]] in a 2–1 home win in the Nations League.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 November 2020|title=Kulusevski's first national team goal – Sweden leads 2–0|url=https://nord.news/2020/11/14/kulusevskis-first-national-team-goal-sweden-leads-2-0/|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Nord News|language=en-US|archive-date=9 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609204230/https://nord.news/2020/11/14/kulusevskis-first-national-team-goal-sweden-leads-2-0/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 8 June 2021, Kulusevski tested positive for [[COVID-19]] amid its [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden|pandemic in Sweden]], and was ruled out of Sweden's opening [[UEFA Euro 2020]] match against [[Spain national football team|Spain]] on 14 June.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theathletic.com/news/dejan-kulusevski-sweden-coronavirus-covid/KDoqubm7wxzr|title=Sweden's Dejan Kulusevski and Mattias Svanberg both test positive for COVID-19|publisher=theathletic.com|date=8 June 2021|access-date=8 June 2021|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625201647/https://theathletic.com/news/dejan-kulusevski-sweden-coronavirus-covid/KDoqubm7wxzr|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Style of play ==
A tall, physically strong, and versatile player, Kulusevski is capable of playing in several [[midfield]] and [[Forward (association football)|attacking]] roles, and has been deployed as an [[attacking midfielder]], as a [[box-to-box midfielder]], as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] on either flank, or even as an offensive-minded central midfielder, known as the ''[[mezzala]]'' role in Italian (literally "half-winger"); his main position is playing as an attacking midfielder behind the striker.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/18069418999128118/|title=FRÅGESTUNDER – @sweu21|website=www.instagram.com|language=en|access-date=24 January 2020|archive-date=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417101409/https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/18069418999128118/|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also been deployed as a makeshift [[centre-forward]] on occasion. His main qualities are his acceleration, speed, stamina, and his ability to switch the play or provide assists and through balls to teammates, courtesy of his vision and passing ability. He also possesses good technique, [[Dribbling#Association football|dribbling]] skills, and striking ability, which enables him to score goals, in addition to creating chances for teammates.<ref name="UEFA Profile" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfootballscouting.com/giovani-talenti-del-2000/dejan-kulusevski-talento-svedese-classe-2000/ |title=Dejan Kulusevski: talento svedese classe 2000 |publisher=www.worldfootballscouting.com |language=it |date=31 October 2018 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901185741/http://www.worldfootballscouting.com/giovani-talenti-del-2000/dejan-kulusevski-talento-svedese-classe-2000/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.football-italia.net/148188/kulusevski-perfect-juve-future |title=Kulusevski perfect for Juve future |publisher=Football Italia |last1=Yakimov |first1=Vilizar |date=2 January 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120140502/https://www.football-italia.net/148188/kulusevski-perfect-juve-future |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/parma/2019/10/25-62633317/parma_d_aversa_kulusevski_centravanti_quel_ruolo_l_ha_fatto_/ |title=Parma, D'Aversa: "Kulusevski centravanti? Quel ruolo l'ha fatto..." |work=Tutto Sport |language=it |date=25 October 2019 |access-date=3 January 2020 |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429174927/https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/parma/2019/10/25-62633317/parma_d_aversa_kulusevski_centravanti_quel_ruolo_l_ha_fatto_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Regarded as a promising and hard-working player in the media, his manager at Parma, [[Roberto D'Aversa]], has compared Kulusevski to [[Mohamed Salah]]. He noted how the player "is always among the players who cover the most distance in every game", and "has the right mentality".<ref name="UEFA Profile" /> Kulusevski himself named compatriot [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] as an influence.<ref name="UEFA Profile" /> Regarding his own playing style, he commented in a 2019 interview with ''[[Sportbladet]]'': "I like to have the ball at my feet. I used to dribble a lot when I was a kid but I have got better at moving the ball more quickly. I have developed my defensive game, that was a weakness before, and that has made me a more complete player."<ref name="Juventus agree deal" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/a/opxbja/jag-kanner-mig-speciell |title=Kulusevski i stor intervju: "Känner mig speciell" |date=12 November 2019 |publisher=www.aftonbladet.se |language=sv |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610033913/https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/fotboll/a/opxbja/jag-kanner-mig-speciell |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also cited Belgian footballers [[Kevin De Bruyne]] and [[Eden Hazard]] as players he admires and seeks to emulate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.football-italia.net/153744/kulusevski-chose-juve-sarri |title=Kulusevski: 'Chose Juve for Sarri' |publisher=Football Italia |date=27 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304142942/https://www.football-italia.net/153744/kulusevski-chose-juve-sarri |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|match played 23 November 2024}}<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|dejan-kulusevski/460405}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coppa Italia]], [[FA Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|Europe
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Atalanta BC|Atalanta]]
|[[2018–19 Atalanta BC season|2018–19]]
|[[Serie A]]
|3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3||0
|-
|[[Parma Calcio 1913|Parma]] (loan)
|[[2019–20 Parma Calcio 1913 season|2019–20]]
|Serie A
|36||10||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||10
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Juventus FC|Juventus]]
|[[2020–21 Juventus FC season|2020–21]]
|Serie A
|35||4||5||3||colspan="2 |—||6{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}}||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]]|name=SCI}}||0||47||7
|-
|[[2021–22 Juventus FC season|2021–22]]
|Serie A
|20||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||5{{efn|name=UCL}}||1||1{{efn|name=SCI}}||0||27||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!55!!5!!6!!3!!colspan="2"|—!!11!!1!!2!!0!!74!!9
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] (loan)
|[[2021–22 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2021–22]]
|[[Premier League]]
|18||5||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||20||5
|-
|[[2022–23 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2022–23]]
|Premier League
|30||2||2||0||1||0||4{{efn|name=UCL}}||0||colspan="2"|—||37||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!48!!7!!4!!0!!1!!0!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!57!!7
|-
|rowspan="3"|Tottenham Hotspur
|[[2023–24 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2023–24]]
|Premier League
|36||8||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||8
|-
|[[2024–25 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2024–25]]
|Premier League
|12||2||0||0||2||0||4{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||18||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!48!!10!!2!!0!!3!!0!!4!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!57!!10
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!190!!33!!15!!3!!4!!0!!19!!1!!2!!0!!230!!37
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===
{{updated|match played 19 November 2024}}<ref name="SW"/><ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|76259|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Sweden men's national football team|Sweden]]
|2019||1||0
|-
|2020||7||1
|-
|2021||12||0
|-
|2022||7||1
|-
|2023||8||1
|-
|2024||10||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total||45||5
|}

{{updated|match played 19 November 2024}}
''Scores and results list Sweden's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kulusevski goal.''<ref name="NFT"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of international goals scored by Dejan Kulusevski
!scope="col"|No.
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Venue
!scope="col"|Opponent
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Result
!scope="col"|Competition
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|align="center"|1
|14 November 2020
|[[Friends Arena]], [[Solna]], Sweden
|{{fb|CRO}}
|align="center"|1–0
|align="center"|2–1
|[[2020–21 UEFA Nations League A]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sverige – Kroatien – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-kroatien-landskamper-herr-senior/4544549|access-date=18 November 2020|website=Svensk Fotboll|date=14 November 2020 |language=sv|archive-date=15 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615180026/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-kroatien-landskamper-herr-senior/4544549/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|2
|2 June 2022
|[[Stožice Stadium]], [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia
|{{fb|SVN}}
|align="center"|2–0
|align="center"|2–0
|[[2022–23 UEFA Nations League B]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovenien – Sverige – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/slovenien-sverige-landskamper-herr-senior/5055659/ |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |date=2 June 2022 |language=sv |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611152152/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/slovenien-sverige-landskamper-herr-senior/5055659/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|align="center"|3
|9 September 2023
|[[Lilleküla Stadium]], [[Tallinn]], Estonia
|{{fb|EST}}
|align="center"|2–0
|align="center"|5–0
|[[UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group F|UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying]]
|align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Estland – Sverige – Matchfakta – Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/livescore/#?date=2023-09-09&game=5380841 |access-date=9 September 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"|4
| rowspan="2"|19 November 2024
| rowspan="2"|[[Strawberry Arena]], [[Solna]], Sweden
| rowspan="2"|{{fb|AZE}}
| style="text-align:center"|1–0
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center"|6–0
| rowspan="2" |[[2024–25 UEFA Nations League C]]
| rowspan="2" align="center"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Sverige - Azerbajdzjan - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-azerbajdzjan-landskamper-herr-senior/5791243/ |access-date=19 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"|5
| style="text-align:center"|4–0
|}

== Honours ==
'''Juventus'''
* [[Coppa Italia]]: [[2020–21 Coppa Italia|2020–21]]<ref name="SW"/>
* [[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[2020 Supercoppa Italiana|2020]]<ref name="SW"/>

'''Individual'''
* [[Serie A Awards|Serie A Best Young Player]]: [[2019–20 Serie A#Seasonal awards|2019–20]]<ref name=":2" />
* [[Fotbollsgalan]] Best Midfielder: 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2020 |title=Fotboll: Här är vinnarna från Fotbollsåret 2020 |url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/manliga-vinnarna-i-fotbollsaret-2020 |access-date=26 December 2022 |website=SVT Sport |language=sv |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226105548/https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/manliga-vinnarna-i-fotbollsaret-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Guldbollen]]: 2022,<ref>{{cite web |title=Dejan Kulusevski tilldelas Guldbollen 2022 |url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/guldbollen-2022 |website=SVT Sport |access-date=27 December 2022 |language=Swedish |date=27 December 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227195947/https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/guldbollen-2022 }}</ref> 2023<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/guldbollen-mjshoo|title=Dejan Kulusevski får Guldbollen 2023|publisher=SVT Sport|author=Moa Berander|language=Swedish|date=4 January 2024|accessdate=4 January 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/teams/men/players/dejan-kulusevski/ Profile] at the Tottenham Hotspur F.C. website
* {{SvFF player|id=c23667ff-43ad-4f85-9658-73d01acae117|fid=711462}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200102232452/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/711462/ archive])
* {{Premier League player}}
* {{FIFA player}}
* {{UEFA player}}

{{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. squad}}
{{Sweden squad UEFA Euro 2020}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards
| bg = gold
| fg = navy
| list =
{{Serie A Awards}}
{{Swedish Footballer of the Year}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulusevski, Dejan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Footballers from Stockholm]]
[[Category:Swedish men's footballers]]
[[Category:Macedonian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Men's association football wingers]]
[[Category:IF Brommapojkarna players]]
[[Category:Atalanta BC players]]
[[Category:Parma Calcio 1913 players]]
[[Category:Juventus FC players]]
[[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players]]
[[Category:Serie A players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:North Macedonia men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Sweden men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Sweden men's under-21 international footballers]]
[[Category:Sweden men's international footballers]]
[[Category:UEFA Euro 2020 players]]
[[Category:Macedonian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Italy]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in England]]
[[Category:Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in Italy]]
[[Category:Macedonian expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Italy]]
[[Category:Swedish expatriate sportspeople in England]]
[[Category:Swedish people of Macedonian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century Swedish sportsmen]]

Woodstock, Ontario

2024-11-12T19:43:04Z

Hcoder3104:

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| motto = The Friendly City<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.woodstock.on.ca/index.php?menu_id=47|title=City of Woodstock: Local History|website=woodstock.on.ca|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=5 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105040521/http://city.woodstock.on.ca/index.php?menu_id=47|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Canada Southern Ontario
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_mapsize = 200
| coordinates = {{coord|43|07|50|N|80|44|48|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name = Canada
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = County
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ontario]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Oxford County, Ontario|Oxford]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1721 (as town)
| established_title2 = 
| established_date2 = 1891 (city)
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Jerry Acchione
| leader_title1 = Governing Body
| leader_name1 = Woodstock City Council
| unit_pref = 
| area_footnotes = <ref name=SC16>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3532042&Geo2=CD&Code2=3532&Data=Count&SearchText=woodstock&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=[[Canada 2016 Census|2016 Census data]] |date=8 February 2017 |access-date=March 18, 2017}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 56.46
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>[http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/topo/map Natural Resources Canada - Toporama] - varies within city from 280m to 314m.</ref>
| elevation_m = 300
| population_total = 46705
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2021census/>
| population_density_km2 = 827.2
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]]
| postal_code = [[List of postal codes of Canada: N|N4S to N4T]]
| area_code = [[Area codes 519 and 226|519, 226, and 548]]
| website = [http://www.cityofwoodstock.ca/ www.cityofwoodstock.ca]
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[House of Commons of Canada|MPs]]
| leader_name2 = [[Arpan Khanna]]
| leader_title3 = [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|MPPs]]
| leader_name3 = [[Ernie Hardeman]]
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset = −5
| timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −4
}}

'''Woodstock''' is a city in [[Southwestern Ontario]], Canada. The city has a population of 46,705 according to the [[Canada 2016 Census|2016 Canadian census]]. Woodstock is the seat of [[Oxford County, Ontario|Oxford County]], at the head of the [[Thames River, Ontario|Thames River]], approximately 128 km from [[Toronto]], and 43 km from [[London, Ontario]]. The city is known as the Dairy Capital of Canada and promotes itself as "The Friendly City".

Woodstock was first settled by [[Europe|European colonists]] and [[United Empire Loyalists]] in 1800, starting with Zacharias Burtch and Levi Luddington,<ref>[http://www.city.woodstock.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&id=106&Itemid=190 Local History]. City.woodstock.on.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-24.</ref> and was incorporated as a town in 1851. Since then, Woodstock has maintained steady growth, and is now a small city in [[Southwestern Ontario]]. As a small historic city, Woodstock is one of the few cities in Ontario to still have all of its original administration buildings. The city has developed a strong economic focus towards [[manufacturing]] and [[tourism]]. It is also a market city for the surrounding agricultural industry.

Woodstock is home to a campus of [[Fanshawe College]]. The city plays host to a number of cultural and artistic exhibits, including the Woodstock Museum, a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|national historic site]]. Woodstock's summer festivals contribute to its tourism industry; however, its economic activity is centred on the manufacturing centre, the city being home to several auto-manufacturing factories. The city's west end has exceptionally well-preserved [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] streetscapes; most notable of these streets is Vansittart Avenue, named after Admiral [[Henry Vansittart (Royal Navy officer)|Henry Vansittart]], one of the city's first settlers. Woodstock has a large [[Woodstock District Community Complex|community centre]] with a rink capable of accommodating 1,800 spectators for hockey games. The centre also has a large banquet hall and atrium which play host to many social gatherings for the community.<ref>[http://www.city.woodstock.on.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=169&Itemid=414 Woodstock District Community Complex]. City.woodstock.on.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-24.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Simcoe by Mosnier.jpg|thumbnail|left|Sir John Graves Simcoe]]
[[File:Rear-Admiral Henry Vansittart.jpg|thumb|Rear-Admiral [[Henry Vansittart (Royal Navy officer)|Henry Vansittart]]]]
The community was first settled in 1800 after it was determined by [[Sir John Graves Simcoe]], governor of what was then known as [[Upper Canada]], that the area would make a good townsite. The early settlers were generally American immigrants from New York state, such as Levi Burtch and Dr. Levi Hoyt Perry.

Increased immigration from [[Great Britain]] followed in the 1820s and 1830s, including the half pay officers [[Henry Vansittart (Royal Navy officer)|Henry Vansittart]] and Andrew Drew. Admiral Vansittart commissioned Col. Andrew Drew to build a church (Old St. Paul's) in a new area of Oxford that was known as the "Town Plot". The men would later quarrel, which would lead to the construction of a second church known as "New St. Paul's".

In 1836 there were 200 people living in Woodstock, and by 1846 the population had grown to almost 1100 inhabitants. There were six churches or chapels, a jail, a court house, one bank agency, a school and two weekly newspapers. Several court and government offices were located here. Industry included two grist mills, a saw mill, a [[fulling]] mill, a brewery and a distillery and four wagon makers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Wm. H. |date=1846 |title=SMITH'S CANADIAN GAZETTEER - STATISTICAL AND GENERAL INFORMATION RESPECTING ALL PARTS OF THE UPPER PROVINCE, OR CANADA WEST|url=https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |location=Toronto |publisher=H. & W. ROWSELL |page=223}}</ref>

Woodstock was incorporated as a town in 1851 and had its first town meeting in the Royal Pavilion Hotel. This year also saw the start of the Town Hall and local government.

In 1901, Woodstock, with a population of nearly 9,000, petitioned the provincial legislature for city status and the "Town of Woodstock" was incorporated into the "City of Woodstock".

From 1900 to 1920, an electric [[streetcar]] ran down the streets of Woodstock; as well, after 1920, bricks were used to pave the main street of Woodstock. The bricks were later removed in the 1940s.

==Historical events==

===Mowat's provincial premiership===
Sir [[Oliver Mowat]], a native of [[Kingston, Ontario]], served as member of the provincial parliament for the region from 1872 to 1896, during which time he was also premier of the province of Ontario.

===1890 Birchall Trial===
The 1890 Trial began with the arrest of [[Reginald Birchall]] in [[Niagara Falls, Ontario]]. Birchall was held at the Woodstock jail for seven months until his murder trial began in September of that year. The trial took place at the Woodstock Town Hall as the Court House was under construction at the time. The trial received worldwide media coverage, with reporters camped out across from the Town Hall in the Oxford Hotel.

===1979 tornado===
{{main|1979 Woodstock, Ontario, tornado}}
On August 7, 1979, the Woodstock area was hit by three [[tornado]]es, two of which were rated F4 on the [[Fujita scale]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-70-1713-11753/disasters_tragedies/tornadoes/clip5|title=CBC Archives|website=cbc.ca|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref> On the west side of town along [[Ingersoll, Ontario|Ingersoll]] Road, a Dominion Food Store was heavily damaged while the tornadoes skipped over every other home and business. Dickson's Florist was wiped out and the Fry home was moved on its foundation. Father Grondziel of the new [[Poland|Polish]] [[Roman Catholic Church]], next to the Dominion Food Store, had just stepped into the washroom when one of the tornadoes passed by and took off the roof of the church and everything in the room he had just been in. No one on the street was injured but the cleanup took many weeks. On the south side, the buildings of the [http://www.maranathacrcwoodstock.com/ Maranatha Christian Reformed Church] and the [http://www.jkcs.on.ca John Knox Christian School] were destroyed.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Woodstock (1981−2010)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 18.3
|Feb record high C = 20.0
|Mar record high C = 25.0
|Apr record high C = 30.5
|May record high C = 35.0
|Jun record high C = 37.0
|Jul record high C = 38.9
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 37.2
|Oct record high C = 29.4
|Nov record high C = 22.8
|Dec record high C = 18.0
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan high C = −1.9
|Feb high C = −0.5
|Mar high C = 4.4
|Apr high C = 12.1
|May high C = 19.0
|Jun high C = 24.4
|Jul high C = 26.6
|Aug high C = 25.5
|Sep high C = 21.3
|Oct high C = 14.1
|Nov high C = 7.2
|Dec high C = 0.9
|year high C = 12.8
|Jan mean C = −5.8
|Feb mean C = −4.7
|Mar mean C = −0.3
|Apr mean C = 6.8
|May mean C = 13.1
|Jun mean C = 18.5
|Jul mean C = 20.8
|Aug mean C = 19.8
|Sep mean C = 15.7
|Oct mean C = 9.2
|Nov mean C = 3.5
|Dec mean C = −2.5
|year mean C = 7.8
|Jan low C = −9.6
|Feb low C = −8.9
|Mar low C = −4.9
|Apr low C = 1.4
|May low C = 7.2
|Jun low C = 12.6
|Jul low C = 14.9
|Aug low C = 14.0
|Sep low C = 10.0
|Oct low C = 4.2
|Nov low C = −0.3
|Dec low C = −5.9
|year low C = 2.9
|Jan record low C = −36.7
|Feb record low C = −32.2
|Mar record low C = −31.1
|Apr record low C = −16.7
|May record low C = −6.7
|Jun record low C = −0.5
|Jul record low C = 2.8
|Aug record low C = 0.6
|Sep record low C = −3.9
|Oct record low C = −10.6
|Nov record low C = −21.1
|Dec record low C = −29.4
|year record low C = −36.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 67.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 60.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 62.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 80.0
|May precipitation mm = 88.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 82.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 103.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 82.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 92.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 77.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 93.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 78.0
|year precipitation mm = 969.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 34.9
|Feb rain mm = 35.0
|Mar rain mm = 43.7
|Apr rain mm = 75.1
|May rain mm = 88.5
|Jun rain mm = 82.8
|Jul rain mm = 103.8
|Aug rain mm = 82.3
|Sep rain mm = 92.0
|Oct rain mm = 76.2
|Nov rain mm = 85.5
|Dec rain mm = 49.1
|year rain mm = 848.8
|Jan snow cm = 32.6
|Feb snow cm = 24.9
|Mar snow cm = 19.2
|Apr snow cm = 4.9
|May snow cm = 0.1
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 1.5
|Nov snow cm = 8.2
|Dec snow cm = 28.9
|year snow cm = 120.3
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 15.5
|Feb precipitation days = 11.9
|Mar precipitation days = 12.5
|Apr precipitation days = 13.7
|May precipitation days = 13.2
|Jun precipitation days = 10.6
|Jul precipitation days = 12.7
|Aug precipitation days = 11.2
|Sep precipitation days = 12.7
|Oct precipitation days = 13.7
|Nov precipitation days = 15.3
|Dec precipitation days = 14.8
|year precipitation days = 157.7
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 5.0
|Feb rain days = 5.2
|Mar rain days = 7.3
|Apr rain days = 12.4
|May rain days = 13.2
|Jun rain days = 10.6
|Jul rain days = 12.7
|Aug rain days = 11.2
|Sep rain days = 12.7
|Oct rain days = 13.7
|Nov rain days = 12.4
|Dec rain days = 7.3
|year rain days = 123.5
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days = 11.2
|Feb snow days = 7.8
|Mar snow days = 5.9
|Apr snow days = 1.9
|May snow days = 0.04
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.54
|Nov snow days = 3.5
|Dec snow days = 8.4
|year snow days = 39.1
|Jan sun = 82.9
|Feb sun = 93.8
|Mar sun = 130.1
|Apr sun = 170.8
|May sun = 238.3
|Jun sun = 260.0
|Jul sun = 297.5
|Aug sun = 263.6
|Sep sun = 208.7
|Oct sun = 167.8
|Nov sun = 87.5
|Dec sun = 66.7
|year sun = 2067.8
|source 1 = Environment Canada (sun 1951–1980)<ref name="CCN">{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=4835&lang=e&dCode=1&province=ONT&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12
| title = Woodstock
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010
| date=31 October 2011 | access-date = April 12, 2014}}</ref><ref name=sunshinenormals>
{{cite web
| publisher = Environment Canada
| url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/13QX0sDOThsWjKZGOtRKZQLZQyuiVTwM7/view
| title = Canadian Climate Normals 1951–1980 Volume 7: Bright Sunshine
| access-date = October 24, 2020}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title = Historical populations
|type = Canada
|align = right
|width =
|state =
|shading =
|percentages =
|footnote =
|1841|1085
|1871|3982
|1881|5373
|1891|8612
|1901|8833
|[[Canada 1911 Census|1911]]|9320
|1921|9935
|1931|11395
|1941|12339
|1951|15544
|1961|20486
|1971|26173
|1981|26603
|1991|30075
|[[Canada 1996 Census|1996]]|32253
|[[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|33061
|[[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|35480
|[[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|37754
|[[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|40902
}}

In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Woodstock had a population of {{val|46705|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|18886|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|19528|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:46705-41098}}|41098|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|41098|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|56.46|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|46705|56.46|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref>

According to the 2016 Canadian Census, approximately 78.2% of residents were [[European Canadians]], whereas 5.3% were visible minorities and 2.2% were aboriginal (including 1.4% [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]]). The largest visible minority group was [[Black Canadian]] with 1.6% of the population. No other visible minority makes up more than 1% of the population. The median household income was $68,213 as of 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=POPC&Code1=1039&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Woodstock&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 |title=Community Profiles from the 2016 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision |publisher=2.statcan.gc.ca |date=December 6, 2010 |access-date=April 13, 2013}}</ref>

==Government==
The city government, Woodstock City Council, consists of four city councillors, two city and county councillors, and the mayor who serves as the Head of Council. The current mayor, Jerry Acchione, was elected as mayor on Oct. 24, 2022 after serving two terms as a city councillor.

Woodstock is the seat of Oxford County, with the County Administration Building located across from City Hall in the area of Dundas and Reeve Streets. The city is governed by both the city and Oxford county councils, each with specific "spheres of jurisdiction".<ref name="Ontario Municipal Act">{{cite web|title=Government of Ontario Statutes| date=24 July 2014 |url=https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/01m25?search=exclusive+sphere#BK14|publisher=Government of Ontario}}</ref> During 2005, economic development services, then exclusive to the county, was negotiated away from them by former mayor Michael Harding.

{|class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+'''Woodstock federal election results'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/44gedata&document=bypro&lang=e |title=Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in Woodstock)|date=10 May 2022 |publisher=Elections Canada |access-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative}}|
! [[2021 Canadian federal election|2021]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | 24%
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''5,102''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | '''42%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''8,794''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 21%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''4,444''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 2%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''518''
|-
! [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | 22%
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''4,600''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | '''43%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''9,200''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 23%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''4,858''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 8%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''1,650''
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+'''Woodstock provincial election results'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.on.ca/en/resource-centre/elections-results.html |title=Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in Woodstock)|publisher=Election Ontario |access-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Ontario New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Ontario|Green]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC}}|
! [[2022 Ontario general election|2022]]
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|background}} | '''48%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"| ''7,119''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|background}} | 24%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''3,555''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|background}} | 16%
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"|''2,295''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Green|background}} | 4%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''661''
|-
! [[2018 Ontario general election|2018]]
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|background}} | '''51%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"| ''9,319''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|background}} | 34%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''6,132''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|background}} | 8%
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"|''1,501''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Green|background}} | 4%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''740''
|-
|}

For provincial and federal elections, Woodstock is included in the riding of Oxford. Currently, the MP of Oxford is Arpan Khanna (Conservative), and the MPP is Ernie Hardeman (Progressive Conservative).

==Healthcare==

Woodstock General Hospital was located on Riddell Street in central Woodstock for over a century. In the fall of 2011, the WGH moved to a new location in a newly developing area in the southern end of Woodstock. Through millions of dollars in local private donations, backed by government grants, the city now has a new state-of-the-art medical facility. The new hospital is close to highway 401, the busiest highway in North America,<ref>{{cite book| title = Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada
| first = Hanna
| last = Maier
| publisher = Federal Highway Administration
| date = October 9, 2007
| section = Chapter 2
| url = https://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm
| access-date = May 1, 2010
| quote = The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004 and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000 vehicles.}}</ref> and has many upgrades including a helipad and an MRI/cancer centre. It caters to a population of about 55,000 people. It has a workforce of nearly 600 people and 270 volunteers.

Woodstock was the former home of the Oxford Regional Centre. Opened in 1906 as the Hospital for Epileptics, it was later renamed the Ontario Hospital in 1919. Originally on the west side of Highway 59, the hospital then expanded on the east side in the 1950s and transformed into a house for mentally disabled individuals. At its peak, the centre employed 1,500 people. It closed in 1996, and since then all buildings have been demolished except for part of the powerhouse, now the Brickhouse Brewpub - part of the Upper Thames Brewing Company, and the mess hall which has been converted into a community centre for Sally Creek. As well a carved insert with the words "Ontario Hospital" remains in the stone wall on the west side of Highway 59 north of Fairway Road. A polished black granite memorial to the institution sits at Dr. J. J. Williams Park on Lakeview Drive east of Highway 59.

Woodstock also has a variety of Provincial IHF Facilities and Specialists including Large outpatient Cardiology Centre KMH, which houses Cardiologists and Internal Medicine Specialists offering Cardiology Testing such as Echocardiograms, SPECT nuclear medicine, and Holter monitors.<ref>{{cite web |title=KMH Labs |url=http://www.kmhlabs.com |publisher=KMH Cardiology Centres |access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
Woodstock has two [[sister city|sister cities]]: [[Sylvania, Ohio|Sylvania]], [[Ohio]], United States, and [[Pesche]], Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cityofwoodstock.ca/en/city-governance/sister-cities.aspx|title=Sister Cities|website=www.cityofwoodstock.ca|access-date=April 6, 2018}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Festivals===
* The Woodstock Wood Show
* The Woodstock Car Show & Shop
* The Ontario Woodworking Championships
* Canada's Outdoor Farm Show
* The Woodstock Fair
* Cultural Canvas
* Cowapolooza
* Oxford Creative Connections
* Woodstock Rotary Club Dragon Boat Festival
* Woodstock Rotary Festival of Music
* Summer Streetfest
* Woodstock Fleece Festival
* Woodstock Pet Expo

===Year-round attractions===
* Gallery Cinemas
* Theatre Woodstock
* OLG Slots
* Ross Butler Studio Agricultural Art Gallery

===Cultural===
* Woodstock Museum - National Historic Site
* Woodstock Art Gallery
* Theatre Woodstock

The Woodstock Art Gallery is located at 449 Dundas Street in the renovated John White Building. The Art Gallery, which originally started in the basement of the Woodstock Public Library, proudly showcases the work of Florence Carlyle.

Theatre Woodstock houses plays year-round in the former market building across from the museum.

==Downtown==
Downtown Woodstock stretches from Vansittart Avenue to Huron Street on Dundas Street, the city's main street. It houses the city's banks, administration buildings, independent retailers and several restaurants. The majority of buildings are a century old. Downtown promotes itself through its Business Improvement Area members as a place to shop, work, play and dine. Although there are a few vacancies in the city centre, the downtown is full of beautiful historic buildings and several unique retail outlets. {{Citation needed|date=November 2011}} In the 1990s the city undertook an extensive makeover of the main street, adding many gardens and cobbled sidewalks. Every summer the main street is shut down for the city's "Summer Streetfest" celebrations, a mix of retail sales and various entertainment.

==Historical landmarks==

[[File:Old City Hall Woodstock Ontario 1.jpg|left|thumb]]

===The Town Hall===
The Old Town Hall, now the Woodstock Museum, NHS was built in 1853 and modelled architecturally on the Town Hall in Woodstock, England. Designed by Peter Craib, the Town Hall was built by David White, W.P. Dixon and William McKay. It is majestic for its size, with semi-circular windows and a domed cupola. It served as the first market, first fire hall, community hall, and lockup for the town, and was the location of the world-famous Birchall-Benwell murder trial in 1890. Canada's first elected female mayor of a City, Bernadette Smith, served here from 1952 to 1965, and the original town council chamber used from 1871 to 1968 inside has been restored. (Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Buildings of Woostock, Ontario'')

===The Market Building===
[[File:Market Building.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Market Building]]
The Woodstock Market was built in 1895 by the architect W.B. Ford, using 140,000 feet of lumber, {{frac|1|1|4}} tons of nails, and {{frac|1|1|4}} miles of putty on a site previously occupied by wooden market sheds. The low roof and wide canopies are typical of market construction in this period, and interesting features included the twin towers, the drinking fountain at the front door, and the use of stone in the trim. (Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Public Buildings of Woodstock, Ontario'')

===Woodstock Jail/Gaol===
[[File:Oxford County Board of Health Woodstock Ontario.JPG|thumbnail|180px|left|Oxford County Gaol]]
The old jail was built in 1854 by Hamilton architects Clark and Murray in the Italianate style, with many arches, and an octagonal {{frac|2|1|2}}-storey tower; in this case, the architecture camouflages the function of the institution. Four men and one woman were hanged in the yard, including the infamous Birchall, who posing as "Lord Somerset" duped the entire town and murdered his gentlemen farmer apprentice; this was Victorian Canada's most sensational murder case. The death mask at the entrance is of blind Thomas Cook, hanged in 1862 for murdering his wife; his head rolled into the crowd, and afterwards public hangings were discontinued. The building was recently restored by Carlos Ventin of The Ventin Group architects of Simcoe, after a decade of lobbying by the "Save the Jail" Committee, with spectacular results, and is now occupied by Oxford County Public Health.(Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Public Buildings of Woodstock, Ontario'')

===Woodstock Public Library===
[[File:Public Library Woodstock Ontario.JPG|thumbnail|180px|right|Woodstock Public Library]]
The Woodstock Public Library was built in 1909 by Chadwick and Beckett of Toronto on a [[Carnegie library]] grant, and it is considered one of the most attractive Carnegie libraries in Ontario. It is in classical revival style, with a graceful entrance, bi-chromatic brickwork, and well-balanced windows; the rotunda inside is beautifully proportioned and dramatic. The library traces its history back to a reading society formed in 1835 with Rev. William Bettridge of Old St. Paul's Church as president, and possesses the only complete set of minute books in the province dating back to 1835.
Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Public Buildings of Woodstock, Ontario''

===Oxford County Court House===
[[File:Oxford County Court House Woodstock Ontario 2.JPG|thumbnail|180px|left|Oxford County Court House]]
Built in 1892 to replace a Regency predecessor of 1839, the Courthouse is a massive building of sandstone in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, with a complex roof line. The first architect was dismissed in 1890 after the walls were found to be faulty, and replaced by Cuthbertson of Woodstock and Fowler of Toronto. Monkey heads are hidden among the capitals of the red marble pillars at the two front entrances, and the monkey at the peak is said to have been carved by the contractor to represent the county council after a dispute over payment.

===City Hall/Old Post Office===
[[File:City Hall Woodstock Ontario 1.jpg|thumbnail|180px|right|Woodstock City Hall building]]
The current City Hall was originally built in 1901 as a post office during the term of Alexander McClenaghan, postmaster for thirty years. Bourgue DesRivieres of Ottawa were the architects and William Hall Burns, a prominent Ottawa sculptor of the Library of Parliament, was commissioned to do the exterior stone carving. Built of warm sandstone, with decorative trim in the gables and a bold corner tower with four clocks, it was converted to municipal offices in 1968.
Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Public Buildings of Woodstock, Ontario''

===Old Fire Hall===
[[File:Old Fire Hall Woodstock Ontario 1.JPG|thumbnail|180px|left|Old Perry Street Fire Hall]]
The Perry Street firehall was built in 1899 at a cost of $7,500 to house the horse-drawn wagons. On Saturday evenings, people would gather to see the horses rush out of their stalls at the sound of the regular 9 o'clock bell, race around the building and back themselves into the shafts ready to be harnessed by firefighters as they slid down the pole from their upstairs quarters. The firehall features a square tower with detailed brickwork at the top, and a miniature tower to the right. The tower bell used to ring for fires, curfews, and lost children, and is now mounted in Southside Park.
(Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Public Buildings of Woodstock, Ontario'')

===Woodstock Armoury===
[[File:Armoury.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Old Armoury building]]
The old Armouries was erected in 1904 by Nagle and Mills of Ingersoll as the home of the Oxford Rifles until 1954. The crenelated towers give it an appearance of heavy fortification, and its architecture reveals function through its exterior form, making interesting use of stone and brick. In 1971, after being declared surplus to Department of National Defence needs, it was transformed into offices for the Oxford County Board of Education, at which times its two wrought-iron spiral staircases (valued at $3000) were sold at public auction for $250 apiece.

A stone cairn made with stones from the beach of Dieppe, where members of the Battalion participated in The Battle of Dieppe in August 1942, accounts the history of the Oxford Rifles.

===Woodstock Via Station===
{{Main|Woodstock station (Ontario)}}

[[File:VIA Rail Station Woodstock Ontario 2.JPG|thumbnail|180px|left|Woodstock Via Rail Station]]
The Grand Trunk Railway owned and operated the Woodstock trains in 1914. They would later go bankrupt and be bought out by CN. [[Via Rail|Via]] now resides in the heritage building once occupied by Grand Trunk.

===Pattulo's Fountain===
[[File:Pattullo's fountain.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Pattulo's Fountain]]
This fountain sits in front of The Woodstock Museum or Old Town Hall. The fountain was erected in 1916 in honour of Andrew Pattulo, who was head of the Sentinel-Review newspaper in the early twentieth century.

===Old Registry Building===
[[File:Registry Office Woodstock Ontario.JPG|thumbnail|180px|left|Old Registry Office]]
The Old Registry Office, now housing Oxford County Social Services, was constructed in 1876 to replace an earlier building on the County Square's opposite front corner, and served as a registry office until 1952. Italianate in style like the old jail, it is highlighted by semi-circular masonry over the windows carried out in the arch over the door. Its walls are two feet thick and its roof is said to be filled with sand, making the structure fireproof, and conforming to design plans common to registry offices of that era in Ontario.
Start, Turner, Gardhouse, Bennett, ''Historic Public Buildings of Woodstock, Ontario''
Plaques: The first Registry office built in Oxford County was located west of here at the corner of Hunter and Light Streets, Woodstock, 1847. This building, the second Registry Office, was constructed in 1876 and remained in use until 1952. Five registrars of deeds served Oxford in their private homes and in these offices: Capt. Thomas Horner (1800–1834), James Ingersoll (1834–1886), George R. Pattullo (1186–1922), Wallace L. MacWhinnie (1922–1950), and Ross V. Tuck (1950–1969).

===Oxford Hotel===
[[File:Oxford Hotel.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Oxford Hotel]]
The Oxford Hotel, located across from Market Square and the Town Hall in Woodstock, was built in 1880 as "The O'Neill House". It saw guests such as Oscar Wilde and Reginald Birchall, and later had a double purpose – it was the meeting spot for media in Birchall's trial. In 1895, the hotel saw a new owner, who named it "Oxford" and it would change hands twice more in the twentieth century.
The Oxford Hotel also booked some interesting acts. In 1924, the "Human Fly", who was then all the rage across Canada and the United States, walked across the walls of Oxford's Hotel. (SR, July 21, 1924)
The Hotel sits empty now and is available for purchase. There is a historical plaque on the building, recognizing its contributions to local history.

===Captain Andrew Drew House===
735 Rathbourne Ave. Built in 1833. Drew divided the eastern section of the town into town lots and formed the nucleus of this community. A plaque for Captain Andrew Drew, R.N., 1792–1878. Co-founder of Woodstock with [https://www.berkshirehistory.com/bios/hvansittart_adm.html Henry Vansittart]. He led the loyalist forces, which destroyed the American steamer Caroline during the 1837 Rebellion.

===Hawkin's Chapel===
North of Park Row, west of Mill St. A movement to build a church for black people resulted in its construction in 1888. The church closed in 1985 when it was sold for a house.

===Hugh Richardson House===
419 Vincent St. Neo-classical style house built in 1849. The first owner, Hugh Richardson, was the presiding judge at the Louis Riel trial in 1885. Richardson was also the first reeve of Woodstock.

===James Hay Residence===
An Italianate-style home built in 1878. There is a lamp post from the Vansittart farm on the property. A plaque for James Hay, a well-known industrialist born in Woodstock, who was one of the founders of the Board of Trade in 1878, elected to Town Council in 1880 and Mayor between 1893 and 1894.

===Perry-Hill Home; "House of the Valley"===
130 Finkle St. It is the oldest house in Woodstock, built in 1819 by Dr. Perry, the first doctor and teacher in Woodstock.

===T.L. "Carbide" Willson House===
210 Vansittart Ave, Woodstock ON, N4S 6E9, CANADA. The home was built in 1895 by [[Thomas Willson|Thomas "Carbide" Willson]], inventor of the first commercial calcium-carbide process for the manufacturer of acetylene gas. It was the residence of the Sisters of St. Joseph's until 1975. It's now a Guest House/B&B named Château la Motte (www.chateaulamotte.ca) owned by Alida and François Joubert. They are from South Africa, but François' family comes from the south of France (hence La Motte-d'Aiques, Provence).

===Kyrtleglen House===
145 Delatre Street, built in 1846, was originally owned and built by Malcolm Douglas. Malcolm married Christina Hay of the James Hay family. Douglas was the owner of the local tannery. His son built a twin of the house in town to a smaller scale. Douglas street is named after him.

==Education==

===Post-Secondary===
* [[Fanshawe College]], the city's only post-secondary institution
The campus is located at the south end of the city, offering a variety of full- and part-time programs. Fanshawe has applied for a permit to add onto their campus. The addition would double the size of the current campus and allow the institution to offer a much wider selection of programs.

===Secondary schools===
* School Within A College (SWAC)-Woodstock (Alternative Education)
* [[Woodstock Collegiate Institute]]
* [[Huron Park Secondary School]]
* [[College Avenue Secondary School]]
* [[St. Mary's Catholic High School (Woodstock, Ontario)|St Mary's High School (Catholic)]]
* Ecole Secondaire Notre Dame

===Elementary schools===

- Thames Valley District School Board (Anglophone, Public)
* Algonquin Public School (1994), 634.
* Central Public School (1880s), 289.
* Eastdale Public School (1955), 278.
* Northdale Public School (1950), 264.
* Oliver Stephens Public School.
* Southside Public School (1956), 266.
* Springbank Public School (1964), 272.
* Winchester Street Public School (1963), 192. Originally [[Donald Matheson Sutherland|D.M. Sutherland]] Senior Public School.
* [[Roch Carrier]] French Immersion Public School (2011). Originally Huron Park Public School (1953), renamed Hillcrest Public School (1969).

- London District Catholic School Board (Anglophone, Catholic)
* St Michael's Catholic School (1967), 410.
* Holy Family Catholic French Immersion (1996). Originally St. Mary's High School (1981), 192.
* St Patrick's Catholic School (unknown), 249.

- [[Conseil scolaire catholique Providence]] (Francophone, Catholic)
* École élémentaire Sainte-Marguerite-Bourgeoys (2011, current Bristol St. location). Originally located at 345 Huron St.

- Private
* Woodstock Christian School (1960s).

==Sports and recreation==
[[File:Autumn fishing north shore.jpg|thumb|180px|left|The Gordon Pittock Conservation Area, at the northeastern edge of the city]]
Woodstock has several parks and gardens. Most notable is '''Southside Park''', which has a playground, baseball diamonds, public washrooms, soccer fields, gardens, and a new Skatepark. It also has a large pond, and many walking trails. [[Tip O'Neill (baseball)|Tip O'Neill]] Field at Southside Park is home for the '''Woodstock Rangers OBA Junior baseball team.'''

At the North End of the city is Roth Park and the Gordon Pittock Conservation Area, which stretch along the shores '''Gordon Pittock Reservoir''', an artificial lake created by the construction of the [[Pittock Dam]]. This park contains a playground and several kilometers of walking, running, and biking trails.

The '''Woodstock Dragon Boat Club''' also uses the Gordon Pittock Reservoir as their home. They are a growing dragon boat community consisting of both adult and junior teams.

Woodstock has two ice rinks, two at the Community Complex at the south end of the city, and one at the fairgrounds in the central region. Southwood Arena at the Community Complex is home for the [[Woodstock Navy-Vets]] '''OHA Junior hockey team.'''

Woodstock also has a roller derby team called the Woodstock Warriors. [[Woodstock Roller Derby|Woodstock roller derby]] was founded in 2011.

The Woodstock Soccer Club constructed an indoor turf field house and outdoor soccer park in the northwestern corner of the city, at the former site of the Oxford Regional Centre. The City now owns this facility, known as Cowan Park. The city has one indoor swimming pool, Southside Aquatic Centre, and the local YMCA and Lions Pools closed.

The city's Craigowan (Oxford) Golf Club, a private facility, dates from 1909, on a different site from that used by the current course. It has hosted provincial championships, and in 2014 staged the Canadian Women's Amateur Championship.

==Natural areas and parks==

===Burgess Park===
Oxford Road 59 N. {{convert|28.5|ha|acre|abbr=off}} of naturalized area outside of city limits. Part of the Upper Thame River Conservation Authority.

===Harry Roth Park===
Huron St. {{convert|10|ha|acre|abbr=off}} for passive recreations and fishing. Part of the Upper Thames River Conversation Authority.

===Homer Brown===
Pavey St. {{convert|3|ha|acre|abbr=off}} of parkland.

===McIntosh Park===
Butler St. This park, with an area of {{convert|4.5|ha|acre|abbr=off}}, was named after the former operators of a wood and coal business and later an ice factory. It is located on the former site of McIntosh Mill Pond.

===Gordon Pittock Conservation Area and Dam===
725138 Pittock Park Rd. Passive recreation and fishing. Hunting is restricted. It is managed by the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority. It is on the shores of a reservoir created by [[Pittock Dam]], which was completed in 1967. The cost of the dam and land base at that time was close to $6 million. Present annual maintenance costs are about $40,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pittock Dam & Reservoir |url=http://thamesriver.on.ca/water-management/flood-control-structures/pittock-dam/ |publisher=The Upper Thames River Conservation Authority |access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>

The Pittock Dam is designed for both [[flood control]] and flow augmentation purposes. It is designed to benefit water quality downstream during dry summer conditions and provide year-round flood control capability to protect downstream communities.

==Industry==

===Toyota plant===
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2018}}
In June 2005, [[Toyota]] announced plans to build a new, $1.1 billion CAD automobile assembly plant in Woodstock on a {{convert|1,000|acre|km2|adj=on}} undeveloped site in the city's northeast end. The plant was expected to employ 2000 people and begin full production of the [[Toyota RAV4]] [[SUV]] in November 2008, at the rate of 150,000 a year. However, because of slowing car sales and bleeding market share to South Korean marques, Toyota cut production by 50% to 75,000 a year and reduced the work force 40% to 1,200 people. The other 800 workers are expected to be recalled when (if ever) car sales increase. It was the first new auto assembly plant to be built in Canada in two decades.

In January 2010 the second shift was added and production increased to 150,000 units per year. In 2012 they began production of the all-electric RAV4 EV in conjunction with Tesla motors. In 2013, the combined production of the RAV4 and RAV4 EV will increase to 200,000 units per year and an additional 400 workers well be added. This will bring the total work force at the Woodstock facility to 2,400.

===Hino Motors Canada Ltd.===
In early March 2006, [[Hino Motors]], a Toyota Motor Co. subsidiary, announced that it will be the first Japanese truck manufacturer to build its vehicles in Canada with a new Woodstock plant slated to begin production in April 2006, in the former General Seating plant in the Pattullo Ridge Business Park near Highway 401 and Highway 59.

The $3 million, {{convert|11000|m2|adj=on}} plant will employ 45 and assemble 2,000 trucks a year when it begins production.<ref>{{cite news | title=Hino coming to Woodstock | publisher=Woodstock Sentinel-Review | first=Bruce | last=Urquhart | date=7 March 2006 | url=http://cgi.bowesonline.com/pedro.php?id=306&x=story&xid=216914 | access-date=2007-12-30 | archive-date=2008-12-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207024256/http://cgi.bowesonline.com/pedro.php?id=306 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

In late November 2008 the Hino Motors automotive plant was completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinocanada.com/index-1.html |title=About Hino |publisher=Himo Motors Canada Ltd. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104155332/http://www.hinocanada.com/index-1.html |archive-date=January 4, 2009}}</ref>

===Other industries===
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2017}}
Woodstock is also home to industries:
*General Motors National Parts Distribution Warehouse, with approximately 1,000,000 square feet of floor space, it is the largest of its kind in Canada (est. 1976)
*Vuteq Canada, an automotive supply company to General Motors and Toyota and employs 450.
*[[Toyota Boshoku]], an automotive supply company to Toyota.
*[[Tigercat Industries]], a forestry and logging equipment manufacturer.
*RWF Bron, a heavy equipment manufacturer.
*Woodstock Precision Machining, a precision machine part supplier.
*Kelsey Hayes, an automotive supply company for Ford.
*Firestone, a textile/tire manufacturing company since 1936 (opened as Oxford Knitting Mills c. 1906 and acquired as Firestone Cotton Mills; facility closed in 2019)
*Agribrand Purina, pet food/feed manufacturing and distribution centre
*Green Metals Canada Inc, Recycling company service Toyota group companies
*Harvan Manufacturing Ltd, Manufacturer of gears, shafts, valve components, torsion bars, stabilizer bars, suspension control arms and drive components.

==Transportation==
[[File:VIA Rail Station Woodstock Ontario 3.JPG|thumb|Woodstock's Via Rail station]]
[[Woodstock Transit]] provides bus service on weekdays and Saturdays.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cityofwoodstock.ca/en/residential-services/schedules-and-maps.aspx |title=Schedules and Maps |publisher=City of Woodstock |access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>

For intercity travel [[Via Rail]] operates a [[Woodstock railway station (Ontario)|train station]] in the city, offering [[Corridor (Via Rail)|Quebec City-Windsor corridor]] service to Toronto, Windsor, and points in between.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viarail.ca/train-stations/en-station-woodstock-ontario.html|title=Find a station|date=27 April 2016|website=VIA Rail|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>

[[Ontario Highway 401|Highway 401]] runs along the southern edge of the city, and its western junction with [[Ontario Highway 403|Highway 403]] is located in the extreme south-east. Woodstock is centred on the intersection of the former [[Ontario Highway 59|Highway 59]] and [[Ontario Highway 2|Highway 2]], now Oxford Road 59 and Oxford Road 2.

[[File:Woodstock ON airport 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Woodstock Airport]]
[[Woodstock Airport (Ontario)|Woodstock Airport]] has a grass airstrip and is home to the local flying club. It is located {{convert|2.5|nmi|km}} west of Woodstock. The nearest airport with scheduled flights is [[London International Airport (Ontario)|London International Airport]], 40 km to the west on Highway 2 (Oxford Road 2). The nearest major airport is [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], 123 km to the east.<ref>{{cite web |title=Map from Woodstock to Pearson International Airport |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Toronto+Pearson+International+Airport+(YYZ),+Silver+Dart+Drive,+Mississauga,+ON/Woodstock,+ON/@43.4077015,-80.6267045,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x882b394ac02dd491:0xb41d5de9c4030ec5!2m2!1d-79.6248197!2d43.6777176!1m5!1m1!1s0x882c1f4754bf53cd:0x5037b28c7231e90!2m2!1d-80.7471651!2d43.1314966 |website=Google Maps |access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>

==Media==
Woodstock has one daily newspaper owned by [[Postmedia Network]], the ''[[Woodstock Sentinel-Review]]''.

There are three licensed [[FM radio]] stations:
* FM 94.3 - [[CJFH-FM|CJFH]], "Hope FM" :[[Christian music]]
* FM 103.9 - [[CKDK-FM|CKDK]] "Country 104": [[Country music]]
* FM 104.7 - [[CIHR-FM|CIHR]], "Heart FM": [[adult contemporary]]

There is one licensed [[Terrestrial television|over-the-air]] television station in Woodstock:
{|class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
!OTA [[virtual channel]] ([[Program and System Information Protocol|PSIP]])
!OTA actual channel
!Call sign
!Network
!Notes
|-
|31.1
|31 ([[ultra high frequency|UHF]])
|CITY-DT-2
|[[City (TV network)|City]]
|Rebroadcaster of [[CITY-DT]]
|}

Woodstock was used as a filming location and stood in for the fictional town of Matheson Massachusetts in the third season of the hit [[Netflix]] original series [[Locke & Key]] (2020-2022)

Woodstock is also served by [[Media in London, Ontario|media from nearby London, Ontario]].

==Notable people==
* [[Alfred Apps]] (born 1957), businessman and politician
* [[Reginald Birchall]] (1866–1890), British conman hanged in Woodstock
* [[Catherine Bond-Mills]] (born 1967), Olympic heptathlete
* [[Mary Bothwell]] (1900–1970s), opera singer and painter
* [[Joseph W. Boyle]] (1867–1923), Canadian businessman
* [[Ross Butler (artist)|Ross Butler]] (1907–1995), painter
* [[Florence Carlyle]] (1864–1923), painter
* [[Don Coles]] (1927–2017), poet
* [[Ted Long (ice hockey)|Ted Long]] (born 1955), retired [[World Hockey Association|WHA]] player
* [[Jake Muzzin]] (born 1989), professional ice hockey player
* [[David Naylor]] (born 1954), doctor and academic
* [[Duff Pattullo]] (1873–1956), premier of British Columbia
* [[Andrea Roth]] (born 1967), actress
* [[Frank Sandercock]] (1887–1942), president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association<ref>{{cite news|title=Dr. Frank Sandercock Past-Pres. Of C.A.H.A., Dies In City Tuesday|date=October 29, 1942|newspaper=Drumheller Mail|location=Drumheller, Alberta|page=1|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/sports-clipping-oct-29-1942-1697153/}}{{free access}}</ref>
* [[Gordon Tottle]] (1925– 1987), professional ice hockey player<ref name="Martin-1987">{{cite news|title=Gordon E. Tottle, Local, U.S. Team Hockey Player|last=Martin|first=Ed|date=March 12, 1987|newspaper=[[The Charlotte Observer]]|location=Charlotte, North Carolina|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93340764/tottle-1987/}}{{free access}}</ref><ref name="Hostetler-1987">{{cite news|title=Mecklenburg County Deaths: Mr. Gordon Elwood Tottle|last=Hostetler|first=Gerry|date=March 11, 1987|newspaper=[[The Charlotte Observer]]|location=Charlotte, North Carolina|page=12|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93340809/tottle-1987/}}{{free access}}</ref>
* [[Garth Turner]] (born 1949), business journalist
* [[Elizabeth Wettlaufer]] (born 1967), nurse and serial killer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news2/interactives/sh/TBk79oWhpi/elizabeth-wettlaufer-nurse-senior-deaths|title=How Elizabeth Wettlaufer became one of Canada's worst serial killers|website=CBC News}}</ref>
* [[Bob White (trade unionist)|Bob White]] (1935–2017), Canadian Auto Workers president
* [[Jeff Zehr]] (born 1978), professional hockey player
* [[Kevin Zegers]] (born 1984), actor and model

==Further reading==
Art Williams. ''Bits & Pieces: A Montage of Woodstock, Ontario in Text and Pictures.'' Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills, 1967, 1990.
Doug Symons. The Village that Straddled a Swamp. 1997.

==References==


{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Woodstock, Ontario}}
*{{official website|http://www.cityofwoodstock.ca}}

{{Geographic location 
| Centre = Woodstock
| North = [[East Zorra-Tavistock]]
| Northeast =
| East = [[Blandford-Blenheim]]
| Southeast =
| South = [[Norwich, Ontario|Norwich]]
| Southwest = [[South-West Oxford]]
| West = [[East Zorra-Tavistock]]
| Northwest =
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Woodstock, Ontario| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario]]

College Avenue Secondary School

2024-11-12T19:40:03Z

Hcoder3104:

{{unreferenced|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox school
| name = College Avenue Secondary School
| image =
| caption =
| address = 700 College Ave.
| city = [[Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock]]
| province = [[Ontario]]
| postcode = [[Postal codes in Canada|N4S 2C8]]
| country = Canada
| coordinates = {{coord|43.12376|N|80.74543|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
| schooltype = Public
| schoolboard = [[Thames Valley District School Board]]
| trustee = Bill McKinnon
| administrator = Sue Boersma
| principal = Ian Charlton
| grades_label = [[Education in Canada#Levels in education|Grades]]
| grades = 9 to 12
| enrollment = ~750
| language = [[English Language|English]]
| area = [[Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock]]
| colours = {{colourbox|blue}}{{colourbox|gold}} Blue and Gold
| team_name = Knights
| url = {{URL|https://collegeavenue.tvdsb.ca/en/index.aspx}}}}

'''College Avenue Secondary School''' is one of three public [[high school]]s in [[Woodstock, Ontario]] under the [[Thames Valley District School Board]] and is named after the street on which it is located. It is built on the site of the former Woodstock College, which closed in 1926. It offers full courses for students in grade 9 through 12. The school has a [[visual arts]] program and a number of [[technology]] courses, most notably its Hospitality program CASS CHEF(College Avenue Secondary School Culinary Hospitality Enriches Futures).{{when|date=January 2021}} The technological programs include; baking, cooking, horticulture, auto mechanics, welding and woodshop. The school also has a [[Canadian football|football]] team, as well as [[basketball]], [[ice hockey]], [[rugby football|rugby]], [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[track and field|track]] and [[volleyball]] teams called the CASS Knights. They offer a large variety of clubs, most notably the Band as well as Wired,The Robotics Club, the Rainbow Knights, and [[LBGT|LGBTQIA2S+]] advocacy group.

==See also==
* [[Education in Ontario]]
*[[List of secondary schools in Ontario]]

{{TVDSB Secondary}}

[[Category:High schools in Oxford County, Ontario]]
[[Category:Woodstock, Ontario]]
[[Category:Educational institutions in Canada with year of establishment missing]]

{{Ontario-school-stub}}

Real Kakamora F.C.

2024-10-20T17:19:21Z

Hcoder3104:

{{short description|Association football club in the Solomon Islands}}
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Real Kakamora FC
| image = REALKAKAMORALOGO2024.jpg
| upright = 0.8
| fullname = Real Kakamora Football Club
| founded = 27 January 1998; 26 years ago
| ground = [[Lawson Tama Stadium]], [[Honiara]]
| capacity = 22,000
| manager =
| coach =
| league = [[Solomon Islands S-League|Telekom S-League]]
| season = [[2024 Solomon Islands S-League|2024]]
| position = [[Solomon Islands S-League|Telekom S-League]], 3rd of 12
| owner =
| nickname =
}}

'''Real Kakamora Football Club''' is a [[Solomon Islands]] [[Association football|football]] club based in [[Honiara]]. The club competes in the [[Solomon Islands National Club Championship|Telekom S-League]], the top flight of [[Football in Solomon Islands|football in the Solomon Islands]].

==History==
[[File:Real Kakamora 2014.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Former club logo]]
Originally founded in January of 1998<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solomon Islands - List of Foundation Dates |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/solomfound.html |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref> as an amateur team, the club has alternated between a dark blue and white kit since its inception. They remained relatively unknown until 2011, when they joined the [[Telekom S-League]] as last-minute replacements for [[Makuru FC]], who had refused to play in the league on religious grounds.<ref name=":0">[https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/solom2011.html Solomon Islands 2011] – RSSSF</ref> Since joining, they played the majority of their home matches at the 22,000-capacity [[Lawson Tama Stadium]] in Honiara, which has served as the ''de facto'' home venue of the entire league as a whole, restricting the club to play both their home and away matches at the stadium.<ref name=":1" />

In [[Football in Solomon Islands|domestic football]], Real Kakamora enjoyed somewhat limited success in its first few seasons as a professional club, with two 4th-place finishes in the [[2011–12 Solomon Islands S-League|2011-12]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-24 |title=Solomon Warriors win TSL league |url=https://www.siff.com.sb/archives-573/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Solomon Football |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[2014–15 Solomon Islands S-League|2014-15]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Telekom S-League 2014/2015 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/competition/soccer/our-telekom-s-league-2014-2015/regular-season/4184/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-08 |title=Positive start for Kakamora and Hana |url=https://www.oceaniafootball.com/archives-14937/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Oceania Football Confederation |language=en-US}}</ref> editions of the league. Since their last 4th-place finish, the team has served as a perennial bottom-feeder in Solomon football, finishing in the bottom four places of the table each season; the lone exception being a 5th-place finish in [[2021 Solomon Islands S-League|2021]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telekom S-League 2021 :: Solomon Islands :: Edition profile :: playmakerstats.com |url=https://www.playmakerstats.com/edition.php?id=162397 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.playmakerstats.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Real Kakamora finished 0-0-22 in the [[2023 Solomon Islands S-League|2023]] season, conceding an average of 5.27 goals per match<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Solomon Islands - Real Kakamora FC - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway |url=https://us.soccerway.com/teams/solomon-islands/real-kakamora-fc/18446/statistics/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=us.soccerway.com}}</ref> and with a goal difference of -102 despite playing in only 22 matches. Their season ended with a 14-0 loss to [[Solomon Warriors F.C.|Solomon Warriors]], with striker [[Tigi Molea]] tallying 10 goals in the match to clinch the league title for Warriors, the 2nd-highest total in league history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telekom S-League table, schedule & stats {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/tournament/football/solomon-islands/telekom-s-league/16439#id:50581 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.sofascore.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Kakamora FC 0-14 Solomon Warriors {{!}} Solomon Islands S-League {{!}} 01 Oct 2023 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/3vP3FjWZWUCKJ1OGGdOGXQ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=FIFA}}</ref>

In 2024, Real Kakamora got their first victory in 2 years against [[Marist F.C.|Marist FC]], the players who scored were Paul Francis, [[Kieran Israel]], [[V. Luiga]] and [[Michael Lalo]]. But the next Match, They won 2 - 0 against [[Kossa F.C.|Kossa FC]], starting a 2 Match winstreak, The First one since [[2021 Solomon Islands S-League|2021]].

Also, in 2024, Real Kakamora entered in the world of [[Video game|videogames]], appearing in the videogames named '[[Ghost: The 7 Kingdoms]]' by [[Skur Developer]], being the first real [[Football team|football club]] in the game.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Football clubs in the Solomon Islands]]
[[Category:Honiara]]

Mount Allison Mounties

2024-10-05T14:28:38Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Infobox college athletics
| name = Mount Allison Mounties
| logo = MountAllisonMounties.jpg
| logo_width = 200px
| university = [[Mount Allison University]]
| association = U Sports
| conference = [[Atlantic University Sport]]
| director =
| location = [[Sackville, New Brunswick|Sackville]], [[New Brunswick]]
| teams =
| stadium = Alumni Field
| arena = Tantramar Veterans Memorial Civic Centre
| othersite label =
| othersite =
| arena2 =
| mascot = Duck
| nickname =
| fightsong =
| colour1 = Garnet
| hex1 = 660000
| colour2 = Gold
| hex2 = CFB53B
| colour3 =
| hex3 =
| pageurl = http://mountiepride.ca/
}}

The '''Mount Allison Mounties''' are the varsity athletic teams that represent [[Mount Allison University]] in [[Sackville, New Brunswick]], Canada.

The Mounties sports teams play their matches at Alumni Field which seats 2,500.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/north_america/countries/canada/new_brunswick.shtml |title=World Stadiums - Stadiums in Canada :: New Brunswick |access-date=2006-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111145824/http://www.worldstadiums.com/north_america/countries/canada/new_brunswick.shtml |archive-date=2006-11-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlanticuniversitysport.com/mens/football/stats/2007/SFXMTA~1.HTM |title=StFX vs Mount Allison (2007 Home Coming Game boxscore) |date=September 22, 2007 |publisher=Atlantic University Sport Football|url-status=dead |archive-date=July 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708235632/http://www.atlanticuniversitysport.com/mens/football/stats/2007/SFXMTA~1.HTM }} </ref>

==Athletics and recreations==
The Mount Allison University Athletics & Recreation is led by Pierre Arsenault. Arsenault came to Mount Allison from the New Brunswick Golf Association, where he served as executive director for seven years. Prior to this, Arsenault worked with Hockey Canada's Atlantic Centre of Excellence, the Saskatchewan Hockey Association, and with the University of Ottawa's Gee-Gees Varsity Hockey Team. He holds a Bachelor of Physical Education (concentration in sports administration) from the University of New Brunswick and a master's degree in sport administration from the University of Ottawa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mta.ca/news/news_display.php?id=2048 |title=Mount Allison announces new Director of Athletics and Recreation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609194552/http://www.mta.ca/news/news_display.php?id=2048 |archive-date=June 9, 2011|publisher=Mount Allison University }}</ref>

==Varsity teams==
Mount Allison Mounties teams compete in:
* [[Badminton]] (m/w)
* [[Basketball]] (m/w)
* [[Canadian football|Football]] (m)
* [[Ice hockey|Ice Hockey]] ([[Mount Allison Mounties women's ice hockey|w]])
* [[Association football|Soccer]] (m/w)
* [[swimming (sport)|Swimming]] (m/w)

==Club teams==
The Mount Allison Mounties also field club teams in:
* [[Curling]] (w)
* [[Cross country running|Cross country]] (mixed)
* [[Competitive Dance|Dance]] (mixed)
* [[Field Hockey]] (w)
* [[Field Lacrosse]] (m)
* [[Ringette]] (w)
* [[Rugby football|Rugby]] (m/w)
* [[Ultimate frisbee]] (mixed)

==Logo==
In 1977, [[Garney Henley]], a former Canadian Football League player with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, became Athletics Director at Mount Allison and changed the logo from the "Double-Winged" A to the famous "Flying A" which remained the Mounties' logo until 2011. The Flying A became synonymous with Mounties athletics, and was arguably the most recognizable aspect of the department and the university.

In 2011, the university's administration undertook a re-branding initiative that would be campus-wide, stretching into the athletics department as well. Adopting a new, more modern look became the goal, and thus the current logo with an "A" adorned with a flame/torch was born. Taken from the university's crest, the flame, which also forms a stylized "A", along with the slanted font spelling "MOUNTIES" below the logo became the new look for the Mounties. Along with a new partnership with popular brand UnderArmour, it introduced the Mounties to the 21st century, and spearheaded by Athletics Director Pierre Arsenault became the one identity among all of the Mounties' varsity sports teams.

During the 2012 AUS Women's Hockey Playoffs, a new movement emerged on the Social Media website Twitter, when it is believed the phrase #MountiePride was first used in a popular fashion. Since then, the movement has leaped to new heights, and is now considered to be a part of this new identity, and a trademark of the Mounties teams.

==Mounties football==
{{Main|Mount Allison Mounties football}}

The Mounties football program has been in operation since 1955. The team has made two appearances in the [[Vanier Cup]], first in [[20th Vanier Cup|1984]], and then in [[27th Vanier Cup|1991]]. The team has won six [[Jewett Trophy]] conference championships in their 14 appearances,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atlanticuniversitysport.com/sports/fball/records/pastchamps |title=Atlantic University Sport Football Past Champions |publisher= [[Atlantic University Sport]] |access-date=April 19, 2020}}</ref> most recently during the team's undefeated [[2014 CIS football season |2014 season]]. The program has also featured a [[Hec Crighton Trophy]] winner, [[Éric Lapointe (Canadian football)|Éric Lapointe]], who won the award twice and was elected into the [[Canadian Football Hall of Fame]] based on his university career with the Mounties.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/cfl/allen-heads-2012-cfl-hall-of-fame-inductees-1.996985 |title=Allen heads 2012 CFL Hall of Fame inductees |publisher= [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=October 16, 2011 |access-date=April 19, 2020}}</ref>

==Athletes of the Year==
''This is an incomplete list''
{|class="wikitable" width="50%"
|- align="center" style=" background:#E31837;color:#FFFFFF;"
| '''Year''' || '''Female Athlete''' || '''Sport''' || '''Male Athlete''' || '''Sport'''
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|2014-15 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mta.ca/Community/News/2015/March_2015/Mount_Allison_honours_top_athletes/|title=Mount Allison honours top athletes|website=mta.ca|date=March 27, 2015|access-date=2021-04-18|language=en}}</ref>|| Gillian Tetlow ||Badminton || Brandon Leyh ||Football
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|2015-16 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mta.ca/Community/News/2016/April/Mount_Allison_honours_top_student_athletes_at_Night_of_the_Mounties/|title=Mount Allison honours top student athletes at Night of the Mounties|website=mta.ca|date=April 1, 2016|access-date=2021-04-18|language=en}}</ref> ||Allison Loewen||Swimming||Te Nguyen ||Football
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|2016-17 <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mta.ca/Community/News/2017/March/Top_student-athletes_honoured_at_annual_Night_of_the_Mounties/ |title=Top student-athletes honoured at annual Night of the Mounties|website=mta.ca|date=2017-03-31|access-date=2021-06-15|language=en}}</ref>|| Kiersten Mangold || Basketball || Jakob Loucks ||Football
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|2017-18<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mountiepride.ca/sports/general/releases/awards_night_17-18|title=Mount Allison honours top student-athletes at annual Night of the Mounties|website=mta.ca|access-date=2021-04-18|language=en}}</ref>|| Kiersten Mangold ||Basketball||Geraint Berger||Swimming
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|2018-19<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mountiepride.ca/sports/general/releases/awards_night_18-19|title=Mount Allison honours top student-athletes at annual Night of the Mounties|website=mountiepride.ca|access-date=2021-06-18|language=en}}</ref>|| Rachel McDougall||Volleyball || Nate Rostek||Football
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|2019-20<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mta.ca/Community/News/2020/April/Mount_Allison_honours_top_student-athletes/|title=Mount Allison honours top student-athletes|website=mta.ca|date=2020-04-09|access-date=2021-04-18|language=en}}</ref> || Rachel McDougall || Volleyball || Noah Mascoll-Gomes || Swimming
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}

==See also==
* [[U Sports]]

== References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.mountiepride.ca/landing/index Home of the Mount Allison Mounties]
{{Mount Allison University|state=autocollapse}}
{{New Brunswick Sports}}
{{Atlantic University Sport}}
{{U Sports women's ice hockey}}
{{U Sports soccer}}

[[Category:U Sports teams]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams in New Brunswick]]
[[Category:Mount Allison University]]

List of stadiums by capacity

2024-10-05T14:15:16Z

Hcoder3104: Undid revision 1249392749 by 69.226.228.209 (talk) vandalism

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Update|date=March 2023}}

The following is a list of notable sports [[stadium]]s, ordered by their [[seating capacity|capacity]], which refers to the maximum number of spectators they can normally accommodate.

==List criteria notes==
* The capacity figures are standard, permanent total capacity, including both seating and any permanent standing areas, but excluding any temporary accommodation.
* Incidental record attendance is ''not'' considered relevant. Only regular capacity counts; for attendance records, see [[List of sporting venues with a highest attendance of 100,000 or more]].
* Only stadiums with a capacity of 40,000 or more are included in this list.
* Stadiums that are defunct or closed, or those that no longer serve as competitive sports venues (such as [[Great Strahov Stadium]], which was the largest in the world and held around 250,000 spectators), are not included. They are listed under [[List of closed stadiums by capacity]].
* An asterisk (*) indicates that the team plays only some (few) of its home matches at the venue, and may have another (primary) home ground.
* For purposes of this list, race tracks (such as the [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] and the [[Tokyo Racecourse]]) are not [[stadium]]s, and are not included here. For a list of all sports venues by capacity, see [[List of sports venues by capacity]].
* Capacities are taken whenever possible from the figure stated on the official website of the stadium, its tenants, or a sports event it has hosted.

==List==
=== Capacity of 100,000 or more ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
!Image
|-
|[[Narendra Modi Stadium]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-24|title=Motera cricket stadium inaugurated by President, renamed as Narendra Modi Stadium|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/motera-renamed-narendra-modi-stadium-7202589/|access-date=2021-02-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>||132,000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Narendra Modi Stadium|url=https://gujaratcricketassociation.com/narendra-modi-stadium/|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Narendra Modi Stadium|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Narendra Modi Stadium {{!}} India {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57851.html|access-date=2021-07-08|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>||[[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]||{{Flag|India}}|| [[South Asia]]||[[India national cricket team]], [[India women's national cricket team]], [[Gujarat Titans]], [[Gujarat cricket team]]||[[Cricket]]
|[[File:Narendra modi stadium 2023 Final between India and Australia.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Rungrado 1st of May Stadium]]||nowrap|114,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rungrado May Day Stadium – StadiumDB.com |url=https://stadiumdb.com/stadiums/pkr/rungrado_may_day_stadium |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=stadiumdb.com}}</ref>||[[Pyongyang]]||{{Flag|North Korea}}|| [[East Asia]] ||[[North Korea national football team]]*||[[Association football|Football]], [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], [[mass games]]
|[[File:Views from Yanggakdo International Hotel 10.JPG|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Michigan Stadium]]||107,601<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitannarbor.org/play/michigan-stadium-the-big-house|title = University of Michigan Stadium | Ann Arbor}}</ref>||[[Ann Arbor, Michigan]]||nowrap|{{Flag|United States}}||nowrap|[[North America]]||[[Michigan Wolverines football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Michigan Stadium - Michigan vs. Iowa 11-17-2012.JPG|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Beaver Stadium]]||106,572<ref>[https://gopsusports.com/sports/2018/8/8/facilities-beaver-stadium-html.aspx Penn State University Official Athletic Site – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126205433/http://www.gopsusports.com/facilities/beaver-stadium.html|date=26 November 2011}}. Gopsusports.com (17 September 1960). Retrieved on 2014-10-01.</ref>||nowrap|[[State College, Pennsylvania]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Penn State Nittany Lions football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Beaver Stadium Whiteout 2018 Pregame.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Ohio Stadium]]||102,780<ref>[https://ohiostatebuckeyes.com/sports/m-footbl/facilities/ohio-stadium/ Ohio State Buckeyes Official Athletic Site – Facilities]. Retrieved 23 October 2019.</ref>||[[Columbus, Ohio]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Ohio State Buckeyes football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Ohio Stadium Overhead.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Kyle Field]]||102,733<ref>{{cite web|date=1 November 2022|title=Texas A&M Facilities - Kyle Field|url=https://12thman.com/facilities/kyle-field}}</ref>||[[College Station, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Texas A&M Aggies football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Kyle Field Panorama.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Tiger Stadium (LSU)|Tiger Stadium]]||102,321<ref>[https://lsusports.net/facilities/tiger-stadium/]. www.lsusports.net. Retrieved on 2022-11-03.</ref>||[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[LSU Tigers football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Tiger Stadium South End Zone - New.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Neyland Stadium]]||101,915<ref>[https://utsports.com/facilities/neyland-stadium/54#:~:text=Renovation%20scope%20completed%20prior%20to,Neyland%20Stadium's%20capacity%20to%20101%2C915.&text=The%20introduction%20of%20new%20lower,largest%20among%20college%20football%20venues. Neyland Stadium]. utsports.com</ref>||[[Knoxville, Tennessee]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Tennessee Volunteers football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Neylandstadium.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium]]||100,119<ref>[https://texassports.com/sports/2013/7/24/facilities_0724133148.aspx] Official capacity</ref>||[[Austin, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Texas Longhorns football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Darrell K. Royal Memorial Stadium - panoramio.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Bryant–Denny Stadium]]||100,077<ref>{{cite news|last=Casagrande|first=Michael|date=2020-09-25|title=New Bryant-Denny Stadium capacity revealed after renovation|work=[[The Birmingham News|AL.com]]|url=https://www.al.com/alabamafootball/2020/09/new-bryant-denny-stadium-capacity-revealed-after-renovation.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927060951/https://www.al.com/alabamafootball/2020/09/new-bryant-denny-stadium-capacity-revealed-after-renovation.html|archive-date=2020-09-27}}</ref>||[[Tuscaloosa, Alabama]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Alabama Crimson Tide football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Bryant-Denny Stadium panoramic 2010-10-02.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Melbourne Cricket Ground]]||100,024<ref>[http://www.mcg.org.au/About%20the%20G/Background.aspx MCG Background]. www.mcg.org.au . Retrieved on 2013-10-15.</ref>||[[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||[[Oceania]]||[[Australia national cricket team]], [[Victoria cricket team]], [[Melbourne Cricket Club]], [[Melbourne Stars]], [[Melbourne Football Club]], [[Richmond Football Club]], [[Collingwood Football Club]], [[Hawthorn Football Club]] ||[[Cricket]], [[Australian rules football]]
|[[File:2017 AFL Grand Final panorama during national anthem.jpg|150x150px|]]
|}

=== Capacity of 90,000–100,000 ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
!Image
|-
|[[Camp Nou]]||99,354<ref>https://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/identity/card/club-in-figures {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212025947/http://arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/club/club_avui/informacio_corporativa/barca_enxifres/barca_enxifres.html|date=12 February 2012}} – fcbarcelona.com, 2014</ref>||[[Barcelona]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||[[Europe]]||[[FC Barcelona]] ||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Camp Nou Panoramic Interior View.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[FNB Stadium]]||94,736<ref>{{cite web|title=Soccer City – Official stadium info|url=http://www.safa.net/index.php?page=soccercity|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314135648/http://www.safa.net/index.php?page=soccercity|archive-date=March 14, 2012|access-date=June 14, 2012|publisher=[[South African Football Association|SAFA]]}}</ref>||[[Johannesburg]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||[[Africa]]||[[South Africa national soccer team]], [[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:FIFA World Cup 2010 Uruguay Ghana.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Misr Stadium]]||93,940||[[New Administrative Capital]]||{{Flag|Egypt}}||Africa||[[Egypt national football team]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:The New administrative stadium of Egypt.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Sanford Stadium]]||93,033<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dooley Field at Sanford Stadium|url=https://georgiadogs.com/sports/2023/7/11/facility-SanfordStadium|access-date=September 8, 2024|website=University of Georgia Athletics}}</ref>||[[Athens, Georgia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Georgia Bulldogs football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:SanfordNorthStandsPanorama.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Lusail Stadium]]||92,349<ref name="QA">{{cite book |title=AFC Asian Cup 2027 Bid Book: Bidding Nation Qatar |date=18 December 2020 |publisher=Qatar Football Association |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/migration/e/x/ext-ac2027-bid-book-qatar-combined--pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="FOX">{{cite web|title=FIFA breaks silence on World Cup stadium capacity furore|url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/world-cup/fifa-breaks-silence-on-world-cup-stadium-capacity-furore/news-story/6251d10d99602d1ab34940edb8120be4|access-date=27 November 2022|website=Ticket Compare|date=26 November 2022 }}</ref>||[[Lusail]]||{{Flag|Qatar}} || [[Western Asia]]||[[Qatar national football team]] ||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Lusail Stadium.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]]||92,100<ref>http://www.ketr.org/post/cotton-bowl-alive-and-well-and-living-dallas . ketr.org. Retrieved on 27 July 2018.</ref>||[[Dallas]], [[Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America|| ||[[American football]]
|[[File:2019 State Fair Classic 01 (Cotton Bowl).jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Wembley Stadium]]||90,000<ref name="AL23" />||[[London]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[England national football team]]||[[Association football]], [[rugby league]], [[American football]]
|[[File:"Wemberley.......Wemberley" - geograph.org.uk - 1770078.jpg|150x150px|]]
|}

=== Capacity of 80,000–90,000 ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
!Image
|-
|[[Ben Hill Griffin Stadium]]||88,548<ref>[http://www.gatorzone.com/facilities/?venue=swamp&sport=footb Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209040040/http://www.gatorzone.com/facilities/?venue=swamp&sport=footb|date=9 February 2010}}. GatorZone.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Gainesville, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Florida Gators football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:BenHillGriffinStadium.png|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]]||88,432<ref name="NH27" />||[[Pasadena, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[UCLA Bruins football]], [[Rose Bowl Game]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:2018.06.17 Over the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, CA USA 0029 (42855638731).jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Jordan-Hare Stadium|Jordan–Hare Stadium]]||88,043<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Ainslie |date=2023-08-24 |title=Auburn announces increased capacity, other stadium enhancements ahead of 2023 football season |url=https://www.al.com/auburnfootball/2023/08/auburn-announces-increased-capacity-other-stadium-enhancements-ahead-of-2023-football-season.html |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=al |language=en}}</ref>||[[Auburn, Alabama]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Auburn Tigers football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Jordan-Hare WestExt.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]]||87,411<ref>http://stadium.gov.my/2017/index.php/my/arena/kompleks-sukan-negara-bukit-jalil/stadium-nasional . stadium.gov.my. Retrieved on 2017-06-06.</ref>||[[Kuala Lumpur]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||[[Southeast Asia]]||[[Malaysia national football team]]||[[Association football]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
|
|-
|[[Memorial Stadium, Lincoln|Memorial Stadium]]||86,047<ref>{{cite web|date=24 May 2016|title=Passionate Parrella Proud Voice for Record Sellout Streak|url=http://www.huskers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=100&ATCLID=210973039|access-date=1 August 2016|publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln Department of Athletics}}</ref>||[[Lincoln, Nebraska]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Nebraska Cornhuskers football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:National Guard Memorial Stadium volleyball flyover.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Borg El Arab Stadium]]||86,000<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090926033806/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=5020891/index.html Egypt]. FIFA.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Alexandria]]||{{Flag|Egypt}}||Africa||[[Egypt national football team]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Borg el arab stadium.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Salt Lake Stadium]]||85,000<ref name="ll">{{cite book |title=AFC Asian Cup 2027 Bidding Nation India |date=28 December 2020 |publisher=All India Football Federation |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/migration/e/x/ext-afc-asian-cup-2027-bid-book-india--pdf |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>||[[Kolkata]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[India national football team]], [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant]], [[East Bengal FC]], [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]]||[[Association football]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
|[[File:Salt Lake Stadium during FIFA U17 World Cup 2017 ....jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Estadio Monumental (Buenos Aires)|Estadio Monumental]]||84,567<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentina: Mâs Monumental is officially the biggest stadium in South America |url=http://stadiumdb.com/news/2023/02/argentina_mas_monumental_is_officially_the_biggest_stadium_in_south_america |access-date=28 February 2023 |work=StadiumDB |date=25 February 2023}}</ref>||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{flag|Argentina}}||[[South America]]||[[Argentina national football team]], [[Club Atlético River Plate|River Plate]]||Association football
|[[File:Estadio Monumental.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Stadium Australia]]||83,500<ref>{{cite web|title=ANZ Stadium (Stadium Australia) - Austadiums|url=http://www.austadiums.com//stadiums/stadiums.php?id=121|website=www.austadiums.com}}</ref>||[[Sydney]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Australia national rugby union team|Wallabies]], [[New South Wales Waratahs]], [[New South Wales rugby league team|New South Wales Blues]], [[Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs]], [[South Sydney Rabbitohs]], [[Greater Western Sydney Giants|GWS Giants]], [[Australia men's national soccer team]], [[Australia women's national soccer team]], [[Sydney FC]] ||[[Rugby union]], [[Rugby league]], [[Australian rules football]], [[Soccer]]
|[[File:2022 NRLGF stadium.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Estadio Azteca]]||83,280<ref name="NH27" />||[[Mexico City]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[Club América]], [[Cruz Azul]], [[Mexico national football team]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Panorámica esquina noreste.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]]||83,186<ref>{{cite web|title=Estadio Santiago Bernabéu History - Real Madrid CF|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/history/santiago-bernabeu-stadium}}</ref>||[[Madrid]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Real Madrid C.F.]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Bernabéu después de la reforma.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[MetLife Stadium]]||82,500<ref>[http://www.newmeadowlandsstadium.com/3_your_stadium.php Your Stadium] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206131637/http://www.newmeadowlandsstadium.com/3_your_stadium.php|date=6 February 2011}}. newmeadowlandsstadium.com</ref>||[[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[New York Giants]], [[New York Jets]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:MetLife Stadium, Jets.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Croke Park]]||82,300<ref>[http://www.crokepark.ie/About/Facts---Figures Croke Park Facts & Figures] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206215559/http://www.crokepark.ie/about/facts---figures|date=6 February 2010}}. www.crokepark.ie</ref>||[[Dublin]]||{{Flag|Ireland}}||Europe||[[Gaelic Athletic Association]]||[[Gaelic football]], [[hurling]], [[camogie]]
|[[File:Croke Park from the Hill - 2004 All-Ireland Football Championship Final.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Jakarta International Stadium]]||82,000||[[Jakarta]]||{{Flag|Indonesia}} ||Southeast Asia|| [[Persija Jakarta]], [[Indonesia national football team]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Jakarta International Stadium from Toll road.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Twickenham Stadium]]||82,000<ref>[http://www.rfu.com/TwickenhamStadium Twickenham Stadium] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108005036/http://www.rfu.com/TwickenhamStadium|date=8 January 2014}}. Rfu.com (11 February 2009). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[London]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[England national rugby union team]]||[[Rugby union]]
|[[File:Stade de Twickenham à Londres.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]||81,500<ref>[http://clemsontigers.cstv.com/school-bio/facilities-football.html CLEMSON University Official Athletic Site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212321/http://clemsontigers.cstv.com/school-bio/facilities-football.html|date=8 July 2011}}. Clemsontigers.cstv.com (19 September 1942). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Clemson, South Carolina]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Clemson Tigers football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Clemson Memorial Stadium, football game vs. U of Louisville.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Lambeau Field]]||81,441<ref>[http://prod.static.packers.clubs.nfl.com/assets/docs/media-guide/2017-packers-media-guide.pdf Green Bay Packers Stadium – Lambeau Field]. NFL Football Stadiums (19 November 2006). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Green Bay Packers]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Packers vs Patriots.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Signal Iduna Park]]||81,365<ref>https://www.bundesliga.com/en/news/Bundesliga/borussia-dortmund-to-add-6-seats-to-signal-iduna-park-507331.jsp . Bundesliga. "Borussia Dortmund’s Signal Iduna Park expansion: Germany’s biggest stadium set to get bigger!"</ref>
|[[Dortmund]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Borussia Dortmund]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Signal iduna park stadium dortmund 4.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Stade de France]] ||81,338<ref>[http://stadiumdb.com/stadiums/fra/stade_de_france Stade de France]. stadiumdb.com. Retrieved on 2015-04-28.</ref>||[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]||{{Flag|France}}||Europe||[[France national football team]], [[France national rugby union team]]<ref>The France national rugby team plays Test matches at venues throughout the country, but exclusively uses Stade de France for its home matches in the [[Six Nations Championship]].</ref>*, [[Stade Français]]*, [[Racing 92]]*||[[Association football]], [[rugby union]]
|[[File:Stade de France France Croatie 03.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Luzhniki Stadium]]||81,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=810/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118045214/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/stadiums/stadium=810/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2015|title=Luzhniki Stadium|work=FIFA|access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref>||[[Moscow]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[Russia national football team]], [[FC Torpedo Moscow]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:LuzhnikiStadium.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Hangzhou Olympic Sports Expo Center|Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium]]||80,800<ref name="HANG" />||[[Hangzhou]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||[[Association football]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
|[[File:Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium2021.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Shah Alam Stadium]]||80,372<ref name="virtualmalaysia.com">{{cite web|title=Shah Alam Stadium|url=http://www.virtualmalaysia.com/destination/shah%20alam%20stadium.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615224612/http://www.virtualmalaysia.com/destination/shah%20alam%20stadium.html|archive-date=15 June 2012|access-date=2012-12-16|publisher=Virtual Malaysia}}</ref>||[[Shah Alam]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia|| ||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Shah Alam Stadium aerial view.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Camp Randall Stadium]]||80,321<ref>[http://www.uwbadgers.com/facilities/camp-randall.html The Official Web Site of The Wisconsin Badgers Athletics – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013053705/http://www.uwbadgers.com/facilities/camp-randall.html|date=13 October 2015}}. Uwbadgers.Com (3 November 1917). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Madison, Wisconsin]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Wisconsin Badgers football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Camp Randall Stadium (6948072565).jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium]]||80,126<ref>{{cite news |title=OU AD Joe Castiglione discusses seating capacity and future of Red River game in SEC |url=https://stormininnorman.com/2023/02/24/ou-ad-joe-castiglione-discusses-seating-capacity-and-future-of-red-river-game-in-sec/ |access-date=5 March 2023 |work=Minute Media |date=24 February 2023}}</ref>||[[Norman, Oklahoma]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Oklahoma Sooners football]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:OMU with 2016 extension.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Estadio Monumental "U"|Estadio Monumental]]||80,093||[[Lima]]||{{Flag|Peru}}||South America||[[Universitario de Deportes]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Estadio Monumental 2021.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[San Siro]]||80,018<ref>[http://www.sansiro.net/struttura.asp Stadio Giuseppe Meazza] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612094451/http://sansiro.net/struttura.asp|date=12 June 2010}}. San Siro. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Milan]]||{{Flag|Italy}}||Europe||[[AC Milan]], [[Inter Milan]], [[Italy national football team]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Stadio Meazza 2021 3.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Guangdong Olympic Stadium]]||80,012<ref>[http://www.chinese-architecture.info/CA/CA-013.htm Chinese Architecture- Guangdong Olympic Stadium]. Chinese-architecture.info. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||[[Association football]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
|[[File:Stade Olympique Guangdong.JPG|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[AT&T Stadium]]||80,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stadiumsofprofootball.com/stadiums/att-stadium/ | title=AT&T Stadium, Dallas Cowboys football stadium - Stadiums of Pro Football }}</ref>||[[Arlington, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Dallas Cowboys]], [[Cotton Bowl Classic|Cotton Bowl]]||[[American football]]
|[[File:Cowboys stadium inside view 4.JPG|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Beijing National Stadium]]||80,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Beijing National Stadium – Introduction|url=http://www.n-s.cn/en/generalinfo/introduction/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303121725/http://www.n-s.cn/en/generalinfo/introduction/|archive-date=3 March 2012|access-date=5 November 2020|website=N-s.cn}}</ref>||[[Beijing]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| [[China national football team]], [[China women's national football team]]||[[Association football]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
|[[File:Beijing National Stadium from the Central Axis (20220905140702) (cropped).jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Stade des Martyrs]] ||80,000||[[Kinshasa]]||{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || Africa||[[DR Congo national football team]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Stade des martyrs 0332 Kinshasa (8756673901).jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Stade Tata Raphaël]] ||80,000||[[Kinshasa]]||{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || Africa||[[Daring Club Motema Pembe]], [[AS Vita Club]]||[[Association football]]
|[[File:Stade Tata Raphaël lors d'un de l'AS V.CLUB.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Moi International Sports Centre]]||80,000<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ng.test-opera-news.ams.op-mobile.opera.com/ng/en/sports/323ff93f45e618f6ede9bd7e8f1d610f | title=Meet the Stadiums That Will Host 2027 AFCON in East Africa - Opera News }}</ref>||[[Nairobi]]||{{Flag|Kenya}}||Africa||[[Kenya national football team]] ||Association football
|[[File:Inside the Kasarani Stadium.jpg|150x150px|]]
|-
|[[Japan National Stadium]]||80,000<ref>https://www.japan-experience.com/city-tokyo/new-national-stadium-tokyo . The New National Stadium in Tokyo.</ref>||[[Tokyo]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Japan national football team]], [[Japan national rugby union team]]||[[Association football]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]], [[Rugby union]]
|[[File:New national stadium tokyo 1.jpg|150x150px|]]
|}

=== Capacity of 70,000–80,000 ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
|-
|[[Doak Campbell Stadium]]||79,560<ref>[http://www.seminoles.com/facilities/fsu-trads-fac-campbell.html Florida State University Official Athletic Site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724055805/http://www.seminoles.com/facilities/fsu-trads-fac-campbell.html|date=24 July 2014}}. Seminoles.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Tallahassee, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America ||[[Florida State Seminoles football]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Azadi Stadium]]|| 78,116<ref name="FF27">{{cite book |title=AFC Asian Cup 2027 Bid Book: Islamic Republic of Iran |date=28 December 2020 |publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Football Federation |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/asian-cup/AC-2027-BID-BOOK-IR-IRAN.pdf |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>||[[Tehran]]||{{flag|Iran}}||Western Asia||[[Iran national football team]], [[Persepolis F.C.|Persepolis]], [[Esteghlal F.C.|Esteghlal]]||Association football
|-
|[[Notre Dame Stadium]]||77,622<ref>{{cite web | last=Wasielewski | first=Alan | title=The 500th Game In Notre Dame Stadium… By The Numbers | website=Notre Dame Fighting Irish - Official Athletics Website | date=17 November 2023 | url=https://fightingirish.com/the-500th-game-in-notre-dame-stadium-by-the-numbers/ | access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref>||[[Notre Dame, Indiana]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Atatürk Olympic Stadium]]||77,563<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=394&stadID=110 |title=Stat Arama Detay TFF |access-date=2012-04-23 |archive-date=2019-01-31 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190131175826/http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=394&stadID=110 |url-status=live }}</ref>||[[Istanbul]]||{{flag|Turkey}}||Europe||[[Turkey national football team]], [[Fatih Karagümrük S.K.|Fatih Karagümrük]]||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Williams-Brice Stadium]]||77,559<ref>[http://gamecocksonline.cstv.com/facilities/scar-facilities-wb-stadium.html SOUTH CAROLINA GAMECOCKS – University Official Athletic Site – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107053043/http://gamecocksonline.cstv.com/facilities/scar-facilities-wb-stadium.html|date=7 January 2010}}. Gamecocksonline.cstv.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Columbia, South Carolina]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[South Carolina Gamecocks football]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]]||77,500<ref>[http://www.usctrojans.com/facilities/usc-memorial-coliseum.html University of Southern California Official Athletic Site – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302205334/http://www.usctrojans.com/facilities/usc-memorial-coliseum.html|date=2 March 2010}}. USCTrojans.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Los Angeles]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[USC Trojans football]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]]||77,193<ref>{{cite web|title=E-Booking Stadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno|url=https://reservation.gbk.id/venue/id_stadion-utama-gelora-bung-karno|access-date=3 October 2018|website=gbk.id}}</ref>||[[Jakarta]]||{{flag|Indonesia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Indonesia national football team]]||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Arrowhead Stadium]]||76,640<ref name="NH27" />||[[Kansas City, Missouri]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Kansas City Chiefs]] ||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium]]||76,212<ref>[http://arkansasrazorbacks.com/dwrrs-original/questions.html Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium -- Trustee Questions]. Arkansasrazorbacks.com. Retrieved on 2018-07-29.</ref>||[[Fayetteville, Arkansas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Arkansas Razorbacks football]]<ref name="Razorbacks">Razorback Stadium is the primary home of Arkansas football. Beginning in 2014, the Razorbacks play only one home game per year at War Memorial Stadium.</ref> ||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Empower Field at Mile High]]||76,125<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090706205009/http://www.invescofieldatmilehigh.com/stadium_info/intro INVESCO Field at Mile High]. INVESCO Field at Mile High. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Denver]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Denver Broncos]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Old Trafford]]||75,639<ref>[http://www.manutd.com/default.sps?pagegid={6DDFCB6E-3471-4E45-9385-F04D05F4A70D}&newsid=6643052 Manchester United Official Web Site]. Manutd.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Manchester]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Manchester United F.C.]] ||Association football, [[rugby league]]
|-
|[[Allianz Arena]]||75,024||[[Munich]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]||Association football
|-
|[[Spartan Stadium (East Lansing)|Spartan Stadium]]||75,005<ref>[http://www.msuspartans.com/facilities/spartan-stadium.html Michigan State Official Athletic Site – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212192844/http://www.msuspartans.com/facilities/spartan-stadium.html|date=12 February 2010}}. Msuspartans.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[East Lansing, Michigan]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Michigan State Spartans football]] ||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Mercedes-Benz Stadium]] ||75,000 ||[[Atlanta]] ||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Atlanta Falcons]], [[Atlanta United FC]] ||[[American football]], association football
|-
|[[Cairo International Stadium]]||75,000<ref>{{cite news |title=Cairo, Ismailia and Alexandria ready to host TotalEnergies U20 AFCON Egypt |url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2023/news/cairo-ismailia-and-alexandria-ready-to-host-u20-afcon-egypt |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=CAF}}</ref>||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}}||Africa||[[Egypt national football team]], [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]], [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]||Association football
|-
|[[Naghsh-e Jahan Stadium]]||75,000<ref name="FF27"/>||[[Isfahan]]||{{flag|Iran}}||Western Asia||[[Sepahan S.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Millennium Stadium]]||74,500<ref>[http://www.millenniumstadium.com/information/facts_and_figures.php Information : About the Venue : Facts & Figures] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608154948/http://www.millenniumstadium.com/information/facts_and_figures.php|date=8 June 2011}}. Millennium Stadium (12 May 2009). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Cardiff]]||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Wales national rugby union team]]||[[Rugby union]], association football
|-
|[[Olympic Stadium (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]]||74,228<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002153910/http://www.olympiastadion-berlin.de/index.php?id=182&L=1%2F%2Fasse%20%E2%80%A6%2F%2Freflect%2Fsnippet.reflect.php%3Freflect_base%3D Wir haben Ihre Weihnachts(t)räume: Olympiastadion Berlin] . Olympiastadion-berlin.de. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Berlin]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Hertha BSC]]||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Highmark Stadium (New York)|Highmark Stadium]]||73,967<ref>[http://www.nflfootballstadiums.com/Ralphwilson.htm Buffalo Bills Stadium – Ralph Wilson Stadium]. NFL Football Stadiums. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Orchard Park (town), New York|Orchard Park, New York]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Buffalo Bills]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Bank of America Stadium]]||73,298<ref>[http://www.nflfootballstadiums.com/Bank-of-America.htm Carolina Panthers Stadium – Bank of America Stadium]. NFL Football Stadiums. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Charlotte, North Carolina]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Carolina Panthers]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Caesars Superdome]]||73,208<ref>[http://www.questfor31.com/Louisiana-Superdome.htm NFL Football Stadiums – New Orleans Saints Stadium – Louisiana Superdome]. Questfor31.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[New Orleans]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[New Orleans Saints]] ||[[American football]], association football, baseball
|-
|[[Cleveland Browns Stadium]]||73,200<ref>[http://www.nflfootballstadiums.com/ClevelandBrowns.htm Cleveland Browns – Cleveland Browns Stadium]. NFL Football Stadiums. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Cleveland]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Cleveland Browns]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Maracanã Stadium]]||73,139<ref name="Bid27Bra">{{cite book |title=The Brazilian Bid for the FIFA Women's World Cup 2027 |date=8 December 2023 |publisher=FIFA |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/7dad0d3009710ee7/original/The-Brazilian-Bid-Book-FIFA-Women-s-World-Cup-2027.pdf |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref>||[[Rio de Janeiro]]||{{flag|Brazil}}||South America|| [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]], [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]], [[Brazil national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)|Nissan Stadium]]||72,327<ref>[http://www.nissan-stadium.jp/english/site.php#01 Nissan Stadium]. Nissan-stadium.jp (30 June 2002). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Yokohama]]||{{flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Yokohama F. Marinos]]||Association football
|-
|[[NRG Stadium]]||72,220<ref name="NH27" />||[[Houston]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Houston Texans]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Olympic Stadium (Athens)|Athens Olympic Stadium]]||72,080<ref>https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0279-161fb68b3ca5-f10bf774dc62-1000/top-division_clubs_in_europe_2022-23.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>||[[Athens]]||{{flag|Greece}}||Europe|| || Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Legion Field]]||72,000<ref>[http://uabsports.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/albr/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010-footbl-quick-facts UAB Official Athletic Site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904144814/http://uabsports.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/albr/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010-footbl-quick-facts|date=4 September 2010}}. Uabsports.cstv.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Birmingham, Alabama]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[UAB Blazers football]] ||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Shanghai Stadium]] ||72,000||[[Shanghai]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Shanghai Shenhua F.C.|Shanghai Shenhua]]||Association football
|-
|[[M&T Bank Stadium]]||71,008<ref>[http://www.baltimoreravens.com/Gameday/MT_Bank_Stadium.aspx Gameday | M&T Bank Stadium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820001820/http://www.baltimoreravens.com/Gameday/MT_Bank_Stadium.aspx|date=20 August 2010}}. Baltimore Ravens. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Baltimore]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Baltimore Ravens]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Levi's Stadium]]||70,909<ref name="NH27" />||[[Santa Clara, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[San Francisco 49ers]]||American football
|-
|[[Al Bayt Stadium]]||70,736<ref name="QA"/><ref name="FOX"/>||[[Al Khor (city)|Al Khor]]||{{Flag|Qatar}} ||Western Asia||[[Qatar national football team]], [[Al-Khor SC]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Stadio Olimpico]]||70,634<ref>{{cite web|title=Stadi Serie A 2015-2016|url=http://www.osservatoriosport.interno.gov.it/allegati/stadi_serie_a.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901114629/http://www.osservatoriosport.interno.gov.it/allegati/stadi_serie_a.pdf|archive-date=1 September 2015}}</ref>||[[Rome]]||{{flag|Italy}}||Europe||[[Italy national rugby union team]], [[AS Roma]], [[SS Lazio]]||Rugby union, Association football
|-
|[[Metropolitano Stadium]]||70,460||[[Madrid]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Atlético Madrid]]||Association football
|-
|[[SoFi Stadium]]||70,240||[[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]]||{{flagu|United States}}||North America||[[Los Angeles Rams]], [[Los Angeles Chargers]], hosts [[LA Bowl]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Husky Stadium]]||70,138<ref>[http://www.gohuskies.com/facilities/husky-stadium.html University of Washington Official Athletics Site – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511015022/http://www.gohuskies.com/facilities/husky-stadium.html|date=11 May 2013}}. Gohuskies.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Seattle]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Washington Huskies football]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex]]||70,050<ref name="AL23" />||[[Kyiv]]||{{flag|Ukraine}}||Europe|| [[FC Dynamo Kyiv|Dynamo Kyiv]]||Association football, Athletics
|}

=== Capacity of 60,000–70,000 ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
|-
|[[Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha]]||69,910<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Brasília]]||{{flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Sociedade Esportiva do Gama]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Lincoln Financial Field]]||69,328<ref name="NH27" />||[[Philadelphia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Philadelphia Eagles]], [[Temple Owls football]]||American football
|-
|[[Kinnick Stadium]]||69,250<ref>{{cite web|title=Venue Information|url=https://hawkeyesports.com/kinnick-stadium/|date=30 April 2020|access-date=25 November 2023|publisher=Hawkeye Sports}}</ref>||[[Iowa City, Iowa]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Iowa Hawkeyes football]]||American football
|-
|[[Nissan Stadium]]||69,143<ref>{{cite web|last=Peters|first=Craig|url=http://www.titansonline.com/news/article-1/Titans-1-1-to-Host-Broncos-1-1-Sunday-at-LP-Field/45625fe2-462a-41d7-8000-f6656655fc6c|title=Titans (1–1) to Host Broncos (1–1) Sunday at LP Field|publisher=Titansonline.com|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024190421/http://www.titansonline.com/news/article-1/Titans-1-1-to-Host-Broncos-1-1-Sunday-at-LP-Field/45625fe2-462a-41d7-8000-f6656655fc6c|archive-date=24 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>||[[Nashville, Tennessee]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Tennessee Titans]], [[Tennessee State University|Tennessee State Tigers football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Lumen Field]]||69,000<ref name="NH27" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Venue Information|url=http://www.centurylinkfield.com/venue-information/|access-date=2 August 2019|publisher=CenturyLink Field}}</ref>||[[Seattle]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Seattle Seahawks]], [[Seattle Sounders FC]], [[Seattle Sea Dragons]]. [[Seattle Reign FC|Seattle Reign]]||American football, association football
|-
|[[Seoul Olympic Stadium]]||68,900||[[Seoul]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[South Korea national football team]]||Athletics, association football
|-
|[[Baku Olympic Stadium]] ||68,700<ref>{{cite web|last=Stadium|first=Baky Olympic|title=Stadium • BOS|url=http://bos.az/en/stadium/|website=bos.az}}</ref>||[[Baku]] || {{flag|Azerbaijan}} ||Western Asia||[[Azerbaijan national football team]] ||Association football, [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]
|-
|[[Acrisure Stadium]]||68,400<ref>{{cite web|title=Heinz Field Stadium Information - facts about the home of the Steelers|url=http://heinzfield.com/stadium/heinz-field-facts/|website=heinzfield.com}}</ref>||[[Pittsburgh]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Pittsburgh Steelers]], [[Pittsburgh Panthers football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Krestovsky Stadium]]||68,134||[[Saint Petersburg]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[FC Zenit Saint Petersburg]]||Association football
|-
|[[London Stadium]]||68,013<ref>{{cite web | title=West Ham Concession Agreement - Third Deed of Variation | url=https://www.queenelizabetholympicpark.co.uk/sites/default/files/attachments/WHU%20CA%2020211222%20Third%20Deed%20of%20Variaton_Signed%20and%20dated%20v1_Redacted.pdf |publisher=Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park |date=22 December 2021 | access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>||London||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[West Ham United F.C.]], [[UK Athletics|British Athletics]]||Athletics, Association football, [[Baseball]], [[cricket]], [[rugby union]], [[rugby league]]
|-
|[[Eden Gardens]]||68,000<ref name=":23C">{{cite web |title=ICC Men's Cricket World Cup 2023 - Media Guide |url=https://resources.pulse.icc-cricket.com/ICC/document/2023/11/03/278e3b3a-d6cb-4511-b7df-75fc1428f096/ICC-Men-s-Cricket-World-Cup-2023-Media-Guide-v7.pdf |publisher=ICC |access-date=19 November 2023}}</ref>||[[Kolkata]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Indian national cricket team]], [[Bengal cricket team]], [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]*||[[Cricket]]
|-
|[[Workers' Stadium]]||68,000||[[Beijing]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Beijing Guoan F.C.|Beijing Guoan]], [[China national football team]] ||[[Association football]]
|-
|[[EverBank Stadium]]||67,814<ref>https://res.cloudinary.com/nflclubs/image/upload/jaguars/gqxo6ccns2ffzzsweydt.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref> ||[[Jacksonville, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]||[[American football]]
|-
|[[Hard Rock Stadium]]||67,518<ref name="NH27" />||[[Miami Gardens, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Miami Dolphins]], [[Miami Hurricanes football]]||American football, baseball
|-
|[[Stade Vélodrome]]||67,344||[[Marseille]]||{{Flag|France}}||Europe|| [[Olympique de Marseille]], [[RC Toulonnais|RC Toulon]]* ||Association football, [[rugby union]]
|-
|[[Puskás Aréna]]||67,215||[[Budapest]]||{{Flag|Hungary}}||Europe||[[Hungary national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Murrayfield Stadium]]||67,144||[[Edinburgh]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Scotland national rugby union team]]*<ref>Scotland play all of their [[Six Nations Championship]] home matches and all Tests against visiting top-level Southern Hemisphere teams (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina) at Murrayfield. However, they will take matches with lower-tier nations to other stadiums around the country.</ref> ||[[Rugby union]]
|-
|[[Estádio do Morumbi|Morumbi Stadium]]||67,052<ref>{{cite web|title=São Paulo Futebol Clube|url=http://www.saopaulofc.net/estrutura/morumbi/sobre-o-morumbi/}} Retrieved 2014-09-14</ref>||[[São Paulo]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[São Paulo FC]]||Association football
|-
|[[The Dome at America's Center]]||66,965||[[St. Louis]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[St. Louis BattleHawks]]||American football
|-
|[[Yadegar-e Emam Stadium (Tabriz)|Yadegar-e Emam Stadium]]||66,833<ref name="FF27"/>||[[Tabriz]]||{{Flag|Iran}}||Western Asia|| [[Tractor S.C.|Tractor Sazi]] || Association football
|-
|[[Seoul World Cup Stadium]]||66,806||[[Seoul]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[South Korea national football team]], [[FC Seoul]]||Association football
|-
|[[Mineirão]]||66,658<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Belo Horizonte]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube]]||Association football
|-
|[[U.S. Bank Stadium]]||66,655||[[Minneapolis]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Minnesota Vikings]]||American football
|-
|[[Daegu Stadium]]||66,422||[[Daegu]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[Daegu FC]]||Athletics, association football
|-
|[[Lane Stadium]]||66,233||[[Blacksburg, Virginia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Virginia Tech Hokies football]]||American football
|-
|[[Raymond James Stadium]]||65,847||[[Tampa, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]], [[South Florida Bulls football]], [[Tampa Bay Vipers]] ||American football
|-
|[[Paycor Stadium]]||65,515||[[Cincinnati]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Cincinnati Bengals]]||American football
|-
|[[Camping World Stadium]]||65,438<ref>[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2010/03/08/notre-dame-out-of-neutral-site-game-at-citrus-bowl-in-2011/ Notre Dame out of neutral-site game at Citrus Bowl in 2011], ''Orlando Sentinel''. Articles.orlandosentinel.com (8 March 2010). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Orlando, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||Multiple college football bowl games ||American football, association football
|-
|[[Ibn Batouta Stadium]]||65,000<ref>{{cite web |title=FIFA Club World Cup️ third-place match to be held in Tangier |url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation/media-releases/fifa-club-world-cup-tm-third-place-match-to-be-held-in-tangier |publisher=FIFA |access-date=12 May 2023 |date=9 February 2023}}</ref>||[[Tangier]]||{{Flag|Morocco}}||Africa||[[IR Tanger]], [[Morocco national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Allegiant Stadium]]||65,000||[[Las Vegas]]||{{flagu|United States}}||North America||[[Las Vegas Raiders]], [[UNLV Rebels football]], hosts [[Las Vegas Bowl]]||American football
|-
|[[Mogadishu Stadium]]||65,000||[[Mogadishu]]||{{Flag|Somalia}}||Africa||[[Somalia national football team]], [[Elman FC]] and other local teams ||Association football
|-
|[[Basra International Stadium]]||65,000||[[Basra]]||{{Flag|Iraq}}||Western Asia||[[Iraq national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Kamuzu Stadium]]||65,000||[[Blantyre]]||{{Flag|Malawi}}||Africa||[[Malawi national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Alamodome]]||65,000||[[San Antonio]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[UTSA Roadrunners football]] [[San Antonio Brahmas]]||American football, baseball
|-
|[[Ford Field]]||65,000||[[Detroit]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Detroit Lions]] ||American football
|-
|[[Hammadi Agrebi Stadium]]||65,000||[[Radès]]||{{Flag|Tunisia}}||Africa||[[Tunisia national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Tripoli Stadium]]||65,000||[[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]||{{Flag|Libya}}||Africa||[[Libya national football team]], [[Al Ahli SC (Tripoli)|Al-Ahly]], [[Al-Ittihad Club (Tripoli)|Al-Ittihad]], [[Al-Madina SC|Al Madina]]||Association football
|-
|[[King Abdullah Sports City]]||65,000<ref name="SA27"/>||[[Jeddah]]||{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}||Western Asia||[[Saudi Arabia national football team]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio da Luz]]||64,642||[[Lisbon]]||{{Flag|Portugal}}||Europe||[[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Gillette Stadium]]||64,628<ref>{{cite web|title=Stadium Overview - Gillette Stadium|url=https://www.gillettestadium.com/overview-venue/|access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref>||[[Foxborough, Massachusetts]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[New England Patriots]], [[New England Revolution]], [[UMass Minutemen football]]* ||American football, association football
|-
|[[Stade du 5 Juillet]]||64,200<ref>{{cite web | title=Et si on parle du stade du 5 juillet… son histoire mérite d'être racontée | website=Ligue Nationale du Football Amateur | date=24 January 2023 | url=https://lnfa.dz/2023/01/24/et-si-on-parle-du-stade-du-5-juillet-son-histoire-merite-detre-racontee/ | language=fr | access-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>||[[Algiers]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||Africa||[[MC Alger]]||[[Association football]]
|-
|[[Vaught–Hemingway Stadium]]||64,038||[[Oxford, Mississippi]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Ole Miss Rebels football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Saitama Stadium 2002]]||63,700||[[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Urawa Red Diamonds]]||Association football
|-
|[[Dalian Barracuda Bay Football Stadium]]||63,671||[[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Dalian Professional F.C.]], [[China national football team]]*|| Association football
|-
|[[LaVell Edwards Stadium]]||63,470<ref>{{cite news |title=BYU football: Season ticket renewal process frustrating for many fans |url=https://www.deseret.com/2023/5/12/23698282/byu-football-season-ticket-holders-react-to-changes-tom-holmoe-letter |access-date=20 May 2023 |work=Deseret News |date=5 May 2023}}</ref>||[[Provo, Utah]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[BYU Cougars football|Brigham Young University Cougars football]] ||American football
|-
|[[State Farm Stadium]]||63,400||[[Glendale, Arizona]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Arizona Cardinals]] ||American football
|-
|[[California Memorial Stadium]]||63,186<ref>{{cite web|title=Memorial Stadium Facts at a Glance|url=http://www.calbears.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/082512aad.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521072916/http://www.calbears.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/082512aad.html|archive-date=21 May 2013|access-date=6 May 2013|publisher=University of California}}</ref> ||[[Berkeley, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[California Golden Bears football]]||American football
|-
|[[Estadio Olímpico Universitario]]||63,186<ref>[http://www.fussballtempel.net/concacaf/MEX.html Stadiums in Mexico]. Fussballtempel.net. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Mexico City]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[Club Universidad Nacional]], [[Pumas CU]] ||Association football, American football
|-
|[[Olympic Stadium (Munich)|Olympiastadion]]||63,118<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympiapark.de/en/olympic-park/event-locations/olympic-stadium/ |title=Olympiapark München |publisher=Olympiapark.de |access-date=2023-03-06}}</ref>||[[Munich]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum]]||63,026||[[Oakland, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Oakland Athletics]]||Baseball
|-
|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]||62,980||[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[North Carolina Tar Heels football]]||American football
|-
|[[Tottenham Hotspur Stadium]]||62,850<ref name="furtherexpansion">{{cite news|date=5 March 2018|title=Spurs stadium capacity increased to 62,062|publisher=Sky Sports|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/11277777/tottenhams-new-stadium-capacity-increased-to-62062|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref>||London||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Ellis Park Stadium]]||62,567||[[Johannesburg]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa||[[Golden Lions]], [[Lions (Super Rugby)|Lions]], [[Orlando Pirates F.C.]] ||[[Rugby union]], association football
|-
|[[Ross–Ade Stadium]]||62,500||[[West Lafayette, Indiana]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Purdue Boilermakers football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Lucas Oil Stadium]] || 62,421<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucas Oil Stadium again ranked best NFL venue |url=https://www.colts.com/news/lucas-oil-stadium-again-ranked-best-nfl-venue-8475363 |publisher=Colts |date=5 October 2012}}</ref> || [[Indianapolis]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Indianapolis Colts]], [[Indy Eleven]], occasional NCAA men's basketball events ||American football, association football, basketball
|-
|[[Veltins-Arena]]||62,271||[[Gelsenkirchen]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[FC Schalke 04]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Commanders Field]]||62,000<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Paras |first1=Matthew |title=Commanders reduce FedEx Field capacity again |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/sep/22/commanders-reduce-fedex-field-capacity-again/ |access-date=18 May 2023 |newspaper= [[The Washington Times]] |date=22 September 2022}}</ref>||[[Landover, Maryland]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Washington Commanders]]||American football
|-
|[[Shanxi Sports Centre Stadium]]||62,000||[[Taiyuan]], [[Shanxi]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Faurot Field]]||61,620<ref>{{cite web |title=Memorial Stadium/Faurot Field|url=https://mutigers.com/facilities/memorial-stadium-faurot-field/1|publisher=University of Missouri}}</ref>||[[Columbia, Missouri]]||{{Flag|United States}} ||North America||[[Missouri Tigers football]]||American football
|-
|[[Jack Trice Stadium]]||61,500<ref>{{cite news | last=Peterson | first=Randy | title=Iowa State releases plan for 50% Jack Trice Stadium football capacity | work=The Des Moines Register | date=24 June 2020 | url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/sports/college/iowa-state/randy-peterson/2020/06/24/iowa-state-football-fans-at-jack-trice-stadium-2020-coronavirus-jamie-pollard/3253185001/ | access-date=25 February 2024}}</ref>||[[Ames, Iowa]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Iowa State Cyclones football]]||American football
|-
|[[Scott Stadium]]||61,500||[[Charlottesville, Virginia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Virginia Cavaliers football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Soldier Field]]||61,500||Chicago||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Chicago Bears]]||American football
|-
|[[Yale Bowl]]||61,446||[[New Haven, Connecticut]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Yale Bulldogs football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Anfield]]||61,276<ref>{{cite web|title=Anfield Liverpool, Info & Map {{!}} Premier League|url=https://www.premierleague.com/clubs/10/Liverpool/stadium|access-date=2016-08-24|website=www.premierleague.com}}</ref>||[[Liverpool]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]||Association football
|-
|[[Perth Stadium|Optus Stadium]]||61,266||[[Perth]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Fremantle Football Club|Fremantle Dockers]], [[West Coast Eagles]], [[Australia national rugby union team|Australia Wallabies]], [[Perth Scorchers]], [[Australia national cricket team]], [[Western Australia cricket team]]*||[[Australian rules football]], [[Rugby union]], [[cricket]]
|-
|[[Dalian Sports Center Stadium]]||61,000||[[Dalian]], [[Liaoning]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| || Association football, athletics
|-
|[[L&N Federal Credit Union Stadium|Cardinal Stadium]] || 61,000 ||[[Louisville, Kentucky]] ||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Louisville Cardinals football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Kroger Field]]||61,000||[[Lexington, Kentucky]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Kentucky Wildcats football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Estadio Benito Villamarín|Benito Villamarín]]||60,721||[[Seville]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Real Betis]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Emirates Stadium]]||60,704||London||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Memorial Stadium (Champaign)|Memorial Stadium]]||60,670||[[Champaign, Illinois]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Illinois Fighting Illini football]]||American football
|-
|[[MHPArena]]||60,649<ref>[http://www.vfb.de/de/arena/page/6-0-1-1295604462.html VfB Stuttgart 1893 e.V. Die neue Mercedes-Benz Arena] {{Dead link|date=January 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. Retrieved on 2012-05-17.</ref>||[[Stuttgart]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[VfB Stuttgart]]||Association football
|-
|[[Xiamen Egret Stadium]]||60,592<ref>{{cite web | title=探寻厦门白鹭体育场的设计亮点与巧思-东南网-福建官方新闻门户 | website=厦门新闻厦门最具公信力、影响力的网络新闻门户 | date=14 August 2023 | url=https://xm.fjsen.com/wap/2023-08/14/content_31385836_0.htm | language=zh | access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref>||[[Xiamen]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics, Association football
|-
|[[Arena do Grêmio|Grêmio Arena]]||60,540||[[Porto Alegre]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Grêmio FBPA]]||Association football
|-
|[[Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium]]||60,492||[[Jackson, Mississippi]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Jackson State University|Jackson State Tigers]]||American football
|-
|[[Jones AT&T Stadium]] || 60,454 || [[Lubbock, Texas]] ||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Texas Tech Red Raiders football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Celtic Park]]||60,411<ref>{{cite web|title=Celtic Football Club|url=http://spfl.co.uk/clubs/celtic/|access-date=2 October 2016|publisher=Scottish Professional Football League}}</ref>||[[Glasgow]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Celtic F.C.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Monumental Virgen de Chapi]]||60,370||[[Arequipa]]||{{Flag|Peru}}||South America||[[FBC Melgar]], [[IDUNSA|Club IDUNSA]] ||Association football
|-
||[[Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre]]||60,334||[[Shenzhen]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Davis Wade Stadium]]||60,311||[[Starkville, Mississippi]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Mississippi State Bulldogs football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]||60,254<ref name="ll"/>||[[Delhi]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[India national football team]]*, [[Punjab FC]]||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Estadio Centenario|Centenario Stadium]]||60,235<ref>{{cite web | title=Uruguay dekko of revamped Estadio Centenario | website=Coliseum | date=2023-08-25 | url=https://www.coliseum-online.com/uruguay-dekko-of-renovated-estadio-centenario/ | access-date=2024-02-25}}</ref>||[[Montevideo]]||{{Flag|Uruguay}}||South America||[[Uruguay national football team]], [[Club Nacional de Football]], [[Club Atlético Peñarol]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Boone Pickens Stadium]]||60,218<ref>[http://www.okstate.com/facilities/boone-pickens-stadium.html Boone Pickens Stadium] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606163026/http://www.okstate.com/facilities/boone-pickens-stadium.html|date=6 June 2011}}. Okstate.com. Retrieved 2013-06-19.</ref>||[[Stillwater, Oklahoma]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Oklahoma State Cowboys football]]||American football
|-
|[[Stade Municipal de Kintélé]]||60,055||[[Brazzaville]]||{{Flag|Congo}}||Africa||[[Congo national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio do Arruda]]||60,044||[[Recife]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Santa Cruz Futebol Clube]]||Association football
|-
|[[Alassane Ouattara Stadium]]||60,012<ref>{{cite news | title=Inauguration du stade olympique Alassane Ouattara d'Ebimpé au Nord-ouest d'Abidjan | work=Abidjan.net | url=https://news.abidjan.net/articles/681176/inauguration-du-stade-olympique-alassane-ouattara-debimpe-au-nord-ouest-dabidjan |date=4 October 2020 | language=fr | access-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>|| [[Abidjan]]||{{Flag|Ivory Coast}}||Africa||[[Ivory Coast national football team]]||Association football, rugby, athletics
|-
|[[Morodok Techo National Stadium]]||60,000||[[Phnom Penh]]||{{Flag|Cambodia}}||South East Asia||[[Cambodia national football team]] ||[[Association football]]
|-
|[[Olembe Stadium]]||60,000<ref name="CAF21">{{cite web | title=CAF ACTIVITY REPORT 2021–2022 | url=https://www.cafonline.com/media/sqsd0gxk/urv1nsswxbcjx8gjqrwe.pdf | access-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>||[[Yaoundé]]||{{Flag|Cameroon}}||Africa||[[Cameroon national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Bahir Dar Stadium]]||60,000||[[Bahir Dar]]||{{Flag|Ethiopia}}||Africa||[[Ethiopia national football team]], [[Bahir Dar Kenema F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Tigray Stadium]]||60,000||[[Mekelle]]||{{Flag|Ethiopia}}||Africa||[[Mekelle 70 Enderta F.C.|Mekelle City]], [[Shire Endaselassie F.C.]], [[Dedebit F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]]||60,000<ref>{{cite web | title=Jaber International Stadium | publisher=Kuwait FA | date=6 September 2022 | url=https://kuwait-fa.org/en/jaber-international-stadium/ | access-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>||[[Kuwait City]]||{{Flag|Kuwait}}||Western Asia||[[Kuwait national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Milan Puskar Stadium]]||60,000||[[Morgantown, West Virginia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[West Virginia Mountaineers football]]||American football
|-
|[[National Heroes Stadium]]||60,000||[[Lusaka]]||{{Flag|Zambia}}||Africa||[[Zambia national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Moshood Abiola National Stadium]]||60,000||[[Abuja]] ||{{Flag|Nigeria}}||Africa||[[Nigeria national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Benjamin Mkapa Stadium]]||60,000||[[Dar es Salaam]]||{{Flag|Tanzania}}||Africa|| [[Tanzania national football team]], [[Simba SC]], [[Young Africans]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Shenyang Olympic Sports Center Stadium]]||60,000||[[Shenyang]], [[Liaoning]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Stade Léopold Sédar Senghor]]||60,000||[[Dakar]]||{{Flag|Senegal}}||Africa||[[Senegal national football team]], [[ASC Jeanne d'Arc]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Nanjing Olympic Sports Center]]||60,000||[[Nanjing]], [[Jiangsu]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[National Sports Stadium (Zimbabwe)|National Sports Stadium]]||60,000<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49686131|title=National Sports Stadium/|work=BBC News|date=14 September 2019|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref>||[[Harare]]||{{Flag|Zimbabwe}}||Africa||[[Zimbabwe national football team]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Odi Stadium]]||60,000||[[Mabopane]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa||[[Garankuwa United F.C.|Garankuwa United]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Tianhe Stadium]]||60,000||[[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Ordos Sports Centre Stadium]]||60,000||[[Ordos City|Ordos]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Hefei Olympic Sports Center Stadium]]||60,000||[[Hefei]], [[Anhui]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Guangxi Sports Centre Stadium|Guangxi Sports Center Stadium]]||60,000||[[Nanning]], [[Guangxi]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football, athletics
|-
|}

=== Capacity of 50,000–60,000 ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
|-
|[[Haixia Olympic Center Stadium]]||59,562||[[Fuzhou]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Simmons Bank Liberty Stadium]]||59,308<ref>http://issuu.com/memphisathletics/docs/13fbguide_complete_web/5 . Memphis Athletics. Retrieved 2014-09-14</ref>||[[Memphis, Tennessee]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Memphis Tigers football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo]]||59,283<ref>[http://www.ecuafutbol.org/organizaciones/Estadios.aspx Federación Ecuatoriana de Fútbol, el portal de fútbol ecuatoriano] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328095504/http://www.ecuafutbol.org/organizaciones/Estadios.aspx|date=28 March 2014}}. Ecuafutbol.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Guayaquil]]||{{Flag|Ecuador}}||South America||[[Barcelona Sporting Club]]||Association football
|-
|[[Parc Olympique Lyonnais]]||59,186<ref>http://www.ligue1.com/club/olympique-lyonnais {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518153259/https://www.ligue1.com/club/olympique-lyonnais|date=18 May 2019}}. Ligue de Football Professionnel. Retrieved 12 January 2016.</ref>||[[Décines-Charpieu]]||{{Flag|France}}||Europe||[[Olympique Lyonnais]]||Association football
|-
|[[Chongqing Olympic Sports Center]]||58,680||[[Chongqing]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[National Stadium, Warsaw|PGE Stadion Narodowy]]||58,580||[[Warsaw]]||{{Flag|Poland}}||Europe||[[Poland national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[King Fahd International Stadium]]||58,398<ref name="SA27">{{cite book |title=AFC Asian Cup 2027 Bid Book: Saudi Arabia |date=28 December 2020 |publisher=The Ministry of Sport in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Saudi Arabian Football Federation |url=https://assets.the-afc.com/migration/e/x/ext-ac-2027-bid-book-saudi-arabia--pdf |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>||[[Riyadh]]||{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}||Western Asia||[[Al Nassr FC|Al Nasr]], [[Al-Hilal FC|Al-Hilal]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Stadio San Nicola]]||58,248||[[Bari]]||{{Flag|Italy}}||Europe||[[A.S. Bari]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Waldstadion]]||58,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.eintracht.de/stadium/facts-figures/ | title=Facts & Figures - Eintracht Frankfurt Pros }}</ref>||[[Frankfurt]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Eintracht Frankfurt]]||Association football
|-
|[[Castelão (Ceará)|Castelão]]||57,876<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Fortaleza]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Ceará Sporting Club|Ceará]], [[Fortaleza Esporte Clube|Fortaleza]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Arizona Stadium]]||57,803||[[Tucson, Arizona]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Arizona Wildcats football]]||American football
|-
|[[Estadio de La Cartuja]]||57,619||[[Seville]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Spain national football team]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Carter–Finley Stadium]]||57,583<ref>[https://www.nmnathletics.com//pdf4/134095.pdf?ATCLID=1523361&SPSID=41957&SPID=3730&DB_OEM_ID=9200 Carter-Finley Stadium] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529024833/https://www.nmnathletics.com/|date=29 May 2015}}, Raleigh, North Carolina</ref>||[[Raleigh, North Carolina]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[NC State Wolfpack football]]||American football
|-
|[[Cape Town Stadium]]||57,367<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dhlstadium.co.za/venues/the-stadium-bowl/ | title=The Stadium Bowl }}</ref>||[[Cape Town]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa||[[Cape Town City F.C. (2016)]], [[Western Province (rugby union)]], [[Stormers]]||Association football, rugby union
|-
|[[La Bombonera]]||57,200<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infobae.com/deportes/2023/08/18/el-retoque-en-el-aforo-de-la-bombonera-que-se-estrenara-en-boca-platense/ | title=El retoque en el aforo de la Bombonera que se estrenará en Boca-Platense | date=18 August 2023 }}</ref>{{bcn|date=January 2024|May include standing room.}}||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Boca Juniors]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Volksparkstadion]]||57,030||[[Hamburg]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Hamburger SV]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes]]||57,000||[[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Jinan Olympic Sports Center Stadium]]||56,808||[[Jinan]], [[Shandong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Shandong Taishan F.C.|Shandong Taishan]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Estadio Jalisco]]||56,713||[[Guadalajara, Jalisco|Guadalajara]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[Club Atlas]], [[Leones Negros UdeG]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton)|Commonwealth Stadium]]||56,302||[[Edmonton]]||{{Flag|Canada}}||North America|| [[Edmonton Elks]] ||[[Canadian football]], association football, [[rugby union]], athletics
|-
|[[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Olympic Stadium]]||56,040||[[Montreal]]||{{Flag|Canada}}||North America|| [[Montreal Alouettes]]*,<ref>The Montreal Alouettes use the smaller [[Percival Molson Memorial Stadium|Molson Stadium]] as their main home. Olympic Stadium generally hosts the final home game of the regular season, plus all home playoff games.</ref> [[CF Montréal]]*<ref>CF Montréal's regular home is the smaller [[Saputo Stadium|Stade Saputo]].</ref> || [[Canadian football]], baseball, association football
|-
|[[Dodger Stadium]]||56,000||Los Angeles ||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Los Angeles Dodgers]]||Baseball
|-
|[[19 May 1956 Stadium]]||56,000||[[Annaba]]||{{Flag|Algeria}}||Africa||[[USM Annaba]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Johan Cruyff Arena]]||55,445<ref name="BNG">{{cite book |title=Breaking New Ground Belgium The Netherlands Germany bidding to host the FIFA Women's World Cup 2027 |date=8 December 2023 |publisher=FIFA |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/6a7cb3906aa6456/original/Breaking-New-Ground-Bid-Book.pdf |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.johancruijffarena.nl/nieuws/innovation-lab/johan-cruijff-arena-celebrates-25-years-anniversary/ | title=Johan Cruijff ArenA celebrates 25 years anniversary }}</ref>||[[Amsterdam]]||{{Flag|Netherlands}}||Europe||[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Rodrigo Paz Delgado]]||55,400||[[Quito]]||{{Flag|Ecuador}}||South America||[[L.D.U. Quito|Liga Deportiva Universitaria]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Silesian Stadium]]||55,211<ref>[http://www.stadionslaski.pl/stadion/dane_techniczne_PL_tabela.html Specifications] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927134140/http://www.stadionslaski.pl/stadion/dane_techniczne_PL_tabela.html|date=27 September 2013}} – Official page of Silesian Stadium, 2013</ref>||[[Chorzów]]||{{Flag|Poland}} ||Europe||[[Poland national football team]], [[Ruch Chorzów]]||Association football, [[Oval track racing|speedway]], athletics
|-
|[[City of Manchester Stadium]]||55,097||[[Manchester]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Manchester City F.C.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Arena Națională]]||55,000<ref name="AL23" />||[[Bucharest]]||{{Flag|Romania}}||Europe||[[Romania national football team]], [[FCSB]]||Association football
|-
|[[National Stadium, Singapore|Singapore National Stadium]]||55,000||Singapore||{{Flag|Singapore}}||Southeast Asia||[[Singapore national football team]] ||Association football, [[Rugby football|rugby]], [[cricket]], athletics
|-
|[[Bobby Dodd Stadium]]||55,000||[[Atlanta]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football]]||American football
|-
|[[Estadio Latinoamericano]]||55,000||[[Havana]]||{{Flag|Cuba}}||South America||[[Industriales]], [[Metropolitanos]]||Baseball
|-
|[[Helong Sports Center Stadium]]||55,000||[[Changsha]], [[Hunan]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Hunan Billows F.C.]] (Hunan Xiangtao)||Association football
|-
|[[Semple Stadium]]||55,000||[[Thurles]]||{{Flag|Ireland}}||Europe||[[Tipperary GAA]] ||[[Hurling]], [[Gaelic football]]
|-
|[[National Stadium (Kaohsiung)|National Stadium]]||55,000||[[Kaohsiung]]||{{Flag|Taiwan}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Plovdiv Stadium]]||55,000||[[Plovdiv]]||{{Flag|Bulgaria}}||Europe|| junior football teams ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Stadio Diego Armando Maradona]]||54,726||[[Naples]]||{{Flag|Italy}}||Europe||[[SSC Napoli|Napoli]]||Association football
|-
|[[Tianjin Olympic Centre|Tianjin Olympic Centre Stadium]]||54,696||[[Tianjin]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C.|Tianjin Jinmen Tiger]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Esprit Arena]]||54,600||[[Düsseldorf]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys]]||54,367<ref>{{cite news |title=Barca's attendances for next season will be capped at under 50,000 |url=https://www.sport.es/en/news/barca/barcas-attendances-for-next-season-will-be-capped-at-under-50000-86477012 |access-date=17 June 2023 |work=Sport |date=25 April 2023}}</ref>||[[Barcelona]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[FC Barcelona]] ||Athletics, association football
|-
|[[BC Place]]||54,320||[[Vancouver]]||{{Flag|Canada}}||North America|| [[BC Lions]], [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]||[[Canadian football]], association football
|-
|[[Yankee Stadium]]||54,251||[[New York City]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[New York Yankees]], [[New York City FC]]||Baseball, association football
|-
|[[Hrazdan Stadium]]||54,208||[[Yerevan]]||{{Flag|Armenia}}||Western Asia||[[Armenia national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[War Memorial Stadium (Arkansas)|War Memorial Stadium]]||54,120<ref>[http://www.wmstadium.com/stadium-info/stadium-history Stadium History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412222849/http://www.wmstadium.com/stadium-info/stadium-history|date=12 April 2017}}. War Memorial Stadium. Retrieved on 2016-10-29.</ref>||[[Little Rock, Arkansas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Arkansas Razorbacks football]]*<ref name="Razorbacks" />||American football
|-
|[[Borussia-Park]]||54,067||[[Mönchengladbach]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Rogers Centre]]||39,150<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/blue-jays/the-rogers-centre-transformation-is-almost-complete-heres-what-blue-jays-fans-should-know-about/article_bf028bd4-ef8f-11ee-9598-8b0317fd9860.html |title=The Rogers Centre transformation is almost complete. Here's what Blue Jays fans should know about the renovations|website=[[Toronto Star]] |date=4 April 2024 }}</ref>||[[Toronto]]||{{Flag|Canada}}||North America||[[Toronto Blue Jays]]||Baseball
|-
|[[Moses Mabhida Stadium]]||54,000<ref>[https://archive.today/20120715084713/http://0-fifaworldcup.durban.gov.za.innopac.up.ac.za/Pages/About_the_Stadium.aspx Millennium Web Catalog]. 0-fifaworldcup.durban.gov.za.innopac.up.ac.za. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Durban]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Autzen Stadium]]||54,000||[[Eugene, Oregon]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Oregon Ducks football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Busan Asiad Main Stadium|Busan Asiad Stadium]]||53,864||[[Busan]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}|| East Asia || [[Busan IPark]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Folsom Field]]||53,750||[[Boulder, Colorado]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Colorado Buffaloes football]]||American football
|-
|[[Estadio Único Diego Armando Maradona]]||53,600||[[La Plata]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata]]*, [[Estudiantes de La Plata]]* ||Association football
|-
|[[Mountain America Stadium]]||53,599<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesundevils.com/facilities/mountain-america-stadium-home-of-the-asu-sun-devils-frank-kush-field/12 | title=Facilities }}</ref> ||[[Tempe, Arizona]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Arizona State Sun Devils football]]||American football
|-
|[[Adelaide Oval]]||53,500||[[Adelaide]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Australia national cricket team]]*, [[Southern Redbacks]], [[Adelaide Strikers]], [[Adelaide Football Club|Adelaide Crows]], [[Port Adelaide Football Club]]||[[Cricket]], [[Australian rules football]]
|-
|[[Estadio BBVA]]||53,460<ref name="NH27" />||[[Monterrey]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[C.F. Monterrey]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Cuscatlán]]||53,400||[[San Salvador]]||{{ELS}}||North America||[[Alianza F.C.]], [[El Salvador national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Marvel Stadium]]||53,359||[[Melbourne]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Western Bulldogs]], [[St Kilda Football Club|St Kilda FC]], [[Carlton Football Club]], [[Essendon Football Club]], [[North Melbourne Football Club]], [[Melbourne Renegades]]||[[Australian rules football]], [[cricket]], association football
|-
|[[Estádio Parque do Sabiá]]||53,350||[[Uberlândia]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Uberlândia Esporte Clube]] ||Association football
|-
|[[San Mamés Stadium (2013)|San Mamés]]||53,332||[[Bilbao]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Athletic Bilbao]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Boris Paichadze Stadium]]||53,279<ref name="AL23" />||[[Tbilisi]]||{{Flag|Georgia}}||Western Asia||[[FC Dinamo Tbilisi]], [[Georgia national football team]], [[Georgia national rugby union team]] || Association football, [[rugby union]]
|-
|[[Aleppo International Stadium]]||53,200||[[Aleppo]]||{{Flag|Syria}}||Western Asia||[[Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo|Al-Ittihad]]||Association football
|-
|[[National Stadium of Peru]]||53,086||[[Lima]]||{{Flag|Peru}}||South America||[[Peru national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Memorial Stadium (Indiana University)|Memorial Stadium]]||52,692||[[Bloomington, Indiana]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Indiana Hoosiers football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Wuhan Sports Center Stadium]]||52,672||[[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Wuhan Zall F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Nef Stadium]]||52,652||[[Istanbul]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}||Europe||[[Galatasaray S.K. (football team)|Galatasaray S.K.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Franklin Field]]||52,593||[[Philadelphia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[University of Pennsylvania|Penn Quakers football]]||American football, athletics
|-
|[[Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium]]||52,530||[[Istanbul]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}||Western Asia||[[Fenerbahçe S.K.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Donbas Arena]]||52,518||[[Donetsk]]||{{Flag|Ukraine}}||Europe|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Lang Park]]||52,500||[[Brisbane]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Queensland rugby league team|Queensland Maroons]], [[Brisbane Broncos]], [[Queensland Reds]], [[Australia national rugby league team|Australia Kangaroos]]*, [[Australia national rugby union team|Australia Wallabies]]*, [[Australia men's national soccer team|Australia Socceroos]]*|| [[Rugby league]], [[rugby union]], association football
|-
|[[SHI Stadium]]||52,454||[[Piscataway, New Jersey]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Rutgers Scarlet Knights football]]||American football, association football, [[lacrosse]]
|-
|[[St James' Park]]||52,387||[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Newcastle United F.C.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Bill Snyder Family Football Stadium]]||52,200||[[Manhattan, Kansas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Kansas State Wildcats football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Huainan Sports Stadium]]||52,080||[[Huainan]], [[Anhui]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Hampden Park]]||52,054<ref name="AL23" />||[[Glasgow]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Scotland national football team]], [[Queen's Park F.C.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Kings Park Stadium]]||52,000<ref name="Sharks Rugby – Stadium history">{{cite web|title=Sharks Rugby – Stadium history|url=http://www.sharksrugby.co.za/stadium/history|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707205407/http://www.sharksrugby.co.za/stadium/history|archive-date=7 July 2014|access-date=25 June 2014|publisher=The Sharks}}</ref>||[[Durban]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| [[Sharks (rugby union)|Sharks]], {{Rut|Sharks (Currie Cup)|CC=y}}, [[AmaZulu F.C.|AmaZulu]]||[[Rugby union]], association football
|-
|[[Estádio do Dragão]]||52,000||[[Porto]]||{{Flag|Portugal}}||Europe||[[FC Porto]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Monumental de Maturín]]||52,000||[[Maturín]]||{{Flag|Venezuela}}||South America||[[Monagas S.C.|Monagas]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Guiyang Olympic Sports Center]]||52,000||[[Guiyang]], [[Guizhou]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Yellow Dragon Sports Center|Huanglong Stadium]]||51,971<ref name="HANG">{{cite news |title=Built for Success |url=https://www.hangzhou2022.cn/shipin/202309/P020230921709013032773.pdf |access-date=6 December 2023 |work=China Daily |date=21 September 2023}}</ref>||[[Hangzhou]], [[Zhejiang]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Hangzhou Greentown F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[SECU Stadium]]||51,802||[[College Park, Maryland]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America|||[[Maryland Terrapins]] football ||American football, [[lacrosse]]
|-
|[[Loftus Versfeld Stadium]]||51,762||[[Pretoria]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| [[Bulls (rugby union)|Bulls]], [[Blue Bulls]], [[South Africa national rugby union team]]*, [[SuperSport United F.C.|SuperSport United]]*||[[Rugby union]], [[cricket]], association football
|-
|[[Aviva Stadium]]||51,700<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.irishrugby.ie/news/21139.php|title=IRFU Ticket Price Announcement|publisher=[[Irish Rugby Football Union]]|date=29 November 2010|access-date=29 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531213036/http://www.irishrugby.ie/news/21139.php|archive-date=31 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>||[[Dublin]]||{{Flag|Ireland}}||Europe||[[Ireland national rugby union team]], [[Republic of Ireland national football team]]||[[Rugby union]], association football
|-
|[[Hohhot City Stadium]]||51,632||[[Hohhot]], [[Inner Mongolia]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Sun Bowl (stadium)|Sun Bowl Stadium]]||51,500||[[El Paso, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[UTEP Miners]] football ||American football
|-
|[[Rice-Eccles Stadium]]||51,444<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facilities|url=https://utahutes.com/facilities/rice-eccles-stadium/3|access-date=2021-02-03|website=University of Utah Athletics|language=en}}</ref>||[[Salt Lake City]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||University of Utah Utes Football Team||American football
|-
|[[Shizuoka Stadium]]||51,349||[[Fukuroi, Shizuoka|Fukuroi]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Júbilo Iwata]]*, [[Shimizu S-Pulse]]*||Association football
|-
|[[İzmir Atatürk Stadium]]||51,295<ref>{{cite web|title=Stat Arama Detay TFF|url=http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=394&stadID=118|website=tff.org}}</ref>||[[İzmir]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}||Western Asia||[[Altay S.K.]]*, [[Göztepe S.K.|Göztepe]],.*||Association football
|-
|[[Newlands Stadium]]||51,100||[[Cape Town]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| ||
|-
|[[Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium]]||51,000||[[Greenville, North Carolina]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[East Carolina Pirates football]]||American football
|-
|[[Ibrox Stadium]]||50,987<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rangers Football Club|url=http://spfl.co.uk/clubs/rangers/|publisher=Scottish Professional Football League|access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Glasgow]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Rangers F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Huntington Bank Stadium]]||50,805||[[Minneapolis]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Minnesota Golden Gophers football]]||American football
|-
|[[Hocine Aït Ahmed Stadium]]||50,766||[[Tizi Ouzou]]||{{Flag|Algeria}}||Africa||[[JS Kabylie]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Strawberry Arena]]||50,653||[[Solna Municipality|Solna]]||{{Flag|Sweden}}||Europe||[[AIK Fotboll|AIK]], [[Sweden men's national football team]] || Association football
|-
|[[Estádio José Alvalade]]||50,466||[[Lisbon]]||{{Flag|Portugal}}||Europe||[[Sporting Clube de Portugal]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Independence Stadium (Shreveport)|Independence Stadium]]||50,459||[[Shreveport, Louisiana]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Independence Bowl]]||American football
|-
|[[Coors Field]]||50,445||[[Denver]], Colorado||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Colorado Rockies]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Incheon Munhak Stadium]]||50,256||[[Incheon]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Stade Pierre-Mauroy]]||50,186||[[Villeneuve-d'Ascq]]||{{Flag|France}}||Europe||[[Lille OSC]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Ekana International Cricket Stadium]]||50,100<ref name=":23C" />||[[Lucknow]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Lucknow Super Giants]] ||Cricket
|-
|[[Ajinomoto Stadium]]||50,100||[[Chōfu]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[FC Tokyo]], [[Tokyo Verdy]]||Association football
|-
|[[David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium]]||50,071||[[Lawrence, Kansas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Kansas Jayhawks football]]||American football
|-
|[[King Baudouin Stadium]]||50,024<ref name="AL23" />||[[Brussels]]||{{Flag|Belgium}}||Europe||[[Belgium national football team]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Brabourne Stadium]]||50,000||[[Mumbai]]||{{flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Bombay Quadrangular]], [[Rajasthan Royals]]||Cricket
|-
|[[Japoma Stadium]]||50,000<ref name="CAF21"/>||[[Douala]]||{{flag|Cameroon}}||Africa||[[Union Douala]], [[New Star de Douala]], [[Les Astres FC]]||Association football
|-
|[[JSCA International Cricket Stadium]]||50,000||[[Ranchi]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[India national cricket team]], [[Jharkhand cricket team]]||[[Cricket]]
|-
|[[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium]]||50,000||[[Kozhikode]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]] || Association football, [[Cricket]]
|-
|[[Kim Il-sung Stadium]]||50,000<ref>{{cite web|title=CHOSO(N – NORDKOREA – CORÉE DU NORD – NORTH KOREA|url=http://www.fussballtempel.net/afc/PRK.html|access-date=11 June 2012}}</ref> ||[[Pyongyang]]||{{Flag|North Korea}}||East Asia||[[Pyongyang City Sports Group]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Charles Mopeli Stadium]]||50,000||[[Phuthaditjhaba]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa||[[Free State Stars F.C.|Free State Stars]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Eden Park]]||50,000 || [[Auckland]] ||{{Flag|New Zealand}}|| Oceania||[[Blues (Super Rugby)|Auckland Blues]], [[New Zealand national rugby union team]]*, [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland Aces]]*, [[New Zealand national cricket team]]* ||[[Rugby union]], [[cricket]]
|-
|[[Edion Stadium Hiroshima]]||50,000||[[Hiroshima]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Sanfrecce Hiroshima]]||Association football
|-
|[[Nagai Stadium]]||50,000||[[Osaka]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Cerezo Osaka]]||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Stade du 26 Mars]]||50,000||[[Bamako]]||{{Flag|Mali}}||Africa||[[Stade Malien]]||Association football
|-
|[[Stanford Stadium]]||50,424||[[Stanford, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Stanford Cardinal football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium]]||50,000||[[Kuala Terengganu]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Terengganu FC]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Pars Shiraz Stadium|Pars Stadium]]||50,000<ref name="FF27"/>||[[Shiraz]]||{{Flag|Iran}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Henan Provincial Stadium]]||50,000||[[Zhengzhou]], [[Henan]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Xinjiang Sports Centre]]||50,000||[[Ürümqi]], [[Xinjiang]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Wenzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium]]||50,000||[[Wenzhou]], [[Zhejiang]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio 11 de Novembro]]||50,000||[[Luanda]]||{{Flag|Angola}}|| Africa || ||Association football
|-
|[[Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Central Stadium|Guangzhou University City Stadium]]||50,000||[[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Jiangxi Olympic Sports Center]]||50,000||[[Nanchang]], [[Jiangxi]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Max-Morlock-Stadion]]||50,000||[[Nuremberg]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[1. FC Nürnberg]] ||Association football
|-
|[[RheinEnergieStadion]]||50,000||[[Cologne]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[1. FC Köln]]||Association football
|-
|[[Qingdao Youth Football Stadium]]||50,000||[[Qingdao]], [[Shandong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|}

=== Capacity of 40,000–50,000 ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Stadium
!Capacity
!City (state)
!Country
!Region
!Tenants
!Sport(s)
|-
|[[De Kuip]]||49,850<ref name="BNG"/>||[[Rotterdam]]||{{Flag|Netherlands}}|| Europe||[[Feyenoord]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Fritz-Walter-Stadion]]||49,780||[[Kaiserslautern]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] ||Association football
|-
|[[José Amalfitani Stadium]] ||49,540||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield]], [[Argentina national rugby union team]]*, [[Jaguares (Super Rugby)|Jaguares]] ||Association football, [[rugby union]]
|-
|[[Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium]]||49,500<ref>{{Cite web|title=About CCSC – Camille Chamoun Sports City|url=https://camillechamounsportscity.com/about/|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>||[[Beirut]]||{{Flag|Lebanon}}||Western Asia||[[Lebanon national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Red Star Stadium|Rajko Mitić Stadium]]||49,450<ref name="AL23" />||[[Belgrade]]||{{Flag|Serbia}}||Europe||[[Red Star Belgrade]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Mestalla Stadium|Mestalla]]||49,430||[[Valencia]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Valencia CF]] || Association football
|-
|[[JMA Wireless Dome]]||49,250||[[Syracuse, New York]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Syracuse Orange football]], [[Syracuse Orange men's basketball]], [[Syracuse Orange men's lacrosse]], [[Syracuse Orange women's basketball]] || American football, basketball, [[lacrosse]]
|-
|[[Miyagi Stadium]]||49,133||[[Rifu]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Vegalta Sendai]]*||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Globe Life Park in Arlington]]||49,115||[[Arlington, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Dallas Renegades]], [[North Texas SC]] ||American football, association football
|-
|[[Estádio Beira-Rio]]||49,055<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Porto Alegre]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Sport Club Internacional]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Chase Field]]||49,033||[[Phoenix, Arizona]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Arizona Diamondbacks]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Niedersachsenstadion]]||49,000||[[Hanover]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Hannover 96]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre]]||49,000||[[Brisbane]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania|| ||[[Rugby league]], [[Sport of athletics|Athletics]]
|-
|[[Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium]]||49,000||[[Raipur]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Chhattisgarh cricket team]], [[Delhi Capitals]]*|| [[Cricket]]
|-
|[[Oriole Park at Camden Yards]]||48,876||[[Baltimore]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Baltimore Orioles]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Khalifa International Stadium]]||48,496<ref name="QA"/>||[[Doha]]||{{Flag|Qatar}}||Western Asia||[[Qatar national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Jinnah Sports Stadium]]||48,800||[[Islamabad]]||{{Flag|Pakistan}}||South Asia||[[Pakistan national football team]]*||Association football, [[cricket]], [[field hockey|hockey]]
|-
|[[Parc des Princes]]||48,712||Paris||{{Flag|France}}||Europe||[[Paris Saint-Germain]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos]]||48,665||[[Santiago]]||{{Flag|Chile}}||South America||[[Chile national football team]], [[Club Universidad de Chile]]*||Association football, athletics
|-
| [[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]] || 48,459 || [[Port Elizabeth]] ||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| [[Southern Kings]], [[Eastern Province Elephants]] || [[Rugby union]], association football
|-
|[[Ernst-Happel-Stadion]]||48,500<ref name="AL23">{{cite web |title=First Division Clubs in Europe 2023/24 |url=https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/0285-190255261841-9bf57d56cc0b-1000/uefa_first_division_clubs_2023-24.pdf |publisher=UEFA |access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref>||[[Vienna]]||{{Flag|Austria}}||Europe||[[Austria national football team]], [[FK Austria Wien]]*, [[SK Rapid Wien]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Stadium of Light]]||48,339<ref>{{cite web |title=SUNDERLAND STADIUM OF LIGHT- RENEWAL OF SAFETY CERTIFICATE FOR SEASON 2021/2022 |url=https://committees.sunderland.gov.uk/committees/CMIS5/Document.ashx?czJKcaeAi5tUFL1DTL2UE4zNRBcoShgo=vAXn4mFYFXXfPWEtZHOq%2BcSgOgn7aD8zhGhhj5wS9LAjhgXGdAWHsw%3D%3D&rUzwRPf%2BZ3zd4E7Ikn8Lyw%3D%3D=pwRE6AGJFLDNlh225F5QMaQWCtPHwdhUfCZ/LUQzgA2uL5jNRG4jdQ%3D%3D&mCTIbCubSFfXsDGW9IXnlg%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&kCx1AnS9/pWZQ40DXFvdEw%3D%3D=hFflUdN3100%3D&uJovDxwdjMPoYv%2BAJvYtyA%3D%3D=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&FgPlIEJYlotS%2BYGoBi5olA%3D%3D=NHdURQburHA%3D&d9Qjj0ag1Pd993jsyOJqFvmyB7X0CSQK=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNR9xqBux0r1Q8Za60lavYmz=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNQ16B2MHuCpMRKZMwaG1PaO=ctNJFf55vVA%3D |publisher=Sunderland City Council |access-date=1 December 2023 |date=2 August 2021}}</ref>||[[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Sunderland A.F.C.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Tomás Adolfo Ducó]]||48,314||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Club Atlético Huracán]] ||Association football
|-
|[[T-Mobile Park]]||48,116||[[Seattle]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Seattle Mariners]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Estadio Akron]]||48,071<ref name="NH27">{{cite book |title=The United States and Mexico NEW HEIGHTS Bid to Host the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup |date=8 December 2023 |publisher=New Heights bid committee |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/390c06917bd0f7a2/original/New-Heights-WWC27-Bid-Book-USA-Mexico.pdf |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref>||[[Zapopan]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[C.D. Guadalajara|Guadalajara]]||Association football
|-
|[[Rajamangala Stadium]]||48,000||[[Bangkok]]||{{Flag|Thailand}}||Southeast Asia||[[Thailand national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Harbin International Convention Exhibition and Sports Center]]||48,000||[[Harbin]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Sydney Cricket Ground]] ||48,000||[[Sydney]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Australia national cricket team]]*, [[Sydney Roosters]], [[New South Wales cricket team|New South Wales Blues (cricket)]], [[Sydney Sixers|Sydney 6ers]], [[Sydney Swans]], [[Sydney FC]]||[[Cricket]], [[Australian rules football]], [[rugby league]], [[Association football]]
|-
|[[Estadio Malvinas Argentinas]]||48,000||[[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||Ciudad de Mendoza||Association football
|-
|[[Casa de Apostas Arena Fonte Nova]]||47,915<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}|| South America||[[Esporte Clube Bahia]]||Association football
|-
|[[Koshien Stadium]]||47,757<ref name="capacity Koshien">{{cite web|title=Frequently asked questions|url=http://www.hanshin.co.jp/koshien/qa/answer01.html|publisher=Hanshin Koshien Stadium|language=ja}}</ref>||[[Nishinomiya]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Hanshin Tigers]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Fisht Olympic Stadium]]||47,659||[[Sochi]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[PFC Sochi]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Ahmad bin Ali Stadium]]||47,343<ref name="QA"/>||[[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]]||{{Flag|Qatar}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Arena Corinthians]]||47,252<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[São Paulo]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Monumental David Arellano]]||47,017||[[Santiago]]||{{Flag|Chile}}||South America||[[Colo-Colo]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Rice Stadium (Rice University)|Rice Stadium]]||47,000<ref>[http://www.riceowls.com/facilities/rice-stadium.html Rice Official Athletic Site – Facilities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819020114/http://www.riceowls.com/facilities/rice-stadium.html|date=19 August 2010}}. Riceowls.com. Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Houston]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Rice Owls football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos]]||46,931||[[Rio de Janeiro]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Busch Stadium]]||46,861||[[St. Louis]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[St. Louis Cardinals]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez]]||46,788||[[Barranquilla]]||{{Flag|Colombia}}||South America|| [[Colombia national football team]], [[Atlético Junior]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Al Thumama Stadium]]||46,781<ref name="QA"/>||[[Doha]]||{{Flag|Qatar}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Education City Stadium]]||46,155<ref name="QA"/>||[[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]]||{{Flag|Qatar}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Peter Mokaba Stadium]]||46,000||[[Polokwane]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio Prudentão]]||45,954||[[Presidente Prudente]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Stade Mohammed V]]||45,891<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribuna.com/en/clubs/raja-casablanca/squad/ | title=Raja Casablanca Players & Squad, Numbers }}</ref>||[[Casablanca]]||{{Flag|Morocco}}||North Africa||[[Wydad AC]], [[Raja Casablanca]], [[TAS de Casablanca]], [[Morocco national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Tokyo Dome]]||45,600||[[Tokyo]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Yomiuri Giants]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Volgograd Arena]]||45,568||[[Volgograd]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[FC Rotor Volgograd]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Páirc Uí Chaoimh]]||45,500||[[Cork (city)|Cork]]||{{Flag|Ireland}}||Europe||[[Cork GAA]]||[[Hurling]], [[Gaelic football]]
|-
|[[Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium]]||45,500||[[Seville]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[Sevilla FC]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Adrar Stadium]]||45,480||[[Agadir]]||{{Flag|Morocco}}||Africa||[[Hassania Agadir]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Arena Pernambuco]]||45,440<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[São Lourenço da Mata]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Clube Náutico Capibaribe]]||Association football
|-
|[[Arena MRV]]||45,414||[[Belo Horizonte]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Clube Atlético Mineiro|Atlético Mineiro]]||Association football
|-
|[[Lukoil Arena]]||45,360||Moscow||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[FC Spartak Moscow]]||Association football
|-
|[[DY Patil Stadium]]||45,300<ref name="ll"/>||[[Navi Mumbai]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Mumbai Indians]]*, [[Indian national football team]], [[Mumbai City FC]]||[[Cricket]], Association football
|-
|[[Mandela National Stadium]]||45,202||[[Kampala]]||{{Flag|Uganda}}||Africa||[[Uganda national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[McLane Stadium]]||45,140||[[Waco, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Baylor Bears football]]||American football
|-
|[[Stadion Miejski (Wrocław)|Wrocław Municipal Stadium]]||45,105||[[Wrocław]]||{{Flag|Poland}}||Europe||[[Śląsk Wrocław]]||Association football
|-
|[[Kazan Arena]]||45,105||[[Kazan]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[FC Rubin Kazan]]||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Estadio Garcilaso]]||45,056||[[Cusco]]||{{Flag|Peru}}||South America||[[Cienciano]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Angel Stadium|Angel Stadium of Anaheim]]||45,050||[[Anaheim, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Los Angeles Angels]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Al Janoub Stadium]]||45,036<ref name="QA"/>||[[Al Wakrah]]||{{Flag|Qatar}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Mangueirão]]||45,007||[[Belém]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Paysandu Sport Club]]*, [[Clube do Remo]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Egyptian Army Stadium]]||45,000||[[Suez]]||{{Flag|Egypt}}||Africa||[[Petrojet SC|Petrojet]]||Association football
|-
|[[24 February 1956 Stadium]]||45,000||[[Sidi Bel Abbès]]||{{Flag|Algeria}}||Africa||[[USM Bel Abbès]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio Olímpico Monumental]]||45,000||[[Porto Alegre]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium]]||45,000||[[Surabaya]]||{{Flag|Indonesia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Persebaya Surabaya]] ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Saparmurat Turkmenbashy Olympic Stadium|Ashgabat Olympic Stadium]]||45,000||[[Ashgabat]]||{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}||[[Central Asia]]||[[Turkmenistan national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Harapan Bangsa Stadium]]||45,000||[[Banda Aceh]]||{{Flag|Indonesia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Persiraja Banda Aceh]]||Association football
|-
|[[National Hockey Stadium, Lahore|National Hockey Stadium]]||45,000||[[Lahore]]||{{Flag|Pakistan}}||South Asia||[[Pakistan men's national field hockey team|Pakistan national field hockey team]]||[[Field hockey|Hockey]]
|-
|[[Estadio General Pablo Rojas]]||45,000||[[Asunción]]||{{Flag|Paraguay}}||South America||[[Cerro Porteño]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Barabati Stadium]]||45,000||[[Cuttack]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Odisha Cricket Association]]||[[Cricket]]
|-
||[[Conson Stadium|Qingdao Conson Stadium]]||45,000||[[Qingdao]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio da Machava]]||45,000<ref>[http://portuguese.cri.cn/135/2008/04/15/[email protected] China constrói estádios desportivos em Moçambique, Angola e Cabo-Verde – CRI]. Portuguese.cri.cn (15 April 2008). Retrieved on 2011-09-04.</ref>||[[Maputo]]||{{Flag|Mozambique}}||Africa||[[Mozambique national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Morenão]]||45,000||[[Campo Grande]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul]]||Association football
|-
|[[Fez Stadium]]||45,000||[[Fes]]||{{Flag|Morocco}}||Africa||[[Maghreb de Fès]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Free State Stadium]]||45,000||[[Bloemfontein]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa||[[Free State Cheetahs]], [[Cheetahs (rugby union)|Cheetahs]], [[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.|Bloemfontein Celtic]]||[[Rugby union]]
|-
|[[Rostov Arena]]||45,000||[[Rostov-on-Don]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[FC Rostov]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Citi Field]]||45,000||New York City||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[New York Mets]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Yantai Sports Park Stadium]]||45,000||[[Yantai]], [[Shandong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Panathenaic Stadium]]||45,000||[[Athens]]||{{Flag|Greece}}||Europe|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Stade Omar Bongo]]||45,000||[[Libreville]]||{{Flag|Gabon}}||Africa||[[FC 105 Libreville]] ||Association football
|-
|[[National Stadium, Lagos|National Stadium]]||45,000||[[Lagos]]||{{Flag|Nigeria}}||Africa||[[Nigeria national football team]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Zibo Sports Center Stadium]]||45,000||[[Zibo]], [[Shandong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Amahoro Stadium |Amahoro National Stadium]]||45,508||[[Kigali]]||{{Flag|Rwanda}}||Africa|| APR F.C., Rwanda national football team, Rayon Sports F.C., S.C. Kiyovu Sports...||Association football
|-
|[[Weifang Sports Center Stadium]]||45,000||[[Weifang]], [[Shandong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Orlando Stadium]]||45,000||[[Johannesburg]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa||[[Orlando Pirates]], [[Moroka Swallows F.C.|Moroka Swallows]]||Association football
|-
|[[Zayed Sports City Stadium]]||45,000<ref name="ACguide">{{cite web|title=2019 AFC Asian Cup Welcome Guide|url=http://www.the-afc.com/afc/documents/PdfFiles/afc-asian-cup-uae-2019-welcome-guide-en|access-date=11 January 2019|publisher=Asian Football Confederation}}</ref>||[[Abu Dhabi]]||{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Latakia Sports City Stadium]]||45,000||[[Latakia]]||{{Flag|Syria}}||Western Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Solidarnost Samara Arena]]||44,918||[[Samara]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]]||44,904<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vca.co.in/pages/vca-jamtha-stadium | title=Vidarbha Cricket Association, Nagpur }}</ref>||[[Nagpur]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Vidarbha cricket team]]||[[Cricket]]
|-
|[[Nizhny Novgorod Stadium]]||44,899||[[Nizhny Novgorod]]||{{Flag|Russia}}||Europe||[[FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod|Pari NN]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Atanasio Girardot]]||44,863<ref name="bid20">{{cite web |title=FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Bid Evaluation Report |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/7776e81fab19b0c7/original/hygmh1hhjpg30lbd6ppe.pdf |publisher=FIFA |access-date=7 June 2023 |date=10 June 2020}}</ref>||[[Medellín]]||{{Flag|Colombia}}||South America||[[Atlético Nacional]], [[Independiente Medellín]]||Association football
|-
|[[Toyota Stadium (Japan)|Toyota Stadium]]||44,692<ref name="bid20"/>||[[Toyota, Aichi|Toyota]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Nagoya Grampus]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Alumni Stadium]]||44,500||[[Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Boston College Eagles football]]||American football
|-
|[[Greenfield International Stadium]]||44,400<ref name=":23C" />||[[Thiruvananthapuram]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[India national cricket team]], [[Kerala cricket team]]||[[Cricket]] and Association football
|-
|[[FBC Mortgage Stadium]]||44,206||[[Orlando, Florida]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[UCF Knights football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Albertão]]||44,200||[[Teresina]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Esporte Clube Flamengo]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Gwangju World Cup Stadium]]||44,118||[[Gwangju]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[Gwangju FC]]||Association football
|-
|[[Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium]]||44,102||[[Ulsan]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[Ulsan HD FC|Ulsan HD]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Bao'an Stadium]]||44,050<ref>{{Cite web |title=深圳宝安体育场 |url=https://www.sbp.de/zh-hans/project/%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E5%AE%9D%E5%AE%89%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%BA/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=sbp |language=zh-hans}}</ref>||[[Shenzhen]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Shenzhen F.C.]]* ||Association football
|-
|[[Gaelic Grounds]]||44,032||[[Limerick]]||{{Flag|Ireland}}||Europe||[[Limerick GAA]] ||[[Hurling]], [[Gaelic football]]
|-
|[[Amon G. Carter Stadium]]||44,008||[[Fort Worth, Texas]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[TCU Horned Frogs football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Levy Mwanawasa Stadium]]||44,000||[[Ndola]]||{{Flag|Zambia}}||Africa||[[Zambia national football team]]||Association football
|-
||[[Suwon World Cup Stadium]]||43,959||[[Suwon]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[Suwon Samsung Bluewings]]||Association football
|-
||[[Riau Main Stadium]]||43,923||[[Pekanbaru]]||{{Flag|Indonesia}}||Southeast Asia||[[PSPS Riau]]||Association football
|-
|[[Allianz Parque]]||43,713<ref>{{Cite web|title=Allianz Parque|url=https://www.palmeiras.com.br/allianz-parque/|access-date=6 December 2023}}</ref>||[[São Paulo]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[SE Palmeiras|Palmeiras]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Shandong Provincial Stadium]]||43,700||[[Jinan]], [[Shandong]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Citizens Bank Park]]||43,500||[[Philadelphia]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Philadelphia Phillies]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Mbombela Stadium]]||43,500||[[Nelspruit]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Pedro Bidegain]]||43,494||[[Buenos Aires]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Jeonju World Cup Stadium]]||43,348||[[Jeonju]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Progressive Field]]||43,345||[[Cleveland]], Ohio||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Cleveland Guardians]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Stadion Miejski (Poznań)|Poznań Municipal Stadium]]||43,269||[[Poznań]]||{{Flag|Poland}}||Europe|| [[Lech Poznań]] || Association football
|-
|[[Vasil Levski National Stadium]]||43,230<ref name="AL23" />||[[Sofia]]||{{Flag|Bulgaria}}||Europe||[[Bulgaria national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Libertadores de América]]||43,187<ref>{{cite book |title=Anuario Conmebol Sudamericana 2022 |date=3 April 2023 |publisher=CONMEBOL |page=16 |url=https://online.flippingbook.com/view/22986467/ |access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>||[[Avellaneda]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Reser Stadium]]||43,154||[[Corvallis, Oregon]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Oregon State Beavers football]]||American football
|-
|[[Stadio Artemio Franchi]]||43,147||[[Florence]]||{{ITA}}||Europe||[[ACF Fiorentina]]||Association football
|-
|[[Shaanxi Province Stadium]]||43,000<ref>{{cite web | url=http://m.cnwest.com/sxxw/a/2020/08/07/18984616.html | title=陕西省体育场 - 西部网（陕西新闻网）|access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref>||[[Xi'an]], [[Shaanxi]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Saifai International Cricket Stadium]]||43,000||[[Saifai]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team]]||Cricket
|-
|[[Estadio Universidad San Marcos]]||43,000||[[Lima]]||{{Flag|Peru}}||South America|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Fitzgerald Stadium|Fitzgerald Stadium (Staidiam Mhic Gearailt)]]||43,000||[[Killarney]]||{{Flag|Ireland}} || Europe||[[Kerry GAA]]||[[Gaelic football]], [[hurling]]
|-
|[[Ullevi]]||43,000||[[Gothenburg]]||{{Flag|Sweden}}||Europe|| ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Arena da Amazônia]]||42,924<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Manaus]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America|| [[Nacional Futebol Clube]], [[Atlético Rio Negro Clube]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Sapporo Dome]]||42,831||[[Sapporo]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Consadole Sapporo]], [[Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters]]||Association football, baseball
|-
|[[Arena Pantanal]]||42,788<ref name="Bid27Bra" />||[[Cuiabá]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Clube Esportivo Dom Bosco]], [[Mixto Esporte Clube]]||Association football
|-
|[[Villa Park]]||42,788||[[Birmingham]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Aston Villa F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Zhuzhou Stadium]]||42,740||[[Zhuzhou]], [[Hunan]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]]||42,700<ref name=":23C" />||[[Pune]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Maharashtra Cricket Association]]||[[Cricket]]
|-
|[[Estadio Cuauhtémoc]]||42,648||[[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[Puebla F.C.]]||Association football
|-
|[[Vodafone Park]]||42,590<ref>[http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=394&stadID=6097 Vodafone Park - TFF]</ref>||[[Istanbul]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}||Europe||[[Beşiktaş J.K.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)|Red Bull Arena]]||42,558||[[Leipzig]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[RB Leipzig]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Metropolitano de Mérida]]||42,500||[[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]]||{{Flag|Venezuela}}||South America||[[Estudiantes de Mérida F.C.|Estudiantes de Mérida]]||Association football
|-
|[[Perak Stadium]]||42,500||[[Ipoh]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Perak FA]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Sydney Football Stadium (2022)|Sydney Football Stadium]]||42,500<ref>{{cite web |title=Allianz Stadium |url=https://www.austadiums.com/stadiums/sfs |website=Austadiums |access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>||[[Sydney]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Sydney Roosters]], [[New South Wales Waratahs]], [[Sydney FC]] ||[[Association football]], [[Rugby league]], [[Rugby union]]
|-
|[[Ahmadou Ahidjo Stadium]]||42,500||[[Yaoundé]]||{{flag|Cameroon}}||Africa||[[Canon Yaoundé]], [[Tonnerre Yaoundé]], [[Louves Minproff]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Defensores del Chaco]]||42,354||[[Asunción]]||{{Flag|Paraguay}}||South America||[[Paraguay national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Denka Big Swan Stadium]]||42,300||[[Niigata, Niigata|Niigata]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Albirex Niigata]] ||Association football
|-
|[[American Family Field]]||42,200||[[Milwaukee]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Milwaukee Brewers]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Estadio Hernando Siles]]||42,148||[[La Paz]]||{{Flag|Bolivia}}||South America||[[Bolivia national football team]], [[La Paz F.C.]], [[Club Bolívar]]*, [[The Strongest]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux]]||42,115||[[Bordeaux]]||{{Flag|France}}||Europe||[[FC Girondins de Bordeaux]], [[Union Bordeaux Bègles]]* || Association football, rugby union
|-
|[[Weserstadion]]||42,100||[[Bremen]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||[[Werder Bremen]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Great American Ball Park]]||42,059||[[Cincinnati]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Cincinnati Reds]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Estádio do Zimpeto]]||42,055||[[Maputo]]||{{Flag|Mozambique}}|| Africa || ||Association football, athletics
|-
|[[The Gabba]]||42,000||[[Brisbane]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Australia national cricket team]]*, [[Queensland Bulls]], [[Brisbane Heat]], [[Brisbane Lions]] || [[Cricket]], [[Australian rules football]]
|-
|[[MacHale Park|McHale Park (Páirc Mhic Éil)]]||42,000||[[Castlebar]]||{{Flag|Ireland}}||Europe|| [[Mayo GAA]]||[[Gaelic football]], [[hurling]]
|-
|[[Estadio Universitario (UANL)|Estadio Universitario]]||42,000||[[San Nicolás de los Garza]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[Tigres UANL]]||Association football
|-
|[[Arena da Baixada]]||42,000||[[Curitiba]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Club Athletico Paranaense|Athletico Paranaense]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Chengdu Sports Centre]]||42,000||[[Chengdu]], [[Sichuan]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Stade Geoffroy-Guichard]]||42,000||[[Saint-Étienne]]||{{Flag|France}}||Europe||[[AS Saint-Étienne]]||Association football
|-
|[[Royal Bafokeng Stadium]]||42,000||[[Phokeng]]||{{Flag|South Africa}}||Africa|| ||[[Rugby union]], association football, athletics
|-
|[[Konya Metropolitan Municipality Stadium]]||42,000||[[Konya]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}||Western Asia||[[Konyaspor]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Deportivo Cali]]||42,000||[[Palmira, Valle del Cauca|Palmira]]||{{Flag|Colombia}}||South America||[[Deportivo Cali]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Presidente Juan Domingo Perón]]||41,900||[[Avellaneda]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Racing Club de Avellaneda]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Darul Makmur Stadium]]||41,895||[[Kuantan]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Pahang FA]]||[[Association football]], Athletics
|-
|[[Nationals Park]]||41,888||Washington, D.C.||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Washington Nationals]]||Baseball
|-
|[[Estadio Gigante de Arroyito]]||41,654||[[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Rosario Central]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Wrigley Field]]||41,649||Chicago||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Chicago Cubs]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Changchun Stadium]]||41,638||[[Changchun]], [[Jilin]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Changchun Yatai F.C.|Changchun Yatai]]||Association football
|-
|[[Stadion Gdańsk]]||41,620<ref>{{cite web | title=informacje, wydarzenia, wskazówki dojazdu | website=Stadion Energa Gdańsk | url=https://stadionenerga.pl/ | access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>||[[Gdańsk]]||{{Flag|Poland}}||Europe||[[Lechia Gdańsk]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio Serra Dourada]]||41,574||[[Goiânia]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Goiás Esporte Clube]]*, [[Vila Nova Futebol Clube]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Juventus Stadium]]||41,507||[[Turin]]||{{Flag|Italy}}||Europe||[[Juventus FC]] ||Association football
|-
||[[Wuyuan River Stadium]]||41,506||[[Haikou]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics, concerts
|-
|[[Oracle Park]]||41,503||San Francisco||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[San Francisco Giants]] ||Baseball, American football
|-
|[[Estadio Morelos]]||41,500||[[Morelia]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America||[[Monarcas Morelia]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Goyang Stadium]]||41,311||[[Goyang]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Polideportivo Cachamay]]||41,300||[[Ciudad Guayana]]||{{Flag|Venezuela}} ||South America|| [[A.C.C.D. Mineros de Guayana|Mineros de Guayana]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Daejeon World Cup Stadium]]||41,295||[[Daejeon]]||{{Flag|South Korea}}||East Asia||[[Daejeon Hana Citizen]]||Association football
|-
|[[Plaza de Toros México]]||41,262||[[Mexico City]]||{{Flag|Mexico}}||North America|| ||[[Bullfighting]]
|-
|[[Stade de Marrakech|Marrakesh Stadium]]||41,245<ref name="MRC26">{{cite book |title=Bidding Nation Morocco 2026 |date=March 2018 |publisher=[[Royal Moroccan Football Federation]] |pages=91–151}}</ref>||[[Marrakesh]]||{{Flag|Morocco}}||Africa||[[Kawkab Marrakech]], [[Morocco national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Minute Maid Park]]||41,168||[[Houston]],||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Houston Astros]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Truist Park]]||41,084|| Atlanta ||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Atlanta Braves]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Comerica Park]]||41,083||Detroit||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Detroit Tigers]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Alejandro Villanueva Stadium]]
|40,938
|[[Lima]]
|{{Flag|Peru}}
|South America
|[[Club Alianza Lima]]
|Association football
|-
|[[Suzhou Olympic Sports Centre]]||40,933||[[Suzhou]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Nelson Mandela Stadium]]||40,784||[[Algiers]]||{{Flag|Algeria}}||Africa|| ||Association football
|-
|[[Şenol Güneş Sports Complex]]||40,782||[[Trabzon]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}||Western Asia||[[Trabzonspor]]||Association football
|-
|[[Kashima Soccer Stadium]]||40,728||[[Kashima, Ibaraki|Kashima]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Kashima Antlers]]||Association football
|-
|[[Valley Children's Stadium]]||40,727||[[Fresno, California]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Fresno State Bulldogs football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Estadio Campeón del Siglo]]
|40,700
|[[Montevideo]]
|{{Flag|Uruguay}}
|South America
|[[Peñarol|Club Atlético Peñarol]]
|Association football
|-
|[[Guaranteed Rate Field]]||40,615||Chicago||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Chicago White Sox]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Taipei Dome]]||40,575||[[Taipei, Taiwan]]||{{Flag|Taiwan}}||East Asia||TBD ||Baseball
|-
|[[Vanderbilt Stadium]]||40,550||[[Nashville, Tennessee]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Vanderbilt Commodores football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Baotou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium]]||40,545||[[Baotou]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Baba Yara Stadium]]||40,528||[[Kumasi]]||{{Flag|Ghana}}||Africa||[[Asante Kotoko S.C.|Asante Kotoko]], [[King Faisal Babes F.C.|King Faisal Babes]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estádio Couto Pereira]]||40,502||[[Curitiba]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Coritiba Foot Ball Club]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadi Cornellà-El Prat]]||40,500||[[Barcelona]]||{{Flag|Spain}}||Europe||[[RCD Espanyol]]||Association football
|-
|[[Nagoya Dome]]||40,500||[[Nagoya]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Chunichi Dragons]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]]||40,343||London||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Europe||[[Chelsea F.C.]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Ciudad de Lanús – Néstor Díaz Pérez]]||40,320||[[Lanús]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}||South America||[[Club Atlético Lanús]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio Metropolitano de Cabudare]]||40,312||[[Cabudare]]||{{Flag|Venezuela}}||South America||[[Unión Lara S.C.|Unión Lara]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Globe Life Field]]||40,300||Arlington||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Texas Rangers (baseball)|Texas Rangers]] ||Baseball
|-
|[[Lukas Enembe Stadium]]
|40,263
|[[Jayapura]]
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
|Southeast Asia
|
|Association football, athletics
|-
|[[Mỹ Đình National Stadium]]||40,192||[[Hanoi]]||{{Flag|Vietnam}}||Southeast Asia||[[Vietnam national football team]], [[Viettel FC]]||Association football
|-
|[[Miloud Hadefi Stadium]]||40,143||[[Oran]]||{{Flag|Algeria}}||Africa||[[MC Oran]], [[Algeria national football team]]||Association football
|-
|[[Estadio George Capwell]]||40,024||[[Guayaquil]]||{{Flag|Ecuador}}||South America||[[Club Sport Emelec]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Metalist Oblast Sports Complex|OSC Metalist]]||40,003||[[Kharkiv]]||{{Flag|Ukraine}}||Europe||[[FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv|Metalist 1925 Kharkiv]], [[FC Shakhtar Donetsk|Shakhtar Donetsk]]||Association football
|-
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]||40,000<ref name="ll"/>||[[Kochi]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Kerala Blasters|Kerala Blasters FC]], [[India national football team]]|| Association football
|-
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Chennai]]||40,000||[[Chennai]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[India national football team]]*, [[Chennaiyin FC]], [[Indian Bank Recreational Club]]|| Association football
|-
|[[Ladd–Peebles Stadium]]||40,000||[[Mobile, Alabama]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[South Alabama Jaguars football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Batakan Stadium]]||40,000||[[Balikpapan]]||{{Flag|Indonesia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Persiba Balikpapan]]||Association football
|-
|[[TDECU Stadium]]||40,000||[[Houston]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[Houston Cougars football]], [[Houston Roughnecks (2020)|Houston Roughnecks]]||American football
|-
|[[Hang Jebat Stadium]]||40,000||[[Malacca]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Melaka F.C.]]*, ||Association football
|-
|[[Resonac Dome Oita]]||40,000||[[Ōita (city)|Ōita]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Oita Trinita]]||Association football
|-
|[[Sultan Ibrahim Stadium]]
|40,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Football: Johor Darul Ta'zim unveils new RM200 million stadium |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/football-johor-darul-tazim-unveils-new-rm200-million-stadium-779636 |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Johor]]
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}
|Southeast Asia
|[[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim FC]]
|
|-
|[[People's Football Stadium]]<ref>{{cite web|title=PFF|url=http://www.pff.com.pk/|website=www.pff.com.pk}}</ref>||40,000||[[Karachi]]||{{Flag|Pakistan}}||South Asia|| [[Pakistan national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Castelão (Maranhão)|Castelão]]||40,000<ref name="Globo.com">[http://imirante.globo.com/esporte/noticias/2012/09/09/pagina318071.shtml BELO HORIZONTE – Estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720000004/http://imirante.globo.com/esporte/noticias/2012/09/09/pagina318071.shtml|date=20 July 2013}}. Globo.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-12.</ref>||[[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]]||{{Flag|Brazil}}||South America||[[Moto Club de São Luís|Moto Club]], [[Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube|Sampaio Corrêa]]||Association football
|-
|[[Hong Kong Stadium]]||40,000||{{Flag|Hong Kong}}||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||[[Hong Kong national football team]], [[South China AA]]||Association football, [[Rugby union]]
|-
|[[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]||40,000||[[Jamshedpur]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia|| local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[28 March Stadium]]||40,000||[[Benghazi]]||{{Flag|Libya}}||Africa||[[Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi)|Al-Ahly Benghazi]], [[Al-Nasr SC (Benghazi)|Al-Nasr Benghazi]], [[Al Tahaddy SC|Al Tahaddy Benghazi]], [[Libya national football team]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Penang State Stadium]]||40,000||[[Batu Kawan]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Penang FA]]*||Association football
|-
|[[Accra Sports Stadium]]||40,000||[[Accra]]||{{Flag|Ghana}}||Africa|| [[Accra Hearts of Oak S.C.|Accra Hearts of Oak]], [[Accra Great Olympics F.C.|Accra Great Olympics]]||Association football
|-
|[[Pratt & Whitney Stadium at Rentschler Field|Pratt & Whitney Stadium]]||40,000||[[East Hartford, Connecticut]]||{{Flag|United States}}||North America||[[UConn Huskies football]] ||American football
|-
|[[Sarawak Stadium]]||40,000||[[Kuching]]||{{Flag|Malaysia}}||Southeast Asia||[[Sarawak FA]]||Association football
|-
|[[Stade d'Angondjé]]||40,000||[[Angondjé]]||{{Flag|Gabon}}||Africa||[[Gabon national football team]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Bogyoke Aung San Stadium]]||40,000||[[Yangon]]||{{Flag|Myanmar}}||Southeast Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground]]||40,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58344.html |publisher=ESPNcricinfo.com}}</ref>||[[Nagpur]]||{{Flag|India}}||South Asia||[[Vidarbha cricket team]]||Cricket
|-
|[[Suita City Football Stadium]]||40,000<ref name="bid20"/>||[[Suita]]||{{Flag|Japan}}||East Asia||[[Gamba Osaka]]||Association football
|-
|[[Stade de la Paix|Peace Stadium]]||40,000<ref>{{cite web | title=Stade La Paix | website=CAF | url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/stade-la-paix/ | date=15 November 2023 | access-date=25 December 2023}}</ref>|| [[Bouake]]||{{Flag|Ivory Coast}}||Africa||[[Bouaké FC]], [[ASC Bouaké]], [[Alliance Bouaké]] ||Association football
|-
|[[Wuhu Olympic Stadium]]||40,000||[[Wuhu]], [[Anhui]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Hauptstadion]]||40,000||[[Aachen]]||{{Flag|Germany}}||Europe||{{ill|Aachen-Laurensberger Rennverein|de}}||[[equestrianism|equestrian]] and [[show jumping]]
|-
||[[Xining Stadium]]||40,000||[[Xining]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia||local football teams||Association football
|-
|[[Shaoxing China Textile City Sports Center]]||40,000||[[Shaoxing]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Anqing Sports Centre Stadium]]||40,000||[[Anqing]]||{{Flag|China}}||East Asia|| ||Athletics
|-
|[[Monumental Stadium of Caracas Simón Bolívar]]||40,000||[[Caracas]]||{{Flag|Venezuela}}||South America||[[Leones del Caracas]]||Baseball
|-
|[[Kardinia Park]]||40,000<ref name=Austadiums11>{{cite web|url=https://www.austadiums.com/stadiums/stadiums.php?id=101|title=GMHBA Stadium|work=Austadiums}}</ref>
||[[Geelong]]||{{Flag|Australia}}||Oceania||[[Geelong Cats]], [[Melbourne Renegades]]*||[[Cricket]], [[Australian rules football]]
|}

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Lists of stadiums]]
* [[List of African stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of American football stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of Asian stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of association football stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of association football stadiums by country]]
* [[List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues]]
* [[List of baseball parks by capacity]]
* [[List of basketball arenas by capacity]]
* [[List of closed stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of covered stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of cricket grounds by capacity]]
* [[List of East Asia stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of European stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of Gaelic Athletic Association stadiums#List of GAA Grounds by capacity|List of GAA Stadiums by Capacity]]
* [[List of horse racing venues by capacity]]
* [[List of motor racing venues by capacity]]
* [[List of North American stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of Oceanian stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of rugby union stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of South American stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of Southeast Asia stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of sporting venues with a highest attendance of 100,000 or more]]
* [[List of sports attendance figures]]
* [[List of sports venues by capacity]]
* [[List of tennis stadiums by capacity]]
* [[List of track and field stadiums by capacity]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stadiums By Capacity}}
[[Category:Lists of stadiums| ]]
[[Category:Lists of sports venues with capacity|Stadiums]]

Kwasi Poku

2024-10-02T17:00:30Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|Canadian soccer player (born 2003)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Kwasi Poku
|image =
|fullname =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|2|6}}
|birth_place = [[Brampton, Ontario]], Canada
|height = 1.91m
|position = [[Striker (association football)|Striker]], [[Left back]]
|currentclub = [[R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015)|RWD Molenbeek]]
|clubnumber = 20
|youthyears1 = |youthclubs1 = Brampton East SC
|youthyears2 = |youthclubs2 = [[Woodbridge Strikers]]
|youthyears3 = |youthclubs3 = [[Unionville Milliken SC]]
|youthyears4 = |youthclubs4 = [[TFC Academy|Toronto FC]]
|years1 = 2021 |clubs1 = [[Toronto FC III]] |caps1 = 4 |goals1 = 0
|years2 = 2021 |clubs2 = [[Toronto FC II]] |caps2 = 1 |goals2 = 0
|years3 = 2022–2024 |clubs3 = [[Forge FC]] |caps3 = 60 |goals3 = 11
|years4 = 2023 |clubs4 = → [[Sigma FC]] (loan) |caps4 = 1 |goals4 = 0
|years5 = 2024– |clubs5 = [[R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015)|RWD Molenbeek]] |caps5 = 3 |goals5 = 2
|nationalyears1 = 2022
|nationalteam1 = [[Canada men's national under-20 soccer team|Canada U20]]
|nationalcaps1 = 5
|nationalgoals1 = 0
|club-update = September 21, 2024
|nationalteam-update = June 26, 2022
}}

'''Kwasi Poku''' (born February 6, 2003) is a Canadian [[Association football|soccer]] player who currently plays for [[R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015)|RWD Molenbeek]] of the [[Challenger Pro League]].

==Early life==
Poku began playing youth soccer at age six with Brampton East SC.<ref>{{Canada Soccer player|id=55738}}</ref> He later played youth soccer with the [[Woodbridge Strikers]], with whom he won the 2017 U14 Ontario Indoor Cup, scoring a hat-trick against [[Ottawa St. Anthony Italia|Ottawa St. Anthony]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ontariosoccer.net/news_article/show/755035-kwasi-poku-leads-woodbridge-strikers-to-u-14-boys-ontario-indoor-cup-title|work=[[Ontario Soccer Association]]|date=January 26, 2017|title=Kwasi Poku Leads Woodbridge Strikers to U-14 Boys Ontario Indoor Cup Title}}</ref> He was also part of the provincial Team Ontario that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn4.sportngin.com/attachments/document/0123/1326/U14B_website_info.pdf|title=Team Ontario U14 Boys|work=[[Ontario Soccer Association]]}}</ref> He later played for [[Unionville Milliken SC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/bmo-champions-cup-day-one-and-two-recap-0|first=Nicolas|last=Motta Silva|date=November 16, 2018|work=[[Toronto FC]]|title=BMO Champions CUP: Day One and Two Recap}}</ref> He later joined the [[Toronto FC Academy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-signs-ex-hfx-midfielder-sissoko-local-product-poku|title=Forge FC signs ex-HFX midfielder Sissoko, local product Poku|date=February 2, 2022|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref>

==Club career==
===Toronto FC===
In 2021, he played with [[Toronto FC III]] in the [[League1 Ontario]] Summer Championship division making his debut on July 31 against [[Alliance United]].<ref name=tfciii>{{cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/47998954|title=Kwasi Poku 2021 L1O Stats|work=[[League1 Ontario]]}}</ref> After the season, he joined the second team [[Toronto FC II]] in [[USL League One]]. He made his debut on October 1, 2021 against [[North Carolina FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.northcarolinafc.com/news_article/show/1186561|title=Match Recap: North Carolina FC Fall to Toronto FC II on the Road|first=Hannah|last=Martin|date=October 1, 2021|work=[[North Carolina FC]]}}</ref> In February 2022, he departed the Toronto FC organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tfcrepublic.ca/oct-26-cpl-final-poku-forge-fc/|title=Ex-TFC academy product Kwasi Poku set for CPL Final with Forge|date=October 26, 2023|work=TFC Republic|first=John|last=Molinaro}}</ref>

===Forge FC===
In February 2022, he signed a professional contract with [[Canadian Premier League]] side [[Forge FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-sign-midfielders-sissoko-poku|title=Forge FC Sign Midfielders Sissoko & Poku|work=[[Forge FC]]|date=February 2, 2022}}</ref> He made his debut for his new club on February 16 in a [[2022 CONCACAF Champions League]] match against [[Cruz Azul]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bramptonsoccer.com/bramptons-kwasi-poku-impresses-despite-forge-loss/|title=Brampton's Kwasi Poku impresses despite Forge loss|work=Brampton Soccer|date=February 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/ready-for-a-little-bit-of-everything-kwasi-poku-makes-big-strides-in-first-pro-season|first=Anthony|last=Urciuoli|title='Ready for a little bit of everything:' Kwasi Poku makes big strides in first pro season|date=August 11, 2022|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> Poku scored his first goal on October 9, 2022 in a 1–0 victory over the [[HFX Wanderers FC|HFX Wanderers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/sports/hfx-wanderers-disappointing-season-comes-to-a-close-with-loss-to-forge-100781668/|title=HFX Wanderers' disappointing season comes to a close with loss to Forge|first=George|last=Myrer|date=October 9, 2022|work=[[SaltWire Network]]}}</ref>

In January 2023, Poku went on trial with Swedish [[Allsvenskan]] club [[BK Häcken]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/bk-hacken-kwasi-poku-trial/|date=January 17, 2023|title=Forge's Poku On Trial With BK Hacken|last=Jacques|first=John|work=Northern Tribune}}</ref> In 2023, he played one game on loan with Forge's affiliate [[Sigma FC]] in [[League1 Ontario]].<ref name="sigma">{{Cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/65073805?subseason=875807|title=Kwasi Poku 2023 L1O Stats|work=[[League1 Ontario]]}}</ref> In later September 2023, he was named the CPL player of the week.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/kwasi-poku-named-cpl-player-of-the-week-for-week-24|title=Kwasi Poku Named CPL Player of the Week for Week 24|date=September 26, 2023|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> At the end of the [[2023 Canadian Premier League season|2023 season]], he was nominated for the CPL U21 Player of the Year award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/kwasi-poku-nominated-for-best-canadian-under-21-player|title=Kwasi Poku Nominated for Best Canadian Under-21 Player|date=October 17, 2023|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/cameron-de-brienne-poku-nominated-for-best-canadian-u-21-player-award|title=Cameron, De Brienne, Poku nominated for Best Canadian U-21 Player Award|date=October 17, 2023|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> In October of the same year, he helped Forge win their fourth league title, following a 2–1 win over [[Cavalry FC]] in the [[2023 Canadian Premier League final|play-off final]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tierney |first=Mitchell |date=October 28, 2023 |title=HIGHLIGHTS + ANALYSIS: Forge wins 2023 North Star Cup, defeating Cavalry to lift fourth playoff crown (Oct. 28, 2023) |url=https://onesoccer.ca/a/highlights-analysis-forge-wins-2023-north-star-cup-defeating-cavalry-to-lift-fourth-playoff-crown-oct-28-2023 |access-date=October 29, 2023 |website=OneSoccer}}</ref>

During the 2024 season, he was moved from his typical left-back position to centre forward, after several injuries to the team's forwards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/what-makes-kwasi-poku-so-effective-as-a-striker-cpl-newsroom-pres-by-volkswagen|title=What makes Kwasi Poku so effective as a striker? - CPL Newsroom pres. by Volkswagen|date=June 5, 2024|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/it-plays-to-my-strengths-why-kwasi-poku-is-thriving-as-a-striker-with-forge-fc|title='It plays to my strengths': Why Kwasi Poku is thriving as a striker with Forge FC|date=July 3, 2024|first=Mitchell|last=Tierney|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/kwasi-pokus-explosive-form-in-the-canadian-premier-league-a-rising-star|title=Kwasi Poku's Explosive Form in the Canadian Premier League: A Rising Star|date=July 30, 2024|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> On June 23, 2024, he scored a brace in a 2–1 victory over [[Valour FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/match-analysis-early-poku-brace-lifts-forge-over-valour-despite-back-and-forth-second-half|title=Match Analysis: Early Poku brace lifts Forge over Valour despite back-and-forth second half|first=Charlie|last=O'Connor-Clarke|date=June 23, 2024|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Forge 2-1 Valour: Poku Gives Valour Hammer Blow|url=https://northerntribune.ca/2024-canadian-premier-league-forge-fc-valour-recap/|date=June 24, 2024|work=Northern Tribune|first=David|last=Parkes}}</ref> He was named the league's Player of the Month for June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/forge-fcs-kwasi-poku-named-cpl-player-of-the-month-for-june|title=Forge FC's Kwasi Poku named CPL Player of the Month for June|date=July 3, 2024|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> On July 10, he scored a backheel goal against [[Major League Soccer]] club [[Toronto FC]] in a 2-1 victory in the first leg of the [[2024 Canadian Championship]] semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fr.canpl.ca/article/14e-journee-de-cpl-latletico-ottawa-en-forme-kwasi-poku-en-feu|title=14e journée de CPL : L'Atlético Ottawa en forme; Kwasi Poku en feu|trans-title=CPL Matchday 14: Atlético Ottawa in form; Kwasi Poku on fire|language=fr|date=July 16, 2024|first=Quentin|last=Parisis|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> On July 14, he scored another brace in a 2–1 victory over [[Pacific FC]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/match-analysis-poku-brace-powers-persistent-forge-past-pacific-fc-at-tim-hortons-field|title=Match Analysis: Poku brace powers persistent Forge past Pacific FC at Tim Hortons Field|date=July 14, 2024|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]|first=Mitchell|last=Tierney}}</ref> earning league Player of the Week honours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/kwasi-poku-named-cpl-player-of-the-week-for-week-14|title=Kwasi Poku Named CPL Player of the Week for Week 14|date=July 17, 2024|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> In August 2024, he began to be held out of matches for precautionary reasons, amid transfer interest from foreign clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/kwasi-poku-held-out-of-forge-lineup-amid-interest-in-the-transfer-market|date=August 15, 2024|title=Kwasi Poku held out of Forge lineup amid 'interest in the transfer market'|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-kwasi-poku-transfer-interest/|title=Poku Absent Amid 'Quite A Bit Of Interest' In Transfer Market|date=August 15, 2024|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wanderersnotebook.ca/2024/08/15/forge-fc-mulling-over-multiple-offers-with-interest-from-north-america-and-europe-for-kwasi-poku/|title=Forge FC mulling over multiple offers — with interest from North America and Europe — for Kwasi Poku|work=Wanderers Notebook|date=August 15, 2024|first=Josh|last=Healey}}</ref>

===RWD Molenbeek===
On August 21, 2024, Poku transferred to [[R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015)|RWD Molenbeek]] of the [[Challenger Pro League]] for an undisclosed CPL-record transfer fee.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-announce-league-record-transfer-fee-of-kwasi-poku-to-rwd-molenbeek |title=Forge FC Announce League Record Transfer Fee of Kwasi Poku to RWD Molenbeek |publisher=Forge FC |date=August 21, 2024 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821203136/https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-announce-league-record-transfer-fee-of-kwasi-poku-to-rwd-molenbeek |archive-date=August 21, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lalibre.be/dernieres-depeches/2024/08/21/challenger-pro-league-le-canadien-kwasi-poku-signe-pour-deux-ans-au-rwdm-VOOA5OWARZGXPOQKHANX3IV2QA/ |title=Challenger Pro League - Le Canadien Kwasi Poku signe pour deux ans au RWDM |trans-title=Challenger Pro League: Canadian Kwasi Poku signs for two years at RWDM |lang=fr |work=[[La Libre Belgique]] |agency=[[Belga (news agency)|Belga]] |date=August 21, 2024 |access-date=August 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821202542/https://www.lalibre.be/dernieres-depeches/2024/08/21/challenger-pro-league-le-canadien-kwasi-poku-signe-pour-deux-ans-au-rwdm-VOOA5OWARZGXPOQKHANX3IV2QA/ |archive-date=August 21, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> He made his debut on August 23 against [[KAS Eupen|Eupen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2024/09/01/canadians-abroad-johnston-oldfirm-bombito-red-card/|date=September 1, 2024|title=Canadians Abroad Roundup: Alistair Johnston shining with Celtic, Moïse Bombito shown red, Sigur returns|first=Mitchell|last=Bailey}}</ref> On September 21, he scored his first goals for the club, netting a brace in a 3-0 victory over [[Jong Genk]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bx1.be/categories/news/le-rwdm-poursuit-son-sans-faute-a-genk-0-3/|title=Le RWDM poursuit son sans-faute à Genk (0-3)|trans-title=RWDM continues its flawless performance in Genk (0-3)|date=September 22, 2024|work=BX1|language=fr}}</ref>

==International career==
Born in Canada, Poku is of Ghanaian descent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickgh.com/more/ghanaians-abroad/21666-canadian-born-ghanaian-youngster-kwasi-poku-on-trials-at-bk-haecken|title=Canadian-born Ghanaian youngster Kwasi Poku on trials at BK Häcken|date=January 17, 2023|work=Kick GH}}</ref> In April 2022, he was called up to the [[Canada men's national under-20 soccer team|Canadian Under-20]] team for two matches against [[Costa Rica national under-20 football team|Costa Rica]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/bontis-poku-called-up-to-the-mens-u20-national-team-camp-in-costa-rica|date=April 5, 2022|title=Bontis & Poku called up to the men's U20 national team camp in Costa Rica|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> In June 2022, he was named to the [[Canada men's national under-20 soccer team|Canadian U-20]] team for the [[2022 CONCACAF U-20 Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |title=6 CPLers named to Canada squad for Concacaf Men’s U-20 Championship|url=https://canpl.ca/article/6-cplers-named-to-canada-squad-for-concacaf-mens-u-20-championship|publisher=[[Canadian Premier League]] |date=June 10, 2022|first=Charlie|last=O'Connor-Clarke}}</ref> He appeared in all four of the team's matches, playing a total of 385 minutes, prior to their elimination in the round of 16.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onesoccer.ca/a/im-excited-to-see-what-s-next-after-brief-taste-of-europe-forge-s-kwasi-poku-eager-to-be-latest-cpl-export|title='I'm excited to see what's next': After brief taste of Europe, Forge's Kwasi Poku eager to be latest CPL export|first=Alexandre|last=Gangué-Ruzic|work=[[OneSoccer]]|date=September 9, 2023}}</ref> In October 2024, Poku was called up the the [[Canadian men's national soccer team|Canadian senior national team]] for the first time for a friendly match against [[Panama national football team|Panama]].

==Career statistics==
{{updated|August 21, 2024}}<ref>{{Soccerway|kwasi-poku/641328}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Playoffs
!colspan="2"|Domestic Cup
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Toronto FC III]]
|[[2021 League1 Ontario season|2021]]<ref name=tfciii />
|[[League1 Ontario]] Summer Championship
|4||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||4||0
|-
|[[Toronto FC II]]
|[[2021 Toronto FC II season|2021]]
|[[USL League One]]
|1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Forge FC]]
|[[2022 Forge FC season|2022]]
|rowspan=3|[[Canadian Premier League]]
|20||1||1||0||3<ref group=lower-alpha>Includes appearance in the [[2020 Canadian Championship]] final (played in 2022)</ref>||0||2||0||26||1
|-
|[[2023 Forge FC season|2023]]
|23||2||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||26||2
|-
|[[2024 Forge FC season|2024]]
|17||8||0||0||4||2||1||0||22||10
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!60!!11!!3!!0!!8!!2!!3!!0!!74!!13
|-
|[[Sigma FC]] (loan)
|[[2023 League1 Ontario season|2023]]<ref name=sigma />
|[[League1 Ontario]]
|1||0||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||colspan="2"|–||1||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!66!!11!!3!!0!!8!!2!!3!!0!!80!!13
|}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Canada Soccer player|id=55738}}
*{{Soccerway|kwasi-poku/641328}}

{{R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015) squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poku, Kwasi}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Canadian men's soccer players]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Ghanaian descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Ghanaian descent]]
[[Category:Soccer players from Brampton]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate men's soccer players]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium]]
[[Category:Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium]]
[[Category:Toronto FC players]]
[[Category:Toronto FC II players]]
[[Category:Sigma FC players]]
[[Category:Toronto FC Academy players]]
[[Category:Forge FC players]]
[[Category:R.W.D. Molenbeek (2015) players]]
[[Category:League1 Ontario players]]
[[Category:USL League One players]]
[[Category:Canadian Premier League players]]
[[Category:Canada men's youth international soccer players]]

Djed Spence

2024-09-19T19:14:36Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Short description|English association football player (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Djed Spence
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| full_name = Diop Tehuti Djed-Hotep Spence<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.efl.com/siteassets/image/201920/efl-professional-retain-list--free-transfers---2018-19.pdf |title=Club list of registered players: As at 19th May 2019 |publisher=English Football League |accessdate=1 August 2019}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|08|09|df=y}}<ref name="Middlesbrough">{{cite web | url=https://www.mfc.co.uk/teams/middlesbrough-under-23s/djed-spence | title=Djed Spence | publisher=Middlesbrough F.C. | accessdate=15 August 2018 | website=mfc.co.uk}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[London]], England<ref name="11v11">{{cite web | url=https://www.11v11.com/players/djed-spence-256770/ | title=11v11 | accessdate=15 August 2018 | website=11v11.com}}</ref>
| height = 1.84 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.staderennais.com/fiche/djed-spence |title=Djed Spence |language=fr |publisher=Stade Rennais F.C. |access-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422111315/https://www.staderennais.com/fiche/djed-spence |archive-date=22 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| position = [[Full back (association football)|Full-back]]
| currentclub = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| clubnumber = 24
| youthyears1 = 2016–2018
| youthclubs1 = [[Fulham F.C. Academy|Fulham]]
| years1 = 2018–2022
| clubs1 = [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]
| caps1 = 63
| goals1 = 2
| years2 = 2021–2022
| clubs2 = → [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (loan)
| caps2 = 39
| goals2 = 2
| years3 = 2022–
| clubs3 = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
| caps3 = 7
| goals3 = 1
| years4 = 2023
| clubs4 = → [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]] (loan)
| caps4 = 8
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2023–2024
| clubs5 = → [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] (loan)
| caps5 = 7
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2024
| clubs6 = → [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]] (loan)
| caps6 = 16
| goals6 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2022–2023
| nationalteam1 = [[England national under-21 football team|England U21]]
| nationalcaps1 = 6
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update = 23:57, 19 September 2024 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update =
}}

'''Diop Tehuti Djed-Hotep Spence''' (born 9 August 2000) is an English professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Defender (association football)#Full-back|full-back]] for {{English football updater|TottenhH}} club [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]].

==Early life==
Spence is the younger brother of actress [[Karla-Simone Spence]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B6i9zhGF1bV/c/17870556268557011/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/karlasimonespence_/2207598588431128277 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |url-access=registration|title=Proud Big sister🦁❤️ The future is bright! SPENCE WOI YOii!!! #winninggoal #borofc|author=Karla-Simone Spence|via=Instagram|date=26 December 2019|accessdate=30 November 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He was born in England to a Jamaican father and Kenyan mother.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulsesports.co.ke/football/story/kenyan-defender-finally-opens-up-on-disastrous-spell-at-tottenham-following-move-to-genoa-2024022508523749911|title=Kenyan defender finally opens up on disastrous spell at Tottenham following move to Genoa|first=Pulse|last=Sports|date=26 February 2024|website=Pulse Sports Kenya}}</ref>

==Club career==
===Middlesbrough===
Spence signed for [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]] on 1 July 2018, having previously been with [[Fulham F.C. Academy|Fulham's academy]].<ref name="Middlesbrough"/><ref name="11v11"/> He made his debut for Middlesbrough in the [[EFL Cup]] on 14 August 2018, appearing as a substitute versus [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] at the [[Riverside Stadium]].<ref name="Debut">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45092544|title=Middlesbrough 3–3 Notts County|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=15 August 2018|website=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Spence made his league debut for Middlesbrough in a 1–0 win over Charlton Athletic on 7 December 2019, scoring his first league goal in a 1–0 win against Huddersfield Town on 26 December 2019.

On 11 January 2020 Spence won EFL Young Player of the Month, following his league debut, first goal and three clean sheets.<ref name="Dec19 YPOTM">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/51067940|title=Djed Spence: Middlesbrough defender wins December's EFL Young Player of the Month award|date=2020-01-11|access-date=2020-01-11|language=en-GB}}</ref>

====Nottingham Forest (loan)====
On 1 September 2021, it was announced Spence would join [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] on loan for the remainder of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/news/2021/september/Djed-Spence-signs-on-loan/|title=Djed Spence signs on loan|first=Nottingham Forest Football|last=Club|website=Nottingham Forest Football Club}}</ref> He scored his first goal for Forest in a 3–0 win over [[Birmingham City]] on 2 October.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58687612|title=Birmingham 0–3 Nottingham Forest|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=2 October 2021|access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> Spence impressed in [[FA Cup]] victories over [[Premier League]] clubs [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] and [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]], scoring the fourth in a 4–1 victory over the latter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60266470|title=Nottingham Forest 4–1 Leicester City: Forest defeat FA Cup holders Leicester|publisher=BBC Sport|date=6 February 2022|accessdate=20 March 2022}}</ref>

Spence was awarded the [[EFL Championship Player of the Month]] award for March 2022<ref name="Mar22 POTM">{{cite web|url=https://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/news/2022/april/08/spence-named-efl-player-of-the-month/|title=Spence named Sky Bet Championship Player of the Month|website=www.nottinghamforest.co.uk|date=8 April 2022}}</ref> as well as being nominated for the Goal of the Month award following his long range strike against [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/news/2022/april/08/spence-nominated-for-sky-bet-goal-of-the-month/|title=Spence nominated for Sky Bet Championship Goal of the Month|website=www.nottinghamforest.co.uk|date=8 April 2022}}</ref> which he was ultimately awarded.<ref name="Mar22 GOTM">{{cite web|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/april/goal-of-the-month-march-winners/|title=Goal of the Month: March winners|website=www.efl.com|date=15 April 2022|accessdate=19 April 2022}}</ref> Having also been nominated for the Championship Young Player of the Season, Spence made it a hat-trick of awards for March 2022 when he won the EFL Young Player of the Month award for the second time in his career, becoming the first player to win it twice in the process.<ref name="Mar22 YPOTM">{{cite web|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/april/djed-spence-scoops-young-player-of-the-month-award/|title=Djed Spence scoops Young Player of the Month award|website=www.efl.com|date=20 April 2022|accessdate=22 April 2022}}</ref>

Spence played a vital role in Nottingham Forest's promotion winning side, and was featured in both the EFL Championship Team of the Season and the PFA Championship team of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Football Manager EFL Team of the Season line-ups announced|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/april/football-manager-efl-team-of-the-season-line-ups-announced/ |access-date=2022-06-15|website=www.efl.com|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PFA Championship Team of the Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-championship-toty |access-date=2022-06-15|website=www.thepfa.com|language=en}}</ref>

===Tottenham Hotspur===

On 19 July 2022, [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] announced the signing of Spence on a five-year deal, for a reported fee of £20 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spence signs from Middlesbrough|url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/2022/july/spence-signs-from-middlesbrough/|date=19 July 2022|access-date=19 July 2022|website=Tottenham Hotspur|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=David Hytner|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jul/19/tottenham-sign-djed-spence-from-middlesbrough-in-20m-deal|title=Tottenham seal Djed Spence signing from Middlesbrough in £20m deal|date=19 July 2022|website=www.theguardian.com|language=en}}</ref> He made his Tottenham debut on 29 August, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–0 win against Nottingham Forest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nottingham Forest 0-2 Tottenham: Harry Kane scores 200th and 201st career league goals in hard-fought win |url=https://uk-sport-web.prod.oceanusorigin.com/football/news/11661/12681422/nottingham-forest-0-2-tottenham-harry-kane-scores-200th-and-201st-career-league-goals-in-hard-fought-win |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Sky Sports |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He scored his first competitive goal for the club on 17 September 2024 in a 2-1 [[EFL Cup]] win over [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Coventry 1-2 Tottenham: Win papers over performance |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c749x977veko |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>

====Loan to Rennes====
On 31 January 2023, Spence joined [[Ligue 1]] side [[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]] on a loan until the end of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Djed Spence, nouveau Latéral droit Rennais!|url=https://www.staderennais.com/djed-spence-nouveau-lateral-droit-rennais|date=31 January 2023|access-date=31 January 2023|website=Stade Rennais F.C.|language=fr}}</ref>

====Loan to Leeds United====
On 30 August 2023, [[EFL Championship]] club [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] announced the signing of Spence on a season-long loan from Tottenham Hotspur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-30 |title=Leeds United sign Djed Spence on loan from Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/31926/leeds-united-sign-djed-spence-on-loan-from-tottenham-hotspur |access-date= |publisher=Leeds United F.C. |language=en}}</ref> He made his debut for the club in an EFL Championship fixture against [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]], coming on as a second-half substitute in a 0–0 draw.

On 18 September 2023 Leeds United announced that Spence had suffered an injury in training that would see him out of action for eight weeks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=Djed Spence Injury Update |url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/32051/djed-spence-injury-update |access-date= |publisher=Leeds United F.C. |language=en}}</ref> On 4 January 2024, Leeds terminated the loan after only playing seven games before January and Spence returned to Tottenham Hotspur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Djed Spence returns to Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/32668/djed-spence-returns-to-tottenham-hotspur |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=www.leedsunited.com |language=en}}</ref>

====Loan to Genoa====
On 11 January 2024, Spence signed for [[Serie A]] club [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]] on a loan deal until the end of the season.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2024 |title=Djes Spence nuovo giocatore del Genoa |trans-title=Djed Spence is a new Genoa player |url=https://genoacfc.it/2024/01/11/djed-spence-e-un-nuovo-giocatore-del-genoa/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |publisher=Genoa CFC |language=it}}</ref>

==International career==
In March 2022, Spence earned a first international call up to the [[England national under-21 football team|England Under-21]] squad for the upcoming [[2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification|Under-21 European Championship Qualifying matches]] against [[Andorra national under-21 football team|Andorra]] and [[Albania national under-21 football team|Albania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Mar/18/england-mu21s-squad-named-for-andorra-and-albania-games-20221803|title=England MU21 squad for qualifiers with Andorra and Albania|website=www.englandfootball.com|date=18 March 2022|accessdate=20 March 2022}}</ref> He made his debut as a substitute during a 3–0 victory away to the latter on 29 March 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Mar/29/albania-england-mu21s-euro-qualifier-match-live-report-20222803|title=Report: Albania 0-3 England MU21s |publisher=EnglandFootball.com|date=29 March 2022|access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref>

== Style of play ==
Spence primarily plays as a right-back, and is known for his pace and dribbling ability.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Liam Tharme and Mark |title=What Tottenham can expect from Djed Spence: Crosses, beating a man, but lots to learn |url=https://theathletic.com/3426306/2022/07/19/djed-spence-tottenham-forest/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref> He has been praised by [[Ian Wright]], who described him as "combative, technical, swashbuckling", and [[Wes Morgan]], who compared him to a Rolls-Royce.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGovern |first=Ste |date=2022-01-14 |title=Ian Wright pays Djed Spence huge compliment after Arsenal display |url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/sport/football/football-news/ian-wright-djed-spence-arsenal-6495826 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=NottinghamshireLive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Johns |first=Craig |date=2022-02-07 |title=Scouting mission, pundit praise & ex-boss valuation - Spence impresses |url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/spence-forest-middlesbrough-tottenham-praise-23008716 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=TeessideLive |language=en}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|match played 18 September 2024}}

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
!rowspan=2|Club
!rowspan=2|Season
!colspan=3|League
!colspan=2|National cup{{efn|Includes [[FA Cup]]}}
!colspan=2|League cup{{efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]]}}
!colspan=2|Europe
!colspan=2|Other
!colspan=2|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham U23]]
|2017–18<ref name=sb1718>{{soccerbase season|108812|2017|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|colspan=3|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|name=EFLT|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy]]}}||0||1||0
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]
|[[2018–19 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2018–19]]<ref name=sb1819>{{soccerbase season|108812|2018|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|[[EFL Championship|Championship]]
|0||0||0||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2||0
|-
|[[2019–20 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2019–20]]<ref name=sb1920>{{soccerbase season|108812|2019|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|Championship
|22||1||2||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||24||1
|-
|[[2020–21 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2020–21]]<ref>{{soccerbase season|108812|2020|access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|Championship
|38||1||1||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||40||1
|-
|[[2021–22 Middlesbrough F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref name="2021-22"/>
|Championship
|3||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||4||0
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!63||2||3||0||4||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||70||2
|-
|[[Middlesbrough F.C. Reserves and Academy|Middlesbrough U23]]
|2018–19<ref name=sb1819/>
|colspan=3|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|name=EFLT}}||0||3||0
|-
|[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (loan)
|[[2021–22 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref name="2021-22">{{soccerbase season|108812|2021|access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref>
|Championship
|39||2||4||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}}||0||46||3
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
|[[2022–23 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref name="2022-23">{{soccerbase season|108812|2022|access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref>
|[[Premier League]]
|4||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||6||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref name="2023-24">{{soccerbase season|108812|2023|access-date=26 September 2023}}</ref>
|Premier League
|0||0||colspan=2|—||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||0||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|2024–25]]<ref name="2024-25">{{soccerbase season|108812|2024|access-date=19 August 2024}}</ref>
|Premier League
|2||0||0||0||1||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||3||1
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!6||0||1||0||2||1||0||0||colspan=2|—||9||1
|-
|[[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]] (loan)
|[[2022–23 Stade Rennais F.C. season|2022–23]]<ref name="2022-23"/>
|[[Ligue 1]]
|8||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}}||0||colspan=2|—||10||0
|-
|[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] (loan)
|[[2023–24 Leeds United F.C. season|2023–24]]<ref name="2023-24"/>
|Championship
|7||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||7||0
|-
|[[Genoa CFC|Genoa]] (loan)
|[[2023–24 Genoa CFC season|2023–24]]<ref name="2023-24"/>
|[[Serie A]]
|16||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||16||0
|-
!colspan=3|Career total
!139||4||8||1||6||1||2||0||7||0||162||6
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
'''Nottingham Forest'''
* [[EFL Championship play-offs]]: [[2022 EFL Championship play-off Final|2022]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61539298|title=Forest return to Premier League after 23-year wait|publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=30 May 2022|date=29 May 2022}}</ref>

'''Individual'''
* [[EFL Young Player of the Month]]: [[2019–20 EFL Championship|December 2019]],<ref name="Dec19 YPOTM"/> [[2021–22 EFL Championship|March 2022]]<ref name="Mar22 YPOTM"/>
* [[EFL Championship Player of the Month]]: [[2021–22 EFL Championship|March 2022]]<ref name="Mar22 POTM"/>
* EFL Championship Goal of the Month: [[2021–22 EFL Championship|March 2022]]<ref name="Mar22 GOTM"/>
* [[EFL Awards|EFL Championship Team of the Season]]: [[EFL Awards#2022 Awards|2021–22]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/april/football-manager-efl-team-of-the-season-line-ups-announced/|title=Football Manager EFL Team of the Season line-ups announced|website=www.efl.com|date=24 April 2022|accessdate=25 April 2022}}</ref>
* [[PFA Team of the Year]]: [[PFA Team of the Year (2020s)#Championship 3|2021–22 Championship]]<ref name="PFATOTY2122">{{cite web |url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-championship-toty |title=PFA Championship Team of the Year |publisher=[[Professional Footballers' Association]] |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/teams/men/players/djed-spence/ Profile] at the Tottenham Hotspur F.C. website
* {{UEFA player}}

{{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. squad}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Awards
| bg = gold
| fg = navy
| list =
{{2021–22 EFL Championship Team of the Season}}
{{2021–22 EFL Championship PFA Team of the Year}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spence, Djed}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Men's association football fullbacks]]
[[Category:Black British sportsmen]]
[[Category:English men's footballers]]
[[Category:English Football League players]]
[[Category:English people of Jamaican descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Jamaican descent]]
[[Category:English people of Kenyan descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Kenyan descent]]
[[Category:Footballers from London]]
[[Category:Middlesbrough F.C. players]]
[[Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players]]
[[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players]]
[[Category:Stade Rennais F.C. players]]
[[Category:Leeds United F.C. players]]
[[Category:Genoa CFC players]]
[[Category:Premier League players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]
[[Category:Serie A players]]
[[Category:English expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in France]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Italy]]
[[Category:English expatriate sportspeople in France]]
[[Category:English expatriate sportspeople in Italy]]

Victor Klonaridis

2024-09-13T20:13:09Z

Hcoder3104:

{{short description|Belgian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Victor Klonaridis
| image = Victor Klonaridis.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Klonaridis with [[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]] in 2017
| fullname = Dorian Victor Klonaridis
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1992|07|28}}
| birth_place = [[Seraing]], [[Belgium]]
| height = {{height|m=1.80}}
| position = [[Midfielder#Winger|Right-winger]]
| currentclub = [[Forge FC]]
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 = 2007–2010
| youthclubs1 = [[AEK Athens F.C. Academy|AEK Athens]]
| years1 = 2010–2012
| clubs1 = [[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]]
| caps1 = 20
| goals1 = 4
| years2 = 2012–2013
| clubs2 = [[Lille OSC|Lille]]
| caps2 = 3
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2013
| clubs3 = → [[Royal Excel Mouscron]] (loan)
| caps3 = 8
| goals3 = 2
| years4 = 2013–2016
| clubs4 = [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]]
| caps4 = 74
| goals4 = 14
| years5 = 2016–2017
| clubs5 = [[RC Lens|Lens]]
| caps5 = 13
| goals5 = 2
| years6 = 2017
| clubs6 = → [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] (loan)
| caps6 = 16
| goals6 = 4
| years7 = 2017–2020
| clubs7 = [[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]]
| caps7 = 41
| goals7 = 5
| years8 = 2020–2021
| clubs8 = [[APOEL FC|APOEL]]
| caps8 = 39
| goals8 = 7
| years9 = 2021–2023
| clubs9 = [[Atromitos F.C.|Atromitos]]
| caps9 = 46
| goals9 = 4
|years10 = 2023
|clubs10 = [[Ümraniyespor]]
|caps10 = 11
|goals10 = 1
|years11 = 2024
|clubs11 = [[A.E. Kifisia F.C.|A.E. Kifisia]]
|caps11 = 2
|goals11 = 0
|years12 = 2024–
|clubs12 = [[Forge FC]]
|caps12 = 0
|goals12 = 0

| nationalyears1 = 2012
| nationalteam1 = [[Belgium national under-21 football team|Belgium U20]]
| nationalcaps1 = 1
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update = 8 January 2024
| nationalteam-update = 22:35, 13 September 2012 (UTC)
}}

'''Dorian Victor Klonaridis''' ({{lang-el|Ντοριάν Βίκτωρ Κλωναρίδης}}, born 28 July 1992) is a Greek-Belgian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] or a [[second striker]] for [[Canadian Premier League]] club [[Forge FC]].

==Career==
===AEK Athens===
Klonaridis emerged from the [[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]] academy as a young prodigy, signing his first professional contract with the club at the age of 18. During his first stint at the club, he made some notable appearances against Panathinaikos FC where he scored his first professional goal in the Greek Super League and then proceeded to score 3 more goals in the championship. After his impressive performances in the championship and in European football, he secured a transfer with Lille OSC.

===Lille===
On 2 July 2012, Klonaridis signed a three-year contract with [[Lille OSC]] for a reported fee of €800,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://frenchfootballweekly.com/2012/07/02/lilles-new-belgian-star-viktor-klonaridis/|title=Lille's new Belgian star Viktor Klonaridis|date=2 July 2012|publisher=French Football Weekly|access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contra.gr/Soccer/France/Ligue1/lille/anakoinwthhke-apo-th-lil-o-klwnaridhs.1840177.html|title=Ανακοινώθηκε από τη Λιλ ο Κλωναρίδης|date=3 July 2012 |publisher=contra.gr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://frenchfootballweekly.com/2012/07/02/lilles-new-belgian-star-viktor-klonaridis/|title=Lille's sign potential new star Viktor Klonaridis|date=2 July 2012|publisher=frenchfootballweekly.com|access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref> On 31 January 2013, he joined [[Belgian Second Division]] side [[Royal Excel Mouscron|Mouscron-Péruwelz]] on loan from Lille.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/sports/losc-klonaridis-badri-et-wade-pretes-ia182b204n998206|title=LOSC : Klonaridis, Badri et Wade prêtés |date=31 January 2013|publisher=www.lavoixdunord.fr}}</ref>

===Panathinaikos===
On 3 August 2013, [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] paid to AEK Athens €1 million for his transfer (just like with [[Georgios Koutroumpis]] the same summer) and Klonaridis signing a 4-year contract with the "Greens". On 25 September 2013, he scored on his debut, against [[Ergotelis F.C.|Ergotelis]] in the Greek Cup. On 10 November 2013, he netted twice in a 2–0 win against [[Aris F.C. (Thessaloniki)|Aris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panathinaikos beats Aris 2-0 - Sport News |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/panathinaikos-beats-aris-2-0/P6HERU2KVXBQTOZ5UUVDTCYYQA/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=NZ Herald |date=9 November 2013 |language=en-NZ}}</ref> On 14 May 2014, he helped his club claim Greece's second [[UEFA Champions League|Champions League]] spot scoring in a 1–1 draw against [[Atromitos F.C.|Atromitos]] in the playoffs, which left Panathinaikos with an unassailable lead at the top of the table with one match left.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-12-09 |title=Removed: news agency feed article |url=http://www.theguardian.com/info/2015/dec/09/removed-news-agency-feed-article |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/pb/sport/news/article.cfm|title=Sport news, results and live scores from New Zealand and around the world|via=www.nzherald.co.nz}}</ref>

At the beginning of [[2015–16 Super League Greece|2015–16 season]], Klonaridis faced injury problems causing him to train separately from the rest of the squad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdna.gr/news-english/article/112373/klonaridis-abandons-training|title=Κlonaridis abandons training}}</ref> On 28 October 2015, he scored his first goal for the season, playing in the [[Greek Cup]] against [[Levadiakos]]. On 3 December 2015, Panathinaikos won 2–1 against [[Panachaiki]] at Pampeloponnisiako Stadium thanks to a brace scored by him in the first half.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sdna.gr/news-english/article/142303/klonaridis-stars-panathinaikos-victory-vids|title=Klonaridis stars in Panathinaikos victory (vids)}}</ref> On 23 May 2016, he scored in a 3–0 defeat of rivals [[AEK Athens]] reaching 100 appearances with for Panathinaikos.<ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/sthn-koryfh-o-panathhnaikos-3-0-thn-aek.4075415.html Στην κορυφή ο Παναθηναϊκός, 3-0 την ΑΕΚ]</ref>

On 14 August 2016, Panathinaikos accepted a bid from Belgian club [[K.S.C. Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen|Lokeren]] for a transfer fee, reported to be in the region of €300,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/omades/Panathinaikos/pros-lokeren-o-klwnaridhs.4214676.html|title=Προς Λόκερεν ο Κλωναρίδης}}</ref> However, the move was not completed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzetta.gr/football/article/968156/halaei-toy-klonaridi-stin-lokeren|title=Χαλάει του Κλωναρίδη στην Λόκερεν;}}</ref>

===Lens===
On 31 August 2016, the last day of the summer window transfer, Klonaridis returned to France, signing a two-year contract with [[Ligue 2]] club [[RC Lens|Lens]], for an undisclosed fee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/France/epishma-sth-lans-o-klwnaridhs.4239656.html|title=Επίσημα στη Λανς ο Κλωναρίδης}}</ref>

====Loan to Panathinaikos====
On 30 January 2017, Klonaridis returned to [[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]], initially on loan, but with an option for the Greek club to sign him permanently.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lens : Klonaridis rentre au Panathinaïkos !|trans-title=Lens: Klonaridis returns to Panathinaikos!|url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/111490/article/2017-01-30/lens-klonaridis-rentre-au-panathinaikos|access-date=30 January 2017|work=[[La Voix du Nord (daily)|La Voix du Nord]]|date=30 January 2017|language=fr}}</ref>
On 31 May 2017, his goal and overall positive performance, helped his club to succeed an away 3–2 win against rivals [[PAOK FC|PAOK]] in the last matchday of the [[2016–17 Superleague Greece|2016–17 Playoffs]] depriving them of the possibility to participate in the [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League third qualifying round]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.protothema.gr/sports/article/684479/paok-panathinaikos-2-3-edeixe-poso-varia-fanela-ehei/|title=ΠΑΟΚ-Παναθηναϊκός 2-3: Έδειξε πόσο βαριά φανέλα έχει!|date=31 May 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/panathhnaikos-me-psyxh-3-2-ton-paok-sthn-toumpa.4700013.html|title=Παναθηναϊκός με ψυχή, 3-2 τον ΠΑΟΚ στην Τούμπα}}</ref>

===Return to AEK Athens===
On 29 June 2017, Klonaridis joined [[Superleague Greece|Super League]] side [[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]] by signing a contract until June 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=Viktor Klonaridis (Lens) transféré à l'AEK Athènes|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Viktor-klonaridis-lens-transfere-a-l-aek-athenes/814422|access-date=29 June 2017|work=L'Équipe|date=29 June 2017|language=fr}}</ref> AEK paid €200,000 to acquire Klonaridis from [[RC Lens|Lens]]. On 8 August 2018, he scored before the break in a 1–1 away draw for [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League Third qualifying round, 1st leg]] against [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Celtic vs AEK Athens 1-1 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/45087904 |publisher=www.bbc.com|date=8 August 2018}}</ref> On 22 August 2018, he scored, slamming home the rebound from close range after [[Anastasios Bakasetas]]' snapshot had been parried by MOL Vidi's goalkeeper [[Ádám Kovácsik]] in a glorious 2–1 away win for [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League Playoffs, 1st leg]] against [[MOL Vidi FC|MOL Vidi]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Βίντι-ΑΕΚ 1-2: Με το ένα πόδι στους ομίλους του Champions League η "Ένωση"! |url=https://www.protothema.gr/sports/article/814605/vidi-aek-1-2-me-to-ena-podi-stous-omilous-tou-champions-league-i-enosi/ |publisher=www.protothema.gr|date=22 August 2018}}</ref>

On 16 September 2018, Klonaridis scored his first brace with the club in a 4–0 home win game against [[Panionios F.C.|Panionios]], as six minutes from full time with a brilliant piece of individual skill, skipping past the challenge of Luis Gustavo Dominques before firing a powerful shot beyond Panthers goalkeeper [[Filip Manojlović]] and at the last minute of the match scoring his second of the night, slotting home after good work from striker [[Marko Livaja]].<ref>{{cite news|title=ΑΕΚ - Πανιώνιος 4-0 |url=http://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/article/1270502/aek-panionios-4-0 | publisher=www.gazzetta.gr|date=16 September 2018}}</ref> On 2 October 2018, he scored a brace in a 2–3 loss [[UEFA Champions League]] home game against [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]. In both goals, he scored with a right footed shot from very close range after assisted by [[Niklas Hult]] and [[Marios Oikonomou]] respectively, but after the AEK forward missed a great chance for his hat-trick, [[Alfa Semedo]]'s long-range strike won it for Benfica on the counterattack. He has become the team's first player in history to score twice in one single group match.<ref>{{cite news|title=ΑΕΚ - Μπενφίκα 2-3 |url=http://www.gazzetta.gr/football/champions-league/article/1276680/aek-mpenfika-2-3 | publisher=www.gazzetta.gr|date=2 October 2018}}</ref>

On 22 January 2020, Klonaridis scored his first goal for [[2019–20 Superleague Greece|the season]], after a [[Hélder Lopes (footballer)|Hélder Lopes]] assist, in a 3–1 away win against [[Volos FC|Volos]]. The speedy 27-year-old has previously been plagued by injuries this season. The goal was Klonaridis’ first since 2 October 2018, when he scored twice in a 3–2 home defeat to [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] in the [[UEFA Champions League|UEFA Champions League group stage]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/volos-aek-1-3-oi-ekplhkseis-toy-karera-ekanan-th-doyleia-toys.5672949.html | title=ΞΒόλος - ΑΕΚ 1-3: Οι εκπλήξεις του Καρέρα έκαναν τη δουλειά τους | publisher=www.sport24.gr | date=22 January 2020}}</ref> On 1 March 2020, Klonaridis scored a stunning goal in stoppage time to salvage a thrilling 1–1 away draw for AEK against [[Panionios F.C.|Panionios]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/paniwnios-aek-1-1-o-klwnaridhs-glitwse-thn-htta-sto-92-me-gkolara.5688600.html | title=Πανιώνιος - ΑΕΚ 1-1: Ο Κλωναρίδης γλίτωσε την ήττα στο 92' με γκολάρα | publisher=www.sport24.gr | date=1 March 2020}}</ref> On 30 June 2020, Klonaridis solved his contract with the club. At times, the talented 27-year-old forward showed glimpses of his potential, but he was often hindered by injury problems and a lack of consistency.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/omades/Aek/aek-apoxairethsan-oi-xoylt-kai-klwnaridhs.5726845.html | title=ΑΕΚ: Αποχαιρέτησαν οι Χουλτ και Κλωναρίδης | publisher=www.sport24.gr | date=30 June 2020}}</ref>

===APOEL===
On 7 July 2020, Klonaridis joined Cypriot club [[APOEL]] on a free transfer.

===Atromitos===
On 17 July 2021, Klonaridis returned to [[Greece]] and signed a two-year contract with [[Atromitos F.C.|Atromitos]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/atromitos-anakoinose-tin-apoktisi-toy-klonaridi-gia-dyo-chronia.9298205.html | title=Ατρόμητος: Ανακοίνωσε την απόκτηση του Κλωναρίδη για δύο χρόνια | publisher=www.sport24.gr | date=17 July 2021}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Klonaridis was born in [[Belgium]] to a [[Greeks|Greek]] father and a [[Belgians|Belgian]] mother of [[Flemish people|Flemish]] ethnicity.
He spent the first years of his life in [[Uganda]].

==Career statistics==
{{updated|10 December 2022}}<ref name="sw">{{cite web|title=V. Klonaridis|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/viktor-klonaridis/171928/|website=Soccerway|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="zz">{{cite web|url=https://www.thefinalball.com/jogador.php?id=176231&epoca_id=140&op=zoomstats|title=Viktor Klonaridis statistics|publisher=ZeroZero|access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan=2|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Greek Football Cup|Greek Cup]], [[Cypriot Cup]]}}
!colspan="2"|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}}
!colspan="2"|Europe
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan=3|[[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]]
|[[2010–11 AEK Athens F.C. season|2010–11]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Super League Greece]]
|1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[2011–12 AEK Athens F.C. season|2011–12]]
|19||4||0||0||colspan="2"|—||3||1||22||5
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!20!!4!!0!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!3!!1!!23!!5
|-
|[[Lille OSC|Lille]]
|[[2012–13 Lille OSC season|2012–13]]
|[[Ligue 1]]
|3||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|[[Royal Excel Mouscron|Mouscron-Péruwelz]] (loan)
|[[2012–13 Belgian Second Division|2012–13]]
|[[Belgian Second Division]]
|7||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7||2
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]]
|[[2013–14 Panathinaikos F.C. season|2013–14]]
|rowspan="3"|Super League Greece
|32||9||8||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||40||11
|-
|[[2014–15 Panathinaikos F.C. season|2014–15]]
|29||3||4||2||colspan="2"|—||6||1||39||6
|-
|[[2015–16 Panathinaikos F.C. season|2015–16]]
|13||2||6||4||colspan="2"|—||2||0||21||6
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!74!!14!!18!!8!!colspan="2"|—!!8!!1!!100!!23
|-
|[[RC Lens|Lens]]
|[[2016–17 Ligue 2|2016–17]]
|[[Ligue 2]]
|10||1||2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||12||2
|-
|[[Panathinaikos F.C.|Panathinaikos]] (loan)
|[[2016–17 Panathinaikos F.C. season|2016–17]]
|Super League Greece
|16||4||4||2||colspan="2"|—||0||0||20||6
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[AEK Athens F.C.|AEK Athens]]
|[[2017–18 AEK Athens F.C. season|2017–18]]
|rowspan="3"|Super League Greece
|12||1||4||0||colspan="2"|—||8||0||24||1
|-
|[[2018–19 AEK Athens F.C. season|2018–19]]
|22||2||6||0||colspan="2"|—||9||4||37||6
|-
|[[2019–20 AEK Athens F.C. season|2019–20]]
|7||2||2||0||colspan="2"|—||2||0||11||2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!41!!5!!12!!0!!colspan="2"|—!!19!!4!!72!!9
|-
|[[APOEL FC|APOEL]]
|[[2020–21 APOEL FC season|2020–21]]
|[[Cypriot First Division]]
|32||6||4||1||colspan="2"|—||3||0||39||7
|-
|[[Atromitos F.C.|Atromitos]]
|[[2021–22 Super League Greece|2021–22]]
|Super League Greece
|8||1||0||0||colspan="2"|—||0||0||8||1
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!220!!37!!40!!12!!1!!0!!32!!6!!283!!55
|}

{{notelist}}

==Honours==
;AEK Athens
*[[Super League Greece]]: [[2017–18 Superleague Greece|2017–18]]
*[[Greek Cup]]: [[2010–11 Greek Football Cup|2010–11]]

;Panathinaikos
*[[Greek Cup]]: [[2013–14 Greek Football Cup|2013–14]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Viktor Klonaridis|Victor Klonaridis}}
* {{UEFA player|250029555}}
* {{Soccerway|viktor-klonaridis/171928}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Klonaridis, Victor}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Seraing]]
[[Category:Footballers from Liège Province]]
[[Category:Belgian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Belgium men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Greek men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Super League Greece players]]
[[Category:Challenger Pro League players]]
[[Category:Ligue 1 players]]
[[Category:Ligue 2 players]]
[[Category:Cypriot First Division players]]
[[Category:Royal Excel Mouscron players]]
[[Category:AEK Athens F.C. players]]
[[Category:Panathinaikos F.C. players]]
[[Category:RC Lens players]]
[[Category:APOEL FC players]]
[[Category:Atromitos F.C. players]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Greek expatriate men's footballers]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriate sportspeople in France]]
[[Category:Greek expatriate sportspeople in France]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Greece]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus]]
[[Category:Greek expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey]]
[[Category:Greek expatriate sportspeople in Turkey]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in France]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus]]
[[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey]]
[[Category:Belgian people of Greek descent]]
[[Category:Greek people of Belgian descent]]

2024–25 Olympique de Marseille season

2024-08-06T12:00:44Z

Hcoder3104:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox football club season
|club = Olympique de Marseille
|season = [[2024–25 in French football|2024–25]]
|image =
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption =
|chrtitle = President
|chairman = [[Pablo Longoria]]
|mgrtitle = Head coach
|manager = [[Roberto De Zerbi]]
|stdtitle =
|stadium = [[Stade Vélodrome]]
|league = [[Ligue 1]]
|league result = [[2024–25 Ligue 1|''Pre-season'']]
|cup1 = [[Coupe de France]]
|cup1 result = [[2024–25 Coupe de France|''Round of 64'']]
|league topscorer =
|season topscorer =
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|average attendance =
|largest win =
|largest loss =
| pattern_la1 = _marseille2425h
| pattern_b1 = _marseille2425h
| pattern_ra1 = _marseille2425h
| pattern_sh1 = _marseille2425h
| pattern_so1 =
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| leftarm2 = 153759
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|updated =
|prevseason = [[2023–24 Olympique de Marseille season|2023–24]]
|nextseason = ''2025–26''
}}
The '''2024–25 season''' is the [[List of Olympique de Marseille seasons|125th season]] in the history of [[Olympique de Marseille]], and the club's 29th consecutive season in [[Ligue 1]]. In addition to the [[2024–25 Ligue 1|domestic league]], the club is scheduled to participate in the [[2024–25 Coupe de France|Coupe de France]].

This is Marseille's first season under new head coach [[Roberto De Zerbi]], and their first without participation in European competition since [[2019–20 Olympique de Marseille season|2019–20]].<ref name="leparisien">{{cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/sports/football/ligue-1/ligue-1-lolympique-de-marseille-finit-la-saison-a-la-8e-place-et-ne-disputera-aucune-coupe-deurope-20-05-2024-Q53XWRP6MZAUDPTZFKNF4VFSK4.php|title=Ligue 1 : l'Olympique de Marseille finit la saison à la 8e place et ne disputera aucune Coupe d'Europe|website=Le Parisien|date=19 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024}}</ref>

== Transfers ==
=== In ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
!{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! scope="col" |Player
!Transferred from
! style="width: 65px;" |Fee
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Source
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|2|DF}}
|{{sort|Meïté, Bamo|{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Bamo Meïté]]}}
|{{fbaicon|FRA}} [[FC Lorient|Lorient]]
|€10,000,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lephoceen.fr/infos-om/mercato/mercato-om-bamo-meite-la-tres-bonne-pioche-de-la-saison-217081|title=Mercato OM : Bamo Meïté, la très bonne pioche de la saison ?|date=6 June 2024|website=www.lephoceen.fr}}</ref>{{Cref2|†|group=TR}}
|{{dts|1 July 2024}}
|
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|3|MF}}
|{{flagicon|CAN}} {{sortname|Ismaël|Koné}}
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]
|€17,500,000
|{{dts|1 July 2024}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tsn.ca/soccer/canada-midfielder-ismael-kone-completes-move-to-marseille-from-watford-1.2141764|title=Canada midfielder Ismaël Koné completes move to Marseille from Watford|date=28 June 2024|website=TSN}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|2|DF}}
|{{sort|Brassier, Lilian|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lilian Brassier]]}}
|{{fbaicon|FRA}} [[Stade Brestois 29|Brest]]
|Loan
|3 July 2024
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.om.fr/fr/actualites/4803/equipe-1ere/89435-lilian-brassier-en-bleu-et-blanc | title=Lilian Brassier en Bleu et Blanc|publisher=Olympique de Marseille|language=fr}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|4|FW}}
|{{sort|Greenwood, Mason|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Mason Greenwood]]}}
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]
|€26,000,000
|18 July 2024
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/mason-greenwood-joins-olympique-de-marseille-from-man-utd|title=Mason Greenwood joins Olympique de Marseille from Man Utd|date=18 July 2024|access-date=18 July 2024|publisher=Manchester United F.C.}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|3|MF}}
|{{sort|Hojbjerg, Pierre-Emile|{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Pierre-Emile Højbjerg]]}}
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
|Loan
|22 July 2024
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.om.fr/en/news/4803/1st-team/89810-pierre-emile-hojbjerg-joins-marseille|title=Pierre-Emile Højbjerg joins Marseille|date=22 July 2024|access-date=22 July 2024|publisher=Olympique de Marseille}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|2|DF}}
|{{sort|Cornelius, Derek|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Derek Cornelius]]}}
|{{fbaicon|SWE}} [[Malmö FF|Malmö]]
|Unknown
|4 August 2024
|<ref>{{cite news | url= https://onefootball.com/en/news/derek-cornelius-joins-marseille-39849141 | title=Derek Cornelius Joins Marseille|publisher=OneFootball|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Out ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
!{{Abbr|Pos.|Position}}
! scope="col" |Player
!Transferred to
! style="width: 80px;" |Fee
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Source
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|4|FW}}
|{{sort|Correa, Joaquin|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Joaquín Correa]]}}
|{{fbaicon|ITA}} [[Inter Milan]]
|Loan return
|{{dts|30 June 2024}}
|
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|3|MF}}
|{{sort|Guendouzi, Matteo|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mattéo Guendouzi]]}}
|{{fbaicon|ITA}} [[SS Lazio|Lazio]]
|€13,000,000{{Cref2|†|group=TR}}
|{{dts|1 July 2024}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://football-italia.net/lazio-purchase-guendouzi-olympique-marseille/|title=Lazio purchase fiery Guendouzi from Marseille ahead of 2024 summer - official|date=20 April 2024|website=Football Italia}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|4|FW}}
|{{sort|Vitinha|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Vitinha (footballer, born March 2000)|Vitinha]]}}
|{{fbaicon|ITA}} [[Genoa CFC|Genoa]]
|€16,000,000{{Cref2|†|group=TR}}
|{{dts|1 July 2024}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gianlucadimarzio.com/it/calciomercato-genoa-vitinha-news-13-giugno-2024|title=Vitinha resta al Genoa: raggiunto l'accordo con l'OM|first=Gianluca Di|last=Marzio|website=Gianluca Di Marzio}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|4|FW}}
|{{sort|Ben Seghir, Salim|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Salim Ben Seghir]]}}
|
|End of contract
|{{dts|1 July 2024}}
|
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|3|MF}}
|{{sort|Gueye, Pape|{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Pape Gueye]]}}
|{{fbaicon|ESP}} [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]]
|End of contract
|{{dts|1 July 2024}}
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://villarrealcf.es/en/pape-gueye-is-a-yellow/ | title=Pape Gueye is a Yellow! |publisher=Villarreal CF |date=5 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|3|MF}}
|{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Iliman Ndiaye]]
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
|Undisclosed
|3 July 2024
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/july/03/everton-/ |date=3 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |title=Everton Sign Ndiaye |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|2|DF}}
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jonathan Clauss]]
|{{fbaicon|FRA}} [[OGC Nice|Nice]]
|€5,000,000
|25 July 2024
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/article/127293/bienvenue-jonathan-clauss.html |date=25 July 2024 |access-date=25 July 2024 |title=Bienvenue Jonathan Clauss |publisher=OGC Nice}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |{{sort|4|FW}}
|{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Ismaïla Sarr]]
|{{fbaicon|ENG}} [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]
|€15,000,000
|1 August 2024
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cpfc.co.uk/news/announcement/crystal-palace-sign-ismaila-sarr/ |date=1 August 2024 |access-date=1 August 2024 |title=Crystal Palace sign Ismaïla Sarr |publisher=Crystal Palace F.C.}}</ref>
|}
;Notes
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc}}
{{Cnote2|†|n=0|group=TR|† Loan transfer made permanent}}
{{Cnote2 End}}

== Friendlies ==
=== Pre-season ===
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|date = 21 July 2024
|time = 18:00 [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]])
|team1 = Marseille {{fbaicon|FRA}}
|score = 0–2
|report = https://www.om.fr/fr/match/4913/match-amical/89459-2024-2025-amical-01-om-nimes
|team2 = {{fbaicon|FRA}} [[Nîmes Olympique|Nîmes]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Ismaël Camara|Camara]] {{goal|41}}
*[[Abdelmalek Amara|Amara]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium = [[La Commanderie]]
|location = [[Marseille]], France
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|date = 24 July 2024
|time = 18:00 [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]])
|team1 = Marseille {{fbaicon|FRA}}
|score = 3–0
|report = https://www.om.fr/fr/match/4913/match-amical/89462-2024-2025-amical-02-om-toulon
|team2 = {{fbaicon|FRA}} [[SC Toulon|Toulon]]
|goals1 =
*[[Geoffrey Kondogbia|Kondogbia]] {{goal|38}}
*[[Amine Harit|Harit]] {{goal|59|pen.}}
*[[Keyliane Abdallah|Abdallah]] {{goal|70}}
|goals2 =
*[[Abdoulaye Diallo (footballer, born January 1992)|Diallo]] {{penmiss}} {{small|78'}}
|stadium = [[La Commanderie]]
|location = [[Marseille]], France
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|date = 27 July 2024
|time = 18:00 [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]])
|team1 = Marseille {{fbaicon|FRA}}
|score = 3–0
|report = https://www.om.fr/fr/match/4913/match-amical/89606-2024-2025-amical-03-om-pau
|team2 = {{fbaicon|FRA}} [[Pau FC|Pau]]
|goals1 =
*[[Mason Greenwood|Greenwood]] {{goal|31}}
*[[Luis Henrique (footballer, born 2001)|Luis Henrique]] {{goal|64}}
*[[Darryl Bakola|Bakola]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[La Commanderie]]
|location = [[Marseille]], France
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|date = 3 August 2024
|time = 15:00 [[British Summer Time|BST]] ([[UTC+01:00|UTC+1]])
|team1 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] {{fbaicon|ENG}}
|score = 2–2
|report = https://www.om.fr/fr/match/4913/match-amical/89633-2024-2025-amical-04-sunderland-om
|team2 = {{fbaicon|FRA}} Marseille
|goals1 =
*[[Dennis Cirkin|Cirkin]] {{goal|51}}
*[[Adil Aouchiche|Aouchiche]] {{goal|83|pen.}}
|goals2 =
*[[Faris Moumbagna|Moumbagna]] {{goal|27}}
*[[Ismaël Koné|Koné]] {{goal|59}}
|stadium = [[Valley Parade]]
|location = [[Bradford]], England
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[Exhibition game#Club football|Friendly]]
|date = 10 August 2024
|time = 17:00 [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]])
|team1 = [[FC Augsburg]] {{fbaicon|GER}}
|score =
|report =
|team2 = {{fbaicon|FRA}} Marseille
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Augsburg Arena]]
|location = [[Augsburg]], Germany
|attendance =
|referee =
|result =
}}

== Competitions ==
=== Overall record ===
{{Fb overview2
|c=2
|c1=[[2024–25 Ligue 1|Ligue 1]] |fm1=18 August 2024 |lm1=May 2025 |sr1=Matchday 1 |fp1= |w1=0 |d1=0 |l1=0 |f1=0 |a1=0
|c2=[[2024–25 Coupe de France|Coupe de France]] |fm2=20–23 December 2024 |lm2= |sr2=Round of 64 |fp2= |w2=0 |d2=0 |l2=0 |f2=0 |a2=0
|u=
|s=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/france/olympique-de-marseille/890/ Soccerway]
}}

=== Ligue 1 ===
{{main|2024–25 Ligue 1}}

==== League table ====
{{2024–25 Ligue 1 table|showteam=OM}}

==== Results summary ====
{{Fb rs |hw=0 |hd=0 |hl=0 |hgf=0 |hga=0 |aw=0 |ad=0 |al=0 |agf=0 |aga=0 }}
{{Fb rs footer |u= |s=[https://ligue1.com/competitions/ligue1mcdonalds?tab=standings Ligue 1] |date=July 2024}}

==== Results by round ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
| updated=
| header=Round
| label1=Ground
| res1=A
| label2=Result
| res2=
| label3=Position
| pos3=
| color_W=green2|text_W=Win
| color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
| color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H=Home|text_A=Away
| color_1=gold|color_2-3=green1|color_4=green2|color_5=blue1|color_6=yellow1|color_16=red2|color_17-18=red1
| source=[https://ligue1.com/competitions/ligue1mcdonalds?tab=standings Ligue 1]
}}

==== Matches ====
The match schedule was released on 21 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footmercato.net/a7244125763055842877-la-lfp-devoile-le-nouveau-calendrier-de-la-ligue-1-edition-2024-2025|title=La LFP dévoile le nouveau calendrier de la Ligue 1 édition 2024-2025|first=Victor|last=Garlan|date=21 June 2024|website=Foot Mercato|language=fr}}</ref>

=== Coupe de France ===
{{main|2024–25 Coupe de France}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Olympique de Marseille seasons}}
{{2024–25 in French football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 Olympique de Marseille season}}
[[Category:Olympique de Marseille seasons]]
[[Category:French football clubs 2024–25 season|Olympique de Marseille]]

Woodie

2024-06-06T14:05:37Z

Hcoder3104: Reverting edit(s) by 162 etc. (talk) to rev. 1193975512 by Hcoder3104: (RW 16.1)

{{wiktionary|woodie}}
'''Woodie''' may refer to:

*Woodie, a [[wooden roller coaster]] with running rails made of flattened steel strips mounted on a laminated wooden track
*[[Ryan Mitchell Wood]], known as "Woodie", rapper
*Woodie, the first [[Fender Amplifiers#Woodie|Fender amplifier]]
*Woodie, slang for a [[penile erection]]
*[[Woodie (car body style)]], a type of car with a rear portion of the bodywork made of wood
*[[Woodie Awards]], a semi-annual awards show on mtvU
*[[Woodie's DIY]], an Irish DIY store chain operated by the Grafton Group
*[[The Woodies]], nickname for longtime Australian tennis doubles partners Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde
*[[Woody (name)]], a list which includes people with the given name Woodie
*A [[wood]] stick, specifically in [[ice hockey stick|ice hockey]] and [[lacrosse stick|lacrosse]]

== See also ==
*[[Wood (disambiguation)]]
*[[Woodies (disambiguation)]]
*[[Woody (disambiguation)]]
*[[Wu Di (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}

Christopher Kalongo

2024-05-23T16:29:53Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{Short description|Canadian soccer player}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Christopher Kalongo
|fullname = Christopher Tinga Kalongo
|image =
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|1|7|mf=y}}
|birth_place = [[Oakville, Ontario]], Canada
|height = {{height|ft=6|in=0}}
|position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]
|currentclub = [[Forge FC]]
|clubnumber = 29
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 = Milton YSC
|youthyears2 =
|youthclubs2 = [[Sigma FC]]
|years1 = 2021
|clubs1 = [[Sigma FC]]
|caps1 = 10
|goals1 = 0
|years2 = 2021–
|clubs2 = [[Forge FC]]
|caps2 = 6
|goals2 = 0
|nationalyears1 =
|nationalteam1 =
|nationalcaps1 =
|nationalgoals1 =
|medaltemplates =
|pcupdate = May 1, 2024
|ntupdate =
}}

'''Christopher Tinga Kalongo''' (born January 7, 2002) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] professional [[association football|soccer]] player who plays as a [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] with [[Forge FC]] in the [[Canadian Premier League]].

==Early life==
Kalongo was born in Canada to a South African mother and a Kenyan father.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/celebrating-black-excellence-christopher-kalongo|title=Celebrating Black Excellence: Christopher Kalongo|date=February 23, 2024|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> He played youth soccer with the Milton Youth SC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-christopher-kalongo/|title=Forge Adds Goalkeeper Chris Kalongo To Developmental Contract|date=September 11, 2021|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref> He later joined the youth system of [[Sigma FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-signs-canadians-jensen-and-kalongo|title=Forge FC Signs Canadians Jensen and Kalongo|date=February 15, 2022|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref>

==Club career==
In 2021, Kalongo played in [[League1 Ontario]] with [[Sigma FC]].<ref name=21l1o>{{Cite web|url=https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/47661455|title=Christopher Kalongo 2021 L1O Stats|work=[[League1 Ontario]]}}</ref>

In September 2021, he joined [[Forge FC]] of the [[Canadian Premier League]] on a developmental contract.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-sign-kalongo-to-a-development-goalkeeper-contract|title=Forge FC Sign Kalongo to a Development Goalkeeper Contract|date=September 11, 2021|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> In February 2022, he signed a standard contract with Forge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onesoccer.ca/a/forge-fc-signs-canadians-jensen-kalongo-adds-four-others-to-roster|title=Forge signs Canadians Jensen, Kalongo, adds four others|date=February 15, 2022|work=[[OneSoccer]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forgefcnews.com/2022/02/15/forge-fc-sign-noah-jensen-and-christopher-kalongo/|title=Forge FC sign Noah Jensen and Christopher Kalongo|date=February 15, 2022|work=Forge FC News|first=Dale|last=Lamontagne}}</ref> He made his debut on April 10, 2022, against [[Pacific FC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/video/recap-pacific-fc-holds-on-late-for-opening-day-win-in-cpl-final-rematch-vs-forge|title=Pacific FC holds on late for opening day win in CPL Final rematch vs. Forge|date=April 10, 2022|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]|first=Alexandre|last=Gangué-Ruzic}}</ref> He won the [[2022 Canadian Premier League final|CPL title]] with Forge in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-re-sign-canadian-goalkeeper-christopher-kalongo|title=Forge FC re-sign Canadian goalkeeper Christopher Kalongo|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> In March 2023, he re-signed with the club for another season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-christopher-kalongo-2023/|title=Christopher Kalongo Returns To Forge|date=March 9, 2023|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref> In October of the same year, he was a part of the Forge squad that won their fourth league title, following a 2–1 victory over [[Cavalry FC]] in the [[2023 Canadian Premier League final|play-off final]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tierney |first=Mitchell |date=October 28, 2023 |title=Highlights & Analysis: Forge wins 2023 North Star Cup, defeating Cavalry to lift fourth playoff crown (Oct. 28, 2023) |url=https://onesoccer.ca/a/highlights-analysis-forge-wins-2023-north-star-cup-defeating-cavalry-to-lift-fourth-playoff-crown-oct-28-2023 |access-date=October 29, 2023 |website=[[OneSoccer]]}}</ref> After [[Triston Henry]] did not return to join the squad for the 2024 season, Kalongo began the 2024 season as the team's starting goalkeeper.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/forget-fc-christopher-kalongo-starter-2024/|title='I Trust My Ability': Kalongo Enjoying Opportunity To Impress As Forge Starter|date=April 25, 2024|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/kalongo-forge-fc-gazdov-pacific-fc-young-canadian-goalkeepers-2024-cpl|title=Young Canadian goalkeepers Kalongo of Forge FC, Pacific’s Gazdov proving to be among the CPL’s best to start 2024|first=Mitchell|last=Tierney|date=May 16, 2024|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> He was named the Canadian Premier League Goalkeeper of the Month in April 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/forge-fcs-chris-kalongo-named-allstate-cpl-goalkeeper-of-the-month-for-april|title=Forge FC’s Chris Kalongo named Allstate CPL Goalkeeper of the Month for April|date=May 3, 2024|work=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/christopher-kalongo-named-cpl-goalkeeper-of-the-month-for-april|title=Christopher Kalongo named CPL Goalkeeper of the Month for April|date=May 3, 2024|work=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
{{updated|May 23, 2024}}<ref>{{Soccerway|christopher-kalongo/781286}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Playoffs
!colspan="2"|Domestic Cup
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division
!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[Sigma FC]]
|[[2021 League1 Ontario season|2021]]<ref name=21l1o />
|[[League1 Ontario]]
|10||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||colspan="2"|–||10||0
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Forge FC]]
|[[2021 Forge FC season|2021]]
|rowspan=4|[[Canadian Premier League]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[2022 Forge FC season|2022]]
|1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|[[2023 Forge FC season|2023]]
|2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|–||2||0
|-
|[[2024 Forge FC season|2024]]
|4||0||0||0||3||0||2||0||9||0
|-
! colspan="2" |'''Total'''
!6!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!2!!0!!12!!0
|-
! colspan="3" |'''Career total'''
!16!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!2!!0!!22!!0
|}

==Honours==
;Forge FC
*[[Canadian Premier League]]: [[2022 Canadian Premier League season|2022]], [[2023 Canadian Premier League season|2023]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Soccerway|christopher-kalongo/781286}}

{{Forge FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalongo, Christopher}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Men's association football goalkeepers]]
[[Category:Canadian men's soccer players]]
[[Category:Forge FC players]]
[[Category:League1 Ontario players]]
[[Category:Canadian Premier League players]]
[[Category:Sigma FC players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Oakville, Ontario]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Kenyan descent]]
[[Category:Canadian people of South African descent]]

2024 Canadian Championship

2024-05-23T11:44:33Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{Short description|Canadian men's soccer tournament}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = Canadian Championship
| year = 2024
| other_titles = '''{{Native name|fr|Championnat canadien 2024}}'''
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = Canada
| date = April 23 – September 25
| venue =
| num_teams = 14 (from 5 leagues)
| defending_champions = {{nowrap|[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]}}
| winners =
| count =
| second =
| continental_cup_title = [[2025 CONCACAF Champions Cup|CONCACAF Champions Cup]]
| continental_cup_qualifiers =
| matches = 12
| goals = 41
| attendance = 70,840
| scoring_leader = [[Deandre Kerr]] (5 goals)
| award_title = [[George Gross Memorial Trophy|{{nowrap|George Gross Memorial Trophy}}]]
| award =
| young_player =
| prev_season = [[2023 Canadian Championship|2023]]
| next_season = ''2025''
| updated = May 21, 2024
}}

The '''2024 Canadian Championship''' ({{Lang-fr|Championnat canadien 2024}}) is the seventeenth edition of the [[Canadian Championship]], the premier men's domestic cup competition in [[Soccer in Canada|Canadian soccer]], and the 23rd competition staged to determine the winner of the [[Voyageurs Cup]]. It features all eleven [[Professional sports|professional]] men's soccer teams in Canada, from [[Major League Soccer]] and the [[Canadian Premier League]], along with the champions of the three [[semi-professional sports|semi-professional]] [[League1 Canada]] competitions. This tournament marks the first Voyageurs Cup campaign for [[CS Saint-Laurent]] and [[Simcoe County Rovers FC]]. [[Victoria Highlanders FC]] had also qualified as the [[League1 British Columbia]] regular season winners but withdrew before the start of the tournament; they were replaced by [[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]].

== Format ==
[[Canadian Soccer Association|Canada Soccer]] announced the competition format on February 22. The tournament consists of four rounds with the quarter-finals and semi-finals being two-legs and the preliminary round and the finals being single legs. The winner of the 2023 Canadian Championship, [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]], and runner-up [[CF Montréal]], both received byes to the quarter-finals. The remaining 12 teams began the competition in the preliminary round starting in April. Hosting privileges up to the semi-finals will be determined based on a three-year Canadian Championship ranking index.<ref name="Canada Soccer Announces Telus Canadian Championship Format">{{Cite web |url=https://canadasoccer.com/news/canada-soccer-announces-2024-telus-canadian-championship-format/ |title=Canada Soccer Announces Telus Canadian Championship Format |work=[[Canadian Soccer Association]] |date=February 22, 2024 |access-date=February 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222161239/https://canadasoccer.com/news/canada-soccer-announces-2024-telus-canadian-championship-format/ |archive-date=February 22, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Fourteen clubs from five leagues to contest Canadian Championship soccer tournament">{{Cite news |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/fourteen-clubs-five-leagues-contest-165546892.html |title=Fourteen clubs from five leagues to contest Canadian Championship soccer tournament |first=Neil |last=Davidson |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=February 22, 2024 |access-date=February 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222170200/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/fourteen-clubs-five-leagues-contest-165546892.html |archive-date=February 22, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

An earlier report suggested that Canada Soccer was reviewing a [[Canadian Premier League]] format proposal that would include a May start date, [[Bye (sports)|byes]] for [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]] (2023 Canadian Championship winners) and [[Forge FC]] (2023 Canadian Premier League champions), and replace the draw with set regional matchups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://truenorthfoot.com/article?id=37 |title=Exclusive: The CPL's proposal to Canada Soccer for the 2024 Canadian Championship |first=Thiago |last=Szwarc |work=TrueNorthFoot |date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=January 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130045157/https://truenorthfoot.com/article?id=37 |archive-date=January 30, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/2024-canadian-championship-cpl-proposal-rumour/ |title=TrueNorthFoot: CPL Pitches CanChamp Format To Canada Soccer |first=John |last=Jacques |work=Northern Tribune |date=January 29, 2024 |access-date=January 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130045408/https://northerntribune.ca/2024-canadian-championship-cpl-proposal-rumour/ |archive-date=January 30, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Teams ===
{{CSS crop
|Location=center |bSize=550 |cWidth=550 |cHeight=235 |oLeft=0 |oTop=230 |Description='''Montreal area clubs:''' [[File:Red pog.svg|7px]] [[CF Montréal]]; [[File:Blue pog.svg|7px]] [[CS Saint-Laurent]] '''Toronto area clubs:''' [[File:Red pog.svg|7px]] [[Toronto FC]]; [[File:Green pog.svg|7px]] [[York United FC|York United]] '''Vancouver area clubs:''' [[File:Red pog.svg|7px]] [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC|Vancouver Whitecaps]]; [[File:Green pog.svg|7px]] [[Vancouver FC]]; [[File:Blue pog.svg|7px]] [[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers]]<hr>
[[File:Green pog.svg|7px]] Canadian Premier League [[File:Red pog.svg|7px]] Major League Soccer [[File:Blue pog.svg|7px]] League1 Canada
|Content=
{{Location map+ |Canada |float=center |width=550 |places=
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=44.4123|long=-79.6611|label=[[Simcoe County Rovers FC|Simcoe County]]|mark=Blue pog.svg|position=left}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=43.2500|long=-79.8667|label=[[Forge FC]]|mark=Green pog.svg|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=51.044270|long=-114.062019|label=[[Cavalry FC]]|mark=Green pog.svg}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat= 45.3982|long=-75.6835|label=[[Atlético Ottawa]]|mark=Green pog.svg|position=top}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat= 45.5623|long=-73.5530|label='''Montréal'''|mark=Black pog.svg|position=right}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=49.276|long=-123.112|label='''Vancouver'''|mark=Black pog.svg|position=top}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=48.443056|long=-123.519444|label=[[Pacific FC]]|mark=Green pog.svg|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=44.651070|long=-63.582687|label=[[HFX Wanderers FC|Halifax Wanderers FC]]|mark=Green pog.svg|position=top}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat= 43.6532 |long=-79.3832 |label='''Toronto'''|mark=Black pog.svg}}
{{Location map~ |Canada |lat=49.8969|long=-97.1564|label=[[Valour FC]]|mark=Green pog.svg}}}}
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!{{Tooltip|Rank|Ranking Index}}
!League
!Team
!Location
!Entry round
!{{Tooltip|App.|Appearance}}
!Previous best (last)
|-
| 1
|rowspan=3|[[Major League Soccer]]
| [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]
| [[Vancouver]], BC
|rowspan=2|Quarter-finals
| 16th
| Winners ([[2023 Canadian Championship|2023]])
|-
| 2
| [[CF Montréal]]
| [[Montreal]], Quebec
| 16th
| Winners ([[2021 Canadian Championship|2021]])
|-
| 3
| [[Toronto FC]]
| [[Toronto]], Ontario
|rowspan=12|Preliminary round
| 17th
| Winners ([[2020 Canadian Championship|2020]])
|-
| 4
|rowspan=8|[[Canadian Premier League]]
| [[Pacific FC]]
| [[Langford, British Columbia|Langford]], BC
| 5th
| Semi-finals ([[2023 Canadian Championship|2023]])
|-
| 5
| [[Forge FC]]
| [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], Ontario
| 6th
| Runners-up ([[2020 Canadian Championship|2020]])
|-
| 6
| [[York United FC]]
| [[Toronto]], Ontario
| 5th
| Semi-finals ([[2022 Canadian Championship|2022]])
|-
| 7
| [[Cavalry FC]]
| [[Foothills County]], Alberta
| 5th
| Semi-finals ([[2019 Canadian Championship|2019]])
|-
| 8
| [[HFX Wanderers FC]]
| [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], Nova Scotia
| 5th
| Quarter-finals ([[2022 Canadian Championship|2022]])
|-
| 9
| [[Atlético Ottawa]]
| [[Ottawa]], Ontario
| 4th
| Quarter-finals ([[2023 Canadian Championship|2023]])
|-
| 10
| [[Valour FC]]
| [[Winnipeg]], Manitoba
| 5th
| Quarter-finals ([[2021 Canadian Championship|2021]])
|-
| 11
| [[Vancouver FC]]
| [[Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)|Langley]], BC
| 2nd
| Preliminary round ([[2023 Canadian Championship|2023]])
|-
| 12
|rowspan=3|[[League1 Canada]] (division champions)
| [[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]]{{efn-la|name=fn1|[[Victoria Highlanders FC]] had qualified for the Canadian Championship as the League1 BC regular season winners. However, on April 8, 2024, the club announced that it had withdrawn from the competition.<ref name="Victoria Highlanders Pull Out Of League1 BC, Canadian Championship">{{Cite web |url=https://northerntribune.ca/victoria-highlanders-fold-league1-bc-canadian-championship/ |title=Victoria Highlanders Pull Out Of League1 BC, Canadian Championship |first=Nelson |last=Mahmoudi |work=Northern Tribune |date=April 9, 2024 |access-date=April 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409191901/https://northerntribune.ca/victoria-highlanders-fold-league1-bc-canadian-championship/ |archive-date=April 9, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Victoria Highlanders pull out of Voyageurs Cup, leaving Canada Soccer with void to fill">{{Cite web |url=https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2024/04/09/victoria-highlanders-pull-out-of-voyageurs-cup/ |title=Victoria Highlanders pull out of Voyageurs Cup, leaving Canada Soccer with void to fill |first=Ben |last=Steiner |work=Canadian Soccer Daily |date=April 9, 2024 |access-date=April 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409191932/https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2024/04/09/victoria-highlanders-pull-out-of-voyageurs-cup/ |archive-date=April 9, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> On April 19, 2024, they were replaced by [[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canadasoccer.com/news/update-to-participation-of-league1-british-columbia-in-the-2024-telus-canadian-championship/ |title=Update to Participation of League1 British Columbia in the 2024 TELUS Canadian Championship |work=Canadian Soccer Association |date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=April 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419173911/https://canadasoccer.com/news/update-to-participation-of-league1-british-columbia-in-the-2024-telus-canadian-championship/ |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} {{small|([[League1 British Columbia|L1BC]])}}
| [[Burnaby, British Columbia|Burnaby]], BC
| 2nd
| Quarter-finals ([[2023 Canadian Championship|2023]])
|-
| 13
| [[CS Saint-Laurent]] {{small|([[Ligue1 Québec|L1Q]])}}
| [[Montreal]], Quebec
| 1st
| —
|-
| 14
| [[Simcoe County Rovers FC]] {{small|([[League1 Ontario|L1O]])}}
| [[Barrie]], Ontario
| 1st
| —
|-
|}

'''Notes'''
{{notelist-la}}

===Ranking Index===
Ahead of this edition of the competition, Canada Soccer created the Canadian Championship Club Ranking Index. The index uses a weighted ranking of the past three years' competitive results in the Canadian Championship. Each professional team receives its own ranking while [[League1 Canada]]'s component leagues each receive a league ranking that is used by their representative team. In the preliminary round, the team with the highest ranking will host the single knockout game; in the quarter and semi-final rounds, the team with the highest ranking will host the second game of the [[two-legged tie]].<ref name="Canada Soccer Announces Telus Canadian Championship Format" /><ref name="Fourteen clubs from five leagues to contest Canadian Championship soccer tournament" />

== Draw ==
Canada Soccer will be conducting two draws to determine the matchups of the tournament: one draw to determine the preliminary round and quarter-final matchups, and another to determine the semi-final and final rounds.<ref name="Draw1">{{cite web|url=https://canpl.ca/article/2024-telus-canadian-championship-format-draw-and-hosting-procedures-announced|title=2024 Telus Canadian Championship format, draw and hosting procedures announced|publisher=[[Canadian Premier League]]|date=22 February 2024|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>

=== First draw ===
The first draw was held on February 23, 2024 and was conducted behind closed doors. Canada Soccer placed each participating team in the following pots. Prior to the main draw, one team from the east pot was randomly drawn to play in the west bracket. They were automatically scheduled to host [[Valour FC]] in the preliminary round due to geographical considerations.<ref name="Draw1"/>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:20%;"| West
! style="width:20%;"| West (non-hosting)
! style="width:20%;"| East
! style="width:20%;"| East (semi-pro)
! style="width:20%;"| Bye
|-
| {{ubl|[[Cavalry FC]]|[[Pacific FC]]|[[Vancouver FC]]}}
| {{ubl|[[Valour FC]]|[[Victoria Highlanders FC]]{{refn|group=n|Victoria Highlanders FC withdrew from the competition on April 8, 2024, after the first draw had been completed. They were replaced by the [[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]].<ref name="Victoria Highlanders Pull Out Of League1 BC, Canadian Championship" /><ref name="Victoria Highlanders pull out of Voyageurs Cup, leaving Canada Soccer with void to fill" />}}}}
| {{ubl|[[Atlético Ottawa]]{{refn|group=n|Moved to West Pot.}}|[[Forge FC]]|[[HFX Wanderers FC]]|[[Toronto FC]]|[[York United FC]]}}
| {{ubl|[[Simcoe County Rovers FC]]|[[CS Saint-Laurent]]}}
| {{ubl|[[CF Montréal]]|[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]}}
|}

'''Notes'''
{{reflist|group=n}}

=== Second draw ===
The second draw will take place on May 29 during halftime of the Pacific FC vs. Atlético Ottawa quarter-final second-leg match.<ref name="Semi-Final draw">{{Cite tweet |author=Canada Soccer |author-link=Canadian Soccer Association |user=CanadaSoccerEN |number=1793056181788749983 |title=Tune in for the Semi-Final draw of the TELUS Canadian Championship on May 29th, conducted live during halftime of the Pacific FC v Atlético Ottawa match, on @OneSoccer! Semi-Final match-ups and pathway to hosting the Voyageurs Cup to be determined. |date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=May 22, 2024}}</ref> It will determine the matchups for the semi-finals and hosting rights for the single-leg final.<ref name="Semi-Final draw"/><ref name="Draw1"/>

== Schedule ==
The preliminary round schedule was announced on March 11;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canadasoccer.com/news/the-2024-telus-canadian-championship-set-to-kick-off-23-april-in-calgary/ |title=The 2024 Telus Canadian Championship set to kick off 23 April in Calgary |work=[[Canadian Soccer Association]] |date=March 11, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311174341/https://canadasoccer.com/news/the-2024-telus-canadian-championship-set-to-kick-off-23-april-in-calgary/ |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> the quarter-final schedule was announced on May 3.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canadasoccer.com/news/quarter-finals-set-for-the-2024-telus-canadian-championship/ |title=Quarter-Finals set for the 2024 TELUS Canadian Championship |work=Canadian Soccer Association |date=May 3, 2024 |access-date=May 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503180719/https://canadasoccer.com/news/quarter-finals-set-for-the-2024-telus-canadian-championship/ |archive-date=May 3, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Round
! Dates
|-
| colspan="2" | Preliminary round
| April 23 – May 2
|-
| rowspan="2" | Quarter-finals
| Leg 1
| May 7–8
|-
| Leg 2
| May 21–29
|-
| rowspan="2" | Semi-finals
| Leg 1
| July 9–10
|-
| Leg 2
| August 27–28
|-
| colspan="2" | Final
| September 24–25
|-
|}

== Bracket ==
<section begin=Bracket />
''For [[two-legged tie|two-legged ties]], the team listed above in the bracket will host the second match.''
{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=4|3rdplace=no|bold_winner=high|skipmatch=1;5|omit_blanks=yes|flex_tree=no|style=font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap|score-boxes=3
| RD1 = {{Ubl|[[2024 Canadian Championship#Preliminary round|Preliminary round]]|''single match''}}
| RD2 = {{Ubl|[[2024 Canadian Championship#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]|''two-legged tie''}}
| RD3 = {{Ubl|[[2024 Canadian Championship#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]|''two-legged tie''}}
| RD4 = {{Ubl|[[2024 Canadian Championship#Final|Final]]|''single match''}}


|[[ATCO Field|Foothills County]], AB|[[Cavalry FC]]||1||[[Vancouver FC]]||0|
|[[Starlight Stadium|Langford]], BC|[[Pacific FC]]|||{{nowrap|1 (5)}}|[[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]]|||1 (4)
|[[TD Place Stadium|Ottawa]], ON|[[Atlético Ottawa]]||7||[[Valour FC]]||0|
|[[Tim Hortons Field|Hamilton]], ON|[[Forge FC]]||3||[[York United FC]]||1|
|[[BMO Field|Toronto (BMO)]], ON|[[Toronto FC]]||5||[[Simcoe County Rovers FC]]||0|
|[[Wanderers Grounds|Halifax]], NS|[[HFX Wanderers FC]]||2 (3)||[[CS Saint-Laurent]]||2 (5)|

|node_function{orphan}|'''[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]] ([[away goals rule|a]])'''|2|0|'''2'''|[[Cavalry FC]]|1|1|2
|node_function{orphan}|[[Pacific FC]]|0| | |[[Atlético Ottawa]]|0| | 
|node_function{orphan}|[[CF Montréal]]|1|1|2|[[Forge FC]]|1|2|3
|node_function{orphan}|[[Toronto FC]]|3|8|11|[[CS Saint-Laurent]]|0|1|1

|| |||| |||
|| |||| |||

|| ||{{0}}||
}}<section end=Bracket />

== Preliminary round ==
=== Summary ===
{{OneLegStart}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Cavalry FC]]'''||[[#Match 1|1–0]]|[[Vancouver FC]]}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Atlético Ottawa]]'''||[[#Match 2|7–0]]|[[Valour FC]]}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Pacific FC]]'''||[[#Match 3|1–1]] {{pso|5–4}}|[[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]]}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Forge FC]]'''||[[#Match 4|3–1]]|[[York United FC]]}}
{{OneLegResult|[[HFX Wanderers FC]]||[[#Match 5|2–2]] {{pso|3–5}}|'''[[CS Saint-Laurent]]'''}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Toronto FC]]'''||[[#Match 6|5–0]]|[[Simcoe County Rovers FC]]}}
|}

=== Matches ===
{{Football box
| id = Match 1
| date = April 23
| time = 7:00 PM [[Mountain Time Zone|MT]]
| score = 1–0
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4799
| team1 = [[Cavalry FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Tobias Warschewski|Warschewski]] {{goal|66}}
| team2 = [[Vancouver FC]]
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[ATCO Field]]
| location = [[Foothills County]], [[Alberta]]
| attendance = 1,946
| referee = Pierre-Luc Lauzière
}}
----
{{Football box
| id = Match 6
| date = April 24
| time = 7:30 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 5–0
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4790
| team1 = [[Toronto FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Prince Owusu (footballer, born January 1997)|Owusu]] {{goal|18}}
*[[Cassius Mailula|Mailula]] {{goal|30}}
*[[Kevin Long (footballer)|Long]] {{goal|33}}
*[[Jonathan Osorio|Osorio]] {{goal|39}}
*[[Tyrese Spicer|Spicer]] {{goal|76}}
| team2 = [[Simcoe County Rovers FC]]
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[BMO Field]]
| location = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]
| attendance = 11,430
| referee = Michael Venne
}}
----
{{Football box
| id = Match 2
| date = May 1
| time = 7:00 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 7–0
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4786
| team1 = [[Atlético Ottawa]]
| goals1 =
*[[Ollie Bassett|Bassett]] {{goal|14|pen.|64}}
*[[Alberto Zapater|Zapater]] {{goal|30||37}}
*[[Rubén del Campo|del Campo]] {{goal|31||69}}
*[[Ballou Tabla|Tabla]] {{goal|63}}
| team2 = [[Valour FC]]
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[TD Place Stadium]]
| location = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]]
| attendance = 2,492
| referee = Scott Bowman
}}
----
{{Football box
| round = ''[[905 Derby]]''
| id = Match 4
| date = May 1
| time = 7:00 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 3–1
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4788
| team1 = [[Forge FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Jordan Hamilton (soccer)|Hamilton]] {{goal|8||40}}
*[[David Choinière|Choinière]] {{goal|17}}
| team2 = [[York United FC]]
| goals2 =
*[[Josué Martínez (footballer, born 2002)|Martínez]] {{goal|87}}
| stadium = [[Tim Hortons Field]]
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]]
| attendance = 2,471
| referee = Ben Hoskins
}}
----
{{Football box
| id = Match 3
| date = May 1
| time = 7:00 PM [[Pacific Time Zone|PT]]
| score = 1–1
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4787
| team1 = [[Pacific FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Reon Moore|Moore]] {{goal|90+8}}
| team2 = [[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]]
| goals2 =
*[[Michael Hennessy (soccer)|Hennessy]] {{goal|75}}
| stadium = [[Starlight Stadium]]
| location = [[Langford, British Columbia|Langford]], [[British Columbia]]
| attendance = 2,161
| referee = Alain Ruch
| penaltyscore = 5–4
| penalties1 =
*[[Ayman Sellouf|Sellouf]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Thomas Meilleur-Giguère|Meilleur-Giguère]] {{penmiss}}
*[[Steffen Yeates|Yeates]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Andrei Tîrcoveanu|Tîrcoveanu]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Kunle Dada-Luke|Dada-Luke]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Cédric Toussaint|Toussaint]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Josh Heard|Heard]] {{pengoal}}
| penalties2 =
*{{pengoal}} [[Matteo Polisi|Polisi]]
*{{penmiss}} [[Kyle Jones (soccer)|Jones]]
*{{penmiss}} [[Devin O'Hea|O'Hea]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Michael Hennessy (soccer)|Hennessy]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Nikolas White|White]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Ali Zohar|Zohar]]
*{{penmiss}} [[Ivan Mejia|Mejia]]
}}
----
{{Football box
| id = Match 5
| date = May 2
| time = 7:00 PM [[Atlantic Time Zone|AT]]
| score = 2–2
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4789
| team1 = [[HFX Wanderers FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Daniel Nimick|Nimick]] {{goal|29|pen.}}
*[[Ryan Telfer|Telfer]] {{goal|83}}
| team2 = [[CS Saint-Laurent]]
| goals2 =
*[[Mamadou Kane (soccer, born 2003)|Kane]] {{goal|33|pen.}}
*[[Loïc Kwemi|Kwemi]] {{goal|65}}
| stadium = [[Wanderers Grounds]]
| location = [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]]
| attendance = 4,588
| referee = Filip Dujic
| penaltyscore = 3–5
| penalties1 =
*[[Daniel Nimick|Nimick]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Lorenzo Callegari|Callegari]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Ryan Telfer|Telfer]] {{pengoal}}
*[[Christian Volesky|Volesky]] {{penmiss}}
| penalties2 =
*{{pengoal}} [[Loïc Kwemi|Kwemi]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Safwane Mlah|Mlah]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Oussema Boughanmi|Boughanmi]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Abdoul Aziz Sakande|Sakande]]
*{{pengoal}} [[Mamadou Kane (soccer, born 2003)|Kane]]
}}

== Quarter-finals ==
=== Summary ===
{{TwoLegStart}}
{{TwoLegResult|[[Cavalry FC]] ||2–2 ([[Away goals rule|a]])|'''[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]''' ||[[#QF1-1|1–2]]|[[#QF1-2|1–0]]}}
{{TwoLegResult|[[Atlético Ottawa]] ||Series 2|[[Pacific FC]] ||[[#QF2-1|0–0]]|[[#QF2-2|May 29]]}}
{{TwoLegResult|'''[[Forge FC]]''' ||3–2|[[CF Montréal]] ||[[#QF3-1|1–1]]|[[#QF3-2|2–1]]}}
{{TwoLegResult|[[CS Saint-Laurent]] ||1–11|'''[[Toronto FC]]''' ||[[#QF14-1|0–3]]|[[#QF4-2|1–8]]}}
|}

===Matches===
{{Football box
| id = QF1-1
| date = May 7
| time = 7:00 PM [[Mountain Time Zone|MT]]
| score = 1–2
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-live/?matchId=4791
| team1 = [[Cavalry FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Malcolm Shaw (footballer)|Shaw]] {{goal|90+3}}
| team2 = [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]
| goals2 =
*[[Levonte Johnson|Johnson]] {{goal|45+2||80}}
| stadium = [[ATCO Field]]
| location = [[Foothills County]], [[Alberta]]
| attendance = 4,084
| referee = Ben Hoskins
}}
{{Football box
| id = QF1-2
| date = May 21
| time = 7:30 PM [[Pacific Time Zone|PT]]
| score = 0–1
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-upcoming/?matchId=4792
| team1 = [[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]
| goals1 =
| team2 = [[Cavalry FC]]
| goals2 =
*[[Ranko Veselinović|Veselinović]] {{goal|32|o.g.}}
| stadium = [[BC Place]]
| location = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]
| attendance = 11,863
| referee = Mathieu Souaré
}}
''2–2 on aggregate. Vancouver Whitecaps FC won on away goals.''
----
{{Football box
| id = QF2-1
| date = May 8
| time = 7:00 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 0–0
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-upcoming/?matchId=4793
| team1 = [[Atlético Ottawa]]
| goals1 =
| team2 = [[Pacific FC]]
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[TD Place Stadium|TD Place]]
| location = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]]
| attendance = 1,977
| referee = Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
}}
{{Football box
| id = QF2-2
| date = May 29
| time = 7:00 PM [[Pacific Time Zone|PT]]
| score =
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-upcoming/?matchId=4794
| team1 = [[Pacific FC]]
| goals1 =
| team2 = [[Atlético Ottawa]]
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Starlight Stadium]]
| location = [[Langford, British Columbia|Langford]], [[British Columbia]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
----
{{Football box
| id = QF3-1
| date = May 7
| time = 11:00 AM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 1–1
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match/?matchId=4795
| team1 = [[Forge FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[David Choinière|Choinière]] {{goal|31}}
| team2 = [[CF Montréal]]
| goals2 =
*[[Bryce Duke|Duke]] {{goal|52}}
| stadium = [[Tim Hortons Field]]
| location = [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ontario]]
| attendance = 14,923
| referee = Renzo Villanueva
}}
{{Football box
| id = QF3-2
| date = May 22
| time = 7:30 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 1–2
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-upcoming/?matchId=4796
| team1 = [[CF Montréal]]
| goals1 =
*[[Victor Wanyama|Wanyama]] {{goal|65}}
| team2 = [[Forge FC]]
| goals2 =
*[[Daniel Parra|Parra]] {{goal|14}}
*[[Kwasi Poku|Poku]] {{goal|24}}
| stadium = [[Saputo Stadium]]
| location = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]
| attendance =
| referee = [[Marie-Soleil Beaudoin]]
}}
----
{{Football box
| id = QF4-1
| date = May 8
| time = 7:00 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 0–3
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-upcoming/?matchId=4797
| team1 = [[CS Saint-Laurent]]
| goals1 =
| team2 = [[Toronto FC]]
| goals2 =
*[[Matty Longstaff|Longstaff]] {{goal|50}}
*[[Deandre Kerr|Kerr]] {{goal|59}}
*[[Federico Bernardeschi|Bernardeschi]] {{goal|76}}
| stadium = [[Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard]]
| location = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]
| attendance = 6,482
| referee = Michael Venne
}}
{{Football box
| id = QF4-2
| date = May 21
| time = 7:00 PM [[Eastern Time Zone|ET]]
| score = 8–1
| report = https://canadasoccer.com/events/championship-match-upcoming/?matchId=4800
| team1 = [[Toronto FC]]
| goals1 =
*[[Deandre Kerr|Kerr]] {{goal|12||14||43||72}}
*[[Cassius Mailula|Mailula]] {{goal|50}}
*[[Derrick Etienne Jr.|Etienne]] {{goal|56|pen.}}
*[[Nathan Goulet|Goulet]] {{goal|62|o.g.}}
*[[Prince Owusu (footballer, born January 1997)|Owusu]] {{goal|80}}
| team2 = [[CS Saint-Laurent]]
| goals2 =
*[[Rickson Aristilde|Aristilde]] {{goal|89}}
| stadium = [[BMO Field]]
| location = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]
| attendance = 9,148
| referee = Yusri Rudolf
}}
''Toronto FC won 11–1 on aggregate.''

== Semi-finals ==
=== Summary ===
{{TwoLegStart}}
{{TwoLegResult|Redrawn team ||Series 5|Redrawn team ||[[#SF1-1|–]]|[[#SF1-2|–]]}}
{{TwoLegResult|Redrawn team ||Series 6|Redrawn team ||[[#SF2-1|–]]|[[#SF2-2|–]]}}
|}

== Final ==

{{Football box
| id = Final
| date = September
| time =
| score =
| report =
| team1 = Winner series 5
| goals1 =
| team2 = Winner series 6
| goals2 =
| stadium = TBD
| location =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}

==Top goalscorers==
{{legend|silver|Team eliminated or did not play in this round.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Rank
!rowspan="2"|Player
!rowspan="2"|Team
!rowspan="2"|Goals
!colspan="10"|By round
|-
!{{abbr|PR|Preliminary round}}
!{{abbr|QF1|Quarter-finals}}
!{{abbr|QF2|Quarter-finals}}
!{{abbr|SF1|Semi-finals}}
!{{abbr|SF2|Semi-finals}}
! {{abbr|F|Final}} 
|-
!|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Deandre Kerr]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
!|5
|||1||4|||||||
|-
!rowspan="8"|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Ollie Bassett]]
|align="left"|[[Atlético Ottawa]]
!rowspan="8"|2
|2|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[David Choinière]]
|align="left"|[[Forge FC]]
|1||1|||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Rubén del Campo]]
|align="left"|[[Atlético Ottawa]]
|2|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Jordan Hamilton (soccer)|Jordan Hamilton]]
|align="left"|[[Forge FC]]
|2|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Levonte Johnson]]
|align="left"|[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]
|bgcolor=silver colspan=1|
|2|||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Cassius Mailula]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|1||||1|||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Prince Owusu (footballer, born January 1997)|Prince Owusu]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|1||||1|||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alberto Zapater]]
|align="left"|[[Atlético Ottawa]]
|2|||||||||||
|-
!rowspan="21"|10
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Rickson Aristilde
|align="left"|[[CS Saint-Laurent]]
!rowspan="21"|1
||||||1||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Bernardeschi]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
||||1||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Bryce Duke]]
|align="left"|[[CF Montreal]]
|bgcolor=silver colspan=1|
||1||||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|HAI}} [[Derrick Etienne Jr.]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|||||1|||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Michael Hennessy
|align="left"|[[TSS FC Rovers|TSS Rovers FC]]
|1||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Mamadou Kane (soccer, born 2003)|Mamadou Kane]]
|align="left"|[[CS Saint-Laurent]]
|1||||||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Loïc Kwemi
|align="left"|[[CS Saint-Laurent]]
|1||||||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Kevin Long (footballer)|Kevin Long]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|1|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Matty Longstaff]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|||1|||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Josué Martínez (footballer, born 2002)|Josué Martínez]]
|align="left"|[[York United FC|York United]]
|1||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|TRI}} [[Reon Moore]]
|align="left"|[[Pacific FC]]
|1|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Daniel Nimick]]
|align="left"|[[HFX Wanderers FC]]
|1||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Jonathan Osorio]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|1|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Daniel Parra]]
|align="left"|[[Forge FC]]
|||||1|||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Kwasi Poku]]
|align="left"|[[Forge FC]]
|||||1|||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|TRI}} [[Malcolm Shaw (footballer)|Malcolm Shaw]]
|align="left"|[[Cavalry FC]]
|||1||||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|TRI}} [[Tyrese Spicer]]
|align="left"|[[Toronto FC]]
|1|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Ballou Tabla]]
|align="left"|[[Atlético Ottawa]]
|1|||||||||||
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|TRI}} [[Ryan Telfer]]
|align="left"|[[HFX Wanderers FC]]
|1||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Victor Wanyama]]
|align="left"|[[CF Montreal]]
|bgcolor=silver colspan=1|
|||1||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Tobias Warschewski]]
|align="left"|[[Cavalry FC]]
|1||||||bgcolor=silver colspan=5|
|-
|}
===Own goals===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Own Goals
!rowspan="2"|Player
!rowspan="2"|Team
!colspan="10"|By round
|-
!{{abbr|PR|Preliminary round}}
!{{abbr|QF1|Quarter-finals}}
!{{abbr|QF2|Quarter-finals}}
!{{abbr|SF1|Semi-finals}}
!{{abbr|SF2|Semi-finals}}
! {{abbr|F|Final}} 
|-
!rowspan="2"|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} Nathan Goulet
|align="left"|[[CS Saint-Laurent]]
|||||1||bgcolor=silver colspan=3|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|SER}} [[Ranko Veselinović]]
|align="left"|[[Vancouver Whitecaps FC]]
|bgcolor=silver colspan=1|
|||1|||||||
|-
|}

===Sending offs===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!No.!!Date!!Player!!Club!!Offense
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"|1
| April 23
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Shamit Shome]]
| [[Cavalry FC]]
| Serious foul play
|-
| May 21
| {{flagicon|TUN}} [[Oussema Boughanmi]]
| [[CS Saint-Laurent]]
| Serious foul play
|}
{{notelist}}

== Broadcasting rights ==
[[OneSoccer]], a Canadian [[Streaming media|video streaming service]] owned by [[Mediapro]], had been the Canadian Championship's broadcaster in recent editions of the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://onesoccer.ca/a/important-information-about-your-one-soccer-subscription-in-2023-and-beyond |title=Important information about your OneSoccer subscription in 2023 and beyond |work=[[OneSoccer]] |date=March 23, 2023 |access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Why a government ruling means OneSoccer could soon become a TV channel">{{Cite web |url=https://canadiansoccerdaily.com/2023/03/24/why-a-government-ruling-means-onesoccer-could-soon-become-a-traditional-tv-channel/ |title=Why a government ruling means OneSoccer could soon become a TV channel |first=Tom |last=Nightingale |website=Canadian Soccer Daily |publisher=Fresh Press Media |date=March 24, 2023 |access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref> This status was put into doubt on January 25, 2024 when Canadian Soccer Business launched legal action against Mediapro, taking back the broadcast rights of several properties including the Canadian Championship.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tsn.ca/canadian-soccer-business-launches-legal-action-against-media-partner-mediapro-1.2067732 |title=Canadian Soccer Business launches legal action against media partner Mediapro |first=Neil |last=Davidson |work=[[The Sports Network|TSN]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=January 25, 2024 |access-date=January 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126065721/https://www.tsn.ca/canadian-soccer-business-launches-legal-action-against-media-partner-mediapro-1.2067732 |archive-date=January 26, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, on April 2, OneSoccer began promoting a "2024 Season Pass" that included "exclusive access" to the Canadian Championship, suggesting a breakthrough had been reached.<ref name="Broadcast future for Canadian soccer appears brighter with CSB, Mediapro nearing deal">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/canadian-soccer-business-media-partner-dispute-resolution-1.7162294 |title=Broadcast future for Canadian soccer appears brighter with CSB, Mediapro nearing deal |first=Neil |last=Davidson |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |work=[[CBC Sports]] |date=April 3, 2024 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408195550/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/canadian-soccer-business-media-partner-dispute-resolution-1.7162294 |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> The following day, Canadian Soccer Business issued a statement saying that they and Mediapro were "are on a positive path toward resolving our differences and expect to come to a finalized agreement in the near future."<ref name="Broadcast future for Canadian soccer appears brighter with CSB, Mediapro nearing deal" />

{| class="wikitable"
!Country
!Broadcaster
!Ref.
|-
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|[[OneSoccer]]
|<ref name="Broadcast future for Canadian soccer appears brighter with CSB, Mediapro nearing deal" />
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://canadasoccer.com/events/canadian-championship/ Canadian Championship] at [[Canada Soccer]]

{{Canadian Championship}}
{{2024 in Canadian soccer}}
{{2023–24 in North and Central America, and Caribbean football (CONCACAF)}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Canadian Championship, 2024}}
[[Category:Canadian Soccer Championship seasons|2024]]
[[Category:2024 in Canadian soccer]]
[[Category:2024 North American domestic association football cups]]
[[Category:2024 domestic association football cups]]
[[Category:Current association football seasons]]

Éclair

2024-05-06T22:27:12Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{short description|Cream-filled pastry}}
{{other uses|Éclair (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect|Chocolate Eclair|the Canadian drama film|Chocolate Eclair (film){{!}}''Chocolate Eclair'' (film)}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Éclair
| image = File:Eclairs at Fauchon in Paris.jpg
| caption = Éclairs at [[Fauchon]] in [[Paris]]
| image_alt = Éclairs at [[Fauchon]] in [[Paris]]
| alternate_name =
| country = [[France]]
| national_cuisine = [[French cuisine]]
| year =
| type = [[Pastry]]
| course =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Choux pastry]], flavoured cream filling, [[Icing (food)|icing]]
| minor_ingredient =
| variations =
| calories =
| protein =
| fat =
| carbohydrate =
| glycemic_index =
| similar_dish =
| other =
}}

[[File:Eclair 1120005560.jpg|thumb|right|A classic éclair]]
An '''éclair''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|ɪ|ˈ|k|l|ɛər|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-éclair.wav}} {{respell|ih|KLAIR}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=eclair|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/eclair|url-status=live|website=[[Oxford Learner's Dictionary]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619025953/http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com:80/definition/english/eclair |archive-date=2014-06-19 }}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|eɪ|ˈ|k|l|ɛər}} {{respell|ay|KLAIR}},<ref>{{Cite web|title=éclair|url=https://www.macmillandictionary.com/pronunciation/british/eclair|url-status=live|website=[[Macmillan Education|Macmillan Dictionary]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130010708/http://www.macmillandictionary.com:80/pronunciation/british/eclair |archive-date=2013-11-30 }}</ref> {{IPA-fr|eklɛːʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Aemines3-éclair.wav}}; {{lit|lightning}}) is a [[pastry]] made with [[choux pastry|choux]] dough filled with a cream and topped with a flavored icing. The dough, which is the same as that used for [[profiterole]], is typically piped into an oblong shape with a [[pastry bag]] and baked until it is crisp and hollow inside. Once cool, the pastry is filled with [[custard]] ({{lang|fr|crème pâtissière}}), [[whipped cream]] or [[chiboust cream]], then iced with [[fondant icing]].<ref name="Encyclopedia1">[[Prosper Montagné|Montagné, Prosper]], ''[[Larousse gastronomique]]: the new American edition of the world's greatest culinary encyclopedia'', Jenifer Harvey Lang, ed., New York: Crown Publishers, 1988, p. 401 {{ISBN|978-0-517-57032-6}}</ref> Other fillings include [[pistachio]]- and [[rum]]-flavoured custard, [[fruit]]-flavoured fillings, or [[chestnut]] purée. The icing is sometimes [[caramel]], in which case the dessert may be called a '''{{lang|fr|bâton de Jacob}}'''<ref name="Larousse365">{{Harv|Montagné|1961|loc=Éclair|p=365}}</ref> ({{lit|[[Jacob's staff]]}}). A similar pastry in a round rather than oblong shape is called a [[religieuse]].

==Etymology==
[[File:0 Frameries - Boulangerie-pâtisserie Godefroid (8).JPG|thumb|right|Bakers in [[Belgium]] using a machine to make éclairs]]
The word comes from the French {{Lang|fr|éclair}}, meaning 'flash of lightning', so named because it is eaten quickly (in a flash);<ref>[http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/academie8/%C3%A9clair Éclair] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213029/http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/academie8/%C3%A9clair |date=2014-01-04 }}, [[Dictionnaire de l'Académie française]], 8th edition</ref> however some believe that the name is due to the glistening of the frosting resembling lightning.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lexicolatry.com/2015/05/eclair-why-is-it-named-after-lightning.html |title=Éclair - Why is It Named After Lightning? |website=www.lexicolatry.com |access-date=1 April 2022}}</ref>

==History==
The éclair originated during the nineteenth century in [[Lyon]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-10 |title=Les éclairs : leur histoire et leur fabrication chez MBC |url=https://www.ma-boulangerie-cafe.fr/2021/05/10/les-%C3%A9clairs-leur-histoire-et-leur-fabrication-chez-mbc/ |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Boulangerie Pâtisserie artisanale |language=fr-FR}}</ref> France where it was called {{lang|fr|pain à la Duchesse}}<ref>{{Harv|Gouffé|1873|p=288}}</ref> ('Duchess-style bread') or {{lang|fr|petite duchesse}} ('little duchess') until 1850.<ref>{{Harv|Montagné|1961|loc=Duchesses|p=357}}</ref> The word is first attested both in English and in French in the 1860s.<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], 1861. [[Petit Larousse]], 1863.</ref><ref>{{harv|Gouffé|1873|p=288}} "On a changé, depuis une vingtaine d'années, le nom de ces gâteaux [pains à la duchesse] : on les désigne actuellement sous le nom d'''éclairs''."</ref>

==North America==
[[Dunkin' Donuts]] markets [[Long John (doughnut)|Long John doughnuts]] as eclairs in the United States, while [[Tim Hortons]] and [[Country Style]] do so in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dunkindonuts.com/en/menu/donuts/product-donuts-id1001201|title=Dunkin Donuts Menu|website=dunkindonuts.com}}</ref>
National Eclair Day is celebrated on June 22 in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.courant.com/ctnow/food-drink/hc-ctnow-national-eclair-day-20220622-iedtp44c5ffp5fiqyh43zkfhky-story.html|title=Eclairs with a twist: Visit these Greater Hartford bakeries on National Eclair Day|website=Hartford Courant|date= 22 June 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|France|Food}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[French cuisine]]
* [[List of choux pastry dishes]]
* [[List of custard desserts]]
* [[List of French desserts]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |first=Jules |last=Gouffé |title=Le livre de pâtisserie |year= 1873 |url=http://gallica2.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k107860n |chapter= Deuxième Partie, Chapitre IX, "Pains à la duchesse au café"}}
* {{cite book |first=Prosper |last=Montagné |title=Larousse Gastronomique, The Encyclopedia of Wine, Food & Cookery (English translation) |year= 1961}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Éclairs}}
{{wikisourcelang|fr|Le Livre de Pâtisserie/Deuxième Partie/Chapitre IX#Pains à la duchesse au café|Pains à la duchesse (éclair) au café}}
* [https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodpies.html#eclairs A brief éclair history]

{{Pastries}}
{{Chocolate desserts}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eclair}}
[[Category:Albanian cuisine]]
[[Category:Belgian cuisine]]
[[Category:Custard desserts]]
[[Category:French pastries]]
[[Category:Choux pastry]]
[[Category:Chocolate-covered foods]]
[[Category:Doughnuts]]
[[Category:Stuffed desserts]]
[[Category:French cakes]]

Canadian Pacific Kansas City

2024-05-03T16:12:00Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{Short description|Class I North American railroad}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=April 2023}}
{{redirect|CPKC|the women's soccer stadium|CPKC Stadium}}
{{Infobox rail
|railroad_name=Canadian Pacific Kansas City
|logo= CPKC Wordmark.svg
|locale=Canada, Mexico and United States
|start_year={{Start date and age|2023|04|14}}
|end_year=present
|predecessor_line={{ubl|[[Canadian Pacific Railway]]|[[Kansas City Southern (company)|Kansas City Southern]]}}
|gauge={{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
|length={{Cvt|20000|mi|km|order=flip}}
|website={{URL|https://cpkcr.com}}
|system_map=CP KCS Overview Map.jpg|map_alt=Map showing two former Class I railroads combined, CP and KCS, which is now CPKC|map_caption=CPKC system map, showing CP tracks in red and KCS in black. Does not include [[trackage rights]].
|parent_company=Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited
| logo = Canadian Pacific Kansas City logo 2023.png
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_caption = The CPKC shield, featuring a [[beaver]] and [[maple leaf]], both national symbols of Canada. The initials of the three preceding railroads are also visible.
| trade_name = CPKC
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{Plainlist|
*{{Toronto Stock Exchange|CP}}
*{{New York Stock Exchange|CP}}
*[[S&P/TSX 60|S&P/TSX 60 component]]
}}
| predecessors = {{ubl|[[Canadian Pacific Railway]]|[[Kansas City Southern (company)|Kansas City Southern]]}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|2023|04|14}}
| industry = [[Rail transport]]
| hq_location_city = [[Calgary]], Alberta
| hq_location_country = [[Canada]]
| areas_served = {{Plainlist|
*Canada
*United States
*Mexico
}}
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
*[[Keith Creel]] ([[president (corporate title)|President]] and [[CEO]])
*Isabelle Courville ([[Chairperson|Chair]])
}}
| num_employees = 20,000
}}

'''Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited''', [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''CPKC''', is a [[Class I railroad]] in North America that resulted from the [[Mergers and acquisitions|merger]] of [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CP) and [[Kansas City Southern (company)|Kansas City Southern]] (KCS) on April 14, 2023. It is the first and currently the only single-line railway connecting Canada, Mexico, and the United States, operating approximately {{convert|20000|mi|km|order=flip}} of rail across the three countries. CPKC is headquartered in [[Calgary]] and led by [[Keith Creel]] as President and CEO.

== History ==
[[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CP) announced on March 21, 2021, that it was planning to purchase [[Kansas City Southern (company)|Kansas City Southern]] (KCS) for US$29 billion. A competing offer was made by [[Canadian National Railway]] (CN) on April 20, 2021, at $33.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 20, 2021 |title=CN steps up with $33B offer for Kansas City Southern, besting CP's $25B bid |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/cp-cn-ks-railway-1.5994312}}</ref> CN's merger attempt was blocked by a ruling of the US [[Surface Transportation Board]] (STB) in August 2021 that the company could not use a voting trust to assume control of KCS, due to concerns about potentially reduced competition in the railroad industry.<ref name="CNBC 2021">{{Cite news |date=September 12, 2021 |title=Kansas City Southern picks Canadian Pacific's $31 billion bid for railroad |language=en |work=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/12/kansas-city-southern-picks-canadian-pacific-31-billion-bid-for-railroad.html |access-date=September 13, 2021}}</ref>

On September 12, 2021, KCS accepted a new $31 billion offer from CP. Three days later, KCS confirmed that it had terminated its agreement with CN and would support CP's revised offer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-kansas-city-southern-formally-scraps-cn-takeover-agreement-backs-rival/|title=Kansas City Southern formally scraps CN takeover agreement, backs rival CP offer|first=Eric|last=Atkins|work=[[The Globe and Mail]]|date=September 15, 2021|access-date=September 24, 2021}}</ref> KCS's shareholders voted to approve the merger on December 10, 2021. Though CP's offer was lower than the offer made by CN, the STB permitted CP to use a voting trust to take control of KCS, as the deal did not have the same anti-competitive issues.<ref name="CNBC 2021" /> The voting trust allowed CP to become the beneficial owner of KCS in December 2021, but the two railroads operated independently until receiving approval for a merger of operations from the STB.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaberline |first=Brian |date=March 16, 2021 |title=Regulator orders pause in consideration of Canadian Pacific-KC Southern merger |work=[[Kansas City Business Journal]] |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2022/03/16/us-regulator-pauses-canadian-pacific-proceedings.html |access-date=July 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnWkLYm4FVU |title=The great train takeover |date=May 2, 2022 |type=Video |language=en |access-date=July 4, 2022 |work=[[Financial Tribune]]}}</ref>

[[Keith Creel]], President and CEO of CP and future CEO of the merged company, chose the name for the new company as a way to honor the long history of the two companies.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=September 20, 2021 |title=CP CEO Keith Creel talks historic KCS merger, CPKC name, operations |language=en-US |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/cp-ceo-keith-creel-talks-historic-kcs-merger-cpkc-name-operations/ |access-date=March 31, 2024}}</ref>

[[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]] and [[BNSF Railway]] filed objections to the merger during hearings before the STB, where the two companies were concerned about CPKC's projected increase in traffic over the next few years and the impact of that increase on UP owned tracks that run through the [[Houston]] area (Houston, West Belt, East Belt, Beaumont, Harrisburg and [[Glidden Subdivision|Glidden]] Subdivisions), where both UP and BNSF operate a large amount of daily traffic. CPKC has [[trackage rights]] from [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]] to [[Rosenberg, Texas|Rosenberg]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=October 25, 2022 |title=CP and KCS defend merger, rebut claims of critics including other Class I lines and Metra |language=en-US |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/cp-and-kcs-defend-merger-rebut-claims-of-critics-including-other-class-is-and-metra/ |access-date=September 7, 2023}}</ref> CP and KCS defended their proposed merger during the hearings, arguing that Houston has sufficient capacity to support the projected increase in traffic. Along those lines, Keith Creel, argued during the hearings that at the west end of Englewood Yard, receiving and departure tracks can be lengthened to accommodate longer trains. UP disputed in part the arguments presented by CP, saying that although they have a yard expansion project, it could not proceed until the previous environmental problems were solved, due to the fact that the area around Englewood is contaminated with [[creosote]] (Decades ago, [[Southern Pacific Railroad|Southern Pacific]] operated a facility in Englewood for the creosote treatment of [[railroad tie]]s, and accidental spills of creosote caused severe contamination in the neighborhoods surrounding the yard). The STB suggested, to mediate between the disputing parties, the possibility that, pending approval of the merger, KCS apply to UP for trackage rights from [[Texarkana, Arkansas|Texarkana]] to [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]], via [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]] and [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] to reroute some of its north-south traffic through there, bypassing Houston.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=October 25, 2022 |title=Union Pacific: Video of KCS train misled federal regulators about Houston terminal |language=en-US |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/union-pacific-video-of-kcs-train-misled-federal-regulators-about-houston-terminal/ |access-date=August 8, 2023}}</ref>

The two companies demanded that CPKC perform construction work on new sidings on both the lines that meet in the Houston area and on Brownsville Subdivision between [[Placedo, Texas|Placedo]] and [[Robstown, Texas|Robstown]], near [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]], where CPKC trains leave the UP tracks in South Texas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=July 14, 2022 |title=BNSF claims CP-KCS merger will throw Houston terminal into gridlock |language=en-US |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/bnsf-claims-cp-kcs-merger-will-throw-houston-terminal-into-gridlock/|access-date=December 28, 2023}}</ref>

[[Metra]] also opposed the merger, along with a group of West suburban Chicago communities ([[DuPage County]], [[Bartlett, Illinois|Bartlett]], [[Bensenville, Illinois|Bensenville]], [[Elgin, Illinois|Elgin]], [[Itasca, Illinois|Itasca]], [[Hanover Park, Illinois|Hanover Park]], [[Roselle, Illinois|Roselle]], [[Wood Dale, Illinois|Wood Dale]] and [[Schaumburg, Illinois|Schaumburg]]) on the [[Milwaukee District West Line|Milwaukee West Line]], arguing that the projected increase in traffic would bring delays in the provision of Metra's passenger rail service, as well as a decrease in the quality of life and the negative consequences on economic development in the communities located along the line.<ref>https://www.stopcpkc.com/</ref><ref>https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/metra-opposes-cp-kcs-merger-in-regulatory-filing/</ref>

Despite all the objections raised at the hearings, the final approval of the merger came on March 15, 2023, and the merger was completed on April 14, 2023.<ref name="Reynolds 2023">{{Cite news |last=Reynolds |first=Christopher |date=April 14, 2023 |title=CP Rail, Kansas City Southern merger clears path for more cargo, but hitches remain |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/kansas-canadian-pacific-railway-1.6810695 |access-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chokshi |first1=Niraj |last2=Walker |first2=Mark |date=March 15, 2023 |title=U.S. Approves $31 Billion Merger of Two Big Railroads |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/15/business/canadian-pacific-kansas-city-southern-merger.html |access-date=April 21, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/metra-opposes-cp-kcs-merger-in-regulatory-filing/</ref>

[[File:GE AC4400CW KCSdeM 4567.jpg|thumb|200px|CPKC #4567, a GE AC4400CW still in the gray scheme of KCS de Mexico, a scheme inherited from Transportadora Ferroviaria Mexicana (TFM), predecessor of KCSdeM.|left]]

[[File:CPKC meet-up.jpg|thumb|200px|Two CPKC unit trains, one grain and another crude oil, meet up at [[Siloam Springs]], Arkansas - with locomotives from both preceding railroads.|left]]

The merger created the first and only single-line railway connecting Canada, the U.S. and Mexico with an approximately {{Convert|20000|mi|km|abbr=out|adj=on|order=flip}} network.<ref name="Railway Age 2023">{{Cite web |last= |date=April 17, 2023 |title=CPKC Drives Ceremonial Final Spike, Joining Three Nations |url=https://www.railwayage.com/freight/class-i/cpkc-drives-ceremonial-final-spike/ |access-date=April 21, 2023 |website=[[Railway Age]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Fully integrating the two railroads is expected to take up to three years.<ref name="Railway Age 2023" />

Seven days after the merger, the company announced that it had landed its first major contract, handling [[Schneider National]] intermodal traffic between the U.S. and Mexico. On April 25, it signed a similar agreement with [[Knight-Swift]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Luczak |first=Marybeth |date=April 25, 2023 |title=CPKC, Knight-Swift Team on Truckload Intermodal Service |language=en-US |work=[[Railway Age]] |url=https://www.railwayage.com/intermodal/cpkc-knight-swift-team-on-truckload-intermodal-service/ |access-date=April 27, 2023}}</ref> The announcement was seen as backing up pre-merger projections that CPKC's single-line service would enable it to compete in the Chicago–Mexico corridor that had been dominated by the Union Pacific and BNSF.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=April 21, 2023 |title=CPKC to handle Schneider's cross-border intermodal shipments between the Midwest and Mexico |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/cpkc-to-handle-schneiders-cross-border-intermodal-shipments-between-the-midwest-and-mexico/ |access-date=April 21, 2023}}</ref> In response, on April 24, Union Pacific responded by announcing a partnership with [[Canadian National Railway]] and [[Grupo México]] (owner of [[Ferromex]] and [[Ferrosur]]) to work together to accelerate the exchange of intermodal traffic between Mexico and Chicago or further north into Canada.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Funk |first=Josh |date=April 24, 2023 |title=3 railroads join up to compete with CPKC to serve Mexico |language=en |work=[[ABC News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/3-railroads-join-compete-cpkc-serve-mexico-98814126 |access-date=April 27, 2023}}</ref>

[[File:CPKC Train 181 at Gentry, AR - January 14, 2024.jpg|thumb|200px|CPKC Train I181 (Northbound) at [[Gentry, Arkansas]].|left]]

On May 14, 2023, CPKC launched its new service "Mexico Midwest Express (MMX)", numbered I180 and I181, which is mainly oriented to intermodal and automobile transportation, and also provides an approximate travel time of 98 hours between Chicago and Kansas City to [[Monterrey]] and [[San Luis Potosi]], shorter travel times than those offered by the "Falcon Premium" service of UP, CN and Grupo México.<ref>https://www.railwayage.com/intermodal/cpkc-launches-mexico-midwest-express-intermodal-service</ref> Previously, and as part of preparatory moves for the day after the merger, CP and KCS launched a series of test interline services between the [[Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán|Lázaro Cárdenas]] Port in the [[Michoacán]] Mexican state, and the [[Bensenville Yard]] in Chicago.<ref>https://www.railwayage.com/intermodal/cp-first-lazaro-cardenas-chicago-interline-service-trip/</ref>

On June 28, 2023, CPKC announced the intent to jointly acquire with [[CSX Transportation]] the [[Meridian and Bigbee Railroad]] (MNBR). The MNBR creates a connection {{convert|168|mi}} between CSX in [[Montgomery, Alabama]] and [[Meridian, Mississippi]], where it joins the [[Meridian Speedway]] westbound. Under the proposed agreement, CPKC would acquire the {{convert|50.4|mi}} segment of the line between Meridian and [[Myrtlewood, Alabama]], so-called Western Line, while CSX will resume operations on the so-called Eastern Line, between Myrtlewood and Montgomery, terminating the lease currently in place with MNBR. MNBR will cease operating between Myrtlewood and Montgomery, although it may continue to operate between Meridian and Myrtlewood and serve existing customers on that segment of the line.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2023 |title=STB sets schedules to consider CPKC, CSX plan to acquire G&W short line |url=https://www.progressiverailroading.com/federal_legislation_regulation/news/STB-sets-schedules-to-consider-CPKC-CSX-plan-to-acquire-GW-short-line--70587|access-date=December 20, 2023 |website=Progressive Railroading |language=en}}</ref> If approved by the STB, this would provide a direct connection between the two companies. In compensation, MNBR owner [[Genesee & Wyoming]] would receive CPKC properties in [[Alberta]] along with rights on CPKC lines.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=June 28, 2023 |title=CPKC and CSX to create direct interchange via G&W short line in Alabama |language=en-US |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/cpkc-and-csx-to-create-direct-interchange-via-gw-short-line-in-alabama/ |access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref> The connection through the MNBR line will allow CSX traffic destined for Mexico to be delivered directly to CPKC, eliminating the need for a third intermediary railroad to move such traffic. Currently, CSX traffic bound for Mexico is exchanged with the Union Pacific in [[New Orleans]], who then takes it to the cross-border gateway in [[Laredo, Texas]], where it is delivered to CPKC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=July 10, 2023 |title=CPKC-CSX deal over Meridian & Bigbee shortcut finally realizes Mike Haverty's vision: Analysis |language=en-US |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/cpkc-csx-deal-over-meridian-bigbee-shortcut-finally-realizes-mike-havertys-vision-analysis/ |access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref>

On April 24, 2024, as part of the company's first anniversary celebrations, the Steam locomotive [[Canadian Pacific 2816|CPR #2816]] known as "The Empress" was launched on a historic transnational tour that will travel most of CPKC's network from Calgary, ending June 25 in [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-10 |title=CPKC Announces Schedule For 2816 ‘Final Spike’ Tour |url=https://railfan.com/cpkc-announces-schedule-for-2816-final-spike-tour/ |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.railfan.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-26 |title=Final Spike Anniversary Steam Tour |url=https://www.cpkcr.com/en/community/final-spike-steam-train |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=www.railfan.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Operations ==
CPKC operates approximately {{convert|20000|mi|km|order=flip}} of rail across Canada, Mexico and the United States.<ref name="Railway Age 2023" /> As of April 2023, CPKC has around 20,000 employees.<ref name="Railway Age 2023" /> CPKC has its global headquarters in [[Calgary]], Alberta Canada with its U.S headquarters in [[Kansas City, Missouri]], and its Mexico headquarters in [[Mexico City]] and [[Monterrey]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hyatt |first=Kim |date=March 21, 2021 |title=Minneapolis no longer Canadian Pacific's U.S. headquarters in $25B deal |work=[[Star Tribune]] |url=https://www.startribune.com/minneapolis-no-longer-canadian-pacific-s-u-s-headquarters-in-25b-deal/600036971/?refresh=true |access-date=April 21, 2023}}</ref>

Company executives said that merging CP and KCS would be "straightforward" because the railroads only touch at Kansas City, and interchange volumes were relatively low, with about four trains per day as of September 2021. They also cited that the two companies largely used the same back-office information technology systems.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Bill |date=September 20, 2021 |title=CP CEO Keith Creel talks historic KCS merger, CPKC name, operations |work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/cp-ceo-keith-creel-talks-historic-kcs-merger-cpkc-name-operations/ |access-date=April 21, 2023}}</ref>

The railroad maintains its own police force, the [[Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police]].

== Sponsorships ==
CPKC inherited and renewed CP's existing sponsorship of the [[Canadian Women's Open]] golf tournament in July 2023, extending it through 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Pacific Kansas City extends sponsorship of LPGA's Canadian Women's Open |url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/golf/canadian-pacific-kansas-city-extends-sponsorship-of-lpgas-canadian-womens-open/ |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Sportsnet.ca |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2023, CPKC and the [[Kansas City Current]] of the [[National Women's Soccer League]] announced a 10-year naming rights deal for the [[CPKC Stadium|Current's new stadium]] in [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]], the first stadium ever constructed specifically for a professional [[women's sports]] team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-19 |title=Kansas City Current and CPKC Announce Historic Stadium Naming Rights Agreement - Kansas City Current |url=https://www.kansascitycurrent.com/news/kansas-city-current-and-cpkc-announce-historic-stadium-namin |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.kansascitycurrent.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-19 |title=Kansas City Current and CPKC Announce Historic Stadium Naming Rights Agreement |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/kansas-city-current-cpkc-announce-163000211.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

{{North America Class I}}

[[Category:Canadian Pacific Kansas City| ]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Canada]]
[[Category:Railway companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Mexico]]
[[Category:Companies based in Calgary]]
[[Category:History of transport in Canada]]
[[Category:Class I railroads in North America]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 2023]]
[[Category:Dual-listed companies]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Canada]]

Salt Lake City

2024-04-24T18:51:42Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{Short description|State capital and largest city of Utah, United States}}
{{About|the capital of Utah}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salt Lake City
| official_name = City of Salt Lake City<ref>{{cite web|date=June 2019|url=https://www.sterlingcodifiers.com/codebook/index.php?book_id=672|quote=This City Code of the City of Salt Lake City, as supplemented, contains ordinances up to and including Ordinance 32–19, passed June 11, 2019.|title=Salt Lake City, Utah City Code|access-date=October 25, 2019|publisher=Sterling Codifiers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722205745/https://www.sterlingcodifiers.com/codebook/index.php?book_id=672|archive-date=July 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
| settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/3/2/1
| total_width = 280
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Salt Lake City, August 2012 (7707261420) (cropped).jpg
| caption1 = Skyline of [[Downtown Salt Lake City]]
| image2 = Salt Lake Union Pacific Railroad Station, South Temple at 400 West, Central City West, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.jpg
| caption2 = [[Salt Lake City Union Pacific Depot|Union Pacific Depot]]
| image3 = Presidents Circle .jpg
| caption3 = [[University of Utah]]
| image4 = Salt Lake City, Utah (2021) - 079.jpg
| caption4 = [[Church Office Building]]
| image5 = Red Line train at Fashion Place West - panoramio.jpg
| caption5 = [[TRAX Light Rail|TRAX light rail system]]
| image6 = 2019 Salt Lake Temple 01.jpg
| caption6 = [[Salt Lake Temple]]
| image7 = Salt Lake City, Utah (2021) - 197.jpg
| caption7 = [[Salt Lake City and County Building|City and County Building]]
| image8 = Delta Center 2023.jpg
| caption8 = [[Delta Center]]
| image9 = Front view of State Capitol Building.jpg
| caption9 = [[Utah State Capitol]]
}}
| imagesize = 290px
| image_flag = Flag of Salt Lake City (2020).svg
| image_seal = Seal utah.png
| nickname = "The Crossroads of the West"
| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=260|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|stroke-width=2|zoom=9|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|fill=#808080|title=Salt Lake City|id=Q23337|fill-opacity=0.4|frame-coordinates={{Coord|40.770833|-111.921111}}}}
| map_caption = Interactive map of Salt Lake City
| pushpin_map = Utah#USA
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|40|45|39|N|111|53|28|W|region:US-UT_type:city(200,000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Utah|County]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Utah}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Salt Lake County, Utah|Salt Lake]]
| named_for = [[Great Salt Lake]]
| established_title = [[Plat]]ted
| established_date = {{start date|1857|}}<ref name="Salt Lake County">{{cite archive|collection=Pioneer Plat Maps, sheet 2, image 2, "Great Salt Lake City Plot A", 1857|access-date=September 2, 2022|institution=Salt Lake County Archives|publisher=Salt Lake County}}</ref>
| established_title2 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| government_type = [[Strong Mayor|Strong Mayor–council]]
| leader_title = [[List of mayors of Salt Lake City|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Erin Mendenhall]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| total_type = City
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_total_sq_mi = 110.81
| area_total_km2 = 286.99
| area_land_sq_mi = 110.34
| area_land_km2 = 285.77
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.47
| area_water_km2 = 1.22
| elevation_ft = 4265
| elevation_m = 1300
| population_total = 200133
| population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake City city, Utah |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4967000 |website=Census – Geography Profile |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=October 23, 2021}}</ref>
| population_density_sq_mi = 1797.52
| population_urban = 1,178,533 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|41st]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,514.7
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,923.0
| population_metro = 1,257,936 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|47th]])
| population_rank = {{nowrap|[[List of United States cities by population|122nd]] in the United States [[List of municipalities in Utah|1st]] in Utah}}
| population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]]
| population_blank1 = 2,746,164 (US: [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|22nd]])
| population_demonym = Salt Laker<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salt%20laker|title=Definition for "Salt Laker"|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|date=July 16, 2014|access-date=July 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730040802/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/salt%20laker|archive-date=July 30, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics_type2 = GDP
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title= Total Gross Domestic Product for Salt Lake City, UT (MSA) |url= https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP41620 |website= fred.stlouisfed.org}}</ref><ref name="bea.gov">{{cite web |url = https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/lagdp1223.pdf |title = Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022|publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] |website = www.bea.gov}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Salt Lake (County)
| demographics2_info1 = $111.0 billion (2022)
| demographics2_title2 = Salt Lake City (MSA)
| demographics2_info2 = $135.4 billion (2022)
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = {{collapsible list|title=ZIP Codes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp|publisher=USPS|title=Zip Code Lookup|access-date=October 17, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101104123722/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp|archive-date=November 4, 2010}}</ref>
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:center;display:none
|84101–84128, 84130–84134, 84136, 84138–84139, 84141, 84143–84145, 84147–84148, 84150–84152, 84157–84158, 84165, 84170–84171, 84180, 84184, 84189–84190, 84199}}
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| area_code = [[Area codes 801 and 385|801, 385]]
| timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain]]
| utc_offset = −7
| utc_offset_DST = −6
| pushpin_label = Salt Lake City
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 49-67000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 1454997<ref name=USGS />
| blank_name_sec2 = Major airport
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Salt Lake City International Airport]]
| website = {{URL|www.slcgov.com|Salt Lake City Government}}
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref>
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_49.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 701.84
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=USGS>{{Cite web |title=Geographic Names Information System |url=https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/1454997 |access-date=May 8, 2023 |website=edits.nationalmap.gov}}</ref>{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}
}}

'''Salt Lake City''', often shortened to '''Salt Lake''' or '''SLC''', is the [[List of capitals in the United States|capital]] and [[List of cities and towns in Utah|most populous city]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Utah]]. It is the [[County seat|seat]] of [[Salt Lake County, Utah|Salt Lake County]], the most populous county in the state. The city is the core of the Salt Lake City [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (MSA), which had a population of 1,257,936 at the 2020 census. Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the [[Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem Combined Statistical Area|Salt Lake City–Ogden–Provo Combined Statistical Area]], a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along a {{convert|120|mi|km|adj=on}} segment of the [[Wasatch Front]], comprising a population of 2,746,164 (as of 2021 estimates),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html|title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2010–2018|access-date=October 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602005545/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html|archive-date=June 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> making it the 22nd largest in the nation. With a population of 200,133 in 2020, it is the [[List of United States cities by population|117th most populous city in the United States]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Division |first=U.S. Census Bureau, Data Integration |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2010–2018 |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/saltlakecitycityutah,US/PST045219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524221221/https://census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |access-date=October 6, 2019 |website=census.gov}}</ref> It is also the central core of the larger of only two major urban areas located within the [[Great Basin]] (the other being [[Reno, Nevada]]).

Salt Lake City was founded on July 24, 1847, by early pioneer settlers led by [[Brigham Young]] who were seeking to escape persecution they had experienced while living farther east. The [[Mormon pioneers]], as they would come to be known, entered a semi-arid valley and immediately began planning and building an extensive irrigation network which could feed the population and foster future growth. Salt Lake City's street grid system is based on a standard compass grid plan, with the southeast corner of [[Temple Square]] (the area containing the [[Salt Lake Temple]] in downtown Salt Lake City) serving as the origin of the [[Salt Lake meridian]]. Owing to its proximity to the [[Great Salt Lake]], the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City. In 1868, the word "Great" was dropped from the city's name.<ref>{{cite book|last=Van Cott|first=John W.|title=Utah place names: a comprehensive guide to the origins of geographic names: a compilation|publisher=[[University of Utah Press]]|year=1990|isbn=978-0-87480-345-7|page=327|id=Accessed July 25, 2011}}</ref> Immigration of international members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church), [[Mining|mining booms]], and the construction of the [[first transcontinental railroad]] brought economic growth, and the city was nicknamed "The Crossroads of the West". It was traversed by the [[Lincoln Highway]], the first transcontinental highway, in 1913. Two major cross-country freeways, [[Interstate 15 in Utah|I-15]] and [[Interstate 80 in Utah|I-80]], now intersect in the city. The city also has a [[belt highway|belt route]], I-215.

Salt Lake City has developed a strong tourist industry based primarily on [[skiing]], [[outdoor recreation]], and [[religious tourism]]. It hosted the [[2002 Winter Olympics]] and is a candidate city for the [[2030 Winter Olympics]]. It is known for its [[Modern liberalism in the United States|politically liberal]] culture, which stands in contrast with most of the rest of the state's highly [[Conservatism|conservative]] leanings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake City: An island of liberal blue in a sea of conservative red|url=https://utahpolicy.com/index.php/features/today-at-utah-policy/18103-salt-lake-city-an-island-of-liberal-blue-in-a-sea-of-conservative-red|access-date=October 29, 2020|website=utahpolicy.com|date=October 15, 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> It is home to a significant [[LGBT community]] and hosts the annual [[Utah Pride Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Survey ranks Salt Lake City's LGBT population 7th among top 50 metro areas|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2315479&itype=CMSID|access-date=August 2, 2021|website=The Salt Lake Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref> It is the [[industrial loan company|industrial banking]] center of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/examinations/supervisory/insights/sisum04/industrial_loans.html|title=FDIC Industrial Banks|publisher=[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]|date=June 25, 2004|access-date=March 6, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702194834/http://www.fdic.gov/regulations/examinations/supervisory/insights/sisum04/industrial_loans.html|archive-date=July 2, 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Salt Lake City and the surrounding area are also the location of several institutions of higher education including the state's flagship research school, the [[University of Utah]].

Sustained [[drought]] in Utah has recently strained Salt Lake City's [[water security]], caused the Great Salt Lake level to drop to record low levels,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.slc.gov/mayor/drought/ |title= Drought 2022|website=www.slc.gov |access-date=April 16, 2022}}{{title missing|date=May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Great Salt Lake Reaches New Historic Low |url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/great-salt-lake-reaches-new-historic-low |website=USGS |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=April 16, 2022}}</ref> and has impacted the local and state economy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utahbusiness.com/if-we-want-growth-we-need-water-solutions/ |title= If we want growth, we need water solutions|website=www.utahbusiness.com |date= May 11, 2022|access-date=July 13, 2022}}{{title missing|date=September 2022}}</ref> The receding lake has exposed [[arsenic]] which may become airborne, exposing area residents to poisonous dust.<ref name=Flavelle2022/> The city is also under threat of major earthquake damage amplified by two offshoots of the nearby [[Wasatch Fault]] that join underneath the downtown area.<ref name=USGS2021/>

==History==
{{Main|History of Salt Lake City}}
{{external media|width=200px|float=right|headerimage=[[File:1866 Harper's Weekly View of Salt Lake City, Utah w- Brigham Young (Mormons) - Geographicus - SaltLakeCity-harpersweekly-1866.jpg|200px]]|video1=[http://video.wttw.com/video/2365709534/ 10 Towns that Changed America], [[WTTW]], 56:02, segment from 12:00–16:20<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Towns that Changed America|publisher=[[WTTW]]|date=April 19, 2016|url=http://video.wttw.com/video/2365709534/|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428011243/http://video.wttw.com/video/2365709534/|archive-date=April 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

Before settlement by members of the LDS Church, the [[Shoshone]], Weber Ute,<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ff5a/f68bb9f4c4033107c1f191c49eb841ebfa67.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925005121/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ff5a/f68bb9f4c4033107c1f191c49eb841ebfa67.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 25, 2019|title=Anthropology of the Numa: John Wesley Powell's Manuscripts on the Numic Peoples of Western North America, 1868–1880|last=Fowler|first=Don D.|journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1971|issue=14|location=Washington DC|page=7|doi=10.5479/SI.00810223.14.1|s2cid=162581418}}</ref> and [[Southern Paiute|Paiute]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ellis |first1=Terry |title=History of Salt Lake County |url=https://slco.org/county-history/ |website=slco.org |date=December 30, 2013 |access-date=May 10, 2020}}</ref> had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. At the time of Salt Lake City's founding, the valley was within the territory of the [[Northwestern Shoshone]].<ref>{{cite book|page=6|title=The Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre|last=Madsen|first=Brigham|publisher=UofU Press|year=1985|isbn=0-87480-494-9}}</ref> One local Shoshone tribe, the Western [[Goshute]] tribe, had names for the [[Jordan River (Utah)|Jordan River]], [[City Creek (Utah)|City Creek]], and Red Butte Canyon (Pi'o-gwût, So'ho-gwût, and Mo'ni-wai-ni).<ref>{{cite journal|title=Place and Personal Names of the Gosiute Indians of Utah|jstor=983995|pages=9, 12|date=1913|last1=Chamberlin|first1=Ralph V.|journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society|volume=52|issue=208}}</ref> The Goshutes (or, Gosiutes) also lived in the vicinity of Salt Lake and the valleys to the west.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ff5a/f68bb9f4c4033107c1f191c49eb841ebfa67.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925005121/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ff5a/f68bb9f4c4033107c1f191c49eb841ebfa67.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 25, 2019|title=Anthropology of the Numa: John Wesley Powell's Manuscripts on the Numic Peoples of Western North America, 1868–1880|last=Fowler|first=Don D.|journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1971|issue=14|location=Washington DC|page=98|doi=10.5479/SI.00810223.14.1|s2cid=162581418}}</ref> The land was treated by the United States as public domain; no aboriginal title by the Northwestern Shoshone was ever ceded or relinquished by treaty with the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saltlakerealestategroup.com/files/10/NORTHWESTERN%20BANDS%20OF%20SHOSHONE%20INDIANS%20v.%20UNITED%20STATES.pdf|publisher=[[United States Supreme Court]]|date=April 9, 1945|title=89 L.Ed. 985; 65 S.Ct. 690; 324 U.S. 335|access-date=July 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713232133/http://www.saltlakerealestategroup.com/files/10/NORTHWESTERN%20BANDS%20OF%20SHOSHONE%20INDIANS%20v.%20UNITED%20STATES.pdf|archive-date=July 13, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first explorer of European descent in the Salt Lake area was likely [[Jim Bridger]] in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, including some who traveled as far north as the nearby [[Utah Valley]] (the 1776 Dominguez-Escalante expedition were undoubtedly aware of Salt Lake Valley's existence). U.S. Army officer [[John C. Frémont]] surveyed the [[Great Salt Lake]] and the [[Salt Lake Valley]] in 1843 and 1845.<ref>{{cite web|last=Alexander|first=Thomas G.|title=Utah History to Go – Fremont's Exploration|publisher=[[Utah State Historical Society]]|url=http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/trappers,_traders,_and_explorers/fremontsexploration.html|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723103004/http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/trappers,_traders,_and_explorers/fremontsexploration.html|archive-date=July 23, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Donner Party]], a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846.
[[File:1863 view Salt Lake City.jpg|thumb|Salt Lake City in 1863]]
[[File:First Salt Lake City Plat Map, Great Salt Lake City Plot A, 1857.jpg|thumb|upright|left|First Salt Lake City Plat Map, "Great Salt Lake City Plot A", 1857]]

[[File:55. Salt Lake City Utah.jpg|thumb|right|Salt Lake City {{Circa|1880}} by [[Carleton E. Watkins]]]]

The settling of Salt Lake City dates to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints in July 1847,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alexander|first1=Thomas G.|last2=Allen|first2=James B.|title=Mormons & Gentiles: A History of Salt Lake City|date=1984|publisher=Pruett Publishing Company|location=Boulder, Colorado|isbn=0-87108-664-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/mormonsgentilesh00alex/page/24 24]|edition=First|quote=By the time Brigham Young caught his first glimpse of the valley...Salt Lake City was already begun. Two days earlier an advance party...entered the valley...The next day they explored further, and on July 23 began plowing the hard, dry ground.|url=https://archive.org/details/mormonsgentilesh00alex/page/24}}</ref> during the [[Mexican-American War]]. They had traveled beyond the boundaries of the United States into Mexican Territory<ref>{{cite map|url=/media/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Map_of_Mexico_1847.jpg|title=Mexico|access-date=November 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910130742//media/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Map_of_Mexico_1847.jpg|archive-date=September 10, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> seeking a secluded area to safely practice their religion away from the violence and the persecution they experienced in the [[United States]]. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, [[President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|president]] of the church [[Brigham Young]] is recorded as stating, "This is the right place, drive on." Brigham Young is said to have seen the area in a [[Vision (religion)|vision]] before the wagon train's arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement.

[[File:Salt lake city main street c1890 ug.jpg|thumb|right|Part of Main Street, 1890]]

Four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block later called Temple Square, took 40 years to complete. Construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on April 6, 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece. The southeast corner of Temple Square is the point of reference for the [[Salt Lake meridian]], and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley.

During the winter of 1847, an outbreak of measles killed many of the Shoshone in the area.<ref name=Arave>{{cite news |last1=Arave |first1=Lynn |title=Tidbits of history — Unusual highlights of Salt Lake County |url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/1/5/19993469/tidbits-of-history-151-unusual-highlights-of-salt-lake-county#part-of-downtown-salt-lake-city-will-soon-be-redeveloped-by-the-lds-church-for-decades-the-salt-lake-temple-stood-out-as-the-areas-most-prominent-structure |access-date=May 6, 2020 |work=Deseret News |date=January 5, 2007}}</ref> The Shoshone saved the pioneers when they taught them to eat the bulb of the native [[Calochortus nuttallii|sego lily]], which has long been part of the ordinary diet of the Shoshone, ''sego'' being derived from the Shoshone word ''seego''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Xin Wu |title=Patricia Johanson and the Re-Invention of Public Environmental Art, 1958–2010 |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781351554916 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCwxDwAAQBAJ&dq=sego+lily+native+mormon&pg=PA140 |access-date=September 24, 2020 |quote=The Sego Lily brings back memories of the struggle for survival suring the early years of the settlement, when the pioneers were saved by the Shoshone Indians, who taught them to eat the bulb of the native Sego Lily ''(Calochortus nuttallii)''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Works Progress Administration |title=Idaho: A Guide in Word and Picture |date=1937 |publisher=Idaho |location=Idaho |isbn=9781623760113 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6siESLF9LUC&dq=sego+lily+shoshone+mormon&pg=PA115 |access-date=September 24, 2020 |quote=Sego (seego) is a Shoshoni name for food; and the edible bulb of this flower the Mormons ate and found good.|author1-link=Works Progress Administration }}</ref> The sego lily was commemorated by the Sego Lily Dam, a flood-prevention infrastructure project in the shape of a giant sego lily, built in [[Sugar House Park]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lawrence |first1=Danica |title=Sugar House Park to receive functional yet beautiful art installation |url=https://www.fox13now.com/2017/11/07/sugar-house-park-to-receive-functional-yet-beautiful-art-installation |access-date=September 24, 2020 |work=FOX 13 |date=November 7, 2017}}</ref>

The city was not platted until after the federal surveyor abandoned his post in 1857.<ref name="Salt Lake County">{{cite archive|collection=Pioneer Plat Maps, sheet 2, image 2, "Great Salt Lake City Plot A", 1857|access-date=September 2, 2022|institution=Salt Lake County Archives|publisher=Salt Lake County}}</ref> In 1855 Congress directed the President of the United States to appoint a surveyor general for Utah Territory, and to cause that the lands of that territory should be surveyed preparatory to bringing them on the market.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Statutes at Large and Treaties of the United States of America, vol. x|section=An Act to Establish the Office of Surveyor-General in the Territory of Utah, and to grant Land for School and University Purposes, (February 21, 1855)|date=1856 |publisher=Charles C. Little and James Brown|location=Boston, MA}}</ref> Because of numerous conflicts between the surveyor and the territorial government the first surveyor general abandoned his post in 1857, not to return till 1869.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake City Land Office|url=https://archives.utah.gov/research/guides/land-original-title.html|website=Utah State Archives|access-date=September 3, 2022}}</ref>

The pioneers organized a state called [[State of Deseret]], and petitioned for its recognition in 1849. The [[United States Congress]] rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the [[Utah Territory]], vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced [[Fillmore, Utah|Fillmore]] as the territorial capital in 1856, and the name later was shortened to Salt Lake City. The city's population continued to swell with an influx of converts to the LDS Church and [[Gold Rush]] gold seekers, making it one of the most populous cities in the [[American Old West]].

The first group of settlers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery.<ref>''Negro Slaves in Utah'' by Jack Beller, Utah Historical Quarterly, vol. 2, no. 4, 1929, pp. 124–126</ref> Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with the first group of settlers in 1847.<ref>{{cite news |title=Slavery in Utah Involved Blacks, Whites, Indians, and Mexicans. |url=https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=419212&q=Blacks+in+Utah+History+An+Unknown+Legacy |access-date=May 6, 2020 |work=The History Blazer |issue=April 1995 |publisher=Utah State Historical Society}}</ref> The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade,<ref name=knack>{{cite book|title=Boundaries Between: The Southern Paiutes, 1775–1995|author=Martha C. Knack}}</ref> as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war.<ref name=Farmer>{{cite book|last1=Farmer|first1=Jared|title=On Zion's Mount: Mormons, Indians, and the American Landscape|date=2008|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674027671}}</ref><ref name=uncovered_story>{{cite book|title=The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America|author=Andrés Reséndez}}</ref> In 1850, 26 slaves were counted in Salt Lake County.<ref name="Arave"/> In 1852, the territorial legislature passed the [[Act in Relation to Service]] and the [[Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners]] formally legalizing slavery in the territory. On June 19, 1862, during the [[American Civil War]], Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.<ref name="secure">An Act to Secure Freedom to All Persons Within the Territories of the United States, ch. 112, 12 Stat. 432 (1862).</ref>

Explorer, ethnologist, and author [[Richard Francis Burton]] traveled by coach in the summer of 1860 to document life in Great Salt Lake City. He was granted unprecedented access during his three-week visit, including audiences with Brigham Young and other contemporaries of Joseph Smith. The records of his visit include sketches of early city buildings, a description of local geography and agriculture, commentary on its politics and social order, essays, speeches, and sermons from Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and other leaders, and snippets of everyday life such as newspaper clippings and the menu from a high-society ball.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burton|first=Sir Richard Francis|title=The City of the Saints: Across the Rocky Mountains to California|url=https://archive.org/details/cityofsaintsacro00burt|publisher=Harper & brothers (reprinted by [[University of Michigan Library]])|location=New York City|year=1862|id=Accessed September 13, 2006}}</ref>

[[File:SLC, 1910.jpg|thumb|Men lounging outside a saloon and a Chinese laundry, 1910|right]]
Disputes with the federal government ensued over the church's practice of [[polygamy]]. A climax occurred in 1857 when President [[James Buchanan]] declared the area in rebellion after Brigham Young refused to step down as governor, beginning the [[Utah War]]. A division of the [[United States Army]], commanded by [[Albert Sidney Johnston]], later a general in the army of the Confederate States of America, marched through the city and found it had been evacuated. They continued their march through the deserted city to vacant land at the southwest corner of the valley. There they set up [[Camp Floyd]] ({{Convert|40|mi|km|abbr=}} south of the city). Another military installation, [[Fort Douglas]], was established in 1862 to maintain [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] allegiance during the [[American Civil War]]. Many area leaders were incarcerated at the [[Sugar House Prison (Utah)|territorial prison]] in [[Sugar House (Salt Lake City)|Sugar House]] in the 1880s for violation of anti-polygamy laws. The church began its eventual abandonment of polygamy in 1890, releasing [[1890 Manifesto|"The Manifesto"]], which officially suggested members obey the law of the land (which was equivalent to forbidding new polygamous marriages inside the US and its territories, but not in church member settlements in Canada and Mexico). This paved the way for statehood in 1896, when Salt Lake City became the state capital.

The First Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869 at [[Promontory Summit]]{{efn|Not to be confused with [[Promontory Point, Utah|Promontory Point]], a ghost town.}} on the north side of the Great Salt Lake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11371/|title=Ceremony at "Wedding of the Rails", May 10, 1869 at Promontory Point UT|website=[[World Digital Library]]|date=May 10, 1869|access-date=July 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018052635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11371/|archive-date=October 18, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> A railroad was connected to the city from the Transcontinental Railroad in 1870, making travel less burdensome. Mass migration of different groups followed. Ethnic Chinese (who had laid most of the Central Pacific railway) established a flourishing Chinatown in Salt Lake City nicknamed "Plum Alley", which housed around 1,800 Chinese during the early 20th century. The Chinese businesses and residences were demolished in 1952 although a historical marker has been erected near the parking ramp which has replaced Plum Alley. Immigrants also found economic opportunities in the booming [[mining|mining industries]]. Remnants of a once-thriving Japantown – namely a Buddhist temple and Japanese Christian chapel – remain in downtown Salt Lake City. European ethnic groups and East Coast missionary groups constructed [[St. Mark's Cathedral, Salt Lake City|St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral]] in 1874, [[B'nai Israel Temple (Salt Lake City)|B'nai Israel Temple]] in 1890, the [[Catholic Church in the United States|Roman Catholic]] [[Cathedral of the Madeleine]] in 1909 and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] [[Holy Trinity Cathedral, Salt Lake City|Holy Trinity Cathedral]] in 1923. This time period also saw the creation of Salt Lake City's now defunct [[red-light district]] that employed 300 [[prostitution|courtesans]] at its height before being closed in 1911.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stilltoe|first=Linda|author-link=Linda Sillitoe|title=A History of Salt Lake County|page=138}}</ref>

[[File:Temple Square 1912 panorama.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|Panorama of [[Temple Square]] taken in 1912]]
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an extensive [[streetcar]] system was constructed throughout the city, with the first streetcar running in 1872 and electrification of the system in 1889. As in the rest of the country, the automobile usurped the streetcar, and the last trolley was approved for conversion in 1941, yet ran until 1945, due to [[World War II]]. Trolley buses ran until 1946. [[Light rail]] transit returned to the city when UTA's [[TRAX (light rail)|TRAX]] opened in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|last=Money|first=Marti|url=http://www.sugarhousetrolley.org/utahstreet.html|title=Utah Street Tramways – History of trams in Salt Lake City|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928230125/http://www.sugarhousetrolley.org/utahstreet.html|archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> The [[S Line (Utah Transit Authority)|S Line]] (formerly known as Sugar House Streetcar) opened for service in December 2013 on an old [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad|D&RGW]] right-of-way.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=56795317&itype=CMSID|title=Sugar House streetcar testing begins next week|last=Davidson|first=Lee|newspaper=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|date=August 28, 2013|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221454/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/56795317-90/east-goeres-stops-trains.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/salt-lake-city-welcomes-s-line/38959.article|title=Salt Lake City welcomes S-Line|journal=[[Railway Gazette International]]|location=Sutton, London|date=December 9, 2013|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213100207/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/salt-lake-city-welcomes-s-line.html|archive-date=December 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city's population began to stagnate during the 20th century as population growth shifted to suburban areas north and south of the city. Few of these areas were annexed to the city, while nearby towns incorporated and expanded. As a result, the population of the surrounding metropolitan area greatly outnumbers Salt Lake City. A major concern of recent government officials has been combating inner-city commercial decay. The city lost population from the 1960s through the 1980s, but experienced some recovery in the 1990s. Presently, the city has gained an estimated 5 percent of its population since the year 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=October 17, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522161634/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|archive-date=May 22, 2014}}</ref>

The city has experienced significant demographic shifts in recent years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-09-14-utah-cover_x.htm|title=Immigrants turn Utah into mini-melting pot|last=El Nasser|first=Haya|date=September 15, 2006|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415192230/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-09-14-utah-cover_x.htm|archive-date=April 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics]] now account for approximately 22% of residents and the city has a significant LGBT community.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gaypasg.org/gaypasg/PressClippings/2005/Jun/Salt%20Lake%20City%20Has%20High%20Gay%20Population.htm|title=Salt Lake City Has High Gay Population|first=Travis|last=Reed|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=June 11, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202204959/http://www.gaypasg.org/gaypasg/PressClippings/2005/Jun/Salt%20Lake%20City%20Has%20High%20Gay%20Population.htm|archive-date=February 2, 2015}}</ref> There is also a large [[Pacific Islander American|Pacific Islander]] population (mainly [[Samoa]]ns and [[Tonga]]ns; they compose roughly 2% of the population of the [[Salt Lake Valley]] area.

Salt Lake City was selected in 1995 to host the 2002 Winter Olympics. The games were plagued with controversy. A [[2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal|bid scandal]] surfaced in 1998 alleging bribes had been offered to secure the bid. During the games, other scandals erupted over [[2002 Olympic Winter Games figure skating scandal|contested judging scores]] and illegal drug use. Despite the controversies, the games were heralded as a financial success, being one of the few in recent history to turn a profit.{{Citation needed|reason=One or more citations is needed to verify this profitability claim, as it is essentially unheard of for host cities of Olympic Games to turn a profit.|date=March 2023}} In preparation major construction projects were initiated. Local [[freeway]]s were expanded and repaired, and a light rail system was constructed. Olympic venues are now used for local, national, and international sporting events and Olympic athlete training.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/10/5/19977913/big-incentive-helps-lure-speedskating-group|title=Big incentive helps lure speed skating group|last=Roche|first=Lisa Riley|date=October 5, 2006|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|location=Salt Lake City|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219205612/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,650196322,00.html|archive-date=February 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Tourism has increased since the Olympic games,<ref name="2006 tourism">{{Cite news|title=Convention numbers best since Olympics; SL County conventions post big year|last=Gorrell|first=Mike|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=June 30, 2006}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=December 2007}} but business did not pick up immediately following.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Olympic windfall unseen|last=Gorrell|first=Mike| newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=February 15, 2004}}</ref> Salt Lake City is currently bidding to host the [[2030 Winter Olympics|2030]] or [[2034 Winter Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOC set to visit Salt Lake City for 2030 Winter Olympics bid inspection |url=http://insidethegames.biz/articles/1122345 |date=April 25, 2022 }}</ref>
Salt Lake City hosted the 16th Winter [[Deaflympics|Deaflympic]] games in 2007, taking place in the venues in Salt Lake City and [[Park City, Utah|Park City]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deaflympics.com/games.asp?2007-w|title=Salt Lake 2007|publisher=Deaflympics|access-date=July 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062349/http://deaflympics.com/games.asp?2007-w|archive-date=August 14, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Rotary International]] chose the city as the host site of their 2007 convention, which was the single largest gathering in Salt Lake City since the 2002 Winter Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|title=SLC to land Rotarians in '07|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3197001&itype=NGPSID|first=Paul|last=Beebe|date=November 9, 2005|access-date=October 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221454/http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3197001&itype=NGPSID|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The U.S. Volleyball Association convention in 2005 drew 39,500 attendees.

In 2020, the city experienced a [[2020 Salt Lake City earthquake|5.7 magnitude earthquake]], [[Killing of Bernardo Palacios-Carbajal|protests against the killing of Bernardo Palacios-Carbajal]], and a damaging [[2020 Utah windstorm|windstorm with hurricane-force winds]], amidst the wider national [[George Floyd protests]], the global [[COVID-19 pandemic]], and [[2020 United States anti-lockdown protests|protests against pandemic measures]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Springer |first1=Alex |last2=Ory Hernandez |first2=Rebecca |last3=Cook O'Brien |first3=Amy |last4=Campbell |first4=Carolyn |title=Meals Out of Misfortune Part 2 |url=https://www.cityweekly.net/utah/meals-out-of-misfortune-part-2/Content?oid=15820740 |access-date=September 24, 2020 |work=Salt Lake City Weekly |date=September 23, 2020 |quote=A pandemic, earthquake, ongoing protests and a windstorm with hurricane-force winds have been visited upon our fair city—and we're only three-quarters of the way through!}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bauer |first1=Ethan |title=A mayor and a mom on shaky ground |url=https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2020/5/14/21254919/people-of-the-pandemic-coronavirus-utah-salt-lake-city-mayor-erin-mendenhall-earthquake |access-date=September 24, 2020 |work=Deseret News |date=May 14, 2020}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Salt Lake City}}
[[File:Salt Lake City by Sentinel-2, 2020-07-06.jpg|left|thumb|Satellite photo of Salt Lake County]]
[[File:Salt Lake City Utah.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Astronaut photography of Salt Lake International Airport in west SLC, taken from the [[International Space Station]] (ISS). North is at bottom.]]
[[File:Salt Lake City 2013-06-08.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Salt Lake City and adjacent suburbs, facing south]]
Salt Lake City has an area of {{convert|110.4|mi2|km2}} and an average elevation of {{convert|4327|ft|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The lowest point within the boundaries of the city is {{convert|4210|ft|m}} near the [[Jordan River (Utah)|Jordan River]] and the Great Salt Lake, and the highest is Grandview Peak,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Grandview+Peak/@40.8516281,-111.7609103,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x87525be5b429c7ad:0x945520f494c12167!8m2!3d40.8516128!4d-111.7521555 |title=''Grandview Peak'' Google Maps (accessed 27 March 2019) |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031147/https://www.google.com/maps/place/Grandview%2BPeak/@40.8516281,-111.7609103,15z/data%3D!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x87525be5b429c7ad:0x945520f494c12167!8m2!3d40.8516128!4d-111.7521555 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> at {{convert|9410|ft|0}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Area Information – Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=Salt Lake City Corporation|url=http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/faq_new.htm|access-date=December 11, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024020803/http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/faq_new.htm|archive-date=October 24, 2006}}</ref>

The city is in the northeast corner of the [[Salt Lake Valley]] surrounded by the Great Salt Lake to the northwest, the steep [[Wasatch Range]] to the east, and [[Oquirrh Mountains]] to the west. Its encircling mountains contain several narrow canyons, including [[City Creek (Utah)|City Creek]], [[Emigration Canyon, Utah|Emigration]], [[Millcreek Canyon|Millcreek]], and [[Parley's Canyon|Parley's]] which border the eastern city limits.

The burgeoning population of Salt Lake City and the surrounding metropolitan area, combined with its geographical situation, has led to [[air quality]] becoming a concern. The [[Great Basin]] is subject to strong temperature inversions during the winter, which trap pollutants and decrease the air quality. The Utah Division of Air Quality monitors air quality and issues alerts for voluntary and mandatory actions when pollution exceeds federal safety standards. Protests have been held at the [[Utah State Capitol]] and [[Democratic Party (U.S.)|Democratic]] lawmakers have introduced legislation in the [[Utah State Legislature]] to make public transportation free during January and July, when air quality is usually at its worst.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seen as Nature Lovers' Paradise, Utah Struggles With Air Quality|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/us/utah-a-nature-lovers-haven-is-plagued-by-dirty-air.html?_r=0|first=Dan|last=Frosch|date=February 23, 2013|access-date=December 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221454/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/us/utah-a-nature-lovers-haven-is-plagued-by-dirty-air.html?_r=0|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The population of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area is projected to double by 2040, putting further pressure on the region's air quality.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Penrod|first1=Emma|title=American Lung Association ranks SLC in top 10 for worst air quality|agency=Salt Lake Tribune|date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>

The Great Salt Lake is separated from Salt Lake City by extensive marshlands and mudflats. The metabolic activities of bacteria in the lake result in a phenomenon known as "lake stink", a scent reminiscent of foul poultry eggs, two to three times per year for a few hours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deq.utah.gov/references/FactSheets/Lake_Stink.htm|title=Utah's Infamous "Lake Stink"|publisher=[[Utah Department of Environmental Quality]]|access-date=March 11, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923010154/http://www.deq.utah.gov/references/FactSheets/Lake_Stink.htm|archive-date=September 23, 2006}}</ref> The Jordan River flows through the city and is a drainage of [[Utah Lake]] that empties into the Great Salt Lake.

The highest mountaintop visible from Salt Lake City is [[Broads Fork Twin Peaks|Twin Peaks]], which reaches {{convert|11330|ft|m}}.<ref name=AD>{{cite news|last=Arave|first=Lynn|url=https://www.deseret.com/2005/4/6/19884624/mountains-high-utah-abounds-with-high-peaks-in-all-counties|title=Mountains High: Utah abounds with high peaks in all counties|newspaper=Deseret News|date=March 6, 2005|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120234031/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/600122409/Mountains-High-Utah-abounds-with-high-peaks-in-all-counties.html?pg=all|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Twin Peaks is southeast of Salt Lake City in the Wasatch Range.

The second-highest mountain range is the Oquirrhs, reaching a maximum height of 10,620 feet (3,237 m) at Flat Top.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Flat+Top+Mountain/@40.2159723,-112.018998,10.75z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x87529e2d150c3e03:0x6760bcadc7157598!8m2!3d40.3724467!4d-112.1891099 |title=''Flat Top Mountain'' Google Maps (accessed 27 March 2017) |access-date=March 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328142309/https://www.google.com/maps/place/Flat%2BTop%2BMountain/@40.2159723,-112.018998,10.75z/data%3D!4m5!3m4!1s0x87529e2d150c3e03:0x6760bcadc7157598!8m2!3d40.3724467!4d-112.1891099 |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The east–west-oriented [[Traverse Ridge|Traverse Mountains]] to the south extend to 6,000' (1830m), nearly connecting the Wasatch and Oquirrh Mountains. The mountains near Salt Lake City are easily visible from the city and have sharp vertical relief caused by ancient earthquakes, with a maximum difference of 7,099 feet (2164 m) being achieved with the rise of Twin Peaks from the Salt Lake Valley floor.<ref name=AD/>

The Salt Lake Valley floor is the ancient lakebed of [[Lake Bonneville]], which existed at the end of the [[Last Glacial Period|last ice age]]. Several Lake Bonneville shorelines can be distinctly seen as terraces on the foothills or benches of nearby mountains. Ancient folds of Lake Bonneville shorelines also lie underneath Salt Lake City, amplifying the danger of earthquakes.<ref name=USGS2021/>

===Earthquake faults===
Salt Lake City is subject to earthquakes from active fault lines running through it.<ref name=USGS2021>{{cite journal |title=A Broad, Distributed Active Fault Zone Lies beneath Salt Lake City, Utah |first1=Lee M. |last1=Liberty |first2=James |last2=St. Clair |first3=Adam P. |last3=McKean |date=June 3, 2021 |journal=The Seismic Record |publisher=[[Seismological Society of America]] |volume=1 |number=1 |pages=35–45 |doi=10.1785/0320210009|bibcode=2021SeisR...1...35L |s2cid=236753973 |doi-access=free }}</ref> These faults are related to the regional [[Wasatch Fault]] which runs north–south along the western base of the Wasatch Range and is considered at high risk of producing an earthquake as large as 7.5 [[Seismic magnitude scales|magnitude]]. Catastrophic damage is predicted in the event of an earthquake with major damage resulting from the [[Soil liquefaction|liquefaction]] of the clay- and sand-based soil and the possible permanent flooding of portions of the city by the Great Salt Lake.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davidson|first=Lee|url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2006/4/19/20704091/it-s-2008-151-and-the-big-one-slams-utah|title=It's 2008 — and 'the big one' slams Utah|newspaper=Deseret News|date=April 19, 2006|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120234115/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/635199749/Its-2008--and-the-big-one-slams-Utah.html?pg=all|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 18, 2020, a 5.7 magnitude [[2020 Salt Lake City earthquake|earthquake]], the largest in the Salt Lake City area in modern times, hit [[Magna, Utah|Magna]], just southwest of Salt Lake City, causing some minor damage throughout the valley.<ref name="ANSS">{{Cite anss|Magna|2020|https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu60363602/executive|access-date=March 18, 2020|mode=cs2}}</ref> Damage in Salt Lake City was especially evident in historic brick homes—[[unreinforced masonry building]]s—such as the 1892 Sears mansion which required demolition after the earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2021/03/19/curved-wasatch-fault-may/ |title='Curved' Wasatch fault may be even more destructive and deadly than previously thought |last=Maffly |first=Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |newspaper=[[Salt Lake Tribune]] |access-date=March 29, 2023}}</ref>

The Warm Springs Fault and the East Bench Fault, offshoots of the Wasatch Fault, were found in 2021 to connect underneath Salt Lake City, increasing the risk of major metropolitan damage from an earthquake.<ref name=USGS2021/> Prior to this, in 1997 the ''[[Salt Lake Tribune]]'' published a front-page exposé about how the construction of the downtown [[Salt Palace]] convention center had been hastened by the county geologist who erased the Warm Springs Fault from earthquake maps of Salt Lake City so that the downtown area appeared to be free of faults, enabling the convention center developers to avoid the time and expense of an earthquake hazard and risk assessment. The newspaper showed that the Warm Springs Fault runs north–south along W. Temple, directly adjacent to [[Temple Square]] and the convention center.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://newspapers.lib.utah.edu/details?id=30556556 |title=Where's the Fault? |page=1 |last=Siegel |first=Lee |date=December 7, 1997 |newspaper=[[Salt Lake Tribune]]}}</ref> A year later, a fault segment was found at the southern edge of the convention center, and expansion plans were halted until more earthquake fault studies could be completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deseret.com/1999/1/7/19427068/fault-causes-suspension-of-salt-palace-expansion-br-experts-don-t-know-if-it-extends-under-existing |title=Fault causes suspension of Salt Palace expansion: Experts don't know if it extends under existing building |last=Swensen |first=Jason |date=January 6, 1999 |website=[[Deseret News]] |access-date=March 29, 2023}}</ref>
{{Clear}}
{{wide image|Rainstorm over Salt Lake City.jpg|1500px|A panoramic view of Salt Lake City, June 2009}}

===Layout===
[[File:Platslc.jpg|thumb|left|[[Plat]] of Salt Lake City, circa 1870s]]
The city, as well as the [[Salt Lake County, Utah|county]], is laid out on a [[grid plan]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Husarik|first=Theresa|url=http://saltlakecity.about.com/library/weekly/98art/aa031698.htm|title=Navigating Utah's Streets|publisher=About.com|access-date=March 11, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101162355/http://saltlakecity.about.com/library/weekly/98art/aa031698.htm|archive-date=January 1, 2007}}</ref> Most major streets run very north–south and east–west. The grid's origin is the southeast corner of Temple Square, the block containing the Salt Lake Temple; the north–south axis is Main Street; and the east–west axis is South Temple Street. Addresses are [[Cartesian coordinate system|coordinates]] within the system (similar to [[latitude]] and [[longitude]]). Odd and even address numbering depends on the quadrant of the grid in which an address is located. The rule is: When traveling away from the grid center (Temple Square) or its axes (Main Street, South Temple Street), odd numbers will be on the left side of the street.

A common explanation for the unusually wide streets of Salt Lake City is that Brigham Young wanted a wagon with a team of oxen to be able to turn around.<ref>[https://therightplace.pro/wide-streets-salt-lake/ Why are Salt Lake City’s streets so wide?]</ref> However, Young was never recorded giving this directive. Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, planned the layout in the "[[Plat of Zion|Plat of the City of Zion]]" (intended as a template for Mormon towns wherever they might be built). This plan included streets {{cvt|132|ft}} wide,<ref>[https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/revised-plat-of-the-city-of-zion-circa-early-august-1833/1#historical-intro Revised Plat of the City of Zion, circa Early August 1833 - Historical Introduction]</ref> and may be the source of the unusual width.<ref>[https://therightplace.pro/plat-of-zion/ The Plat of Zion and the Wide Streets of Salt Lake City]</ref> These wide streets and grid pattern are typical of other Mormon towns of the pioneer era throughout the West.

Though the nomenclature may initially confuse new arrivals and visitors, most consider the grid system an aid to navigation. Some streets have names, such as State Street, which would otherwise be known as 100 East. Other streets have honorary names, such as the western portion of 300 South, named "Adam Galvez Street" (for a local Marine corporal killed in action) or others honoring [[Rosa Parks]], [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], [[César Chávez]], [[Harvey Milk]], and [[John Stockton]]. These honorary names appear only on street signs and cannot be used in postal addresses.
[[File:Salt Palace (43837757942).jpg|thumb|The [[Salt Palace]] Convention Center]]
In the [[The Avenues, Salt Lake City|Avenues neighborhood]], north–south streets are given letters of the alphabet, and east–west streets are numbered in {{convert|2.5|acre|ha|adj=on}} blocks, smaller than those in the rest of the city.

Smith's Plat of Zion specified the city was to be developed into 135 {{convert|10|acre|ha|adj=on}} lots.
However, the blocks in Salt Lake City became irregular during the late 19th century when [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] lost authority over growth and before the adoption of zoning ordinances in the 1920s. The original {{convert|10|acre|ha|adj=on}} blocks allowed for large garden plots, and many were supplied with irrigation water from ditches that ran approximately where modern curbs and gutters would be laid. The original water supply was from [[City Creek (Salt Lake County, Utah)|City Creek]]. Subsequent development of water resources was from successively more southern streams flowing from the mountains east of the city. Some old irrigation ditches are still visible in the eastern suburbs, or are still marked on maps, years after they were gone. There are still some canals that deliver water as required by water rights. Many lots, in Salt Lake City and surrounding areas, have irrigation water rights attached to them. Local water systems, in particular Salt Lake City Public Utilities, have a tendency to acquire or trade for these water rights. These can then be traded for culinary water rights to water imported into the valley. At its peak, irrigation in the valley comprised over one hundred distinct canal systems, many originating at the Jordan Narrows at the south end of the valley. Water and water rights were important in the 19th and early 20th centuries. As heavy agricultural usage changed into a more urban and suburban pattern, canal water companies were gradually replaced by culinary water systems.

=== Cityscape ===
{{See also|Downtown Salt Lake City|List of tallest buildings in Salt Lake City}}
[[File:Salt Lake City 1913 panorama.jpg|thumb|463x463px|Panorama of Salt Lake City in 1913 taken from the [[Dooly Building]]. Notable buildings from left to right: [[Salt Lake Temple]], [[Joseph Smith Memorial Building|Hotel Utah]], [[Kearns Building]], [[Capitol Theatre (Salt Lake City)|Capitol Theatre]], [[Walker Center]], [[Salt Lake City and County Building|City and County Building]], Boston and Newhouse Buildings, and [[Hotel Newhouse (Salt Lake City)|Hotel Newhouse]]. ]]
Downtown Salt Lake City has been a hub of commerce for the [[Intermountain West]] and its architecture reflects this history. [[Main Street (Greater Salt Lake City)|Main Street]], which was the primary commercial avenue for the city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, anchors the historic core of the downtown area that begins at the [[Salt Lake Temple]] and concludes at the [[Salt Lake City and County Building|City and County Building]]. Halfway between those two structures, the [[Walker Center]], at the corner of Main and 200 South, was built in 1912 and was the tallest building between [[Chicago]] and [[San Francisco]] upon its completion. Other extant pre-war structures include the [[Kearns Building]], [[Continental Bank Building (Salt Lake City)|Hotel Monaco]], the First Security Building,<ref>{{cite web|title=First Security Building|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/129124/first-security-building-salt-lake-city-ut-usa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514020432/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/129124/first-security-building-salt-lake-city-ut-usa|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 14, 2015|access-date=June 2, 2021|website=Emporis}}</ref> the [[Joseph Smith Memorial Building]] (formerly Hotel Utah), the Boston and Newhouse Buildings,<ref>{{cite web|title=Boston and Newhouse Buildings in Salt Lake City, USA|url=https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/boston-and-newhouse-buildings-38996.html|access-date=June 2, 2021|website=GPSmyCity|language=en}}</ref> the [[Utah State Capitol]], and the [[Clift Building]]. Salt Lake City has two historic passenger rail depots, the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Depot (Salt Lake City)|Denver and Rio Grande Western Depot]] and the [[Salt Lake City Union Pacific Depot|Union Pacific Depot]], the latter of which now anchors the [[The Gateway (Salt Lake City)|Gateway]] district. Salt Lake City lost many significant structures to forces such as [[urban renewal]] in the 20th century, including the [[Dooly Building]], designed by [[Louis Sullivan]], the [[Hotel Newhouse (Salt Lake City)|Hotel Newhouse]], and the [[Salt Lake Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake Theatre|url=https://historytogo.utah.gov/salt-lake-theatre/|access-date=June 2, 2021|website=History to Go|date=May 11, 2016 }}</ref>

[[File:Main Street, Salt Lake City 2021.jpg|thumb|244x244px|[[Downtown Salt Lake City]] at the corner of Main Street and 100 South showing the base of the newly constructed 111 Main office tower and [[Eccles Theater]]. [[TRAX (light rail)|TRAX]] runs along Main through the heart of the city.]]

After a period of stagnation in the era of [[urban sprawl]], and with the construction of [[TRAX (light rail)|TRAX]] in the late 1990s and the [[City Creek Center]] in the early 2010s, downtown Salt Lake City is experiencing a period of revival. Empty lots and older structures are in the process of being redeveloped into apartment and office towers<ref>{{cite web|title=It's high time for Salt Lake City. Here's how the skyline will rise in 2021.|url=https://sltrib.com/news/2021/01/17/its-high-time-salt-lake|access-date=June 2, 2021|website=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref> and the city has begun to close Main Street to automobile traffic on summer weekends to encourage pedestrian activity and business.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake City will close Main Street again this summer to welcome diners and pedestrians|url=https://sltrib.com/news/2021/04/28/salt-lake-city-will-close|access-date=June 2, 2021|website=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref> More than 5,000 new residential units are planned or under construction for the downtown area as of April 2021<ref>{{cite web|date=April 13, 2021|title=We now know what will replace the former Road Home homeless shelter|url=https://www.buildingsaltlake.com/we-now-know-what-will-replace-salt-lake-citys-formal-homeless-shelter-downtown/|access-date=June 2, 2021|website=Building Salt Lake}}</ref> and many new breweries and restaurants have opened in the last decade. Regent Street, which in the early 20th century was the city's [[red-light district]], has recently been redeveloped with the notable additions of the 2,468-seat [[Eccles Theater]] and 111 Main, an adjacent 24-story office building.

A distinctive feature of Salt Lake City's cityscape is its very large block sizes, which are 660 feet square and separated by streets 132 feet wide, making them the largest in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=Plat of Zion|url=https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/plat-of-zion/|access-date=June 7, 2021|website=99% Invisible|date=December 12, 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> This and the resulting development patterns gives the city and its buildings a unique sense of scale but also a distinct challenge to urban [[walkability]], with many streets boasting six lanes for automobile traffic. On the other hand, the extra-wide streets have made the addition of dedicated transit lanes and light rail more feasible and many streets are now being redesigned with features such as protected bike lanes, linear parks, and even spaces for urban development within the medians.<ref>{{cite web|title=4 Ways Utah is Dealing with Overly-Wide Streets|url=https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2016/2/1/4-ways-utah-is-dealing-with-overly-wide-streets|access-date=June 7, 2021|website=Strong Towns|date=February 2, 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref> The city also encourages new projects to incorporate mid-block walkways and other scale-mitigation strategies into planning to promote pedestrian engagement.<ref>{{cite web|title=SALT LAKE CITY DOWNTOWN MASTER PLAN DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR MID-BLOCK WALKWAYS|url=http://www.slcdocs.com/Planning/Applications/MWDG.pdf|access-date=June 7, 2021}}</ref>

===Neighborhoods===
{{See also|List of Salt Lake City neighborhoods|Buildings and sites of Salt Lake City, Utah#Neighborhoods and areas}}
Salt Lake City has many distinct neighborhoods. There is a general east–west socioeconomic divide. The eastern neighborhoods of the city, such as [[The Avenues, Salt Lake City|the Avenues]], [[9th and 9th, Salt Lake City|9th & 9th]], [[Yalecrest]], [[Federal Heights, Salt Lake City|Federal Heights]], and [[Sugar House, Salt Lake City|Sugar House]] tend to be more affluent. These districts are popular with professionals, families, and students due to their proximity to Downtown, the [[University of Utah]], commercial precincts, and the Wasatch foothills. The western neighborhoods of the city, such as [[Poplar Grove, Salt Lake City|Poplar Grove]], [[Rose Park, Salt Lake City|Rose Park]], and [[Glendale, Salt Lake City|Glendale]] tend to be more working-class and ethnically diverse and are popular with immigrants and young people.

This divide is a result of the railroad being built in the western half as well as panoramic views from inclined ground in the eastern portion. Housing is more economically diverse on the west side, which results in [[demographics|demographic]] differences. [[Interstate 15 in Utah|Interstate 15]] was also built in a north–south line, further dividing east and west sides of the city.

[[File:Sugarhouseslc.jpg|thumb|Sugar House]]
[[Sugar House, Salt Lake City|Sugar House]], in southeastern Salt Lake City, has a reputation as an older neighborhood with small shops in the center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.10best.com/destinations/utah/salt-lake-city/sugarhouse/|title=Find the Best Things to Do in Sugarhouse|last=Balaz|first=Christine|website=10 Best|access-date=May 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514012213/http://www.10best.com/destinations/utah/salt-lake-city/sugarhouse/|archive-date=May 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Sugar House is an area which has been the focus of redevelopment efforts such as the [[S Line (Utah Transit Authority)|UTA S-Line Streetcar]]. In late 2015 there were approximately 900 apartment units either recently built or under construction in the Sugar House area, with an additional 492 units proposed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smart|first=Christopher|date=October 29, 2015|title=Sugar House apartment project would bring impacts — not impact fees|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3106900&itype=CMSID|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610142354/http://www.sltrib.com/home/3106900-155/sugar-house-apartment-project-would-bring|archive-date=June 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Northeast of Downtown is The Avenues, a neighborhood outside of the regular grid system on smaller blocks. The area between 6th Avenue to South Temple Street is a Historical District that is nearly entirely residential, and contains many historical Victorian era homes. Recently the Avenues is becoming known for restaurants and shops opening in old retail space mixed within the community. The Avenues are situated on the upward-sloping bench in the foothills of the Wasatch Range, with the earlier built homes in the lower elevation. The Avenues, along with [[Federal Heights, Salt Lake City, Utah|Federal Heights]], just to the east and north of the [[University of Utah]], and the [[Foothill, Salt Lake City, Utah|Foothill]] area, south of the university, contain gated communities, large, multimillion-dollar houses, and panoramic views of the valley. Many consider this some of the most desirable real estate in the valley.

In addition to larger centers like Sugar House and Downtown, Salt Lake City contains several smaller neighborhoods, each named after the closest major intersection. Two examples are the [[9th and 9th]] (at the intersection of 900 East and 900 South Streets) and 15th & 15th (at the intersection of 1500 East and 1500 South Streets) neighborhoods. These areas are home to foot-traffic friendly, amenities-based businesses such as art galleries, clothing retail, salons, restaurants and coffee shops. During the summer of 2007, 9th and 9th saw sidewalk and street improvements as well as an art installation by Troy Pillow of Seattle, Washington inspired by the 9 Muses of Greek myth, thanks in part to a monetary grant from Salt Lake City.

Many of the homes in the valley date from pre–World War II times, and only a select few areas, such as Federal Heights and the East Bench, as well as the far west side, including parts of Rose Park and Glendale, have seen new home construction since the 1970s.

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Salt Lake City}}
[[File:Köppen Climate Types Utah.png|thumb|right|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Utah]]
Salt Lake City has a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dsa''), while western parts may experience a [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa''), as summers are dry and hot and winters are cold and wet, but rarely frigid. Late summer and early fall monsoonal activity can keep precipitation fairly consistent throughout the year aside from early to mid summer when rain is minimal. The temperature of the Salt Lake City area is mediated by its unique geography, generally keeping highs and lows from reaching extremes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/region/923/|title=Climate Utah: Temperature, Climograph, Climate table for Utah - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=November 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520135210/https://en.climate-data.org/region/923/|archive-date=May 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The primary source of precipitation in Salt Lake City is massive storms that move in from the [[Pacific Ocean]] along the [[jet stream]] from October to May. In mid-to-late summer, when the jet stream retreats far to the north, precipitation mainly comes from afternoon [[thunderstorm]]s caused by [[North American Monsoon|monsoon]] moisture moving up from the [[Gulf of California]]. Although rainfall can be heavy, these storms are usually scattered in coverage and rarely severe. However, downtown was hit by an [[Fujita scale|F2]] [[Salt Lake City Tornado|tornado]] on August 11, 1999, killing 1 person, injuring 60, and causing $170 million in damage. The remnants of [[tropical cyclone]]s from the East Pacific can rarely reach the city during Fall. The remnants of [[Hurricane Olivia (1982)|Hurricane Olivia]] helped bring the record monthly precipitation of {{convert|7.04|in|mm|0}} in September 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/olivia1982.html|title=Remnants of Hurricane Olivia – September 23–28, 1982|publisher=[[Hydrometeorological Prediction Center]]|access-date=April 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513124725/http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/olivia1982.html|archive-date=May 13, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table32.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130075216/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table32.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 30, 2005|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Record high and low precipitation for each month|publisher=[[National Weather Service]]|access-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref> 1983 was the wettest year on record, with {{convert|24.26|in|mm|0}}, while 1979 was the driest, when {{convert|8.70|in|mm|0}} were recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table29.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130075208/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table29.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 30, 2005|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Maximum and Minimum Calendar Year Precipitation|publisher=NWS|access-date=December 2, 2010}}</ref> Spring [[snowmelt]] from the surrounding mountains can cause localized stream flooding during late spring and early summer, the worst examples being in 1952 and especially 1983, when City Creek burst its banks, forcing city engineers to convert several downtown streets into waterways.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=51720845&itype=CMSID|title=Utah snowpack, weather revive memories of '83 floods|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|first=Christopher|last=Smart|date=May 4, 2011|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221505/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/51720845-78/1983-creek-flooding-lake.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{climate chart
| Salt Lake City, Utah
|21.6|37.4|1.25
|25.2|43.2|1.25
|33.6|53.7|1.79
|39.5|61.6|1.99
|47.8|71.9|1.95
|56.4|83.0|0.98
|64.7|92.6|0.61
|63.4|90.5|0.69
|53.0|79.2|1.21
|41.3|64.7|1.52
|30.6|49.4|1.45
|22.6|38.0|1.41
|float=right
|clear=both
|units=imperial
}}

Snow falls on average from November 6 to April 18, producing a total average of {{convert|60|in|cm|0}}, although measurable snow has fallen as early as September 17 and as late as May 28.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table44.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217004550/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table44.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 17, 2004|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Average snowfall|publisher=NWS|access-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table47.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217004832/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table47.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 17, 2004|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Earliest and latest measurable snowfall|publisher=NWS|access-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ksl.com/article/10895240/late-spring-snowstorm-surprises-utahns|title=Late spring snowstorm surprises Utahns|work=[[KSL-TV]]|date=May 24, 2010|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220503071708/https://www.ksl.com/article/10895240/late-spring-snowstorm-surprises-utahns|archive-date=May 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The snowiest season was 1951–52, with {{convert|117.3|in|cm|0}}, while the least snowy season was {{convert|16.6|in|cm|0}} in 1933–34.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table44.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217004550/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table44.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 17, 2004|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Maximum and minimum seasonal snowfall|publisher=NWS|access-date=December 2, 2012}}</ref> The snowiest month on record was January 1993, in which {{convert|50.3|in|cm|0}} were recorded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table43.php|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Top 5 Snowiest, Top 5 Driest, and Normal Monthly Mean Snowfall|publisher=NWS|access-date=December 2, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519204410/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table43.php|archive-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref>

The nearby Great Salt Lake is a significant contributor to precipitation in the city. The lake effect can enhance rain from summer thunderstorms and produces [[lake-effect snow]] approximately 6 to 8 times per year, some of which can produce prodigious snowfall amounts. It is estimated about 10% of the annual precipitation in the city can be attributed to the lake effect.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bauman|first=Joe|url=https://www.deseret.com/1999/8/5/19459076/lake-has-great-impact-on-storms-weather|title=Lake has great impact on storms, weather|newspaper=Deseret News|date=August 5, 1999|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021213059/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/710986/Lake-has-great-impact-on-storms-weather.html?pg=all|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Salt Lake City features large variations in temperatures between seasons. During summer, there are an average of 56 days per year with temperatures of at least {{convert|90|°F|1}}, 23 days of at least {{convert|95|°F}}, and 5 days of {{convert|100|°F|1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table9.php|title=NWS Salt Lake City – Average number of days per month of 90, 95, and 100 degrees or more|publisher=NWS|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109184352/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table9.php|archive-date=January 9, 2009}}</ref> However, average daytime July humidity is only 22%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table54.php|title=National Weather Service Salt Lake City – Relative humidity averages by month/hour|publisher=NWS|access-date=January 17, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519204139/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/slc/climate/slcclimate/SLC/table54.php|archive-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> Winters are quite cold but rarely frigid. While an average of 127 days drop to or below freezing, and 26 days with high temperatures that fail to rise above freezing, the city only averages 6.3 days at or below {{convert|10|°F|1}}. The record high temperature is {{convert|107|°F|0}}, which occurred first on July 26, 1960, July 13, 2002, June 16, 2021, July 17, 2022, and most recently September 7, 2022, while the record low is {{convert|-30|°F|0|abbr=on}}, which occurred on February 9, 1933.<ref name=NCDC/>

During mid-winter, strong areas of high pressure often stagnate over the [[Great Basin]], leading to strong [[temperature inversion]]s. This causes [[air stagnation]] and thick [[smog]] in the valley from several days to weeks at a time and can result in the nation's worst air-pollution levels.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fahys|first=Judy|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5372365&itype=NGPSID|title=Winter's bad air still choking Utah|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=March 7, 2007|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221518/http://www.sltrib.com/ci_5372365|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Frosch|first=Dan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/us/utah-a-nature-lovers-haven-is-plagued-by-dirty-air.html?_r=0|title=Seen as Nature Lovers' Paradise, Utah Struggles With Air Quality|newspaper=New York Times|date=February 23, 2013|access-date=July 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715022342/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/us/utah-a-nature-lovers-haven-is-plagued-by-dirty-air.html?_r=0|archive-date=July 15, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> This same effect will also occasionally play a role in the summer months, causing [[tropospheric ozone]] to peak in July & August, but in 2015 it started at the beginning of June.<ref>{{cite news|last=Maffly|first=Brian|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2678090&itype=CMSID|title=Summer ozone blast threatening Utahns' health, thanks to sunshine and car exhaust|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=June 29, 2015|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630231630/http://www.sltrib.com/home/2678090-155/utahs-heat-wave-brings-crummy-air|archive-date=June 30, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016 Salt Lake's air quality was ranked 6th worst in the nation by the American Lung Association. It received an F grade for both ozone and particulate matter. Particulate pollution is considered especially dangerous, as the tiny pollutants can lodge deep in lung tissue. Both ozone and particulate pollution are associated with increased rates of strokes, heart attacks, respiratory disease, cancer and premature death.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Penrod|first1=Emma|title=American Lung Association ranks SLC in top 10 for worst air quality|date=April 20, 2016}}</ref> Outdoor air particulates have been associated with low and very low birth weight, premature birth, congenital defects, and death.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=L.|title=Air pollutant effects on fetal and early postnatal development|pmid=17963272|doi=10.1002/bdrc.20097|volume=81|date=September 2007|journal=Birth Defects Res. C|issue=3|pages=144–54}}</ref>

Severe drought and water diversions have shrunk the Great Salt Lake by two-thirds and reduced it to its lowest recorded levels,<ref name=Flavelle2022>{{cite news |last1=Flavelle |first1=Christopher |title=As the Great Salt Lake Dries Up, Utah Faces An 'Environmental Nuclear Bomb' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/07/climate/salt-lake-city-climate-disaster.html |access-date=June 8, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=June 7, 2022}}</ref> resulting in hundreds of square miles of dry lake bed and exposing millions of people living in the fast-growing metropolitan region to dust storms laced with arsenic and other toxic chemicals.<ref name="Booming Utah’s Weak Link">{{cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Simon |title=Booming Utah's Weak Link: Surging Air Pollution |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/07/us/great-salt-lake-utah-air-quality.html |access-date=June 8, 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=September 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Whitehurst |first1=Lindsay |title=Wildlife, air quality at risk as Great Salt Lake nears low |url=https://apnews.com/article/great-salt-lake-air-quality-lakes-wildlife-lifestyle-1adae582035c7f1b03f2a5cb57c0dda8 |access-date=June 8, 2022 |work=AP News |date=July 5, 2021}}</ref> Around 65% of the diverted water goes to agriculture,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Whitehurst |first1=Lindsay |title=Race is on to save the Great Salt Lake: Will it be enough? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/race-save-great-salt-lake-82640968 |access-date=June 8, 2022 |work=ABC News |agency=AP News |date=February 3, 2022}}</ref> but demand for water is soaring as Utah's population grows.<ref name="Booming Utah’s Weak Link"/>
{{SLC weatherbox}}

===Parks===
The largest park in Salt Lake City is [[This Is the Place Heritage Park]], a part of the Utah State Parks system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stateparks.utah.gov/parks/heritage-park/|title=This Is The Place Heritage Park|website=Utah State Parks|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615185600/https://stateparks.utah.gov/parks/heritage-park/|archive-date=June 15, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> At 217.5 acres, This is the Place Heritage Park re-creates typical 19th century pioneer life and contains over 50 restored or replicated historical buildings. [[This is the Place Monument]] also is located within the park, marking the end of the Mormon trail.

[[Sugar House Park]] is the second largest park in Salt Lake City at {{Convert|110|acre|ha|abbr=}} and is a part of the Salt Lake County park system. The park is known for its large, rolling hills surrounding a {{Convert|4.5|acre|ha|abbr=}} pond with fountains.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sugarhousepark.org/|title=Sugar House Park|website=sugarhousepark.org|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406163559/http://www.sugarhousepark.org/|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It was also the site of an annual Fourth of July fireworks display until 2018.

[[Red Butte Garden and Arboretum]], in the [[foothills]] of Salt Lake City, features many different exhibits and also hosts many musical concerts. It is operated by the University of Utah.

====City parks====
Salt Lake City has a system of 85 municipal parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/cityparks/parks-list-parks|title=Parks – List of Parks|website=Government of Salt Lake City|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102014/http://www.slcgov.com/cityparks/parks-list-parks|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some of the most notable, other than those mentioned above, are:
* [[Liberty Park (Salt Lake City)|Liberty Park]] ({{Convert|100|acre|ha|abbr=}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/node/725|title=Parks – Liberty Park|website=Government of Salt Lake City|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102243/http://www.slcgov.com/node/725|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> is one of the city's oldest parks, having been established in 1881, and features a small lake with two islands and the Tracy Aviary. The park is home to a large number of birds, both wild and in the aviary.
* City Creek Park ({{Convert|4|acre|ha|abbr=}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/node/686|title=Parks – City Creek Park|website=Government of Salt Lake City|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102026/http://www.slcgov.com/node/686|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Pioneer Park ({{Convert|10|acre|ha|abbr=}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/node/768|title=Parks – Pioneer Park|website=Government of Salt Lake City|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102259/http://www.slcgov.com/node/768|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lindsey Gardens ({{Convert|15.25|acre|ha|abbr=}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/node/726|title=Parks – Lindsey Gardens|website=Government of Salt Lake City|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102047/http://www.slcgov.com/node/726|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Gilgal Sculpture Garden|Gilgal Garden]] ({{Convert|3|acre|ha|abbr=}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/node/704|title=Parks – Gilgal Garden|website=Government of Salt Lake City|access-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102051/http://www.slcgov.com/node/704|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Jordan Park ({{Convert|33.5|acre|ha|abbr=}}) is home to the [[International Peace Gardens]].
* [[Bonneville Shoreline Trail]] is a popular hiking and biking nature trail which spans {{Convert|90|mi|km|abbr=}} through the foothills of the Wasatch Front.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1850 = 6157
| 1860 = 8236
| 1870 = 12854
| 1880 = 20768
| 1890 = 44843
| 1900 = 53531
| 1910 = 92777
| 1920 = 116110
| 1930 = 140267
| 1940 = 149934
| 1950 = 182121
| 1960 = 189454
| 1970 = 175885
| 1980 = 163034
| 1990 = 159936
| 2000 = 181743
| 2010 = 186440
| 2020 = 199723
| estyear = 2022
| estimate = 204657
| estref =
| footnote = <div style="text-align: center;">Source:<ref>{{cite book|last=Moffatt|first=Riley|title=Population History of Western US Cities & Towns, 1850–1990|location=Lanham MD|publisher=Scarecrow|year=1996|page=310}}</ref> U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> 2019 Estimate<ref name="2019 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url= https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/saltlakecitycityutah/PST045219|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 23, 2021}}</ref></div>
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Historical racial composition !! 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=9700000US3408220&y=2020&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P4|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49/4967000.html|title=State & County QuickFacts: Salt Lake City, Utah|work=US Census Bureau|date=July 8, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108143025/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/49/4967000.html|archive-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref>!! 1990<ref name="pop"/> !! 1970<ref name="pop"/> !! 1950<ref name="pop"/>
|-
| [[White Americans|White]] (non-Hispanic) || 63.4% || 65.7% || 82.6% || 90.6%<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref> || n/a
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 20.8% || 22.3% || 9.7% || 6.4%<ref name="fifteen"/> || n/a
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] (includes [[Pacific Islander]] up to 1990) || 5.5% || 4.4% || 4.7% || 1.1% || 1.0%
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 2.9% || 2.6% || 1.7% || 1.2% || 0.6%
|-

| [[Pacific Islander]] || 2.1% || 2.0% || n/a || n/a || n/a
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American and Alaska Native]] || 1.4% || 1.2% || n/a || n/a || n/a
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] || 4.2% || 3.7% || n/a || n/a || n/a
|}
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Salt Lake City (5560426192).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Salt Lake City, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Salt Lake City, Utah – Racial and ethnic composition''' {{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}
!Race / Ethnicity (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Salt Lake City city, Utah|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4967000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Salt Lake City city, Utah|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4967000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Salt Lake City city, Utah|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4967000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|128,377
|122,325
|style='background: #ffffe6; |126,678
|70.64%
|65.61%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |63.43%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|3,108
|4,613
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5,466
|1.71%
|2.47%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.74%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|1,966
|1,624
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,563
|1.08%
|0.87%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.78%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|6,498
|8,151
|style='background: #ffffe6; |10,840
|3.58%
|4.37%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5.43%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|3,393
|3,706
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,075
|1.87%
|1.99%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.04%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|294
|444
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,149
|0.16%
|0.24%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.58%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|3,853
|3,940
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,448
|2.12%
|2.11%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.23%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|34,254
|41,637
|style='background: #ffffe6; |41,504
|18.85%
|22.33%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |20.78%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''181,743'''
|'''186,440'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''199,723'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2020 census===
The racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 68.41% (136,622) [[White (U.S. Census)|White alone]], 2.89% (5,766) [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black alone]], 1.45% (2,886) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American alone]], 5.50% (10,989) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian alone]], 2.10% (4,186) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander alone]], 9.73% (19,440) [[Race (United States Census)|Other Race alone]], and 9.93% (19,834) [[Multiracial Americans|Multiracial or Mixed Race]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=P1: Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Salt Lake City city, Utah|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=p2&g=160XX00US4967000|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

The racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from the racial counts and placed in their own category) was 63.43% (126,678) [[Non-Hispanic whites|White alone (non-Hispanic)]], 2.74% (5,466) [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black alone (non-Hispanic)]], 0.78% (1,563) [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American alone (non-Hispanic)]], 5.43% (10,840) [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian alone (non-Hispanic)]], 2.04% (4,075) [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander alone (non-Hispanic)]], 0.58% (1,149) [[Race (United States Census)|Other Race alone (non-Hispanic)]], 4.23% (8,448) [[Multiracial Americans|Multiracial or Mixed Race alone (non-Hispanic)]], and 20.78% (41,504) Hispanic or Latino.<ref name=2020CensusP2/>

===2010 census===
At the 2010 census, Salt Lake City's population was 75.1% [[White American|White]], 2.6% [[African American]], 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.4% Asian, 2.0% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 10.7% from other races and 3.7% of mixed descent. 22.3% of the total population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref>{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, US Census Bureau|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US4967000|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 – 2010 Demographic Profile Data|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=December 13, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213041426/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/1600000US4967000|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city's population has historically been predominantly white.<ref name="pop"/> Between 1860 and 1950 whites represented about 99% of the city's population but this somewhat changed in the decades that followed.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=US Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|access-date=January 3, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archive-date=August 12, 2012}}</ref>

{{As of|2010}}, 37.0% of the population had a bachelor's degree or higher. 18.5% of the population was foreign born and another 1.1% was born in [[Puerto Rico]], U.S. [[Insular area|insular territories]], or born abroad to American parent(s). 27.0% spoke a language other than English at home.

There were 186,440 people (up from 181,743 in 2000), 75,177 households, and 57,543 families in the city. This amounts to 6.75% of Utah's population, 18.11% of Salt Lake County's population, and 16.58% of the new Salt Lake metropolitan population.<ref name="GR2"/> The area within the city limits covers 14.2% of Salt Lake County. Salt Lake City was more densely populated than the surrounding metro area with a [[population density]] of 1,688.77/sqmi (1,049.36/km{{sup|2}}). There were 80,724 housing units at an average density of 731.2/sqmi (454.35/km{{sup|2}}).

The Salt Lake City-[[Ogden, Utah|Ogden]] metropolitan area, which included Salt Lake, [[Davis County, Utah|Davis]], and [[Weber County, Utah|Weber]] counties, had a population of 1,333,914 in 2000, a 24.4% increase over the 1990 figure of 1,072,227. Since the [[2000 United States Census|2000 Census]], the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]] has added [[Summit County, Utah|Summit]] and [[Tooele County, Utah|Tooele]] counties to the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, but removed Davis and Weber counties and designated them as the separate Ogden-[[Clearfield, Utah|Clearfield]] metropolitan area. The Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield combined statistical area, together with the [[Provo, Utah|Provo]]-[[Orem, Utah|Orem]] metropolitan area, which lies to the south, had a combined population of 2,094,035 as of July 1, 2008.

There were 75,177 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.3% were other types of households. Of the 75,177 households, 3,904 were reported to be unmarried partner households: 3,047 heterosexual, 458 same-sex male, and 399 same-sex female. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48, and the average family size was 3.24.

The city's age distribution (as of 2000):
* 23.6% under 18
* 15.2% from 18 to 24
* 33.4% from 25 to 44
* 16.7% from 45 to 64
* 11.0% 65 or older

The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males. The median income for a [[household]] in the city was $36,944, and the median income for a family was $45,140. Males had a median income of $31,511 versus $26,403 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $20,752. 15.3% of the population and 10.4% of families were below the [[poverty line]]. Out of the total population, 18.7% of those under the age of 18 and 8.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

According to the Census Bureau's American Community Survey of 2017, the highest disparity in income in Utah is in Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City's GINI Index score was 0.4929, compared with the state's overall score of 0.423. It is the second most income-equal city in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=GoFish |date=2023-06-28 |title=An Analysis of Wealth Gaps Across the U.S. |url=https://www.coventrydirect.com/blog/analysis-of-wealth-gaps-across-the-us/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Coventry Direct |language=en-US}}</ref> The west-side areas of Salt Lake have the lowest-incomes while areas like the upper Avenues, have much higher incomes. Other Utah cities with relatively high scores include Provo, 0.4734; and Ogden, 0.4632.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2018/09/13/utah-ranks-no-equality/ |title=''Utah Ranks No. 1 in Inequality'' (Salt Lake Tribune) |access-date=September 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914205403/https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2018/09/13/utah-ranks-no-equality/ |archive-date=September 14, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Less than 50% of Salt Lake City's residents are members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]. This is a much lower proportion than in Utah's more rural municipalities; altogether, [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] members make up about 62% of Utah's population.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2886596&itype=NGPSID|title=Mormon portion of Utah population steadily shrinking|last=Canham|first=Matt|date=June 22, 2005|newspaper=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221524/http://www.sltrib.com/ci_2886596|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Rose Park (Salt Lake City)|Rose Park]] and [[Glendale (Salt Lake City)|Glendale]] sections are predominantly Spanish-speaking with Hispanic and Latino Americans accounting for 60% of public school-children.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3773768&itype=NGPSID|title=Update: School ranks thinned by 'Day Without Immigrants'|last=Lyon|first=Julia|newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune|date=May 1, 2006|access-date=October 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221501/http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=3773768&itype=NGPSID|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The Centro Civico Mexicano acts as a community gathering point for the Wasatch Front's estimated 300,000 Latinos,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=4119456&itype=NGPSID|title=Latinos eye Utah for 2009 meeting|newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune|date=August 1, 2006|access-date=October 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221704/http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=4119456&itype=NGPSID|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Mexican President [[Vicente Fox]] began his 2006 US tour in Salt Lake City.

Salt Lake City is home to a [[Bosnian American]] community of more than 8,000, most of whom arrived during the [[Bosnian War]] in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 15, 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/us/15mall.html|author=Johnson, Kirk|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Anti-Bosnian Backlash Feared in Utah|access-date=February 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022095419/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/us/15mall.html?_r=0|archive-date=October 22, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The large Pacific Islander population, mainly [[Samoa]]n and [[Tonga]]n, is also centered in the Rose Park, Glendale, and Poplar Grove sectors. Most of Salt Lake City's ethnic Pacific Islanders are members of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/New-Mormon-Melting-Pot-Church-transcends-its-2987039.php|title=New Mormon Melting Pot/Church transcends its racist history|first=Don|last=Lattin|date=April 10, 1996|newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430015045/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F1996%2F04%2F10%2FMN72542.DTL|archive-date=April 30, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> though various Samoan and Tongan-speaking congregations are situated throughout the Salt Lake area including Samoan Congregational, Tongan Wesleyan Methodist, and Roman Catholic. Just outside Salt Lake City limits, newer immigrant communities include [[Nepal]]is, and refugees of Karen origin from [[Myanmar]] (former Burma). Salt Lake City also has the third largest Sri Lankan community in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Utah Community Data Project|url=http://ucdp.utah.edu/county/salt-lake-county/salt-lake-city/|website=The Utah Community Data Project|publisher=The Bureau of Economic and Business Research|access-date=July 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904055037/http://ucdp.utah.edu/county/salt-lake-county/salt-lake-city/|archive-date=September 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Salt Lake City has been considered one of the top 51 "gay-friendly places to live" in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Erin|url=https://www.deseret.com/2005/11/9/19921779/travel-book-to-highlight-salt-lake-as-gay-friendly-place-to-live|title=Travel book to highlight Salt Lake as 'gay-friendly place to live'|newspaper=Deseret News|location=Salt Lake City|date=November 9, 2005|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219171626/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,635159889,00.html|archive-date=February 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is home to a large, business savvy, organized, and politically supported gay community. Leaders of the [[ECUSA|Episcopal Church]]'s Diocese of Utah,<ref>{{cite news|last=Perkins|first=Nancy|url=https://www.deseret.com/2003/10/26/19792197/utah-episcopalians-support-gay-bishop|title=Utah Episcopalians support gay bishop|newspaper=Deseret News|date=October 26, 2003|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221110807/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,520033778,00.html|archive-date=February 21, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/5/22/19830304/bishop-explains-ousting-of-gay-episcopal-bishop|title=Bishop explains ousting of gay Episcopal bishop|newspaper=Deseret News|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=May 22, 2004|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219212827/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,595064969,00.html|archive-date=February 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as leaders of Utah's largest Jewish congregation, the Salt Lake Kol Ami,<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Kristy|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-64-2551-eye-on-the-rabbi.html|title=Eye on the Rabbi|newspaper=[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]|date=June 11, 2007|access-date=April 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021200737/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/article-64-2551-eye-on-the-rabbi.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> along with three elected representatives of the city identify themselves as gay. These developments have attracted controversy from socially conservative officials representing other regions of the state. A 2015 Williams Institute comparison of 50 Most Populous Metro Areas ranked by Gallup Daily tracking and the US Census, ranked SLC 7th in Metro areas, up from 39th in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |first=Gary J. |last=Gates |url=https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/lgbt-rankings-metro-areas/ |title=Comparing LGBT Rankings by Metro Area |publisher=Williams Institute, UCLA |date=March 2015 |access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref>

In 2007, Salt Lake City was ranked by ''Forbes'' as the most vain city in America, based on the number of plastic surgeons per 100,000 and their spending habits on cosmetics, which exceed cities of similar size.<ref>{{Cite news|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/11/29/plastic-health-surgery-forbeslife-cx_rr_1129health_slide_2.html|title=In Pictures: America's Vainest Cities|date=November 29, 2007|access-date=April 14, 2013|first=Rebecca|last=Ruiz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621224817/http://www.forbes.com/2007/11/29/plastic-health-surgery-forbeslife-cx_rr_1129health_slide_2.html|archive-date=June 21, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Forbes'' also found the city to be the 8th most stressful. In contrast to the 2007 ranking by ''Forbes'', a 2010 study conducted by Portfolio.com and bizjournals concluded Salt Lake City was the ''least'' stressful city in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|publisher=Portfolio.com|url=http://www.portfolio.com/special-reports/2010/09/07/detroit-tops-list-of-most-stressful-metropolitan-areas|title=A Stress Test for America|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=May 16, 2011|first=G. Scott|last=Thomas|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105212046/http://www.portfolio.com/special-reports/2010/09/07/detroit-tops-list-of-most-stressful-metropolitan-areas|archive-date=January 5, 2011}}</ref> In 2014, CNN deemed Salt Lake City to be the least stressed-out city in the United States, citing the low cost of living and abundance of jobs.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 25, 2014|url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/2014/06/25/least-stressed-out-cities/index.html|website=CNN Money|title=10 Least Stressed Out Cities|access-date=July 3, 2014|first=Melanie|last=Hicken|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704130943/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/pf/2014/06/25/least-stressed-out-cities/index.html|archive-date=July 4, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2008 study by the magazines ''Men's Health'' and ''Women's Health'' found Salt Lake City to be the healthiest city for women by looking at 38 different factors, including cancer rates, air quality, and the number of gym memberships.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE4BI4TH20081219|title=Salt Lake City, Madison healthiest US cities: study | Lifestyle|work=Reuters|date=December 19, 2008|access-date=April 14, 2013|first=Michelle|last=Nichols|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309095313/http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE4BI4TH20081219|archive-date=March 9, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Salt Lake City}}
[[File:Alta Albion Basin Entrance.jpg|thumb|Recreational tourism in the [[Wasatch Range|Wasatch Mountains]] is a major source of employment.]]
[[File:Slc gateway tower east.jpg|thumb|[[Zions Bancorporation]] headquarters in Salt Lake City]]
{{update section|date=July 2014}}
Historically known as the "Crossroads of the West" for its railroads, when nearby steel, mining and railroad operations provided a strong source of income with Silver King Coalition Mines, [[Geneva Steel]], [[Bingham Canyon Mine]], and [[oil refinery|oil refineries]], Salt Lake City's modern economy is service-oriented. Today the city's major sectors are government, trade, transportation, utilities, and professional and business services. The daytime population of Salt Lake City proper swells to over 315,000 people, not including tourists or students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt Lake City 2011 Mayor's recommended budget|page=A-11|access-date=February 22, 2012|url=http://www.slcclassic.com/finance/2012budget/mayorbudget2011.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513080920/http://www.slcclassic.com/finance/2012budget/mayorbudget2011.pdf|archive-date=May 13, 2012}}</ref>

Local, state, and federal governments have a large presence in the city, and trade, transportation, and utilities provide significant employment, with the major employer being the [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]] hub at [[Salt Lake City International Airport]]. Equally significant are the professional and business services, while health services and health educational services are significant areas of employment, including the largest health care provider in the Intermountain West, [[Intermountain Healthcare]]. Other major employers include the University of Utah, [[Sinclair Oil Corporation]], and [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].

Besides its central offices, [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] owns and operates a for-profit division, [[Deseret Management Corporation]] and its subsidiaries, which are headquartered in the city.

Salt Lake City is home to two Fortune 1000 companies, [[Zions Bancorporation]] and [[Questar Corporation (gas company)|Questar Corporation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Fortune 500|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2009/states/UT.html|magazine=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|access-date=April 13, 2013|date=May 4, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116130852/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2009/states/UT.html|archive-date=January 16, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[outdated source from 2013, Questar has since been acquired by Dominion]</ref> Other notable firms headquartered in the city include [[AlphaGraphics]], [[Alsco]], [[Sinclair Oil Corporation]], [[Smith's Food and Drug]] (owned by national grocer [[Kroger]]), [[MonaVie]], [[Myriad Genetics]], [[Creminelli Fine Meats]] and Vehix.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vehix.com/corporate/aboutUs/|title=Vehix|publisher=Vehix|access-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216211854/http://www.vehix.com//corporate/aboutUs/|archive-date=December 16, 2008 }}</ref> Notable firms based in nearby cities within the metropolitan area include [[Arctic Circle Restaurants]], [[FranklinCovey]], and [[Overstock.com]]. Metropolitan Salt Lake was also once the headquarters of [[American Stores]], the [[Skaggs Companies]], and [[Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution|ZCMI]], one of the first [[department store]]s; it is now owned by [[Macy's, Inc.]] Former ZCMI stores now operate under the Macy's label. High-tech firms with a large presence in the suburbs include [[Adobe Systems|Adobe]], [[eBay]], [[Unisys]], [[Siebel Systems|Siebel]], [[Micron Technology|Micron]], [[L-3 Communications]], [[Telarus]], and [[3M]]. [[Goldman Sachs]] has its second-largest presence in Salt Lake City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goldmansachs.com/careers/featured-locations/|title=Goldman Sachs {{!}} Careers – Featured Locations|website=Goldman Sachs|language=en-US|access-date=March 10, 2020}}</ref> It is categorized as a "Gamma−" [[global city]], according to the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]].<ref>{{cite web|title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2020|url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html|access-date=October 7, 2020|website=lboro.ac.uk}}</ref>

Other economic activities include tourism, conventions, and major suburban call centers. Tourism has increased since the [[2002 Olympic Winter Games]],<ref name="2006 tourism"/> and many hotels and restaurants were built for the events. The convention industry has expanded since construction of the [[Salt Palace]] convention center in the late 1990s, which hosts trade shows and conventions, including the [[Novell BrainShare]] conference. In 2020, Salt Lake City entered the bidding process to host the [[2030 Winter Olympics|2030 Winter Olympic]] and [[Paralympic Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2020 |title=Salt Lake City mulling 2034 Winter Olympics bid |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/28688033/salt-lake-city-ponders-2034-winter-olympics-bid-news-sapporo-interest-2030-games |access-date=May 17, 2022 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Stefanich |first1=Logan |title=Here's how the 2030 Winter Olympic Games could impact Utah's economy |url=https://www.ksl.com/article/50406600/heres-how-the-2030-winter-olympic-games-could-impact-utahs-economy |access-date=May 17, 2022 |website=www.ksl.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Law and government==
{{See also|List of mayors of Salt Lake City|Mayoral elections in Salt Lake City|Joe Hill (activist)#Trial}}
[[File:City and County Building SLC - circa 1894.jpg|thumb|right|Seat of Salt Lake City government {{Circa|1894}}]] The [[Salt Lake City and County Building]] has been the seat of city government since 1894. It also served as Utah's first statehouse from 1896 until the current [[Utah State Capitol]] was dedicated on October 9, 1916.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utahstatecapitol.utah.gov/history/history.html|title=Official Utah State Capitol history|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104060518/http://www.utahstatecapitol.utah.gov/history/history.html|archive-date=January 4, 2008}}</ref>
Since 1979, Salt Lake City has had a [[Non-partisan democracy|non-partisan]] [[Mayor-council government|mayor-council form of government]]. The mayor and the seven councillors are elected to staggered four-year terms. Council seats are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each councilor represents approximately 26,000 citizens. Officials are not subject to term limits.

Many municipal elections throughout Utah are non-partisan, with each able to opt for ranked choice voting .<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2021 |title=What you need to know about Utah's 2021 elections: Ranked choice voting, hot races and why clerks say voter fraud isn't an issue |url=https://www.deseret.com/utah/2021/10/26/22732793/what-you-need-to-know-about-utahs-2021-elections-ranked-choice-voting-and-races-to-watch-sandy |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> Members of the city council also serve as the governing board of the city's Redevelopment Agency.

{| class="toccolours floatleft" style="margin-right: 5px; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|'''Elected officials of Salt Lake City {{As of|2023|lc=y}}'''
|-
|'''Official'''||'''Position'''||'''Assumed office'''||'''Term ends'''
|-
|[[Erin Mendenhall]] (D)||Mayor||2020||2028
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|'''City Council'''
|-
|Victoria Petro-Eschler ||District 1||2022||2026
|-
|Alejandro Puy ||District 2||2022||2028
|-
|Chris Wharton||District 3||2018||2026
|-
|Eva Lopez Chavez ||District 4||2024||2028
|-
|Darin Mano, Chair ||District 5||2020||2026
|-
|Daniel E. Dugan ||District 6||2020||2028
|-
|Sarah Young<ref name="The Salt Lake Tribune 2023 r148">{{cite web | title=SLC Council appoints Sarah Young to fill seat vacated by Amy Fowler | website=The Salt Lake Tribune | date=July 14, 2023 | url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/2023/07/13/salt-lake-city-council-appoints/ | access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref> ||District 7||2023||2026{{efn|An off-cycle election was necessitated by the resignation of Amy Fowler in 2023.<ref name="FowlerVacancy">{{cite web | last=Williams | first=Carter | title=Embattled Salt Lake City Council member to resign after DUI arrest | website=KSL.com | date=May 30, 2023 | url=https://www.ksl.com/article/50656218/embattled-salt-lake-city-council-member-to-resign-after-dui-arrest | access-date=July 5, 2023}}</ref>}}
|}
Elections are held in odd-numbered years. Candidates take office in January of the following year.

The [[separation of church and state]] was the most heated topic in the days of the [[Liberal Party (Utah)|Liberal Party]] and [[People's Party of Utah]], when many candidates were also would-be LDS Church [[Bishop (Latter Day Saints)|bishops]]. This tension is still reflected today with the ''Bridging the Religious Divide'' campaign.<ref>{{cite news|author=[[Peggy Fletcher Stack|Stack, Peggy Fletcher]] |title= Mormons, non-Mormons clear the air |newspaper= [[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |location= Salt Lake City |date= January 21, 2006 |id= Accessed April 14, 2013}}</ref> This campaign was initiated when some city residents complained the Utah political establishment was unfair in its dealings with non-LDS residents by giving the LDS Church preferential treatment, while LDS residents perceived a growing [[anti-Mormon]] bias in city politics.

The city's political demographics are considerably more [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] than the rest of Utah. While Utah as a whole is a strongly [[conservatism|conservative]] and [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] state, Salt Lake City is considered a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] bastion. Since 1976, all of the city's mayors have been Democrats.

The city is home to several non-governmental think-tanks and advocacy groups such as the conservative Sutherland Institute, the progressive Alliance for a Better Utah, the gay-rights group Equality Utah, and the quality-growth advocates Envision Utah. Salt Lake hosted many foreign dignitaries during the 2002 Winter Olympics, and in 2006 the president of Mexico began his U.S. tour in the city and Israel's ambassador to the United States opened a cultural center.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.aifl.org/html/web/Lets_be_partners-May_2006_Utah.pdf | title=Let's be partners, Israel's ambassador urges governor | last=Kalev | first=Gol | access-date=April 14, 2013 | publisher=[[America–Israel Friendship League]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930015127/http://www.aifl.org/html/web/Lets_be_partners-May_2006_Utah.pdf | archive-date=September 30, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> President [[George W. Bush]] visited in 2005 and again in 2006 for national veterans' conventions; both visits were protested by then-Mayor [[Rocky Anderson]]. Other political leaders such as [[Howard Dean]] and [[Harry Reid]] gave speeches in the city in 2005.

In July 2013, a new Public Safety Building housing police, fire, and emergency dispatch employees opened. It was billed as the largest net zero energy building in the nation at opening, and is expected to be certified [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] Platinum.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=56618611&itype=CMSID|title=Salt Lake City Public Safety Building opens to fanfare|newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune|date=July 19, 2013|first=Jim II|last=Dalrymple|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221530/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/56618611-78/building-public-lake-safety.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Salt Lake City Fire Department operates out of 14 fire stations.

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Salt Lake City|Salt Lake County, Utah#Education|l2=Salt Lake County—Education}}
[[File:Jan 14 06 interior Salt Lake City library 2 UT USA.JPG|thumb|right|[[Salt Lake City Public Library]].]]
[[File:University of Utah Hospital in 2009.JPG|thumb|The [[University of Utah]] Medical Center]]
In 1847, LDS pioneer Jane Dillworth held the first classes in her tent for the children of the first LDS families. In the last part of the 19th century, there was a lot controversy over how children in the area should be educated. LDS and non-LDS members could not agree on the level of religious influence in schools. Today, many LDS youths in grades 9 through 12 attend some form of religious instruction in addition to the public-school sessions, referred to as [[LDS Seminaries|seminary]]. Students are released from public schools at various times of the day to attend seminary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acluutah.org/seminary.htm|title=LDS Seminary in Public Schools|publisher=[[American Civil Liberties Union]]|date=August 2007|access-date=April 14, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117093623/http://www.acluutah.org/seminary.htm|archive-date=January 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=50172502&itype=CMSID|title=Guv claims Corroon could eliminate LDS seminary|newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune|first=Robert|last=Gehrke|date=August 27, 2010|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221534/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/home/50172502-76/corroon-herbert-education-governor.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> LDS seminaries are often on church-owned property adjacent to the public school and within walking distance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/si/seminary?lang=eng|title=Seminary|publisher=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325172830/https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/si/seminary?lang=eng|archive-date=March 25, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Due to high birth rates and large classrooms, Utah spends less per student than any other state, yet also spends more per capita (of total state population) than any state with the exception of Alaska. Money is always a challenge, and many businesses donate to support schools. Several districts have set up foundations to raise money. Recently, money was approved for the reconstruction of more than half of the elementary schools and one of the middle schools in the [[Salt Lake City School District]], which serves most of the area within the city limits. There are twenty-three K-6 elementary schools, five 7–8 middle schools, three 9–12 high schools (Highland, East, and West, with the former [[South High School (Salt Lake City)|South High]] being converted to the South City campus of the [[Salt Lake Community College]]), and an alternative high school (Horizonte) within the school district. In addition, Highland has recently been selected as the site for the charter school Salt Lake School for the Performing Arts (SPA). Many Catholic schools are in the city, including [[Judge Memorial Catholic High School]]. [[Rowland Hall-St. Mark's School]], established in 1867 by [[Episcopalianism|Episcopal]] Bishop [[Daniel Tuttle]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Quinn|first=Frederick|title=Building the "Goodly Fellowship of Faith" – A History of the Episcopal Church in Utah – 1867–1996|publisher=[[Utah State University Press]]|location=Logan UT|year=2004|chapter=1}}</ref> is the area's premier independent school.

The [[Salt Lake City Public Library]] system consists of the main library downtown, and five branches in various neighborhoods. The main library, designed by renowned architect [[Moshe Safdie]], opened in 2003. In 2006, the Salt Lake City Public Library was named "Library of the Year" by the [[American Library Association]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6341871.html|title=Gale/LJ Library of the Year 2006: Salt Lake City Public Library-Where Democracy Happens|last=Berry|first=John N.|magazine=[[Library Journal]]|date=June 15, 2006|access-date=April 14, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120065734/http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6341871.html|archive-date=January 20, 2013}}</ref>

Postsecondary educational options in Salt Lake City include the [[University of Utah]], [[Westminster College, Salt Lake City|Westminster College]], Salt Lake Community College, [[Eagle Gate College]], [[Peter Prier|Violin Making School of America (now named Peter Prier & Sons Violins)]], and [[Ensign College]] (formally LDS Business College). [[Utah State University]], [[Neumont College of Computer Science]] and [[BYU Salt Lake Center|Brigham Young University]] also operate education centers in the city. There are also many trade and technical schools such as Healing Mountain Massage School and the Utah College of Massage Therapy. The University of Utah is noted for its research and medical programs. It was one of the original four universities to be connected to [[ARPANET]], the predecessor to the Internet,<ref>{{cite web|last=Leiner|first=Barry M.|author2=Robert E. Kahn|author3=Jon Postel|title=A Brief History of the Internet|url=http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml|publisher=[[Internet Society]]|access-date=May 18, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918213304/http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml|archive-date=September 18, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> in 1969, and was the site of the first [[artificial heart]] [[heart transplantation|transplant]] in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|title=University Health Care Milestones|url=http://healthcare.utah.edu/about/history.htm|publisher=[[University of Utah Hospital|University of Utah Health Care]]|access-date=April 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209212333/http://healthcare.utah.edu/about/history.htm|archive-date=February 9, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Located in Salt Lake City, the [[Institute of Human Anatomy]] is a privately owned human cadaver lab.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mumford |first=Jacqueline |date=2023-04-11 |title=This cadaver lab is educating the masses on their own bodies |url=https://www.utahbusiness.com/this-viral-cadaver-lab-is-educating-the-masses-on-their-own-bodies/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Utah Business |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Museums and the arts===
[[File:Denver & Rio Grande Western Depot in SLC - Feb 3, 2011.jpg|thumb|The [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Depot (Salt Lake City)|Denver and Rio Grande Western Depot]] now serves as home to the Utah Department of Heritage and Arts and the Rio Gallery.]]
Salt Lake City is home to several museums. Near Temple Square is the [[Church History Museum]]. Operated by the LDS Church, the museum contains collections of artifacts, documents, art, photographs, tools, clothing and furniture from the [[History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|history of the LDS Church]], which spans nearly two centuries. West of Temple Square, at [[The Gateway (Salt Lake City)|The Gateway]], is the [[Clark Planetarium]], which houses an [[IMAX]] theater, and [[Discovery Gateway]], a children's museum. The University of Utah campus is home to the [[Utah Museum of Fine Arts]] as well as the [[Natural History Museum of Utah]]. Other museums in the area include the Utah State Historical Society, [[Daughters of Utah Pioneers]] Memorial Museum, [[Fort Douglas, Utah|Fort Douglas Military Museum]], the Social Hall Heritage Museum, and The Leonardo, a new art, science and technology museum housed in the previous Salt Lake City Library building.

Salt Lake City is home to several classic movie theaters including the [[Tower Theatre (Salt Lake City, Utah)|Tower Theatre]] and the Broadway Theater, both of which host the Salt Lake Film Society members and shows. The Utah Film Center hosts free film screenings, many with post film Q and A's with filmmakers or subject experts every Tuesday night at the Salt Lake Public Library and monthly at the Rose Wagner Theater.

On December 5, 2007, the Salt Lake Chamber and Downtown Alliance announced a two-block section of downtown south of the planned City Creek Center is planned to become a new arts hub. This will include renovations to two theaters in the area and a new theater with a seating capacity of 2,400 and increased space for galleries and artists. The opening of the new facilities was anticipated to coincide with the opening of the City Creek Center in 2011, but they have yet to be completed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Page|first=Jared|url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/12/6/20057631/2-salt-lake-blocks-may-become-arts-hub|title=2 Salt Lake City blocks may become arts hub|newspaper=Deseret News|date=December 6, 2007|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229040505/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1%2C5143%2C695233735%2C00.html|archive-date=December 29, 2008}}</ref> The $81.5 million theater site was announced, and attempts to secure funding began.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2008/10/16/20280512/new-theater-is-coming-to-regent-street|title=New theater is coming to Regent Street|last=Page|first=Jared|newspaper=Deseret News|date=October 15, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016184002/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1%2C5143%2C705255543%2C00.html|archive-date=October 16, 2008}}</ref> The theater plans have come under criticism, however, especially from nearby smaller theaters which host [[Off-Broadway]] tours and claim such a theater cannot be supported and will hurt their business.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2008/10/17/20280790/many-are-questioning-necessity-of-salt-lake-theater|title=Many are questioning necessity of Salt Lake theater|last=Hansen|first=Erica|newspaper=Deseret News|date=October 17, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120183626/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705255938/Many-are-questioning-necessity-of-Salt-Lake-theater.html|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Performing arts===
[[File:Slc abravanel hall.jpg|thumb|Abravanel Hall]]
Salt Lake City provides venues for both professional and amateur theatre. The city attracts traveling Broadway and Off-Broadway performances in the historic Capitol Theatre. Local professional acting companies include the [[Pioneer Theatre Company]], Salt Lake Acting Company, and [[Plan-B Theatre Company]], which is the only theatre company in Utah fully devoted to developing new plays by Utah playwrights. The Off-Broadway Theatre, in Salt Lake's historic Clift Building,<ref>On the NW corner of Main/300 South Streets</ref> features comedy plays and Utah's longest-running [[improv comedy]] troupe, Laughing Stock.

Salt Lake City is home to [[The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square]], founded in 1847 as the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. The choir's weekly program, called ''[[Music and the Spoken Word]]'', is the world's longest-running continuous network broadcast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fans.musicandthespokenword.org/history/|title=Music & the Spoken Word — History|publisher=[[Bonneville International|Bonneville Communications]]|access-date=April 14, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224090814/http://fans.musicandthespokenword.org/history/|archive-date=December 24, 2012}}</ref> Salt Lake City is the home to the [[Utah Symphony Orchestra]], which was founded in 1940 and grew to become a major US orchestra during the tenure of its former music director, [[Maurice Abravanel]], who led the orchestra from 1947 through 1979. Its music director is [[Thierry Fischer]]. The orchestra's original home was the [[Salt Lake Tabernacle]], but since 1979 has performed at [[Abravanel Hall]] in the western downtown area. In 2002, Utah Symphony merged with [[Utah Opera]], which was founded in 1978 by Glade Peterson and under its Artistic Director Christopher McBeth annually presents four opera productions in the Capitol Theatre. Salt Lake City area is home to the renowned children's choir from The Madeleine Choir School, and the Salt Lake Children's Choir (established in 1979).

The University of Utah is home to two highly ranked dance departments, the Ballet Department and the [[University of Utah Department of Modern Dance|Department of Modern Dance]]. Professional dance companies in Salt Lake City include [[Ballet West]], [[Ririe-Woodbury Dance Company]] (which celebrated its 45th anniversary season in 2008/2009) and [[Repertory Dance Theatre]]. The [[Rose Wagner Performing Arts Center]] is host to both RWDC and RDT.

===Music===
The city has an eclectic music scene that includes hip hop, blues, rock and roll, rockabilly, punk, deathcore, horrorcore and indie groups. Popular groups or persons who started in the Wasatch Front area, or were raised in and influenced by it, include [[Iceburn]], [[Eagle Twin]], [[the Almost]], [[the Brobecks]], [[Meg and Dia]], [[Royal Bliss]], [[Shedaisy]], [[the Summer Obsession]], [[Theater of Ice]], [[the Used]] and [[Chelsea Grin (band)|Chelsea Grin]]. Salt Lake has an underground metal scene with bands such as [[Gaza (band)|Gaza]] and [[Bird Eater (band)|Bird Eater]]. During the summer, Salt Lake City hosts the Twilight Concert series, a low-cost summer concert series. The series has been a part of the Salt Lake City music scene since the late 1980s. In 2010, crowds peaked at 40,000 attendees in downtown's Pioneer Park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fox13now.com/news/local/kstu-modest-mouse-starts-off-first-twilight-concert-series-for-summer-2010,0,5981477.story|title=Pioneer packed as nearly 40K jam Twilight Concert opening|publisher=Fox13|date=July 8, 2010|access-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006095547/http://www.fox13now.com/news/local/kstu-modest-mouse-starts-off-first-twilight-concert-series-for-summer-2010%2C0%2C5981477.story|archive-date= October 6, 2011}}</ref>

===Festivals===
{{Cleanup list|section|date=February 2022}}
Salt Lake City has a thriving festival culture. Various festivals happen throughout the year, celebrating the diversity of the valley's communities. From culture, food, religion and spirituality, to dance, music, spoken word, and film, almost any type of festival can be found. Many of the festivals have been ongoing for decades.

[[File:Rainbow flag at Utah Pride.JPG|right|thumb|upright=2|The [[Rainbow flag (LGBT)|rainbow flag]] at the conclusion of the 2014 Utah Pride parade.]]
The Utah Pride Festival is an annual [[LGBTQ]] festival, held in June. Started in 1983, it has grown to a three-day festival with attendance exceeding 50,000. It is sponsored by the [[Utah Pride Center]]. The Utah Pride Festival is Salt Lake City's second largest festival, after Days of '47, and is one of the nation's largest Pride festivals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitsaltlake.com/blog/post/2015/5/Surprise-Utah-Pride-Festival-Among-Nation-s-Biggest-and-Best-Pride-Weekends/8222/|title=Surprise! Utah Pride Festival Among Nation's Biggest and Best Pride Weekends|publisher=Visit Salt Lake|date=May 5, 2015|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002065504/http://www.visitsaltlake.com/blog/post/2015/5/Surprise-Utah-Pride-Festival-Among-Nation-s-Biggest-and-Best-Pride-Weekends/8222/|archive-date=October 2, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahpride.org/info/history|title=Utah Pride Festival 2012 – History of the Utah Pride Festival|publisher=Utahpride.org|access-date=January 17, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211235254/http://utahpride.org/info/history|archive-date=February 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Albo|first=Mike|url=http://www.advocate.com/Print_Issue/Travel/Gayest_Cities_in_America_February_2011/|title=Gayest Cities in America|publisher=The Advocate|access-date=January 17, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114220038/http://www.advocate.com/Print_Issue/Travel/Gayest_Cities_in_America_February_2011/|archive-date=January 14, 2011}}</ref> The festival includes hundreds of vendors, food, music stars, a [[5k run]], a dyke and trans march,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=51917414&itype=cmsid|title=Pride Festival features locally nurtured singer|website=The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref> and an interfaith service by the Utah Pride Interfaith Coalition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utahpridefestival.org/festivities/pride-interfaith-service/|title=Pride Interfaith Service|publisher=Utah Pride Center|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090247/http://www.utahpridefestival.org/festivities/pride-interfaith-service/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Utah Arts Festival has been held annually since 1977 with an average attendance of 80,000. About 130 booths are available for visual artists, and five performance venues for musicians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaf.org/|title=Utah Arts Festival|publisher=Utah Arts Festival|access-date=April 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416225510/http://uaf.org/|archive-date=April 16, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Dark Arts Festival is an annual 3-day festival dedicated to the goth and industrial subcultures. The festival started in 1993, and is hosted at the local goth club Area 51.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fox13now.com/2013/06/09/uniquely-utah-dark-arts-festival/|title=Uniquely Utah: Dark Arts Festival|publisher=Fox 13 News|date=June 9, 2013|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021224326/http://fox13now.com/2013/06/09/uniquely-utah-dark-arts-festival/|archive-date=October 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slugmag.com/show-reviews/dark-arts-festival-area-51-0620-22|title=Dark Arts Festival @ Area 51 06. 20–22|publisher=Slug Magazine|date=June 27, 2014|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090247/http://www.slugmag.com/show-reviews/dark-arts-festival-area-51-0620-22/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/TheDailyFeed/archives/2009/06/12/dark-arts-festival|title=Dark Arts Festival|publisher=City Weekly|date=June 12, 2009|access-date=September 16, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021224332/http://www.cityweekly.net/TheDailyFeed/archives/2009/06/12/dark-arts-festival|archive-date=October 21, 2015}}</ref> The festival contracts bands to play during the event. 2015's lineup included Tragic Black, The Gothsicles, Adrian H & the Wounds, and Hocico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/festivals/1368029-dark-arts-of-utah/id/24449349-dark-arts-festival-of-utah-2015|title=Dark Arts of Utah 2015|publisher=Songkick|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907200311/http://www.songkick.com/festivals/1368029-dark-arts-of-utah/id/24449349-dark-arts-festival-of-utah-2015|archive-date=September 7, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Hocico on Stage at the 2015 Dark Arts Festival.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Hocico performing at the 2015 Dark Arts Festival]]

The Utah Arts Alliance hosts an annual Urban Arts Festival, usually drawing over 20,000, and featuring artists displaying and selling paintings, sculpture, photography, and jewelry. Live music is provided, mixing rock, hip hop, R&B, funk, and jazz, and workshops for interests such as skateboarding and gardening take place. The festival also hosts the Voice of the City film festival which allows local filmmakers to show their version of Salt Lake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanartsfest.org/about|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427003606/http://www.urbanartsfest.org/about|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 27, 2013|title=Urban Arts Festival|publisher=Urban Arts Festival|access-date=September 17, 2015}}</ref>

The Jewish Arts Festival, hosted by the IJ and Jeanné Wagner JCC of Salt Lake City, showcases Jewish culture through workshops, theater, food, film, art, and contemporary music from the local and global Jewish communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcjcc.org/community-events/jewish-arts-festival|title=Jewish Arts Festival|publisher=IJ and Jeanné Wagner JCC|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112113/http://www.slcjcc.org/community-events/jewish-arts-festival|archive-date=September 7, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/jewish-arts-festival/Content?oid=2150544|title=Jewish Arts Festival|publisher=City Weekly|date=November 11, 2010|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/jewish-arts-festival/Content?oid=2150544|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Sugar House neighborhood<ref>Centered around 2100 South/1100 East Streets</ref> holds an annual arts festival on July 4, with local artists, performances, music, food, and vendors. The festival coincides with the fireworks show at [[Sugar House Park]] in the evening.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/sugar-house-arts-festival/Content?oid=2146752|title=Sugar House Arts Festival|publisher=City Weekly|date=July 1, 2010|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/sugar-house-arts-festival/Content?oid=2146752|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sugarhousechamber.org/ArtsFest|title=Sugar House Arts Festival|publisher=Sugar House Chamber of Commerce|access-date= September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://sugarhousechamber.org/ArtsFest|archive-date= October 16, 2015}}</ref>

Salt Lake City also hosts portions of the [[Sundance Film Festival]]. The festival, which is held each year, brings many cultural icons, movie stars, celebrities, and thousands of film buffs to see the largest independent film festival in the United States. The headquarters of the event is in nearby [[Park City, Utah|Park City]]. There are several other annual festivals, including FilmQuest, Salty Horror Con & Film, Damn These Heels, and the Voice of the city. FilmQuest began in 2014 and features selected genres such as fantasy and science fiction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/filmquest-film-festival/Content?oid=2860770|title=FilmQuest Film Festival|publisher=City Weekly|date=June 17, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925112324/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/filmquest-film-festival/Content?oid=2860770|archive-date=September 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Salty Horror, which began in 2010, is a competition-based horror film festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saltyhorrorcon.cadaverlab.com/?page_id=24|title=Film Festival|publisher=Salty Horror Con & Film Festival|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://saltyhorrorcon.cadaverlab.com/?page_id=24|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref> The Utah Film Center presents two annual film festivals Damn These Heels, which began in 1994 focuses on independent, documentary, and foreign feature-length films surrounding LGBTQ issues, ideas, and art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahfilmcenter.org/dth2015/about/|title=Damn These Heels Film Festival|publisher=Utah Film Center|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904033427/http://utahfilmcenter.org/dth2015/about/|archive-date=September 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/damn-these-heels-film-festival-2014/Content?oid=2453024|title=Damn These Heels Film Festival|publisher=City Weekly|date=July 9, 2014|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/damn-these-heels-film-festival-2014/Content?oid=2453024|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The second festival of the Utah Film center is the Tumbleweeds film festival for kids. This festival began in 2010, allows families to experience international films and media workshops. Tumbleweeds works to increasing kids awareness of different cultures, encourages independent voices, nurtures media making skills and strengthens critical review. Voice of the City film festival is part of the Urban Arts Festival and allows local filmmakers to show their version of Salt Lake.

The 2015 Great Salt Lake Fringe Festival was the first performance festival in Salt Lake City. The 4-day festival included various performances involving music, dance, theatre, spoken word, circus arts, magic, and puppetry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatsaltlakefringe.org/what-is-a-fringe-festival/|title=Great Salt Lake Fringe Festival|publisher=Great Salt Lake Fringe|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090251/http://www.greatsaltlakefringe.org/what-is-a-fringe-festival/|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-wasatch-front-/great-salt-lake-fringe-festival-taking-over-sugar-house|title=Great Salt Lake Fringe Festival Taking Over Sugar House|publisher=Good 4 Utah|date=August 6, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909161903/http://www.good4utah.com/news/local-wasatch-front-/great-salt-lake-fringe-festival-taking-over-sugar-house|archive-date=September 9, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Living Traditions Festival is a 3-day multicultural arts festival hosted by the Salt Lake City Arts Council, started in 1985. The festival celebrates traditional dance, music, crafts and food from the various contemporary ethnic communities of Salt Lake City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://livingtraditionsfestival.com/about-living-traditions/|title=Living Traditions Festival|publisher=Salt Lake City Arts Council|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://livingtraditionsfestival.com/about-living-traditions/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/entertainment/2488128-155/salt-lake-citys-living-traditions-festival|title=Salt Lake City's Living Traditions Festival Celebrates 30 years of Ethnic Food, Music, and Dance|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=August 6, 2015|access-date=May 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514160423/http://www.sltrib.com/entertainment/2488128-155/salt-lake-citys-living-traditions-festival|archive-date=May 14, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Earth Jam is an annual festival celebrated in Salt Lake's Liberty Park to celebrate Earth Day through music. The free festival focuses on music, and hosts speakers, vendors, food, performing art, a Goddess pageant, and children's garden.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earth-jam.org/|title=Earth Jam|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.earth-jam.org/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Live Green SLC! Festival aims to showcase sustainable products, ideas, and solutions from renewable technologies for the everyday household.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://livegreenslc.com/|title=Live Green SLC! Festival|publisher=Live Green SLC|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007063711/http://livegreenslc.com/|archive-date=October 7, 2015}}</ref> The festival promotes education, sustainability, and accessibility to green and organic products and services.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/54055094-78/green-festival-friendly-products.html.csp|title=Festival Shows Environmentally Green Products, Services|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=May 5, 2012|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/54055094-78/green-festival-friendly-products.html.csp|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Craft Lake City]] DIY (Do-It-Yourself) festival is an artisan festival that promotes the use of science and technology to help local artists produce their crafts such as silk screens, jewelry, and other mediums. The festival promotes education through workshops, galleries, and demonstrations which includes various vendors and food.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://craftlakecity.com/about/organization-background/?c=s|title=DIY Festival|publisher=Craft Lake City|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://craftlakecity.com/about/organization-background/?c=s|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref>

The 9th and 9th Street Festival is an annual neighborhood festival celebration of art, music, and crafts, held at 900 East/900 South Streets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://9thand9thstreetfestival.com/vendors/vendor-application/|title=9th and 9th Street Festival|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920053632/http://9thand9thstreetfestival.com/vendors/vendor-application/|archive-date=September 20, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Carmelite Festival 2015 live band with the Carmelite Monastery of Salt Lake City seen in back.jpg|thumb|right|Carmelite Festival 2015 live band at the Carmelite Monastery of Salt Lake City]]
The Catholic Nuns of Carmelite Monastery hold an annual fair each autumn in [[Holladay, Utah|Holladay]], a suburb of Salt Lake City. The festival includes music, food, a live auction, Golf for the Nuns tournament, a prize giveaway, and a 5k Run for the Nuns road race.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.carmelslc.org/|title= Carmel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary|publisher= Carmelite Monastery|access-date= September 17, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150831155414/http://www.carmelslc.org/|archive-date= August 31, 2015|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865611075/Mormon-neighbors-help-Catholic-nuns-with-annual-Carmelite-Fair.html?pg=all|title= Mormon Neighbors help Catholic Nuns with Annual Carmelite Fair|newspaper= Deseret News|date= September 16, 2014|access-date= September 17, 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865611075/Mormon-neighbors-help-Catholic-nuns-with-annual-Carmelite-Fair.html?pg=all|archive-date= October 16, 2015|url-status= live}}</ref>

The Sri Sri Ganesh Hindu Temple of Utah, in Salt Lake City, has an annual Ganesh Festival called Ganesh Chathurthi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utahganesha.org/|title=Ganesh Chathurthi Celebrations 2015|publisher=Sri Sri Ganesh Hindu Temple of Utah|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918055749/http://utahganesha.org/|archive-date=September 18, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The 10-day festival is devoted to rites of worship of the Hindu God Ganesh. In 2014 the festival was hosted at the Krishna Temple of Salt Lake since the Ganesh temple's exterior was under construction, which made the inner temple inaccessible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgurukul.org/2014/09/15/gurukul-have-been-invited-for-ganesh-festival-on-sunday-at-1030-am-see-the-details-below/|title=Gurukul Have Been Invited for Ganehs Festival|publisher=SLC Gurukul|date=September 15, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.slcgurukul.org/2014/09/15/gurukul-have-been-invited-for-ganesh-festival-on-sunday-at-1030-am-see-the-details-below/|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref>

India Fest is hosted by the Krishna Temples of Salt Lake City and Spanish Fork, Utah. The festival includes food, dances, drama and a pageant of the Ramayana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utahkrishnas.org/26th-annual-india-fest-this-saturday-a-sunday/|title=26th Annual India Fest this Saturday & Sunday|date=September 18, 2012|publisher=Utah Krishnas|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.utahkrishnas.org/26th-annual-india-fest-this-saturday-a-sunday/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2011 the Krishna Temple of Salt Lake City has held an annual [[Festival of Colors]], similar to the famous festival at the Krishna Temple in [[Spanish Fork, Utah|Spanish Fork]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/news/2488827-155/salt-lake-city-krishna-temple-celebrates|title=Salt Lake City Krishna Temple Celebrates with Festival of Colors|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=May 9, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.sltrib.com/news/2488827-155/salt-lake-city-krishna-temple-celebrates|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Great Salt Lake City Yoga Festival was in its fifth year (as of 2015). 2015 saw the first Downtown Yoga festival in Salt Lake City. Both festivals are intended to inspire yogis in the community by teaching about yoga, healthy living, raw food, and traditional yoga music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.downtownyogafest.com/about-us/|title=Downtown Yoga Festivals|date=November 10, 2014|publisher=Great Salt Lake City Yoga Festival|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906214037/http://www.downtownyogafest.com/about-us/|archive-date=September 6, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://fox13now.com/2015/05/23/yoga-festival-in-downtown-salt-lake-city-kicks-off-its-first-year/|title=Yoga Festival in Downtown Salt Lake City Kicks Off its First Year|publisher=Fox 13 News|date=May 23, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928030151/http://fox13now.com/2015/05/23/yoga-festival-in-downtown-salt-lake-city-kicks-off-its-first-year/|archive-date=September 28, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Harts Hearth Clan of Tooele, Utah performing the closing Norse rite, Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day 2015.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Harts Hearth Clan of Tooele, Utah performing the closing Norse rite, Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day 2015]]
The local Pagan community has celebrated an annual Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day since 2001. The festival features rituals, workshops, dancers, bards, vendors, and requires only a can of food donation for admission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saltlakeppd.wix.com/slcpp|title=Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day|publisher=Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://saltlakeppd.wix.com/slcpp|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/54859776-78/pagan-pride-salt-lake.html.csp|title=Utah's Pagan Community Grows|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=September 10, 2012|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/54859776-78/pagan-pride-salt-lake.html.csp|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/pagan-pride-days-kasey-conder/Content?oid=2148744|title=Pagan Pride Days Kasey Conder|publisher=City Weekly|date=September 6, 2010|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.cityweekly.net/utah/pagan-pride-days-kasey-conder/Content?oid=2148744|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slpagansociety.org/2010/09/12/pagan-pride-day-successful/|title=Pagan Pride Day 2010 Successful|publisher=Salt Lake Pagan Society|date=September 12, 2010|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://slpagansociety.org/2010/09/12/pagan-pride-day-successful/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slpagansociety.org/2011/09/10/salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2011/|title=Salt Lake Pagan Pride Day 2011|publisher=Salt Lake Pagan Society|date=September 10, 2011|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://slpagansociety.org/2011/09/10/salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2011/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slpagansociety.org/2012/09/10/salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2012-a-blast/|title=Salt Lake Pagan Pride Day 2012~ A Blast!|publisher=Salt Lake Pagan Society|date=September 10, 2012|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://slpagansociety.org/2012/09/10/salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2012-a-blast/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slpagansociety.org/2013/09/16/salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2013-successful/|title=Salt Lake Pagan Pride Day 2013 Full of Fun!|publisher=Salt Lake Pagan Society|date=September 16, 2013|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://slpagansociety.org/2013/09/16/salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2013-successful/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slpagansociety.org/2014/09/06/13th-annual-salt-lake-city-pagan-pride-day/|title=13th Annual Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day 2014|publisher=Salt Lake Pagan Society|date=September 6, 2014|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919095936/http://slpagansociety.org/2014/09/06/13th-annual-salt-lake-city-pagan-pride-day/|archive-date=September 19, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slpagansociety.org/2015/09/14/14th-annual-salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2015/|title=14th Annual Salt Lake City Pagan Pride Day 2015– Harvest Blessings!|publisher=Salt Lake Pagan Society|date=September 14, 2015|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929010320/http://slpagansociety.org/2015/09/14/14th-annual-salt-lake-pagan-pride-day-2015/|archive-date=September 29, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Steampunk tarot readings at the 2015 Salt City Steamfest.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Cosplayers (left) receive steampunk tarot readings at the 2015 Salt City Steamfest]]
Members of the [[steampunk]] subculture have an annual two-day festival, Steamfest. It hosts vendors, panels, and cosplayers dressed in the fashion of various punk cultures, mostly around steam, deco, and diesel punk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saltcitysteamfest.com/|title=Salt City Steamfest|publisher=Salt City Steamfest|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910164955/http://www.saltcitysteamfest.com/|archive-date=September 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityweekly.net/TheDailyFeed/archives/2015/07/17/salt-city-steamfest|title=Salt City Steamfest: a Look into the SLC Steampunk Fest Happening July 17–18|publisher=City Weekly|date=July 17, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status= dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.cityweekly.net/TheDailyFeed/archives/2015/07/17/salt-city-steamfest|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[Rose Park, Salt Lake City|Rose Park]] hosts an annual spring festival, to display the community's diversity. It includes dancers, music, a 5k run, silent auction and food.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roseparkfestival.com/2015_RPCF/Welcome.html|title=Rose Park Community Festival|publisher=Rose Park Community Council|access-date=September 21, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.roseparkfestival.com/2015_RPCF/Welcome.html|archive-date=October 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Attendees at the 2014 Greek Festival in Salt Lake City, Utah.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The 2014 Greek Festival]]
The Greek Festival, held at the downtown Greek Orthodox Church cathedral during the weekend after Labor Day, celebrates Utah's Greek heritage. The 3-day event includes Greek music, dance groups, cathedral tours, booths and a large buffet. Attendance ranges from 35,000 to 50,000. It celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2015.

Two Italian-themed annual fests are held in Salt Lake City. The Italian cultural street festival Ferragosto (in August) celebrates Italian food and culture from Italian communities in Salt Lake City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italianinutah.com/ferragosto/ferragosto.htm|title=Ferragosto Italian Cultural Street Fair in "Little Italy"|publisher=Ferragosto|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831011658/http://www.italianinutah.com/ferragosto/ferragosto.htm|archive-date=August 31, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Festa Italian is a 2-day festival in September that highlights regions of Italy with music, food, and entertainment. The proceeds go to local charities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festaitalianaslc.com/about/|title=Festa Italiana|access-date=September 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185927/http://www.festaitalianaslc.com/about/|archive-date=September 7, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other cultural festivals in Salt Lake City include the Peruvian Festival,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fox13now.com/2014/07/25/event-organizers-invite-utah-community-to-saturdays-peruvian-festival/|title=Event Organizers Invite Utah Community To Saturday's Peruvian Festival|publisher=Fox 13 News|date=July 25, 2014|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://fox13now.com/2014/07/25/event-organizers-invite-utah-community-to-saturdays-peruvian-festival/|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the Utah Brazilian Festival,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utahbrazilianfestival.com/UBF/about-us.html|title=Utah Brazilian Festival|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912154453/http://www.utahbrazilianfestival.com/UBF/about-us.html|archive-date=September 12, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Polynesian Cultural Festival,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865634761/North-Salt-Lake-to-host-Polynesian-Cultural-Festival.html|title=North Salt Lake to Host Polynesian Cultural Festival Next Weekend|newspaper=Deseret News|date=August 17, 2015|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912215215/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865634761/North-Salt-Lake-to-host-Polynesian-Cultural-Festival.html|archive-date=September 12, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the Nihon Matsuri Japanese Festival,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nihonmatsuri.com/history.html |title=Nihon Matsuri Japanese Festival Salt Lake City, Utah|publisher=Nihon Matsuri Japanese Festival|access-date=September 16, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003132945/http://www.nihonmatsuri.com/history.html|archive-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref> and the Buddhist Obon Japanese Festival.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=30670123|title=Utah Buddhists to Celebrate Japanese Festival of Joy|publisher=KSL|date=July 11, 2014|access-date=September 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/https://www.ksl.com/?nid=148&sid=30670123|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Conventions===
Salt Lake City is host to a number of conventions that come to the Crossroads of the West. With several large venues, including the [[Salt Palace]] and [[Delta Center]] in downtown, Salt Lake is capable of accommodating conventions upwards of 100,000 people.
[[File:Crowds in the Salt Palace Convention Center at the 2014 Salt Lake Comic Con in Salt Lake City, Utah.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|2015 [[Comic-con|Comic Con]] at Salt Palace Convention Center]]
[[Salt Lake Comic Con]], which started in 2013, had over 100,000 attendance within its first few years. Because of this, Salt Lake Comic Con started having a second event, FanX (Fan Experience) to give those who were not able to come to the fall Comic Con, a spring-time opportunity. The convention broke inaugural records in 2013, hosting the largest crowd of any inaugural comic convention.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865586042/Shatner-Lee-and-record-breaking-crowds-Inaugural-Salt-Lake-Comic-Con-ends-with-a-bang.html?pg=all|title=Shatner, Lee and Record Breaking Crowds Inaugural Salt Lake Comic Con Ends with a Bang|newspaper=Deseret News|date=September 9, 2013|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926080619/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865586042/Shatner-Lee-and-record-breaking-crowds-Inaugural-Salt-Lake-Comic-Con-ends-with-a-bang.html?pg=all|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The second event, FanX of 2014, and the fall event of 2014 both broke attendance records for the event, surpassing 120,000 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865610424/Despite-growing-pains-Salt-Lake-Comic-Con-nets-another-record-breaking-event.html|title=Despite Growing Pains, SL Comic Con Nets Another Record-Breaking Event|newspaper=Deseret News|date=September 6, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926080622/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865610424/Despite-growing-pains-Salt-Lake-Comic-Con-nets-another-record-breaking-event.html|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The convention was sued<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/2691461-155/salt-lake-san-diego-comic-con-lawsuit|title=Salt Lake, San Diego Comic-Con Lawsuit Headed to Trial|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=July 2, 2015|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905044449/http://www.sltrib.com/home/2691461-155/salt-lake-san-diego-comic-con-lawsuit|archive-date=September 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865611604/Trademark-battle-Salt-Lake-convention-cites-other-events-named-comic-con-in-latest-court-filing.html?pg=all|title=Trademark Battle: Salt Lake Convention Cites Other Events Named "Comic Con" in Latest Court Filing|newspaper=Deseret News|date=September 23, 2014|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926080625/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865611604/Trademark-battle-Salt-Lake-convention-cites-other-events-named-comic-con-in-latest-court-filing.html?pg=all|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> by San Diego Comic Con, but won the right to use the trademark of comic con in its name.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/2761231-155/salt-lake-scores-win-with-trademark|title=Salt Lake Scores Win With Trademark Office Amid San Diego Comic-Con Lawsuit|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=July 23, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926043906/http://www.sltrib.com/home/2761231-155/salt-lake-scores-win-with-trademark|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saltlakecomiccon.com/san-diego-comic-con-intl-vs-salt-lake-comic-con-3/|title=San Diego Comic-Con International vs. SL Comic Con Court Documents|publisher=Salt Lake Comic Con|access-date=September 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917181351/http://saltlakecomiccon.com/san-diego-comic-con-intl-vs-salt-lake-comic-con-3/|archive-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, [[Stan Lee]] called the Salt Lake Comic Con "the greatest comic con in the world".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/1541295-155/lee-comic-salt-lake-con-fans|title=Stan Lee Declares Salt Lake Comic Con "Greatest" in the World|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=September 6, 2014|access-date=September 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926020632/http://www.sltrib.com/home/1541295-155/lee-comic-salt-lake-con-fans|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On September 25, 2015, the Con broke the world record for the most costumed comic book cosplay characters in one location. At 1784 people, this beat the previous record.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ksl.com/?sid=36692070&nid=148&fm=most_popular&s_cid=article_popular-8|title=SL Comic Con Sets World Records for Costumed Comic Book Gathering|publisher=KSL|date=September 26, 2015|access-date=September 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929113626/https://ksl.com/?sid=36692070&nid=148&fm=most_popular&s_cid=article_popular-8|archive-date=September 29, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Crystal Mountain Pony Con, an annual [[My Little Pony]] convention, features cosplayers, vendors, and panels. 2015 saw more than 800 [[bronies]] in attendance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://crystalponycon.com/|title=Crystal Mountain Pony Con|publisher=Crystal Mountain Pony Con|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326001656/http://crystalponycon.com/|archive-date=March 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://fox13now.com/2015/07/17/my-little-pony-convention-welcomes-800-bronies-to-downtown-slc/|title=My Little Pony Convention Welcomes 800 "Bronies" to Downtown SLC|publisher=Fox 13 News|date=July 17, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923044154/http://fox13now.com/2015/07/17/my-little-pony-convention-welcomes-800-bronies-to-downtown-slc/|archive-date=September 23, 2015}}</ref>

Salt Lake hosts an annual International Tattoo Convention in the spring, featuring mostly nationally and internationally noted tattoo artists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slctattoo.com/|title=Salt Lake City International Tattoo Convention|publisher=Salt Lake City International Tattoo Convention|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905214513/http://www.slctattoo.com/|archive-date=September 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://fox13now.com/2015/03/28/ink-enthusiasts-gather-for-salt-lake-city-international-tattoo-convention/|title=Ink Enthusiasts Gather for Salt Lake City International Tattoo Convention|publisher=Fox 13 News|date=March 28, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813120941/http://fox13now.com/2015/03/28/ink-enthusiasts-gather-for-salt-lake-city-international-tattoo-convention/|archive-date=August 13, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Fantasy Con hosted its first convention, the first of its kind, in Salt Lake City in 2014. After a successful run, the convention reorganized to better serve the needs of the fantasy community. Intended to be annual, it did not host one for 2015, and further plans have not been announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fantasycon.com/about.html|title=Fantasy Con|publisher=Fantasy Con|access-date=September 17, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905123113/http://www.fantasycon.com/about.html|archive-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/58147082-78/fantasycon-salt-lake-con.html.csp|title=Are Three Cons too Many for Salt Lake? FantasyCon Fans Say No|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=July 6, 2014|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/58147082-78/fantasycon-salt-lake-con.html.csp|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Salt Lake City saw its first Gaming Convention in 2015. It included contests, cosplay, panels, and focused on console, computer, card, and tabletop gaming.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saltlakegamingcon.com/|title=Salt Lake Gaming Con|publisher=Salt Lake Gaming Con|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923152117/http://www.saltlakegamingcon.com/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/entertainment/2332083-155/salt-lake-gaming-con-giant-gaming|title=Salt Lake Gaming Con: Giant Gaming Convention Planned in Salt Lake City|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=March 31, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912072706/http://www.sltrib.com/entertainment/2332083-155/salt-lake-gaming-con-giant-gaming|archive-date=September 12, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/home/2781309-155/salt-lake-gaming-con-kicks-off|title=Salt Lake Gaming Con Kicks Off Inaugural Event|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=August 2, 2015|access-date=September 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016090246/http://www.sltrib.com/home/2781309-155/salt-lake-gaming-con-kicks-off|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Events===
[[File:2002 Winter Olympics flame.jpg|thumb|The [[Olympic flame]] burns at [[Rice-Eccles Stadium]]. Salt Lake City hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics.]]
Although the LDS church holds a large influence, the city is culturally and religiously diverse and the site of many cultural activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://salt.lake.city.eventguide.com/|title=Greater Salt Lake City Annual Events (2005)|publisher=Metroguide.com, Inc.|access-date=April 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405050635/http://salt.lake.city.eventguide.com/|archive-date=April 5, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

A major state holiday is [[Pioneer Day (Utah)|Pioneer Day]], July 24, the anniversary of the Mormon pioneers' entry into the Salt Lake Valley. It is celebrated with a week's worth of activities, including a children parade,<ref>The Children Parade was discontinued after the 2018 event.</ref> a horse parade, the featured [[Days of '47 Parade]] (one of the nation's largest parades), a rodeo, and a fireworks show at Liberty Park. Fireworks can be legally sold and set off around July 24.

First Night on New Year's Eve, a celebration emphasizing family-friendly entertainment and activities held at [[Rice-Eccles Stadium]] at the University of Utah, culminates with a fireworks display at midnight.

Beginning in 2004, Salt Lake City has been the host of the international [[Salt Lake City Marathon]]. In 2006, [[Real Madrid]] and many of the nation's best cyclists had engagements.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/650196508/Tour-of-Utah-takes-step-forward.html|title=Tour of Utah takes step forward|last=Eborn|first=Jared|date=October 6, 2006|newspaper=Deseret News|publisher=DDM|access-date=April 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117101819/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/650196508/Tour-of-Utah-takes-step-forward.html|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Salt Lake City has begun to host its own events in the last few years, most notably the Friday Night Flicks,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/slcevents/slc-events-friday-night-flicks|title=SLC Events – Friday Night Flicks|publisher=Salt Lake City|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501105107/http://www.slcgov.com/slcevents/slc-events-friday-night-flicks|archive-date=May 1, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> free movies in the city's parks, and the Mayor's health and fitness awareness program, Salt Lake City Gets Fit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcgetsfit.com/|title=Salt Lake City Gets Fit|publisher=Salt Lake City|access-date=April 16, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303051250/http://www.slcgetsfit.com/|archive-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref>

Salt Lake City hosted the [[2002 Winter Olympics]]. At that time, Salt Lake City was the most populated area to hold a Winter Olympic Games. The event put Salt Lake City in the international spotlight and is regarded by many as one of the most successful Winter Olympics ever.<ref>"The Salt Lake City Games were by all accounts the most successful Winter Olympics ever." — {{Cite news|title=Games Helped to Heal a Nation|last=Fantin|first=Linda|date=September 11, 2002|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|id=[[NewsBank]] Article Archive ID: 100DF5198ADF1309}} "Controversies aside, the 2002 Salt Lake games may prove to be the most successful Winter Olympics in recent history." — {{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/020225/archive_020257.htm |title=Hey, baby, it's gold outside: Skeptics thought the '02 Olympics would be boredom on ice. Were they ever wrong|last=Steisand|first=Betsy|date=February 17, 2002|page=1|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|access-date=April 16, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510173426/https://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/020225/archive_020257.htm|archive-date=May 10, 2013}}</ref>

In February 2002, [[Turin|Torino, Italy]] was granted an Olympic Sister City relationship with Salt Lake City, which became a Friendship City relationship in October 2003. On January 13, 2007, an agreement was signed, where Salt Lake City and Torino officially became Olympic Sister Cities.<ref>{{citation|url=http://newsnet.byu.edu/story.cfm/62504|title=Torino Named SLC Sister City|first=Brittany|last=Jensen|date=January 11, 2007|newspaper=[[The Daily Universe]]|publisher=Brigham Young University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121235900/http://newsnet.byu.edu/story.cfm/62504|archive-date=January 21, 2012}}</ref>

On the third Friday of every month, the Salt Lake Gallery Stroll presents a free evening of visual art; many galleries and other art-related businesses stay open late, allowing enthusiasts to tour various exhibits after hours. Sidewalk artists, street performers and musicians also sometimes participate in these monthly events.

===Media===
[[File:Slc kutv channel 2.jpg|thumb|KUTV News Studio in the [[Wells Fargo Center (Salt Lake City)|Wells Fargo Center]] building in Salt Lake City]]
[[File:Triad center slc utah.jpg|thumb|[[KSL TV]], [[KSL (radio)|KSL Radio]], and the [[Deseret News]] are located in the [[Triad Center]] in Salt Lake City.]]
{{See also|Media in Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City in film}}
Salt Lake City has many diverse [[Mass media|media]] outlets. Most of the major television and [[radio station]]s are based in or near the city. The Salt Lake City metropolitan area is ranked as the 28th largest radio<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/07/radio-market-survey-population-rankings-information.pdf|title=RADIO MARKET SURVEY POPULATION, RANKINGS & INFORMATION SPRING 2020|publisher=Nielsen|accessdate=February 18, 2021|archive-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428175908/https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/07/radio-market-survey-population-rankings-information.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 33rd largest television<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvb.org/markets_stations#!id=167&type=market|title=Markets & Stations: DMA: Salt Lake City, UT|publisher=[[Television Bureau of Advertising]]|access-date=April 16, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409153711/http://www.tvb.org/markets_stations#!id=167&type=market|archive-date=April 9, 2013}}</ref> market in the United States.

Print media include two major daily newspapers, ''[[The Salt Lake Tribune]]'' and the ''[[Deseret News]]'' (previously the ''Deseret Morning News''). Other more specialized publications include ''Now Salt Lake'', ''[[Salt Lake City Weekly]]'' (a weekly independent publication), ''Nuestro Mundo'' of the Spanish-speaking community,'' [[QSaltLake]]'' and ''The Pillar'' for the LGBT community. Other Spanish-language newspapers include ''El Estandar'', ''Amigo Hispano'' (online only), and ''El Observador de Utah'', which offers free residential delivery. There are a number of local magazines, such as ''Wasatch Journal'' (a quarterly magazine covering Utah's arts, culture, and outdoors), ''Utah Homes & Garden'', ''Salt Lake Magazine'' (a bimonthly lifestyle magazine), ''[[CATALYST Magazine]]'' (a monthly environmental, health, arts and politics magazine), ''[[SLUG Magazine]]'', an alternative underground music magazine. ''[[Utah Stories]]'' is a magazine that covers local issues, primarily focused on the Salt Lake Valley.

[[KTVX]] 4 signed on the air as Utah's first television station in 1947 under the experimental callsign W6SIX, becoming the [[Mountain Time Zone]]'s oldest and third-oldest west of [[Mississippi River|the Mississippi]]. It is Salt Lake City's [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate. [[KSL-TV]] 5, the local [[NBC]] affiliate, has downtown studios at "Broadcast House" in the [[Triad Center]] office complex. KSL is operated by [[Bonneville International]], a company owned by the [[Deseret Management Corporation]]. [[KUTV]] 2 is Salt Lake City's [[CBS]] affiliate. [[KSTU]] 13 is the area's [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] affiliate, owned by the [[E. W. Scripps Company]]. [[KUCW]] 30 is the [[The CW|CW]] affiliate owned by [[Nexstar Media Group]], and is part of a [[Duopoly (broadcasting)|duopoly]] with KTVX. [[KJZZ-TV]] 14 is an independent station owned by [[Sinclair Broadcast Group]], and is part of a triopoly with KUTV and [[St. George, Utah|St. George]]-licensed [[MyNetworkTV]] affiliate [[KMYU]] 12.

Because television and radio stations serve a larger area (usually the entire state of Utah, as well as parts of western Wyoming, southern Idaho, parts of Montana, and eastern Nevada), ratings returns tend to be higher than those in similar-sized cities. Some Salt Lake radio stations are carried on [[broadcast translator]] networks throughout the state.

Salt Lake City has become a case of [[market saturation]] on the [[FM radio|FM]] dial; one cannot go through more than about two frequencies on an FM [[radio tuner]] before encountering another broadcasting station. Several companies, most notably Millcreek Broadcasting and [[Simmons Media Group|Simmons Media]], have constructed [[antenna (radio)|broadcast towers]] on [[Humpy Peak]] in the [[Uinta Mountains]] to the east. These towers allow frequencies allocated to nearby mountain communities to be boosted by smaller, low-powered FM transmitters along the Wasatch Front.

==Main sights==
{{Main|Buildings and sites of Salt Lake City}}
[[File:Temple Square October 05 (8) c.JPG|thumb|[[Salt Lake Temple]]]]
Salt Lake City is the headquarters of the LDS Church and has many LDS-related sites open to visitors. The most popular is [[Temple Square]], which includes the [[Salt Lake Temple]] (not open to the general public) and visitor centers open to the public, free of charge. Temple Square includes the historic [[Salt Lake Tabernacle]], home of the [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]], now called The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square. The [[LDS Conference Center]] is north of Temple Square. The [[Family History Library]], the world's largest genealogical library, is west of Temple Square. It is run by the LDS Church and is open to the public and free of charge. The [[Eagle Gate]] Monument is east of Temple Square.

In 2004, the Salt Lake City main library received an Institute Honor Award for Architecture by the [[American Institute of Architects]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.org/gallery_template.cfm?pagename=art%5Fsaltlakecitypubliclibrary|title=American Institute of Architects Institute Honor Award|publisher=AIA|access-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104065523/http://www.aia.org/gallery_template.cfm?pagename=art_saltlakecitypubliclibrary|archive-date=January 4, 2009}}</ref> and features a distinctive architectural style. The building's roof serves as a viewpoint for the Salt Lake Valley. The Utah State Capitol Building offers marble floors and a dome similar to the building that houses the US Congress. Other notable historical buildings include the [[Thomas Kearns]] Mansion (now the [[Utah Governor's Mansion|Governor's Mansion]]), [[Salt Lake City and County Building|City and County Building]] (built 1894), the Kearns Building on Main Street, St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral (built 1874), and the Roman Catholic [[Cathedral of the Madeleine]] (built 1909).

[[File:Utah State Capitol Building.JPG|thumb|[[Utah State Capitol]]]]

The [[Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park|Olympic Cauldron Park]] at Rice-Eccles Stadium features the [[Olympic Flame|Olympic Cauldron]] from the games, a visitor's center, and the [[Hoberman Arch]]. The Olympic Legacy Plaza, at The Gateway, features a dancing fountain set to music and the names of 30,000 Olympic volunteers carved in stone. The [[Utah Olympic Park]], near Park City, features the Olympic [[ski jump]]s, as well as [[bobsleigh]], [[luge]], and [[skeleton (sport)|skeleton]] runs. Today, the Olympic Park is used for year-round training and competitions. Visitors can watch the various events and even ride a bobsled. The [[Utah Olympic Oval]], in nearby [[Kearns, Utah|Kearns]], was home to the [[speed skating]] events and is now open to the public. Other popular Olympic venues include [[Soldier Hollow]], the site of cross-country skiing events, southeast of Salt Lake near [[Heber City, Utah|Heber City]].

Salt Lake City is near several world-class ski and summer resorts, including [[Snowbird, Utah|Snowbird]], [[Alta Ski Area|Alta]], [[Brighton Ski Resort|Brighton]], [[Solitude Mountain Resort|Solitude]], [[Park City Mountain Resort]], and [[Deer Valley]]. The resorts cater to millions of visitors each year and offer year-round activities.

Salt Lake City is home to a few major shopping centers. [[Trolley Square]] is an indoor and outdoor mall with independent art boutiques, restaurants, and national retailers. The buildings housing the shops are renovated [[tram|trolley]] barns with cobblestone streets. The Gateway, an outdoor shopping mall, has many national restaurants, clothing retailers, a movie theater, the [[Clark Planetarium]], the Discovery Gateway (formerly The Children's Museum of Utah), a music venue called The Depot, and the Olympic Legacy Plaza. City Creek Center is the city's newest major shopping center and features high-end retailers not found anywhere else in Utah.
[[File:Salt Lake City 4892084585.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[The Gateway (Salt Lake City)|The Gateway]], where the Clark Planetarium is located.]]
On October 3, 2006, the LDS Church, which owned the [[ZCMI Center Mall]] and Crossroads Mall, both on Main Street, announced plans to demolish the malls, a skyscraper, and several other buildings to make way for the $1.5 billion City Creek Center redevelopment. It combined new office and residential buildings (one of which is the city's third-tallest building) around an outdoor shopping center featuring a stream, fountain, and other outdoor amenities;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/10/4/19977589/downtown-rebound-lds-church-unveils-plans-for-20-acre-development|title=Downtown rebound: LDS Church unveils plans for 20-acre development|last=Smeath|first=Doug|newspaper=Deseret News|date=October 4, 2006|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117101823/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/650196045/Downtown-rebound-LDS-Church-unveils-plans-for-20-acre-development.html|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> it opened on March 22, 2012. [[Sugar House, Salt Lake City|Sugar House]] is a neighborhood with a small town main street shopping area and numerous old parks, which is served by the S Line (formerly known as Sugar House Streetcar).

Other attractions near Salt Lake City include [[Hogle Zoo]], [[Timpanogos Cave National Monument]], [[Golden Spike National Historic Site]] (where the world's first [[transcontinental railroad]] was joined), [[Lagoon Amusement Park]], the [[Great Salt Lake]], the [[Bonneville Salt Flats]], [[Gardner Historic Village]], one of the nation's largest dinosaur museums at [[Thanksgiving Point]] in [[Lehi, Utah|Lehi]], and the world's largest human-made excavation at [[Bingham Canyon Mine]].

==Sports and recreation==
Winter sports, such as skiing and [[snowboarding]], are popular activities in the [[Wasatch Mountains]] east of Salt Lake City. Eight ski resorts lie within {{convert|50|mi|km}} of the city. Alta, Brighton, Solitude, and [[Snowbird ski resort|Snowbird]] all lie directly to the southeast in the Wasatch Mountains, while nearby Park City contains three more resorts. The popularity of the ski resorts has increased by a third since the [[2002 Winter Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wolfcreekresort.com/news-SLT-5-17-06.htm|title=Utah's ski industry chalks up another record year for visitors|first=Mike|last=Gorrell|author2=[[Knight Ridder]]|date=May 16, 2006|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810100608/http://www.wolfcreekresort.com/news-SLT-5-17-06.htm|archive-date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> Summer activities such as hiking, camping, rock climbing, mountain biking, and other related outdoor activities are popular in the mountains. The many small reservoirs and rivers in the Wasatch Mountains are popular for boating, fishing, and other water-related activities.

Salt Lake City has hosted two of the most important and most watched games in [[basketball]]. The [[1979 NCAA Division I Basketball Championship Game]] took place at the [[Jon M. Huntsman Center|Special Events Center]] on the campus of the University of Utah, where [[Magic Johnson]] met [[Larry Bird]] for the first time in their legendary rivalry. Johnson's [[1978–79 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team|Michigan State]] team defeated Bird's previously unbeaten [[1978–79 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team|Indiana State]] team in the most watched [[college basketball]] game in history.<ref name="far">{{cite news |last=DeCamp |first=Scott |title=NCAA tournament final ratings up, but still far cry from Magic–Bird in 1979 |url=https://www.mlive.com/spartans/2017/04/ncaa_tournament_final_ratings.html |publisher=MLive |date=April 6, 2017 |access-date=April 25, 2019}}</ref> [[Game 6 of the 1998 NBA Finals]] took place at the [[Delta Center]], where [[Michael Jordan]] played his final game as a member of the [[Chicago Bulls]]. Jordan's [[1997-98 Chicago Bulls season|Bulls]] defeated the [[1997-98 Utah Jazz season|Utah Jazz]] to win their sixth championship in the most watched game in the history of the [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA).<ref>{{cite news|title=72 million saw Bulls take the prize|url=https://www.sfgate.com/style/article/72-million-saw-Bulls-take-the-prize-3084266.php|access-date=May 3, 2022|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=June 17, 1998|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

===Professional sports===
[[File:Energy solutions arena.jpg|thumb|The [[Delta Center]] is the home of the [[Utah Jazz]] since 1991 and the future home of the [[Utah NHL team]].]]
Salt Lake City is home to the [[Utah Jazz]] of the NBA, who moved from New Orleans in 1979 and play their home games in the [[Delta Center]] (formerly known as EnergySolutions Arena and later as Vivint Arena). Until the relocation of the [[Arizona Coyotes]] in 2024, they were the only team from one of the four [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|top-level professional sports leagues]] in the state. The franchise has enjoyed steady success, at one point making the playoffs in 22 out of 25 seasons, led by [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] duo [[Karl Malone]] and [[John Stockton]]. The duo won two [[NBA Western Conference|Western Conference]] championships together, but the franchise has yet to win an NBA championship. Salt Lake City was home to a professional basketball team, the [[Utah Stars]] of the [[American Basketball Association]] (ABA), between 1970 and 1975. They won one championship in the city (in 1971) and enjoyed some of the strongest support of any ABA team, but they folded just months before the [[ABA–NBA merger]], thus preventing them from being absorbed by the NBA. Their success may have had a hand in the decision by the struggling Jazz to relocate to Salt Lake City in 1979. Salt Lake City was home to an original [[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA) team, the [[Utah Starzz]], in 1997. The team relocated and became the [[San Antonio Silver Stars]].<ref name="playoffs">{{cite news |last=Elfman |first=Lois |url= http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2019/sep/19/wnba-playoffs-semi-finals/ |title=WNBA Playoffs into the semi-finals |work=[[New York Amsterdam News]] |date=September 19, 2019 |access-date=February 25, 2020}} in 2003.</ref>

[[Real Salt Lake]] of [[Major League Soccer]] was founded in 2004, initially playing at [[Rice-Eccles Stadium]] at the University of Utah before the [[soccer-specific stadium|soccer-specific]] [[America First Field]] (formerly Rio Tinto Stadium) was completed in 2008 in neighboring [[Sandy, Utah|Sandy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/8/16/19968866/salt-lake-county-plays-ball-oks-a-deal-with-real|title=Salt Lake County plays ball, OKs a deal with Real: Corroon, Checketts still must iron out some final details|last=Dethman|first=Leigh|newspaper=Deseret|location=Salt Lake City|date=August 16, 2006|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120194519/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/645193551/Salt-Lake-County-plays-ball-OKs-a-deal-with-Real.html|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The team won their first MLS championship by defeating the Los Angeles Galaxy at the [[2009 MLS Cup]]. RSL advanced to the finals of the [[CONCACAF Champions League]] in 2011 but lost 3–2 on aggregate, and also advanced to the 2013 MLS Cup Final. In 2019, the club expanded to include the [[Utah Royals FC]], a professional women's team in the [[National Women's Soccer League]], though the club ceased operations in December 2020,<ref name="royals_ceased">{{cite news |title=Kansas City Returns to the NWSL as Expansion Team in 2021 |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/kansas-city-returns-to-the-nwsl-as-expansion-team-in-2021 |access-date=December 7, 2020 |publisher=NWSL |date=December 7, 2020}}</ref> transferring its player-related assets to [[Kansas City NWSL]]. The city has also played host to several international soccer games.

Beginning in the [[2024–25 NHL season|2024–25 season]], the [[Utah NHL team]] will begin playing in the [[National Hockey League]]'s (NHL) Central Division. Their home arena will be the Delta Center, alongside the Jazz. Owned by [[Ryan Smith (businessman)|the Smith Entertainment Group]], the franchise is a new expansion team, with all the transferred assets of the now-inactive Coyotes now in possession of the Utah team. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Utah officially has an NHL team |url=https://www.sltrib.com/sports/2024/04/18/utah-officially-has-an-nhl-team/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=The Salt Lake Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Utah Warriors (rugby union)|Utah Warriors]] is a professional [[Major League Rugby]] team that launched its first season in 2018,<ref>{{cite web|date=September 25, 2017|title=MLR Notes: Utah announces name, Seattle picks venue |website=This is American Rugby|access-date=September 26, 2017|url=http://www.thisisamericanrugby.com/2017/09/mlr-notes-utah-announces-name-seattle.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926020154/http://www.thisisamericanrugby.com/2017/09/mlr-notes-utah-announces-name-seattle.html|archive-date=September 26, 2017}}</ref> with [[Zions Bank Stadium]] as its home venue.

[[File:Spring Mobile Park Apr09.jpg|thumb|[[Smith's Ballpark]], home of the [[Salt Lake Bees]]]]

[[Arena football]] expanded into the city in 2006 with the [[Utah Blaze]] of the [[Arena Football League (1987–2008)|Arena Football League]]. They recorded the highest average attendance in the league in their first season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/5/28/19955865/blaze-burn-bright-with-optimism|title=Blaze burn bright with optimism|newspaper=Deseret|last=Jorgensen|first=Loren|date=May 28, 2006|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228040955/https://www.deseret.com/2006/5/28/19955865/blaze-burn-bright-with-optimism|archive-date=February 28, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> After the original AFL folded in 2009, the future of the Blaze was unclear. However, a new league branded as the [[Arena Football League (2010–)|Arena Football League]] began play in 2010. The Blaze franchise was restored and is playing in the new league.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2010/2/18/20096962/arena-football-league-afl-will-return-this-season-with-15-teams|title=Arena Football League: AFL will return this season with 15 teams|newspaper=Deseret News|last=Jewkes|first=Wade|date=February 18, 2010|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226171255/https://www.deseret.com/2010/2/18/20096962/arena-football-league-afl-will-return-this-season-with-15-teams|archive-date=February 26, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Salt Lake Stallions]] of the AAF were also based in the city and played most of one season in 2019 before ceasing operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AAF, Salt Lake Stallions are folding eight games into spring football league's inaugural season |url=https://www.sltrib.com/sports/2019/04/02/aaf-salt-lake-stallions/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |website=The Salt Lake Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

There are also two minor league teams in the city. The [[Pacific Coast League]]'s [[Salt Lake Bees]], the [[Triple-A (baseball)|Triple-A]] affiliate of the [[Los Angeles Angels]], play at [[Smith's Ballpark]] and were established in 1994 as the Buzz. Their name was changed to the Stingers in 2002, and then to the Bees, a historical Salt Lake City baseball team name, in 2006. The [[Utah Grizzlies]] ice hockey team of the [[ECHL]] were established in 2005, replacing the [[Utah Grizzlies (1995–2005)|previous Grizzlies team]] that existed from when they relocated from Denver in 1995 to 2005 in the International Hockey League (IHL), and later, the American Hockey League (AHL). They play at the [[Maverik Center]] in neighboring West Valley City.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Club
!Sport
!League
!Venue
!Established
!Titles
!Attendance
|-
|[[Utah Jazz]]
|[[Basketball]]
|[[National Basketball Association]]
|[[Delta Center]]
| style="text-align:center" | 1979
| style="text-align:center" | 0
| style="text-align:center" | 19,911
|-
|[[Utah NHL team]]
|[[Ice hockey]]
|[[National Hockey League]]
|Delta Center
| style="text-align:center" |2024
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |TBD
|-
|[[Real Salt Lake]]
|[[Association football|Soccer]]
|[[Major League Soccer]]
|[[America First Field]] (in [[Sandy, Utah|Sandy]])
| style="text-align:center" | 2004
| style="text-align:center" | 1
| style="text-align:center" | 20,160
|-
|[[Utah Warriors (rugby union)|Utah Warriors]]
|[[Rugby union|Rugby]]
|[[Major League Rugby]]
|[[Zions Bank Stadium]] (in [[Herriman, Utah|Herriman]])
| style="text-align:center" | 2017
| style="text-align:center" | 0
| style="text-align:center" | 5,000
|-
|[[Salt Lake Bees]]
|[[Baseball]]
|[[Pacific Coast League]]
|[[Smith's Ballpark]]
| style="text-align:center" | 1994
| style="text-align:center" | 0
| style="text-align:center" | 15,411
|-
|[[Utah Grizzlies]]
|Ice hockey
|[[ECHL]]
|[[Maverik Center]] (in [[West Valley City, Utah|West Valley City]])
| style="text-align:center" | 2005
| style="text-align:center" | 0
| style="text-align:center" | 4,622
|-
|[[Real Monarchs]]
|Soccer
|[[MLS Next Pro]]
|[[Zions Bank Stadium]] (in [[Herriman, Utah|Herriman]])
| style="text-align:center" | 2014
| style="text-align:center" | 1
| style="text-align:center" | 4,698
|-
|[[Salt Lake City Stars]]
|Basketball
|[[NBA G League]]
|[[Maverik Center]] (in [[West Valley City, Utah|West Valley City]])
| style="text-align:center" | 2016
| style="text-align:center" | 0
| style="text-align:center" | 3,156
|-
|[[Utah Archers]]
|Field Lacrosse
|[[Premier Lacrosse League]]
|[[Zions Bank Stadium]] (in [[Herriman, Utah|Herriman]])
| style="text-align:center" | 2019
| style="text-align:center" | 1
| style="text-align:center" | 4,698

|}

===Amateur sports===
[[The University of Utah]] and [[Brigham Young University]] (BYU) both maintain large followings in the city, and the [[BYU–Utah rivalry|rivalry]] between the two colleges has a long and storied history. Despite the fact that Utah is a secular university, the rivalry is sometimes referred to as the [[Holy War (BYU–Utah)|Holy War]] because of BYU's status as an LDS Church-owned university. Until the 2011–12 season, they both played in the [[Mountain West Conference]] (MWC) of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA's]] [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] and have played each other over 100 times in football since 1896.

While Salt Lake City does not have a professional [[American football|football]] team, the [[college football]] teams of both universities are popular in the city and the state as a whole. The [[2004 Utah Utes football team|University of Utah]] was the first school from a non-automatic qualifying conference to win two [[Bowl Championship Series]] (BCS) [[bowl game]]s (and was the first from outside the BCS affiliated conferences to be invited to one) since the system was introduced in 1998. [[1984 BYU Cougars football team|BYU]] defeated the [[1984 Michigan Wolverines football team|University of Michigan]] in the [[1984 Holiday Bowl]] to win the state's only [[College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS|college football national championship]]. The University of Utah was a part of the controversy surrounding the fairness of the BCS. Despite undefeated seasons in both [[2004 Utah Utes football team|2004]] and [[2008 Utah Utes football team|2008]], Utah was not invited to participate in the national championship in either season because it was a member of the MWC, a BCS non-automatic qualifying conference.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=3814472|title=Utah AG: BCS may violate antitrust laws|work=[[ESPN]]|date=January 7, 2009|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329011447/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncf/news/story?id=3814472|archive-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

College basketball also has an important presence in the city. The [[Utah Utes men's basketball|Utah Utes men's basketball team]] plays its home games at the [[Jon M. Huntsman Center]] on its campus in Salt Lake City. The team won the [[1944 NCAA basketball tournament]] and made the final of the [[1998 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|1998 NCAA basketball tournament]]. The school has also hosted the [[NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament]] many times, both at the Huntsman Center and [[Delta Center]], including the Final Four of the famous [[1979 NCAA Division I basketball tournament|1979 tournament]], when it was known as the Special Events Center.

The [[Utah Avalanche]], formed in January 2011, were a development [[rugby league]] team for the now defunct [[American National Rugby League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnrl.com/teams/utah-avalanche-0 |title=Utah Avalanche | American National Rugby League|publisher=Amnrl.com|access-date=December 10, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204073207/http://www.amnrl.com/teams/utah-avalanche-0|archive-date=December 4, 2011}}</ref> In June 2012, Salt Lake City hosted the [[World Rugby U20 Trophy|IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy]], a major international rugby union tournament for under-20 national teams from "second-tier" nations.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.irb.com/jwrt/news/newsid=2061029.html|title=USA to host Junior World Rugby Trophy 2012|publisher=[[International Rugby Board]]|date=January 29, 2012|access-date=April 16, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511090235/http://www.irb.com/jwrt/news/newsid%3D2061029.html|archive-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref>

Utah became the first state outside Minnesota where [[bandy]] exists when Olympic Bandy Club was formed in Salt Lake City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translate.google.no/translate?hl=no&sl=sv&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fdbpedia.org%2Fresource%2FAmerican_Bandy_Association|title=Google Oversetter: About American Bandy Association|publisher=Translate.google.no|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117093623/http://translate.google.no/translate?hl=no&sl=sv&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fdbpedia.org%2Fresource%2FAmerican_Bandy_Association|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Salt Lake is also home to two [[roller derby]] leagues: the Salt City Derby Girls<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saltcityderbygirls.com/joomla/|title=Salt City Derby Girls|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022004824/http://saltcityderbygirls.com/joomla/|archive-date=October 22, 2010}}</ref> and [[Wasatch Roller Derby]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wasatchrollerderby.com/|title=Home Page|website=Wasatch Roller Derby|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308212812/https://wasatchrollerderby.com/|archive-date=March 8, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> both of which field travel teams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=50252181&itype=CMSID|title=Roller Derby update: Big in Boise|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|first=Sean P.|last=Means|date=October 4, 2010|access-date=October 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221538/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/blogs/vulture/50252181-56/shakers-derby-salt-roller.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in Salt Lake City}}

===Roads===
[[File:Utah State Capitol seen from State Street.jpg|thumb|right|The beginning of State Street at the foot of the Utah State Capitol]]
Salt Lake City lies at the convergence of two cross-country freeways; [[Interstate 15 in Utah|I-15]] running north–south, and [[Interstate 80 in Utah|I-80]], which connects downtown with Salt Lake City International Airport to the west and exits to the east through [[Parley's Canyon]]. [[Interstate 215 (Utah)|I-215]] forms a 270-degree loop around the city. [[Utah State Route 201|SR-201]] extends to the western Salt Lake City suburbs. The [[Legacy Parkway]] (SR-67), a controversial and oft-delayed freeway, opened September 2008, heading north from I-215 into [[Davis County, Utah|Davis County]] along the east shore of the Great Salt Lake. Travel to and from Davis County is complicated by geography as roads have to squeeze through the narrow opening between the Great Salt Lake to the west and the Wasatch Mountains to the east. Only four roads run between the two counties to carry the load of [[rush hour]] traffic from Davis County.

Salt Lake City's surface street system is laid out on a simple [[grid pattern]]. Road names are numbered with a north, south, east, or west designation, with the grid originating at the southeast corner of Temple Square downtown. One of the visions of Brigham Young and the early settlers was to create wide, spacious streets, which characterizes downtown. The grid pattern remains fairly intact in the city, except on the East Bench, where geography makes it impossible. The entire Salt Lake Valley is laid out on the same numbered grid system, although it becomes increasingly irregular further into the suburbs. Many streets carry both a name and a grid coordinate. Usually both can be used as an address. [[U.S. Route 89 in Utah|US-89]] enters the city from the northwest, becomes 900 West Street through the northern part of the city, and then exits Salt Lake City as State Street (100 East).

===Public transportation===
[[File:Buses at Central Station.jpg|thumb|UTA [[transit bus]]es at the [[Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub]] (Salt Lake Central Station)]]
Salt Lake City's [[public transport|mass transit]] service is operated by the [[Utah Transit Authority]] (UTA) and includes a bus system, light rail, and a commuter rail line. Intercity services are provided by [[Amtrak]] and various intercity bus lines. These services are all interconnected at the [[Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub]] (Salt Lake Central Station), west of the city center.

====Transit bus service====
UTA's bus system extends throughout the Wasatch Front from [[Brigham City, Utah|Brigham City]] in the north to [[Santaquin, Utah|Santaquin]] in the south and as far west as [[Grantsville, Utah|Grantsville]], as well as east to Park City. UTA also operates routes to the [[ski resorts]] in [[Big Cottonwood Canyon|Big]] and [[Little Cottonwood Canyon|Little]] Cottonwood Canyons, as well as [[Sundance Resort|Sundance]] in [[Provo Canyon]], during the ski season (typically November to April). Approximately 60,000 people ride the bus daily, although ridership has reportedly declined since TRAX was constructed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_8658942|title=Bus riders press for probe of UTA|last=Loomis|first=Brandon|date=March 22, 2008|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|access-date=October 20, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221543/http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_8658942|archive-date=October 21, 2014}}</ref>

==== Light rail ====
{{Main|TRAX (light rail)}}
[[File:Green line Trax at Gallivan Plaza.jpg|thumb|right|[[TRAX (light rail)|TRAX]] [[Green Line (TRAX)|Green Line]] train at the [[Gallivan Plaza (UTA station)|Gallivan Plaza Station]]]]
The {{convert|44.8|mi|km|adj=on}}<ref>{{cite map|url=http://www.rideuta.com/uploads/FrontLines2015Map.pdf|title=FrontLines 2015 Project|website=rideuta.com|publisher=UTA|format=PDF|access-date=March 5, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125161159/http://www.rideuta.com/uploads/FrontLines2015Map.pdf|archive-date=November 25, 2013}}</ref> light rail system, called [[TRAX (light rail)|TRAX]], has three lines.
* The [[Blue Line (TRAX)|Blue Line]], which opened in 1999 and was expanded in 2008, travels from the Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub ([[Salt Lake Central Station]]), south to [[Draper, Utah|Draper]].
* The [[Red Line (TRAX)|Red Line]], which originally opened in 2001 and was expanded in 2011, runs from the University of Utah, southwest through Salt Lake to [[Daybreak (community)|Daybreak]] in [[South Jordan, Utah|South Jordan]].
* The [[Green Line (TRAX)|Green Line]], opened in 2011 and runs from the [[Salt Lake City International Airport]] to [[West Valley City]] (via [[Downtown Salt Lake City]]), with the extension to the airport having opened in April 2013.

The system has 50 stations, 23 of which are within the city limits.<ref name=UTD>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/8/9/20034292/uta-setting-end-dates-on-trax-construction|title=UTA setting end dates on TRAX construction|date=August 9, 2007|work=Deseret News|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120183612/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/695199123/UTA-setting-end-dates-on-TRAX-construction.html|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Daily ridership averaged 60,600 as of the fourth quarter of 2012,<ref name=AP>{{cite web|url=http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2012-q4-ridership-APTA.pdf|title=Public Transportation Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2012|publisher=[[American Public Transportation Association]]|page=27|date=March 1, 2013|access-date=March 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717033011/http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2012-q4-ridership-APTA.pdf|archive-date=July 17, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> making TRAX the [[List of United States Light Rail systems by ridership|ninth most-ridden light rail system in the country]].

====Commuter rail====
{{Main|FrontRunner}}
[[File:Frontrunner north temple station.jpg|thumb|[[FrontRunner]] at the [[North Temple Bridge/Guadalupe (UTA station)|North Temple Bridge/Guadalupe Station]] in Salt Lake City]]
The commuter rail system, ''[[FrontRunner]]'', opened April 26, 2008, extends from the Intermodal Hub north through Davis County to [[Pleasant View, Utah|Pleasant View]] on the northern border of Weber County.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2008/4/26/20084515/uta-frontrunner-up-and-running-today|title=UTA ''FrontRunner'' up and running today|newspaper=Deseret News|last=Raymond|first=Arthur|location=Salt Lake City|date=April 26, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120194625/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/695273908/UTA-FrontRunner-up-and-running-today.html|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Daily ridership on the line averages 7,800, as of the fourth quarter of 2012.<ref name=AP/> An expansion called "FrontRunner South", which extended FrontRunner to [[Provo, Utah|Provo]] in central [[Utah County, Utah|Utah County]], was completed in December 2012 as part of UTA's FrontLines 2015 project.<ref name=UTD/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2008/8/12/20269033/ground-broken-for-utah-co-frontrunner|title=Ground broken for Utah Co. FrontRunner|last=Thomas|first=Ethan|newspaper=Deseret News|date=August 12, 2008|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120194736/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700250384/Ground-broken-for-Utah-Co-FrontRunner.html|archive-date=January 20, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letsrideuta.com/2011/11/02/frontrunner-south-project-update/|title=UTA FrontRunner South Project Update|publisher=UTA|date=November 2, 2011|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411180708/http://www.letsrideuta.com/2011/11/02/frontrunner-south-project-update/|archive-date=April 11, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> These extensions were made possible by a sales tax hike for road improvements, light rail, and commuter rail approved by voters on November 7, 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2006/11/8/19984540/transit-measures-approved|title=Transit measures approved|last=Warburton|first=Nicole|newspaper=Deseret News|date=November 8, 2006|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225171109/https://www.deseret.com/2006/11/8/19984540/transit-measures-approved|archive-date=February 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, a $500 million letter of intent was signed by the [[Federal Transit Administration]] for all four of the planned TRAX extensions in addition to the FrontRunner extension to Provo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2007/9/25/20043230/uta-on-track-for-u-s-funds|title=UTA on track for U.S. funds|last=Warburton|first=Nicole|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|location=Salt Lake City|date=September 25, 2007|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225145737/https://www.deseret.com/2007/9/25/20043230/uta-on-track-for-u-s-funds|archive-date=February 25, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2018, UTA announced FrontRunner would no longer run from Ogden to Pleasant View beginning in mid-August.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deseret.com/2018/3/9/20641456/frontrunner-leg-closure-among-changes-coming-to-uta-service|title=FrontRunner leg closure among changes coming to UTA service|last=Imlay|first=Ashley|date=March 9, 2018|work=Deseret News|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192916/https://www.deseret.com/2018/3/9/20641456/frontrunner-leg-closure-among-changes-coming-to-uta-service|archive-date=May 15, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Intercity bus and rail services====
[[Amtrak]], the national passenger rail system, provides service to Salt Lake City operating its ''[[California Zephyr]]'' daily between [[Union Station (Chicago)|Chicago]] and [[Emeryville, California]]. [[Greyhound Lines]] serves Salt Lake City as well. Their nine daily buses provide service to Denver, Reno, Las Vegas, and Portland, Oregon. Both of these stations are at the [[Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub]].

===Air transportation===
[[File:SLC airport, 2010.jpg|thumb|Salt Lake International Airport sits between downtown Salt Lake City and the [[Great Salt Lake]].]]
[[Salt Lake City International Airport]] is {{Convert|4|mi|km|abbr=}} west of downtown, and falls entirely within the boundary of Salt Lake City. Delta Air Lines operates a hub at the airport, serving over 100 non-stop destinations in the United States, Mexico, and Canada, as well as Paris, London, Amsterdam and Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sltrib.com/business/ci_12890726|title=Swine flu, economy prompt Delta to trim SLC-Tokyo route|last=Beebe|first=Paul|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date= July 22, 2009|access-date= October 20, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221547/http://www.sltrib.com/business/ci_12890726|archive-date= October 21, 2014}}</ref> [[SkyWest Airlines]] operates its largest hub at the airport as [[Delta Connection]], and serves 243 cities as Delta Connection and [[United Express]]. The airport is served by four UTA bus routes, and a UTA-operated light rail line (TRAX) opened services on April 14, 2013. A total of 22,029,488 passengers flew through Salt Lake City International Airport in 2007, representing a 2.19% increase over 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slcairport.com/cmsdocuments/airstats2007_12.pdf|title=Salt Lake City International Airport Statistics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326031056/http://www.slcairport.com/cmsdocuments/airstats2007_12.pdf|archive-date=March 26, 2009}}</ref> The airport ranks as the 21st busiest airport in the United States in total passengers, is consistently rated first in the country in on-time arrivals and departures, and has the second-lowest number of cancellations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1|title=Research and Innovative Technology Administration|publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics|access-date=April 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012160433/http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1|archive-date=October 12, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> The airport is undergoing a $3.6 billion redesign that is expected to be completed in 2024, resulting in a complete reworking of the terminals and parking areas.

There are two [[general aviation]] airports nearby, although they lie outside Salt Lake City:
* [[South Valley Regional Airport]] in [[West Jordan, Utah|West Jordan]]
* [[Skypark Airport]] in [[Woods Cross, Utah|Woods Cross]].

===Cycling===
Salt Lake City is considered a bicycle-friendly city. In 2010, Salt Lake City was designated as a Silver-level Bicycle Friendly Community<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bikeleague.org/content/league-announces-spring-2010-bicycle-friendly-communities|title=League Announces Spring 2010 Bicycle Friendly Communities|date=May 1, 2010|access-date=October 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221505/http://bikeleague.org/content/league-announces-spring-2010-bicycle-friendly-communities|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> by the [[League of American Bicyclists]], placing the city in the top 18 bicycling cities in the U.S. with a population of at least 100,000. Many streets in the city have bike lanes, and the city has since published a bicycle map.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bikeslc.com/WheretoRide/SLCBikeMap.html|title=Salt Lake City Bike Map|publisher=BikeSLC|access-date=October 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221459/http://www.bikeslc.com/WheretoRide/SLCBikeMap.html|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> However, off-road biking in the valley has suffered significantly as access to trails and paths has declined with the increase of housing developments and land privatization. In 2012, the Salt Lake Transportation Division launched ''BikeSLC.com'', which consolidates the city's information about bicycle routes, [[bicycle safety]], and promotions. The website includes a form for business owners to request bicycle parking racks to be installed on public property free of charge close to their businesses, a service that has a months-long waiting list.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bike Racks and Corrals|url=http://www.bikeslc.com/WheretoRide/BicycleParking/BikeRacksandCorrals.html|work=BikeSLC|access-date=October 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221536/http://www.bikeslc.com/WheretoRide/BicycleParking/BikeRacksandCorrals.html|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

Salt Lake City was the first US city to use the "Green Shared Lane", or "super sharrow",<ref>{{cite news|title=Mea Culpa: Long Beach Not First to Have Colored Shared Lane|url=http://la.streetsblog.org/2009/07/06/mea-culpa-long-beach-not-first-to-have-colored-shared-lane/|newspaper=[[Streetsblog]]|date=July 6, 2009|access-date=December 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110191518/http://la.streetsblog.org/2009/07/06/mea-culpa-long-beach-not-first-to-have-colored-shared-lane/|archive-date=January 10, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> a {{convert|4|ft|m|adj=on}} wide green band down the middle of a travel lane where adding a dedicated bike lane is unfeasible. Other cities such as Long Beach, Oakland, and Edina, Minnesota have introduced similar designs. These four cities are participating in a study by the [[Federal Highway Administration]] to measure the effect of the design on automobile speed and passing distance when overtaking bicycles, crashes between automobiles and bicycles, and whether it encourages more bicycle ridership, along with other metrics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Green-Colored Pavement with the Shared-Lane Marking|url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/guidance/design_guidance/mutcd/gcp_slm.cfm|work=Federal Highway Administration website|access-date=December 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202044037/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bicycle_pedestrian/guidance/design_guidance/mutcd/gcp_slm.cfm|archive-date=December 2, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

On September 25, 2010, UTA in partnership with Salt Lake City, the [[Utah Department of Transportation]], the Wasatch Front Regional Council, and the Mayor's Bicycle Advisory Committee, opened a Bicycle Transit Center (BTC) at the Intermodal Hub. The BTC is anticipated to serve multi-modal commuters from TRAX and ''FrontRunner'', as well as providing a secure bicycle parking space for bicycle tourists who want to tour the city on foot or transit.

In April 2013, Salt Lake City launched a bike share program known as GREENbike. The program allows users to pay $5 per day to access bicycles, with the option of purchasing a weekly or annual pass.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salt Lake to Launch Bike Share Program|url=http://www.abc4.com/content/news/top_stories/story/Salt-Lake-to-launch-bike-share-program/OUf9PeC-lEuuq4144PLv-Q.cspx|agency=Associated Press|access-date=May 21, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511063147/http://www.abc4.com/content/news/top_stories/story/Salt-Lake-to-launch-bike-share-program/OUf9PeC-lEuuq4144PLv-Q.cspx|archive-date=May 11, 2013}}</ref> The program launched with ten stations in the downtown core.<ref>{{cite news|title=Salt Lake City launches GREENbike bicycle sharing|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=56124471&itype=CMSID|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|date=April 8, 2013|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021132719/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/56124471-78/greenbike-lake-salt-bicycle.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> By October 2014, the number of stations had expanded to 20.<ref>{{cite web|title=GREENbikeSLC|url=http://www.greenbikeslc.org/home.aspx|work=GREENbikeSLC website|access-date=October 17, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021221506/https://www.greenbikeslc.org/home.aspx|archive-date=October 21, 2014}}</ref> In addition to the bike-sharing program, eighty businesses in the city participate in the Bicycle Benefits program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bicyclebenefits.org/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=5&Itemid=54|title=Bicycle Benefits|website=bicyclebenefits.org|access-date=August 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223094558/http://www.bicyclebenefits.org/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=5&Itemid=54|archive-date=December 23, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> which provides discounts to customers who arrive by bicycle. The city is also home to the [[Salt Lake City Bicycle Collective]].

As a result of this increasing support, Salt Lake City's on-road bikeway network has grown to encompass 200 lane miles. In July 2014, the city began construction of a [[segregated cycle facilities|protected bicycle lane]] on a {{convert|1.35|mi}} segment of 300 South between 300 West and 600 East. The project received significant opposition from business owners and residents along the route because of concerns about the 30% reduction in car parking spaces and disruptions resulting from construction. The construction proceeded in stages, with the last stage completed in October 2014. The performance of the protected bicycle lane (specifically, its role in encouraging more bicycle ridership) will influence future plans for making the city more bicycle-friendly.<ref>{{cite news|title=New downtown Salt Lake City bicycle track worries small businesses|url=https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=58348049&itype=CMSID|newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune|first=Christopher|last=Smart|date=August 31, 2014|access-date=May 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021131150/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/politics/58348049-90/300-bike-broadway-business.html.csp|archive-date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

One example of the city's cycling and walking routes is the loop around [[City Creek Canyon]] on Bonneville Boulevard.<ref>{{cite web|title=City Creek Canyon/Memory Grove|url=http://www.bikeslc.com/WheretoRide/Multi-usePavedTrails/CityCreekMemoryGrove.html|work=BikeSLC|access-date=October 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015013730/http://www.bikeslc.com/WheretoRide/Multi-usePavedTrails/CityCreekMemoryGrove.html|archive-date=October 15, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The city has designated the road as one lane only (one-way) for motor vehicles, turning the other lane over to two-way cyclists and pedestrians. From the last Monday in May to the last weekend in September, City Creek Canyon Road itself is closed to motor vehicles on odd-numbered days, while bicycles are prohibited on even-numbered days and holidays. Bicycles are allowed every day for the rest of the year.

== Utilities ==

=== Water ===
Salt Lake City derives most of its water from local Wasatch Mountain snowpack, the rest coming from groundwater.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drinking Water and the Wasatch Front {{!}} The U Water Center |url=https://water.utah.edu/2018/05/10/drinking-water-and-the-wasatch-front/ |access-date=October 28, 2023 |website=water.utah.edu |date=May 10, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> The primary water provider is the Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities, which was established in 1876, making it the oldest retail water provider in the West.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Utilities and Services |url=https://www.slc.gov/utilities/utilitiesandservices/ |access-date=October 28, 2023 |website=Public Utilities |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Energy ===
The primary electricity provider in Salt Lake City, and Utah as a whole, is Rocky Mountain Power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Electric Utilities |url=https://ocs.utah.gov/learn-about-your-service-provider/electric-utilities/ |access-date=October 29, 2023 |website=ocs.utah.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> Natural gas is provided by Dominion Energy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find My Utility |url=https://www.ocs.utah.gov/find-my-utility/ |access-date=October 29, 2023 |website=ocs.utah.gov |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
Salt Lake City's [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:<ref name=sisters>{{cite web |title=Our Sister Cities|url=http://saltlakesistercities.com/our-sister-cities/|publisher=Salt Lake City Sister Cities|access-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Chernivtsi]], Ukraine
* [[Izhevsk]], Russia
* [[Keelung]], Taiwan<ref>{{cite news|last=Fox|first=Derick|title=Salt Lake City has 6 sister cities – Here's where they are|url=https://www.abc4.com/news/local-news/salt-lake-city-has-6-sister-cities-here-is-where-they-are/|work=ABC4|date=24 July 2023|access-date=22 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Matsumoto, Nagano|Matsumoto]], Japan
* [[Quezon City]], Philippines<ref name="INQ-QC-Sister-Cities">{{cite news |title=Quezon City eyes ties with five cities |url=https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/228008 |publisher=Manila Standard |date=January 30, 2017|access-date=April 25, 2023}}</ref>
* [[Turin]], Italy

===Friendship cities===
Salt Lake City has friendly relations with:<ref name=sisters/>
* [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], Peru

==See also==
{{Portal|Utah}}
* [[List of people from Salt Lake City]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Salt Lake City]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Salt Lake City, Utah]]
* [[Trolley Square shooting]]
* [[USS Salt Lake City|USS ''Salt Lake City'']]—Ships of the United States Navy named "''Salt Lake City''"

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=Grace & Grandeur: A History of Salt Lake City|last=Alexander|first=Thomas G.|year=2001|publisher=Heritage Media Corp|isbn=1-886483-60-4|author-link=Thomas G. Alexander}}
* {{Cite book|title=Mormons & Gentiles: A History of Salt Lake City|last1=Alexander|first1=Thomas G.|last2=Allen|first2=James B.|author-link2=James B. Allen (historian)|year=1984|publisher=Pruett Pub. Co.|isbn=0-87108-664-6|url=https://archive.org/details/mormonsgentilesh00alex}}
* {{Cite book|title=[[World Book Encyclopedia]]|last=Bagley|first=Will|year=2004|publisher=World Book Inc.|isbn=0-7166-0104-4|edition=S-Sn|pages=76–76a|author-link=Will Bagley}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Gathering Place: An Illustrated History of Salt Lake City|last=McCormick|first=John S.|year=2000|publisher=[[Signature Books]]|isbn=1-56085-132-5}}
* {{Cite book|title=Insiders' Guide: Salt Lake City|author=Rainey, Virginia|year=2004|publisher=[[Globe Pequot Press]]|isbn=0-7627-2836-1|edition=4th|url=https://archive.org/details/insidersguidetos00rain}}
* {{cite web|last=Stober|first=Daniel|year=2004|url=http://members.aol.com/utahhwyp/strtname.htm|title=Utah Street Names|access-date=January 1, 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821064255/http://members.aol.com/utahhwyp/strtname.htm|archive-date=August 21, 2008}}
* {{cite magazine|first=Terry|last=McCarthy|title=The New Utah|date=February 3, 2002|magazine=Time.com|url=http://www.time.com/time/olympics2002/article/0,8599,198870,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020204000011/http://www.time.com/time/olympics2002/article/0,8599,198870,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 4, 2002}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/climate.htm|title=Area Information – Salt Lake City's Climate|publisher=Salt Lake City|year=1991|access-date=March 1, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050503232314/http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/climate.htm|archive-date=May 3, 2005}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/employment.htm|title=Area Information – Employment|publisher=Salt Lake City|year=2002|access-date=March 1, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050306185210/http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/employment.htm|archive-date=March 6, 2005}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/faq_new.htm|title=Area Information – FAQ|publisher=Salt Lake City|year=2005|access-date=March 1, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024020803/http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/faq_new.htm|archive-date=October 24, 2006}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.governor.state.ut.us/dea/CCBrief3.pdf|title=Cities and Counties of Utah Census Brief|date=May 2001|access-date=April 15, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050415061758/http://www.governor.state.ut.us/dea/CCBrief3.pdf|archive-date=April 15, 2005}}
* {{cite web|url=http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00095-PUB-A0001#TABLES|title=NOAA Satellites and Information|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date=April 16, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904023736/http://ols.nndc.noaa.gov/plolstore/plsql/olstore.prodspecific?prodnum=C00095-PUB-A0001#TABLES|archive-date=September 4, 2013}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/salt_lake_city.htm|title=Salt Lake City History|publisher=Salt Lake City|year=2004|access-date=September 1, 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040817010717/http://www.slcgov.com/info/area_info/salt_lake_city.htm|archive-date=August 17, 2004}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579320/Salt_Lake_City.html|title=Salt Lake City|encyclopedia=[[Encarta|Encarta Encyclopedia]]|year=2005|access-date=March 1, 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050302045159/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579320/Salt_Lake_City.html|archive-date=March 2, 2005}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.mormontabernaclechoir.com|title=Mormon Tabernacle Choir website|publisher=[[Intellectual Reserve|Intellectual Reserve, Inc.]]|access-date=April 16, 2013}}
* Timothy, Dallen J., and Daniel H. Olsen. "Tourism, Salt Lake City and the Cultural Heritage of Mormonism." in ''Tourism and Religion'' (Channel View Publications, 2018) pp. 250–269.
* {{Cite book|last=Tullidge|first=Edward W.|author-link=Edward Tullidge|title=History of Salt Lake City|year=1886|place=Salt Lake City| publisher=Star Printing Co.| pages=[https://archive.org/details/historysaltlake00tullgoog/page/n168 140]–44| url=https://archive.org/details/historysaltlake00tullgoog}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Salt Lake City}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Salt Lake City|short=x}}
* {{Official website|http://www.slcgov.com/}}
* {{cite web|title=Salt Lake City |url=https://www.visitutah.com/places-to-go/cities-and-towns/salt-lake-city}} The Official Site of Utah Office of Tourism
* {{cite web |url=http://us-city.census.okfn.org/|work= US City Open Data Census|publisher=[[Open Knowledge Foundation]]|location=UK|title=Salt Lake City}}
* [http://www.visitsaltlake.com/ Official Salt Lake City Convention and Visitors Bureau]
* {{cite web|title=Salt Lake City, Utah|url=https://www.c-span.org/series/?citiesTour&city=8253|publisher=[[C-SPAN]] Cities Tour|date=June 2014}}

{{Salt Lake City}}
{{Adjacent communities
|Centre = Salt Lake City
|North = [[North Salt Lake, Utah|North Salt Lake]], [[Bountiful, Utah|Bountiful]]
|Northeast = [[Morgan, Utah|Morgan]] ''[[East Canyon State Park]]'' / [[Coalville, Utah|Coalville]]
|East = [[Emigration Canyon, Utah|Emigration Canyon]]
|Southeast = [[Park City, Utah|Park City]]
|South = [[West Valley City, Utah|West Valley City]], [[South Salt Lake, Utah|South Salt Lake]], [[Millcreek, Utah|Millcreek]]
|Southwest = [[Magna, Utah|Magna]]
|West = ''[[Great Salt Lake]]''
|Northwest = ''[[Great Salt Lake]]''
}}
{{Navboxes
|title=Articles relating to Salt Lake City
|list=
{{Salt Lake County, Utah}}
{{Utah}}
{{United States state capitals}}
{{Olympic Winter Games Host Cities}}
{{Paralympic Winter Games Host Cities}}
{{Utah county seats}}
{{Latter Day Saint movement}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Salt Lake City| ]]
[[Category:1847 establishments in Alta California]]
[[Category:Cities in Salt Lake City metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Cities in Salt Lake County, Utah]]
[[Category:Cities in Utah]]
[[Category:County seats in Utah]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Planned communities in the United States]]
[[Category:Populated lakeshore places in the United States]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1847]]
[[Category:Wasatch Front]]
[[Category:State capitals in the United States]]

User:Hcoder3104

2024-04-18T12:10:15Z

Hcoder3104:

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{{Infobox Wikipedia user
|name=Hcoder3104|gender=Male|pronoun=He/Him/His|languages=[[English Language|English]]|location=[[Southwestern Ontario]], [[Canada]]||edit_count=1000|permissions=[[WP:30/500|Extended Confirmed]]|signature='''''[[User:Hcoder3104|Hcoder3104]]''''' ([[User talk:Hcoder3104|💬]])}}
Hi, I am Hcoder3104! I am an active wikipedian, and frequently edit pages and join in on disscussions and nominations. If you want to contact me or complain about my politics, please use my [[User talk:Hcoder3104|talk page]] 😀! See what I'm working on [[User:Hcoder3104/sandbox|here]] and view my contributions [[Special:Contributions/Hcoder3104|here]]!

==Pages I Created==
===Politics===
*[[2022 Ontario municipal elections]]
*[[2022 Oxford County municipal elections]]
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===History===
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*[[2018 Oxford County municipal elections]]
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*[[Alexa McDonough]] (RD)

==Political Party Support by Country==
*{{flag|Canada}} -
**''{{flag|Quebec}}'' - [[Quebec Solidaire]]
*{{flag|India}} - [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
*{{flag|United States}} - [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]], [[Party for Socialism and Liberation|PSL]], [[Peace and Freedom Party|Peace and Freedom]], [[Communist Party, USA|CPUSA]]
*{{flag|Brazil}} - [[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]], [[Popular Unity (Brazil)|UP]]
*{{flag|Mexico}} - [[Labor Party (Mexico)|PT]]
*{{flag|Japan}} - [[Japanese Communist Party|JCP]]
*{{flag|Germany}} - [[Die Linke]]
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} - [[Left Unity (UK)|Left Unity]]
**''{{flag|Northern Ireland}}'' - [[People Before Profit]], [[Sinn Fein]]
*{{flag|France}} - [[La France Insoumise]], [[New Ecologic and Social People's Union|NUPES]]
*{{flag|Italy}} - [[People's Union (Italy)|People's Union]]
*{{flag|Colombia}} - [[Historic Pact for Colombia|Historic Pact]]
*{{flag|Spain}} - [[Unidas Podemos]]
*{{flag|Argentina}} - [[Workers' Left Front]]
*{{flag|Poland}} - [[Polish Socialist Party|PPS]]
*{{flag|Peru}} - [[Free Peru]]
*{{flag|Nepal}} - [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)|CPN (Unified)]]
*{{flag|Venezuela}} - [[Popular Revolutionary Alternative|APR]]
*{{flag|Chile}} - [[Apruebo Dignidad]]
*{{flag|Ecuador}} - [[Union for Hope]]
*{{flag|Netherlands}} - [[BIJ1]]
*{{flag|Belgium}} - [[Workers' Party of Belgium|PTB-PVDA]]
*{{flag|Bolivia}} - [[Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)|MAS-IPSP]]
*{{flag|Cuba}} - [[Communist Party of Cuba|PCC]]
*{{flag|Czech Republic}} - [[Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia|KSČM]]
*{{flag|Greece}} - [[Syriza]]
*{{flag|Portugal}} - [[Left Bloc (Portugal)|Left Bloc]], [[Unitary Democratic Coalition|PCP-PEV]]
*{{flag|Sweden}} - [[Left Party (Sweden)|Left Party]]
*{{flag|Honduras}} - [[Liberty and Refoundation|Libre]]
*{{flag|Hungary}} - [[Yes Solidarity for Hungary Movement|ISZOMM]]
*{{flag|Belarus}} - [[Belarusian Left Party "A Just World"|A Just World]]
*{{flag|Switzerland}} - [[Swiss Party of Labour|Party of Labour]]
*{{flag|Israel}} - [[Joint List]]
*{{flag|Bulgaria}} - [[BSP for Bulgaria]]
*{{flag|Nicaragua}} - [[Sandinista National Liberation Front|FSLN]]
*{{flag|El Salvador}} - [[Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front|FMLN]]
*{{flag|Denmark}} - [[Red-Green Alliance (Denmark)|Red-Green Alliance]]
**''{{flag|Greenland}}'' - [[Inuit Ataqatigiit]]
**''{{flag|Faroe Islands}}'' - [[Republic (Faroe Islands)|Republic]]
*{{flag|Finland}} - [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]]
*{{flag|Norway}} - [[Red Party (Norway)|Rødt]]
*{{flag|Costa Rica}} - [[Broad Front (Costa Rica)|Broad Front]]
*{{flag|Palestine}} - [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]]
*{{flag|Ireland}} - [[People Before Profit/Solidarity|PBP/S]]
*{{flag|New Zealand}} - [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]]
*{{flag|Cyprus}} - [[Progressive Party of Working People|AKEL]]
*{{flag|Luxembourg}} - [[The Left (Luxembourg)|Dei Lenk]]
*''{{flag|European Union}}'' - [[The Left in the European Parliament - GUE/NGL|GUE/NGL]]

==Rating World Leaders 1-5==
{{notice|This list may include nations not listed above and may not include some nations listed above.}}
'''1-Terrible 5-Amazing'''
*{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Justin Trudeau]] - 1
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Xi Jinping]] - 4
*{{flagicon|India}} [[Narendra Modi]] - 1
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Joe Biden]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] - 4
*{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vladimir Putin]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] - 3
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Fumio Kishida]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]] - 4
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Olaf Scholz]] - 2
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Emmanuel Macron]] - 1
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Rishi Sunak]] - 1
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pedro Sanchez]] - 2

Akwaba

2024-04-18T12:09:06Z

Hcoder3104: Irrelevant

{{Short description|Official Theme Song For 2023 TotalEnergies African Cup of Nations}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Akwaba
| type = single
| artist = [[Magic System]] featuring [[Yemi Alade]], [[Mohamed Ramadan (actor and singer)]]
| language = French, English, Arabic
| released = {{Start date|2023|10|13|df=yes}}
| genre = [[African popular music|African pop]]
| length = {{Duration|m=3|s=43}}
| label = [[Universal Music Africa]]
| writer = [[Magic System]], [[Yemi Alade]], [[Mohamed Ramadan (actor and singer)|Mohamed Ramadan]]
| producer = [[Dany Synthé]]
}}

"'''Akwaba'''" is a song by Ivorian music quartet, [[Magic System]] which features [[Yemi Alade]] and [[Mohamed Ramadan (actor and singer)|Mohamed Ramadan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-10 |title=Yemi Alade, Mohamed Ramadan et Magic System interprètent "Akwaba" l'hymne officielle de la Coupe d'Afrique des Nations CAF TotalEnergies, Côte d'Ivoire 2023 |url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/yemi-alade-mohamed-ramadan-et-magic-system-interpretent-akwaba-l-hymne-officielle-de-la-coupe-d-afrique-des-nations-caf-totalenergies-cote-d-ivoire-2023/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=CAF |language=en-GB}}</ref> It was recorded and released as the official anthem of the [[2023 Africa Cup of Nations|2023 TotalEnergies CAF African Cup of Nations]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-31 |title=AKWABA, official song for TotalEnergies CAF Africa Cup of Nations goes live |url=https://fr.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/akwaba-official-song-for-totalenergies-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-goes-live/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=CAF |language=en-GB}}</ref> which begun 13 January 2024 and ends on 11th February, 2024 in the West African country of [[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2023-12-05 |title=Magic System Drops 2024 AFCON Anthem "Akwaba" Featuring Yemi Alade and Mohamed Ramadan {{!}} Listen |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/12/magic-system-yemi-alade-mohamed-ramadan-akwaba/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Production ==
The song was written by Magic System, Yemi Alade, Mohamed Ramadan and Fargyle Blax.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-31 |title=CAF Unveils AKWABA As Official Song For AFCON 2023 |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2023/10/31/caf-unveils-akwaba-as-official-song-for-afcon-2023/ |access-date=2024-02-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was produced by Dany Synthé and released by Universal Music Africa on 13 October 2023.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Akwaba by Magic System, Yemi Alade & محمد رمضان on Apple Music |date=2023-10-15 |url=https://music.apple.com/us/song/akwaba/1712029642 |access-date=2024-02-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> The official video was directed by Tony Rodriguez and released on YouTube on December 1, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=Yemi Alade Joins All-Star Ensemble for AFCON 2023 Official Theme Song, AKWAABA, Celebrating African Unity - 3Music.tv |url=https://www.3music.tv/section/news/article/yemi-alade-joins-all-star-ensemble-for-afcon-2023-official-theme-song-akwaaba-celebrating-african-unity-2023-12-06 |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=3MusicTV |language=en}}</ref>
== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QktjMQh2cFA Akwaba Video Officielle] via YouTube
{{improve categories|date=February 2024}}

[[Category:Theme music]]
[[Category:African music stubs]]

{{2020s-song-stub}}

2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round

2024-03-21T18:45:47Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{Short description|International football competition}}
{{Infobox international football competition
| tourney_name = 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| host countries =
| dates = {{nowrap|16 November 2023 – 11 June 2024}}
| num_teams = 36
| confederations = 1
| matches = {{#expr:  4 +  6 +  6 +  5 +  6 +  5 +  5 +  4 +  5}}
| goals = {{#expr:  17 +  21 +  21 +  14 +  23 +  12 +  18 +  10 +  12}}
| attendance = {{#expr:  19374 + 32786 + 330 + 11389 +  34484 + 4285 + 9500 + 6130 + 59354 +  64381 + 35009 + 29644 + 39969 + 64912 + 28414 +  4155 + 17142 + 9521 + 10783 +  6191 + 19500 + 6601 + 32551 + 6263 +  64447 + 10378 + 9880 + 20568 + 57696 +  11150 + 13650 + 18316 + 13845 + 9265 +  3640 + 1291 + 13735 + 18267 +  20876 + 200 + 6297 + 14537 + 27026}}
| top_scorer = {{fbicon|JPN}} [[Ayase Ueda]] {{fbicon|QAT}} [[Almoez Ali]] (5 goals each)
| prevseason = [[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|2022]]
| nextseason = ''2030''
| updated = 21 March 2024
}}
The second round of [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|2026 FIFA World Cup AFC qualification]], which also serves as the second round of [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification]], began on 16 November 2023 and will be completed on 11 June 2024.<ref name=Aug23Jul24>{{cite web|url=https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/calendars/AFC-Competitions-Calendar-(Aug-2023---Jul-2024).pdf|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|title=AFC Competitions Calendar (Aug 2023 - Jul 2024)|access-date=29 August 2022|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928110300/https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/calendars/AFC-Competitions-Calendar-(Aug-2023---Jul-2024).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/calendars/AFC-Competitions-Calendar-(Aug-2024---Jul-2025).pdf|publisher=Asian Football Confederation|title=AFC Competitions Calendar (Aug 2024 - Jul 2025)|access-date=29 August 2022|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808060613/https://assets.the-afc.com/downloads/calendars/AFC-Competitions-Calendar-(Aug-2024---Jul-2025).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Format==
A total of 36 teams were drawn into 9 groups of 4 to play home-and-away [[round-robin tournament|round-robin]] matches. They included the 26 teams which received byes to this round, and the 10 winners from the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round|first round]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seedings revealed for FIFA World Cup 2026 and AFC Asian Cup Saudi Arabia 2027 Qualifiers draw |url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/fifa_world_cup/news/seedings_revealed_for_fifa_world_cup_2026_and_afc_asian_cup_saudi_arabia_2027™_qualifiers_draw.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=AFC |language=en}}</ref>

The winners and runners-up of each group will advance to the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|third round]] and qualify for the [[2027 AFC Asian Cup]]. The third and fourth place teams will advance to the [[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|third round of the 2027 Asian Cup qualification]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/more/afc_competitions/news/asia%E2%80%99s_pathway_to_the_fifa_world_cup_2026_and_afc_asian_cup%E2%84%A2_2027_confirmed.html|title=Asia's pathway to the FIFA World Cup 2026 and AFC Asian Cup 2027 confirmed|publisher=AFC|date=1 August 2022}}</ref>

==Seeding==
The draw for the second round was held on 27 July 2023 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<ref name="FIFA World Cup 2026 and AFC Asian Cup Saudi Arabia 2027 Qualifiers draw">{{cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/fifa_world_cup/news/stage_set_for_fifa_world_cup_2026_and_afc_asian_cup_saudi_arabia_2027%E2%84%A2_qualifiers_draw.html|title=Stage set for FIFA World Cup 2026 and AFC Asian Cup Saudi Arabia 2027 Qualifiers draw |publisher=AFC|date=5 July 2023}}</ref>

The seeding was based on the [[FIFA World Rankings]] of July 2023 (shown in parentheses below). The identities of the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round|first round]] winners were not known at the time of the draw.

Note: '''Bolded''' teams qualified for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|third round]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=22%|Pot 1
!width=22%|Pot 2
!width=22%|Pot 3
!width=22%|Pot 4
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|{{ordered list|start=1
|{{fb|JPN}} (20)
|{{fb|IRN}} (22)
|{{fb|AUS}} (27)
|{{fb|KOR}} (28)
|{{fb|KSA}} (54){{refn|group="note"|Saudi Arabia has already qualified for the [[2027 AFC Asian Cup]] as tournament hosts and are competing to qualify for the [[2026 FIFA World Cup]].}}
|{{fb|QAT}} (59)
|{{fb|IRQ}} (70)
|{{fb|UAE}} (72)
|{{fb|OMA}} (73)
}}
|{{ordered list|start=10
|{{fb|UZB}} (74)
|{{fb|CHN}} (80)
|{{fb|JOR}} (82)
|{{fb|BHR}} (86)
|{{fb|SYR}} (94)
|{{fb|VIE}} (95)
|{{fb|PLE}} (96)
|{{fb|KGZ|1992}} (97)
|{{fb|IND}} (99)
}}
|{{ordered list|start=19
|{{fb|LBN}} (100)
|{{fb|TJK}} (110)
|{{fb|THA}} (113)
|{{fb|PRK}} (115)
|{{fb|PHI}} (135)
|{{fb|MAS}} (136)
|{{fb|KUW}} (137)
|{{fb|TKM}} (138)
}}
|{{ordered list|start=27
|{{fb|HKG}} (149){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|IDN}} (150){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|TPE}} (153){{sup|†}}

|{{fb|YEM}} (156){{sup|†‡}}
|{{fb|AFG}} (157){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|SGP}} (158){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|MYA}} (160){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|NEP}} (175){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|BAN}} (189){{sup|†}}
|{{fb|PAK}} (201){{sup|†}}
}}
|}
{{sup|†}} Teams whose identity was not known at the time of the draw. 
{{sup|‡}} Team moved to Pot 3 after the other Pot 4 teams had been drawn into groups; subsequently drawn at random from Pot 3.

==Schedule==
The schedule is expected to be as follows, according to the [[FIFA International Match Calendar]].<ref name=Aug23Jul24/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Matchday
!Date(s)
|-
|Matchday 1
|16 November 2023
|-
|Matchday 2
|21 November 2023
|-
|Matchday 3
|21 March 2024
|-
|Matchday 4
|26 March 2024
|-
|Matchday 5
|6 June 2024
|-
|Matchday 6
|11 June 2024
|}

==Groups==
===Group A===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group A
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_QAT={{fb|QAT}} |short_QAT={{fbicon|QAT}}
|name_IND={{fb|IND}} |short_IND={{fbicon|IND}}
|name_KUW={{fb|KUW}} |short_KUW={{fbicon|KUW}}
|name_AFG={{fb|AFG}} |short_AFG={{fbicon|AFG}}


|update=21 November 2023
|win_QAT=2 |draw_QAT=0 |loss_QAT=0 |gf_QAT=11 |ga_QAT=1
|win_IND=1 |draw_IND=0 |loss_IND=1 |gf_IND=1 |ga_IND=3
|win_KUW=1 |draw_KUW=0 |loss_KUW=1 |gf_KUW=4 |ga_KUW=1
|win_AFG=0 |draw_AFG=0 |loss_AFG=2 |gf_AFG=1 |ga_AFG=12


|team_order=QAT, KUW, IND, AFG


|match_QAT_AFG=[[#QAT v AFG|8–1]]
|match_QAT_KUW=[[#QAT v KUW|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_QAT_IND=[[#QAT v IND|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_IND_QAT=[[#IND v QAT|0–3]]
|match_IND_AFG=[[#IND v AFG|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_IND_KUW=[[#IND v KUW|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_KUW_IND=[[#KUW v IND|0–1]]
|match_KUW_QAT=[[#KUW v QAT|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_KUW_AFG=[[#KUW v AFG|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_AFG_KUW=[[#AFG v KUW|0–4]]
|match_AFG_IND=[[#AFG v IND|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_AFG_QAT=[[#AFG v QAT|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = QAT v AFG
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:45|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|QAT}}
|score = 8–1
|team2 = {{fb|AFG}}
|goals1 =
*[[Hassan Al-Haydos|Al-Haydos]] {{goal|11}}
*[[Almoez Ali|Ali]] {{goal|15||26||33|pen.|45+3|pen.}}
*[[Mostafa Meshaal (footballer)|Meshaal]] {{goal|18}}
*[[Ahmed Alaaeldin|Alaaeldin]] {{goal|53|pen.}}
*[[Tameem Al-Abdullah|Al-Abdullah]] {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2 =
*[[Amredin Sharifi|Sharifi]] {{goal|13}}
|stadium = [[Khalifa International Stadium]], [[Al Rayyan]]
|attendance = 19,374
|referee = Nasrullo Kabirov ([[Tajikistan Football Federation|Tajikistan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017176 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399036 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = KUW v IND
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:30|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KUW}}
|score = 0–1
|team2 = {{fb|IND}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Manvir]] {{goal|75}}
|stadium = [[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]]
|attendance = 32,786
|referee = [[Shaun Evans (referee)|Shaun Evans]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017174 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399038 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = AFG v KUW
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|AFG}}
|score = 0–4
|team2 = {{fb|KUW}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Shabaib Al-Khaldi|Al-Khaldi]] {{goal|18|pen.|80}}
*[[Mohammad Daham|Daham]] {{goal|69}}
*[[Athbi Saleh|Saleh]] {{goal|82}}
|stadium = [[Prince Mohamed bin Fahd Stadium]], [[Dammam]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Afghanistan|Afghanistan will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the ongoing [[Afghan conflict]].}}
|attendance = 330
|referee = Ahmed Faisal Al-Ali ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017168 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399039 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = IND v QAT
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}}
|score = 0–3
|team2 = {{fb|QAT}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Mostafa Meshaal (footballer)|Meshaal]] {{goal|4}}
*[[Almoez Ali|Ali]] {{goal|47}}
*[[Yusuf Abdurisag|Abdurisag]] {{goal|86}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]], [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 11,389
|referee = [[Sivakorn Pu-udom]] ([[Football Association of Thailand|Thailand]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017172 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399032 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = AFG v IND
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|AFG}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IND}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Sports City]], [[Abha]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Afghanistan|Afghanistan will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the ongoing [[Afghan conflict]].}}
|attendance =
|referee = [[Kim Hee-gon]] ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017167 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399040 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = QAT v KUW
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|21:30|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|QAT}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|KUW}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jassim bin Hamad Stadium]], [[Al Rayyan]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Jumpei Iida]] ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017178 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399033 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = IND v AFG
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|AFG}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017170
}}
{{Football box
|id = KUW v QAT
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KUW}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|QAT}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ali Al-Salem Al-Sabah Stadium]], [[Al Farwaniyah]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017175
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = AFG v QAT
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|AFG}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|QAT}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Al Thumama Stadium]], [[Doha]] (Qatar) {{refn|group="note"|name=Afghanistan|Afghanistan will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the ongoing [[Afghan conflict]].}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017169
}}
{{Football box
| id = IND v KUW
| date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
| time = {{UTZ||5:30}}
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IND}}
| score =
| team2 = {{fb|KUW}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017171
| event =
| round =
| score1 =
| score2 =
| location = [[Kolkata]]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = QAT v IND
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|QAT}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IND}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Al Bayt Stadium]], [[Al Khor]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017177
}}
{{Football box
|id = KUW v AFG
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KUW}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|AFG}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017173
}}

===Group B===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group B
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_JPN={{fb|JPN}} |short_JPN={{fbicon|JPN}}
|name_SYR={{fb|SYR}} |short_SYR={{fbicon|SYR}}
|name_PRK={{fb|PRK}} |short_PRK={{fbicon|PRK}}
|name_MYA={{fb|MYA}} |short_MYA={{fbicon|MYA}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_JPN=3 |draw_JPN=0 |loss_JPN=0 |gf_JPN=11|ga_JPN=0
|win_SYR=1 |draw_SYR=1 |loss_SYR=1 |gf_SYR=2 |ga_SYR=6
|win_PRK=1 |draw_PRK=0 |loss_PRK=2 |gf_PRK=6 |ga_PRK=3
|win_MYA=0 |draw_MYA=1 |loss_MYA=2 |gf_MYA=2 |ga_MYA=12


|team_order=JPN, SYR, PRK, MYA


|match_JPN_MYA=[[#JPN v MYA|5–0]]
|match_JPN_PRK=[[#JPN v PRK|1–0]]
|match_JPN_SYR=[[#JPN v SYR|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_SYR_JPN=[[#SYR v JPN|0–5]]
|match_SYR_MYA=[[#SYR v MYA|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_SYR_PRK=[[#SYR v PRK|1–0]]

|match_PRK_SYR=[[#PRK v SYR|{{small|6 Jun}}]]
|match_PRK_JPN=[[#PRK v JPN|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_PRK_MYA=[[#PRK v MYA|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_MYA_PRK=[[#MYA v PRK|1–6]]
|match_MYA_SYR=[[#MYA v SYR|1–1]]
|match_MYA_JPN=[[#MYA v JPN|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = JPN v MYA
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|9}}{{refn|group="note"|name=Japan vs Myanmar|AFC listed the kick-off time at 19:02 due to an unknown reason.}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|JPN}}
|score = 5–0
|team2 = {{fb|MYA}}
|goals1 =
*[[Ayase Ueda|Ueda]] {{goal|11||45+4||50}}
*[[Daichi Kamada|Kamada]] {{goal|28}}
*[[Ritsu Dōan|Dōan]] {{goal|86}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Suita City Football Stadium]], [[Suita]]
|attendance = 34,484
|referee = [[Muhammad Taqi (referee)|Muhammad Taqi]] ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017254 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399050 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = SYR v PRK
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}{{refn|group="note"|name=Syria vs North Korea|The hosting duties for the matches between North Korea and Syria were swapped on 31 October 2023. While no official explanation has been provided, the swap in the June 2024 matches eliminates the need for both teams to traverse the entire continent between their final two matches.}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|SYR}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{fb|PRK}}
|goals1 =
*[[Omar Al Somah|Al Somah]] {{goal|37|pen.}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Sports City]], [[Jeddah]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Syria|Syria will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the ongoing [[Syrian civil war]].}}
|attendance = 4,285
|referee = [[Alireza Faghani]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])<ref>{{cite web| url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/357d1bbadb3ef112/original/2023-FIFA-Refereeing-International-Lists.pdf| title=2023 FIFA Refereeing International Lists| publisher=[[FIFA]]| access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref> 
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017259 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399048 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = MYA v PRK
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|16:00|6:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|MYA}}
|score = 1–6
|team2 = {{fb|PRK}}
|goals1 =
*[[Win Naing Tun]] {{goal|77}}
|goals2 =
*[[Jong Il-gwan]] {{goal|30||54||56}}
*[[Choe Ju-song]] {{goal|34|pen.}}
*[[Han Kwang-song]] {{goal|38}}
*[[Ri Hyong-jin]] {{goal|70}}
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]], [[Yangon]]
|attendance = 9,500
|referee = Ilgiz Tantashev ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017252 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399045 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = SYR v JPN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:45|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|SYR}}
|score = 0–5
|team2 = {{fb|JPN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Takefusa Kubo|Kubo]] {{goal|32}}
*[[Ayase Ueda|Ueda]] {{goal|37||40}}
*[[Yukinari Sugawara|Sugawara]] {{goal|47}}
*[[Mao Hosoya|Hosoya]] {{goal|82}}
|stadium = [[Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Sports City]], [[Jeddah]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Syria}}
|attendance = 6,130
|referee = [[Ma Ning (referee)|Ma Ning]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017261 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399032 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = JPN v PRK
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:23|9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|JPN}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{fb|PRK}}
|goals1 =
*[[Ao Tanaka|Tanaka]] {{goal|2}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Japan National Stadium]], [[Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|title=ホームゲーム会場が国立競技場に決定　なでしこジャパン（日本女子代表）対朝鮮民主主義人民共和国女子代表および SAMURAI BLUE（日本代表）対朝鮮民主主義人民共和国代表|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Japan Football Association]]|url=https://www.jfa.jp/news/00033516/|date=27 December 2023|access-date=27 December 2023}}</ref>
|attendance = 59,354
|referee = Adel Al-Naqbi ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017255 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399052 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
| id = MYA v SYR
| date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
| time = {{UTZ|18:00|6:30}}
| team1 = {{fb-rt|MYA}}
| score =
| team2 = {{fb|SYR}}
| goals1 =
*[[Soe Moe Kyaw]] {{goal|35}}
| goals2 =
*[[Alaa Al Dali|Al Dali]] {{goal|71}}
| stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]], [[Yangon]]
| attendance =
| referee = Hassan Akrami ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])
| report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017253 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399046 Report (AFC)]
| event =
| round =
| score1 = 1
| score2 = 1
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = SYR v MYA
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|SYR}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|MYA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Prince Mohamed bin Fahd Stadium]], [[Dammam]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Syria|Syria will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the ongoing [[Syrian civil war]].}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017260
}}
{{Football box
|id = PRK v JPN
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PRK}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|JPN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kim Il Sung Stadium]], [[Pyongyang]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017258
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = MYA v JPN
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|15:30|6:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|MYA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|JPN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Thuwunna Stadium]], [[Yangon]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017251
}}
{{Football box
|id = PRK v SYR
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}{{refn|group="note"|name=Syria vs North Korea}}
|time = {{UTZ||9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PRK}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|SYR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kim Il Sung Stadium]], [[Pyongyang]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017262
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = JPN v SYR
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|JPN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|SYR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Saitama Stadium 2002]], [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017256
}}
{{Football box
|id = PRK v MYA
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PRK}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|MYA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Kim Il Sung Stadium]], [[Pyongyang]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017257
}}

===Group C===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group C
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_KOR={{fb|KOR}} |short_KOR={{fbicon|KOR}}
|name_CHN={{fb|CHN}} |short_CHN={{fbicon|CHN}}
|name_THA={{fb|THA}} |short_THA={{fbicon|THA}}
|name_SGP={{fb|SGP}} |short_SGP={{fbicon|SGP}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_KOR=2 |draw_KOR=1 |loss_KOR=0 |gf_KOR=9 |ga_KOR=1
|win_CHN=1 |draw_CHN=1 |loss_CHN=1 |gf_CHN=4 |ga_CHN=6
|win_THA=1 |draw_THA=1 |loss_THA=1 |gf_THA=5 |ga_THA=4
|win_SGP=0 |draw_SGP=1 |loss_SGP=2 |gf_SGP=3 |ga_SGP=10


|team_order=KOR, THA, CHN, SGP


|match_KOR_SGP=[[#KOR v SGP|5–0]]
|match_KOR_THA=[[#KOR v THA|1–1]]
|match_KOR_CHN=[[#KOR v CHN|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_CHN_KOR=[[#CHN v KOR|0–3]]
|match_CHN_SGP=[[#CHN v SGP|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_CHN_THA=[[#CHN v THA|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_THA_CHN=[[#THA v CHN|1–2]]
|match_THA_KOR=[[#THA v KOR|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_THA_SGP=[[#THA v SGP|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_SGP_THA=[[#SGP v THA|1–3]]
|match_SGP_CHN=[[#SGP v CHN|2–2]]
|match_SGP_KOR=[[#SGP v KOR|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = KOR v SGP
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KOR}}
|score = 5–0
|team2 = {{fb|SGP}}
|goals1 =
*[[Cho Gue-sung]] {{goal|44}}
*[[Hwang Hee-chan]] {{goal|49}}
*[[Son Heung-min]] {{goal|63}}
*[[Hwang Ui-jo]] {{goal|68|pen.}}
*[[Lee Kang-in]] {{goal|85}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Seoul World Cup Stadium]], [[Seoul]]
|attendance = 64,381
|referee = Bijan Heydari ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017245 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399146 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = THA v CHN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:30|7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|THA}}
|score = 1–2
|team2 = {{fb|CHN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Sarach Yooyen|Sarach]] {{goal|23}}
|goals2 =
*[[Wu Lei]] {{goal|29}}
*[[Wang Shangyuan]] {{goal|74}}
|stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
|attendance = 35,009
|referee = Salman Falahi ([[Qatar Football Association|Qatar]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017249 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399152 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = SGP v THA
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|SGP}}
|score = 1–3
|team2 = {{fb|THA}}
|goals1 =
*[[Shawal Anuar|Shawal]] {{goal|41}}
|goals2 =
*[[Supachok Sarachat|Supachok]] {{goal|5}}
*[[Suphanat Mueanta|Suphanat]] {{goal|66||87}}
|stadium = [[National Stadium, Singapore|National Stadium]], [[Singapore]]
|attendance = 29,644
|referee = Ahmad Al-Ali ([[Kuwait Football Association|Kuwait]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017241 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399147 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = CHN v KOR
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|CHN}}
|score = 0–3
|team2 = {{fb|KOR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Son Heung-min]] {{goal|11|pen.|45}}
*[[Jung Seung-hyun]] {{goal|87}}
|stadium = [[Shenzhen Universiade Sports Centre]], [[Shenzhen]]
|attendance = 39,969
|referee = [[Abdulrahman Al-Jassim]] ([[Qatar Football Association|Qatar]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017243 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399153 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = KOR v THA
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KOR}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{fb|THA}}
|goals1 =
*[[Son Heung-min]] {{goal|42}}
|goals2 =
*[[Suphanat Mueanta|Suphanat]] {{goal|61}}
|stadium = [[Seoul World Cup Stadium]], [[Seoul]]
|attendance = 64,912
|referee = Khalid Al-Turais ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017247 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399148 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = SGP v CHN
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:30|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|SGP}}
|score = 2–2
|team2 = {{fb|CHN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Faris Ramli|Faris]] {{goal|53}}
*[[Jacob Mahler|Mahler]] {{goal|81}}
|goals2 =
*[[Wu Lei]] {{goal|10||45+2}}
|stadium = [[National Stadium, Singapore|National Stadium]], [[Singapore]]
|attendance = 28,414
|referee = [[Shaun Evans (referee)|Shaun Evans]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017239 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399154 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = CHN v SGP
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|CHN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|SGP}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Tianjin Olympic Centre]], [[Tianjin]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017242 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399155 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = THA v KOR
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:30|7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|THA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|KOR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017250 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399149 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = SGP v KOR
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|SGP}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|KOR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Stadium, Singapore|National Stadium]], [[Singapore]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017240 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399150 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = CHN v THA
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|CHN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|THA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017244 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399156 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = KOR v CHN
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|9}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KOR}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|CHN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017246 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399157 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = THA v SGP
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|THA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|SGP}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Rajamangala Stadium]], [[Bangkok]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017248 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399147 Report (AFC)]
}}

===Group D===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group D
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_OMA={{fb|OMA}} |short_OMA={{fbicon|OMA}}
|name_KGZ={{fb|KGZ}} |short_KGZ={{fbicon|KGZ}}
|name_MAS={{fb|MAS}} |short_MAS={{fbicon|MAS}}
|name_TPE={{fb|TPE}} |short_TPE={{fbicon|TPE}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_OMA=1 |draw_OMA=0 |loss_OMA=1 |gf_OMA=3 |ga_OMA=1
|win_KGZ=2 |draw_KGZ=0 |loss_KGZ=1 |gf_KGZ=6 |ga_KGZ=4
|win_MAS=2 |draw_MAS=0 |loss_MAS=0 |gf_MAS=5 |ga_MAS=3
|win_TPE=0 |draw_TPE=0 |loss_TPE=3 |gf_TPE=0 |ga_TPE=6


|team_order=KGZ, MAS, OMA, TPE


|match_OMA_TPE=[[#OMA v TPE|3–0]]
|match_OMA_MAS=[[#OMA v MAS|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_OMA_KGZ=[[#OMA v KGZ|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_KGZ_OMA=[[#KGZ v OMA|1–0]]
|match_KGZ_TPE=[[#KGZ v TPE|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_KGZ_MAS=[[#KGZ v MAS|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_MAS_KGZ=[[#MAS v KGZ|4–3]]
|match_MAS_OMA=[[#MAS v OMA|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_MAS_TPE=[[#MAS v TPE|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_TPE_MAS=[[#TPE v MAS|0–1]]
|match_TPE_KGZ=[[#TPE v KGZ|0–2]]
|match_TPE_OMA=[[#TPE v OMA|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = OMA v TPE
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|OMA}}
|score = 3–0
|team2 = {{fb|TPE}}
|goals1 =
*[[Omar Al-Malki|Al-Malki]] {{goal|17}}
*[[Pan Wen-chieh]] {{goal|41|o.g.}}
*[[Mataz Saleh|Saleh]] {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex]], [[Muscat]]
|attendance = 4,155
|referee = Sadullo Gulmurodi ([[Tajikistan Football Federation|Tajikistan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017233 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399158 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = MAS v KGZ
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|21:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|MAS}}
|score = 4–3
|team2 = {{fb|KGZ|1992}}
|goals1 =
*[[Dion Cools|Cools]] {{goal|7||77}}
*[[Khristiyan Brauzman|Brauzman]] {{goal|72|o.g.}}
*[[Faisal Halim|Faisal]] {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2 =
*[[Kayrat Zhyrgalbek uulu|Zhyrgalbek uulu]] {{goal|42}}
*[[Ernist Batyrkanov|Batyrkanov]] {{goal|44}}
*[[Kai Merk|Merk]] {{goal|57}}
|stadium = [[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
|attendance = 17,142
|referee = Ammar Mahfoodh ([[Bahrain Football Association|Bahrain]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017232 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399159 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = TPE v MAS
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TPE}}
|score = 0–1
|team2 = {{fb|MAS}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Darren Lok|Lok]] {{goal|72}}
|stadium = [[Taipei Municipal Stadium]], [[Taipei]]
|attendance = 9,521
|referee = [[Majed Al-Shamrani]] ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017227 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399160 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = KGZ v OMA
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|6}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KGZ|1992}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{fb|OMA}}
|goals1 =
*[[Odilzhon Abdurakhmanov|Abdurakhmanov]] {{goal|49}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Dolen Omurzakov Stadium]], [[Bishkek]]
|attendance = 10,783
|referee = [[Mooud Bonyadifard]] ([[Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017238 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399161 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = TPE v KGZ
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|16:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TPE}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|KGZ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Valery Kichin|Kichin]] {{goal|54|pen.}}
*[[Kai Merk|Merk]] {{goal|80}}
|stadium = [[Kaohsiung Nanzih Football Stadium]], [[Kaohsiung]]
|attendance =
|referee = Yahya Al-Mulla ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017229 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399162 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = OMA v MAS
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|OMA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|MAS}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex]], [[Muscat]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Fu Ming]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017234 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399163 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = KGZ v TPE
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|6}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KGZ}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|TPE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Dolen Omurzakov Stadium]], [[Bishkek]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017236
}}
{{Football box
|id = MAS v OMA
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|MAS}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|OMA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017231
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = TPE v OMA
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TPE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|OMA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[National Stadium (Kaohsiung)|National Stadium]], [[Kaohsiung]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017228
}}
{{Football box
|id = KGZ v MAS
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||6}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KGZ}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|MAS}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Dolen Omurzakov Stadium]], [[Bishkek]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017237
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = OMA v KGZ
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|OMA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|KGZ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex]], [[Muscat]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017235
}}
{{Football box
|id = MAS v TPE
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|MAS}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|TPE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bukit Jalil National Stadium]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017230
}}

===Group E===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group E
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_IRN={{fb|IRN}} |short_IRN={{fbicon|IRN}}
|name_UZB={{fb|UZB}} |short_UZB={{fbicon|UZB}}
|name_TKM={{fb|TKM}} |short_TKM={{fbicon|TKM}}
|name_HKG={{fb|HKG}} |short_HKG={{fbicon|HKG}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_IRN=2 |draw_IRN=1 |loss_IRN=0 |gf_IRN=11|ga_IRN=2
|win_UZB=2 |draw_UZB=1 |loss_UZB=0 |gf_UZB=7 |ga_UZB=3
|win_TKM=0 |draw_TKM=1 |loss_TKM=2 |gf_TKM=3 |ga_TKM=10
|win_HKG=0 |draw_HKG=1 |loss_HKG=2 |gf_HKG=2 |ga_HKG=8


|team_order=IRN, UZB, HKG, TKM


|match_IRN_HKG=[[#IRN v HKG|4–0]]
|match_IRN_TKM=[[#IRN v TKM|5–0]]
|match_IRN_UZB=[[#IRN v UZB|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_UZB_IRN=[[#UZB v IRN|2–2]]
|match_UZB_HKG=[[#UZB v HKG|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_UZB_TKM=[[#UZB v TKM|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_TKM_UZB=[[#TKM v UZB|1–3]]
|match_TKM_IRN=[[#TKM v IRN|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_TKM_HKG=[[#TKM v HKG|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_HKG_TKM=[[#HKG v TKM|2–2]]
|match_HKG_UZB=[[#HKG v UZB|0–2]]
|match_HKG_IRN=[[#HKG v IRN|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = IRN v HKG
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|3:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IRN}}
|score = 4–0
|team2 = {{fb|HKG}}
|goals1 =
*[[Sardar Azmoun|Azmoun]] {{goal|12||15}}
*[[Mehdi Taremi|Taremi]] {{goal|87}}
*[[Ramin Rezaeian|Rezaeian]] {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Azadi Stadium]], [[Tehran]]
|attendance = 6,191
|referee = [[Nazmi Nasaruddin]] ([[Football Association of Malaysia|Malaysia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017218 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399170 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = TKM v UZB
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TKM}}
|score = 1–3
|team2 = {{fb|UZB}}
|goals1 =
*[[Meýlis Durdyýew|Durdyýew]] {{goal|44}}
|goals2 =
*[[Otabek Shukurov|Shukurov]] {{goal|57||77}}
*[[Eldor Shomurodov|Shomurodov]] {{goal|90+1}}
|stadium = [[Ashgabat Stadium]], [[Ashgabat]]
|attendance = 19,500
|referee = Hiroyuki Kimura ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017223 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399171 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = HKG v TKM
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|HKG}}
|score = 2–2
|team2 = {{fb|TKM}}
|goals1 =
*[[Wong Wai]] {{goal|12}}
*[[Everton Camargo|Camargo]] {{goal|65}}
|goals2 =
*[[Ruslan Mingazow|Mingazow]] {{goal|4||36}}
|stadium = [[Hong Kong Stadium]], [[Hong Kong]]
|attendance = 6,601
|referee = Adel Al-Naqbi ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017216 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399172 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = UZB v IRN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|UZB}}
|score = 2–2
|team2 = {{fb|IRN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Oston Urunov|Urunov]] {{goal|52}}
*[[Igor Sergeev (Uzbekistani footballer)|Sergeev]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2 =
*[[Ramin Rezaeian|Rezaeian]] {{goal|14}}
*[[Mehdi Taremi|Taremi]] {{goal|38}}
|stadium = [[Milliy Stadium]], [[Tashkent]]
|attendance = 32,551
|referee = [[Mohammed Abdulla Hassan Mohamed]] ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017225 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399173 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = HKG v UZB
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|HKG}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|UZB}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Eldor Shomurodov|Shomurodov]] {{goal|49}}
*[[Rustam Ashurmatov|Ashurmatov]] {{goal|66}}
|stadium = [[Mong Kok Stadium]], [[Hong Kong]]
|attendance = 6,263
|referee = Kim Woo-sung ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017217 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399174 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = IRN v TKM
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:30|3:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IRN}}
|score = 5–0
|team2 = {{fb|TKM}}
|goals1 =
*[[Hossein Kanaanizadegan|Kanaani]] {{goal|10||48}}
*[[Sardar Azmoun|Azmoun]] {{goal|13}}
*[[Mohammad Mohebi|Mohebi]] {{goal|56}}
*[[Omid Noorafkan|Noorafkan]] {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Azadi Stadium]], [[Tehran]]
|attendance =
|referee = Yusuke Araki ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017219 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399175 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = UZB v HKG
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:30|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|UZB}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|HKG}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Milliy Stadium]], [[Tashkent]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017224
}}
{{Football box
|id = TKM v IRN
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TKM}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IRN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ashgabat Stadium]], [[Ashgabat]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017222
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = HKG v IRN
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|HKG}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IRN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Hong Kong Stadium]], [[Hong Kong]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017215
}}
{{Football box
|id = UZB v TKM
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|UZB}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|TKM}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017226
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = IRN v UZB
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||3:30}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IRN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|UZB}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Azadi Stadium]], [[Tehran]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017220
}}
{{Football box
|id = TKM v HKG
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TKM}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|HKG}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017221
}}

===Group F===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group F
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_IRQ={{fb|IRQ}} |short_IRQ={{fbicon|IRQ}}
|name_VIE={{fb|VIE}} |short_VIE={{fbicon|VIE}}
|name_PHI={{fb|PHI}} |short_PHI={{fbicon|PHI}}
|name_IDN={{fb|IDN}} |short_IDN={{fbicon|IDN}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_IRQ=2 |draw_IRQ=0 |loss_IRQ=0 |gf_IRQ=6 |ga_IRQ=1
|win_VIE=1 |draw_VIE=0 |loss_VIE=2 |gf_VIE=2 |ga_VIE=2
|win_PHI=0 |draw_PHI=1 |loss_PHI=1 |gf_PHI=1 |ga_PHI=3
|win_IDN=1 |draw_IDN=1 |loss_IDN=1 |gf_IDN=3 |ga_IDN=6


|team_order=IRQ, IDN, VIE, PHI


|match_IRQ_IDN=[[#IRQ v IDN|5–1]]
|match_IRQ_PHI=[[#IRQ v PHI|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_IRQ_VIE=[[#IRQ v VIE|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_VIE_IRQ=[[#VIE v IRQ|0–1]]
|match_VIE_IDN=[[#VIE v IDN|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_VIE_PHI=[[#VIE v PHI|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_PHI_VIE=[[#PHI v VIE|0–2]]
|match_PHI_IRQ=[[#PHI v IRQ|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_PHI_IDN=[[#PHI v IDN|1–1]]

|match_IDN_PHI=[[#IDN v PHI|{{small|11 Jun}}]]
|match_IDN_VIE=[[#IDN v VIE|1–0]]
|match_IDN_IRQ=[[#IDN v IRQ|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = IRQ v IDN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:45|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IRQ}}
|score = 5–1
|team2 = {{fb|IDN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Bashar Resan|Resan]] {{goal|20}}
*[[Jordi Amat (footballer)|Amat]] {{goal|35|o.g.}}
*[[Osama Rashid|Rashid]] {{goal|60}}
*[[Youssef Amyn|Amyn]] {{goal|81}}
*[[Ali Al-Hamadi|Al-Hamadi]] {{goal|88}}
|goals2 =
*[[Shayne Pattynama|Pattynama]] {{goal|45+3}}
|stadium = [[Basra International Stadium]], [[Basra]]
|attendance = 64,447
|referee = Ahmed Eisa ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017206 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399182 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = PHI v VIE
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PHI}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|VIE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Nguyễn Văn Toàn (footballer)|Nguyễn Văn Toàn]] {{goal|16}}
*[[Nguyễn Đình Bắc]] {{goal|90+4}}
|stadium = [[Rizal Memorial Stadium]], [[Manila]]
|attendance = 10,378
|referee = Rustam Lutfullin ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017211 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399183 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = PHI v IDN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PHI}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{fb|IDN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Patrick Reichelt|Reichelt]] {{goal|23}}
|goals2 =
*[[Saddil Ramdani|Saddil]] {{goal|70}}
|stadium = [[Rizal Memorial Stadium]], [[Manila]]{{refn|group="note"|name=Indonesia|Indonesia and Philippines swapped their fixtures on 31 October 2023, due to Indonesia hosting the [[2023 FIFA U-17 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rri.co.id/semarang/sepak-bola/421370/kualifikasi-piala-dunia-2026-timnas-away-ke-irak-dan-filipina | title=Kualifikasi Piala Dunia 2026, Timnas Away ke Irak dan Filipina}}</ref>}}
|attendance = 9,880
|referee = [[Kim Jong-hyeok]] ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017204 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399193 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = VIE v IRQ
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|VIE}}
|score = 0–1
|team2 = {{fb|IRQ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Mohanad Ali|M. Ali]] {{goal|90+7}}
|stadium = [[Mỹ Đình National Stadium]], [[Hanoi]]
|attendance = 20,568
|referee = Abdulla Al-Marri ([[Qatar Football Association|Qatar]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017213 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399185 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = IDN v VIE
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:30|7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IDN}}
|score = 1–0
|team2 = {{fb|VIE}}
|goals1 =
*[[Egy Maulana Vikri|Egy]] {{goal|52}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Gelora Bung Karno Stadium]], [[Jakarta]]
|attendance = 57,696
|referee = Salman Falahi ([[Qatar Football Association|Qatar]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017205 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399186 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = IRQ v PHI
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IRQ}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PHI}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Basra International Stadium]], [[Basra]]
|attendance =
|referee = Abdullah Jamali ([[Kuwait Football Association|Kuwait]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017207 Report (FIFA)] 
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = VIE v IDN
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|VIE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IDN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Mỹ Đình National Stadium]], [[Hanoi]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017212
}}
{{Football box
|id = PHI v IRQ
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PHI}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IRQ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Rizal Memorial Stadium]], [[Manila]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017210
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = IDN v IRQ
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IDN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|IRQ}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017203
}}
{{Football box
|id = VIE v PHI
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|VIE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PHI}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017214
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = IRQ v VIE
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IRQ}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|VIE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017208
}}
{{Football box
|id = IDN v PHI
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||7}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|IDN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PHI}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = {{refn|group="note"|name=Indonesia}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017209
}}

===Group G===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group G
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_KSA={{fb|KSA}} |short_KSA={{fbicon|KSA}}
|name_JOR={{fb|JOR}} |short_JOR={{fbicon|JOR}}
|name_TJK={{fb|TJK}} |short_TJK={{fbicon|TJK}}
|name_PAK={{fb|PAK}} |short_PAK={{fbicon|PAK}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_KSA=2 |draw_KSA=0 |loss_KSA=0 |gf_KSA=6 |ga_KSA=0
|win_JOR=1 |draw_JOR=1 |loss_JOR=1 |gf_JOR=4 |ga_JOR=3
|win_TJK=1 |draw_TJK=1 |loss_TJK=0 |gf_TJK=7 |ga_TJK=2
|win_PAK=0 |draw_PAK=0 |loss_PAK=3 |gf_PAK=1 |ga_PAK=13


|team_order=KSA, TJK, JOR, PAK


|match_KSA_PAK=[[#KSA v PAK|4–0]]
|match_KSA_TJK=[[#KSA v TJK|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_KSA_JOR=[[#KSA v JOR|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_JOR_KSA=[[#JOR v KSA|0–2]]
|match_JOR_PAK=[[#JOR v PAK|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_JOR_TJK=[[#JOR v TJK|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_TJK_JOR=[[#TJK v JOR|1–1]]
|match_TJK_KSA=[[#TJK v KSA|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_TJK_PAK=[[#TJK v PAK|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_PAK_TJK=[[#PAK v TJK|1–6]]
|match_PAK_JOR=[[#PAK v JOR|0–3]]
|match_PAK_KSA=[[#PAK v KSA|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO|result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]

|note_KSA=Saudi Arabia has already qualified for the Asian Cup as the host nation.
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = KSA v PAK
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:30|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KSA}}
|score = 4–0
|team2 = {{fb|PAK}}
|goals1 =
*[[Saleh Al-Shehri|Al-Shehri]] {{goal|6||48|pen.}}
*[[Abdulrahman Ghareeb|Ghareeb]] {{goal|90+1}}
*[[Abdullah Radif|Radif]] {{goal|90+6}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Al-Fateh Club Stadium]], [[Hofuf]]
|attendance = 11,150
|referee = Hanna Hattab ([[Syrian Football Association|Syria]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017197 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399200 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = TJK v JOR
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TJK}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{fb|JOR}}
|goals1 =
*[[Shahrom Samiev|Samiev]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2 =
*[[Yazan Al-Naimat|Al-Naimat]] {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium = [[Pamir Stadium]], [[Dushanbe]]
|attendance = 13,650
|referee = [[Ali Sabah]] ([[Iraq Football Association|Iraq]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017201 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399194 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = PAK v TJK
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|14:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PAK}}
|score = 1–6
|team2 = {{fb|TJK}}
|goals1 =
*[[Rahis Nabi|Nabi]] {{goal|21}}
|goals2 =
*[[Amadoni Kamolov|Kamolov]] {{goal|9||66}}
*[[Rustam Soirov|Soirov]] {{goal|13}}
*[[Parvizdzhon Umarbayev|Umarbayev]] {{goal|26}}
*[[Ehson Panjshanbe|Panjshanbe]] {{goal|45}}
*[[Shahrom Samiev|Samiev]] {{goal|90+1}}
|stadium = [[Jinnah Sports Stadium]], [[Islamabad]]
|attendance = 18,316
|referee = Yusuke Araki ([[Japan Football Association|Japan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017193 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399195 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = JOR v KSA
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|JOR}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|KSA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Saleh Al-Shehri|Al-Shehri]] {{goal|8||30}}
|stadium = [[Amman International Stadium]], [[Amman]]
|attendance = 13,845
|referee = [[Ahmed Al-Kaf]] ([[Oman Football Association|Oman]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017195 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399201 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = PAK v JOR
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|14:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PAK}}
|score = 0–3
|team2 = {{fb|JOR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Musa Al-Taamari|Al-Taamari]] {{goal|2||86}}
*[[Ali Olwan|Olwan]] {{goal|9|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Jinnah Sports Stadium]], [[Islamabad]]
|attendance = 9,625
|referee = Rustam Lutfullin ([[Uzbekistan Football Association |Uzbekistan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017191 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399196 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = KSA v TJK
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KSA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|TJK}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[KSU Stadium (Riyadh)|King Saud University Stadium]], [[Riyadh]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Muhammad Taqi (referee)|Muhammad Taqi]] ([[Football Association of Singapore|Singapore]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017199 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399202 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = JOR v PAK
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|21:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|JOR}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PAK}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Amman International Stadium]], [[Amman]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017194
}}
{{Football box
|id = TJK v KSA
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:00|5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TJK}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|KSA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Pamir Stadium]], [[Dushanbe]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017202
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = PAK v KSA
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PAK}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|KSA}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jinnah Sports Stadium]], [[Islamabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017192
}}
{{Football box
|id = JOR v TJK
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|JOR}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|TJK}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017196
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = KSA v JOR
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|KSA}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|JOR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017198
}}
{{Football box
|id = TJK v PAK
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||5}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|TJK}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PAK}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Pamir Stadium]], [[Dushanbe]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017200
}}

===Group H===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group H
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_UAE={{fb|UAE}} |short_UAE={{fbicon|UAE}}
|name_BHR={{fb|BHR}} |short_BHR={{fbicon|BHR}}
|name_YEM={{fb|YEM}} |short_YEM={{fbicon|YEM}}
|name_NEP={{fb|NEP}} |short_NEP={{fbicon|NEP}}


|update=21 November 2023
|win_UAE=2 |draw_UAE=0 |loss_UAE=0 |gf_UAE=6 |ga_UAE=0
|win_BHR=1 |draw_BHR=0 |loss_BHR=1 |gf_BHR=2 |ga_BHR=2
|win_YEM=1 |draw_YEM=0 |loss_YEM=1 |gf_YEM=2 |ga_YEM=2
|win_NEP=0 |draw_NEP=0 |loss_NEP=2 |gf_NEP=0 |ga_NEP=6


|team_order=UAE, BHR, YEM, NEP
|hth_BHR=Head-to-head points: Bahrain 3, Yemen 0.
|hth_YEM=BHR


|match_UAE_NEP=[[#UAE v NEP|4–0]]
|match_UAE_YEM=[[#UAE v YEM|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_UAE_BHR=[[#UAE v BHR|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_BHR_UAE=[[#BHR v UAE|0–2]]
|match_BHR_NEP=[[#BHR v NEP|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_BHR_YEM=[[#BHR v YEM|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_YEM_BHR=[[#YEM v BHR|0–2]]
|match_YEM_UAE=[[#YEM v UAE|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_YEM_NEP=[[#YEM v NEP|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_NEP_YEM=[[#NEP v YEM|0–2]]
|match_NEP_BHR=[[#NEP v BHR|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_NEP_UAE=[[#NEP v UAE|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = UAE v NEP
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:45|4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|UAE}}
|score = 4–0
|team2 = {{fb|NEP}}
|goals1 =
*[[Khalifa Al Hammadi|Al Hammadi]] {{goal|11}}
*[[Ali Mabkhout|Mabkhout]] {{goal|36|pen.|44}}
*[[Fábio Lima (footballer, born 1993)|Lima]] {{goal|45+1}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Al Maktoum Stadium]], [[Dubai]]
|attendance = 3,640
|referee = [[Hettikamkanamge Perera]] ([[Football Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017188 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399206 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = YEM v BHR
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|21:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|YEM}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|BHR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Mohamed Marhoon|Marhoon]] {{goal|38}}
*[[Harwan Al-Zubaidi|Al-Zubaidi]] {{goal|48|o.g.}}
|stadium = [[Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz Stadium]], [[Abha]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Yemen|Yemen will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the ongoing [[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|Yemeni civil war]].}}
|attendance = 1,291
|referee = [[Kim Jong-hyeok]] ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017181 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399207 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = NEP v YEM
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:45}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|NEP}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|YEM}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Omar Al-Dahi|O. Al-Dahi]] {{goal|72}}
*[[Mohammed Al-Dahi (Yemeni footballer)|M. Al-Dahi]] {{goal|90}}
|stadium = [[Dasharath Rangasala]], [[Kathmandu]]
|attendance = 13,735
|referee = [[Shen Yinhao]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017179 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2412165 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = BHR v UAE
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:45|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|BHR}}
|score = 0–2
|team2 = {{fb|UAE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Abdullah Ramadan (footballer)|Ramadan]] {{goal|36}}
*[[Ali Mabkhout|Mabkhout]] {{goal|90|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Bahrain National Stadium]], [[Riffa]]
|attendance = 18,267
|referee = Mohammed Al-Hoish ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017187 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399208 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = NEP v BHR
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|NEP}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|BHR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bahrain National Stadium]], [[Riffa]] (Bahrain){{refn|group="note"|name=Nepal|Nepal will play their home matches at a neutral venue due to the [[Dasharath Rangasala]] failing to meet FIFA standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/nepali-team-compelled-to-play-in-bahrain-following-deterioration-of-dasharath-stadium-ground/ |title=Nepali team compelled to play in Bahrain following deterioration of Dasharath stadium ground |date=11 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref>}}
|attendance =
|referee = [[Alex King (referee)|Alex King]] ([[Football Australia|Australia]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017182 Report (FIFA)] 
}}
{{Football box
|id = UAE v YEM
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|UAE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|YEM}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Al Nahyan Stadium]], [[Abu Dhabi]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Mohanad Qasim Sarray]] ([[Iraq Football Association|Iraq]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017189 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399210 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = BHR v NEP
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|BHR}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|NEP}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bahrain National Stadium]], [[Riffa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017185
}}
{{Football box
|id = YEM v UAE
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|22:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|YEM}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|UAE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Prince Saud bin Jalawi Stadium]], [[Khobar]] (Saudi Arabia){{refn|group="note"|name=Yemen}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017183
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = UAE v NEP
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||5:45}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|NEP}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|UAE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = {{refn|group="note"|name=Nepal}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017184
}}
{{Football box
|id = BHR v YEM
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|BHR}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|YEM}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bahrain National Stadium]], [[Riffa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017186
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = UAE v BHR
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|UAE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|BHR}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017190
}}
{{Football box
|id = YEM v NEP
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|YEM}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|NEP}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium]], [[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]] (Qatar) {{refn|group="note"|name=Yemen}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017180
}}

===Group I===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/qualifiers/afc/standings FIFA] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/national/asian_qualifiers/fixtures__standings AFC]
|section=Group I
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification#Tiebreakers|Tiebreakers]]
|show_matches=y
|name_AUS={{fb|AUS}} |short_AUS={{fbicon|AUS}}
|name_PLE={{fb|PLE}} |short_PLE={{fbicon|PLE}}
|name_LBN={{fb|LBN}} |short_LBN={{fbicon|LBN}}
|name_BAN={{fb|BAN}} |short_BAN={{fbicon|BAN}}


|update=21 March 2024
|win_AUS=3 |draw_AUS=0 |loss_AUS=0 |gf_AUS=10|ga_AUS=0
|win_PLE=0 |draw_PLE=1 |loss_PLE=1 |gf_PLE=0 |ga_PLE=1
|win_LBN=0 |draw_LBN=2 |loss_LBN=1 |gf_LBN=1 |ga_LBN=3
|win_BAN=0 |draw_BAN=1 |loss_BAN=1 |gf_BAN=1 |ga_BAN=8


|team_order=AUS, LBN, PLE, BAN


|match_AUS_BAN=[[#AUS v BAN|7–0]]
|match_AUS_LBN=[[#AUS v LBN|2-0]]
|match_AUS_PLE=[[#AUS v PLE|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_PLE_AUS=[[#PLE v AUS|0–1]]
|match_PLE_BAN=[[#PLE v BAN|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_PLE_LBN=[[#PLE v LBN|{{small|6 Jun}}]]

|match_LBN_PLE=[[#LBN v PLE|0–0]]
|match_LBN_AUS=[[#LBN v AUS|{{small|26 Mar}}]]
|match_LBN_BAN=[[#LBN v BAN|{{small|11 Jun}}]]

|match_BAN_LBN=[[#BAN v LBN|1–1]]
|match_BAN_PLE=[[#BAN v PLE|{{small|21 Mar}}]]
|match_BAN_AUS=[[#BAN v AUS|{{small|6 Jun}}]]


|res_col_header=Q
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=AC |result4=AC
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO=[[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round|World Cup qualifying third round]] and [[2027 AFC Asian Cup|Asian Cup]]
|col_AC=blue1 |text_AC=[[2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification – third round|Asian Cup qualifying third round]]
}}</onlyinclude>

{{Football box
|id = AUS v BAN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:10|+11}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|AUS}}
|score = 7–0
|team2 = {{fb|BAN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Harry Souttar|Souttar]] {{goal|4}}
*[[Brandon Borrello|Borrello]] {{goal|20}}
*[[Mitchell Duke|Duke]] {{goal|37||40}}
*[[Jamie Maclaren|Maclaren]] {{goal|48||70||84}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Melbourne Rectangular Stadium]], [[Melbourne]]
|attendance = 20,876
|referee = Ahrol Risqullaev ([[Uzbekistan Football Association|Uzbekistan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017269 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399222 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = LBN v PLE
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|16|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|4}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|LBN}}
|score = 0–0
|team2 = {{fb|PLE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Khalid bin Mohammed Stadium]], [[Sharjah]] (United Arab Emirates){{refn|group="note"|name=Lebanon|Lebanon will play all their home matches at a neutral venue until further notice, due to the adjacent [[2023 Israel–Hamas war|Israel–Hamas war]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Church |first=Michael |date=November 13, 2023 |title=War forces Palestine, Lebanon teams to begin World Cup quest away from home |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/war-forces-palestine-lebanon-teams-begin-world-cup-quest-away-home-2023-11-13/ |access-date=March 1, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BBC_Mani/status/1716394481958765043|title=Lebanon have chosen the Khalid Bin Mohamed Stadium in Sharja|publisher=Twitter|access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref>}}
|attendance = 200
|referee = [[Adham Makhadmeh]] ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017268 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399216 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = BAN v LBN
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:45|6}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|BAN}}
|score = 1–1
|team2 = {{fb|LBN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Shekh Morsalin|Morsalin]] {{goal|72}}
|goals2 =
*[[Majed Osman|Osman]] {{goal|67}}
|stadium = [[Bashundhara Kings Arena]], [[Dhaka]]
|attendance = 6,297
|referee = Kim Dae-yong ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017263 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399217 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = PLE v AUS
|date = {{Start date|2023|11|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|17:00|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PLE}}
|score = 0–1
|team2 = {{fb|AUS}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
*[[Harry Souttar|Souttar]] {{goal|18}}
|stadium = [[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]] (Kuwait){{refn|group="note"|name=Palestine|Palestine will play all their home matches at a neutral venue until further notice, due to the ongoing [[2023 Israel–Hamas war|Israel–Hamas war]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Church |first=Michael |date=November 13, 2023 |title=War forces Palestine, Lebanon teams to begin World Cup quest away from home |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/war-forces-palestine-lebanon-teams-begin-world-cup-quest-away-home-2023-11-13/ |access-date=March 1, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/BBC_Mani/status/1717211961925013736|title=Palestine have chosen Kuwait as the venue of their "home" World Cup qualifier against Australia on November 21.|publisher=Twitter|access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref>}}
|attendance = 14,537
|referee = Qasim Al-Hatmi ([[Oman Football Association|Oman]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017274 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399223 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = AUS v LBN
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:10|11}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|AUS}}
|score = 2–0
|team2 = {{fb|LBN}}
|goals1 =
*[[Keanu Baccus|Baccus]] {{goal|5}}
*[[Kye Rowles|Rowles]] {{goal|54}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Western Sydney Stadium]], [[Sydney]]
|attendance = 27,026
|referee = [[Khamis Al-Marri]] ([[Qatar Football Association|Qatar]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017270 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399224 Report (AFC)]
}}
{{Football box
|id = PLE v BAN
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|21|df=y}}{{refn|group="note"|name=Palestine vs Bangladesh|Bangladesh was originally scheduled to host Palestine on 21 March 2024 while Palestine would host the returning fixture on 26 March. However, the order was later reversed and Palestine will instead host the match at home on 21 March while Bangladesh will host the returning fixture on 26 March, which was due to Kuwait also host Qatar in the same day of the same qualification cycle and thus could cause schedule conflict.<ref>{{cite web|title=Palestine and Bangladesh agree to switch WCQ fixtures|url=https://footballpalestine.com/palestine-and-bangladesh-agree-to-switch-wcq-fixtures/|website=Football Palestine|access-date=21 March 2024|date=5 March 2024}}</ref>}}
|time = {{UTZ|21:30|3}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PLE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|BAN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium]], [[Kuwait City]] (Kuwait){{refn|group="note"|name=Palestine}}.
|attendance =
|referee = [[Shen Yinhao]] ([[Chinese Football Association|China]])
|report = [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017272 Report (FIFA)] [https://www.the-afc.com/en/matches/asian-qualifiers/2026/2399219 Report (AFC)]
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = BAN v PLE
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}{{refn|group="note"|name=Palestine vs Bangladesh}}
|time = {{UTZ|15:30|6}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|BAN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PLE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bashundhara Kings Arena]], [[Dhaka]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017265
}}
{{Football box
|id = LBN v AUS
|date = {{Start date|2024|3|26|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:45|11}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|LBN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|AUS}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Canberra Stadium]], [[Canberra]] (Australia){{refn|group="note"|name=Canberra|Lebanon will play this home match in Australia, following AFC approval, due to the ongoing [[2023 Israel–Hamas war|Israel–Hamas war]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.socceroos.com.au/news/subway-socceroos-play-second-world-cup-qualifier-canberra|title=Subway Socceroos to play second World Cup Qualifier in Canberra|publisher=Football Australia|date=1 March 2024|access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref>}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017267
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = BAN v AUS
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||6}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|BAN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|AUS}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017264
}}
{{Football box
|id = PLE v LBN
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|6|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|PLE}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|LBN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Education City Stadium]], [[Al Rayyan (city)|Al Rayyan]] (Qatar) {{refn|group="note"|name=Palestine}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017273
}}
----
{{Football box
|id = AUS v PLE
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|20:05|8}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|AUS}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|PLE}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Perth Rectangular Stadium]], [[Perth]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017271
}}
{{Football box
|id = LBN v BAN
|date = {{Start date|2024|6|11|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ||}}
|team1 = {{fb-rt|LBN}}
|score =
|team2 = {{fb|BAN}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = {{refn|group="note"|name=Lebanon}}
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/match-centre/match/520/288263/288267/400017266
}}

==Goalscorers==
{{#invoke:Goalscorers|main|2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|round=secondround|bold=no}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2026 FIFA World Cup qualification}}
{{2027 AFC Asian Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2026 FIFA World Cup qualification - AFC second round}}
[[Category:2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)|2]]
[[Category:2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification|2]]
[[Category:2023 in Asian football]]
[[Category:2024 in Asian football]]
[[Category:November 2023 sports events in Asia|FIFA World Cup qualification, AFC Round 2]]
[[Category:March 2024 sports events in Asia|FIFA World Cup qualification, AFC Round 2]]
[[Category:June 2024 sports events|FIFA World Cup qualification, AFC Round 2]]

Larry Doyle (writer)

2024-03-21T14:40:21Z

Hcoder3104: #article-section-source-editor

{{Short description|American novelist, screenwriter, and producer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Larry Doyle
| image = Larry_Doyle_fishing_in_Central_Park.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Doyle fishing in Flushing Meadows Park
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| children = [[Jet Lag: The Game | Ben Doyle]]
| occupation = Novelist, columnist, humorist, screenwriter
| period = 1989–present
| genre = Humor, fiction
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' ''[[The Simpsons]]'' ''[[Looney Tunes: Back in Action]]''
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|larrydoyle.com/}}
}}

'''Larry Doyle''' is an American novelist, screenwriter, and producer.

==Career==
Doyle got his start in 1989–1991 as an editor at Chicago-based [[First Comics]].<ref>"First," ''The Comics Journal'' #124 (August 1988), p. 19: Concerns editor Larry Doyle at First Comics.</ref> He started writing for television, with a 1993 and a 1994 episode of ''[[Rugrats]]'', then regularly working on ''[[Beavis and Butt-head]]'' between 1994 and 1997, when he joined ''[[The Simpsons]]'' as a writer and producer for seasons nine through twelve (1997–2001). Other television writing credits include one episode for ''[[Daria]]'' and two episodes for ''[[Liquid Television]]''.

Doyle wrote the screenplays for the 2003 film releases ''[[Duplex (film)|Duplex]]'' and ''[[Looney Tunes: Back in Action]]''. He also produced some Looney Tunes shorts that were completed in 2003. However, due to the box-office bomb of ''Looney Tunes: Back in Action'', [[Warner Bros.]] decided not to release the shorts theatrically, releasing them direct-to-video instead.

Doyle is a frequent contributor to ''[[The New Yorker]]'' and has also had columns in ''[[Esquire magazine]]'', [[New York Magazine]], and the [[New York Observer]].

Doyle's first novel, ''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'', was published in May 2007. The setting is graduation night at [[Buffalo Grove High School]], Doyle's alma mater. This novel won the 2008 [[Thurber prize]] for American Humor. Doyle wrote the screenplay for the [[I Love You, Beth Cooper (film)|film based on his novel]], which was released in 2009. Also in 2009, the book ''I Love You, Beth Cooper'' was re-released as an extended movie tie-in edition. His second novel, ''Go Mutants!'', was published in 2010. This novel had its film rights acquired by [[Imagine Entertainment]]/[[Universal Studios]] the same year, with the screenplay written by Doyle.<ref>[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] [http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118005253.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 article] about ''Go Mutants!''</ref> ''Deliriously Happy (and Other Bad Thoughts)'', a collection of humor pieces from the New Yorker and elsewhere, was published in 2011.

== Bibliography ==
{{Incomplete list |date=March 2024}}{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}

===Novels===
*''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' (May 2007) {{ISBN|0-06-123617-9}}
*''Go Mutants!'' (June 2010) {{ISBN|0-06-168655-7}}

===Collected humor pieces===
*''Deliriously Happy (and Other Bad Thoughts)'' (November 2011) {{ISBN|0-06-196683-5}}

===Media tie-ins===
*''Beavis and Butt-head: This Sucks Change It'' (1995)
*''Beavis and Butt-head: Huh Huh for Hollywood'' (1996)
*''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' (Extended Movie Tie-In Edition) (May 2009) {{ISBN|0-06-174485-9}}

===Comics===
*''[[Pogo (comics)|Pogo]]'', syndicated comic strip illustrated by Neal Sternecky (1989–1991)
*''Bad Publicity'', comic strip in the back of ''[[New York Magazine]]'' (1994–1997)

=== Articles ===

;''[[The New Yorker]]''
*"Life Without Leann" (January 15, 1990)
*"t.V." (April 2, 1990)
*"You Won't Have Nixon to Kick Around Anymore, Dirtbag" (December 20, 1993)
*"Adventures in Experimentation" (March 28, 1994)
*"Stop Me If You've Heard This One" (March 29, 1999)
*"Me v. Big Mike" (June 14, 1999)
*"I Killed Them in New Haven" (December 15, 2003)
*"Disengagements" (March 28, 2005)
*"May We Tell You Our Specials This Evening?" (October 3, 2005)
*"Let's Talk About My New Movie" (January 23, 2006)
*"How Fred Flintstone Got Home, Got Wild, and Got a Stone Age Life" (May 15, 2006)
*"I'm Afraid I Have Some Bad News" (June 19, 2006)
*"Please Read Before Suing" (February 2, 2007)
*"We Request the Honor of Your Presence at GwynneandDaveShareTheirJoy.com" (May 21, 2007)
*"My Mega-Millions" (August 27, 2007)
*"Portrait in Evil: My Story" (September 17, 2007)
*"Why We Strike" (November 19, 2007)
*"Bad Dog" (May 12, 2008)
*"Is There a Problem Here?" (December 15, 2008)
*"Fun Times!" (April 20, 2009)
*"Hot Wings: Notes on My New Best Seller" (June 7, 2010)
*"Sleeper Camp" (August 9, 2010)
*"Fun Summer" Online only (May 31, 2012)
*"Reboot Me" (July 23, 2012)
* {{cite journal  |date=February 15–22, 2021 |title=Kill your darlings |department=Shouts & Murmurs |journal=The New Yorker |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=29 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/02/15/kill-your-darlings }}

;''[[Esquire magazine|Esquire]]''
*"The Talk: What Does a Father Owe a Son" (May 1988)
*"Esky" columnist (1997–1999)
*"My Heart, My Rules" (February 1998)
*"Naughty, Awful Boys" (June 1998)
*"The Weiner" (June 1999)
*"Freezer Madness" (October 1999)
*"The Babyproofer" (January 2000)
*"Me's a Crowd" (September 2000)
*"Things You Need to Know About Me" (October 2006)

===Other contributions===
Doyle has also contributed widely to several magazines as a regular columnist or editor, including:
*''[[United Press International]]'', Medical and Science Reporter (1983–1989)
*''[[First Comics]]'', Editor in Chief (1989)
*''[[National Lampoon (magazine)|National Lampoon]]'', Editor (1991)
*''[[Spy Magazine]]'', Deputy Editor (1992–1993)
*''Eight Days a Week'' column for the ''[[New York Observer]]'', (1993–1994)
*''Front Page'' column for [[New York Magazine]], and the Deputy Editor (1994–1997)

==Film, television and radio writing credits==
===Film===
*''[[Duplex (film)|Duplex]]'' (2003)
*''[[Looney Tunes: Back in Action]]'' (2003)
*''[[I Love You, Beth Cooper (film)|I Love You, Beth Cooper]]'' (2009)
*''Go Mutants!'' (forthcoming, announced)

===Television===
;''[[Instant Mom]]'' episodes
*"Rock Mom"
*"Ain't Misbehavin' or Else"
*"Walk Like a Boy"

;''[[The Simpsons]]'' episodes
*"[[Girly Edition]]" (1998)
*"[[Treehouse of Horror IX]]" ("The Terror of Tiny Toon") (1998)
*"[[Wild Barts Can't Be Broken]]" (1999)
*"[[Simpsons Bible Stories]]" (with [[Tim Long]] and [[Matt Selman]] as co-writers) (1999)
*"[[Pygmoelian]]" (2000)
*"[[It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Marge]]" (2000)
*"[[Worst Episode Ever]]" (2001)

;''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'' episodes
*"Choke"
*"Nosebleed"
*"Bad Dog"
*"Butt Flambé"
*"Stewart is Missing"
*"A Very Special Episode"
*"Final Judgement of Beavis"
*"Liar! Liar!"
*"Safe Driving"
*"Beavis and Butt-Head Do America" (Consultant)

;''[[Rugrats]]'' episodes
*"Circus Angelicus"
*"Naked Tommy"

;''[[Daria]]'' episodes
*"Too Cute"

===Radio===
*"Life Without Leann" on [[This American Life]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0236421}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050208083023/http://www.thurberhouse.org/program/adlt_prize.html www.thurberhouse.org/program/adlt_prize.html]

{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Larry Doyle
|list =
{{Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production}}
{{Thurber Prize for American Humor}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doyle, Larry}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American television writers]]
[[Category:American male television writers]]
[[Category:The New Yorker people]]
[[Category:University of Illinois alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Maryland]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]