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List of radio stations in the United Kingdom

2010-11-25T21:05:20Z

Matthuxtable: /* Student and schools radio */ re-order list after updating Acorn/Fresh FM

{{unreferenced|date=October 2010}}
This is a list of [[radio station]]s in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Channel Islands]] and the [[Isle of Man]]:

== National analogue and digital stations ==
''This list does not include stations which broadcast on numerous local digital multiplexes or MW licences to achieve near-national coverage''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Format
! FM Frequencies
! AM Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Freeview
! Freesat
! Sky
! Virgin
|-
| [[Absolute Radio]]
| adult-orientated pop/rock music
| 105.8 FM (London)
| 1197, 1215, 1233, 1242, 1260 MW
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
| 727
| 724
| 0107
| 915
|-
| [[Absolute 80s]]
| Music from the 1980s
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
| 726
| 0200
| 951
|-
|-
| [[Absolute Radio 90s]]
| Music from the 1990s
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) Broadcasts as [[Absolute Radio Extra]] on DAB on Saturdays 1330-1830 with Premier League football commentary
|
|
| 0203
|
|-
| [[Amazing Radio]]
| New indie, rock, jazz and pop music
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio 1]]
| youth-orientated pop music and talk
| 97.6 - 99.8 FM
|
| 12B
| 700
| 700
| 0101
| 901
|-
| [[BBC 1Xtra]]
| Urban Music, Hip Hop, Drum'n'Bass
|
|
| 12B
| 701
| 701
| 0137
| 907
|-
| [[BBC Radio 2]]
| adult-orientated pop music (classics & current) and talk
| 88.1 - 90.2 FM
|
| 12B
| 702
| 702
| 0102
| 902
|-
| [[BBC Radio 3]]
| classical and serious music, drama
| 90.2 - 92.4 FM
|
| 12B
| 703
| 703
| 0103
| 903
|-
| [[BBC Radio 4]]
| news, documentary, drama, comedy
| 92.4 - 96.1 FM 103.5 - 104.9
| 198 LW 720 MW in London plus Plymouth 774, Hayle (Cornwall) 756, Newcastle 603, Carlisle 1495, Aberdeen 1449, Enniskillen 774, Derry 720 and Glasgow 720.
| 12B
| 704
| 704 (FM) 710 (LW)
| 0104 (FM) 0143 (LW)
| 904 (FM) 911 (LW)
|-
| [[BBC Radio 5 Live]]
| news and sport
|
| 909 MW, 693, 990
| 12B
| 705
| 705
| 0105
| 905
|-
| [[BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra]]
| extended coverage of sporting fixtures
|
|
| 12B
| 706
| 706
| 0144
| 908
|-
| [[BBC 6 Music]]
| young adult-orientated music
|
|
| 12B
| 707
| 707
| 0120
| 909
|-
| [[BBC Radio 7]]
| comedy, drama and kids
|
|
| 12B
| 708
| 708
| 0131
| 910
|-
| [[BBC Asian Network]]
| news, features and music for British Asians
|
| 837 MW (Leicestershire) 1449 (Peterborough) 1458 (Birmingham & West Midlands) 828 (Wolverhampton)
| 12B
| 709
| 709
| 0119
| 912
|-
| [[BBC World Service]]
| news and features
|
| 648 MW (Southern England)
| 12B
| 710
| 711
| 0115
| 906
|-
| [[British Forces Broadcasting Service|BFBS Radio]]
| British forces radio
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) 
|
| 786
| 0211
|
|-
| [[Classic FM (UK)|Classic FM]]
| classical music
| 99.9-101.9 FM
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) 12D (Northern Ireland)
|
| 721
| 0106
| 922
|-
| [[Planet Rock (radio station)|Planet Rock]]
| Classic Rock
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
| 730
| 0110
| 924
|-
| [[Premier Christian Radio|Premier Radio]]
| Christian radio station
|
| 1305, 1332 and 1413 MW in London
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
| 725
|
| 0123
|
|-
| [[Smooth Radio|Smooth Radio UK]]
| adult-orientated pop music
| 102.2 FM in London and on FM in West Midlands, East Midlands, North West and North East England
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
| 702
|
| 0128
| 916
|-
| [[talkSPORT]]
| sport and phone-ins
|
| 1053, 1089, 1071, 1107 MW
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) 12D (Northern Ireland)
| 723
| 731
| 0108
| 927
|-
| [[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB UK]]
| Christian radio station
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
|
| 0125
| 914
|-
|}

== Semi-National analogue and digital stations ==

''Stations which are available nationally on Freeview and Satellite and/or broadcast on more than one local DAB multiplex.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Format
! Analogue Availability
! DAB Channels
! Freeview
! Freesat
! Sky
! Virgin
|-
| [[Absolute Classic Rock]]
| Classic Rock
| Unavailable
| London (11B)
|
| 725
| 0201
| 952
|-
| [[Absolute Radio 90s]]
| 90s music
| Unavailable
| London (12A), Bristol and Bath (11B), Reading and Basingstoke (12D), Southend and Chelmsford (12D) and Cardiff and Newport (11C)
|
|
| 0203
|
|-
| [[The Arrow (radio)|The Arrow - Rock]]
| Classic Rock
| Unavailable
| London (12A), Humberside (11B), Leeds (12D), North East (12C), North West (12C) and South Yorkshire (11C)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Chill (radio station)|Chill]]
| Chill out music
| Unavailable
| Birmingham (11C) and London (11B)
|
|
| 0174
|
|-
| [[Choice FM]]
| Hip hop and RnB
| FM in London
| London (11B), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), West Midlands (12A), and Yorkshire (12A)
|
| 720
| 0144
| 969
|-
| [[Gold (radio)|Gold]]
| Classic Hits
| See England list for local AM / DAB network
| Digital feed of Gold London available in Humberside (11B), Central Lancashire (12A), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Central Scotland (11D), South Yorkshire (11C), Tyne and Wear (11C) and Teeside (11B)
|
| 722
| 0189
| 959
|-
| [[Galaxy Digital]]
| Dance and RnB
| FM in Manchester, North East, Yorkshire, Birmingham, Central Scotland and South Coast
| '''Galaxy Digital: ''' Digital feed of Galaxy Yorkshire available in Bath and Wiltshire (11B), Cambridge (11C), Leicestershire (11B), Norwich (11B), Nottinghamshire (12C), Peterborough (12D), Reading and Basingstoke (12D), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), Southend & Chelmsford (12D) and Swindon (11C) '''Galaxy North East: ''' North East (12C) '''Galaxy Manchester: ''' North West (12C) '''Galaxy Birmingham: ''' West Midlands (12A) '''Galaxy Yorkshire: ''' Yorkshire (12A). '''Galaxy Scotland: ''' Central Scotland (11D) '''Galaxy South Coast: ''' South Hampshire (11C) plus Bournemouth (11B), Cornwall (11B), Exeter and Torbay (11C), Kent (11C), Plymouth (12A) and Sussex Coast (11B) 
|
|
| 0171
| 919
|-
| [[Gaydar Radio]]
| Dance
| Unavailable
| London (11B), Sussex Coast (11B)
|
|
| 0158
|
|-
| [[Heat Radio (Digital)|Heat Radio]]
| 80s, 90s, 00s and current pop
| Unavailable
| Ayr (11B), Birmingham (11C), Dundee and Perth (11B), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), Central Lancashire (12A), London (12C), Humberside (11B), Inverness (11B), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Northern Ireland (12D), South Yorkshire (11C), Stoke-on-Trent (12D), Swansea (12A), (Tyne and Wear (11C) and Teeside (11B)
| 714
|
|
|
|-
| [[Heart Digital]]
| 80s, 90s and Today
| See England list for local FM / DAB network
| Digital feed of [[Heart 106.2|Heart London]] on North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), Yorkshire (12A), Central Scotland (11D)
| 728
|
| 0124
| 918
|-
| [[Jazz FM (UK)|Jazz FM]]
| Jazz
| Unavailable
| London (12C), North West (12C), West Midlands (12A), Glasgow (11C)
|
| 729
| 0202
|
|-
| [[Kerrang! Radio]]
| Modern and Classic Rock and Metal
| FM in West Midlands
| '''Kerrang! Radio: '''West Midlands (12A) '''Kerrang! Digital: ''' Digital feed of Kerrang! West Midlands on Aberdeen (11C), Central Lancashire (12A), London (12A), Manchester (11C), Humberside (11B), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Central Scotland (11D), South Yorkshire (11C), Teeside (11B) and Tyne and Wear (11C) 
| 722
|
|
|
|-
| [[Kismat Radio]]
| Asian music and talk
| AM in London
| London (11B) and Bradford and Huddersfield (11B)
|
|
| 0173
|
|-
| [[Kiss 100 London|Kiss FM]]
| Dance and RnB
| FM in London, Severn Estuary and East Anglia
| '''Kiss 100: ''' London (12C) '''Kiss 101: ''' South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C) '''Kiss 105-108: ''' Peterborough (12D), Cambridgeshire (11C), Norwich (11B) '''Kiss Digital: ''' Digital feed of Kiss 100 on Bath and Wiltshire (12D), Bournemouth (11B), Bradford and Huddersfield (12B), Bristol and Bath (11B), Cornwall (11B), Coventry (12D), Exeter and Torbay (11C), Humberside (11B), Central Lancashire (12A), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Plymouth (12A), Reading and Basingstoke (12D), South Yorkshire (11C), Swindon (11C), Teeside (11B), Tyne and Wear (11C) and Wolverhampton (11B) 
| 713
|
| 0178
| 963
|-
| [[LBC|LBC 97.3]]
| News & Talk
| FM in London
| Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0177
| 973
|-
| [[Magic 105.4]]
| Soft pop music
| FM in London
| '''Magic 105.4: ''' London (12C) '''Magic Digital: ''' Digital feed of Magic 105.4 available in Aberdeen (11C), Ayr (11B), Birmingham (11C), Cambridge (11C), Dundee and Perth (11B), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), Kent (11C), Northern Ireland (12D), Norwich (11B), Peterborough (12D), Stoke-on-Trent (12D), Sussex Coast (11B) and Swansea (12A)
|
| 715
| 0180
| 928
|-
| [[NME Radio]]
| Indie music
| Unavailable
| Cardiff and Newport (11C)
|
|
| 0184
|
|-
| [[Passion for the Planet]]
| Music, health, environmental and world news
| Unavailable
| Bristol and Bath (11B), Bath and Wiltshire (12D), Exeter & Torbay (11C), Peterborough (12D), Southend and Chelmsford (12D) and Swindon (11C)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Panjab Radio]]
| Asian radio station aimed at Punjabi speakers
| Unavailable
| 11B (London), 12A (West Midlands), 11B (Bradford and Huddersfield)
|
|
| 0130
|
|-
| [[Punjabi Radio]]
| Asian radio station aimed at Punjabi speakers
| Unavailable
| Coventry (12D), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), London (12A) and Wolverhampton(11B)
|
|
| 0187
|
|-
| [[Real Radio]]
| 80s, 90s and Today
| FM in North East England, North West England, Central Scotland, South Wales and Yorkshire
| North East England (12C), North West England (12C), Central Scotland (11D), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0146 (South Wales)
|
|-
| [[106.1_Rock_Radio|Rock Radio]]
| Classic rock
| FM in Manchester
| North East England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Sunrise Radio]]
| Asian radio station
| AM in London
| Birmingham (11C), Coventry (12D), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), London (12C) and Wolverhampton (11B)
|
|
| 0133
|
|-
| [[Traffic Radio]]
| Travel News
| 1386 AM - LPAM at [[National Exhibition Centre|NEC]], Birmingham
| '''London:''' London (12C) '''North East: ''' Bradford and Huddersfield (11B), South Yorkshire (11C), Tyne and Wear (11C), Teeside (11B), Leeds (12D), Humberside (11B) '''North West: ''' Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Central Lancashire (12A) '''Midlands: ''' Wolverhampton (11B), Coventry (12D), Leicester (11B), Nottingham (12C), Birmingham (11C) '''South and South East: ''' Reading and Basingstoke (12D), Sussex Coast (11B), Norwich (11B), Kent (11C), South Hampshire (11C), Southend and Chelmsford (12D), Cambridge (11C), Peterborough (12D) ''' South West: ''' Swindon (11C), Wiltshire (12D), Bristol and Bath (11B), Bournemouth (11B), Exeter and Torbay (11C), Cornwall (11B)
|
|
|
|-
| [[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB Gospel]]
| Christian radio station
| Unavailable
| London (12A), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0135
|
|-
| [[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB Inspirational]]
| Christian radio station
| Unavailable
| London (12A), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), Stoke-on-Trent (12D), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0136
|
|-
| [[Xfm|XFM]]
| Indie & Rock
| FM in London and Manchester
| '''XFM London: ''' London (12C) 
'''XFM Manchester: ''' Manchester (11C), Central Lancashire (12A) and Liverpool (11B) 
'''XFM UK: ''' Digital version of XFM London available on Birmingham (11C), Bournemouth (11B), Cambridge (11C), Cornwall (11B), Coventry (12D), Exeter/Torbay (11C), Kent (11C), Leicester (11B), Norwich (11B), Nottingham (12C), Peterborough (12D), Plymouth (12A), Reading & Basingstoke (12D), Central Scotland (11D), Southend/Chelmsford (12D), South Hampshire (11C), South Wales & Severn Estuary (12C), Sussex (11B), Swindon (11C), Teeside (11B), Tyne & Wear (11C), Wolverhampton (11B) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
| 723
| 0111
| 965
|}

''See also the analogue Magic and Gold networks in the listings below.''

== Local and regional stations ==
''Local radio stations from the BBC, in England.''
=== BBC Local Radio ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! FM Frequencies
! MW Frequencies
! DAB Channels*
|-
| [[BBC Radio Berkshire]]
| Berkshire and North Hampshire
| 104.1 (West Berkshire and North Hampshire), 104.4 (Reading & Wokingham), 95.4 (East Berkshire), 94.6 (Henley & Maidenhead)
|
| 12D
|-
| [[BBC Radio Bristol]]
| Bristol, Bath, South Gloucestershire & North Somerset
| 94.9, 104.6
| 1548
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cambridgeshire]]
| Cambridgeshire
| 95.7 (North), 96.0 (South)
| 1026 (South)
| 11C (Cambridge) 12D (Peterborough)
|-
| [[BBC Tees]] (formerly BBC Radio Cleveland)
| Teesside, County Durham and Northern North Yorkshire -
| 95.0, 95.8
|
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cornwall]]
| Cornwall and Scilly
| 95.2, 96.0, 103.9
| 630, 657
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Coventry and Warwickshire]]
| Coventry & Warwickshire
| 94.8 (Coventry), 103.7 (Warwickshire), 104.0 (Nuneaton)
|
| 12D
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cumbria]]
| Cumbria
| 95.6, 96.1, 95.2, 104.1, 104.2
| 756, 837, 1458
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Derby]]
| Derbyshire and East Staffordshire
| 104.5 (Derby and East Staffs), 95.3 (Matlock & Bakewell), 96.0 (Buxton), 94.7 (Chesterfield)
| 1116
| ''10B''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Devon]]
| Devon
| 103.4 (Countywide), 94.8 (North Devon), 95.7 (Plymouth), 95.8 (Exeter), 96.0 (Okehampton), 104.3 (South Devon)
| 801, 990, 855, 1458
| 11C (Exeter and Torbay) 12A (Plymouth)
|-
| [[BBC Essex]]
| Essex
| 95.3 (South Essex), 103.5 (North Essex)
| 729, 765, 1530
| 12D (Southend and Chelmsford)
|-
| [[BBC Radio Gloucestershire]]
| Gloucestershire
| 104.7, 95.0 (Stroud), 95.8 (Cirencester)
| 1413
| ''10C''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Guernsey]]
| Guernsey
| 93.2, 99.0
| 1116
|
|-
| [[BBC Hereford and Worcester]]
| Herefordshire and Worcestershire
| 94.7 (Herefordshire), 104.0 (Worcestershire), 104.4 (Redditch), 104.6 (Kidderminster & Wyre Forest)
| 738, 1584
| ''10B''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Humberside]]
| East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire
| 95.9
| 1485
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Jersey]]
| Jersey
| 88.8
| 1026
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Kent]]
| Kent
| 96.7 (West Kent), 97.6 (Folkestone), 104.2 (East Kent)
| 774, 1602
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Lancashire]]
| Lancashire
| 95.5 (East Lancs), 103.9 (Central Lancs and [[Fylde peninsula|the Fylde]]), 104.5 (North Lancs)
| 855 (Preston), 1557 (Lancaster)
| 12A
|-
| [[BBC Radio Leeds]]
| West Yorkshire
| 92.4, 95.3 (North Leeds), 102.7 (Keighley), 103.9 (Beecroft Hill, in Bramley)
| 774
| 12D (Leeds) 11B (Bradford and Huddersfield)
|-
| [[BBC Radio Leicester]]
| Leicestershire and Rutland
| 104.9
|
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Lincolnshire]]
| Lincolnshire
| 94.9, 104.9 (Grantham)
| 1386
| ''10D''
|-
| [[BBC London 94.9]]
| Greater London
| 94.9
|
| 12A
|-
| [[BBC Radio Manchester]]
| Greater Manchester & North Cheshire
| 95.1, 104.6 (Oldham & Tameside)
|
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Merseyside]]
| Liverpool, the Wirral & West Cheshire
| 95.8
| 1485
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Newcastle]]
| Tyneside, Wearside, Northumberland
| 95.4, 96.0, 103.7, 104.4
| 1458
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Norfolk]]
| Norfolk
| 95.1 (East), 95.6 (North), 104.4 (West)
| 855, 873
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Northampton]]
| Northamptonshire
| 104.2, 103.6 (Corby)
|
| ''10C''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Nottingham]]
| Nottinghamshire
| 95.1 (Newark-on-Trent), 95.5 (Mansfield), 103.8 (Nottingham)
| 1584 (Mansfield)
| 12C
|-
| [[BBC Oxford]]
| Oxfordshire
| 95.2
|
| ''10B''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Sheffield]]
| South Yorkshire & North Midlands
| 104.1, 88.6 (Sheffield), 94.7 (Chesterfield)
| 1035
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Shropshire]]
| Shropshire
| 96.0, 95.0 (Ludlow), 90.9 (Church Stretton), 104.1 (Clun)
|
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Solent]]
| Hampshire and Isle of Wight
| 96.1
| 999
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Solent|BBC Solent for Dorset]]
| Dorset
| 103.8
| 1359
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Somerset]]
| Somerset
| 95.5
| 1566
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Stoke]]
| Mid - North Staffordshire and South Cheshire
| 94.6 (North Staffordshire & South Cheshire), 104.1 (Stafford)
| 1503
| 12D
|-
| [[BBC Radio Suffolk]]
| Suffolk
| 95.9, 103.9 (South East), 104.6 (North West), 95.5 (Lowestoft)
|
| ''5A''
|-
| [[BBC Surrey]]
| Surrey and North-East Hampshire
| 104.0 (East Surrey), 104.6 (West Surrey)
| 1368
| ''10C Guildford'' ''10B Reigate and Crawley''
|-
| [[BBC Sussex]]
| East Sussex, West Sussex
| 95.0 (Newhaven), 95.1 (Horsham), 95.3 (Brighton), 104.5 (East Sussex), 104.8 (West Sussex)
| 1161 (East Sussex), 1485 (Brighton)
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Three Counties Radio]]
| Herts, Beds and Bucks
| 104.5 (North Bucks), 95.5 (North Beds & North Herts), 103.8 (South Beds, Mid Bucks, West Herts), 98.0 (High Wycombe), 94.7 (Aylesbury), 90.4 (Hertford), 92.1 (Hemel Hempstead)
| 630 (Luton), 1161 (Bedfordshire)
| ''10D''
|-
| [[BBC WM]]
| Birmingham, West Midlands & South Staffordshire
| 95.6
|
| 11B (Black County and Shrops) 11C (Birmingham)
|-
| [[BBC Wiltshire]]
| Wiltshire
| 103.6 (Swindon), 103.5 (South Wilts), 104.3 (West Wilts), 104.9 (Marlborough)
| 1332 (West Wilts), 1368 (Swindon)
| 12D (Wiltshire) 11C (Swindon)
|-
| [[BBC Radio York]]
| North Yorkshire
| 95.5 (Scarborough), 103.7 (North Yorkshire)and 104.3 (Northallerton)
| 666 (York), 1260 (Scarborough)
| ''10C York'' ''12D Scarborough''
|}
* DAB Channels listed in ''italic'' are not yet on air, and are unlikely to be so until 2008-2009 at the earliest.

=== BBC Regional Radio ===
''BBC radio stations serving Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are known as BBC Regional Radio''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Language
! Area
! FM Frequencies
! AM Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Freesat
|-
| [[BBC Radio Foyle]]
| English
| Derry
| 93.1
| 792
| 12D (Northern Ireland)
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Ulster]]
| English
| Northern Ireland
| 92.4 - 94.6
| 1341
| 12D
| 716
|-
| [[BBC Radio Scotland]]
| English
| Scotland
| 92.4 - 94.6
| 810, 585 (Dumfries opt out)
| 11C (West Central) 12D (East Central) 11B (Inverness) 11C (Aberdeen) 11B (Ayr) 11B (Perth and Dundee)
| 712
|-
| [[BBC Radio Orkney|BBC Radio Scotland - Orkney]]
| English
| Orkney Islands
| 93.7
|
|
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Shetland|BBC Radio Scotland - Shetland]]
| English
| Shetland Isles
| 92.7
|
|
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio nan Gàidheal]]
| Scottish Gaelic
| Scotland
| 103.5 - 104.9
| 990
| 11D (Central) 11B (Inverness) 11C (Aberdeen) 11B (Ayr) 11B (Perth and Dundee)
| 713
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cymru]]
| Welsh
| Wales
| 92.4 - 94.6, 103.5 - 104.9
|
| 11C (Cardiff & Newport) 12A (Swansea) ''10D (Wrexham & Chester)'' ''12D (Pembrokeshire)''
| 715
|-
| [[BBC Radio Wales]]
| English
| Wales
| 93.9 - 95.9, 103.7, 103.9
| 657, 882 (main), 1125
| 11C (Cardiff & Newport) 12A (Swansea) ''10D (Wrexham & Chester)'' ''12D (Pembrokeshire)''
| 714
|}

=== Local Commercial Radio ===

(The 'name' of a local station is often ambiguous as, for example, the station known locally as 'Q103' is variously known as 'Q103 FM' or 'Cambridge's Q103' 'Cambridge's Q103 FM'. Where possible the naming used in the [[Commercial broadcasting|Commercial Radio]] Companies Association has been followed. Also, many local stations in fact now broadcast all over the UK via their [[internet]] [[web sites]].)

''Stations listed in italic have not yet commenced broadcasts''

===== England =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
|-
|[[A Plus]]
|[[Leicestershire]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[96.3 Radio Aire]]
|[[Leeds]]
|96.3 FM
|12D
|-
|[[Andover Sound]]
|[[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]]
|106.4 FM
|
|-
|[[107.8 Arrow FM]]
|[[Hastings]] and [[Bexhill-on-Sea|Bexhill]]
|107.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Ashbourne Radio]]
|[[Ashbourne, Derbyshire|Ashbourne]]
|96.7 FM, 101.8 (Wirksworth)
|
|-
|[[Asian FX]]
|[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|DAB only
|12A
|-
|[[Asian Sound]]
|East [[Lancashire]] and [[Greater Manchester]]
|963 AM (East Lancashire), 1377 (Manchester)
|11C (Manchester)
|-
|[[Atlantic FM]]
|[[Cornwall]]
|105.1 FM (East), 107.0 (West)
|
|-
|[[Touch FM (Banbury)|Banbury Sound]]
|[[Banbury]]
|107.6 FM
|
|-
|[[The Bay (radio station)|The Bay]]
|[[Morecambe Bay]]
|96.9 FM, 102.3 (Windermere), 103.2 (Kendal)
|
|-
|[[The Beach (radio station)|The Beach]]
|[[Great Yarmouth]] and [[Lowestoft]]
|103.4 FM (Lowestoft), 97.4 (Great Yarmouth)
|11B (Norwich)
|-
|[[Beacon Radio|Beacon]]
|[[Wolverhampton]], [[Shrewsbury]] and [[Telford]]
|97.2 FM (Black Country), 103.1 (Shropshire)
|11B
|-
|[[The Bee (radio station)|107 The Bee]]
|[[Blackburn]]
|107.0 FM
|
|-
|[[The Breeze 107]]
|[[South Hampshire]]
|107.8 FM (Southampton), 107.4 (Portsmouth), 107.2 (Winchester)
|11C
|-
|[[Bright 106.4 FM|Bright FM]]
|[[Burgess Hill]], [[Haywards Heath]], and [[Lewes]]
|106.4 FM, 106.8 (Lewes)
|
|-
|[[BRMB]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|96.4 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Buzz Asia]]
|[[London]]
|963 AM (London), 972 (West London) - formerly Club Asia
|
|-
|[[95.8 Capital FM]]
|London
|95.8 FM
|12C Also Sky Digital 0109, Freesat 719 and Virgin Media 958
|-
|[[Central Radio (Preston)|106.5 Central Radio]]
|[[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]], [[Leyland]] and [[Chorley]]
|106.5 FM
|
|-
|[[CFM Radio|CFM]]
|[[Cumbria]] and South West Scotland
|96.4 FM (Carlisle), 102.5 (Penrith), 102.2 (Workington), 103.4 (Whitehaven)
|
|-
|[[Chelmsford Radio]]
|[[Chelmsford]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Choice FM London|Choice FM]]
|[[London]]
|96.9 FM (South London), 107.1 (North London)
|11B Also Sky Digital 0144, Freesat 720 and Virgin Media 969
|-
|[[City Talk 105.9]]
|[[Merseyside]]
|105.9 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Radio City (Liverpool radio station)|Radio City 96.7]]
|[[Merseyside]]
|96.7 FM
|11B
|-
|[[The Coast (radio station)|The Coast]]
|[[Southern England|South Coast]]
|106.0 FM (Southampton, Portsmouth and Isle of Wight), 106.6 (Winchester), 106.6 (Bournemouth and Poole)
| 11C (South Hampshire), 11B (Bournemouth)
|-
|[[Colourful Radio]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Compass FM]]
|[[Grimsby]]
|96.4 FM
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Connect FM]]
|[[Connect 97.2 & 107.4|Kettering]]
|107.4 FM (Kettering), 97.2 (Wellingborough)
|
|-
|[[Lite FM 106.8|Peterborough]]
|106.8 FM - formerly Lite FM
|
|-
|[[County Sound Radio (1566 AM)|County Sound Radio]]
|[[Guildford]]
|1566 AM
|
|-
|[[Dearne FM]]
|[[Barnsley]]
|102.0 FM, 97.1 (Penistone)
|
|-
|[[Dee 106.3]]
|[[Chester]]
|106.3 FM
|
|-
|[[Dream 100|Dream 100 FM]]
|[[Tendring]]
|100.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Dune FM]]
|[[Southport]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[96.4 The Eagle|Eagle Radio]]
|[[Guildford]]
|96.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Exeter FM]]
|[[Exeter]]
|107.3 FM
|
|-
|[[Fire 107.6 FM|Fire Radio]]
|[[Bournemouth]]
|107.6 FM
|11B (Bournemouth), 11C (South Hampshire)
|-
|[[French Radio London]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|12A
|-
|[[Fresh Radio]]
|[[Yorkshire Dales]]
|936 AM (Yorkshire Dales), 1413 (Skipton), 1431 (Settle) 102.6 FM (Richmond), 107.1 (Ilkley, Pateley Bridge) 
|
|-
|[[Fun Kids]]
|London
|DAB only 0600-1900
|11B
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[Galaxy Radio|Galaxy]]
|[[Galaxy Birmingham|Birmingham]]
|102.2 FM
|12A (West Midlands)
|-
|[[Galaxy Manchester|Greater Manchester]]
|102.0 FM
|12C (North West)
|-
|[[Galaxy North East|North East England]]
|105.3 FM, 106.4, 105.6 (Newcastle), 105.8 (Hexham)
|12C
|-
|[[Galaxy South Coast|South Coast]]
|103.2 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Galaxy Yorkshire|Yorkshire]]
|105.1 FM, 105.6 (Bradford), 105.6 (Sheffield), 105.8 (Humberside)
|12A
|-
|[[Glide FM]]
|[[Oxford]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Gold (radio)|Gold]]
|[[UK]]
|792 AM (Bedford), 828 (Luton) 828 AM (Bournemouth) 945 AM (Eastbourne), 1323 (Brighton) 1260AM (Bristol) 1251 AM (Bury St Edmunds), 1170 (Ipswich) DAB only (Exeter and Torbay) 774 AM (Gloucestershire) 1458 AM (Manchester) 1242 AM (Medway), 603 (East Kent) 1548 AM (London) 1557 AM (Northamptonshire 1152 AM (Norwich and Great Yarmouth) 945 AM (Derby) 999 AM (Nottingham) 1332 AM (Peterborough) 1152 AM (Plymouth) 1170 AM (Portsmouth), 1557 (Southampton) 1431 AM (Reading), 1485 (Basingstoke and Andover) 1521 AM (Reigate and Crawley) 1359 AM (Chelmsford), 1431 (Southend) 1161 AM (Swindon) 936 AM (West Wiltshire) 
''Gold is a national network with local weather and travel reports on local AM and DAB frequencies
|11B (Bournemouth) 11B (Sussex Coast) 11B (Bristol and Bath) 11C (Exeter and Torbay) 11C (Manchester) 11C (Kent) 12C (London) 11B (Norwich) 12C (Nottingham) and 11B (Leicester) 12D (Peterborough) and 11C (Cambridge) 12A (Plymouth) 11C (South Hampshire) 12D (Reading) 12D (Southend & Chelmsford) 11C (Swindon) 12D (Bath & West Wiltshire) 
''NB Gold closed their AM transmitters in Exeter (666 AM) and Torbay (954 AM) on 31 August 2008 to comply with OFCOM ownership regulations''
|-
|[[Gold (radio)|Gold West Midlands]]
|[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|1152 AM (Birmingham) 990 AM (Black Country), 1017 (Shropshire) 1359 AM (Coventry)
|11C 11B 12D
|-
|[[Hallam FM]]
|[[South Yorkshire]]
|97.4 FM (Sheffield), 102.9 (Barnsley), 103.4 (Doncaster)
|11C
|-
|rowspan="16"| [[Heart Network|Heart]]
|[[Heart Cambridgeshire|Cambridgeshire]]
|97.4 FM (Newmarket & Haverhill), 102.7 (Peterborough), 103.0 (Cambridge)
|11C (Cambridge) 12D (Peterborough)
|-
|[[Heart Devon|Devon]]
|96.2 FM (Barnstaple), 96.4 (Torbay), 96.6 (Tavistock), 97.0 (Plymouth), 97.3 (Ilfracombe), 100.5 (Totnes), 100.8 (Dartmouth), 101.2 (Kingsbridge), 101.9 (Ivybridge)
|11B (Cornwall) 12A (Plymouth)
|-
|[[Heart East Anglia|East Anglia]]
|96.4 FM (Bury St Edmunds), 97.1 (Ipswich), 102.4 (Norwich)
|11B (Norwich)
|-
|[[Heart East Midlands|East Midlands]]
|106.0 FM
|11B (Leicester) 12C (Nottingham) 
|-
|[[Heart Essex (regional)|Essex]]
|96.1 FM (Colchester), 96.3 (Southend-on-Sea), 97.5 (Southend Town), 101.7 (Harlow, East Herts and West Essex), 102.6 (Chelmsford)
|12D
|-
|[[Heart Gloucestershire|Gloucestershire]]
|102.4 FM, 103.0 (Stroud)
|
|-
|[[Heart Hertfordshire|Hertfordshire]]
|96.6 FM (Watford)
|
|-
|[[Heart Home Counties|Home Counties]]
|96.6 FM (Northampton), 96.9 (Bedford), 97.6 (Herts, Beds and Bucks), 103.3 (Milton Keynes)
|
|-
|[[Heart Kent|Kent]]
|95.9 FM (Thanet), 96.1 (Ashford), 97.0 (Dover), 102.8 (East), 103.1 (Medway)
|11C
|-
|[[Heart London|London]]
|106.2 FM
|12A Also Sky 0111, Freeview 728, Virgin Media 918
|-
|[[Heart West Country|West Country]]
|96.3 FM (Bristol), 96.5 (Taunton), 97.1 (Yeovil), 102.6 (Yeovil and Taunton), 103.0 (Bath), 103.0 (Weston-Super-Mare)
|11B (Bath) 11B (Bristol) 12D (West Wilts)
|-
|[[Heart South Coast|South Coast]]
|96.7 FM (Winchester), 97.5 (Portsmouth), 102.3 (Bournemouth)
|11C (South Hampshire) 11B (Dorset)
|-
|[[Heart Sussex and Surrey|Sussex and Surrey]]
|96.9 & 103.5 FM (Brighton), 97.5 (Horsham), 102.0 (Hastings), 102.4, 102.7 (Reigate and Crawley)
|11B (Sussex Coast)
|-
|[[Heart Thames Valley|Thames Valley]]
|97.0 FM (Reading), 97.4 (Banbury), 102.6 (Oxford), 102.9, 103.4 (Henley On Thames),
|12D (Berkshire)
|-
|[[Heart West Midlands|West Midlands]]
|100.7 FM
|12A
|-
|[[Heart Wiltshire|Wiltshire]]
|96.5 FM, 97.2, 102.2
|11C (Swindon) 12D (West Wilts)
|-
|[[High Peak Radio]]
|[[Peak District]]
|103.3 FM (Whaley Bridge), 103.3 (Hope Valley), 106.4 (Buxton), 106.4 (Glossop), 106.6 (Chapel-en-le-Frith)
|
|-
|[[The Hits Radio|The Hits]]
|[[UK]]
|DTT and DAB only
|12A (London) Also Freeview 711
|-
|[[Imagine FM]]
|South [[Manchester]] and [[Cheshire]]
|104.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Isle of Wight Radio]]
|[[Isle of Wight]]
|107.0 FM, 102.0 (Ryde), 102.0 (Ventnor), 102.0 (Cowes)
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Jack FM]]
|[[106 Jack FM (Bristol)|Bristol]]
|106.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Hertbeat FM|Hertfordshire]]
|106.9 FM (Hertford, Hitchin and Letchworth) 106.7 (Stevenage)
|
|-
|[[106 Jack FM (Oxfordshire)|Oxfordshire]]
|106.8 FM, 106.4 (Bicester)
|
|-
|[[Radio Jackie]]
|[[South West London]] and North [[Surrey]]
|107.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Juice 107.2]]
|[[Brighton]]
|107.2 FM
|11B (Sussex Coast)
|-
|[[107.6 FM Juice Liverpool|Juice FM]]
|[[Liverpool]]
|107.6 FM
|
|-
|[[KCFM (FM)|KCFM]]
|[[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]
|99.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Kerrang! 105.2|Kerrang! Radio]]
|West Midlands
|105.2 FM
|12A Also Freeview 722
|-
|[[Kestrel FM]]
|[[Basingstoke]] and [[North Hampshire|N Hants]], [[East Hampshire|E Hants]], [[South West Surrey|SW Surrey]] and [[North West Sussex|NW Sussex]]
|107.6 FM (Basingstoke), 97.1 (Haslemere), 101.6 (Four Marks), 101.6 (Hindhead), 101.8 (Petersfield), 102.0 (Alton)
|
|-
|[[Key 103 FM]]
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|103.0 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Kismat Radio]]
|London
|1035 AM
|11B Also Sky 0173
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Kiss Network|Kiss]]
|[[Kiss 105-108|East Anglia]]
|106.1 FM (Norwich), 106.4 (Suffolk & Colchester), 105.6 (Cambridge), 107.7 (Peterborough)
|11B (Norwich) 11C (Cambridge) 12D (Peterborough)
|-
|[[Kiss 100 London|London]]
|100.0 FM
|12C Also Freeview 713, Sky 0178
|-
|[[Kiss 101|Severn Estuary]]
|101.0 FM (Severn Estuary), 97.2 (Bristol)
|12C (South Wales and Severn Estuary)
|-
|[[KL.FM 96.7]]
|[[Kings Lynn]]
|96.7 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="7"| [[KMFM (radio network)|KMFM]]
|[[KMFM Ashford|Ashford]]
|107.6 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM Canterbury|Canterbury]]
|106.0 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM Maidstone|Maidstone]]
|105.6 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM Medway|Medway]] Towns
|100.4 FM, 107.9
|
|-
|[[KMFM Shepway and White Cliffs Country|Shepway and Dover]]
|96.4 FM (Shepway), 106.8 (Dover)
|
|-
|[[KMFM Thanet|Thanet]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM West Kent|West Kent]]
|96.2 FM (Tonbridge), 101.6 (Sevenoaks)
|
|-
|[[KMFM Extra]]
|[[Kent]]
|DAB only
|11C
|-
|[[Lakeland Radio]]
|[[South Lakes]]
|100.1 FM (Windemere), 100.8 (Kendal)
|
|-
|[[LBC 97.3]]
|[[London]]
|97.3 FM
|12C Also Sky 0124, Virgin 973
|-
|[[LBC News 1152 AM]]
|[[London]]
|1152 AM
|11B Also Sky 0112, Virgin 919
|-
|[[Leicester Sound]]
|[[Leicestershire]] and [[Rutland]]
|105.4 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Lincs FM]]
|[[Lincolnshire]]
|102.2 FM, 96.7 (Grantham), 97.6 (Scunthorpe)
|11B (Humberside)
|-
|[[London Greek Radio]]
|[[North London]]
|103.3 FM
|
|-
|[[London Turkish Radio]]
|[[North London]]
|1584 AM
|
|-
|[[Magic 105.4]]
|[[London]]
|105.4 FM
|12A Also Freeview 715, Sky 0180
|-
|rowspan="8"| [[Magic Radio|Magic]]
|[[Magic 999|Central Lancashire]]
|999 AM
|12A
|-
|[[Piccadilly Magic 1152|Greater Manchester]]
|1152 AM
|11C
|-
|[[Magic 1161|Humberside]]
|1161 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Magic 828|Leeds]]
|828 AM
|12D
|-
|[[Magic 1548|Merseyside and North Wales]]
|1548 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Magic AM|South Yorkshire & North Midlands]]
|990 AM (Doncaster), 1305 (Barnsley), 1548 (Sheffield and Rotherham)
|11C
|-
|[[Magic 1170|Teesside]], [[North Yorkshire|North Yorks]] and [[County Durham|Co. Durham]]
|1170 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Magic 1152|Tyne and Wear]]
|1152 AM
|11C
|-
|[[Mansfield 103.2 FM]]
|[[Mansfield]]
|103.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Masti Radio]]
|[[Bradford]] and [[Huddersfield]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Mercia FM|Mercia]]
|[[Coventry]] and [[Warwickshire]]
|97.0 FM, 102.9 (Leamington)
|12D
|-
|[[Metro Radio]]
|[[Tyne and Wear]]
|97.1 FM (Newcastle), 102.6 (Alnwick), 103.0 (Fenham), 103.2 (Hexham)
|11C
|-
|[[Midwest Radio (UK)|Midwest Radio]]
|[[Somerset]] and [[Dorset]]
|105.6 FM, 106.6 (Chard and Ilminster), 96.6 (Blandford Forum), 97.4
|
|-
|[[Minster FM]]
|[[York]]
|104.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Mix 96 (Aylesbury)|Mix 96]]
|[[Aylesbury]]
|96.2 FM
|
|-
|[[My Baby Radio]]
|[[North Staffordshire]] and [[Cheshire]]
|DAB only
|12D
|-
|[[Kick FM|Newbury Sound]]
|[[Hungerford]] and [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]]
|105.6 FM (Newbury), 107.4 (Hungerford)
|-
|[[North Norfolk Radio]]
|[[North Norfolk]]
|96.2 FM, 103.2 (Cromer), 103.2 (Wells next-the-Sea)
|
|-
|[[99.9 radio norwich|99.9 Radio Norwich]]
|[[Norwich]]
|99.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Star 107.7|Nova Radio]]
|[[Weston-super-Mare]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Oak FM]]
|[[Oak 107 FM|NW and SW Leicestershire]]
|107.0 FM (Loughborough), 107.9 (Nuneaton)
|''Separate Asian programming (107.0 FM) and country music programming (107.9 FM) broadcast on Sunday evenings''
|-
|[[Palm 105.5]]
|[[Torbay]]
|105.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Panjab Radio]]
|[[London]], [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]] and [[Bradford]] and [[Huddersfield]]
|DAB only
|11B (London), 12A (West Midlands), 11B (Bradford and Huddersfield) Also on Sky 0130
|-
|[[Peak FM (North Derbyshire)|Peak FM]]
|North [[Derbyshire]]
|107.4 FM (Chesterfield), 102.0 (Matlock)
|
|-
|[[Pirate FM 102]]
|[[Cornwall]]
|102.2 FM (East), 102.8 (West)
|11B
|-
|[[Radio Plymouth]]
|[[Plymouth]]
|106.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Polish Radio London]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Premier Christian Radio|Premier Gospel]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Premier Christian Radio|Premier Radio]]
|[[London]]
|1332 AM (Central London), 1305 (North and South London), 1413 (East and West London)
|Also on Digital One DAB, Sky 0123 and Freeview 725
|-
|[[The Pulse of West Yorkshire]]
|[[Bradford]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], and [[Huddersfield]]
|97.5 FM (Bradford), 102.5 (Halifax and Huddersfield)
|11B
|-
|[[Pulse Two]]
|[[Bradford]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]] and [[Huddersfield]]
|1278 AM (Bradford), 1530 (Halifax and Huddersfield)
|11B
|-
|[[Q Radio]]
|[[UK]]
|DTT only
|Freeview 716
|-
|[[Rainbow Radio]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B (London) Also Sky 0207
|-
|[[RAM FM]]
|[[Derby]]
|102.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Reading 107 FM]]
|[[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]
|107.0 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Real Radio]]
|[[100-102 Century FM|North East England]]
|100.7 FM (Teeside), 101.8 (Newcastle), 96.4 (Hexham), 96.2 (Fenham)
|12C
|-
|[[Real Radio (Yorkshire)|Yorkshire]]
|106.2 FM (South West Yorkshire), 107.6 (Bradford), 107.7 (Sheffield)
|12A
|-
|[[Real Radio (North West)|North West England]]
|105.4 FM
|12C
|-
|[[The Revolution (radio station)|The Revolution]]
|[[Oldham]]
|96.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Ridings FM]]
|[[Wakefield]]
|106.8 FM
|12D (Leeds)
|-
|[[97.4 Rock FM]]
|[[Central Lancashire]]
|97.4 FM
|12A
|-
|[[106.1 Rock Radio]]
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|106.1 FM
|12C (North East)
|-
|[[Rother FM]]
|[[Rotherham]]
|96.1 FM
|
|-
|[[107.1 Rugby FM]]
|[[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]]
|107.1 FM
|
|-
|[[Rutland Radio]]
|[[Rutland]]
|107.2 FM, 97.4 (Stamford)
|
|-
|[[Sabras Sound]]
|[[Leicester]]
|1260 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Sanjhi Awaz Radio]]
|[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|DAB only
|12A
|-
|[[The Severn]]
|[[Shropshire]]
|106.5 FM (Shrewsbury), 107.1 (North Shropshire), 107.4 (Telford and Wrekin)
|
|-
|[[Signal 1]]
|[[North Staffordshire]] and [[Cheshire]]
|102.6 FM, 96.9 (Stafford), 96.4 (Cheshire)
|12D
|-
|[[Signal 2]]
|[[North Staffordshire]] and [[Cheshire]]
|1170 AM
|12D
|-
|[[106.9 Silk FM]]
|[[Macclesfield]]
|106.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Smash Hits Radio]]
|[[UK]]
|DTT only
|Freeview 712
|-
|[[Smooth Radio|Smooth Radio UK]]
|[[UK]] ''Regional news, weather and travel reports broadcast on FM and regional DAB multiplexes in West Midlands, East Midlands, North East England and North West England''
|102.2 FM (London) 105.7 (West Midlands) 106.6 (East Midlands), 101.4 (Derby) 100.4 (North West England) 97.5 (North East England), 101.2 (Hexham), 107.5 (Newcastle), 107.7 (Teeside)
| 12A (West Midlands) 12C (Nottingham) 12C (North West England) 12C (North East England Also Sky 0128, Virgin Media 916, Freeview 718
|-
|[[Southend Radio]]
|[[Southend]]
|105.1 FM
|
|-
|[[Sovereign Radio|Sovereign FM]]
|[[Eastbourne]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Spectrum Radio]]
|Spectrum Radio (AM)
|AM 558 (London)
|
|-
|Spectrum Radio (DAB)
|DAB (London)
|12A
|-
|Spectrum Radio (SKY)
|Sky Digital
|Sky 0185
|-
|[[Spire FM]]
|[[Salisbury]]
|102.0 FM
|
|-
|[[Spirit FM]]
|[[West Sussex]]
|96.6 FM (Chichester), 102.3 (Littlehampton), 106.6 (Midhurst),
|
|-
|[[Splash FM]]
|[[Worthing]], [[West Sussex]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Star 107.2]]
|[[Bristol]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Star Radio (Cambridge and Ely)|Star Radio 107.9/1]]
|[[Cambridge]] and [[Ely, Cambridgeshire|Ely]]
|107.9 FM (Cambridge), 107.1 (Ely)
|
|-
|[[Star Radio North East]]
|[[Durham]] and [[North Yorkshire]]
|103.2 FM (Darlington), 102.8 (Burnhope), 106.8 (Brusselton), 103.5 (Northallerton), 102.3 (Thirsk)
|
|-
|[[97.2 Stray FM]]
|[[Harrogate]]
|97.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Sun FM]]
|[[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
|103.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Sunrise FM|Sunrise Radio Yorkshire]]
|[[Bradford]]
|103.2 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Sunrise Radio]]
|London
|1458 AM
|12C Also Sky 0133
|-
|[[Sunshine 855|Sunshine Radio (AM)]]
|[[Ludlow]]
|855 AM

|[[Swindon 105.5|Community Radio Swindon]]
|Swindon, Wiltshire
|105.5
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Sunshine Radio|Sunshine Radio (FM)]]
|[[Sunshine Radio (Herefordshire)|Herefordshire]]
|106.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Sunshine Radio (Monmouthshire)|Monmouthshire]]
|107.0 FM (Monmouth), 107.8 (Abergavenny)
|
|-
|[[TFM Radio]]
|[[Teesside]]
|96.6 FM
|11B
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Time FM]]
|[[Time 107.5|Havering]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Time 106.6|Slough]]
|106.6 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[TotalStar]]
|[[TotalStar Bath|Bath]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar 107.5|Cheltenham]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar Swindon|Swindon]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar Warminster|Warminster]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar Somerset|Somerset]]
|102.4 FM (West Somerset), 100.8 (Porlock), 107.4 (Bridgwater)
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Touch FM]]
|[[Touch FM (Coventry)|Coventry]]
|96.2 FM
|12D
|-
|[[Touch FM (Staffs)|South East Staffordshire]]
|101.6 FM (Tamworth), 102.4 (Burton-upon-Trent)
|
|-
|[[Touch FM (Stratford)|Warwickshire]]
|102.0 FM, 107.3 (Warwick)
|
|-
|[[Tower FM]]
|[[Bolton]] and [[Bury]]
|107.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Town FM]]
|Ipswich
|102.0 FM
|
|-
|[[Trans World Radio]]
|[[North West England]]
|DAB only
|12C Also Sky 0138, Freesat 790
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Trax FM]]
|[[Doncaster]]
|107.1 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Bassetlaw]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[96 Trent FM]]
|[[Nottingham]] and [[Mansfield]]
|96.2 FM, 96.5 (Mansfield)
|
|-
|[[2BR]]
|[[Burnley]]
|99.8 FM
|
|-
|[[96.9 Viking FM]]
|[[Humberside]]
|96.9 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Radio Wave 96.5]]
|[[Blackpool]] and [[Fylde peninsula|the Fylde]]
|96.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Wave 105]]
|[[Solent]] and [[Isle of Wight]]
|105.2 FM, 105.8 (Poole)
|11B (Bournemouth) 11C (South Hampshire)
|-
|[[Wessex FM]]
|[[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]] and [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]]
|96.0 FM (Bridpoint), 97.2
|
|-
|[[107.2 Wire FM]]
|[[Warrington]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Wish FM]]
|[[Wigan]] and [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]]
|102.4 FM
|
|-
|[[107.7 The Wolf]]
|[[Wolverhampton]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[The Wyre]]
|[[Kidderminster]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Wyvern FM]]
|[[Herefordshire]] and [[Worcestershire]]
|96.7 FM (Kidderminster), 97.6 (Hereford), 102.8 (Worcester)
|
|-
|[[Xfm London]]
|London
|104.9 FM
|12C
|-
|[[Xfm Manchester]]
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|97.7 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Radio XL]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|1296 AM
|11C
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]]
|[[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] and [[Whitby]]
|96.2 FM, 103.1 (Whitby)
|
|-
|[[Bridlington]]
|102.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Yorkshire Radio]]
|Yorkshire
|DAB only
|12A Also Sky 0209
|}

===== Former English stations =====

This list details radio stations which have lost their licence to broadcast or have closed down due to financial reasons

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Notes
|-
|Airport Information Radio
|[[Heathrow Airport]] and [[Gatwick Airport]]
|1584 AM
|
|Both stations closed in June 1991 after just one year on air
|-
|[[Abbey FM]]
|[[Barrow in Furness]]
|107.3 FM
|
|Station put into administration on 30 January 2009
|-
|[[Buzz FM]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|102.4 FM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Galaxy Birmingham|Choice FM 102.2]] on 1 January 1995
|-
|[[Centre Radio]]
|[[Leicestershire]]
|97.1 FM and 1260 AM
|
|Ceased trading and closed on 6 October 1983
|-
|[[Channel Travel Radio]]
|[[Kent]] channel ports
|107.6 FM
|
|Licence returned to the Radio Authority on 28 September 2000
|-
|[[Devonair Radio]]
|[[Exeter]] and [[Torquay]]
|666/954 AM and 97.0/96.4 FM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Gemini Radio]] on 1 January 1995
|-
|[[Fen Radio 107.5]]
|[[Wisbech]]
|107.5 FM
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 31 July 2008
|-
|[[Liberty Radio]]
|[[London]]
|963/972 AM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Club Asia]] on 3 July 2003
|-
|[[Mersey 106.7]]
|[[Liverpool]]
|106.7 FM
|
|Licence revoked by Ofcom on 1 April 2009
|-
|[[Mix 107]]
|[[High Wycombe]]
|107.4 FM, 107.7
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 1 July 2009
|-
|[[Pennine FM]]
|[[Huddersfield]]
|107.9 FM
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 5 April 2010
|-
|[[Radio Victory]]
|[[Portsmouth]]
|95.0 FM and 1170 AM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Ocean Sound]] on 28 June 1986
|-
|[[Star 107.9]]
|[[Stroud]]
|107.9 FM
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 29 September 2006
|-
|[[Sunset Radio]]
|[[Manchester]]
|102.0 FM
|
|Station went into liquidation in October 1993
|-
|[[Sunrise Radio|Sunrise Radio East Midlands]]
|[[Leicestershire]]
|1260 AM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Sabras Radio]] on 7 September 1995
|-
|[[Sunshine 1530]]
|[[Worcestershire]]
|1530 AM
|
|Closed on 6 April 2010 following problem with transfer of broadcast licence
|-
|[[Time 107.3|South 107.3]]
|[[Lewisham]]
|107.3 FM
|
|Closed down on 3 April 2009
|-
|[[Time 106.8]]
|[[Thamesmead]]
|106.8 FM
|
|Closed down on 3 April 2009
|-
|}

===== Northern Ireland =====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Freeview
|-
| [[Belfast CityBeat|CityBeat]]
| Belfast
| 96.7 FM (Greater Belfast) 102.5 (North Down and Ards)
| 12D
|
|-
| [[Cool FM]]
| Belfast
| 97.4 FM
| 12D
|
|-
| [[Downtown Radio]]
| Northern Ireland
| 1026 AM (Belfast) 96.4 FM (Limavady), 96.6 (Omagh and Enniskillen), 97.1 (Larne), 102.3 (Ballymena), 102.4 (Derry), 103.1 (South Newry),103.4 (Newcastle)
| 12D
|
|-
|-
| [[Five FM]]
| [[Newry]] and [[Mourne]]
| 100.5 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Q97.2|Q97.2 FM]]
| [[Coleraine]]
| 97.2 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Q101.2|Q101 West]]
| [[Omagh]] and [[Enniskillen]]
| 101.2 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Q102.9|Q102.9 FM]]
| [[Derry]]
| 102.9 FM
| 12D
|
|-
| [[Seven FM]]
| [[Ballymena]]
| 107.0 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Six FM]]
| [[Cookstown]]
| 106.0 FM, 107.2 (Dungannon)
|
|
|-
| [[U105]]
| Belfast
| 105.8 FM
|
| 726 (Northern Ireland, 0925 to 0600)
|}

===== Former Northern Irish stations =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Notes
|-
|[[Goldbeat|Goldbeat 828]]
|[[Cookstown]]
|828 AM
|
| Ceased broadcasting on 22 May 1999 and Radio Authority revoked the licence
|-
|[[Heartbeat 1521]]
|[[Craigavon]]
|1521 AM
|
| Ceased broadcasting on 22 May 1999 and Radio Authority revoked the licence
|-
|}

===== Scotland =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
|-
| [[Argyll FM]]
| [[Kintyre]], [[Mid Argyll]], [[Islay]] and [[Jura, Scotland|Jura]]
| 106.5 FM ([[Campbeltown]]), 107.1 (Islay and Jura) and 107.7 (South [[Knapdale]])
|
|-
| [[Radio Borders]]
| [[Scottish Borders|Borders]]
| 96.8 FM ([[Selkirk, Scottish Borders|Selkirk]]), 102.3 ([[Berwick-Upon-Tweed]]), 103.1 ([[Peebles]]) and 103.4 ([[Eyemouth]])
|
|-
| [[Central 103.1 FM]]
| [[Falkirk]], [[Stirling]]
| 103.1 FM
|
|-
| [[Clyde 1]]
| [[Glasgow]] and West Central Scotland
| 102.5 FM, 97.0 ([[Vale of Leven]]), 102.3 ([[Rothesay, Argyll and Bute|Rothesay]]), 103.3 ([[Firth of Clyde]])
| 11C
|-
| [[Clyde 2]]
| [[Glasgow]] and West Central Scotland
| 1152 AM
| 11C
|-
| [[Cuillin FM]]
| [[Isle of Skye|Skye]] & [[Lochalsh]]
| 102.7 FM (Skriaig), 106.2 ([[Portree]])
|-
| [[Forth One]]
| East Central Scotland
| 97.3 FM, 97.6, 102.2 (Penicuik)
| 12D
|-
| [[Forth two|Forth Two]]
| East Central Scotland
| 1548 AM
| 12D
|-
| [[Galaxy Scotland|Galaxy]]
| Central Scotland
| 105.7 FM (East), 106.1 (West)
| 11D
|-
| [[Heartland FM]]
| [[Pitlochry]] and [[Aberfeldy, Scotland|Aberfeldy]]
| 97.5 FM
| 11B (1400-1800 Mon-Thu, 1400-0000 Fri, 1730-0000 Sat, 0800-1230 Sun)
|-
| [[Isles FM]]
| [[Isle of Lewis]]
| 103.0 FM
|
|-
| [[Kingdom FM]]
| [[Fife]]
| 105.4 FM (St Andrews), 106.3 (The East Neuk), 95.2 (West Fife), 96.1 (Central & East Fife), 96.6 (Kirkcaldy)
|
|-
| [[Lochbroom FM]]
| [[Ullapool]]
| 102.2 FM (Ullapool), 96.8 (North West Scotland)
|
|-
| [[Moray Firth Radio|MFR]]
| [[Inverness]] and North East Scotland
| 97.4 FM (Inverness) 96.6 FM (Speyside) 96.7 (Fraserburgh) - Broadcasts as [[Kinnaird Radio]] from 1900-0000 102.5 (Caithness) - Broadcasts as [[Caithness FM]] from 1900-0000 102.8 (Keith) - Broadcasts as [[Keith Community Radio]] from 1900-0000
| 11B (MFR 97.4)
|-
| [[Moray Firth Radio|MFR 1107AM]]
| [[Inverness]] and North East Scotland
| 1107 AM ''Relays the above FM broadcast during the day, but offers alternative programming in the evening''
|
|-
| [[NECR]]
| [[Aberdeenshire]]
| 102.1 FM (Inverurie), 103.2 (Colpy), 97.1 (Turriff) 102.6 (Kildrummy), 106.4 (Strathdon), 97.1 (Braemar), 101.9 (Ballater)
| 11C
|-
| [[Nevis Radio]]
| [[Fort William, Scotland|Fort William]] and [[Lochaber]]
| 96.6 FM (Fort William), 102.3 (Skye and Mallaig), 102.4 (Loch Leven), 97.0 (Glencoe)
|
|-
| [[NorthSound One]]
| [[Aberdeen and North East Scotland]]
| 96.9 FM, 97.6, 103.0 (Peterhead)
| 11C
|-
| [[NorthSound Two]]
| [[Aberdeen and North East Scotland]]
| 1035 AM
| 11C
|-
| [[Oban FM]]
| [[Oban]]
| 103.3 FM ''Relays [[Clyde 2]] as a sustaining service''
|
|-
| [[Original 106 (Aberdeen)]]
| [[Aberdeen]] and North East Scotland
| 106.8 FM (North Aberdeen), 106.3 (Aberdeen City)
|
|-
| [[Perth FM]]
| [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]
| 106.6 FM
|
|-
| [[Real Radio (Scotland)|Real Radio]]
| Central Scotland
| 100.3 FM (Glasgow), 103.3 (Edinburgh), 101.1 (Rosneath)
| 11D
|-
| [[RNA FM]]
| [[Arbroath]]
| 96.6 FM, 87.7 (Brechin Infirmary)
| 11B (0730-1200 Mon-Fri, 0730-1730 Sat, 1230-1800 Sun)
|-
| [[96.3 Rock Radio]]
| [[Paisley]]
| 96.3 FM
| 11C (Glasgow) 12D (Edinburgh)
|-
| [[SIBC]]
| [[Shetland]]
| 102.2 FM, 96.2 (Bressay)
|
|-
| [[105.2 Smooth Radio]]
| [[Central Belt|Central Scotland]]
| 105.2 FM
| 11D
|-
| [[Tay FM]]
| [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] and [[Dundee]]
| 96.4 FM (Perth), 102.8 (Dundee)
| 11B
|-
| [[Tay AM]]
| [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] and [[Dundee]]
| 1584 AM (Perth), 1161 (Dundee)
| 11B
|-
| [[Two Lochs Radio]]
| [[Gairloch]] and Loch Ewe
| 106.0 FM (Gairloch), 106.6 (Loch Ewe) ''Relays [[105.2 Smooth Radio|Smooth Radio]] and [[Magic 105.4]] as a sustaining service''
|
|-
| [[Wave 102 FM]]
| [[Dundee]]
| 102.0 FM
|
|-
| [[Waves Radio]]
| [[Peterhead]] and [[Fraserburgh]]
| 101.2 FM
| 11C
|-
| [[West FM]]
| [[Ayrshire]]
| 96.7 FM, 97.5 (Girvan), 106.7 (Rothesay)
| 11B
|-
| [[West Sound]]
| [[Ayrshire]]
| 1035 AM
| 11B
|-
| [[South West Sound FM|West Sound FM]]
| [[Dumfries and Galloway]]
| 96.5 FM (Stranraer), 97.0 (Dumfries), 103.0 (Kirkcudbright)
|-
| [[YOURradio]]
| West [[Dumbartonshire]], [[Helensbrugh]], [[Lomand]] and [[Inverclyde]]
| 103.0 FM (Dumbarton), 106.9 (Helensbrugh, Lomand and Inverclyde)
|
|-
|}

===== Former Scottish stations =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Notes
|-
|[[River FM]]
|[[Livingston]]
|FM 103.4, 107.7
|
|Station closed on 29 September 2006 and licence returned to Ofcom
|-
| [[talk 107]]
| [[Edinburgh]]
| 107.0 FM
| 11D (Central Scotland)
| Station closed on 23 December 2008 and licence returned to Ofcom
|-
| [[L107]]
| [[Lanarkshire]]
| 107.9 FM, 107.5 (Cumbernauld)
|
| Station closed on 11 November 2010 and licence returned to Ofcom
|}

===== Wales =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Format
|-
| [[102.1 Bay Radio|Bay Radio]]
| [[Swansea]]
| 102.1 FM
|
| easy listening, adult orientated
|-
| [[106.3 Bridge FM|Bridge FM]]
| [[Bridgend]] and [[Vale of Glamorgan]]
| 106.3 FM
|
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Radio Carmarthenshire]]
| [[Carmarthenshire]]
| 97.1 FM, 97.5 (Carmarthen)
|
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Radio Ceredigion]]
| [[Ceredigion]]
| 103.3 FM (Aberystwyth), 96.6 (South East Ceredigion), 97.4 (Cardigan)
|
| adult contemporary
|-
|[[Gold Radio|Gold (Wales)]]
| [[Wales]]
| 1359 AM (Cardiff), 1305 (Newport) 1260 AM (Wrexham)
| 11C ---
| classic hits
|-
| [[Heart Cymru]]
| [[Anglesey and Gwynedd]]
| 103.0 FM (North Wales' coast)
|
| adult contemporary, female orientated
|-
| [[Heart North West and Wales]]
| [[North Wales' Coast, Wrexham and Chester]]
| 96.3 FM (North Wales' coast), 97.1 (Wirral), 103.4 (Wrexham)
|
| adult contemporary, female orientated
|-
| [[Radio Maldwyn]]
| Mid Wales
| 756 AM
|
|
|-
| [[Nation Radio]]
| [[South Wales]]
| 106.8 FM (South East Wales), 107.3 (South West Wales)
| 12C
| modern rock
|-
| [[Radio Pembrokeshire]]
| [[Pembrokeshire]]
| 102.5 FM, 107.5 (Fishguard and Tenby)
|
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Real Radio (South Wales)|Real Radio]]
| [[South Wales]]
| 105.2 FM (Carmarthenshire and Abergavenny), 105.4 (Cardiff), 105.6 (Aberdare), 105.7 (Pembrokeshire), 105.9 (Newport), 106.0 (Swansea and Carmarthen), 106.1 (Ebbw Vale), 106.2 (Fishguard)
| 12C Also Sky 0146
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Red Dragon FM]]
| [[Cardiff]] and [[Newport]]
| 103.2 FM (Cardiff), 97.4 (Newport)
| 11C
| chart and contemporary
|-
| [[97.5 Scarlet FM|Scarlet FM]]
| [[Llanelli]]
| 97.5 FM
|
| adult contemporary
|-
|[[Sunshine Radio]]
|[[Monmouthshire]]
|See England listings for full details
|
|
|-
| [[Swansea Sound]]
| [[Swansea]]
| 1170 AM
| 12A
| classic hits, soft AC
|-
| [[The Wave 96.4 FM|The Wave]]
| [[Swansea]]
| 96.4 FM
| 12A
| chart and contemporary
|}

===== Former Welsh stations =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Format
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
|-
| [[Valleys Radio]]
| [[South Wales Valleys]]
| [[Hot AC]]
| 1116, 999
|
|}

===== The Channel Islands & the Isle of Man =====

''Although the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK they are served by the UK's national radio stations. Additionally services in the Channel Islands are licensed by the UK's regulator''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
|-
| [[Channel 103]]
| [[Jersey]]
| 103.7 FM
|-
| [[Energy FM (Isle of Man)|Energy FM]]
| [[Isle of Man]]
| 98.6 FM, 93.4 (North Isle Of Man), 98.4 (Ramsey), 91.2 (Laxey), 102.4 (Peel), 105.2 (Maughold)
|-
| [[Island FM]]
| [[Alderney]], [[Guernsey]] and [[Sark]]
| 104.7 FM (Guernsey), 93.7 (Alderney)
|-
| [[Manx Radio]]
| [[Isle of Man]]
| 97.2 FM (South and East), 89.0, 103.7 (North) and 1368 AM
|-
| [[3FM (Isle of Man)|3FM]]
| [[Isle of Man]]
| 104.2 (Ramsey), 104.2 (Port St. Mary), 105.0 (South and East Isle of Man), 105.6, 106.2 (Peel)
|}

== Community radio stations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! Notes
|-
|[[Academy FM (Thanet)]]
|[[Thanet]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 5 April 2010
|-
|[[Afan FM]]
|[[Neath]] and [[Port Talbot]]
| 107.9 FM (Port Talbot), 97.4 (Neath)
|On Air: 20 April 2007
|-
|[[Alive Radio]]
|[[Dumfries]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 1 September 2009
|-
|[[ALL FM]]
|South, Central and East [[Manchester]]
|96.9 FM
|On Air: 22 May 2002
|-
|[[Amber Sound FM]]
|[[Amber Valley]], [[Derbyshire]]
|107.2 FM
|On Air: 17 September 2008
|-
|[[Ambur Radio]]
|[[Walsall]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 1 August 2009
|-
|[[Angel Radio (Havant)]]
|[[Havant]], [[Hampshire]]
|101.1 FM
|On Air: February 2002
|-
|[[Angel Radio (Isle of Wight)]]
|[[Newport, Isle of Wight]]
|91.5 FM
|On Air: 24 March 2007
|-
|[[Radio Asian Fever]]
|[[Leeds]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2007
|-
|[[Asian Star]]
|[[Slough]]
|101.6 FM
|On Air: April 2007
|-
|[[Awaz FM]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|107.2 FM
|On Air: 29 April 2002
|-
|[[Life FM (Harlesden)|BANG Radio]]
|[[Harlesden]], [[London]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 16 April 2007 (formerly Life FM)
|-
|[[The Bay 102.8]]
|[[Poole]] and [[Bournemouth]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: 8 November 2008
|-
|[[BCB 106.6 FM]]
|[[Bradford]]
|106.6 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2002
|-
|[[Bristol Community FM|BCfm]]
|[[Bristol]]
|93.2 FM
|On Air: 26 March 2007
|-
|[[BCR 103.1 FM]]
|[[Sheffield]]
|103.1 FM
|On Air: 31 May 2008
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[BFBS Lisburn|BFBS Northern Ireland]]
|[[Lisburn]]
|100.6 FM
|On Air: 8 May 2006
|-
|[[Aldergrove, County Antrim|Aldergrove]] and [[Antrim, County Antrim|Antrim]]
|106.5 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2008
|-
|[[Ballykinler]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2008
|-
|[[Holywood]]
|101.0 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2008
|-
|[[Aston FM|Big City Radio]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|89.1 FM
|On Air: 1 November 2005 (formerly Aston FM)
|-
|[[Bishop FM]]
|[[Bishop Auckland]]
|105.9 FM
|On Air: 31 October 2009
|-
|[[Black Diamond FM]]
|East and Central [[Midlothian]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 21 May 2007
|-
|[[Blast 106]]
|[[Belfast]]
|106.4 FM
|On Air: 8 July 2009
|-
|[[Blyth Valley Radio]]
|[[Southwold]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 4 July 2009
|-
|[[Black Diamond FM]]
|[[Midlothian]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 21 May 2007
|-
|[[Bolton FM]]
|[[Bolton]]
|96.5 FM
|On Air: 20 June 2009
|-
|Boundary Sound
|[[Newark-on-Trent|Newark]]
|102.6 FM
|On Air: 1 January 2009
|-
|[[Branch FM]]
|[[Dewsbury]]
|101.8 FM
|On Air: 9 December 2007
|-
|[[BRFM 95.6 FM]]
|[[Isle of Sheppey]]
|95.6 FM
|On Air: 30 October 2006
|-
|[[BRfm 97.3]]
|[[Blaenau Gwent]]
|97.3 FM
|On Air: 18 October 2007
|-
|[[102.5 The 'Bridge]]
|[[Stourbridge]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 1 January 2008
|-
|[[BRO Radio]]
|[[Vale Of Glamorgan]]
|98.1 FM
|On Air: 31 March 2009
|-
|[[Bute FM]]
|[[Rothesay]]
|96.5 FM
|On Air: 15 July 2009
|-
|[[Calon FM]]
|[[Wrexham]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2008
|-
|[[Cambridge 105]]
|[[Cambridge]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 1 October 2007
|-
|[[Canalside Community Radio]]
|North East [[Cheshire]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: 4 December 2008
|-
|[[Radio Cardiff]]
|[[Cardiff]]
|98.7 FM
|On Air: 8 October 2007
|-
|[[Castledown Radio]]
|[[Tidworth]]
|104.7 FM
|On Air: 4 November 2006
|-
|[[Celtic Music Radio]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|1530 AM
|On Air: 16 January 2008
|-
|[[Cheshire FM]]
|Mid Cheshire
|92.5 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Chorley FM]]
|[[Chorley]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: 24 November 2006
|-
|[[Community Voice FM]]
|[[Middlesbrough]]
|104.5 FM
|On Air: 10 August 2009
|-
|[[Corby Radio]]
|[[Corby]]
| 96.3 FM
| On Air: 5 December 2009
|-
|[[Crescent Radio]]
|[[Rochdale]]
|97.0 FM
|On Air: 12 September 2006
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Cross Rhythms]]
|[[Cross Rhythms City Radio|Stoke-on-Trent]]
|101.8 FM
|On Air: 28 February 2002
|-
|[[Cross Rhythms Plymouth|Plymouth]]
|96.3 FM
|On Air: 29 March 2007
|-
|[[Cross Rhythms Teesside|Stockton-on-Tees]]
|107.1 FM
|On Air: 27 April 2008
|-
|[[CSR 97.4FM]]
|[[Canterbury]]
|97.4 FM
|On Air: 4 January 2007
|-
|[[Dawn FM]]
|[[Nottingham]]
|107.6 FM
|On Air: 28 March 2006
|-
|[[Demon FM]]
|[[Leicester]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 4 May 2009
|-
|[[Desi Radio]]
|[[Southall]]
|1602 AM Also Sky 0169, DAB 11B (London)
|On Air: May 2002
|-
|[[Diversity FM]]
|[[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]]
|103.5 FM
|On Air: 10 September 2007
|-
|[[Diverse FM]]
|[[Luton]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: April 2007
|-
|[[Down FM]]
|[[Downpatrick]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2006
|-
|[[Drive 105 (Londonderry)|Drive 105]]
|[[Derry]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 27 January 2009
|-
|[[Drystone Radio]]
|[[South Craven]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 16 January 2009
|-
|[[Dunoon Community Radio]]
|[[Dunoon]]
|97.4 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2009
|-
|[[EAVA FM]]
|[[Leicester]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 5 December 2008
|-
|[[Erewash Sound]]
|[[Ilkeston]]
|96.8 FM
|On Air: 6 March 2010
|-
|[[Express FM]]
|[[Portsmouth]]
|93.7 FM
|On Air: 13 March 2006
|-
|[[The Eye (radio station)|103 The Eye]]
|[[Melton Mowbray]]
|103.0 FM
|On Air: 1 November 2005
|-
|[[Raidió Fáilte]]
|[[Belfast]]
|107.1 FM
|On Air: 15 September 2006
|-
|[[Faza FM]]
|[[Nottingham]]
|97.1 FM
|On Air: 25 March 2002
|-
|[[Féile FM]]
|[[Belfast]]
|103.2 FM
|On Air: 1 September 2007
|-
|[[Felixstowe Radio]]
|[[Felixstowe]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 5 September 2009
|-
|[[Flame CCR]]
|[[Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|Wirral]]
|1521 AM
|On Air: 19 December 2009
|-
|[[Forest FM]]
|[[Verwood]]
|92.3 FM
|On Air: 4 July 2006
|-
|[[Future Radio]]
|[[Norwich]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 6 August 2007
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[Garrison FM]]
|[[Aldershot]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 11 December 2006
|-
|[[Catterick, North Yorkshire|Catterick]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 11 May 2006
|-
|[[Colchester]]
|107.0 FM, 1287 AM (Bassingbourn)
|On Air: 2 May 2006
|-
|[[Edinburgh]]
|98.5 FM
|On Air: 14 August 2006
|-
|[[Sailsbury Plain]]
|106.8 FM
|On Air: 11 December 2006
|-
|[[Gateway 97.8]]
|[[Basildon]]
|97.8 FM
|On Air: 28 August 2010
|-
|[[Gaydio]]
|[[Manchester]]
|88.4 FM
|On Air: 18 June 2010
|-
|[[Glastonbury FM]]
|[[Glastonbury]]
|107.1 FM
|On Air: 30 April 2009
|-
|[[Gloucester FM|GFM]]
|[[Gloucester]]
|96.6 FM
|On Air: 21 July 2006
|-
|[[Gravity FM]]
|[[Grantham]]
|97.2 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2008
|-
|[[GTFM]]
|[[Pontypridd]]
|107.9 FM
|On Air: 24 May 2002
|-
|[[Halton Community Radio]]
|[[Runcorn]]
|92.3 FM
|On Air: 8 August 2008
|-
|[[Harborough FM]]
|[[Market Harborough]]
|102.3 FM
|On Air: 5 February 2007
|-
|[[Radio Hartlepool]]
|[[Hartlepool]]
|102.4 FM
|On Air: 14 October 2008
|-
|[[Hayes FM]]
|[[Hayes]], west [[London]]
|91.8 FM
|On Air: 1 September 2007
|-
|[[Hermitage FM]]
|[[Coalville]] and [[Ashby-de-la-Zouch]]
|99.2 FM
|On Air: 14 November 2009
|-
|[[Hillz FM]]
|[[Coventry]]
|98.6 FM
|On Air: 1 June 2009
|-
|[[HCR Huntingdon Community Radio]]
|[[Huntingdon]]
|? FM
|On Air: Spring 2010
|-
|[[Indigo FM]]
|[[Kirkby Lonsdale]]
|106.6 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2008
|-
|[[Insight Radio]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|101.0 FM Also Sky 0188, Freesat 777
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Inspiration FM]]
|[[Northampton]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 24 July 2010
|-
|[[Radio Ikhlas]]
|[[Normanton, Derby City|Normanton, Derby]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 8 September 2006
|-
|[[Ipswich Community Radio]]
|Ipswich
|105.7 FM
|On Air: 15 August 2007
|-
|[[IÚR FM]]
|[[Lisburn]]
|101.4 FM
|On Air: 10 October 2007
|-
|[[Radio Jcom]]
|[[Leeds]]
|1386 AM
|On Air: 6 September 2009
|-
|[[KCC Live]]
|Knowsley
|99.8FM
|On Air: 18 June 2009
|-
|[[Kemet Radio]]
|[[Nottingham]]
|97.5 FM
|On Air: 25 January 2007
|-
|[[Leith FM]]
|[[Leith and North Edinburgh]]
|98.8 FM
|On Air: 31 March 2007
|-
|[[Lincoln City Radio]]
|[[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 19 April 2010
|-
|[[Lionheart Radio]]
|[[Alnwick]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Mearns FM]]
|[[Stonehaven & South Aberdeenshire]]
|105.7 FM (Stonehaven), 106.2 FM (Inverbervie), 107.3 FM (Laurencekirk)
|On Air: 6 June 2009
|-
|[[Meridian FM]]
|[[East Grinstead]]
|107.0 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2010
|-
|[[Moorlands Radio]]
|[[Staffordshire Moorlands]]
|103.7 FM
|On Air: 7 November 2009
|-
|[[NE1fm]]
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 8 June 2007
|-
|[[New Style Radio]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|98.7 FM
|On Air: 14 August 2002
|-
|[[North Manchester FM]]
|[[North Manchester]]
|106.6 FM
|On Air: 6 July 2009
|-
|[[NuSound Radio]]
|[[Forest Gate]], [[London]]
|92.0 FM
|On Air: 19 March 2007
|-
|[[Oldham Community Radio]]
|[[Oldham]]
|99.7 FM
|On Air: 17 March 2007
|-
|[[ON FM]]
|[[Hammersmith]], west [[London]]
|101.4 FM
|On Air: 28 May 2008
|-
|[[Peace FM]]
||[[Moss Side]], [[Manchester]]
|90.1 FM
|On Air: 1 October 2009
|-
|[[Pendle Community Radio]]
|[[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]]
|103.1 FM
|On Air: 28 August 2007
|-
|[[Penistone Community Radio|Penistone FM]]
|[[Penistone, South Yorkshire|Penistone]]
|95.7 FM
|On Air: 6 June 2009
|-
|[[Phoenix FM]]
|[[Brentwood, Essex|Brentwood]]
|98.0 FM
|On Air: 23 March 2007
|-
|[[Phoenix Radio (Halifax)|Phoenix Radio]]
|[[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]]
|96.7 FM
|On Air: 10 December 2007
|-
|[[Phonic FM]]
|[[Exeter, Devon|Exeter]]
|106.8 FM
|On Air: 15 February 2008
|-
|[[Preston FM]]
|[[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]]
|103.2 FM
|On Air: 6 October 2008
|-
|[[Pulse FM]]
|[[Barrhead]]
|98.4 FM
|On Air: 28 July 2009
|-
|[[Pure Radio]]
|[[Stockport]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 13 September 2007
|-
|[[Raaj FM]]
|[[West Bromwich]]
|91.3 FM
|On Air: 31 January 2009
|-
|[[Redroad FM]]
|South [[Rotherham]]
|102.4 FM
|On Air: 27 March 2010
|-
|[[Resonance FM]]
|[[London]]
|104.4 FM
|On Air: 1 May 2002
|-
|[[Radio Reverb]]
|[[Brighton]]
|97.2 FM
|On Air: 26 March 2007
|-
|[[Revival FM]]
|[[Cumbernauld]]
|100.8 FM
|On Air: 31 August 2006
|-
|[[Rossendale Radio]]
|[[Haslingden]] and [[Rawtenstall]]
|104.7 FM
|On Air: 1 May 2010
|-
|[[Saint FM (Burnham-on-Crouch)|Saint FM]]
|[[Burnham-on-Crouch]]
|94.7 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2007
|-
|[[Salford Community Radio]]
|[[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]]
|94.4 FM
|On Air: 30 September 2007
|-
|[[Radio Sandwell]]
|[[Sandwell|Sandwell, West Midlands]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 25 May 2010
|-
|[[Radio Scilly]]
|Isles of [[Scilly]]
|107.9 FM
|On Air: 3 September 2007
|-
|[[105.3 Seaside FM]]
|[[Holderness]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 5 October 2007
|-
|[[7 Waves Community Radio]]
|[[Wirral Peninsula|Wirral]]
|92.1 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2008
|-
|[[Sheffield Live!]]
|[[Sheffield]]
|93.2 FM
|On Air: 29 October 2007
|-
|[[Shine FM]]
|[[Banbridge]]
|102.4 FM
|On Air: 1 June 2007
|-
|[[shmuFM]]
|[[Aberdeen]]
|99.8 FM
|On Air: 1 October 2007
|-
|[[Siren FM]]
|[[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 11 August 2007
|-
|[[Sine FM]]
|[[Doncaster]]
|102.6 FM
|On Air: 26 September 2009
|-
|[[Skyline Community Radio]]
|[[Hedge End]] and [[Botley, Hampshire|Botley]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 7 January 2006
|-
|[[Somer Valley FM]]
|[[Midsomer Norton]] and [[Radstock]]
|97.5 FM
|On Air: 12 January 2009
|-
|[[Source fm|Source FM]]
|[[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]]
|96.1 FM
|On Air: 28 Feb 2009
|-
|[[Spark FM]]
|[[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
|107.0 FM
|On Air: 26 October 2009
|-
|[[Speysound Radio]]
|[[Badenock]] and [[Strathspey]]
|107.1 FM (relays [[Moray Firth Radio|MFR]] as a sustaining service)
|On Air: 4 December 2009
|-
|[[Spice FM]]
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|98.8 FM
|On Air: 8 August 2008
|-
|[[Radio St Austell Bay]]
|[[St Austell]]
|105.6 FM
|On Air: 28 January 2008
|-
|[[Stroud FM]]
|[[Stroud]]
|107.9 FM
|On Air: 24 March 2008
|-
|[[Superstation Orkney|The Superstation]]
|[[Orkney]]
|105.4 FM
|On Air: 14 January 2008
|-
|[[Sunny Govan Radio]]
|[[Govan]]
|103.5 FM
|On Air: 28 March 2007
|-
|[[Swindon 105.5]]
|[[Swindon]]
|105.5 FM
|On Air: 15 March 2008
|-
|[[Switch Radio]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 30 April 2010
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Takeover Radio]]
|[[Leicester]]
|103.2 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2002
|-
|[[Sutton-in-Ashfield]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2010
|-
|[[Tameside Radio]]
|[[Tameside]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 30 September 2007
|-
|[[TCR FM]]
|[[Tamworth]]
|106.8 FM
|On Air: 31 October 2009
|-
|[[Radio Teesdale]]
|[[Barnard Castle]]
|105.5 FM, 102.1 (Romaldkirk)
|On Air: 29 March 2007
|-
|[[Tempo FM]]
|[[Wetherby]]
|107.4 FM
|On Air: 11 September 2006
|-
|[[10radio]]
|[[Wiveliscombe]], [[Somerset]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 2 March 2008
|-
|[[Radio Tircoed]]
|[[Tircoed]], [[Swansea]]
|106.5 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2008
|-
|[[3TFM (North Ayrshire)|3TFM]]
|[[Saltcoats]]
|103.1 FM
|On Air: 18 April 2008
|-
|[[TMCR 95.3|TMCR]]
|North East [[Doncaster]]
|95.3 FM
|On Air: 14 December 2009
|-
||[[Tudno FM]]
|[[Llandudno]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 12 July 2008
|-
||[[Tulip Radio]]
|[[Spalding, Lincolnshire]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 12 June 2009
|-
|[[Uckfield FM]]
|[[Uckfield]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 1 July 2010
|-
|[[Ujima Radio]]
|[[Bristol]]
|98.0 FM
|On Air: 4 July 2008
|-
|[[Radio Ummah]]
|[[Manor Park]]
|94.0 FM
|On Air: 9 November 2008
|-
|[[Unity 101]]
|[[Southampton]]
|101.1 FM
|On Air: 12 December 2005
|-
|[[Unity FM]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|93.5 FM
|On Air: 2 August 2006
|-
|[[Unity Radio]]
|[[Manchester]]
|92.8 FM
|On Air: Summer 2010
|-
|[[Radio Verulam]]
|[[St Albans]]
|92.6 FM
|On Air: 7 July 2007
|-
|[[Voice of Africa Radio]]
|[[Stratford, London]]
|94.3 FM
|On Air: 18 July 2007
|-
|[[Wayland Radio]]
|[[Wayland]], [[Norfolk]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 28 August 2009
|-
|[[WCR FM]]
|[[Wolverhampton]]
|101.8 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Radio West Suffolk]]
|[[Bury St Edmunds]]
|103.3 FM
|On Air: 13 August 2010
|-
|[[106.9FM WHCR]]
|West [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 26 March 2007
|-
|[[Westside Community Radio|Westside FM]]
|[[Southall]]
|89.6 FM
|On Air: 13 September 2007
|-
|[[Wythenshawe FM]]
|[[Wythenshawe]], [[Greater Manchester]]
|97.2 FM
|On Air: 22 March 2002
|-
|[[Youth Community Radio|Youthcomm Radio]]
|[[Worcester]]
|106.7 FM
|On Air: 13 January 2008
|-
|[[Zeta 105.3 FM|Zack FM]]
|[[Forest Heath]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 22 June 2009
|}

== Defunct and unlaunched community radio stations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! Notes
|-
|[[Forest of Dean Radio]]
|[[Cinderford]]
|1521 AM, 1503 Newent
|Closed 31 Dec 2009
|-
|[[Link FM]]
|[[Harold Hill]]
|92.2 FM
|Closed: 28 Jun 2010
|-
|[[Sound Radio]]
|[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]
|1503 AM
|Closed June 2007
|-
|[[TGR Sound]]
|[[Bexleyheath]]
|103.7 FM
|Closed June 22, 2008
|-
||[[Chelmsford Calling]]
|[[Chelmsford]]
|104.4 FM
|Closed Feb 2007
|}

== RSL stations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Typical Air Dates
! Analogue Frequencies
|-
| [[ATRfm]]
| [[Arthur Terry School]], [[Sutton Coldfield]]
| July
| 106.9 FM
|-
| [[Radio Badminton]]
| [[Badminton House]]
| May
| 87.9 FM - Live coverage of Badminton Horse Trials
|-
| [[Bexhill FM]]
| [[Bexhill on Sea]], [[East Sussex]]
| July
| 87.7 FM - Broadcast from Bexhill High School
|-
| [[Black Cat Radio]]
| [[St Neots]]
| June
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Brighton Festival Radio]]
| [[Brighton]]
| May
| 87.7 FM - Coverage of the Brighton Festival
|-
| [[Camglen Radio]]
| South [[Glasgow]]
| June and December
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Cheltenham Radio]]
| [[Cheltenham Racecourse]]
| March
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Cheltenham National Hunt Festival
|-
| [[Corinium Radio]]
| [[Cirencester]]
| July and November
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Radio Cosford]]
| [[RAF Cosford]]
| June
| 87.9 FM - Live coverage of Cosford Air Show
|-
| [[Radio Cracker|Cracker FM]]
| [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]]
| December
| 87.9 FM
|-
| [[Radio Cracker]]
| [[Ballymena]]
| December
| 107.6 FM
|-
| [[Crufts FM]]
| [[National Exhibition Centre]], [[Birmingham]]
| March
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Crufts Dog Show
|-
| [[Download FM]]
| [[Donington Park]]
| June
| 87.7 FM - Coverage of the Download Festival
|-
| [[Festival FM]]
| [[Edinburgh]]
| August
| 87.7 FM - Coverage of the Edinburgh Festival
|-
| [[Kingfisher FM]]
| [[Redditch]]
| April and November
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Lincolnshire Show Radio]]
| [[Lincolnshire Showground]]
| June
| 107.8 FM - Coverage of the Lincolnshire Show operated by [[Lincs FM]]
|-
| [[OSCAR Radio]]
| [[Oundle]]
| May and November
| 87.7 FM - Broadcast from Oundle School
|-
| [[Radio Ramadan]]
| Local RSLs across the UK - 29 stations in 2009
| During period of [[Ramadan]] and [[Eid]]
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Rocket FM]]
| [[Lewes]]
| October/November
| 87.8 FM
|-
| [[Spin FM (Surrey)|Spin FM]]
| [[Redhill]] and [[Reigate]]
| July/August and December
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Radio Silverstone]]
| [[Silverstone Circuit]]
| July
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of the British Formula One Grand Prix
|-
| [[Truckfest FM]]
| [[East of England Showground]], [[Peterborough]]
| May Day Bank Holiday
| 106.2 FM - Live coverage of the Truckfest show
|-
| [[Whitchurch FM]]
| [[Whitchurch, North Shropshire|Whitchurch]]
| June
| 87.9 FM
|-
| [[Radio Wimbledon]]
| [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]]
| June / July
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Wimbledon Tennis Championships with Centre Court commentary on 96.3 FM and Number One court commentary on 97.8 FM
|-
| [[Radio Winchcombe]]
| [[Winchcombe, Gloucestershire|Winchcombe]]
| April and November
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Wales Rally FM]]
| [[South Wales]]
| November
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Wales Rally GB
|-
| [[Worthy FM]]
| [[Glastonbury]]
| June
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of the Glastonbury Festival
|-
| [[Youth FM]]
| [[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]]
| October
| 87.7 FM
|-

Many student stations broadcast RSLs annually. A number of stations also operate during the Sikh festival Vaisakhi.
Short-term RSL stations are frequently used for the RefLink audio service for Rugby Union matches, drive-in movies and for Jehovah's Witnesses Watchtower Conventions.
|}

== Student and schools radio ==
{{External links|date=October 2010}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Frequencies
! Notes
|-
|-
|[[Aberdeen Student Radio]]
|[[University of Aberdeen]]
|Online
|http://abdn.ac.uk/asr/
|-
|[[Air3 Radio]]
|[[Stirling University]]
|Online
|http://www.air3radio.com
|-
|[[A39 Radio]]
|[[University College Falmouth]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[Bailrigg FM]]
|[[Lancaster University]]
|87.7 FM
|http://www.bailriggfm.co.uk
|-
|[[Bay Radio]]
|[[Aberystwyth University]]
|Online
|http://www.bay-radio.co.uk
|-
|[[1449AM URB]]
|[[University of Bath]]
|1449 AM - LPAM
|http://www.1449urb.co.uk
|-
|[[BIRst]]
|[[Bournemouth University]]
|Online
|http://www.birst.co.uk
|-
|[[Blast 1386]]
|[[Thames Valley University]]
|1386 AM - LPAM
|http://www.blast1386.com
|-
|[[Blast Radio]]
|[[Thames Valley University]]
|Online
|http://www.blast-radio.co.uk
|-
|[[Radio Brunel]]
|[[Brunel University]]
|Online
|http://www.radiobrunel.com
|-
|[[Burn FM]]
|[[Birmingham University]]
|Online
|http://www.burnfm.com
|-
|[[BURST]]
|[[University of Bristol]]
|1134 AM - LPAM
|http://www.burstradio.org.uk
|-
|-
|[[Radio Caley]]
|[[Glasgow Caledonian University]]
|Online
|http://www.radiocaley.com
|-
|[[The cat 1251|The Cat 1251]]
|[[University of Chester]]
|1251 AM - LPAM
|http://www.thecatradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Cambridge University Radio|CUR1350]]
|[[University of Cambridge]], [[Anglia Ruskin University]]
|1350 AM - LPAM (FM from September 2010 via community licence)
|http://www.cur1350.co.uk
|-
|[[Click (Teeside)|Click]]
|[[Teeside University]]
|Online
|http://clickteesside.com
|-
|[[Crush Radio]]
|[[University of Hertfordshire]]
|1278 AM - LPAM
|http://www.crushradio.co.uk
|-
|[[CSR 97.4FM]]
|[[Canterbury]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[Demon FM]]
|[[De Montfort University]], [[Leicester]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[DRS Radio]]
|[[University of Derby]]
|Online
|http://www.udsu.co.uk
|-
|[[Fly FM (Nottingham)|Fly FM]]
|[[Nottingham Trent University]]
|Online
|http://www.flyfm.co.uk
|-
|[[Forge Radio]]
|[[University of Sheffield]]
|Online
|http://www.forgeradio.com
|-
|[[Frequency Radio]]
|[[University of Central Lancashire]], [[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]]
|Online
|http://www.frequencyradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Fresh Air (Edinburgh)|Fresh Air]]
|Universities of [[Edinburgh]]
|Online
|http://www.freshair.org.uk
|-
|[[Fresh FM (Petroc)|Fresh FM]]
|[[Petroc College|Petroc, Barnstaple]]
|FM 87.7 - LPFM
|http://www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk
|-
|[[Fuse FM]]
|[[University of Manchester]]
|Onlne + RSL
|http://www.fusefm.co.uk
|-
|[[One Media (OMG)]]
|[[Staffordshire University]]
|Online
|http://www.onemedia.co
|-
|[[Glasgow Met Radio]]
|[[Glasgow Metropolitan College]]
|Online
|http://www.metstudent.com
|-
|[[GU2 Radio]]
|[[University of Surrey]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.gu2.co.uk
|-
|[[Hameldon FM|HFM]]
|[[Hameldon Community College]], [[Burnley]]
|Online
|http://www.hameldonfm.com
|-
|[[1386AM HCR]]
|[[Halesowen College]]
|1386 AM - LPAM
|http://www.1386hcr.co.uk
|-
|[[Radio Hope]]
|[[Liverpool Hope University]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.radiohope.co.uk
|-
|[[Hub Radio]]
|[[University of the West of England]], [[Bristol]]
|1449 AM - LPAM
||http://www.hubradio.co.uk
|-
|[[IC Radio]]
|[[Imperial College London]]
|Online
|http://www.icradio.com
|-
|[[Icon Radio]]
|[[University of Liverpool]]
|Online
|http://www.liverpoolstudentmedia.com/iconradio
|-
|[[Insanity Radio]]
|[[Royal Holloway, University of London]]
|1278 AM - LPAM
|http://www.insanityradio.com
|-
|[[Jam 1575]]
|[[Hull University Union]]
|Online
|http://ilovejamradio.co.uk/
|-
|JCC Radio
|[[John Cleveland College]]
|Online
|http://radio.jcc.leics.sch.uk/
|-
|[[Junction11]]
|[[University of Reading]]
|Online
|http://www.rusu.co.uk/junction11
|-
|[[Kic FM]]
|[[Wolverhampton University]]
|Online
|http://www.kicfm.com
|-
|[[Kube Radio]]
|[[Keele University]]
|Online
|http://www.kuberadio.com
|-
|[[Livewire (radio)|Livewire 1350]]
|[[University of East Anglia]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.livewire1350.com
|-
|[[Looprevil Radio]]
|[[Liverpool John Moores University]]
|Online
|http://www.looprevilradio.com
|-
|[[Loughborough Campus Radio|LCR]]
|[[Loughborough University]]
|Freewire Channel 900 and Online
|http://www.lborosu.org.uk/media/index.php?section=lcr
|-
|[[Lush Radio]]
|[[University of Leicester]]
|Online
|http://www.lush-radio.co.uk
|-
|[[LSRfm.com]]
|[[University of Leeds]], [[Leeds Metropolitan University]]
|Online
|http://www.lsrfm.com
|-
|[[MMU Radio]]
|[[Manchester Metropolitan University]]
|Online
|http://www.mmuradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Mud Radio]]
|[[Middlesex University]]
|Online
|http://www.mudradio.com
|-
|[[Radio Noize]]
|[[University of Wales, Newport]]
|Online
|http://www.newportunion.com/radionoize
|-
|[[NSR Live]]
|[[Newcastle University]]
|Online
|http://www.nsrlive.co.uk
|-
|[[One Media Radio]]
|[[Staffordshire University]]
|Online
|http://www.onemediaradio.com
|-
|[[Oscar Radio]]
|[[Oundle School]]
|RSL - 87.7 FM
|http://oscar-radio.org
|-
|[[Oxide Radio]]
|[[University of Oxford]], [[Oxford Brookes University]]
|Online
|http://www.oxideradio.co.uk
|-
|[[PB Radio]]
|[[Plantsbrook School]], [[Sutton Coldfield]]
|Online
|http://www.pbradio.co.uk
|-
|[[PURE:FM]]
|[[University of Portsmouth]]
|Online
|http://www.purefm.com
|-
|[[PuLSEfm|Pulse! Radio]]
|[[London School of Economics and Political Science]]
|Online
|http://www.pulse.dj
|-
|[[Purple Radio]]
|[[Durham University]]
|Online
|http://www.purpleradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Queen's Radio]]
|[[Queen's University Belfast]]
|1134 AM - LPAM
|http://www.queensradio.org
|-
|[[Ramair]]
|[[University of Bradford]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.ramair.co.uk
|-
| [[Range Radio]]
| [[Whalley Range High School]], [[Manchester]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.whalleyrange.manchester.sch.uk/aboutus/rangeradio.aspx
|-
|[[Rare FM]]
|[[UCL Union|UCL]], [[London]]
|Online
|http://www.rarefm.co.uk
|-
|[[Rascal Radio]]
|[[Robert Gordon University]], [[Aberdeen]]
|Online
|http://www.radiospace.org.uk
|-
|[[Radio Warwick|RaW]]
|[[University of Warwick]]
|1251 AM - LPAM
|http://www.radio.warwick.ac.uk
|-
|[[RED - 1404 AM|Red Radio]]
|[[University of Essex]]
|Online
|http://www.essexstudent.com/red
|-
| [[Radio Roseland]]
| [[Roseland Community College]], [[Tregony]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM
|http://radio.theroseland.cornwall.sch.uk
|-
|[[Roundhouse Radio]]
|[[The Roundhouse]], [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]]
|Online
|http://www.roundhouse.org.uk/radio
|-
|[[SCAM Radio]]
|[[Suffolk New College]], [[Ipswich]]
|
|
|-
|[[Scratch Radio]]
|[[Birmingham City University]]
|Online
|http://www.scratchradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Shock Radio]]
|[[University of Salford]], [[Manchester]]
|Online
|http://www.shockradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Siren FM]]
|[[University of Lincoln]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[Radio Sonar]]
|[[Southampton Solent University]]
|Online
|http://www.radiosonar.co.uk
|-
|[[Source Radio]]
|[[Coventry University]]
|1431 AM - LPAM
|http://www.sourceradio.co.uk/
|-
|[[Spark FM]]
|[[University of Sunderland]]
||See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[STAR FM|STAR]]
|[[University of St Andrews]]
|Online
|http://www.standrewsradio.com
|-
|[[Storm FM]]
|[[Bangor University]]
|87.7 FM - LPFM (Ffriddoedd)
|http://www.stormfm.com
|-
|[[Strathlyde Fusion]]
|[[University of Strathclyde]]
|Online
|http://www.strathclydefusion.com
|-
|[[Subcity Radio]]
|[[University of Glasgow]]
|Online
|http://www.subcity.org
|-
|[[Surge 1287am|Surge]]
|[[University of Southampton]]
|1287 AM - LPAM
|http://www.surgeradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Tequila Radio]]
|[[University of Glamorgan]]
|Online
|http://www.tequilaradio.co.uk
|-
|[[UCA Radio]]
|[[University of the West of Scotland]]
|Online
|http://www.ucaradio.paisley.ac.uk
|-
|[[University Radio Falmer]]
|[[University of Sussex]]
|Online
|http://www.urfonline.com
|-
|[[University Radio Nottingham]]
|[[University of Nottingham]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.urn1350.net
|-
|[[University Radio York]]
|[[University of York]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://ury.york.ac.uk
|-
|[[Verve Radio]]
|[[London Metropolitan University]]
|Online
|http://www.ververadio.co.uk
|-
|[[Radio Weald]]
|[[The Weald School, Billingshurst]]
|Online
|http://www.radioweald.co.uk
|-
|[[Wired Radio (London)|Wired Radio]]
|[[Goldsmiths College]], [[London]]
|Online
|http://wiredradio.co.uk/
|-
|[[Xpress Radio]]
|[[Cardiff University]]
|Online
|http://www.xpressradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Xpression FM]]
|[[University of Exeter]]
|87.7 FM - LPFM (Moberly) 87.7 FM - LPFM (Lafrowda)
|http://www.xpressionfm.com
|-
|[[Xtreme Radio]]
|[[Swansea University]]
|1431 AM - LPAM
|http://www.xtremeradio.org
|}

== Hospital radio stations ==

''Typically available within the grounds of a single hospital, these stations broadcast to bedside units and occasionally public areas of the hospital. Transmission is provided along dedicated cabling, via third-party entertainment systems, or by means of [[low-power broadcasting]]. Many of these stations are among the 200+ supported by the [[Hospital Broadcasting Association]] (HBA). ''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Primary Licence Area
! Accessibility
|-
| [http://www.radioaddenbrookes.co.uk Radio Addenbrooke's]
| [[Addenbrooke's Hospital]], [[Cambridge]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.ahbs.org.uk/ AHBS (Ashford Hospital Broadcasting Service)]
| [[William Harvey Hospital]], [[Ashford, Kent|Ashford]]
| Hospedia Channel 1 (soon to broadcast on FM through Community Radio licence)
|-
| [http://www.ankerradio1386am.org.uk Anker Radio]
| [[George Eliot Hospital]], [[Nuneaton]]
| 1386 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.appleam.com Apple AM]
|[[Musgrove Park Hospital]], [[Taunton]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM, Hospedia and online at www.appleam.com
|-
| [http://www.arrowesound.co.uk Arrowe Sound]
| [[Arrowe Park Hospital]], [[Birkenhead]]
|
|-
| [http://www.ahr.org.uk Auckland Hospital Radio]
| [[Bishop Auckland General Hospital]], [[Bishop Auckland]]
| Hospedia and online at www.ahr.org.uk.
|-
| [http://www.ayrhospitalsradio.btik.com// Ayr Hospitals' Radio]
| [[Ailsa Hospital]], [[Ayr Hospital]] and [[Biggart Hospital]], [[Ayr]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hrb.org.uk// Hospital Radio Barnet]
| [[Barnet Hospital]], [[Barnet]]
| Channel 12
|-
| [http://www.bhbonline.co.uk/ Barnsley Hospital Broadcasting]
| [[Barnsley Hospital]], [[Barnsley]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.hrbasingstoke.co.uk/ Hospital Radio Basingstoke]
| [[North Hampshire Hospital]], [[Basingstoke]]
| 945 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.bhbs.org.uk/ Bath Hospital Radio]
| [[Royal United Hospital]] and [[Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases]], [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]]
| Hospedia (Royal United Hospital), Channel 11 (Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases) and online at www.bhbs.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.baytrustradio.org.uk/ Bay Trust Radio]
| [[Westmorland General Hospital]], [[Kendal]], [[Royal Lancaster Infirmary]], [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] and [[Furness General Hospital]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
| Hospedia Channel 1 (Kendal), Hospedia Channel 7 (Barrow and Lancaster) and online at www.baytrustradio.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiobedford.org.uk/ Hospital Radio Bedford]
| [[Bedford General Hospital]], [[Bedford]]
| Hospicom or Channel 2
|-
| [http://www.musicinhospital.org.uk Bedrock]
| [[Queen's Hospital]], [[Havering]]
| Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.bhbn.net BHBN]
| [[City Hospital, Birmingham]], [[Good Hope Hospital]], [[Heartlands Hospital]], [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham]], [[The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital]], [[Selly Oak Hospital]], [[Birmingham Women's Hospital]]
| Hospedia and Premier Bedside
|-
| [http://www.bhr1287.net BHR 1287]
| [[Basildon University Hospital]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM, Telecall Channel 19 and online at www.bhr1287.net
|-
| [http://www.radiohospitalsblackburn.co.uk Radio Hospitals Blackburn]
| [[Royal Blackburn Hospital]]
| Hospedia
|-
|[http://homepages.tesco.net/kjgood/ BLFR Hospital Radio]
|[[Bridgend and District Hospitals]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiobedside.co.uk Hospital Radio Bedside]
| [[Royal Bournemouth Hospital]], [[Poole Hospital]] and [[Poole Maternity Unit]]
| Hospedia Channel 6 (Bournemouth), Hospedia Channel 48 (Poole)
|-
| [http://www.radiobgm.org.uk Radio BGM]
| [[Prince Phillip Hospital]], [[Llanelli]]
| Channel 5
|-
| [http://www.bhbs.org Bristol Hospital Broadcasting Service]
| [[Bristol Royal Infirmary]] and [[North Bristol NHS Trust]]
| Premier Bedside Radio (Bristol Royal Infirmary), Hospedia (North Bristol NHS Trust)
|-
| [http://www.radiobroadgreen.co.uk/ Radio Broadgreen]
| [[Broadgreen Hospital]], [[Liverpool]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.bridgefm.org.uk Bridge FM Hospital Radio]
| [[Ashludie Hospital]], [[Carsview Centre]], [[Ninewells Hospital]] and [[Royal Victoria Hospital]], [[Dundee]]
| 87.7 FM and DAB Digital Radio (11B) (Mon-Fri 1200-1400, Sun-Thu 1800-0000)
|-
| [http://www.radiobrockley.org Radio Brockley]
| [[Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital]], [[Stanmore]]
| 999 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.radiobronglais.co.uk Radio Bronglais]
| [[Bronglais Hospital]], [[Aberystwyth]]
| 87.8 FM - LPFM
|-
| [http://www.radiocalderdale.org Radio Calderdale]
| [[Calderdale Royal Hospital]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]]
| Channel 10
|-
| [http://www.chradio.org.uk Canterbury Hospital Radio]
| [[Kent & Canterbury Hospital]]
| 945 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.carillonradio.com Carillon Radio]
| [[Loughborough Hospital]], [[Coalville Hospital]], [[Ashby de-la-Zouch Hospital]], [[Melton Mowbray Hospital]] and [[Oakham Hospital]]
| 1386 AM Loughborough, Coalville, 1431 Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Oakham and online at www.carillonradio.com
|-
| [http://www.castlemeadradio.co.uk Castle Mead Radio]
| [[Hinckley Hospital]] and [[Hinckley & Bosworth Community Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiocavell1350.org.uk Radio Cavell]
| [[Royal Oldham Hospital]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hrc.org.uk Hospital Radio Chelmsford]
| [[Broomfield Hospital]], [[Chelmsford]]
| Hospedia Channel 1 (Channel 5 on new T3 unit)
|-
| [http://www.chr1431.org.uk Chichester Hospital Radio]
| [[St Richard's Hospital]], [[Chichester]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM and Hospicom Channel 11
|-
| [http://www.chrs.org.uk Chippenham Hospital Radio]
| [[Chippenham Community Hospital]], [[Chippenham]]
| Closed loop system and online at www.chrs.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.choiceradio.org.uk Choice Radio]
| [[Ronkswood#Worcestershire_Royal_Hospital|Worcestershire Royal]], [[Worcester]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.chorleyhospitalradio.org.uk/ Chorley Hospital Radio]
| [http://www.nhs.uk/ServiceDirectories/Pages/Trust.aspx?id=RXN Chorley and South Ribble Hospital], [[Chorley]]
| Patientline
|-
| [http://www.radioclatterbridge.co.uk Radio Clatterbridge]
| [[Clatterbridge Hospital]], [[Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|Wirral]]
| Channel 1 or Channel 9
|-
| [http://www.coastway.org.uk Coastway Hospital Radio]
| [[Royal Sussex County Hospital]], [[Sussex Eye Hospital]], [[Brighton]]
| Hospedia Channel 6 and online at www.coastway.org.uk
|-
| [[Hospital Radio Colchester]]
| [[Colchester General Hospital]] and [[Essex County Hospital]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.chbnradio.org Cornwall Hospital Broadcasting Network]
| [[Royal Cornwall Hospital]], [[Truro]], [[St Micheal's Hospital, Hayle]] and [[West Cornwall Hospital]], [[Penzance]]
|
|-
|[http://www.cprradio.org.uk CPR Hospital Radio]
|[[Chorley]] and [[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]] Hospitals
|
|-
| [http://www.radiodgh.com Radio DGH]
| [[Eastbourne District General Hospital]], [[Eastbourne]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.durhamhospitalsradio.moonfruit.co.uk Durham Hospital Radio]
| [[University Hospital of North Durham]], [[Durham]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.ehhr.org East Herts Hospital Radio]
| [[East and North Herts NHS Trust|QE2 Hospital]], [[Welwyn Garden City]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radioenfield.co.uk Radio Enfield]
| [[Chase Farm Hospital]], [[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.epsomhospitalradio.org Epsom Hospital Radio]
| [[Epsom General Hospital]], [[Epsom]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.eveshamhospitalradio.co.uk Evesham Hospital Radio]
| [[Evesham Community Hospital]], [[Evesham]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radioforest.co.uk Radio Forest Community Broadcasting]
| FOREST ONE: [[St Margaret's Hospital]], [[Epping]] and [[The Derwent Centre]], [[Harlow]] 
FOREST GOLD: [[St Margaret's Hospital]], [[Epping]], [[Saffron Walden Community Hospital]] and [[Brentwood Community Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiofox.co.uk Hospital Radio Fox]
| [[Leicester Royal Infirmary]], [[Glenfield Hospital]], [[Leicester]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.radiofreeway.co.uk Radio Freeway]
| [[Morriston Hospital]], [[Swansea]]
| Channel 3, 4 and 14
|-
| [http://www.radiogeneral.co.uk Radio General]
| [[Warrington Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radioglamorgan.com Radio Glamorgan]
| [[University Hospital of Wales]], [[Cardiff]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.radioglangwili.co.uk Radio Glangwili]
| [[West Wales General Hospital]], [[Carmarthen]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM
|-
| [http://www.radiograpevine.com Radio Grapevine]
| [[St John's Hospital, Livingston]]
|
|-
| [http://www.ghronline.co.uk/ Grimsby Hospital Radio]
| [[Diana, Princess of Wales Hospital]], [[Grimsby]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [[Hospital Radio Gwendolen]]
| [[Leicester General Hospital]], [[Leicester]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.radiohalton.org Radio Halton]
| [[Halton General Hospital]], [[Runcorn]]
| Channel 3
|-
| [http://www.harrogatehospitalradio.org.uk Harrogate Hospital Radio]
| [[Harrogate Hospital]], [[Harrogate]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiohastings.org.uk Hospital Radio Hastings]
| [[Conquest Hospital]], [[Hastings]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hbsaradio.com HBSA Hospital Radio]
| [[Ayrshire Central Hospital]], [[Irvine, North Ayrshire|Irvine]]; [[Crosshouse Hospital]], [[Kilmarnock]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hbsradio.co.uk HBS Radio]
| [[Royal Hallamshire Hospital]], [[Weston Park Hospital]], [[Northern General Hospital]], [[Sheffield]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hemelradio.org.uk Hemel Hospital Radio]
| [[Hemel Hempstead General Hospital]], [[Hemel Hempstead]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.hhr.org.uk Hereford Hospital Radio]
| [[Hereford County Hospital]], [[Hereford]]
| Telecall Channel 8
|-
| [http://www.hwdhospitalradio.com HWD Hospital Radio]
| [[Dewsbury and District Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioipswich.org.uk Hospital Radio Ipswich]
| [[Ipswich Hospital]] and [[St. Elizabeth's Hospice]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.jubileeradio.org.jj Jubilee Radio]
| [[Princess Elizabeth Hospital]], [[Guernsey]]
|
|-
| [http://www.thejumbosound.com The Jumbo Sound]
| [[Goodmays Hospital]] and [[King George Hospital, London|King George Hospital]], [[Redbridge, London|Redbridge]]
| Online at www.thejumbosound.com
|-
| [http://www.kidderminsterhospitalradio.co.uk Kidderminster Hospital Radio]
| [[Kidderminster Acute Hospital]], [[Kidderminster]]
| Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.khronline.com Kingston Hospital Radio]
| [[Kingston Hospital]], [[Kingston upon Thames]]
| Hospedia Channel 45
|-
| [http://www.kingstownradio.co.uk Kingstown Radio]
| [[Hull Royal Infirmary|Hull Royal Infirmary Hospital]], [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]
| 1350M AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radiolaw.org.uk Radio Law]
| [[Wishaw General Hospital]], [[Wishaw]]
| Channel 12
|-
| [http://www.lchradio.org London Chest Hospital Radio]
| [[London Chest Hospital]], [[London]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiolion.org Radio Lion]
| [[Royal Surrey County Hospital]], [[Guildford]]
| Premier Bedside Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.londonnetworkradio.co.uk London Network Radio]
| [[Whittington Hospital]], [[North London]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radio-lonsdale.co.uk/ Radio Lonsdale]
| [[Furness General Hospital]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
| Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.ldhr.co.uk Luton and Dunstable Hospital Radio]
| [[Luton & Dunstable Hospital]], [[Luton]]
| 1134 AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radiomarsden.co.uk Radio Marsden]
| [[Royal Marsden Hospital]], London
| TV Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.radiomayday.co.uk Radio Mayday]
| [[Mayday Hospital]], [[Croydon]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [[Radio Medica]]
| [[Goole and District Hospital]], [[Goole]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiomedway.co.uk Hospital Radio Medway]
| [[Medway Maritime Hospital]], [[Gillingham]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.meridianradio.co.uk Meridian Radio]
| [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.mkhrs.org.uk/ Milton Keynes Hospital Radio Service]
| [[Milton Keynes General Hospital]], [[Milton Keynes]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.mdr.org.uk Mid Downs Hospital Radio]
| [[The Princess Royal Hospital]], [[Haywards Heath]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.millsideradio.co.uk Millside Hospital Radio]
| [[King's Mill Hospital]], [[Sutton-in-Ashfield]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.myradio.co.uk MY Radio]
| [[Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust]]
|
|-
| [http://nhsound.supanet.com NH Sound]
| [[Nevill Hall Hospital]], [[Abergavenny]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radionightingale.org.uk Radio Nightingale]
| [[Rotherham District General Hospital]], [[Rotherham]]
| 945 and 1350 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.northernair.org.uk Northern Air]
| [[North Manchester General Hospital]], [[Manchester]] and [[Salford Royal Hospital]], [[City of Salford|Salford]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.rnk.org.uk Radio North Kent]
| [[Gravesend and North Kent Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radionorthtees.co.uk Radio North Tees]
| [[University Hospital of North Tees]], [[Stockton-on-Tees]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.radionorthwickpark.org Radio Northwick Park]
| [[Northwick Park Hospital]], [[Harrow, London|Harrow]]
| Hospedia and online at www.radionorthwickpark.org
|-
| [http://www.nhradio.org.uk NHR (Nottingham Hospitals' Radio)]
| [[Queen's Medical Centre]], and [[Nottingham City Hospital]], [[Nottingham]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioperth.org.uk Hospital Radio Perth]
| [[Perth Royal Infirmary]] and [[Murray Royal Hospital]], [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.phoenixhospitalradio.com Phoenix Hospital Radio]
| [[Queen's Hospital, Burton Upon Trent]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.pilgrimhospitalradio.co.uk Pilgrim Hospital Radio]
| [[Pilgrim Hospital]], [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioplymouth.org.uk Hospital Radio Plymouth]
| [[Derriford Hospital Plymouth]] and [[Royal Eye Infirmary]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM, Hospedia and Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.qahospitalradio.co.uk QA Radio]
| [[Queen Alexandra Hospital]], [[Portsmouth]]
| Hospedia Channel 45
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioreading.org.uk Hospital Radio Reading]
| [[Royal Berkshire Hospital]] and [[Battle Hospital]], [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]
| Hospedia Channel 45
|-
| [http://www.reddotradio.co.uk Red Dot Radio]
| [[Western General Hospital]], [[Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh]], [[Royal Victoria Hospital]] and [[Corstorphine Hospital]], [[Edinburgh]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.radioredhill.co.uk Radio Redhill]
| [[East Surrey Hospital]], [[Redhill, Surrey]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.ridgewayradio.org.uk Ridgeway Radio]
| [[Dorset County Hospital]], [[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.rochvalleyradio.org.uk Roch Valley Radio]
| [[Fairfield General Hospital]], [[Rochdale Infirmary]] and [[Springhill Hospice]], [[Rochdale]]
| Hospedia and online at www.rochvalleyradio.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.rookwoodsound.co.uk Rookwood Sound]
| [[Rookwood Hospital]], [[Cardiff]] and [[University Hospital, Llandough]]
| 945 AM - LPAM (Rookwood Hospital) and Channel 1/A (University Hospital, Llandough)
|-
| [http://www.radioroyal.co.uk Radio Royal (Bradford)]
| [[Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]], [[Bradford]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radioroyal.org Radio Royal (Falkirk)]
| [[Falkirk & District Royal Infirmary]] and [[Stirling Royal Infirmary]]
| 1278 AM - LPAM (Falkirk), Channel 6 (Stirling)
|-
| [http://www.royal1radio.org.uk Royal 1 Radio]
| [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary]]
|
|-
| [http://www.rugbyhospitalradio.org Rugby Hospital Radio]
| [[St. Cross Hospital]], [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radiosthelier.co.uk Radio St. Helier]
| [[St. Helier Hospital]], [[Carshalton]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [[Sandwell Hospital Radio]]
| [[Sandwell District Hospital]], [[Rowley Regis Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.shronline.co.uk Scunthorpe Hospital Radio]
| [[Scunthorpe General Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.seasidehr.com Seaside Hospital Radio]
| [[Worthing Hospital]] and [[Southlands Hospital]], [[Shoreham-by-Sea]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.communigate.co.uk/ne/radioskerne/index.phtml Radio Skerne]
| [[Darlington Memorial Hospital]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hrst.co.uk Hospital Radio South Tyneside]
| [[South Tyneside District Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.sohba.org Southampton HBA]
| [[Southampton General Hospital]], [[Princess Anne Hospital]] and [[Royal South Hampshire Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 25
|-
| [http://www.southendhospitalradio.co.uk Southend Hospital Radio]
| [[Southend University Hospital]]
| Premier Bedside Channel 8 or 9
|-
| [http://www.radiosunderland.co.uk Radio Sunderland]
| [[Royal Hospital]], [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.sunshinehospitalradio.co.uk Sunshine Hospital Radio]
| [[Weston General Hospital]], [[Weston-super-Mare]]
| Telecall Channel 7
|-
| [http://www.radiocityswansea.co.uk Radio City 1386AM]
| [[Singleton Hospital]], [[Swansea]]
| 1386 AM - LPAM, Channel 4 or Channel 12
|-
| [http://www.hbs.org.uk The Hospital Broadcasting Service]
| [[Drumchapel Hospital]], [[Gartnavel General Hospital]], [[Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital]], [[Western Infirmary]], [[Beatson Oncology Centre]], [[Blawarthill Hospital]], [[Royal Alexandra Hospital (Paisley)]]
| Easyview Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.trustam.com Trust AM]
| [[Doncaster Royal Infirmary]], [[Doncaster]], [[Bassetlaw District General Hospital]], [[Worksop]]
| 1278 AM - LPAM (Bassetlaw) and Premier Bedside
|-
| [http://www.hrtw.org.uk Hospital Radio Tunbridge Wells]
| [[Kent & Sussex Hospital]], [[Tunbridge Wells]]; [[Pembury Hospital]], [[Pembury]]; [[Tonbridge Cottage Hospital]], [[Tonbridge]]
| Online at www.hrtw.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.radiotyneside.co.uk Radio Tyneside]
| [[Newcastle General Hospital]], [[Royal Victoria Hospital]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] and [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital]], [[Gateshead]]
| 1575 AM - LPAM, Hospedia and online at www.radiotyneside.co.uk
|-
| [http://www.victoriainfirmaryradio.co.uk Victoria Infirmary Radio]
| [[Victoria Infirmary]], [[Glasgow]]
| Channel 1 (VIR Extra on Channel 2 with live football and Sunday church service)
|-
| [http://www.vrn1287.com Victoria Radio Network]
| [[Victoria Hospital]], [[Forth Park Hospital]] and [[Victoria Hospice]], [[Kirkcaldy]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM and Channel 3
|-
| [http://www.walsall-hr.co.uk Walsall Hospital Radio]
| [[Walsall Manor Hospital]], [[Walsall]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.radiowarneford.com Radio Warneford]
| [[Warwick Hospital]], [[Warwick]]
| Premier Bedside and Channel 5
|-
| [http://www.watfordhospitalradio.com Watford Hospital Radio]
| [[Watford General Hospital]]
| Hospicom and online at www.watfordhospitalradio.com
|-
| [http://www.wcrfm.org.uk WCR Community Radio]
| Warminster, Westbury and Frome Hospitals
| Online at www.wcrfm.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.radiowestfife.org.uk Radio West Fife]
| [[Queen Margaret Hospital]], [[Dunfermline]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiowestmiddlesex.org.uk Radio West Middlesex]
| [[West Middlesex University Hospital]], [[Isleworth]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.radiowestsuffolk.co.uk Radio West Suffolk]
| [[West Suffolk Hospital]], [[Bury St Edmunds]]
| See Community Radio listings
|-
| [http://www.radiowey.co.uk Hospital Radio Wey]
| [[St Peter's Hospital (UK)|St Peters Hospital]], [[Chertsey]]; [[Ashford Hospital]], [[Ashford, Surrey|Ashford]]; [[Weybridge Hospital]], [[Weybridge]]
| Hospicom and online at www.radiowey.co.uk
|-
| [http://www.whitechapelam.org.uk Whitechapel AM]
| [[Royal London Hospital]], [[Whitechapel]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.wxhr2.f9.co.uk Whipps Cross Hospital Radio]
| [[Whipps Cross University Hospital]], [[Leytonstone]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.withybushfm.co.uk Withybush FM]
| [[Withybush Hospital]], [[Haverfordwest]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM
|-
| [http://www.whr.org.uk Winchester Hospital Radio]
| [[Royal Hampshire County Hospital]], [[Winchester]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.woodside-radio.co.uk Woodside Radio]
| [[Newham University Hospital]], [[London]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiowulfrun.co.uk Radio Wulfrun]
| [[New Cross Hospital]], [[Wolverhampton]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioyare.com Hospital Radio Yare]
| [[Northgate Hospital]], [[Great Yarmouth]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM
|}

== Satellite radio stations ==

Stations which are broadcast to the UK via satellite

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Format
! EPG Number
! Comments
|-
|[[Akash Radio]]
|Asian station aimed at Punjabi speakers
|Sky 0168
|
|-
|[http://www.amritbani.org Amrit Bani Radio]
|Asian station aimed at Sikh listeners
|Sky 0176
|
|-
|[[Calvary Chapel Radio]]
|Christian radio station
|Sky 0156
|
|-
|[[Radio Caroline]]
|[[Classic rock]]
|Sky 0199
|
|-
|[[EWTN Radio]]
|[[Catholic religious station]]
|Sky 0147
|
|-
|[[Family Radio]]
|[[Religious station]]
|Sky 0159
|
|-
|[http://www.radiokhushkhabri.com Khush Khabri Radio]
|Asian Christian station
|Sky 0151
|Formerly Asian Gold Radio
|-
|[[Liberty Radio]]
|Easy listening and talk
|Sky 0186
|
|-
|[[Newstalk]]
|Commercial speech station
|Sky 0210
|FM 106-108 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[RTÉ Radio 1]]
|News, current affairs, sport and music
|Sky 0160, Freesat 750, Virgin 917
|FM 88.2-90.0, LW 252 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[2fm|RTÉ 2FM]]
|Pop music
|Sky 0164, Freesat 751
|FM 90.0-92.0 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta]]
|Irish language programming
|Sky 0165, Freesat 753
|FM 92.0-94.0 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[RTÉ lyric fm|RTÉ Lyric FM]]
|Classical music
|Sky 0166, Freesat 752
|FM 96.7-99.6 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[Solar Radio]]
|Soul, jazz and funk
|Sky 0129
|
|-
|[[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB Bible]]
|Bible readings
|Sky 0134
|
|-
|[[World Radio Network|WRN Europe]]
|Programming from international broadcasters
|Sky 0122, Freesat 728, Virgin 920
|-
|}

== Other ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
|-
| [http://www.bfbs-radio.com/index BFBS Gurkha Radio]
| LPAM in UK
| 1134 AM [[Bramcote, Warwickshire|Bramcote]], 1134 AM [[Sandhurst]], 1251 AM [[York]] 1278 AM [[Shorncliffe, Kent|Shorncliffe]], 1287 AM [[Maidstone]], 1287 AM [[Brecon]]
|-
| [http://www.bfbs-radio.com/index BFBS Radio 2]
| Online in UK
|
|-
| [[Radio Knockhill]]
| [[Knockhill Race Circuit]], [[Dunfermline]]
| 1602 AM - LPAM (motor sport meetings only)
|-
| [[Nitro FM]]
| [[Santa Pod Raceway]], [[Northamptonshire]]
| 96.2 FM - LPFM (motor sport meetings only)
|-
| [[Radio Rovers]]
| [[Blackburn Rovers FC]], [[Blackburn]]
| 1404 AM - LPAM (home matchdays only)
|-
| [[Radio Silverstone]]
| [[Silverstone Race Circuit]], [[Northamptonshire]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM (motor sport meetings only)
|-
| [[60 North FM]]
| [[Shetland Islands]] Tourist Radio
| 87.7 FM - Six LPFM transmitters
|-
| [[Sout al Khaleej]]
| [[London]]
| 12A DAB (available on 100.8 FM in Doha, Qatar)
|}

== Frequencies ==
To conserve space in the listings, the waveband has not been listed after each frequency, however they are easy to tell apart.

* Whole numbers always refer to a kHz (AM) frequency - i.e. 999 = 999 kHz
* Decimal numbers always refer to a MHz (FM) frequency - i.e. 96.2 = 96.2 MHz
* A number and letter combination refers to a DAB channel - i.e. 12C = frequency block 12C on 227.360 MHz

== See also ==
*[[Radio in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Digital radio in the United Kingdom]]
*[[List of British television channels]]
*[[List of Celtic language media]]
*[[Radio Academy]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.reciva.com Reciva] World leading stations aggregator.
*[http://www.mwcircle.org/mcd.htm#long UK and Ireland LW and MW Transmitters] - full data on every transmitter in UK & Ireland operating on low and medium frequencies (update Nov 2006).
*[http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/ RadioToday.co.uk] Daily radio news from the UK [[Radio industry|Radio Industry]] featuring Ofcom licence awards and breaking news.
*[http://www.online-radio-stations.org/ UK online radio stations list]
*[http://www.mediauk.com/radio/ Media UK's radio directory] details all radio stations broadcasting in the United Kingdom.
*[http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/ RadioFeeds UK] has an easy-to-use and up-to-date list of links to all radio stations in the United Kingdom also broadcasting on the Internet.
*[http://www.rab.co.uk/rab2009/showCategories.aspx?catid=314 Radio Advertising Bureau] - Coverage maps of many UK commercial radio stations (mapping provided by Beacon Dodsworth Ltd). (IE for Windows only)
*[http://www.radiosgalore.co.uk Radiosgalore] Wiki Based radio directory Covering FM/MW, DAB, [[Community radio|Community Radio]] and more

{{List of radio stations in Europe}}

{{London radio}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Radio Stations In The United Kingdom}}
[[Category:Lists of radio stations|United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in the United Kingdom| ]]
[[Category:British radio-related lists|Stations]]

Template:Student radio in the United Kingdom

2010-11-25T21:04:22Z

Matthuxtable: Acorn FM at NDC is now Fresh FM, updated link

{{navbox
|name = Student Radio in the UK
|title = Student radio in the UK
|titlestyle = background:lightsteelblue;
|state = uncollapsed
|group1 = Student radio stations
|list1 =<div>
[[1449AM URB]]{{·}}
[[Air3]]{{·}}
[[Bailrigg FM]]{{·}}
[[BurnFM.com]]{{·}}
[[Burst Radio]]{{·}}
[[Crush radio|CRUSH]]{{·}}
[[CSR 97.4FM]]{{·}}
[[CUR1350]]{{·}}
[[Demon FM]]{{·}}
[[Fresh Air (Edinburgh)|Fresh Air]]{{·}}
[[Fresh FM (Petroc)]]{{·}}
[[Fuse FM]]{{·}}
[[GU2 Radio|GU2]]{{·}}
[[Insanity (radio)|Insanity]]{{·}}
[[Jam Radio]]{{·}}
[[Kube Radio]]{{·}}
[[LSRfm.com]]{{·}}
[[Livewire (radio)]]{{·}}
[[One Media (OMG)]]{{·}}
[[Oxide Radio]]{{·}}
[[PURE:FM]]{{·}}
[[Pulse Radio]]{{·}}
[[Purple Radio]]{{·}}
[[Queen's Radio]]{{·}}
[[University_of_Bradford_Union#RamAir|RamAir]]{{·}}
[[RED - 1404 AM|RED]]{{·}}
[[Radio Brunel]]{{·}}
[[Radio LaB]]{{·}}
[[Radio Warwick]]{{·}}
[[Rare FM]]{{·}}
[[Siren FM]]{{·}}
[[Smoke Radio]]{{·}}
[[Spark FM]]{{·}}
[[Storm FM]]{{·}}
[[Subcity Radio]]{{·}}
[[Surge (radio station)|Surge]]{{·}}
[[Tone Radio]]{{·}}
[[UKC Radio]]{{·}}
[[University Radio Essex]]{{·}}
[[University Radio Falmer]]{{·}}
[[University Radio Nottingham]]{{·}}
[[University Radio York]]{{·}}
[[Xpress Radio]]{{·}}
[[Xpression FM]]{{·}}
[[Xtreme Radio]]
</div>

|group2 = Student radio organisations
|list2 =<div>
[[Student Radio Association]]{{·}}
[[Radio Academy]]{{·}}
[[Student Broadcast Network]]{{·}}
[[Student Radio Awards]]
</div>
}}

List of radio stations in the United Kingdom

2010-11-25T21:03:23Z

Matthuxtable: /* Student and schools radio */ Acorn FM is now Fresh FM, establishment name also NDC -> Petroc

{{unreferenced|date=October 2010}}
This is a list of [[radio station]]s in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Channel Islands]] and the [[Isle of Man]]:

== National analogue and digital stations ==
''This list does not include stations which broadcast on numerous local digital multiplexes or MW licences to achieve near-national coverage''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Format
! FM Frequencies
! AM Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Freeview
! Freesat
! Sky
! Virgin
|-
| [[Absolute Radio]]
| adult-orientated pop/rock music
| 105.8 FM (London)
| 1197, 1215, 1233, 1242, 1260 MW
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
| 727
| 724
| 0107
| 915
|-
| [[Absolute 80s]]
| Music from the 1980s
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
| 726
| 0200
| 951
|-
|-
| [[Absolute Radio 90s]]
| Music from the 1990s
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) Broadcasts as [[Absolute Radio Extra]] on DAB on Saturdays 1330-1830 with Premier League football commentary
|
|
| 0203
|
|-
| [[Amazing Radio]]
| New indie, rock, jazz and pop music
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio 1]]
| youth-orientated pop music and talk
| 97.6 - 99.8 FM
|
| 12B
| 700
| 700
| 0101
| 901
|-
| [[BBC 1Xtra]]
| Urban Music, Hip Hop, Drum'n'Bass
|
|
| 12B
| 701
| 701
| 0137
| 907
|-
| [[BBC Radio 2]]
| adult-orientated pop music (classics & current) and talk
| 88.1 - 90.2 FM
|
| 12B
| 702
| 702
| 0102
| 902
|-
| [[BBC Radio 3]]
| classical and serious music, drama
| 90.2 - 92.4 FM
|
| 12B
| 703
| 703
| 0103
| 903
|-
| [[BBC Radio 4]]
| news, documentary, drama, comedy
| 92.4 - 96.1 FM 103.5 - 104.9
| 198 LW 720 MW in London plus Plymouth 774, Hayle (Cornwall) 756, Newcastle 603, Carlisle 1495, Aberdeen 1449, Enniskillen 774, Derry 720 and Glasgow 720.
| 12B
| 704
| 704 (FM) 710 (LW)
| 0104 (FM) 0143 (LW)
| 904 (FM) 911 (LW)
|-
| [[BBC Radio 5 Live]]
| news and sport
|
| 909 MW, 693, 990
| 12B
| 705
| 705
| 0105
| 905
|-
| [[BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra]]
| extended coverage of sporting fixtures
|
|
| 12B
| 706
| 706
| 0144
| 908
|-
| [[BBC 6 Music]]
| young adult-orientated music
|
|
| 12B
| 707
| 707
| 0120
| 909
|-
| [[BBC Radio 7]]
| comedy, drama and kids
|
|
| 12B
| 708
| 708
| 0131
| 910
|-
| [[BBC Asian Network]]
| news, features and music for British Asians
|
| 837 MW (Leicestershire) 1449 (Peterborough) 1458 (Birmingham & West Midlands) 828 (Wolverhampton)
| 12B
| 709
| 709
| 0119
| 912
|-
| [[BBC World Service]]
| news and features
|
| 648 MW (Southern England)
| 12B
| 710
| 711
| 0115
| 906
|-
| [[British Forces Broadcasting Service|BFBS Radio]]
| British forces radio
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) 
|
| 786
| 0211
|
|-
| [[Classic FM (UK)|Classic FM]]
| classical music
| 99.9-101.9 FM
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) 12D (Northern Ireland)
|
| 721
| 0106
| 922
|-
| [[Planet Rock (radio station)|Planet Rock]]
| Classic Rock
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
| 730
| 0110
| 924
|-
| [[Premier Christian Radio|Premier Radio]]
| Christian radio station
|
| 1305, 1332 and 1413 MW in London
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
| 725
|
| 0123
|
|-
| [[Smooth Radio|Smooth Radio UK]]
| adult-orientated pop music
| 102.2 FM in London and on FM in West Midlands, East Midlands, North West and North East England
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
| 702
|
| 0128
| 916
|-
| [[talkSPORT]]
| sport and phone-ins
|
| 1053, 1089, 1071, 1107 MW
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland) 12D (Northern Ireland)
| 723
| 731
| 0108
| 927
|-
| [[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB UK]]
| Christian radio station
|
|
| 11D (England & Wales) 12A (Scotland)
|
|
| 0125
| 914
|-
|}

== Semi-National analogue and digital stations ==

''Stations which are available nationally on Freeview and Satellite and/or broadcast on more than one local DAB multiplex.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Format
! Analogue Availability
! DAB Channels
! Freeview
! Freesat
! Sky
! Virgin
|-
| [[Absolute Classic Rock]]
| Classic Rock
| Unavailable
| London (11B)
|
| 725
| 0201
| 952
|-
| [[Absolute Radio 90s]]
| 90s music
| Unavailable
| London (12A), Bristol and Bath (11B), Reading and Basingstoke (12D), Southend and Chelmsford (12D) and Cardiff and Newport (11C)
|
|
| 0203
|
|-
| [[The Arrow (radio)|The Arrow - Rock]]
| Classic Rock
| Unavailable
| London (12A), Humberside (11B), Leeds (12D), North East (12C), North West (12C) and South Yorkshire (11C)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Chill (radio station)|Chill]]
| Chill out music
| Unavailable
| Birmingham (11C) and London (11B)
|
|
| 0174
|
|-
| [[Choice FM]]
| Hip hop and RnB
| FM in London
| London (11B), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), West Midlands (12A), and Yorkshire (12A)
|
| 720
| 0144
| 969
|-
| [[Gold (radio)|Gold]]
| Classic Hits
| See England list for local AM / DAB network
| Digital feed of Gold London available in Humberside (11B), Central Lancashire (12A), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Central Scotland (11D), South Yorkshire (11C), Tyne and Wear (11C) and Teeside (11B)
|
| 722
| 0189
| 959
|-
| [[Galaxy Digital]]
| Dance and RnB
| FM in Manchester, North East, Yorkshire, Birmingham, Central Scotland and South Coast
| '''Galaxy Digital: ''' Digital feed of Galaxy Yorkshire available in Bath and Wiltshire (11B), Cambridge (11C), Leicestershire (11B), Norwich (11B), Nottinghamshire (12C), Peterborough (12D), Reading and Basingstoke (12D), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), Southend & Chelmsford (12D) and Swindon (11C) '''Galaxy North East: ''' North East (12C) '''Galaxy Manchester: ''' North West (12C) '''Galaxy Birmingham: ''' West Midlands (12A) '''Galaxy Yorkshire: ''' Yorkshire (12A). '''Galaxy Scotland: ''' Central Scotland (11D) '''Galaxy South Coast: ''' South Hampshire (11C) plus Bournemouth (11B), Cornwall (11B), Exeter and Torbay (11C), Kent (11C), Plymouth (12A) and Sussex Coast (11B) 
|
|
| 0171
| 919
|-
| [[Gaydar Radio]]
| Dance
| Unavailable
| London (11B), Sussex Coast (11B)
|
|
| 0158
|
|-
| [[Heat Radio (Digital)|Heat Radio]]
| 80s, 90s, 00s and current pop
| Unavailable
| Ayr (11B), Birmingham (11C), Dundee and Perth (11B), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), Central Lancashire (12A), London (12C), Humberside (11B), Inverness (11B), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Northern Ireland (12D), South Yorkshire (11C), Stoke-on-Trent (12D), Swansea (12A), (Tyne and Wear (11C) and Teeside (11B)
| 714
|
|
|
|-
| [[Heart Digital]]
| 80s, 90s and Today
| See England list for local FM / DAB network
| Digital feed of [[Heart 106.2|Heart London]] on North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), Yorkshire (12A), Central Scotland (11D)
| 728
|
| 0124
| 918
|-
| [[Jazz FM (UK)|Jazz FM]]
| Jazz
| Unavailable
| London (12C), North West (12C), West Midlands (12A), Glasgow (11C)
|
| 729
| 0202
|
|-
| [[Kerrang! Radio]]
| Modern and Classic Rock and Metal
| FM in West Midlands
| '''Kerrang! Radio: '''West Midlands (12A) '''Kerrang! Digital: ''' Digital feed of Kerrang! West Midlands on Aberdeen (11C), Central Lancashire (12A), London (12A), Manchester (11C), Humberside (11B), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Central Scotland (11D), South Yorkshire (11C), Teeside (11B) and Tyne and Wear (11C) 
| 722
|
|
|
|-
| [[Kismat Radio]]
| Asian music and talk
| AM in London
| London (11B) and Bradford and Huddersfield (11B)
|
|
| 0173
|
|-
| [[Kiss 100 London|Kiss FM]]
| Dance and RnB
| FM in London, Severn Estuary and East Anglia
| '''Kiss 100: ''' London (12C) '''Kiss 101: ''' South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C) '''Kiss 105-108: ''' Peterborough (12D), Cambridgeshire (11C), Norwich (11B) '''Kiss Digital: ''' Digital feed of Kiss 100 on Bath and Wiltshire (12D), Bournemouth (11B), Bradford and Huddersfield (12B), Bristol and Bath (11B), Cornwall (11B), Coventry (12D), Exeter and Torbay (11C), Humberside (11B), Central Lancashire (12A), Leeds (12D), Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Plymouth (12A), Reading and Basingstoke (12D), South Yorkshire (11C), Swindon (11C), Teeside (11B), Tyne and Wear (11C) and Wolverhampton (11B) 
| 713
|
| 0178
| 963
|-
| [[LBC|LBC 97.3]]
| News & Talk
| FM in London
| Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0177
| 973
|-
| [[Magic 105.4]]
| Soft pop music
| FM in London
| '''Magic 105.4: ''' London (12C) '''Magic Digital: ''' Digital feed of Magic 105.4 available in Aberdeen (11C), Ayr (11B), Birmingham (11C), Cambridge (11C), Dundee and Perth (11B), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), Kent (11C), Northern Ireland (12D), Norwich (11B), Peterborough (12D), Stoke-on-Trent (12D), Sussex Coast (11B) and Swansea (12A)
|
| 715
| 0180
| 928
|-
| [[NME Radio]]
| Indie music
| Unavailable
| Cardiff and Newport (11C)
|
|
| 0184
|
|-
| [[Passion for the Planet]]
| Music, health, environmental and world news
| Unavailable
| Bristol and Bath (11B), Bath and Wiltshire (12D), Exeter & Torbay (11C), Peterborough (12D), Southend and Chelmsford (12D) and Swindon (11C)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Panjab Radio]]
| Asian radio station aimed at Punjabi speakers
| Unavailable
| 11B (London), 12A (West Midlands), 11B (Bradford and Huddersfield)
|
|
| 0130
|
|-
| [[Punjabi Radio]]
| Asian radio station aimed at Punjabi speakers
| Unavailable
| Coventry (12D), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), London (12A) and Wolverhampton(11B)
|
|
| 0187
|
|-
| [[Real Radio]]
| 80s, 90s and Today
| FM in North East England, North West England, Central Scotland, South Wales and Yorkshire
| North East England (12C), North West England (12C), Central Scotland (11D), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0146 (South Wales)
|
|-
| [[106.1_Rock_Radio|Rock Radio]]
| Classic rock
| FM in Manchester
| North East England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Sunrise Radio]]
| Asian radio station
| AM in London
| Birmingham (11C), Coventry (12D), Edinburgh (12D), Glasgow (11C), London (12C) and Wolverhampton (11B)
|
|
| 0133
|
|-
| [[Traffic Radio]]
| Travel News
| 1386 AM - LPAM at [[National Exhibition Centre|NEC]], Birmingham
| '''London:''' London (12C) '''North East: ''' Bradford and Huddersfield (11B), South Yorkshire (11C), Tyne and Wear (11C), Teeside (11B), Leeds (12D), Humberside (11B) '''North West: ''' Liverpool (11B), Manchester (11C), Central Lancashire (12A) '''Midlands: ''' Wolverhampton (11B), Coventry (12D), Leicester (11B), Nottingham (12C), Birmingham (11C) '''South and South East: ''' Reading and Basingstoke (12D), Sussex Coast (11B), Norwich (11B), Kent (11C), South Hampshire (11C), Southend and Chelmsford (12D), Cambridge (11C), Peterborough (12D) ''' South West: ''' Swindon (11C), Wiltshire (12D), Bristol and Bath (11B), Bournemouth (11B), Exeter and Torbay (11C), Cornwall (11B)
|
|
|
|-
| [[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB Gospel]]
| Christian radio station
| Unavailable
| London (12A), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0135
|
|-
| [[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB Inspirational]]
| Christian radio station
| Unavailable
| London (12A), North East England (12C), North West England (12C), South Wales and Severn Estuary (12C), Stoke-on-Trent (12D), West Midlands (12A) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
|
| 0136
|
|-
| [[Xfm|XFM]]
| Indie & Rock
| FM in London and Manchester
| '''XFM London: ''' London (12C) 
'''XFM Manchester: ''' Manchester (11C), Central Lancashire (12A) and Liverpool (11B) 
'''XFM UK: ''' Digital version of XFM London available on Birmingham (11C), Bournemouth (11B), Cambridge (11C), Cornwall (11B), Coventry (12D), Exeter/Torbay (11C), Kent (11C), Leicester (11B), Norwich (11B), Nottingham (12C), Peterborough (12D), Plymouth (12A), Reading & Basingstoke (12D), Central Scotland (11D), Southend/Chelmsford (12D), South Hampshire (11C), South Wales & Severn Estuary (12C), Sussex (11B), Swindon (11C), Teeside (11B), Tyne & Wear (11C), Wolverhampton (11B) and Yorkshire (12A)
|
| 723
| 0111
| 965
|}

''See also the analogue Magic and Gold networks in the listings below.''

== Local and regional stations ==
''Local radio stations from the BBC, in England.''
=== BBC Local Radio ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! FM Frequencies
! MW Frequencies
! DAB Channels*
|-
| [[BBC Radio Berkshire]]
| Berkshire and North Hampshire
| 104.1 (West Berkshire and North Hampshire), 104.4 (Reading & Wokingham), 95.4 (East Berkshire), 94.6 (Henley & Maidenhead)
|
| 12D
|-
| [[BBC Radio Bristol]]
| Bristol, Bath, South Gloucestershire & North Somerset
| 94.9, 104.6
| 1548
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cambridgeshire]]
| Cambridgeshire
| 95.7 (North), 96.0 (South)
| 1026 (South)
| 11C (Cambridge) 12D (Peterborough)
|-
| [[BBC Tees]] (formerly BBC Radio Cleveland)
| Teesside, County Durham and Northern North Yorkshire -
| 95.0, 95.8
|
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cornwall]]
| Cornwall and Scilly
| 95.2, 96.0, 103.9
| 630, 657
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Coventry and Warwickshire]]
| Coventry & Warwickshire
| 94.8 (Coventry), 103.7 (Warwickshire), 104.0 (Nuneaton)
|
| 12D
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cumbria]]
| Cumbria
| 95.6, 96.1, 95.2, 104.1, 104.2
| 756, 837, 1458
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Derby]]
| Derbyshire and East Staffordshire
| 104.5 (Derby and East Staffs), 95.3 (Matlock & Bakewell), 96.0 (Buxton), 94.7 (Chesterfield)
| 1116
| ''10B''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Devon]]
| Devon
| 103.4 (Countywide), 94.8 (North Devon), 95.7 (Plymouth), 95.8 (Exeter), 96.0 (Okehampton), 104.3 (South Devon)
| 801, 990, 855, 1458
| 11C (Exeter and Torbay) 12A (Plymouth)
|-
| [[BBC Essex]]
| Essex
| 95.3 (South Essex), 103.5 (North Essex)
| 729, 765, 1530
| 12D (Southend and Chelmsford)
|-
| [[BBC Radio Gloucestershire]]
| Gloucestershire
| 104.7, 95.0 (Stroud), 95.8 (Cirencester)
| 1413
| ''10C''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Guernsey]]
| Guernsey
| 93.2, 99.0
| 1116
|
|-
| [[BBC Hereford and Worcester]]
| Herefordshire and Worcestershire
| 94.7 (Herefordshire), 104.0 (Worcestershire), 104.4 (Redditch), 104.6 (Kidderminster & Wyre Forest)
| 738, 1584
| ''10B''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Humberside]]
| East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire
| 95.9
| 1485
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Jersey]]
| Jersey
| 88.8
| 1026
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Kent]]
| Kent
| 96.7 (West Kent), 97.6 (Folkestone), 104.2 (East Kent)
| 774, 1602
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Lancashire]]
| Lancashire
| 95.5 (East Lancs), 103.9 (Central Lancs and [[Fylde peninsula|the Fylde]]), 104.5 (North Lancs)
| 855 (Preston), 1557 (Lancaster)
| 12A
|-
| [[BBC Radio Leeds]]
| West Yorkshire
| 92.4, 95.3 (North Leeds), 102.7 (Keighley), 103.9 (Beecroft Hill, in Bramley)
| 774
| 12D (Leeds) 11B (Bradford and Huddersfield)
|-
| [[BBC Radio Leicester]]
| Leicestershire and Rutland
| 104.9
|
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Lincolnshire]]
| Lincolnshire
| 94.9, 104.9 (Grantham)
| 1386
| ''10D''
|-
| [[BBC London 94.9]]
| Greater London
| 94.9
|
| 12A
|-
| [[BBC Radio Manchester]]
| Greater Manchester & North Cheshire
| 95.1, 104.6 (Oldham & Tameside)
|
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Merseyside]]
| Liverpool, the Wirral & West Cheshire
| 95.8
| 1485
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Newcastle]]
| Tyneside, Wearside, Northumberland
| 95.4, 96.0, 103.7, 104.4
| 1458
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Norfolk]]
| Norfolk
| 95.1 (East), 95.6 (North), 104.4 (West)
| 855, 873
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Northampton]]
| Northamptonshire
| 104.2, 103.6 (Corby)
|
| ''10C''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Nottingham]]
| Nottinghamshire
| 95.1 (Newark-on-Trent), 95.5 (Mansfield), 103.8 (Nottingham)
| 1584 (Mansfield)
| 12C
|-
| [[BBC Oxford]]
| Oxfordshire
| 95.2
|
| ''10B''
|-
| [[BBC Radio Sheffield]]
| South Yorkshire & North Midlands
| 104.1, 88.6 (Sheffield), 94.7 (Chesterfield)
| 1035
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Shropshire]]
| Shropshire
| 96.0, 95.0 (Ludlow), 90.9 (Church Stretton), 104.1 (Clun)
|
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Radio Solent]]
| Hampshire and Isle of Wight
| 96.1
| 999
| 11C
|-
| [[BBC Radio Solent|BBC Solent for Dorset]]
| Dorset
| 103.8
| 1359
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Somerset]]
| Somerset
| 95.5
| 1566
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Stoke]]
| Mid - North Staffordshire and South Cheshire
| 94.6 (North Staffordshire & South Cheshire), 104.1 (Stafford)
| 1503
| 12D
|-
| [[BBC Radio Suffolk]]
| Suffolk
| 95.9, 103.9 (South East), 104.6 (North West), 95.5 (Lowestoft)
|
| ''5A''
|-
| [[BBC Surrey]]
| Surrey and North-East Hampshire
| 104.0 (East Surrey), 104.6 (West Surrey)
| 1368
| ''10C Guildford'' ''10B Reigate and Crawley''
|-
| [[BBC Sussex]]
| East Sussex, West Sussex
| 95.0 (Newhaven), 95.1 (Horsham), 95.3 (Brighton), 104.5 (East Sussex), 104.8 (West Sussex)
| 1161 (East Sussex), 1485 (Brighton)
| 11B
|-
| [[BBC Three Counties Radio]]
| Herts, Beds and Bucks
| 104.5 (North Bucks), 95.5 (North Beds & North Herts), 103.8 (South Beds, Mid Bucks, West Herts), 98.0 (High Wycombe), 94.7 (Aylesbury), 90.4 (Hertford), 92.1 (Hemel Hempstead)
| 630 (Luton), 1161 (Bedfordshire)
| ''10D''
|-
| [[BBC WM]]
| Birmingham, West Midlands & South Staffordshire
| 95.6
|
| 11B (Black County and Shrops) 11C (Birmingham)
|-
| [[BBC Wiltshire]]
| Wiltshire
| 103.6 (Swindon), 103.5 (South Wilts), 104.3 (West Wilts), 104.9 (Marlborough)
| 1332 (West Wilts), 1368 (Swindon)
| 12D (Wiltshire) 11C (Swindon)
|-
| [[BBC Radio York]]
| North Yorkshire
| 95.5 (Scarborough), 103.7 (North Yorkshire)and 104.3 (Northallerton)
| 666 (York), 1260 (Scarborough)
| ''10C York'' ''12D Scarborough''
|}
* DAB Channels listed in ''italic'' are not yet on air, and are unlikely to be so until 2008-2009 at the earliest.

=== BBC Regional Radio ===
''BBC radio stations serving Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are known as BBC Regional Radio''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Language
! Area
! FM Frequencies
! AM Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Freesat
|-
| [[BBC Radio Foyle]]
| English
| Derry
| 93.1
| 792
| 12D (Northern Ireland)
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Ulster]]
| English
| Northern Ireland
| 92.4 - 94.6
| 1341
| 12D
| 716
|-
| [[BBC Radio Scotland]]
| English
| Scotland
| 92.4 - 94.6
| 810, 585 (Dumfries opt out)
| 11C (West Central) 12D (East Central) 11B (Inverness) 11C (Aberdeen) 11B (Ayr) 11B (Perth and Dundee)
| 712
|-
| [[BBC Radio Orkney|BBC Radio Scotland - Orkney]]
| English
| Orkney Islands
| 93.7
|
|
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio Shetland|BBC Radio Scotland - Shetland]]
| English
| Shetland Isles
| 92.7
|
|
|
|-
| [[BBC Radio nan Gàidheal]]
| Scottish Gaelic
| Scotland
| 103.5 - 104.9
| 990
| 11D (Central) 11B (Inverness) 11C (Aberdeen) 11B (Ayr) 11B (Perth and Dundee)
| 713
|-
| [[BBC Radio Cymru]]
| Welsh
| Wales
| 92.4 - 94.6, 103.5 - 104.9
|
| 11C (Cardiff & Newport) 12A (Swansea) ''10D (Wrexham & Chester)'' ''12D (Pembrokeshire)''
| 715
|-
| [[BBC Radio Wales]]
| English
| Wales
| 93.9 - 95.9, 103.7, 103.9
| 657, 882 (main), 1125
| 11C (Cardiff & Newport) 12A (Swansea) ''10D (Wrexham & Chester)'' ''12D (Pembrokeshire)''
| 714
|}

=== Local Commercial Radio ===

(The 'name' of a local station is often ambiguous as, for example, the station known locally as 'Q103' is variously known as 'Q103 FM' or 'Cambridge's Q103' 'Cambridge's Q103 FM'. Where possible the naming used in the [[Commercial broadcasting|Commercial Radio]] Companies Association has been followed. Also, many local stations in fact now broadcast all over the UK via their [[internet]] [[web sites]].)

''Stations listed in italic have not yet commenced broadcasts''

===== England =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
|-
|[[A Plus]]
|[[Leicestershire]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[96.3 Radio Aire]]
|[[Leeds]]
|96.3 FM
|12D
|-
|[[Andover Sound]]
|[[Andover, Hampshire|Andover]]
|106.4 FM
|
|-
|[[107.8 Arrow FM]]
|[[Hastings]] and [[Bexhill-on-Sea|Bexhill]]
|107.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Ashbourne Radio]]
|[[Ashbourne, Derbyshire|Ashbourne]]
|96.7 FM, 101.8 (Wirksworth)
|
|-
|[[Asian FX]]
|[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|DAB only
|12A
|-
|[[Asian Sound]]
|East [[Lancashire]] and [[Greater Manchester]]
|963 AM (East Lancashire), 1377 (Manchester)
|11C (Manchester)
|-
|[[Atlantic FM]]
|[[Cornwall]]
|105.1 FM (East), 107.0 (West)
|
|-
|[[Touch FM (Banbury)|Banbury Sound]]
|[[Banbury]]
|107.6 FM
|
|-
|[[The Bay (radio station)|The Bay]]
|[[Morecambe Bay]]
|96.9 FM, 102.3 (Windermere), 103.2 (Kendal)
|
|-
|[[The Beach (radio station)|The Beach]]
|[[Great Yarmouth]] and [[Lowestoft]]
|103.4 FM (Lowestoft), 97.4 (Great Yarmouth)
|11B (Norwich)
|-
|[[Beacon Radio|Beacon]]
|[[Wolverhampton]], [[Shrewsbury]] and [[Telford]]
|97.2 FM (Black Country), 103.1 (Shropshire)
|11B
|-
|[[The Bee (radio station)|107 The Bee]]
|[[Blackburn]]
|107.0 FM
|
|-
|[[The Breeze 107]]
|[[South Hampshire]]
|107.8 FM (Southampton), 107.4 (Portsmouth), 107.2 (Winchester)
|11C
|-
|[[Bright 106.4 FM|Bright FM]]
|[[Burgess Hill]], [[Haywards Heath]], and [[Lewes]]
|106.4 FM, 106.8 (Lewes)
|
|-
|[[BRMB]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|96.4 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Buzz Asia]]
|[[London]]
|963 AM (London), 972 (West London) - formerly Club Asia
|
|-
|[[95.8 Capital FM]]
|London
|95.8 FM
|12C Also Sky Digital 0109, Freesat 719 and Virgin Media 958
|-
|[[Central Radio (Preston)|106.5 Central Radio]]
|[[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]], [[Leyland]] and [[Chorley]]
|106.5 FM
|
|-
|[[CFM Radio|CFM]]
|[[Cumbria]] and South West Scotland
|96.4 FM (Carlisle), 102.5 (Penrith), 102.2 (Workington), 103.4 (Whitehaven)
|
|-
|[[Chelmsford Radio]]
|[[Chelmsford]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Choice FM London|Choice FM]]
|[[London]]
|96.9 FM (South London), 107.1 (North London)
|11B Also Sky Digital 0144, Freesat 720 and Virgin Media 969
|-
|[[City Talk 105.9]]
|[[Merseyside]]
|105.9 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Radio City (Liverpool radio station)|Radio City 96.7]]
|[[Merseyside]]
|96.7 FM
|11B
|-
|[[The Coast (radio station)|The Coast]]
|[[Southern England|South Coast]]
|106.0 FM (Southampton, Portsmouth and Isle of Wight), 106.6 (Winchester), 106.6 (Bournemouth and Poole)
| 11C (South Hampshire), 11B (Bournemouth)
|-
|[[Colourful Radio]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Compass FM]]
|[[Grimsby]]
|96.4 FM
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Connect FM]]
|[[Connect 97.2 & 107.4|Kettering]]
|107.4 FM (Kettering), 97.2 (Wellingborough)
|
|-
|[[Lite FM 106.8|Peterborough]]
|106.8 FM - formerly Lite FM
|
|-
|[[County Sound Radio (1566 AM)|County Sound Radio]]
|[[Guildford]]
|1566 AM
|
|-
|[[Dearne FM]]
|[[Barnsley]]
|102.0 FM, 97.1 (Penistone)
|
|-
|[[Dee 106.3]]
|[[Chester]]
|106.3 FM
|
|-
|[[Dream 100|Dream 100 FM]]
|[[Tendring]]
|100.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Dune FM]]
|[[Southport]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[96.4 The Eagle|Eagle Radio]]
|[[Guildford]]
|96.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Exeter FM]]
|[[Exeter]]
|107.3 FM
|
|-
|[[Fire 107.6 FM|Fire Radio]]
|[[Bournemouth]]
|107.6 FM
|11B (Bournemouth), 11C (South Hampshire)
|-
|[[French Radio London]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|12A
|-
|[[Fresh Radio]]
|[[Yorkshire Dales]]
|936 AM (Yorkshire Dales), 1413 (Skipton), 1431 (Settle) 102.6 FM (Richmond), 107.1 (Ilkley, Pateley Bridge) 
|
|-
|[[Fun Kids]]
|London
|DAB only 0600-1900
|11B
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[Galaxy Radio|Galaxy]]
|[[Galaxy Birmingham|Birmingham]]
|102.2 FM
|12A (West Midlands)
|-
|[[Galaxy Manchester|Greater Manchester]]
|102.0 FM
|12C (North West)
|-
|[[Galaxy North East|North East England]]
|105.3 FM, 106.4, 105.6 (Newcastle), 105.8 (Hexham)
|12C
|-
|[[Galaxy South Coast|South Coast]]
|103.2 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Galaxy Yorkshire|Yorkshire]]
|105.1 FM, 105.6 (Bradford), 105.6 (Sheffield), 105.8 (Humberside)
|12A
|-
|[[Glide FM]]
|[[Oxford]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Gold (radio)|Gold]]
|[[UK]]
|792 AM (Bedford), 828 (Luton) 828 AM (Bournemouth) 945 AM (Eastbourne), 1323 (Brighton) 1260AM (Bristol) 1251 AM (Bury St Edmunds), 1170 (Ipswich) DAB only (Exeter and Torbay) 774 AM (Gloucestershire) 1458 AM (Manchester) 1242 AM (Medway), 603 (East Kent) 1548 AM (London) 1557 AM (Northamptonshire 1152 AM (Norwich and Great Yarmouth) 945 AM (Derby) 999 AM (Nottingham) 1332 AM (Peterborough) 1152 AM (Plymouth) 1170 AM (Portsmouth), 1557 (Southampton) 1431 AM (Reading), 1485 (Basingstoke and Andover) 1521 AM (Reigate and Crawley) 1359 AM (Chelmsford), 1431 (Southend) 1161 AM (Swindon) 936 AM (West Wiltshire) 
''Gold is a national network with local weather and travel reports on local AM and DAB frequencies
|11B (Bournemouth) 11B (Sussex Coast) 11B (Bristol and Bath) 11C (Exeter and Torbay) 11C (Manchester) 11C (Kent) 12C (London) 11B (Norwich) 12C (Nottingham) and 11B (Leicester) 12D (Peterborough) and 11C (Cambridge) 12A (Plymouth) 11C (South Hampshire) 12D (Reading) 12D (Southend & Chelmsford) 11C (Swindon) 12D (Bath & West Wiltshire) 
''NB Gold closed their AM transmitters in Exeter (666 AM) and Torbay (954 AM) on 31 August 2008 to comply with OFCOM ownership regulations''
|-
|[[Gold (radio)|Gold West Midlands]]
|[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|1152 AM (Birmingham) 990 AM (Black Country), 1017 (Shropshire) 1359 AM (Coventry)
|11C 11B 12D
|-
|[[Hallam FM]]
|[[South Yorkshire]]
|97.4 FM (Sheffield), 102.9 (Barnsley), 103.4 (Doncaster)
|11C
|-
|rowspan="16"| [[Heart Network|Heart]]
|[[Heart Cambridgeshire|Cambridgeshire]]
|97.4 FM (Newmarket & Haverhill), 102.7 (Peterborough), 103.0 (Cambridge)
|11C (Cambridge) 12D (Peterborough)
|-
|[[Heart Devon|Devon]]
|96.2 FM (Barnstaple), 96.4 (Torbay), 96.6 (Tavistock), 97.0 (Plymouth), 97.3 (Ilfracombe), 100.5 (Totnes), 100.8 (Dartmouth), 101.2 (Kingsbridge), 101.9 (Ivybridge)
|11B (Cornwall) 12A (Plymouth)
|-
|[[Heart East Anglia|East Anglia]]
|96.4 FM (Bury St Edmunds), 97.1 (Ipswich), 102.4 (Norwich)
|11B (Norwich)
|-
|[[Heart East Midlands|East Midlands]]
|106.0 FM
|11B (Leicester) 12C (Nottingham) 
|-
|[[Heart Essex (regional)|Essex]]
|96.1 FM (Colchester), 96.3 (Southend-on-Sea), 97.5 (Southend Town), 101.7 (Harlow, East Herts and West Essex), 102.6 (Chelmsford)
|12D
|-
|[[Heart Gloucestershire|Gloucestershire]]
|102.4 FM, 103.0 (Stroud)
|
|-
|[[Heart Hertfordshire|Hertfordshire]]
|96.6 FM (Watford)
|
|-
|[[Heart Home Counties|Home Counties]]
|96.6 FM (Northampton), 96.9 (Bedford), 97.6 (Herts, Beds and Bucks), 103.3 (Milton Keynes)
|
|-
|[[Heart Kent|Kent]]
|95.9 FM (Thanet), 96.1 (Ashford), 97.0 (Dover), 102.8 (East), 103.1 (Medway)
|11C
|-
|[[Heart London|London]]
|106.2 FM
|12A Also Sky 0111, Freeview 728, Virgin Media 918
|-
|[[Heart West Country|West Country]]
|96.3 FM (Bristol), 96.5 (Taunton), 97.1 (Yeovil), 102.6 (Yeovil and Taunton), 103.0 (Bath), 103.0 (Weston-Super-Mare)
|11B (Bath) 11B (Bristol) 12D (West Wilts)
|-
|[[Heart South Coast|South Coast]]
|96.7 FM (Winchester), 97.5 (Portsmouth), 102.3 (Bournemouth)
|11C (South Hampshire) 11B (Dorset)
|-
|[[Heart Sussex and Surrey|Sussex and Surrey]]
|96.9 & 103.5 FM (Brighton), 97.5 (Horsham), 102.0 (Hastings), 102.4, 102.7 (Reigate and Crawley)
|11B (Sussex Coast)
|-
|[[Heart Thames Valley|Thames Valley]]
|97.0 FM (Reading), 97.4 (Banbury), 102.6 (Oxford), 102.9, 103.4 (Henley On Thames),
|12D (Berkshire)
|-
|[[Heart West Midlands|West Midlands]]
|100.7 FM
|12A
|-
|[[Heart Wiltshire|Wiltshire]]
|96.5 FM, 97.2, 102.2
|11C (Swindon) 12D (West Wilts)
|-
|[[High Peak Radio]]
|[[Peak District]]
|103.3 FM (Whaley Bridge), 103.3 (Hope Valley), 106.4 (Buxton), 106.4 (Glossop), 106.6 (Chapel-en-le-Frith)
|
|-
|[[The Hits Radio|The Hits]]
|[[UK]]
|DTT and DAB only
|12A (London) Also Freeview 711
|-
|[[Imagine FM]]
|South [[Manchester]] and [[Cheshire]]
|104.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Isle of Wight Radio]]
|[[Isle of Wight]]
|107.0 FM, 102.0 (Ryde), 102.0 (Ventnor), 102.0 (Cowes)
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Jack FM]]
|[[106 Jack FM (Bristol)|Bristol]]
|106.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Hertbeat FM|Hertfordshire]]
|106.9 FM (Hertford, Hitchin and Letchworth) 106.7 (Stevenage)
|
|-
|[[106 Jack FM (Oxfordshire)|Oxfordshire]]
|106.8 FM, 106.4 (Bicester)
|
|-
|[[Radio Jackie]]
|[[South West London]] and North [[Surrey]]
|107.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Juice 107.2]]
|[[Brighton]]
|107.2 FM
|11B (Sussex Coast)
|-
|[[107.6 FM Juice Liverpool|Juice FM]]
|[[Liverpool]]
|107.6 FM
|
|-
|[[KCFM (FM)|KCFM]]
|[[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]
|99.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Kerrang! 105.2|Kerrang! Radio]]
|West Midlands
|105.2 FM
|12A Also Freeview 722
|-
|[[Kestrel FM]]
|[[Basingstoke]] and [[North Hampshire|N Hants]], [[East Hampshire|E Hants]], [[South West Surrey|SW Surrey]] and [[North West Sussex|NW Sussex]]
|107.6 FM (Basingstoke), 97.1 (Haslemere), 101.6 (Four Marks), 101.6 (Hindhead), 101.8 (Petersfield), 102.0 (Alton)
|
|-
|[[Key 103 FM]]
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|103.0 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Kismat Radio]]
|London
|1035 AM
|11B Also Sky 0173
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Kiss Network|Kiss]]
|[[Kiss 105-108|East Anglia]]
|106.1 FM (Norwich), 106.4 (Suffolk & Colchester), 105.6 (Cambridge), 107.7 (Peterborough)
|11B (Norwich) 11C (Cambridge) 12D (Peterborough)
|-
|[[Kiss 100 London|London]]
|100.0 FM
|12C Also Freeview 713, Sky 0178
|-
|[[Kiss 101|Severn Estuary]]
|101.0 FM (Severn Estuary), 97.2 (Bristol)
|12C (South Wales and Severn Estuary)
|-
|[[KL.FM 96.7]]
|[[Kings Lynn]]
|96.7 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="7"| [[KMFM (radio network)|KMFM]]
|[[KMFM Ashford|Ashford]]
|107.6 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM Canterbury|Canterbury]]
|106.0 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM Maidstone|Maidstone]]
|105.6 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM Medway|Medway]] Towns
|100.4 FM, 107.9
|
|-
|[[KMFM Shepway and White Cliffs Country|Shepway and Dover]]
|96.4 FM (Shepway), 106.8 (Dover)
|
|-
|[[KMFM Thanet|Thanet]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[KMFM West Kent|West Kent]]
|96.2 FM (Tonbridge), 101.6 (Sevenoaks)
|
|-
|[[KMFM Extra]]
|[[Kent]]
|DAB only
|11C
|-
|[[Lakeland Radio]]
|[[South Lakes]]
|100.1 FM (Windemere), 100.8 (Kendal)
|
|-
|[[LBC 97.3]]
|[[London]]
|97.3 FM
|12C Also Sky 0124, Virgin 973
|-
|[[LBC News 1152 AM]]
|[[London]]
|1152 AM
|11B Also Sky 0112, Virgin 919
|-
|[[Leicester Sound]]
|[[Leicestershire]] and [[Rutland]]
|105.4 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Lincs FM]]
|[[Lincolnshire]]
|102.2 FM, 96.7 (Grantham), 97.6 (Scunthorpe)
|11B (Humberside)
|-
|[[London Greek Radio]]
|[[North London]]
|103.3 FM
|
|-
|[[London Turkish Radio]]
|[[North London]]
|1584 AM
|
|-
|[[Magic 105.4]]
|[[London]]
|105.4 FM
|12A Also Freeview 715, Sky 0180
|-
|rowspan="8"| [[Magic Radio|Magic]]
|[[Magic 999|Central Lancashire]]
|999 AM
|12A
|-
|[[Piccadilly Magic 1152|Greater Manchester]]
|1152 AM
|11C
|-
|[[Magic 1161|Humberside]]
|1161 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Magic 828|Leeds]]
|828 AM
|12D
|-
|[[Magic 1548|Merseyside and North Wales]]
|1548 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Magic AM|South Yorkshire & North Midlands]]
|990 AM (Doncaster), 1305 (Barnsley), 1548 (Sheffield and Rotherham)
|11C
|-
|[[Magic 1170|Teesside]], [[North Yorkshire|North Yorks]] and [[County Durham|Co. Durham]]
|1170 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Magic 1152|Tyne and Wear]]
|1152 AM
|11C
|-
|[[Mansfield 103.2 FM]]
|[[Mansfield]]
|103.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Masti Radio]]
|[[Bradford]] and [[Huddersfield]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Mercia FM|Mercia]]
|[[Coventry]] and [[Warwickshire]]
|97.0 FM, 102.9 (Leamington)
|12D
|-
|[[Metro Radio]]
|[[Tyne and Wear]]
|97.1 FM (Newcastle), 102.6 (Alnwick), 103.0 (Fenham), 103.2 (Hexham)
|11C
|-
|[[Midwest Radio (UK)|Midwest Radio]]
|[[Somerset]] and [[Dorset]]
|105.6 FM, 106.6 (Chard and Ilminster), 96.6 (Blandford Forum), 97.4
|
|-
|[[Minster FM]]
|[[York]]
|104.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Mix 96 (Aylesbury)|Mix 96]]
|[[Aylesbury]]
|96.2 FM
|
|-
|[[My Baby Radio]]
|[[North Staffordshire]] and [[Cheshire]]
|DAB only
|12D
|-
|[[Kick FM|Newbury Sound]]
|[[Hungerford]] and [[Newbury, Berkshire|Newbury]]
|105.6 FM (Newbury), 107.4 (Hungerford)
|-
|[[North Norfolk Radio]]
|[[North Norfolk]]
|96.2 FM, 103.2 (Cromer), 103.2 (Wells next-the-Sea)
|
|-
|[[99.9 radio norwich|99.9 Radio Norwich]]
|[[Norwich]]
|99.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Star 107.7|Nova Radio]]
|[[Weston-super-Mare]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Oak FM]]
|[[Oak 107 FM|NW and SW Leicestershire]]
|107.0 FM (Loughborough), 107.9 (Nuneaton)
|''Separate Asian programming (107.0 FM) and country music programming (107.9 FM) broadcast on Sunday evenings''
|-
|[[Palm 105.5]]
|[[Torbay]]
|105.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Panjab Radio]]
|[[London]], [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]] and [[Bradford]] and [[Huddersfield]]
|DAB only
|11B (London), 12A (West Midlands), 11B (Bradford and Huddersfield) Also on Sky 0130
|-
|[[Peak FM (North Derbyshire)|Peak FM]]
|North [[Derbyshire]]
|107.4 FM (Chesterfield), 102.0 (Matlock)
|
|-
|[[Pirate FM 102]]
|[[Cornwall]]
|102.2 FM (East), 102.8 (West)
|11B
|-
|[[Radio Plymouth]]
|[[Plymouth]]
|106.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Polish Radio London]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Premier Christian Radio|Premier Gospel]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B
|-
|[[Premier Christian Radio|Premier Radio]]
|[[London]]
|1332 AM (Central London), 1305 (North and South London), 1413 (East and West London)
|Also on Digital One DAB, Sky 0123 and Freeview 725
|-
|[[The Pulse of West Yorkshire]]
|[[Bradford]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], and [[Huddersfield]]
|97.5 FM (Bradford), 102.5 (Halifax and Huddersfield)
|11B
|-
|[[Pulse Two]]
|[[Bradford]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]] and [[Huddersfield]]
|1278 AM (Bradford), 1530 (Halifax and Huddersfield)
|11B
|-
|[[Q Radio]]
|[[UK]]
|DTT only
|Freeview 716
|-
|[[Rainbow Radio]]
|[[London]]
|DAB only
|11B (London) Also Sky 0207
|-
|[[RAM FM]]
|[[Derby]]
|102.8 FM
|
|-
|[[Reading 107 FM]]
|[[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]
|107.0 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Real Radio]]
|[[100-102 Century FM|North East England]]
|100.7 FM (Teeside), 101.8 (Newcastle), 96.4 (Hexham), 96.2 (Fenham)
|12C
|-
|[[Real Radio (Yorkshire)|Yorkshire]]
|106.2 FM (South West Yorkshire), 107.6 (Bradford), 107.7 (Sheffield)
|12A
|-
|[[Real Radio (North West)|North West England]]
|105.4 FM
|12C
|-
|[[The Revolution (radio station)|The Revolution]]
|[[Oldham]]
|96.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Ridings FM]]
|[[Wakefield]]
|106.8 FM
|12D (Leeds)
|-
|[[97.4 Rock FM]]
|[[Central Lancashire]]
|97.4 FM
|12A
|-
|[[106.1 Rock Radio]]
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|106.1 FM
|12C (North East)
|-
|[[Rother FM]]
|[[Rotherham]]
|96.1 FM
|
|-
|[[107.1 Rugby FM]]
|[[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]]
|107.1 FM
|
|-
|[[Rutland Radio]]
|[[Rutland]]
|107.2 FM, 97.4 (Stamford)
|
|-
|[[Sabras Sound]]
|[[Leicester]]
|1260 AM
|11B
|-
|[[Sanjhi Awaz Radio]]
|[[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]]
|DAB only
|12A
|-
|[[The Severn]]
|[[Shropshire]]
|106.5 FM (Shrewsbury), 107.1 (North Shropshire), 107.4 (Telford and Wrekin)
|
|-
|[[Signal 1]]
|[[North Staffordshire]] and [[Cheshire]]
|102.6 FM, 96.9 (Stafford), 96.4 (Cheshire)
|12D
|-
|[[Signal 2]]
|[[North Staffordshire]] and [[Cheshire]]
|1170 AM
|12D
|-
|[[106.9 Silk FM]]
|[[Macclesfield]]
|106.9 FM
|
|-
|[[Smash Hits Radio]]
|[[UK]]
|DTT only
|Freeview 712
|-
|[[Smooth Radio|Smooth Radio UK]]
|[[UK]] ''Regional news, weather and travel reports broadcast on FM and regional DAB multiplexes in West Midlands, East Midlands, North East England and North West England''
|102.2 FM (London) 105.7 (West Midlands) 106.6 (East Midlands), 101.4 (Derby) 100.4 (North West England) 97.5 (North East England), 101.2 (Hexham), 107.5 (Newcastle), 107.7 (Teeside)
| 12A (West Midlands) 12C (Nottingham) 12C (North West England) 12C (North East England Also Sky 0128, Virgin Media 916, Freeview 718
|-
|[[Southend Radio]]
|[[Southend]]
|105.1 FM
|
|-
|[[Sovereign Radio|Sovereign FM]]
|[[Eastbourne]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Spectrum Radio]]
|Spectrum Radio (AM)
|AM 558 (London)
|
|-
|Spectrum Radio (DAB)
|DAB (London)
|12A
|-
|Spectrum Radio (SKY)
|Sky Digital
|Sky 0185
|-
|[[Spire FM]]
|[[Salisbury]]
|102.0 FM
|
|-
|[[Spirit FM]]
|[[West Sussex]]
|96.6 FM (Chichester), 102.3 (Littlehampton), 106.6 (Midhurst),
|
|-
|[[Splash FM]]
|[[Worthing]], [[West Sussex]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[Star 107.2]]
|[[Bristol]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Star Radio (Cambridge and Ely)|Star Radio 107.9/1]]
|[[Cambridge]] and [[Ely, Cambridgeshire|Ely]]
|107.9 FM (Cambridge), 107.1 (Ely)
|
|-
|[[Star Radio North East]]
|[[Durham]] and [[North Yorkshire]]
|103.2 FM (Darlington), 102.8 (Burnhope), 106.8 (Brusselton), 103.5 (Northallerton), 102.3 (Thirsk)
|
|-
|[[97.2 Stray FM]]
|[[Harrogate]]
|97.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Sun FM]]
|[[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
|103.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Sunrise FM|Sunrise Radio Yorkshire]]
|[[Bradford]]
|103.2 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Sunrise Radio]]
|London
|1458 AM
|12C Also Sky 0133
|-
|[[Sunshine 855|Sunshine Radio (AM)]]
|[[Ludlow]]
|855 AM

|[[Swindon 105.5|Community Radio Swindon]]
|Swindon, Wiltshire
|105.5
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Sunshine Radio|Sunshine Radio (FM)]]
|[[Sunshine Radio (Herefordshire)|Herefordshire]]
|106.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Sunshine Radio (Monmouthshire)|Monmouthshire]]
|107.0 FM (Monmouth), 107.8 (Abergavenny)
|
|-
|[[TFM Radio]]
|[[Teesside]]
|96.6 FM
|11B
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Time FM]]
|[[Time 107.5|Havering]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Time 106.6|Slough]]
|106.6 FM
|
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[TotalStar]]
|[[TotalStar Bath|Bath]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar 107.5|Cheltenham]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar Swindon|Swindon]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar Warminster|Warminster]]
|107.5 FM
|
|-
|[[TotalStar Somerset|Somerset]]
|102.4 FM (West Somerset), 100.8 (Porlock), 107.4 (Bridgwater)
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Touch FM]]
|[[Touch FM (Coventry)|Coventry]]
|96.2 FM
|12D
|-
|[[Touch FM (Staffs)|South East Staffordshire]]
|101.6 FM (Tamworth), 102.4 (Burton-upon-Trent)
|
|-
|[[Touch FM (Stratford)|Warwickshire]]
|102.0 FM, 107.3 (Warwick)
|
|-
|[[Tower FM]]
|[[Bolton]] and [[Bury]]
|107.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Town FM]]
|Ipswich
|102.0 FM
|
|-
|[[Trans World Radio]]
|[[North West England]]
|DAB only
|12C Also Sky 0138, Freesat 790
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Trax FM]]
|[[Doncaster]]
|107.1 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Bassetlaw]]
|107.9 FM
|
|-
|[[96 Trent FM]]
|[[Nottingham]] and [[Mansfield]]
|96.2 FM, 96.5 (Mansfield)
|
|-
|[[2BR]]
|[[Burnley]]
|99.8 FM
|
|-
|[[96.9 Viking FM]]
|[[Humberside]]
|96.9 FM
|11B
|-
|[[Radio Wave 96.5]]
|[[Blackpool]] and [[Fylde peninsula|the Fylde]]
|96.5 FM
|
|-
|[[Wave 105]]
|[[Solent]] and [[Isle of Wight]]
|105.2 FM, 105.8 (Poole)
|11B (Bournemouth) 11C (South Hampshire)
|-
|[[Wessex FM]]
|[[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]] and [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]]
|96.0 FM (Bridpoint), 97.2
|
|-
|[[107.2 Wire FM]]
|[[Warrington]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Wish FM]]
|[[Wigan]] and [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]]
|102.4 FM
|
|-
|[[107.7 The Wolf]]
|[[Wolverhampton]]
|107.7 FM
|
|-
|[[The Wyre]]
|[[Kidderminster]]
|107.2 FM
|
|-
|[[Wyvern FM]]
|[[Herefordshire]] and [[Worcestershire]]
|96.7 FM (Kidderminster), 97.6 (Hereford), 102.8 (Worcester)
|
|-
|[[Xfm London]]
|London
|104.9 FM
|12C
|-
|[[Xfm Manchester]]
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|97.7 FM
|11C
|-
|[[Radio XL]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|1296 AM
|11C
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]]
|[[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]] and [[Whitby]]
|96.2 FM, 103.1 (Whitby)
|
|-
|[[Bridlington]]
|102.4 FM
|
|-
|[[Yorkshire Radio]]
|Yorkshire
|DAB only
|12A Also Sky 0209
|}

===== Former English stations =====

This list details radio stations which have lost their licence to broadcast or have closed down due to financial reasons

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Notes
|-
|Airport Information Radio
|[[Heathrow Airport]] and [[Gatwick Airport]]
|1584 AM
|
|Both stations closed in June 1991 after just one year on air
|-
|[[Abbey FM]]
|[[Barrow in Furness]]
|107.3 FM
|
|Station put into administration on 30 January 2009
|-
|[[Buzz FM]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|102.4 FM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Galaxy Birmingham|Choice FM 102.2]] on 1 January 1995
|-
|[[Centre Radio]]
|[[Leicestershire]]
|97.1 FM and 1260 AM
|
|Ceased trading and closed on 6 October 1983
|-
|[[Channel Travel Radio]]
|[[Kent]] channel ports
|107.6 FM
|
|Licence returned to the Radio Authority on 28 September 2000
|-
|[[Devonair Radio]]
|[[Exeter]] and [[Torquay]]
|666/954 AM and 97.0/96.4 FM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Gemini Radio]] on 1 January 1995
|-
|[[Fen Radio 107.5]]
|[[Wisbech]]
|107.5 FM
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 31 July 2008
|-
|[[Liberty Radio]]
|[[London]]
|963/972 AM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Club Asia]] on 3 July 2003
|-
|[[Mersey 106.7]]
|[[Liverpool]]
|106.7 FM
|
|Licence revoked by Ofcom on 1 April 2009
|-
|[[Mix 107]]
|[[High Wycombe]]
|107.4 FM, 107.7
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 1 July 2009
|-
|[[Pennine FM]]
|[[Huddersfield]]
|107.9 FM
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 5 April 2010
|-
|[[Radio Victory]]
|[[Portsmouth]]
|95.0 FM and 1170 AM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Ocean Sound]] on 28 June 1986
|-
|[[Star 107.9]]
|[[Stroud]]
|107.9 FM
|
|Licence returned to Ofcom on 29 September 2006
|-
|[[Sunset Radio]]
|[[Manchester]]
|102.0 FM
|
|Station went into liquidation in October 1993
|-
|[[Sunrise Radio|Sunrise Radio East Midlands]]
|[[Leicestershire]]
|1260 AM
|
|Lost licence and was replaced by [[Sabras Radio]] on 7 September 1995
|-
|[[Sunshine 1530]]
|[[Worcestershire]]
|1530 AM
|
|Closed on 6 April 2010 following problem with transfer of broadcast licence
|-
|[[Time 107.3|South 107.3]]
|[[Lewisham]]
|107.3 FM
|
|Closed down on 3 April 2009
|-
|[[Time 106.8]]
|[[Thamesmead]]
|106.8 FM
|
|Closed down on 3 April 2009
|-
|}

===== Northern Ireland =====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Freeview
|-
| [[Belfast CityBeat|CityBeat]]
| Belfast
| 96.7 FM (Greater Belfast) 102.5 (North Down and Ards)
| 12D
|
|-
| [[Cool FM]]
| Belfast
| 97.4 FM
| 12D
|
|-
| [[Downtown Radio]]
| Northern Ireland
| 1026 AM (Belfast) 96.4 FM (Limavady), 96.6 (Omagh and Enniskillen), 97.1 (Larne), 102.3 (Ballymena), 102.4 (Derry), 103.1 (South Newry),103.4 (Newcastle)
| 12D
|
|-
|-
| [[Five FM]]
| [[Newry]] and [[Mourne]]
| 100.5 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Q97.2|Q97.2 FM]]
| [[Coleraine]]
| 97.2 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Q101.2|Q101 West]]
| [[Omagh]] and [[Enniskillen]]
| 101.2 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Q102.9|Q102.9 FM]]
| [[Derry]]
| 102.9 FM
| 12D
|
|-
| [[Seven FM]]
| [[Ballymena]]
| 107.0 FM
|
|
|-
| [[Six FM]]
| [[Cookstown]]
| 106.0 FM, 107.2 (Dungannon)
|
|
|-
| [[U105]]
| Belfast
| 105.8 FM
|
| 726 (Northern Ireland, 0925 to 0600)
|}

===== Former Northern Irish stations =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Notes
|-
|[[Goldbeat|Goldbeat 828]]
|[[Cookstown]]
|828 AM
|
| Ceased broadcasting on 22 May 1999 and Radio Authority revoked the licence
|-
|[[Heartbeat 1521]]
|[[Craigavon]]
|1521 AM
|
| Ceased broadcasting on 22 May 1999 and Radio Authority revoked the licence
|-
|}

===== Scotland =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
|-
| [[Argyll FM]]
| [[Kintyre]], [[Mid Argyll]], [[Islay]] and [[Jura, Scotland|Jura]]
| 106.5 FM ([[Campbeltown]]), 107.1 (Islay and Jura) and 107.7 (South [[Knapdale]])
|
|-
| [[Radio Borders]]
| [[Scottish Borders|Borders]]
| 96.8 FM ([[Selkirk, Scottish Borders|Selkirk]]), 102.3 ([[Berwick-Upon-Tweed]]), 103.1 ([[Peebles]]) and 103.4 ([[Eyemouth]])
|
|-
| [[Central 103.1 FM]]
| [[Falkirk]], [[Stirling]]
| 103.1 FM
|
|-
| [[Clyde 1]]
| [[Glasgow]] and West Central Scotland
| 102.5 FM, 97.0 ([[Vale of Leven]]), 102.3 ([[Rothesay, Argyll and Bute|Rothesay]]), 103.3 ([[Firth of Clyde]])
| 11C
|-
| [[Clyde 2]]
| [[Glasgow]] and West Central Scotland
| 1152 AM
| 11C
|-
| [[Cuillin FM]]
| [[Isle of Skye|Skye]] & [[Lochalsh]]
| 102.7 FM (Skriaig), 106.2 ([[Portree]])
|-
| [[Forth One]]
| East Central Scotland
| 97.3 FM, 97.6, 102.2 (Penicuik)
| 12D
|-
| [[Forth two|Forth Two]]
| East Central Scotland
| 1548 AM
| 12D
|-
| [[Galaxy Scotland|Galaxy]]
| Central Scotland
| 105.7 FM (East), 106.1 (West)
| 11D
|-
| [[Heartland FM]]
| [[Pitlochry]] and [[Aberfeldy, Scotland|Aberfeldy]]
| 97.5 FM
| 11B (1400-1800 Mon-Thu, 1400-0000 Fri, 1730-0000 Sat, 0800-1230 Sun)
|-
| [[Isles FM]]
| [[Isle of Lewis]]
| 103.0 FM
|
|-
| [[Kingdom FM]]
| [[Fife]]
| 105.4 FM (St Andrews), 106.3 (The East Neuk), 95.2 (West Fife), 96.1 (Central & East Fife), 96.6 (Kirkcaldy)
|
|-
| [[Lochbroom FM]]
| [[Ullapool]]
| 102.2 FM (Ullapool), 96.8 (North West Scotland)
|
|-
| [[Moray Firth Radio|MFR]]
| [[Inverness]] and North East Scotland
| 97.4 FM (Inverness) 96.6 FM (Speyside) 96.7 (Fraserburgh) - Broadcasts as [[Kinnaird Radio]] from 1900-0000 102.5 (Caithness) - Broadcasts as [[Caithness FM]] from 1900-0000 102.8 (Keith) - Broadcasts as [[Keith Community Radio]] from 1900-0000
| 11B (MFR 97.4)
|-
| [[Moray Firth Radio|MFR 1107AM]]
| [[Inverness]] and North East Scotland
| 1107 AM ''Relays the above FM broadcast during the day, but offers alternative programming in the evening''
|
|-
| [[NECR]]
| [[Aberdeenshire]]
| 102.1 FM (Inverurie), 103.2 (Colpy), 97.1 (Turriff) 102.6 (Kildrummy), 106.4 (Strathdon), 97.1 (Braemar), 101.9 (Ballater)
| 11C
|-
| [[Nevis Radio]]
| [[Fort William, Scotland|Fort William]] and [[Lochaber]]
| 96.6 FM (Fort William), 102.3 (Skye and Mallaig), 102.4 (Loch Leven), 97.0 (Glencoe)
|
|-
| [[NorthSound One]]
| [[Aberdeen and North East Scotland]]
| 96.9 FM, 97.6, 103.0 (Peterhead)
| 11C
|-
| [[NorthSound Two]]
| [[Aberdeen and North East Scotland]]
| 1035 AM
| 11C
|-
| [[Oban FM]]
| [[Oban]]
| 103.3 FM ''Relays [[Clyde 2]] as a sustaining service''
|
|-
| [[Original 106 (Aberdeen)]]
| [[Aberdeen]] and North East Scotland
| 106.8 FM (North Aberdeen), 106.3 (Aberdeen City)
|
|-
| [[Perth FM]]
| [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]
| 106.6 FM
|
|-
| [[Real Radio (Scotland)|Real Radio]]
| Central Scotland
| 100.3 FM (Glasgow), 103.3 (Edinburgh), 101.1 (Rosneath)
| 11D
|-
| [[RNA FM]]
| [[Arbroath]]
| 96.6 FM, 87.7 (Brechin Infirmary)
| 11B (0730-1200 Mon-Fri, 0730-1730 Sat, 1230-1800 Sun)
|-
| [[96.3 Rock Radio]]
| [[Paisley]]
| 96.3 FM
| 11C (Glasgow) 12D (Edinburgh)
|-
| [[SIBC]]
| [[Shetland]]
| 102.2 FM, 96.2 (Bressay)
|
|-
| [[105.2 Smooth Radio]]
| [[Central Belt|Central Scotland]]
| 105.2 FM
| 11D
|-
| [[Tay FM]]
| [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] and [[Dundee]]
| 96.4 FM (Perth), 102.8 (Dundee)
| 11B
|-
| [[Tay AM]]
| [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] and [[Dundee]]
| 1584 AM (Perth), 1161 (Dundee)
| 11B
|-
| [[Two Lochs Radio]]
| [[Gairloch]] and Loch Ewe
| 106.0 FM (Gairloch), 106.6 (Loch Ewe) ''Relays [[105.2 Smooth Radio|Smooth Radio]] and [[Magic 105.4]] as a sustaining service''
|
|-
| [[Wave 102 FM]]
| [[Dundee]]
| 102.0 FM
|
|-
| [[Waves Radio]]
| [[Peterhead]] and [[Fraserburgh]]
| 101.2 FM
| 11C
|-
| [[West FM]]
| [[Ayrshire]]
| 96.7 FM, 97.5 (Girvan), 106.7 (Rothesay)
| 11B
|-
| [[West Sound]]
| [[Ayrshire]]
| 1035 AM
| 11B
|-
| [[South West Sound FM|West Sound FM]]
| [[Dumfries and Galloway]]
| 96.5 FM (Stranraer), 97.0 (Dumfries), 103.0 (Kirkcudbright)
|-
| [[YOURradio]]
| West [[Dumbartonshire]], [[Helensbrugh]], [[Lomand]] and [[Inverclyde]]
| 103.0 FM (Dumbarton), 106.9 (Helensbrugh, Lomand and Inverclyde)
|
|-
|}

===== Former Scottish stations =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Notes
|-
|[[River FM]]
|[[Livingston]]
|FM 103.4, 107.7
|
|Station closed on 29 September 2006 and licence returned to Ofcom
|-
| [[talk 107]]
| [[Edinburgh]]
| 107.0 FM
| 11D (Central Scotland)
| Station closed on 23 December 2008 and licence returned to Ofcom
|-
| [[L107]]
| [[Lanarkshire]]
| 107.9 FM, 107.5 (Cumbernauld)
|
| Station closed on 11 November 2010 and licence returned to Ofcom
|}

===== Wales =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
! Format
|-
| [[102.1 Bay Radio|Bay Radio]]
| [[Swansea]]
| 102.1 FM
|
| easy listening, adult orientated
|-
| [[106.3 Bridge FM|Bridge FM]]
| [[Bridgend]] and [[Vale of Glamorgan]]
| 106.3 FM
|
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Radio Carmarthenshire]]
| [[Carmarthenshire]]
| 97.1 FM, 97.5 (Carmarthen)
|
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Radio Ceredigion]]
| [[Ceredigion]]
| 103.3 FM (Aberystwyth), 96.6 (South East Ceredigion), 97.4 (Cardigan)
|
| adult contemporary
|-
|[[Gold Radio|Gold (Wales)]]
| [[Wales]]
| 1359 AM (Cardiff), 1305 (Newport) 1260 AM (Wrexham)
| 11C ---
| classic hits
|-
| [[Heart Cymru]]
| [[Anglesey and Gwynedd]]
| 103.0 FM (North Wales' coast)
|
| adult contemporary, female orientated
|-
| [[Heart North West and Wales]]
| [[North Wales' Coast, Wrexham and Chester]]
| 96.3 FM (North Wales' coast), 97.1 (Wirral), 103.4 (Wrexham)
|
| adult contemporary, female orientated
|-
| [[Radio Maldwyn]]
| Mid Wales
| 756 AM
|
|
|-
| [[Nation Radio]]
| [[South Wales]]
| 106.8 FM (South East Wales), 107.3 (South West Wales)
| 12C
| modern rock
|-
| [[Radio Pembrokeshire]]
| [[Pembrokeshire]]
| 102.5 FM, 107.5 (Fishguard and Tenby)
|
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Real Radio (South Wales)|Real Radio]]
| [[South Wales]]
| 105.2 FM (Carmarthenshire and Abergavenny), 105.4 (Cardiff), 105.6 (Aberdare), 105.7 (Pembrokeshire), 105.9 (Newport), 106.0 (Swansea and Carmarthen), 106.1 (Ebbw Vale), 106.2 (Fishguard)
| 12C Also Sky 0146
| adult contemporary
|-
| [[Red Dragon FM]]
| [[Cardiff]] and [[Newport]]
| 103.2 FM (Cardiff), 97.4 (Newport)
| 11C
| chart and contemporary
|-
| [[97.5 Scarlet FM|Scarlet FM]]
| [[Llanelli]]
| 97.5 FM
|
| adult contemporary
|-
|[[Sunshine Radio]]
|[[Monmouthshire]]
|See England listings for full details
|
|
|-
| [[Swansea Sound]]
| [[Swansea]]
| 1170 AM
| 12A
| classic hits, soft AC
|-
| [[The Wave 96.4 FM|The Wave]]
| [[Swansea]]
| 96.4 FM
| 12A
| chart and contemporary
|}

===== Former Welsh stations =====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Format
! Analogue Frequencies
! DAB Channels
|-
| [[Valleys Radio]]
| [[South Wales Valleys]]
| [[Hot AC]]
| 1116, 999
|
|}

===== The Channel Islands & the Isle of Man =====

''Although the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK they are served by the UK's national radio stations. Additionally services in the Channel Islands are licensed by the UK's regulator''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
|-
| [[Channel 103]]
| [[Jersey]]
| 103.7 FM
|-
| [[Energy FM (Isle of Man)|Energy FM]]
| [[Isle of Man]]
| 98.6 FM, 93.4 (North Isle Of Man), 98.4 (Ramsey), 91.2 (Laxey), 102.4 (Peel), 105.2 (Maughold)
|-
| [[Island FM]]
| [[Alderney]], [[Guernsey]] and [[Sark]]
| 104.7 FM (Guernsey), 93.7 (Alderney)
|-
| [[Manx Radio]]
| [[Isle of Man]]
| 97.2 FM (South and East), 89.0, 103.7 (North) and 1368 AM
|-
| [[3FM (Isle of Man)|3FM]]
| [[Isle of Man]]
| 104.2 (Ramsey), 104.2 (Port St. Mary), 105.0 (South and East Isle of Man), 105.6, 106.2 (Peel)
|}

== Community radio stations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! Notes
|-
|[[Academy FM (Thanet)]]
|[[Thanet]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 5 April 2010
|-
|[[Afan FM]]
|[[Neath]] and [[Port Talbot]]
| 107.9 FM (Port Talbot), 97.4 (Neath)
|On Air: 20 April 2007
|-
|[[Alive Radio]]
|[[Dumfries]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 1 September 2009
|-
|[[ALL FM]]
|South, Central and East [[Manchester]]
|96.9 FM
|On Air: 22 May 2002
|-
|[[Amber Sound FM]]
|[[Amber Valley]], [[Derbyshire]]
|107.2 FM
|On Air: 17 September 2008
|-
|[[Ambur Radio]]
|[[Walsall]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 1 August 2009
|-
|[[Angel Radio (Havant)]]
|[[Havant]], [[Hampshire]]
|101.1 FM
|On Air: February 2002
|-
|[[Angel Radio (Isle of Wight)]]
|[[Newport, Isle of Wight]]
|91.5 FM
|On Air: 24 March 2007
|-
|[[Radio Asian Fever]]
|[[Leeds]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2007
|-
|[[Asian Star]]
|[[Slough]]
|101.6 FM
|On Air: April 2007
|-
|[[Awaz FM]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|107.2 FM
|On Air: 29 April 2002
|-
|[[Life FM (Harlesden)|BANG Radio]]
|[[Harlesden]], [[London]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 16 April 2007 (formerly Life FM)
|-
|[[The Bay 102.8]]
|[[Poole]] and [[Bournemouth]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: 8 November 2008
|-
|[[BCB 106.6 FM]]
|[[Bradford]]
|106.6 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2002
|-
|[[Bristol Community FM|BCfm]]
|[[Bristol]]
|93.2 FM
|On Air: 26 March 2007
|-
|[[BCR 103.1 FM]]
|[[Sheffield]]
|103.1 FM
|On Air: 31 May 2008
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[BFBS Lisburn|BFBS Northern Ireland]]
|[[Lisburn]]
|100.6 FM
|On Air: 8 May 2006
|-
|[[Aldergrove, County Antrim|Aldergrove]] and [[Antrim, County Antrim|Antrim]]
|106.5 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2008
|-
|[[Ballykinler]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2008
|-
|[[Holywood]]
|101.0 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2008
|-
|[[Aston FM|Big City Radio]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|89.1 FM
|On Air: 1 November 2005 (formerly Aston FM)
|-
|[[Bishop FM]]
|[[Bishop Auckland]]
|105.9 FM
|On Air: 31 October 2009
|-
|[[Black Diamond FM]]
|East and Central [[Midlothian]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 21 May 2007
|-
|[[Blast 106]]
|[[Belfast]]
|106.4 FM
|On Air: 8 July 2009
|-
|[[Blyth Valley Radio]]
|[[Southwold]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 4 July 2009
|-
|[[Black Diamond FM]]
|[[Midlothian]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 21 May 2007
|-
|[[Bolton FM]]
|[[Bolton]]
|96.5 FM
|On Air: 20 June 2009
|-
|Boundary Sound
|[[Newark-on-Trent|Newark]]
|102.6 FM
|On Air: 1 January 2009
|-
|[[Branch FM]]
|[[Dewsbury]]
|101.8 FM
|On Air: 9 December 2007
|-
|[[BRFM 95.6 FM]]
|[[Isle of Sheppey]]
|95.6 FM
|On Air: 30 October 2006
|-
|[[BRfm 97.3]]
|[[Blaenau Gwent]]
|97.3 FM
|On Air: 18 October 2007
|-
|[[102.5 The 'Bridge]]
|[[Stourbridge]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 1 January 2008
|-
|[[BRO Radio]]
|[[Vale Of Glamorgan]]
|98.1 FM
|On Air: 31 March 2009
|-
|[[Bute FM]]
|[[Rothesay]]
|96.5 FM
|On Air: 15 July 2009
|-
|[[Calon FM]]
|[[Wrexham]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2008
|-
|[[Cambridge 105]]
|[[Cambridge]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 1 October 2007
|-
|[[Canalside Community Radio]]
|North East [[Cheshire]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: 4 December 2008
|-
|[[Radio Cardiff]]
|[[Cardiff]]
|98.7 FM
|On Air: 8 October 2007
|-
|[[Castledown Radio]]
|[[Tidworth]]
|104.7 FM
|On Air: 4 November 2006
|-
|[[Celtic Music Radio]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|1530 AM
|On Air: 16 January 2008
|-
|[[Cheshire FM]]
|Mid Cheshire
|92.5 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Chorley FM]]
|[[Chorley]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: 24 November 2006
|-
|[[Community Voice FM]]
|[[Middlesbrough]]
|104.5 FM
|On Air: 10 August 2009
|-
|[[Corby Radio]]
|[[Corby]]
| 96.3 FM
| On Air: 5 December 2009
|-
|[[Crescent Radio]]
|[[Rochdale]]
|97.0 FM
|On Air: 12 September 2006
|-
|rowspan="3"| [[Cross Rhythms]]
|[[Cross Rhythms City Radio|Stoke-on-Trent]]
|101.8 FM
|On Air: 28 February 2002
|-
|[[Cross Rhythms Plymouth|Plymouth]]
|96.3 FM
|On Air: 29 March 2007
|-
|[[Cross Rhythms Teesside|Stockton-on-Tees]]
|107.1 FM
|On Air: 27 April 2008
|-
|[[CSR 97.4FM]]
|[[Canterbury]]
|97.4 FM
|On Air: 4 January 2007
|-
|[[Dawn FM]]
|[[Nottingham]]
|107.6 FM
|On Air: 28 March 2006
|-
|[[Demon FM]]
|[[Leicester]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 4 May 2009
|-
|[[Desi Radio]]
|[[Southall]]
|1602 AM Also Sky 0169, DAB 11B (London)
|On Air: May 2002
|-
|[[Diversity FM]]
|[[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]]
|103.5 FM
|On Air: 10 September 2007
|-
|[[Diverse FM]]
|[[Luton]]
|102.8 FM
|On Air: April 2007
|-
|[[Down FM]]
|[[Downpatrick]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2006
|-
|[[Drive 105 (Londonderry)|Drive 105]]
|[[Derry]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 27 January 2009
|-
|[[Drystone Radio]]
|[[South Craven]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 16 January 2009
|-
|[[Dunoon Community Radio]]
|[[Dunoon]]
|97.4 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2009
|-
|[[EAVA FM]]
|[[Leicester]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 5 December 2008
|-
|[[Erewash Sound]]
|[[Ilkeston]]
|96.8 FM
|On Air: 6 March 2010
|-
|[[Express FM]]
|[[Portsmouth]]
|93.7 FM
|On Air: 13 March 2006
|-
|[[The Eye (radio station)|103 The Eye]]
|[[Melton Mowbray]]
|103.0 FM
|On Air: 1 November 2005
|-
|[[Raidió Fáilte]]
|[[Belfast]]
|107.1 FM
|On Air: 15 September 2006
|-
|[[Faza FM]]
|[[Nottingham]]
|97.1 FM
|On Air: 25 March 2002
|-
|[[Féile FM]]
|[[Belfast]]
|103.2 FM
|On Air: 1 September 2007
|-
|[[Felixstowe Radio]]
|[[Felixstowe]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 5 September 2009
|-
|[[Flame CCR]]
|[[Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|Wirral]]
|1521 AM
|On Air: 19 December 2009
|-
|[[Forest FM]]
|[[Verwood]]
|92.3 FM
|On Air: 4 July 2006
|-
|[[Future Radio]]
|[[Norwich]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 6 August 2007
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[Garrison FM]]
|[[Aldershot]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 11 December 2006
|-
|[[Catterick, North Yorkshire|Catterick]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 11 May 2006
|-
|[[Colchester]]
|107.0 FM, 1287 AM (Bassingbourn)
|On Air: 2 May 2006
|-
|[[Edinburgh]]
|98.5 FM
|On Air: 14 August 2006
|-
|[[Sailsbury Plain]]
|106.8 FM
|On Air: 11 December 2006
|-
|[[Gateway 97.8]]
|[[Basildon]]
|97.8 FM
|On Air: 28 August 2010
|-
|[[Gaydio]]
|[[Manchester]]
|88.4 FM
|On Air: 18 June 2010
|-
|[[Glastonbury FM]]
|[[Glastonbury]]
|107.1 FM
|On Air: 30 April 2009
|-
|[[Gloucester FM|GFM]]
|[[Gloucester]]
|96.6 FM
|On Air: 21 July 2006
|-
|[[Gravity FM]]
|[[Grantham]]
|97.2 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2008
|-
|[[GTFM]]
|[[Pontypridd]]
|107.9 FM
|On Air: 24 May 2002
|-
|[[Halton Community Radio]]
|[[Runcorn]]
|92.3 FM
|On Air: 8 August 2008
|-
|[[Harborough FM]]
|[[Market Harborough]]
|102.3 FM
|On Air: 5 February 2007
|-
|[[Radio Hartlepool]]
|[[Hartlepool]]
|102.4 FM
|On Air: 14 October 2008
|-
|[[Hayes FM]]
|[[Hayes]], west [[London]]
|91.8 FM
|On Air: 1 September 2007
|-
|[[Hermitage FM]]
|[[Coalville]] and [[Ashby-de-la-Zouch]]
|99.2 FM
|On Air: 14 November 2009
|-
|[[Hillz FM]]
|[[Coventry]]
|98.6 FM
|On Air: 1 June 2009
|-
|[[HCR Huntingdon Community Radio]]
|[[Huntingdon]]
|? FM
|On Air: Spring 2010
|-
|[[Indigo FM]]
|[[Kirkby Lonsdale]]
|106.6 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2008
|-
|[[Insight Radio]]
|[[Glasgow]]
|101.0 FM Also Sky 0188, Freesat 777
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Inspiration FM]]
|[[Northampton]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 24 July 2010
|-
|[[Radio Ikhlas]]
|[[Normanton, Derby City|Normanton, Derby]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 8 September 2006
|-
|[[Ipswich Community Radio]]
|Ipswich
|105.7 FM
|On Air: 15 August 2007
|-
|[[IÚR FM]]
|[[Lisburn]]
|101.4 FM
|On Air: 10 October 2007
|-
|[[Radio Jcom]]
|[[Leeds]]
|1386 AM
|On Air: 6 September 2009
|-
|[[KCC Live]]
|Knowsley
|99.8FM
|On Air: 18 June 2009
|-
|[[Kemet Radio]]
|[[Nottingham]]
|97.5 FM
|On Air: 25 January 2007
|-
|[[Leith FM]]
|[[Leith and North Edinburgh]]
|98.8 FM
|On Air: 31 March 2007
|-
|[[Lincoln City Radio]]
|[[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 19 April 2010
|-
|[[Lionheart Radio]]
|[[Alnwick]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Mearns FM]]
|[[Stonehaven & South Aberdeenshire]]
|105.7 FM (Stonehaven), 106.2 FM (Inverbervie), 107.3 FM (Laurencekirk)
|On Air: 6 June 2009
|-
|[[Meridian FM]]
|[[East Grinstead]]
|107.0 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2010
|-
|[[Moorlands Radio]]
|[[Staffordshire Moorlands]]
|103.7 FM
|On Air: 7 November 2009
|-
|[[NE1fm]]
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 8 June 2007
|-
|[[New Style Radio]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|98.7 FM
|On Air: 14 August 2002
|-
|[[North Manchester FM]]
|[[North Manchester]]
|106.6 FM
|On Air: 6 July 2009
|-
|[[NuSound Radio]]
|[[Forest Gate]], [[London]]
|92.0 FM
|On Air: 19 March 2007
|-
|[[Oldham Community Radio]]
|[[Oldham]]
|99.7 FM
|On Air: 17 March 2007
|-
|[[ON FM]]
|[[Hammersmith]], west [[London]]
|101.4 FM
|On Air: 28 May 2008
|-
|[[Peace FM]]
||[[Moss Side]], [[Manchester]]
|90.1 FM
|On Air: 1 October 2009
|-
|[[Pendle Community Radio]]
|[[Nelson, Lancashire|Nelson]]
|103.1 FM
|On Air: 28 August 2007
|-
|[[Penistone Community Radio|Penistone FM]]
|[[Penistone, South Yorkshire|Penistone]]
|95.7 FM
|On Air: 6 June 2009
|-
|[[Phoenix FM]]
|[[Brentwood, Essex|Brentwood]]
|98.0 FM
|On Air: 23 March 2007
|-
|[[Phoenix Radio (Halifax)|Phoenix Radio]]
|[[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]]
|96.7 FM
|On Air: 10 December 2007
|-
|[[Phonic FM]]
|[[Exeter, Devon|Exeter]]
|106.8 FM
|On Air: 15 February 2008
|-
|[[Preston FM]]
|[[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]]
|103.2 FM
|On Air: 6 October 2008
|-
|[[Pulse FM]]
|[[Barrhead]]
|98.4 FM
|On Air: 28 July 2009
|-
|[[Pure Radio]]
|[[Stockport]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 13 September 2007
|-
|[[Raaj FM]]
|[[West Bromwich]]
|91.3 FM
|On Air: 31 January 2009
|-
|[[Redroad FM]]
|South [[Rotherham]]
|102.4 FM
|On Air: 27 March 2010
|-
|[[Resonance FM]]
|[[London]]
|104.4 FM
|On Air: 1 May 2002
|-
|[[Radio Reverb]]
|[[Brighton]]
|97.2 FM
|On Air: 26 March 2007
|-
|[[Revival FM]]
|[[Cumbernauld]]
|100.8 FM
|On Air: 31 August 2006
|-
|[[Rossendale Radio]]
|[[Haslingden]] and [[Rawtenstall]]
|104.7 FM
|On Air: 1 May 2010
|-
|[[Saint FM (Burnham-on-Crouch)|Saint FM]]
|[[Burnham-on-Crouch]]
|94.7 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2007
|-
|[[Salford Community Radio]]
|[[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]]
|94.4 FM
|On Air: 30 September 2007
|-
|[[Radio Sandwell]]
|[[Sandwell|Sandwell, West Midlands]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 25 May 2010
|-
|[[Radio Scilly]]
|Isles of [[Scilly]]
|107.9 FM
|On Air: 3 September 2007
|-
|[[105.3 Seaside FM]]
|[[Holderness]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 5 October 2007
|-
|[[7 Waves Community Radio]]
|[[Wirral Peninsula|Wirral]]
|92.1 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2008
|-
|[[Sheffield Live!]]
|[[Sheffield]]
|93.2 FM
|On Air: 29 October 2007
|-
|[[Shine FM]]
|[[Banbridge]]
|102.4 FM
|On Air: 1 June 2007
|-
|[[shmuFM]]
|[[Aberdeen]]
|99.8 FM
|On Air: 1 October 2007
|-
|[[Siren FM]]
|[[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 11 August 2007
|-
|[[Sine FM]]
|[[Doncaster]]
|102.6 FM
|On Air: 26 September 2009
|-
|[[Skyline Community Radio]]
|[[Hedge End]] and [[Botley, Hampshire|Botley]]
|102.5 FM
|On Air: 7 January 2006
|-
|[[Somer Valley FM]]
|[[Midsomer Norton]] and [[Radstock]]
|97.5 FM
|On Air: 12 January 2009
|-
|[[Source fm|Source FM]]
|[[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]]
|96.1 FM
|On Air: 28 Feb 2009
|-
|[[Spark FM]]
|[[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
|107.0 FM
|On Air: 26 October 2009
|-
|[[Speysound Radio]]
|[[Badenock]] and [[Strathspey]]
|107.1 FM (relays [[Moray Firth Radio|MFR]] as a sustaining service)
|On Air: 4 December 2009
|-
|[[Spice FM]]
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
|98.8 FM
|On Air: 8 August 2008
|-
|[[Radio St Austell Bay]]
|[[St Austell]]
|105.6 FM
|On Air: 28 January 2008
|-
|[[Stroud FM]]
|[[Stroud]]
|107.9 FM
|On Air: 24 March 2008
|-
|[[Superstation Orkney|The Superstation]]
|[[Orkney]]
|105.4 FM
|On Air: 14 January 2008
|-
|[[Sunny Govan Radio]]
|[[Govan]]
|103.5 FM
|On Air: 28 March 2007
|-
|[[Swindon 105.5]]
|[[Swindon]]
|105.5 FM
|On Air: 15 March 2008
|-
|[[Switch Radio]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 30 April 2010
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[Takeover Radio]]
|[[Leicester]]
|103.2 FM
|On Air: 5 March 2002
|-
|[[Sutton-in-Ashfield]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 1 March 2010
|-
|[[Tameside Radio]]
|[[Tameside]]
|103.6 FM
|On Air: 30 September 2007
|-
|[[TCR FM]]
|[[Tamworth]]
|106.8 FM
|On Air: 31 October 2009
|-
|[[Radio Teesdale]]
|[[Barnard Castle]]
|105.5 FM, 102.1 (Romaldkirk)
|On Air: 29 March 2007
|-
|[[Tempo FM]]
|[[Wetherby]]
|107.4 FM
|On Air: 11 September 2006
|-
|[[10radio]]
|[[Wiveliscombe]], [[Somerset]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 2 March 2008
|-
|[[Radio Tircoed]]
|[[Tircoed]], [[Swansea]]
|106.5 FM
|On Air: 1 December 2008
|-
|[[3TFM (North Ayrshire)|3TFM]]
|[[Saltcoats]]
|103.1 FM
|On Air: 18 April 2008
|-
|[[TMCR 95.3|TMCR]]
|North East [[Doncaster]]
|95.3 FM
|On Air: 14 December 2009
|-
||[[Tudno FM]]
|[[Llandudno]]
|107.8 FM
|On Air: 12 July 2008
|-
||[[Tulip Radio]]
|[[Spalding, Lincolnshire]]
|107.5 FM
|On Air: 12 June 2009
|-
|[[Uckfield FM]]
|[[Uckfield]]
|105.0 FM
|On Air: 1 July 2010
|-
|[[Ujima Radio]]
|[[Bristol]]
|98.0 FM
|On Air: 4 July 2008
|-
|[[Radio Ummah]]
|[[Manor Park]]
|94.0 FM
|On Air: 9 November 2008
|-
|[[Unity 101]]
|[[Southampton]]
|101.1 FM
|On Air: 12 December 2005
|-
|[[Unity FM]]
|[[Birmingham]]
|93.5 FM
|On Air: 2 August 2006
|-
|[[Unity Radio]]
|[[Manchester]]
|92.8 FM
|On Air: Summer 2010
|-
|[[Radio Verulam]]
|[[St Albans]]
|92.6 FM
|On Air: 7 July 2007
|-
|[[Voice of Africa Radio]]
|[[Stratford, London]]
|94.3 FM
|On Air: 18 July 2007
|-
|[[Wayland Radio]]
|[[Wayland]], [[Norfolk]]
|107.3 FM
|On Air: 28 August 2009
|-
|[[WCR FM]]
|[[Wolverhampton]]
|101.8 FM
|On Air: 30 March 2007
|-
|[[Radio West Suffolk]]
|[[Bury St Edmunds]]
|103.3 FM
|On Air: 13 August 2010
|-
|[[106.9FM WHCR]]
|West [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]
|106.9 FM
|On Air: 26 March 2007
|-
|[[Westside Community Radio|Westside FM]]
|[[Southall]]
|89.6 FM
|On Air: 13 September 2007
|-
|[[Wythenshawe FM]]
|[[Wythenshawe]], [[Greater Manchester]]
|97.2 FM
|On Air: 22 March 2002
|-
|[[Youth Community Radio|Youthcomm Radio]]
|[[Worcester]]
|106.7 FM
|On Air: 13 January 2008
|-
|[[Zeta 105.3 FM|Zack FM]]
|[[Forest Heath]]
|105.3 FM
|On Air: 22 June 2009
|}

== Defunct and unlaunched community radio stations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
! Notes
|-
|[[Forest of Dean Radio]]
|[[Cinderford]]
|1521 AM, 1503 Newent
|Closed 31 Dec 2009
|-
|[[Link FM]]
|[[Harold Hill]]
|92.2 FM
|Closed: 28 Jun 2010
|-
|[[Sound Radio]]
|[[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]]
|1503 AM
|Closed June 2007
|-
|[[TGR Sound]]
|[[Bexleyheath]]
|103.7 FM
|Closed June 22, 2008
|-
||[[Chelmsford Calling]]
|[[Chelmsford]]
|104.4 FM
|Closed Feb 2007
|}

== RSL stations ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Typical Air Dates
! Analogue Frequencies
|-
| [[ATRfm]]
| [[Arthur Terry School]], [[Sutton Coldfield]]
| July
| 106.9 FM
|-
| [[Radio Badminton]]
| [[Badminton House]]
| May
| 87.9 FM - Live coverage of Badminton Horse Trials
|-
| [[Bexhill FM]]
| [[Bexhill on Sea]], [[East Sussex]]
| July
| 87.7 FM - Broadcast from Bexhill High School
|-
| [[Black Cat Radio]]
| [[St Neots]]
| June
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Brighton Festival Radio]]
| [[Brighton]]
| May
| 87.7 FM - Coverage of the Brighton Festival
|-
| [[Camglen Radio]]
| South [[Glasgow]]
| June and December
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Cheltenham Radio]]
| [[Cheltenham Racecourse]]
| March
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Cheltenham National Hunt Festival
|-
| [[Corinium Radio]]
| [[Cirencester]]
| July and November
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Radio Cosford]]
| [[RAF Cosford]]
| June
| 87.9 FM - Live coverage of Cosford Air Show
|-
| [[Radio Cracker|Cracker FM]]
| [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]]
| December
| 87.9 FM
|-
| [[Radio Cracker]]
| [[Ballymena]]
| December
| 107.6 FM
|-
| [[Crufts FM]]
| [[National Exhibition Centre]], [[Birmingham]]
| March
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Crufts Dog Show
|-
| [[Download FM]]
| [[Donington Park]]
| June
| 87.7 FM - Coverage of the Download Festival
|-
| [[Festival FM]]
| [[Edinburgh]]
| August
| 87.7 FM - Coverage of the Edinburgh Festival
|-
| [[Kingfisher FM]]
| [[Redditch]]
| April and November
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Lincolnshire Show Radio]]
| [[Lincolnshire Showground]]
| June
| 107.8 FM - Coverage of the Lincolnshire Show operated by [[Lincs FM]]
|-
| [[OSCAR Radio]]
| [[Oundle]]
| May and November
| 87.7 FM - Broadcast from Oundle School
|-
| [[Radio Ramadan]]
| Local RSLs across the UK - 29 stations in 2009
| During period of [[Ramadan]] and [[Eid]]
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Rocket FM]]
| [[Lewes]]
| October/November
| 87.8 FM
|-
| [[Spin FM (Surrey)|Spin FM]]
| [[Redhill]] and [[Reigate]]
| July/August and December
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Radio Silverstone]]
| [[Silverstone Circuit]]
| July
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of the British Formula One Grand Prix
|-
| [[Truckfest FM]]
| [[East of England Showground]], [[Peterborough]]
| May Day Bank Holiday
| 106.2 FM - Live coverage of the Truckfest show
|-
| [[Whitchurch FM]]
| [[Whitchurch, North Shropshire|Whitchurch]]
| June
| 87.9 FM
|-
| [[Radio Wimbledon]]
| [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]]
| June / July
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Wimbledon Tennis Championships with Centre Court commentary on 96.3 FM and Number One court commentary on 97.8 FM
|-
| [[Radio Winchcombe]]
| [[Winchcombe, Gloucestershire|Winchcombe]]
| April and November
| 87.7 FM
|-
| [[Wales Rally FM]]
| [[South Wales]]
| November
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of Wales Rally GB
|-
| [[Worthy FM]]
| [[Glastonbury]]
| June
| 87.7 FM - Live coverage of the Glastonbury Festival
|-
| [[Youth FM]]
| [[London Borough of Sutton|Sutton]]
| October
| 87.7 FM
|-

Many student stations broadcast RSLs annually. A number of stations also operate during the Sikh festival Vaisakhi.
Short-term RSL stations are frequently used for the RefLink audio service for Rugby Union matches, drive-in movies and for Jehovah's Witnesses Watchtower Conventions.
|}

== Student and schools radio ==
{{External links|date=October 2010}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Frequencies
! Notes
|-
|-
|[[Aberdeen Student Radio]]
|[[University of Aberdeen]]
|Online
|http://abdn.ac.uk/asr/
|-
|[[Fresh FM (Petroc)|Fresh FM]]
|[[Petroc College|Petroc, Barnstaple]]
|FM 87.7 - LPFM
|http://www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk
|-
|[[Air3 Radio]]
|[[Stirling University]]
|Online
|http://www.air3radio.com
|-
|[[A39 Radio]]
|[[University College Falmouth]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[Bailrigg FM]]
|[[Lancaster University]]
|87.7 FM
|http://www.bailriggfm.co.uk
|-
|[[Bay Radio]]
|[[Aberystwyth University]]
|Online
|http://www.bay-radio.co.uk
|-
|[[1449AM URB]]
|[[University of Bath]]
|1449 AM - LPAM
|http://www.1449urb.co.uk
|-
|[[BIRst]]
|[[Bournemouth University]]
|Online
|http://www.birst.co.uk
|-
|[[Blast 1386]]
|[[Thames Valley University]]
|1386 AM - LPAM
|http://www.blast1386.com
|-
|[[Blast Radio]]
|[[Thames Valley University]]
|Online
|http://www.blast-radio.co.uk
|-
|[[Radio Brunel]]
|[[Brunel University]]
|Online
|http://www.radiobrunel.com
|-
|[[Burn FM]]
|[[Birmingham University]]
|Online
|http://www.burnfm.com
|-
|[[BURST]]
|[[University of Bristol]]
|1134 AM - LPAM
|http://www.burstradio.org.uk
|-
|-
|[[Radio Caley]]
|[[Glasgow Caledonian University]]
|Online
|http://www.radiocaley.com
|-
|[[The cat 1251|The Cat 1251]]
|[[University of Chester]]
|1251 AM - LPAM
|http://www.thecatradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Cambridge University Radio|CUR1350]]
|[[University of Cambridge]], [[Anglia Ruskin University]]
|1350 AM - LPAM (FM from September 2010 via community licence)
|http://www.cur1350.co.uk
|-
|[[Click (Teeside)|Click]]
|[[Teeside University]]
|Online
|http://clickteesside.com
|-
|[[Crush Radio]]
|[[University of Hertfordshire]]
|1278 AM - LPAM
|http://www.crushradio.co.uk
|-
|[[CSR 97.4FM]]
|[[Canterbury]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[Demon FM]]
|[[De Montfort University]], [[Leicester]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[DRS Radio]]
|[[University of Derby]]
|Online
|http://www.udsu.co.uk
|-
|[[Fly FM (Nottingham)|Fly FM]]
|[[Nottingham Trent University]]
|Online
|http://www.flyfm.co.uk
|-
|[[Forge Radio]]
|[[University of Sheffield]]
|Online
|http://www.forgeradio.com
|-
|[[Frequency Radio]]
|[[University of Central Lancashire]], [[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]]
|Online
|http://www.frequencyradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Fresh Air (Edinburgh)|Fresh Air]]
|Universities of [[Edinburgh]]
|Online
|http://www.freshair.org.uk
|-
|[[Fuse FM]]
|[[University of Manchester]]
|Onlne + RSL
|http://www.fusefm.co.uk
|-
|[[One Media (OMG)]]
|[[Staffordshire University]]
|Online
|http://www.onemedia.co
|-
|[[Glasgow Met Radio]]
|[[Glasgow Metropolitan College]]
|Online
|http://www.metstudent.com
|-
|[[GU2 Radio]]
|[[University of Surrey]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.gu2.co.uk
|-
|[[Hameldon FM|HFM]]
|[[Hameldon Community College]], [[Burnley]]
|Online
|http://www.hameldonfm.com
|-
|[[1386AM HCR]]
|[[Halesowen College]]
|1386 AM - LPAM
|http://www.1386hcr.co.uk
|-
|[[Radio Hope]]
|[[Liverpool Hope University]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.radiohope.co.uk
|-
|[[Hub Radio]]
|[[University of the West of England]], [[Bristol]]
|1449 AM - LPAM
||http://www.hubradio.co.uk
|-
|[[IC Radio]]
|[[Imperial College London]]
|Online
|http://www.icradio.com
|-
|[[Icon Radio]]
|[[University of Liverpool]]
|Online
|http://www.liverpoolstudentmedia.com/iconradio
|-
|[[Insanity Radio]]
|[[Royal Holloway, University of London]]
|1278 AM - LPAM
|http://www.insanityradio.com
|-
|[[Jam 1575]]
|[[Hull University Union]]
|Online
|http://ilovejamradio.co.uk/
|-
|JCC Radio
|[[John Cleveland College]]
|Online
|http://radio.jcc.leics.sch.uk/
|-
|[[Junction11]]
|[[University of Reading]]
|Online
|http://www.rusu.co.uk/junction11
|-
|[[Kic FM]]
|[[Wolverhampton University]]
|Online
|http://www.kicfm.com
|-
|[[Kube Radio]]
|[[Keele University]]
|Online
|http://www.kuberadio.com
|-
|[[Livewire (radio)|Livewire 1350]]
|[[University of East Anglia]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.livewire1350.com
|-
|[[Looprevil Radio]]
|[[Liverpool John Moores University]]
|Online
|http://www.looprevilradio.com
|-
|[[Loughborough Campus Radio|LCR]]
|[[Loughborough University]]
|Freewire Channel 900 and Online
|http://www.lborosu.org.uk/media/index.php?section=lcr
|-
|[[Lush Radio]]
|[[University of Leicester]]
|Online
|http://www.lush-radio.co.uk
|-
|[[LSRfm.com]]
|[[University of Leeds]], [[Leeds Metropolitan University]]
|Online
|http://www.lsrfm.com
|-
|[[MMU Radio]]
|[[Manchester Metropolitan University]]
|Online
|http://www.mmuradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Mud Radio]]
|[[Middlesex University]]
|Online
|http://www.mudradio.com
|-
|[[Radio Noize]]
|[[University of Wales, Newport]]
|Online
|http://www.newportunion.com/radionoize
|-
|[[NSR Live]]
|[[Newcastle University]]
|Online
|http://www.nsrlive.co.uk
|-
|[[One Media Radio]]
|[[Staffordshire University]]
|Online
|http://www.onemediaradio.com
|-
|[[Oscar Radio]]
|[[Oundle School]]
|RSL - 87.7 FM
|http://oscar-radio.org
|-
|[[Oxide Radio]]
|[[University of Oxford]], [[Oxford Brookes University]]
|Online
|http://www.oxideradio.co.uk
|-
|[[PB Radio]]
|[[Plantsbrook School]], [[Sutton Coldfield]]
|Online
|http://www.pbradio.co.uk
|-
|[[PURE:FM]]
|[[University of Portsmouth]]
|Online
|http://www.purefm.com
|-
|[[PuLSEfm|Pulse! Radio]]
|[[London School of Economics and Political Science]]
|Online
|http://www.pulse.dj
|-
|[[Purple Radio]]
|[[Durham University]]
|Online
|http://www.purpleradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Queen's Radio]]
|[[Queen's University Belfast]]
|1134 AM - LPAM
|http://www.queensradio.org
|-
|[[Ramair]]
|[[University of Bradford]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.ramair.co.uk
|-
| [[Range Radio]]
| [[Whalley Range High School]], [[Manchester]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.whalleyrange.manchester.sch.uk/aboutus/rangeradio.aspx
|-
|[[Rare FM]]
|[[UCL Union|UCL]], [[London]]
|Online
|http://www.rarefm.co.uk
|-
|[[Rascal Radio]]
|[[Robert Gordon University]], [[Aberdeen]]
|Online
|http://www.radiospace.org.uk
|-
|[[Radio Warwick|RaW]]
|[[University of Warwick]]
|1251 AM - LPAM
|http://www.radio.warwick.ac.uk
|-
|[[RED - 1404 AM|Red Radio]]
|[[University of Essex]]
|Online
|http://www.essexstudent.com/red
|-
| [[Radio Roseland]]
| [[Roseland Community College]], [[Tregony]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM
|http://radio.theroseland.cornwall.sch.uk
|-
|[[Roundhouse Radio]]
|[[The Roundhouse]], [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]]
|Online
|http://www.roundhouse.org.uk/radio
|-
|[[SCAM Radio]]
|[[Suffolk New College]], [[Ipswich]]
|
|
|-
|[[Scratch Radio]]
|[[Birmingham City University]]
|Online
|http://www.scratchradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Shock Radio]]
|[[University of Salford]], [[Manchester]]
|Online
|http://www.shockradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Siren FM]]
|[[University of Lincoln]]
|See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[Radio Sonar]]
|[[Southampton Solent University]]
|Online
|http://www.radiosonar.co.uk
|-
|[[Source Radio]]
|[[Coventry University]]
|1431 AM - LPAM
|http://www.sourceradio.co.uk/
|-
|[[Spark FM]]
|[[University of Sunderland]]
||See Community Radio listings for full details
|
|-
|[[STAR FM|STAR]]
|[[University of St Andrews]]
|Online
|http://www.standrewsradio.com
|-
|[[Storm FM]]
|[[Bangor University]]
|87.7 FM - LPFM (Ffriddoedd)
|http://www.stormfm.com
|-
|[[Strathlyde Fusion]]
|[[University of Strathclyde]]
|Online
|http://www.strathclydefusion.com
|-
|[[Subcity Radio]]
|[[University of Glasgow]]
|Online
|http://www.subcity.org
|-
|[[Surge 1287am|Surge]]
|[[University of Southampton]]
|1287 AM - LPAM
|http://www.surgeradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Tequila Radio]]
|[[University of Glamorgan]]
|Online
|http://www.tequilaradio.co.uk
|-
|[[UCA Radio]]
|[[University of the West of Scotland]]
|Online
|http://www.ucaradio.paisley.ac.uk
|-
|[[University Radio Falmer]]
|[[University of Sussex]]
|Online
|http://www.urfonline.com
|-
|[[University Radio Nottingham]]
|[[University of Nottingham]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://www.urn1350.net
|-
|[[University Radio York]]
|[[University of York]]
|1350 AM - LPAM
|http://ury.york.ac.uk
|-
|[[Verve Radio]]
|[[London Metropolitan University]]
|Online
|http://www.ververadio.co.uk
|-
|[[Radio Weald]]
|[[The Weald School, Billingshurst]]
|Online
|http://www.radioweald.co.uk
|-
|[[Wired Radio (London)|Wired Radio]]
|[[Goldsmiths College]], [[London]]
|Online
|http://wiredradio.co.uk/
|-
|[[Xpress Radio]]
|[[Cardiff University]]
|Online
|http://www.xpressradio.co.uk
|-
|[[Xpression FM]]
|[[University of Exeter]]
|87.7 FM - LPFM (Moberly) 87.7 FM - LPFM (Lafrowda)
|http://www.xpressionfm.com
|-
|[[Xtreme Radio]]
|[[Swansea University]]
|1431 AM - LPAM
|http://www.xtremeradio.org
|}

== Hospital radio stations ==

''Typically available within the grounds of a single hospital, these stations broadcast to bedside units and occasionally public areas of the hospital. Transmission is provided along dedicated cabling, via third-party entertainment systems, or by means of [[low-power broadcasting]]. Many of these stations are among the 200+ supported by the [[Hospital Broadcasting Association]] (HBA). ''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Primary Licence Area
! Accessibility
|-
| [http://www.radioaddenbrookes.co.uk Radio Addenbrooke's]
| [[Addenbrooke's Hospital]], [[Cambridge]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.ahbs.org.uk/ AHBS (Ashford Hospital Broadcasting Service)]
| [[William Harvey Hospital]], [[Ashford, Kent|Ashford]]
| Hospedia Channel 1 (soon to broadcast on FM through Community Radio licence)
|-
| [http://www.ankerradio1386am.org.uk Anker Radio]
| [[George Eliot Hospital]], [[Nuneaton]]
| 1386 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.appleam.com Apple AM]
|[[Musgrove Park Hospital]], [[Taunton]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM, Hospedia and online at www.appleam.com
|-
| [http://www.arrowesound.co.uk Arrowe Sound]
| [[Arrowe Park Hospital]], [[Birkenhead]]
|
|-
| [http://www.ahr.org.uk Auckland Hospital Radio]
| [[Bishop Auckland General Hospital]], [[Bishop Auckland]]
| Hospedia and online at www.ahr.org.uk.
|-
| [http://www.ayrhospitalsradio.btik.com// Ayr Hospitals' Radio]
| [[Ailsa Hospital]], [[Ayr Hospital]] and [[Biggart Hospital]], [[Ayr]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hrb.org.uk// Hospital Radio Barnet]
| [[Barnet Hospital]], [[Barnet]]
| Channel 12
|-
| [http://www.bhbonline.co.uk/ Barnsley Hospital Broadcasting]
| [[Barnsley Hospital]], [[Barnsley]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.hrbasingstoke.co.uk/ Hospital Radio Basingstoke]
| [[North Hampshire Hospital]], [[Basingstoke]]
| 945 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.bhbs.org.uk/ Bath Hospital Radio]
| [[Royal United Hospital]] and [[Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases]], [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]]
| Hospedia (Royal United Hospital), Channel 11 (Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases) and online at www.bhbs.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.baytrustradio.org.uk/ Bay Trust Radio]
| [[Westmorland General Hospital]], [[Kendal]], [[Royal Lancaster Infirmary]], [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] and [[Furness General Hospital]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
| Hospedia Channel 1 (Kendal), Hospedia Channel 7 (Barrow and Lancaster) and online at www.baytrustradio.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiobedford.org.uk/ Hospital Radio Bedford]
| [[Bedford General Hospital]], [[Bedford]]
| Hospicom or Channel 2
|-
| [http://www.musicinhospital.org.uk Bedrock]
| [[Queen's Hospital]], [[Havering]]
| Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.bhbn.net BHBN]
| [[City Hospital, Birmingham]], [[Good Hope Hospital]], [[Heartlands Hospital]], [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham]], [[The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital]], [[Selly Oak Hospital]], [[Birmingham Women's Hospital]]
| Hospedia and Premier Bedside
|-
| [http://www.bhr1287.net BHR 1287]
| [[Basildon University Hospital]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM, Telecall Channel 19 and online at www.bhr1287.net
|-
| [http://www.radiohospitalsblackburn.co.uk Radio Hospitals Blackburn]
| [[Royal Blackburn Hospital]]
| Hospedia
|-
|[http://homepages.tesco.net/kjgood/ BLFR Hospital Radio]
|[[Bridgend and District Hospitals]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiobedside.co.uk Hospital Radio Bedside]
| [[Royal Bournemouth Hospital]], [[Poole Hospital]] and [[Poole Maternity Unit]]
| Hospedia Channel 6 (Bournemouth), Hospedia Channel 48 (Poole)
|-
| [http://www.radiobgm.org.uk Radio BGM]
| [[Prince Phillip Hospital]], [[Llanelli]]
| Channel 5
|-
| [http://www.bhbs.org Bristol Hospital Broadcasting Service]
| [[Bristol Royal Infirmary]] and [[North Bristol NHS Trust]]
| Premier Bedside Radio (Bristol Royal Infirmary), Hospedia (North Bristol NHS Trust)
|-
| [http://www.radiobroadgreen.co.uk/ Radio Broadgreen]
| [[Broadgreen Hospital]], [[Liverpool]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.bridgefm.org.uk Bridge FM Hospital Radio]
| [[Ashludie Hospital]], [[Carsview Centre]], [[Ninewells Hospital]] and [[Royal Victoria Hospital]], [[Dundee]]
| 87.7 FM and DAB Digital Radio (11B) (Mon-Fri 1200-1400, Sun-Thu 1800-0000)
|-
| [http://www.radiobrockley.org Radio Brockley]
| [[Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital]], [[Stanmore]]
| 999 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.radiobronglais.co.uk Radio Bronglais]
| [[Bronglais Hospital]], [[Aberystwyth]]
| 87.8 FM - LPFM
|-
| [http://www.radiocalderdale.org Radio Calderdale]
| [[Calderdale Royal Hospital]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]]
| Channel 10
|-
| [http://www.chradio.org.uk Canterbury Hospital Radio]
| [[Kent & Canterbury Hospital]]
| 945 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.carillonradio.com Carillon Radio]
| [[Loughborough Hospital]], [[Coalville Hospital]], [[Ashby de-la-Zouch Hospital]], [[Melton Mowbray Hospital]] and [[Oakham Hospital]]
| 1386 AM Loughborough, Coalville, 1431 Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Oakham and online at www.carillonradio.com
|-
| [http://www.castlemeadradio.co.uk Castle Mead Radio]
| [[Hinckley Hospital]] and [[Hinckley & Bosworth Community Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiocavell1350.org.uk Radio Cavell]
| [[Royal Oldham Hospital]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hrc.org.uk Hospital Radio Chelmsford]
| [[Broomfield Hospital]], [[Chelmsford]]
| Hospedia Channel 1 (Channel 5 on new T3 unit)
|-
| [http://www.chr1431.org.uk Chichester Hospital Radio]
| [[St Richard's Hospital]], [[Chichester]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM and Hospicom Channel 11
|-
| [http://www.chrs.org.uk Chippenham Hospital Radio]
| [[Chippenham Community Hospital]], [[Chippenham]]
| Closed loop system and online at www.chrs.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.choiceradio.org.uk Choice Radio]
| [[Ronkswood#Worcestershire_Royal_Hospital|Worcestershire Royal]], [[Worcester]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.chorleyhospitalradio.org.uk/ Chorley Hospital Radio]
| [http://www.nhs.uk/ServiceDirectories/Pages/Trust.aspx?id=RXN Chorley and South Ribble Hospital], [[Chorley]]
| Patientline
|-
| [http://www.radioclatterbridge.co.uk Radio Clatterbridge]
| [[Clatterbridge Hospital]], [[Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|Wirral]]
| Channel 1 or Channel 9
|-
| [http://www.coastway.org.uk Coastway Hospital Radio]
| [[Royal Sussex County Hospital]], [[Sussex Eye Hospital]], [[Brighton]]
| Hospedia Channel 6 and online at www.coastway.org.uk
|-
| [[Hospital Radio Colchester]]
| [[Colchester General Hospital]] and [[Essex County Hospital]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.chbnradio.org Cornwall Hospital Broadcasting Network]
| [[Royal Cornwall Hospital]], [[Truro]], [[St Micheal's Hospital, Hayle]] and [[West Cornwall Hospital]], [[Penzance]]
|
|-
|[http://www.cprradio.org.uk CPR Hospital Radio]
|[[Chorley]] and [[Preston,_Lancashire|Preston]] Hospitals
|
|-
| [http://www.radiodgh.com Radio DGH]
| [[Eastbourne District General Hospital]], [[Eastbourne]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.durhamhospitalsradio.moonfruit.co.uk Durham Hospital Radio]
| [[University Hospital of North Durham]], [[Durham]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.ehhr.org East Herts Hospital Radio]
| [[East and North Herts NHS Trust|QE2 Hospital]], [[Welwyn Garden City]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radioenfield.co.uk Radio Enfield]
| [[Chase Farm Hospital]], [[London Borough of Enfield|Enfield]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.epsomhospitalradio.org Epsom Hospital Radio]
| [[Epsom General Hospital]], [[Epsom]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.eveshamhospitalradio.co.uk Evesham Hospital Radio]
| [[Evesham Community Hospital]], [[Evesham]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radioforest.co.uk Radio Forest Community Broadcasting]
| FOREST ONE: [[St Margaret's Hospital]], [[Epping]] and [[The Derwent Centre]], [[Harlow]] 
FOREST GOLD: [[St Margaret's Hospital]], [[Epping]], [[Saffron Walden Community Hospital]] and [[Brentwood Community Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiofox.co.uk Hospital Radio Fox]
| [[Leicester Royal Infirmary]], [[Glenfield Hospital]], [[Leicester]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.radiofreeway.co.uk Radio Freeway]
| [[Morriston Hospital]], [[Swansea]]
| Channel 3, 4 and 14
|-
| [http://www.radiogeneral.co.uk Radio General]
| [[Warrington Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radioglamorgan.com Radio Glamorgan]
| [[University Hospital of Wales]], [[Cardiff]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.radioglangwili.co.uk Radio Glangwili]
| [[West Wales General Hospital]], [[Carmarthen]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM
|-
| [http://www.radiograpevine.com Radio Grapevine]
| [[St John's Hospital, Livingston]]
|
|-
| [http://www.ghronline.co.uk/ Grimsby Hospital Radio]
| [[Diana, Princess of Wales Hospital]], [[Grimsby]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [[Hospital Radio Gwendolen]]
| [[Leicester General Hospital]], [[Leicester]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.radiohalton.org Radio Halton]
| [[Halton General Hospital]], [[Runcorn]]
| Channel 3
|-
| [http://www.harrogatehospitalradio.org.uk Harrogate Hospital Radio]
| [[Harrogate Hospital]], [[Harrogate]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiohastings.org.uk Hospital Radio Hastings]
| [[Conquest Hospital]], [[Hastings]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hbsaradio.com HBSA Hospital Radio]
| [[Ayrshire Central Hospital]], [[Irvine, North Ayrshire|Irvine]]; [[Crosshouse Hospital]], [[Kilmarnock]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hbsradio.co.uk HBS Radio]
| [[Royal Hallamshire Hospital]], [[Weston Park Hospital]], [[Northern General Hospital]], [[Sheffield]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.hemelradio.org.uk Hemel Hospital Radio]
| [[Hemel Hempstead General Hospital]], [[Hemel Hempstead]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.hhr.org.uk Hereford Hospital Radio]
| [[Hereford County Hospital]], [[Hereford]]
| Telecall Channel 8
|-
| [http://www.hwdhospitalradio.com HWD Hospital Radio]
| [[Dewsbury and District Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioipswich.org.uk Hospital Radio Ipswich]
| [[Ipswich Hospital]] and [[St. Elizabeth's Hospice]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.jubileeradio.org.jj Jubilee Radio]
| [[Princess Elizabeth Hospital]], [[Guernsey]]
|
|-
| [http://www.thejumbosound.com The Jumbo Sound]
| [[Goodmays Hospital]] and [[King George Hospital, London|King George Hospital]], [[Redbridge, London|Redbridge]]
| Online at www.thejumbosound.com
|-
| [http://www.kidderminsterhospitalradio.co.uk Kidderminster Hospital Radio]
| [[Kidderminster Acute Hospital]], [[Kidderminster]]
| Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.khronline.com Kingston Hospital Radio]
| [[Kingston Hospital]], [[Kingston upon Thames]]
| Hospedia Channel 45
|-
| [http://www.kingstownradio.co.uk Kingstown Radio]
| [[Hull Royal Infirmary|Hull Royal Infirmary Hospital]], [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]
| 1350M AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radiolaw.org.uk Radio Law]
| [[Wishaw General Hospital]], [[Wishaw]]
| Channel 12
|-
| [http://www.lchradio.org London Chest Hospital Radio]
| [[London Chest Hospital]], [[London]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiolion.org Radio Lion]
| [[Royal Surrey County Hospital]], [[Guildford]]
| Premier Bedside Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.londonnetworkradio.co.uk London Network Radio]
| [[Whittington Hospital]], [[North London]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radio-lonsdale.co.uk/ Radio Lonsdale]
| [[Furness General Hospital]], [[Barrow-in-Furness]]
| Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.ldhr.co.uk Luton and Dunstable Hospital Radio]
| [[Luton & Dunstable Hospital]], [[Luton]]
| 1134 AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radiomarsden.co.uk Radio Marsden]
| [[Royal Marsden Hospital]], London
| TV Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.radiomayday.co.uk Radio Mayday]
| [[Mayday Hospital]], [[Croydon]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [[Radio Medica]]
| [[Goole and District Hospital]], [[Goole]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradiomedway.co.uk Hospital Radio Medway]
| [[Medway Maritime Hospital]], [[Gillingham]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.meridianradio.co.uk Meridian Radio]
| [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.mkhrs.org.uk/ Milton Keynes Hospital Radio Service]
| [[Milton Keynes General Hospital]], [[Milton Keynes]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.mdr.org.uk Mid Downs Hospital Radio]
| [[The Princess Royal Hospital]], [[Haywards Heath]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.millsideradio.co.uk Millside Hospital Radio]
| [[King's Mill Hospital]], [[Sutton-in-Ashfield]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.myradio.co.uk MY Radio]
| [[Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust]]
|
|-
| [http://nhsound.supanet.com NH Sound]
| [[Nevill Hall Hospital]], [[Abergavenny]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM and Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radionightingale.org.uk Radio Nightingale]
| [[Rotherham District General Hospital]], [[Rotherham]]
| 945 and 1350 AM - LPAM and Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.northernair.org.uk Northern Air]
| [[North Manchester General Hospital]], [[Manchester]] and [[Salford Royal Hospital]], [[City of Salford|Salford]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.rnk.org.uk Radio North Kent]
| [[Gravesend and North Kent Hospital]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radionorthtees.co.uk Radio North Tees]
| [[University Hospital of North Tees]], [[Stockton-on-Tees]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.radionorthwickpark.org Radio Northwick Park]
| [[Northwick Park Hospital]], [[Harrow, London|Harrow]]
| Hospedia and online at www.radionorthwickpark.org
|-
| [http://www.nhradio.org.uk NHR (Nottingham Hospitals' Radio)]
| [[Queen's Medical Centre]], and [[Nottingham City Hospital]], [[Nottingham]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioperth.org.uk Hospital Radio Perth]
| [[Perth Royal Infirmary]] and [[Murray Royal Hospital]], [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.phoenixhospitalradio.com Phoenix Hospital Radio]
| [[Queen's Hospital, Burton Upon Trent]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.pilgrimhospitalradio.co.uk Pilgrim Hospital Radio]
| [[Pilgrim Hospital]], [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioplymouth.org.uk Hospital Radio Plymouth]
| [[Derriford Hospital Plymouth]] and [[Royal Eye Infirmary]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM, Hospedia and Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.qahospitalradio.co.uk QA Radio]
| [[Queen Alexandra Hospital]], [[Portsmouth]]
| Hospedia Channel 45
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioreading.org.uk Hospital Radio Reading]
| [[Royal Berkshire Hospital]] and [[Battle Hospital]], [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]
| Hospedia Channel 45
|-
| [http://www.reddotradio.co.uk Red Dot Radio]
| [[Western General Hospital]], [[Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh]], [[Royal Victoria Hospital]] and [[Corstorphine Hospital]], [[Edinburgh]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.radioredhill.co.uk Radio Redhill]
| [[East Surrey Hospital]], [[Redhill, Surrey]]
| 1431 AM - LPAM
|-
| [http://www.ridgewayradio.org.uk Ridgeway Radio]
| [[Dorset County Hospital]], [[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.rochvalleyradio.org.uk Roch Valley Radio]
| [[Fairfield General Hospital]], [[Rochdale Infirmary]] and [[Springhill Hospice]], [[Rochdale]]
| Hospedia and online at www.rochvalleyradio.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.rookwoodsound.co.uk Rookwood Sound]
| [[Rookwood Hospital]], [[Cardiff]] and [[University Hospital, Llandough]]
| 945 AM - LPAM (Rookwood Hospital) and Channel 1/A (University Hospital, Llandough)
|-
| [http://www.radioroyal.co.uk Radio Royal (Bradford)]
| [[Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust]], [[Bradford]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radioroyal.org Radio Royal (Falkirk)]
| [[Falkirk & District Royal Infirmary]] and [[Stirling Royal Infirmary]]
| 1278 AM - LPAM (Falkirk), Channel 6 (Stirling)
|-
| [http://www.royal1radio.org.uk Royal 1 Radio]
| [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary]]
|
|-
| [http://www.rugbyhospitalradio.org Rugby Hospital Radio]
| [[St. Cross Hospital]], [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.radiosthelier.co.uk Radio St. Helier]
| [[St. Helier Hospital]], [[Carshalton]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [[Sandwell Hospital Radio]]
| [[Sandwell District Hospital]], [[Rowley Regis Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.shronline.co.uk Scunthorpe Hospital Radio]
| [[Scunthorpe General Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.seasidehr.com Seaside Hospital Radio]
| [[Worthing Hospital]] and [[Southlands Hospital]], [[Shoreham-by-Sea]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.communigate.co.uk/ne/radioskerne/index.phtml Radio Skerne]
| [[Darlington Memorial Hospital]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.hrst.co.uk Hospital Radio South Tyneside]
| [[South Tyneside District Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.sohba.org Southampton HBA]
| [[Southampton General Hospital]], [[Princess Anne Hospital]] and [[Royal South Hampshire Hospital]]
| Hospedia Channel 25
|-
| [http://www.southendhospitalradio.co.uk Southend Hospital Radio]
| [[Southend University Hospital]]
| Premier Bedside Channel 8 or 9
|-
| [http://www.radiosunderland.co.uk Radio Sunderland]
| [[Royal Hospital]], [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.sunshinehospitalradio.co.uk Sunshine Hospital Radio]
| [[Weston General Hospital]], [[Weston-super-Mare]]
| Telecall Channel 7
|-
| [http://www.radiocityswansea.co.uk Radio City 1386AM]
| [[Singleton Hospital]], [[Swansea]]
| 1386 AM - LPAM, Channel 4 or Channel 12
|-
| [http://www.hbs.org.uk The Hospital Broadcasting Service]
| [[Drumchapel Hospital]], [[Gartnavel General Hospital]], [[Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital]], [[Western Infirmary]], [[Beatson Oncology Centre]], [[Blawarthill Hospital]], [[Royal Alexandra Hospital (Paisley)]]
| Easyview Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.trustam.com Trust AM]
| [[Doncaster Royal Infirmary]], [[Doncaster]], [[Bassetlaw District General Hospital]], [[Worksop]]
| 1278 AM - LPAM (Bassetlaw) and Premier Bedside
|-
| [http://www.hrtw.org.uk Hospital Radio Tunbridge Wells]
| [[Kent & Sussex Hospital]], [[Tunbridge Wells]]; [[Pembury Hospital]], [[Pembury]]; [[Tonbridge Cottage Hospital]], [[Tonbridge]]
| Online at www.hrtw.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.radiotyneside.co.uk Radio Tyneside]
| [[Newcastle General Hospital]], [[Royal Victoria Hospital]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] and [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital]], [[Gateshead]]
| 1575 AM - LPAM, Hospedia and online at www.radiotyneside.co.uk
|-
| [http://www.victoriainfirmaryradio.co.uk Victoria Infirmary Radio]
| [[Victoria Infirmary]], [[Glasgow]]
| Channel 1 (VIR Extra on Channel 2 with live football and Sunday church service)
|-
| [http://www.vrn1287.com Victoria Radio Network]
| [[Victoria Hospital]], [[Forth Park Hospital]] and [[Victoria Hospice]], [[Kirkcaldy]]
| 1287 AM - LPAM and Channel 3
|-
| [http://www.walsall-hr.co.uk Walsall Hospital Radio]
| [[Walsall Manor Hospital]], [[Walsall]]
| Closed loop system
|-
| [http://www.radiowarneford.com Radio Warneford]
| [[Warwick Hospital]], [[Warwick]]
| Premier Bedside and Channel 5
|-
| [http://www.watfordhospitalradio.com Watford Hospital Radio]
| [[Watford General Hospital]]
| Hospicom and online at www.watfordhospitalradio.com
|-
| [http://www.wcrfm.org.uk WCR Community Radio]
| Warminster, Westbury and Frome Hospitals
| Online at www.wcrfm.org.uk
|-
| [http://www.radiowestfife.org.uk Radio West Fife]
| [[Queen Margaret Hospital]], [[Dunfermline]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiowestmiddlesex.org.uk Radio West Middlesex]
| [[West Middlesex University Hospital]], [[Isleworth]]
| Hospicom
|-
| [http://www.radiowestsuffolk.co.uk Radio West Suffolk]
| [[West Suffolk Hospital]], [[Bury St Edmunds]]
| See Community Radio listings
|-
| [http://www.radiowey.co.uk Hospital Radio Wey]
| [[St Peter's Hospital (UK)|St Peters Hospital]], [[Chertsey]]; [[Ashford Hospital]], [[Ashford, Surrey|Ashford]]; [[Weybridge Hospital]], [[Weybridge]]
| Hospicom and online at www.radiowey.co.uk
|-
| [http://www.whitechapelam.org.uk Whitechapel AM]
| [[Royal London Hospital]], [[Whitechapel]]
| Hospedia Channel 1
|-
| [http://www.wxhr2.f9.co.uk Whipps Cross Hospital Radio]
| [[Whipps Cross University Hospital]], [[Leytonstone]]
| Hospedia
|-
| [http://www.withybushfm.co.uk Withybush FM]
| [[Withybush Hospital]], [[Haverfordwest]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM
|-
| [http://www.whr.org.uk Winchester Hospital Radio]
| [[Royal Hampshire County Hospital]], [[Winchester]]
| Hospedia Channel 6
|-
| [http://www.woodside-radio.co.uk Woodside Radio]
| [[Newham University Hospital]], [[London]]
|
|-
| [http://www.radiowulfrun.co.uk Radio Wulfrun]
| [[New Cross Hospital]], [[Wolverhampton]]
|
|-
| [http://www.hospitalradioyare.com Hospital Radio Yare]
| [[Northgate Hospital]], [[Great Yarmouth]]
| 1350 AM - LPAM
|}

== Satellite radio stations ==

Stations which are broadcast to the UK via satellite

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Format
! EPG Number
! Comments
|-
|[[Akash Radio]]
|Asian station aimed at Punjabi speakers
|Sky 0168
|
|-
|[http://www.amritbani.org Amrit Bani Radio]
|Asian station aimed at Sikh listeners
|Sky 0176
|
|-
|[[Calvary Chapel Radio]]
|Christian radio station
|Sky 0156
|
|-
|[[Radio Caroline]]
|[[Classic rock]]
|Sky 0199
|
|-
|[[EWTN Radio]]
|[[Catholic religious station]]
|Sky 0147
|
|-
|[[Family Radio]]
|[[Religious station]]
|Sky 0159
|
|-
|[http://www.radiokhushkhabri.com Khush Khabri Radio]
|Asian Christian station
|Sky 0151
|Formerly Asian Gold Radio
|-
|[[Liberty Radio]]
|Easy listening and talk
|Sky 0186
|
|-
|[[Newstalk]]
|Commercial speech station
|Sky 0210
|FM 106-108 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[RTÉ Radio 1]]
|News, current affairs, sport and music
|Sky 0160, Freesat 750, Virgin 917
|FM 88.2-90.0, LW 252 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[2fm|RTÉ 2FM]]
|Pop music
|Sky 0164, Freesat 751
|FM 90.0-92.0 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta]]
|Irish language programming
|Sky 0165, Freesat 753
|FM 92.0-94.0 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[RTÉ lyric fm|RTÉ Lyric FM]]
|Classical music
|Sky 0166, Freesat 752
|FM 96.7-99.6 in Republic of Ireland
|-
|[[Solar Radio]]
|Soul, jazz and funk
|Sky 0129
|
|-
|[[United Christian Broadcasters|UCB Bible]]
|Bible readings
|Sky 0134
|
|-
|[[World Radio Network|WRN Europe]]
|Programming from international broadcasters
|Sky 0122, Freesat 728, Virgin 920
|-
|}

== Other ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background-color:#C9C9C9"
! Name
! Licence Area
! Analogue Frequencies
|-
| [http://www.bfbs-radio.com/index BFBS Gurkha Radio]
| LPAM in UK
| 1134 AM [[Bramcote, Warwickshire|Bramcote]], 1134 AM [[Sandhurst]], 1251 AM [[York]] 1278 AM [[Shorncliffe, Kent|Shorncliffe]], 1287 AM [[Maidstone]], 1287 AM [[Brecon]]
|-
| [http://www.bfbs-radio.com/index BFBS Radio 2]
| Online in UK
|
|-
| [[Radio Knockhill]]
| [[Knockhill Race Circuit]], [[Dunfermline]]
| 1602 AM - LPAM (motor sport meetings only)
|-
| [[Nitro FM]]
| [[Santa Pod Raceway]], [[Northamptonshire]]
| 96.2 FM - LPFM (motor sport meetings only)
|-
| [[Radio Rovers]]
| [[Blackburn Rovers FC]], [[Blackburn]]
| 1404 AM - LPAM (home matchdays only)
|-
| [[Radio Silverstone]]
| [[Silverstone Race Circuit]], [[Northamptonshire]]
| 87.7 FM - LPFM (motor sport meetings only)
|-
| [[60 North FM]]
| [[Shetland Islands]] Tourist Radio
| 87.7 FM - Six LPFM transmitters
|-
| [[Sout al Khaleej]]
| [[London]]
| 12A DAB (available on 100.8 FM in Doha, Qatar)
|}

== Frequencies ==
To conserve space in the listings, the waveband has not been listed after each frequency, however they are easy to tell apart.

* Whole numbers always refer to a kHz (AM) frequency - i.e. 999 = 999 kHz
* Decimal numbers always refer to a MHz (FM) frequency - i.e. 96.2 = 96.2 MHz
* A number and letter combination refers to a DAB channel - i.e. 12C = frequency block 12C on 227.360 MHz

== See also ==
*[[Radio in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Digital radio in the United Kingdom]]
*[[List of British television channels]]
*[[List of Celtic language media]]
*[[Radio Academy]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.reciva.com Reciva] World leading stations aggregator.
*[http://www.mwcircle.org/mcd.htm#long UK and Ireland LW and MW Transmitters] - full data on every transmitter in UK & Ireland operating on low and medium frequencies (update Nov 2006).
*[http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/ RadioToday.co.uk] Daily radio news from the UK [[Radio industry|Radio Industry]] featuring Ofcom licence awards and breaking news.
*[http://www.online-radio-stations.org/ UK online radio stations list]
*[http://www.mediauk.com/radio/ Media UK's radio directory] details all radio stations broadcasting in the United Kingdom.
*[http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/ RadioFeeds UK] has an easy-to-use and up-to-date list of links to all radio stations in the United Kingdom also broadcasting on the Internet.
*[http://www.rab.co.uk/rab2009/showCategories.aspx?catid=314 Radio Advertising Bureau] - Coverage maps of many UK commercial radio stations (mapping provided by Beacon Dodsworth Ltd). (IE for Windows only)
*[http://www.radiosgalore.co.uk Radiosgalore] Wiki Based radio directory Covering FM/MW, DAB, [[Community radio|Community Radio]] and more

{{List of radio stations in Europe}}

{{London radio}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Radio Stations In The United Kingdom}}
[[Category:Lists of radio stations|United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in the United Kingdom| ]]
[[Category:British radio-related lists|Stations]]

Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T21:01:59Z

Matthuxtable: edited number of similar licenses with reference

{{Infobox Radio Station
| name = Fresh FM
| image =
| airdate = [[2001]]
| frequency = 87.7 [[millihertz|MHz]] (North Devon College)|
| format = Student
| owner = [[Petroc College|Petroc]]|
| website = [http://www.freshfmpetroc.ac.uk www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk]
}}
'''Fresh FM''' (formerly ''Acorn FM'') is a student-run [[radio station]] based at the Barnstaple campus of [[Petroc College|Petroc]], a further education College in North Devon. It broadcasts on 87.7 FM across the college campus between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first College station in the UK to own a Long Term [[Restricted Service License]]{{citation-needed}} and one of just ten of educational established licensed to broadcast on FM.

The station is both presented and run by college students, with a large base of student presenters and a small number of elected executive committee members who oversee, manage and make any crucial decisions regarding the station.

== Executive Committee ==

The station is overseen by a small group of elected students, who meet on a regular basis to discuss and implement actions regarding the station. The executive committee comprises ten roles, and is often assisted by an allocated staff member. Committee positions are:

* Station Manager
* Head of Production
* Head of Music
* Head of IT
* Head of Advertising
* Head of Competitions
* Programme Controller
* Head of News
* Head of Technical
* Head of Events

==References==
*{{cite web |url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/broadcast/radio-ops/RSL_annual_report_200.pdf |title=Restricted Service Licenses Annual Report 2009 |month=April |year=2010 |publisher=Ofcom |page=11 |accessdate=November 25, 2010}}

==External links==
* [http://www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk Fresh FM website]

{{Student Radio in the UK}}

{{coord missing|Devon}}

[[Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Devon]]

{{UK-radio-station-stub}}

Petroc (college)

2010-11-25T19:28:25Z

Matthuxtable: /* Broadcasting */ decided numbers may be confusing here, modified text slightly

{{Other people3|a college|the Celtic Christian saint|Saint Petroc}}
{{ Infobox College

|name = Petroc
[[File:Plogo.jpg]]
|established = 2009
|city = [[Barnstaple]] and [[Tiverton, Devon|Tiverton]]
|country = [[United Kingdom]]
|campus = Barnstaple and Tiverton
|type = [[public college|Public]]
|website = http://www.petroc.ac.uk/
|coor = {{coord |51.072|-4.069|type:edu_region:GB-DEV|display=inline|name=Petroc-Barnstaple}} {{coord |50.912|-3.492|type:edu_region:GB-DEV|display=inline|name=Petroc-Tiverton}}
}}

'''Petroc''' is a group of [[further education]] [[college]]s in North and Mid Devon. With main sites in Barnstaple and Tiverton. The college is part of The University of Plymouth Colleges network.

==History==
Petroc originates from the mergers of [[East Devon College]] and [[North Devon College]] on 1 August 2008. On 23 September 2009, as a result of a re-branding scheme, the merged colleges were renamed, amidst some controversy amongst both current and former staff and students, and the local press, as Petroc.

==Campuses==
===Barnstaple===
[[File:petroc.jpg|thumb|alt=Petroc Student Union|Barnstaple Student Union with UK Deputy Prime minister Nick Clegg]]The Barnstaple campus, formerly part of [[North Devon College]], is a large campus situated on Sticklepath Hill, [[Barnstaple]]. It overlooks the town with panoramic views across the estuary of the [[River Taw]].

The barnstaple campus has a very active student union organizing many events throughout the academic year, including "Tech Dances" and notably this year a fundraiser for the Haiti relief effort which was attended by Nick Clegg.
===Tiverton===
The Tiverton campus, formerly [[East Devon College]], is a major contributor to the [[Tiverton, Devon|Tiverton]] ([[Devon]]) education facilitation and was independent until the merger with North Devon College on 1 August 2008.
===Other sites===
The college has additional sites in [[Honiton]] (part of pre-merger EDC), [[Bude]] and [[Holsworthy, Devon|Holsworthy]] (both part of pre-merger NDC) There are links with [[Exmouth]] via the E2E programme and [[Exeter]] via the Music Academy (both inherited from East Devon College).
<ref>{{cite web | title = Petroc - about the college | publisher = Petroc | url = http://www.petroc.ac.uk/information/2/home_page.htm | accessdate = 2009-10-12 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==Broadcasting==
{{Main|Fresh FM (Petroc)}}

[[File:fresh.png|thumb|alt=fresh fm logo|The Fresh Fm Logo]]''Fresh FM'' is a student-run radio station based at the Barnstaple campus. It broadcasts on 87.7 FM between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first college station, and still one of very few, which holds a long term Restricted Service License to broadcast on FM.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{kml}}
* [http://www.petroc.ac.uk Official site]

{{Universities and colleges in South West England}}

[[Category:Barnstaple]]
[[Category:Further education colleges in Devon]]

{{UK-university-stub}}

Petroc (college)

2010-11-25T19:22:50Z

Matthuxtable: /* Broadcasting */ Fresh FM has its own article. Tidied up the brief description here and linked through to the main Wiki article, clarified info on RSL license based on latest Ofcom report

{{Other people3|a college|the Celtic Christian saint|Saint Petroc}}
{{ Infobox College

|name = Petroc
[[File:Plogo.jpg]]
|established = 2009
|city = [[Barnstaple]] and [[Tiverton, Devon|Tiverton]]
|country = [[United Kingdom]]
|campus = Barnstaple and Tiverton
|type = [[public college|Public]]
|website = http://www.petroc.ac.uk/
|coor = {{coord |51.072|-4.069|type:edu_region:GB-DEV|display=inline|name=Petroc-Barnstaple}} {{coord |50.912|-3.492|type:edu_region:GB-DEV|display=inline|name=Petroc-Tiverton}}
}}

'''Petroc''' is a group of [[further education]] [[college]]s in North and Mid Devon. With main sites in Barnstaple and Tiverton. The college is part of The University of Plymouth Colleges network.

==History==
Petroc originates from the mergers of [[East Devon College]] and [[North Devon College]] on 1 August 2008. On 23 September 2009, as a result of a re-branding scheme, the merged colleges were renamed, amidst some controversy amongst both current and former staff and students, and the local press, as Petroc.

==Campuses==
===Barnstaple===
[[File:petroc.jpg|thumb|alt=Petroc Student Union|Barnstaple Student Union with UK Deputy Prime minister Nick Clegg]]The Barnstaple campus, formerly part of [[North Devon College]], is a large campus situated on Sticklepath Hill, [[Barnstaple]]. It overlooks the town with panoramic views across the estuary of the [[River Taw]].

The barnstaple campus has a very active student union organizing many events throughout the academic year, including "Tech Dances" and notably this year a fundraiser for the Haiti relief effort which was attended by Nick Clegg.
===Tiverton===
The Tiverton campus, formerly [[East Devon College]], is a major contributor to the [[Tiverton, Devon|Tiverton]] ([[Devon]]) education facilitation and was independent until the merger with North Devon College on 1 August 2008.
===Other sites===
The college has additional sites in [[Honiton]] (part of pre-merger EDC), [[Bude]] and [[Holsworthy, Devon|Holsworthy]] (both part of pre-merger NDC) There are links with [[Exmouth]] via the E2E programme and [[Exeter]] via the Music Academy (both inherited from East Devon College).
<ref>{{cite web | title = Petroc - about the college | publisher = Petroc | url = http://www.petroc.ac.uk/information/2/home_page.htm | accessdate = 2009-10-12 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==Broadcasting==
{{Main|Fresh FM (Petroc)}}

[[File:fresh.png|thumb|alt=fresh fm logo|The Fresh Fm Logo]]''Fresh FM'' is a student-run radio station based at the Barnstaple campus. It broadcasts on 87.7 FM between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first college station, and still one of just ten, licensed by Ofcom in the UK under a Restricted Service License to broadcast over FM.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{kml}}
* [http://www.petroc.ac.uk Official site]

{{Universities and colleges in South West England}}

[[Category:Barnstaple]]
[[Category:Further education colleges in Devon]]

{{UK-university-stub}}

Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T19:06:33Z

Matthuxtable: grammar, add North to Devon

{{Infobox Radio Station
| name = Fresh FM
| image =
| airdate = [[2001]]
| frequency = 87.7 [[millihertz|MHz]] (North Devon College)|
| format = Student
| owner = [[Petroc College|Petroc]]|
| website = [http://www.freshfmpetroc.ac.uk www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk]
}}
'''Fresh FM''' (formerly ''Acorn FM'') is a student-run [[radio station]] based at the Barnstaple campus of [[Petroc College|Petroc]], a further education College in North Devon. It broadcasts on 87.7 FM across the college campus between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first College station in the UK to own a Long Term [[Restricted Service License]] and one of only three student stations in the UK to own such a license.

The station is both presented and run by college students, with a large base of student presenters and a small number of elected executive committee members who oversee, manage and make any crucial decisions regarding the station.

== Executive Committee ==

The station is overseen by a small group of elected students, who meet on a regular basis to discuss and implement actions regarding the station. The executive committee comprises ten roles, and is often assisted by an allocated staff member. Committee positions are:

* Station Manager
* Head of Production
* Head of Music
* Head of IT
* Head of Advertising
* Head of Competitions
* Programme Controller
* Head of News
* Head of Technical
* Head of Events

==External links==
* [http://www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk Fresh FM website]

{{Student Radio in the UK}}

{{coord missing|Devon}}

[[Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Devon]]

{{UK-radio-station-stub}}

Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T19:05:26Z

Matthuxtable: remove "formerly North Devon College" - the name changed to Petroc over a year ago so this addition seems unnecessary

{{Infobox Radio Station
| name = Fresh FM
| image =
| airdate = [[2001]]
| frequency = 87.7 [[millihertz|MHz]] (North Devon College)|
| format = Student
| owner = [[Petroc College|Petroc]]|
| website = [http://www.freshfmpetroc.ac.uk www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk]
}}
'''Fresh FM''' (formerly ''Acorn FM'') is a student run [[radio station]] based at the Barnstaple campus of [[Petroc College|Petroc]], a further education College in Devon. It broadcasts on 87.7 FM across the college campus between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first College station in the UK to own a Long Term [[Restricted Service License]] and one of only three student stations in the UK to own such a license.

The station is both presented and run by college students, with a large base of student presenters and a small number of elected executive committee members who oversee, manage and make any crucial decisions regarding the station.

== Executive Committee ==

The station is overseen by a small group of elected students, who meet on a regular basis to discuss and implement actions regarding the station. The executive committee comprises ten roles, and is often assisted by an allocated staff member. Committee positions are:

* Station Manager
* Head of Production
* Head of Music
* Head of IT
* Head of Advertising
* Head of Competitions
* Programme Controller
* Head of News
* Head of Technical
* Head of Events

==External links==
* [http://www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk Fresh FM website]

{{Student Radio in the UK}}

{{coord missing|Devon}}

[[Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Devon]]

{{UK-radio-station-stub}}

Talk:Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T19:03:45Z

Matthuxtable: /* Name Change */ new section

{{RadioStationsProject|class=stub}}
{{WikiProject United Kingdom}}

== Name Change ==

The radio station changed names a while ago from Acorn FM to Fresh FM. I have moved this article and updated to reflect the name change. The title Fresh FM was unavailable (it led to a disambiguation page because there is a number of stations going by this name) so Fresh FM (Petroc) seemed appropriate instead.

I am unable to recall the exact date of the name switch (some time during late 2009 or early 2010, I believe). If another contributor adds information to reference this, it would be appreciated. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 19:03, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Fresh

2010-11-25T19:01:36Z

Matthuxtable: /* Radio Stations */ added Fresh FM (Petroc) - reflecting name change from Acorn FM

{{Wiktionary}}

'''Fresh ''' or '''FRESH''' may refer to:

==Music==
*[[Fresh (Sly and the Family Stone album)|''Fresh'' (Sly and the Family Stone album)]], a 1973 album
*[[Fresh (Melissa Tkautz album)|''Fresh'' (Melissa Tkautz album)]], the first album by Australian actress, singer and model Melissa Tkautzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fresh&action=edit&editintro=Template:Disambig_editintro
*[[Fresh (Teddybears album)|''Fresh'' (Teddybears album)]], fourth album by Teddybears
*[[Fresh Azimiz]]", a single featured on Bow Wow's 2005 album Wanted
*[[Fresh Records]], the name of two defunct independent record labels
*[[Fresh I.E.]], a Christian rap artist from Winnipeg, Manitoba
*[[Fresh Kid Ice]], a founding member of controversial rap group 2 Live Crew
*[[Fresh (musician)]], the stage name of UK-based drum and bass artist Dan Stein
*"[[Fresh (song)]]", a 1985 hit by Kool & The Gang
*"[[Fresh (Devo song)]]", a song by [[Devo]] from their 2010 album ''[[Something for Everybody (Devo album) |Something for Everybody]]''
*"Fresh", a song by Daft Punk from their 1996 album ''[[Homework (album)|Homework]]''.

==Organizations==
===Political===
*[[Fresh Democratic Party]], a liberal political party in Nigeria
*[[Fresh Start]], a grouping within the British Conservative Party opposed to the Maastricht Treaty
*[[FRESH, UNESCO]] a worldwide school health project
===Other===
*[[Fresh Air (airline)]], an airline in Nigeria
*[[Fresh Air Fund]], a charity meant to help inner city children have fun in less urban environments
*[[FreshMinistries]], a non-profit charity based in Jacksonville, Florida
*[[Fresh Talents Music Project]], a new education project based in Rijeka, Croatia
*[[Fresh Writers Books]], a book publishing company based in Uniontown, Ohio
*[[Fresh Agence]], a media company based in Paris, France

==Places/Geographical==
===New York===
*[[Fresh Kills]], a stream and freshwater estuary in the New York City borough of Staten Island
*[[Fresh Kills Landfill]], on the New York City borough of Staten Island
*[[Fresh Meadows, Queens]], a neighborhood in northeastern portion of the borough of Queens in New York City
*[[Fresh Pond Bus Depot]], on Fresh Pond Road near 67th Avenue in the Ridgewood neighborhood of Queens, New York City
*[[Fresh Pond Road (BMT Myrtle Avenue Line)]], a station on the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line of the New York City Subway
===Elsewhere===
*[[Fresh Creek]], a district of the Bahamas before 1996
*[[Fresh Pond (Cambridge, Massachusetts)]], a reservoir and park
*''Fresh River'', a historic name for the [[Connecticut River]]
*[[Fresh River (New Hampshire)]]
*[[Freshwater ecoregion]], represents the freshwater habitats of a particular geographic area, including rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands

==Radio, TV and film==
===Films===
*''[[Fresh (film)]]'', a 1994 film
*''[[Fresh Horses]]'', a 1988 drama film

===Radio Stations===

*[[Fresh FM (New Zealand)]], a not-for-profit community access radio station in New Zealand
*[[Fresh FM (Australia)]], an Adelaide radio station
*[[Fresh FM (Netherlands)]], a Dutch music radio station
*[[Fresh Air (Edinburgh)]], the alternative music student radio station serving Edinburgh, Scotland
*[[Fresh FM (Petroc)]], a student led radio station at [[Petroc College|Petroc]] in Barnstaple, North Devon
*[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories soundtrack#Fresh 105 FM|Fresh 105 FM]], a fictional radio station featured in the video game ''Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories soundtrack''
*[[Fresh Radio]], an independent local radio station broadcasting to the Yorkshire Dales in Northern England
*[[WTGB-FM]], known as Fresh FM, a station playing [[adult contemporary music]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] owned by [[CBS Radio]]
*[[CFHK-FM]], known as Fresh FM, a [[hot adult contemporary]] radio station in [[St. Thomas, Ontario]], [[Canada]]
*[[WWFS]], known as Fresh 102.7, [[New York City]] [[adult contemporary]] FM station, also owned by CBS Radio.
*[[WCFS-FM]], known as Fresh 105.9, [[Chicago]] [[adult contemporary]] FM station, also owned by CBS Radio.

=== Other content===

*''[[Fresh 40]]'', a networked music singles chart broadcast on a number of UK commercial radio stations
*''[[Fresh Air]]'', a radio show broadcast on National Public Radio
*''[[Fresh with the Australian Women's Weekly]]'', a now-defunct cooking show filmed in Australia and produced by the [[Nine Network]]
*''[[Fresh Fields]]'', a British situation comedy
*''[[Fresh Gear]]'', a television program on ZDTV
*''[[Fresh Hare]]'', a Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies cartoon
*''[[Fresh with Anna Olson]]'', a Canadian cooking show presenter by Anna Olson

==Finance==
*[[Floating Rate Exchangeable Subordinated Hybrid|FRESH]], Floating Rate Exchangeable Subordinated Hybrid, a type of security issued by banks to raise capital

==See also==
*{{lookfrom|Fresh}}

{{Disambig}}
[[de:Flesch]]
[[ja:フレッシュ]]
[[pt:Fresh]]
[[ru:Fresh]]
[[sv:Fresh]]

Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T19:00:33Z

Matthuxtable: updated to reflect name change, spelling corrections

{{Infobox Radio Station
| name = Fresh FM
| image =
| airdate = [[2001]]
| frequency = 87.7 [[millihertz|MHz]] (North Devon College)|
| format = Student
| owner = [[Petroc College|Petroc]]|
| website = [http://www.freshfmpetroc.ac.uk www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk]
}}
'''Fresh FM''' (formerly ''Acorn FM'') is a student run [[radio station]] based at the Barnstaple campus of [[Petroc College|Petroc]], a further education College in Devon (formerly [[North Devon College]]). It broadcasts on 87.7 FM across the college campus between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first College station in the UK to own a Long Term [[Restricted Service License]] and one of only three student stations in the UK to own such a license.

The station is both presented and run by college students, with a large base of student presenters and a small number of elected executive committee members who oversee, manage and make any crucial decisions regarding the station.

== Executive Committee ==

The station is overseen by a small group of elected students, who meet on a regular basis to discuss and implement actions regarding the station. The executive committee comprises ten roles, and is often assisted by an allocated staff member. Committee positions are:

* Station Manager
* Head of Production
* Head of Music
* Head of IT
* Head of Advertising
* Head of Competitions
* Programme Controller
* Head of News
* Head of Technical
* Head of Events

==External links==
* [http://www.freshfmpetroc.co.uk Fresh FM website]

{{Student Radio in the UK}}

{{coord missing|Devon}}

[[Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Devon]]

{{UK-radio-station-stub}}

Talk:Acorn FM

2010-11-25T18:56:59Z

Matthuxtable: moved Talk:Acorn FM to Talk:Fresh FM (Petroc): Radio station was rebranded some time ago to Fresh FM (from Acorn FM) - moving page and creating a redirect to reflect this change. Will update the article.

#REDIRECT [[Talk:Fresh FM (Petroc)]]

Talk:Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T18:56:59Z

Acorn FM

2010-11-25T18:56:58Z

Matthuxtable: moved Acorn FM to Fresh FM (Petroc): Radio station was rebranded some time ago to Fresh FM (from Acorn FM) - moving page and creating a redirect to reflect this change. Will update the article.

#REDIRECT [[Fresh FM (Petroc)]]

Fresh FM (Petroc)

2010-11-25T18:56:58Z

{{Infobox Radio Station
| name = Acorn FM
| image =
| airdate = [[2001]]
| frequency = 87.7 [[millihertz|MHz]] (North Devon College)|
| format = Student
| owner = North Devon College|
| website = [http://www.acornfm.co.uk www.acornfm.co.uk]
}}
'''Acorn FM''' is a student run [[radio station]] based at the Barnstaple campus of [[Petroc College|Petroc]], a further education College in Devon (formerly [[North Devon College]]). It broadcasts on 87.7 FM across the college campus between the hours of 8:30 and 16:30 on College days. It was the first College station in the UK to own a Long Term [[Restricted Service License]] and one of only three student stations in the UK to own such a license.

The station is both presented and run by college students, with a large base of student presenters and a small number elected executive committee members who oversee, manage and make any crucial decisions regarding the station.

== Exectutive Committee ==

The station is overseen by a small group of elected students, who meet on a regulat basis to discuss and implement actions regarding the station. The exectutive committee comprises ten roles, and are often assisted by an allocated staff member. Committee position are listed as -

* Station Manager
* Head of Production
* Head of Music
* Head of IT
* Head of Advertising
* Head of Competitions
* Programme Controller
* Head of News
* Head of Technical
* Head of Events

==External links==
* [http://www.acornfm.co.uk Acorn FM website]

{{Student Radio in the UK}}

{{coord missing|Devon}}

[[Category:Student radio in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Devon]]

{{UK-radio-station-stub}}

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Brown Spider Monkey

2008-10-07T21:00:17Z

Matthuxtable: /* Brown Spider Monkey */ support edit 1

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Brown Spider Monkey|Brown Spider Monkey]]===

[[Image:BrownSpiderMonkey.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Original''' - Critically endangered Brown Spider Monkey (''Ateles hybridus'') with uncommon blue eyes in captivity in Barquisimeto, Venezuela]]
[[Image:BrownSpiderMonkey (edit).jpg|thumb|250px|'''Edit 1''' - Levels adjustment]]
[[Image:BrownSpiderMonkey (edit2).jpg|thumb|250px|'''Edit 2''' - Cropped]]

;Reason:Sharp vibrant photo of rare animal with rare features
;Articles this image appears in: [[Brown Spider Monkey]]
;Creator:User:Tomfriedel

* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Tomfriedel|Tomfriedel]] ([[User talk:Tomfriedel|talk]]) 16:13, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support edit2''' maybe could benefit from a saturation boost. The caption is a bit fluffy, and the phrase "shot in captivity" is unfortunate... [[User:Debivort|de]] [[User Talk:Debivort|Bivort]] 17:27, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' the caption may need a bit of re-writing. [[User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim|'''Muhammad''']][[User Talk:Muhammad Mahdi Karim|(''talk'')]] 18:10, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Comment''' Caption shortened and speculation removed. [[User:Thegreenj|Thegreenj]] 23:20, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' very nice, very encyclopedic. [[User:Cat-five|Cat-five]] - [[User talk:Cat-five|talk]] 00:04, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support'''I like all, but edit two is best. [[User:Zginder|Z]][[User Talk:Zginder|gin]][[Special:Contributions/Zginder|der]] 2008-10-05T00:14Z ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])
*'''Support Edit 1''' The original was great, but there was unused space in the histogram, fixed that with a levels adjustment. [[User:Noodle snacks|Noodle snacks]] ([[User talk:Noodle snacks|talk]]) 07:39, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' if cropped tighter [[User:Capital photographer|Capital photographer]] ([[User talk:Capital photographer|talk]]) 10:56, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support Edit 2''' I support the last edited version, as the tighter crop is a definite improvement. [[User:Jordan Timothy James Busson|Jor]][[User talk:Jordan Timothy James Busson|dan]] [[Special:Contributions/Jordan Timothy James Busson|Contribs]] 15:49, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support (Edit 1)''' - I prefer Edit 1. The crop and subsequent zoom on Edit 2 makes the image look too daunting in my opinion. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 21:00, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/October 2008]]</noinclude>

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/AcueductoSegovia04.JPG

2008-10-07T20:58:07Z

Matthuxtable: /* Aqueduct */ weak support

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/AcueductoSegovia04.JPG|Aqueduct]]===

[[Image:AcueductoSegovia04.JPG|thumb|250px|'''Original''' - Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain]]
;Reason:Already a FP on Commons and WP:es. I believe it illustrates its subject well, and it also is visually pleasant.
;Articles this image appears in:[[Segovia]], [[Arch bridge]], [[Roman art]], [[Revolt of the Comuneros]], [[Aqueduct of Segovia]]
;Creator:[[:es:Usuario:Manuel González Olaechea y Franco|Manuel González Olaechea y Franco]]

* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Diego pmc|Diego_pmc]] [[User talk:Diego pmc|'''Talk''']] 07:44, 6 October 2008 (UTC)
* '''Weak Support''' - The only part letting this one down, in my opinion, is the side of a building on the right. Perhaps if this was edited out I wouldn't have any problems with this image.[[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 20:58, 7 October 2008 (UTC)


{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/October 2008]]</noinclude>

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Charles Bridge

2008-10-07T20:55:22Z

Matthuxtable: /* Bridge Tower, Malá Strana, Prague, Czech Republic */ support

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Charles Bridge|Bridge Tower, Malá Strana, Prague, Czech Republic]]===

[[Image:BridgeTowerCharlesBridgePrague.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Original''' nomination- Bridge Tower, Malá Strana, Prague, Czech Republic]]
[[Image:MalaStranaCharlesBridgePrague.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Edit1''' - Corrected Tilt]]
[[Image:CharlesBridgeMalaStranaPragueCzechRepublic.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Current Nomination and Edit2''' - Corrected Tilt and Crop]]
[[Image:CharlesBridgeMalaStranaPragueCzechRepublic Thegreenjedit.jpg|thumb|250px|'''Current Nomination Edit 3''' - Desaturated, cooler white balance, and higher black point for artificially-lit areas]]
;Reason:It has a high EV. There is not such a detailed and good picture currently available of this part of the Charles Bridge on Wikipedia. Further more it possesses a good technical quality. As for the composition; A restoration of this part of the Charles Bridge in currently underway. That's why it was hard to get a good picture of it. I hope the picture will be good enough. I even had to crop the picture (something I never do..).
;Articles this image appears in:[[Prague]], [[Malá Strana]], [[Charles Bridge]] and [[Prague 1]]
;Creator:[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]]

{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=60%
|-
!colspan="2"| Previous Votes before Restoration Work
|-
|* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 00:23, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' Too tight framing here, too - top of spires cut off. --[[User:Janke|Janke]] | [[User talk:Janke|Talk]] 13:28, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support edit 1''' fixes the main issue that I can see which is the tilt, although the antennas on top of the spires are slightly cut off I don't see that as a huge issue. [[User:Cat-five|Cat-five]] - [[User talk:Cat-five|talk]] 20:11, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support Edit 1''' also. The crop isn't that big of a deal [[User:Intothewoods29|Intothewoods29]] ([[User talk:Intothewoods29|talk]]) 21:27, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
*<s>'''Oppose''' per Janke [[Special:Contributions/67.175.225.38|67.175.225.38]] ([[User talk:67.175.225.38|talk]]) 22:10, 13 September 2008 (UTC)</s>
:*Sorry, but IP votes are usually disregarded here. I'd suggest getting a username; it's really easy and convenient! [[User:Intothewoods29|Intothewoods29]] ([[User talk:Intothewoods29|talk]]) 23:27, 13 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' per Janke. [[User:Mfield|Mfield]] ([[User talk:Mfield|talk]]) 01:16, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' I was hesitating on that one. I think it's a good picture, but some odd looking highlights and cut off spires tipped the scale. [[User:Blieusong|Blieusong]] ([[User talk:Blieusong|talk]]) 17:50, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Weak Oppose''' I agree with Janke - the cut of spires are a problem --[[User:Abdominator|Abdominator]] ([[User talk:Abdominator|talk]]) 04:14, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' - bad crop.--[[User:Avala|Avala]] ([[User talk:Avala|talk]]) 17:17, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

*'''Comment''' I managed to create a better crop with spires! --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 21:59, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
|}
* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 13:53, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
'''Comment''' I attached the spires, so restored the picture. This version is the current nomination. --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 13:58, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' -- The lights in the walkway are too overexposed. They really get in the way. ([[User:Giligone|Giligone]] ([[User talk:Giligone|talk]]) 16:29, 20 September 2008 (UTC))
::They are not overexposed..If you don't believe me, check the photograph's histogram. That does not lie. --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 16:39, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support'''. Very good picture. [[User:Intothewoods29|Intothewoods29]] ([[User talk:Intothewoods29|talk]]) 17:21, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. I don't find the composition appealing; the fact that it's difficult to get a good picture of the bridge during the restoration may mean that an FP is just not possible. I also think the lighting detracts from it; a daylight shot would be more useful and provide better contrast on the details of the main subject. As for the walkway lights noted by Giligone, they are definitely overexposed according to my image program.--[[User:Ragesoss|ragesoss]] ([[User talk:Ragesoss|talk]]) 20:00, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
:: The composition..that's your opinion. How would a daylight shot be better? It doesn;t provide a better contrast and the details of the main subject couldn't be better. I can even see the cracks in the bricks of the tower. A daytime picture would only mean more people. Here is the histogram (Click on it to see it.):
[[Image:HistogramPrague.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Histogram]]
None of the spikes go through the roof so to say.. --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 20:14, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
:::Just upload a crop of the histogram; otherwise it's a copyright violation.
:::You're not interpereting the histogram correctly. The horizontal axis represents how light or dark pixels are. The far left is black, the far right, white. The bars themselves represent how many pixels are of that brightness. A spike that goes through the roof just means there are a lot of pixels that brightness; a landscapes, for example, usually have a spike or two because all the pixels in the sky are about the same brightness, though it's not necessarily overexposed. On the other hand, ''any'' pixels that are pure white (i.e., that are on the right-most part of the graph) are overexposed. If there is even a short bar there, you have overexposed pixels. [[User:Thegreenj|Thegreenj]] 22:57, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
::::Thank you for your explanation. I guess I had a thing or two wrong in my head for all this time. So a small part is over- and a small part underexposed. Ok, it that case I said nothing. --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 23:07, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Good EV, nice shot. [[User:Ilikepie2221|Pie is good]] [[User talk:Ilikepie2221|(Apple is the best)]] 02:39, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support Edit 2''' Oh come on, the criticisms (see the votes before restoration (full disclosure: I was one of them)) were all dealt with and now the criticisms just coming off as [[anal retentive]] coming up with new things to oppose this for, I'm happy to support the edit 2 version of this since it took care of the cropping and other issues. [[User:Cat-five|Cat-five]] - [[User talk:Cat-five|talk]] 21:40, 21 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Weak oppose''' I'm generally not a fan of twilight shots for their own sake, and this would have been better under certain daylight conditions. Unfortunately, everything bathed in artificial light in this picture appears mildly to completely overexposed.[[User:Mostlyharmless|Mostlyharmless]] ([[User talk:Mostlyharmless|talk]]) 00:47, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
::'''Only three lamps are overexposed..and the overexposure is slight. Further more nothing was bathed in artificial light, since all the lights were already out! This was taken at dawn. If this is the criticism I wonder how all night/dusk/dawn photo's could have become a FP. For example: User [[Dillif]]' shot of the Colosseum contains slightly less overexposure, but it is still there and even more underexposure!. The same goes for user [[BenH]]' of the Paris skyline. Again, the underexposure on Dillif' shot of the Palace of Westminster leaves whole parts of the building black, but somehow the all seem to have become FPs. ''' --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 09:04, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
::*Ok, granted in the strict technical sense they are not overexposed. But the concentration of very bright lights in that one spot of the photo draws your eye. And thats not what you want your eye to be drawn to. Perhaps because of those lights an FP of that location is not possible. ([[User:Giligone|Giligone]] ([[User talk:Giligone|talk]]) 16:02, 22 September 2008 (UTC))
*The lamps are burnt out, and this is very distracting on this shot. The fix is very nicely done though so I'll remain '''neutral''', but this still doesn't impress me. Having a look at it again, I'm now thinking that dusk doesn't suit the subject well. Notice that only three lamps lit the scene and no window has light behind. No lights to lit the buildings as well (even very basic flood lamps). The pictures you are referring to have plenty of light sources which give of much more enchanting atmosphere, and which is why dusk pictures can be so beautiful. This is just my opinion though. [[User:Blieusong|Blieusong]] ([[User talk:Blieusong|talk]]) 19:50, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
::You're pictures by the way deserve to be FP's. I might try to lower the saturation, so that the light are less orange. --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 20:26, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
:::*Lighting was against you (I insist, only three lamps !!)... and I think it's very nice you managed to get something this good out of that. Other wikipedians like the picture, so wait and see :) [[User:Blieusong|Blieusong]] ([[User talk:Blieusong|talk]]) 21:13, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
:::: I've created a less saturated version. Let me know if it is better than the current version. http://massimo.catarinella.nl/IMG_5328.jpg --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 22:12, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
:::::I prefer the less saturated version, but this isn't why I don't support it... The lighting of the scene is the issue to me. [[User:Blieusong|Blieusong]] ([[User talk:Blieusong|talk]]) 17:42, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Weak Support Edit2''' The mixed lighting is a little off putting - it would be better either shot a little later to reduce the contrast between sky and artificial or a little earlier to push the emphasis onto the sodium lighting. However my initial complaints have all been addressed. [[User:Mfield|Mfield]] ([[User talk:Mfield|talk]]) 18:54, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Weak Support Edit 3''' I've uploaded edit 3, which I think helps greatly with the disturbing lighting variation, though it's still a minor problem. [[User:Thegreenj|Thegreenj]] 01:48, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' any of them. The top of the tower is almost cropped, and the overall quality is not so "wow".--[[User:Caspian blue|Caspian blue]] ([[User talk:Caspian blue|talk]]) 12:21, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
:: The top of the tower is far from being cropped and the quality couldn't be better unless I would have shot it with and 1D or some camera similar to that one.... --[[User:Massimo Catarinella|Massimo Catarinella]] ([[User talk:Massimo Catarinella|talk]]) 14:15, 4 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' (edit 3) - This one has obviously been improved over the original, the lights in the walkway most definitely do not look as bad. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 20:55, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/September 2008]]</noinclude>

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:Missing square edit 2.gif

2008-10-07T20:53:06Z

Matthuxtable: /* Missing Square Puzzle */ edit support

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:Missing square edit 2.gif|Missing Square Puzzle]]===

[[Image:Missing square edit.gif|thumb|300px|'''Original''' - The [[missing square puzzle|Missing square puzzle]]. This is an alternative of the well-known "missing square paradox", popularized by Sam Loyd in the beginning of the 20th century. When the four quadrilaterals rotate about their centres, they fill the space occupied by the small red square. However the total area of the figure remains apparently unchanged during the process. Look better!]]
;Reason: highly pedagogic and funny geometrical illusion which doesn't call for any special mathematical or geometrical skills and motivates the reader to go through the detailed explanation in the article.
;Articles this image appears in:[[Missing square puzzle]]
;Creator:[[User:Alvesgaspar|Joaquim Alves Gaspar]]

*'''Info''' - Also a second try (see [[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Missing square|here]]), with some minor improvements. I made this puzzle more than twenty years ago (in wood) and haven't found yet any written reference to it. However, and because its principle is quite simple, it might be hidden is some old puzzle book. The aim of the animation is to puzzle the reader and defy him to find the explanation, which is quite simple and doesn't call for any special mathematical or geometrical skills. For a full description see the article.
* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Alvesgaspar|Alvesgaspar]] ([[User talk:Alvesgaspar|talk]]) 23:06, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Question''' According to the article, the apparent paradox is resolved because the 4 quadrilaterals + square combination is slightly larger than the four quadrilaterals alone. But the animation makes them the same size. Should the larger square be a pixel larger or something? Or does the documentation in the article need to be expanded and made more comprehensive? (I'm pretty sure it does.)--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 00:34, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
**The size of the big square in the animation does change slightly between the two arrangements.--[[User:Ragesoss|ragesoss]] ([[User talk:Ragesoss|talk]]) 00:51, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
***By golly it does! It's just undetectable in the thumbnail.--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 01:31, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
****I can see it in the thumbnail. Pick a corner, stare for a moment, and it'll move a couple of pixels. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 10:14, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
*****Oh yes...I must have been blind when I wrote the first comment.--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 13:14, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support'''. Interesting. I fixed a small spelling error in the caption. [[User:Amphytrite|Amphy]] ([[User talk:Amphytrite|talk]]) 02:24, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support''' it appeals to my inner geek. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 03:06, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''', but is the graphic demonstrating the problem, or answering it. I think that if lines showing the size change are included, it would increase the image's value, especially because the size difference appears so minimal in the thumbnail. '''[[User:Spencer|Spencer]]'''[[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 03:33, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
**Good idea, but the lines would be so close together they'd be hard to discern. By increasing the size of the orange square, we increase (exaggerate) the disparity between the two figure allowing the difference to be wider (clearer).--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 21:04, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Info''' -- Three small mistakes were corrected in frames 2, 11 and 12. Now I think it is pretty clear, in the transition from one frame to the next, that the area in being increased (or decreased) -- [[User:Alvesgaspar|Alvesgaspar]] ([[User talk:Alvesgaspar|talk]]) 12:11, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' - I like the sense of questionability and mathematics behind this image. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 20:52, 7 October 2008 (UTC)


{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/September 2008]]</noinclude>

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:Missing square edit 2.gif

2008-10-07T20:52:37Z

Matthuxtable: /* Missing Square Puzzle */ support

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Image:Missing square edit 2.gif|Missing Square Puzzle]]===

[[Image:Missing square edit.gif|thumb|300px|'''Original''' - The [[missing square puzzle|Missing square puzzle]]. This is an alternative of the well-known "missing square paradox", popularized by Sam Loyd in the beginning of the 20th century. When the four quadrilaterals rotate about their centres, they fill the space occupied by the small red square. However the total area of the figure remains apparently unchanged during the process. Look better!]]
;Reason: highly pedagogic and funny geometrical illusion which doesn't call for any special mathematical or geometrical skills and motivates the reader to go through the detailed explanation in the article.
;Articles this image appears in:[[Missing square puzzle]]
;Creator:[[User:Alvesgaspar|Joaquim Alves Gaspar]]

*'''Info''' - Also a second try (see [[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Missing square|here]]), with some minor improvements. I made this puzzle more than twenty years ago (in wood) and haven't found yet any written reference to it. However, and because its principle is quite simple, it might be hidden is some old puzzle book. The aim of the animation is to puzzle the reader and defy him to find the explanation, which is quite simple and doesn't call for any special mathematical or geometrical skills. For a full description see the article.
* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Alvesgaspar|Alvesgaspar]] ([[User talk:Alvesgaspar|talk]]) 23:06, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Question''' According to the article, the apparent paradox is resolved because the 4 quadrilaterals + square combination is slightly larger than the four quadrilaterals alone. But the animation makes them the same size. Should the larger square be a pixel larger or something? Or does the documentation in the article need to be expanded and made more comprehensive? (I'm pretty sure it does.)--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 00:34, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
**The size of the big square in the animation does change slightly between the two arrangements.--[[User:Ragesoss|ragesoss]] ([[User talk:Ragesoss|talk]]) 00:51, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
***By golly it does! It's just undetectable in the thumbnail.--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 01:31, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
****I can see it in the thumbnail. Pick a corner, stare for a moment, and it'll move a couple of pixels. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 10:14, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
*****Oh yes...I must have been blind when I wrote the first comment.--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 13:14, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support'''. Interesting. I fixed a small spelling error in the caption. [[User:Amphytrite|Amphy]] ([[User talk:Amphytrite|talk]]) 02:24, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support''' it appeals to my inner geek. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 03:06, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''', but is the graphic demonstrating the problem, or answering it. I think that if lines showing the size change are included, it would increase the image's value, especially because the size difference appears so minimal in the thumbnail. '''[[User:Spencer|Spencer]]'''[[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 03:33, 28 September 2008 (UTC)
**Good idea, but the lines would be so close together they'd be hard to discern. By increasing the size of the orange square, we increase (exaggerate) the disparity between the two figure allowing the difference to be wider (clearer).--[[User:HereToHelp|HereToHelp]] ([[User talk:HereToHelp|''talk to me'']]) 21:04, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Info''' -- Three small mistakes were corrected in frames 2, 11 and 12. Now I think it is pretty clear, in the transition from one frame to the next, that the area in being increased (or decreased) -- [[User:Alvesgaspar|Alvesgaspar]] ([[User talk:Alvesgaspar|talk]]) 12:11, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' - I like the sense of questionability and adventure with this image. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 20:52, 7 October 2008 (UTC)


{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/September 2008]]</noinclude>

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Dublin Rail Network

2008-10-07T20:50:46Z

Matthuxtable: /* Dublin Rail Network */ Matthuxtable - Support comment

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Dublin Rail Network|Dublin Rail Network]]===

[[Image:Dublin Rail Network.png|thumb|250px|'''Original''' - Map of the Greater Dublin Rail Network - showing Suburban Rail, Luas and proposed Metro and Commuter lines.]]
;Reason:Compelling, informative, high resolution image which adds greater understanding to the oft confusing topic at hand - Dublin's rail network.
;Articles this image appears in:[[Dublin Suburban Rail]]
;Creator:[[User:Stabilo boss|Stabilo boss]]

[[Image:Dublin Rail Network2.png|thumb|250px|'''Edit''' - Have Changed Colours (and a few editing mistakes)]]

[[Image:Dublin Rail Network3.png|thumb|250px|'''Edit 2''' - Further Mistakes edited.]]

[[Image:Dublin Rail Network3.svg|thumb|250px|'''Edit 2 SVG''' - SVG Version]]

* '''Support as nominator''' --[[User:Howth575|howth575]] ([[User talk:Howth575|talk]]) 08:47, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support''' A clear,easily understandable depiction which shows the lines in relation to each other and position in the city simply and without confusion. Is it possible to distinguish the Metro West and North lines any more clearly? The colourings look remarkably similar to me [[User:Lemon martini|Lemon martini]] ([[User talk:Lemon martini|talk]]) 11:22, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Comment''' I see your point, and unfortunately its not so easy, Unlike London or say Munich, Dart and Irish Rail Lines are not colour coded, the Luas Lines ''are'' because they were developed by a separate entity, Who haven't specified a colour coding for the Metro or the third Luas Line. I may edit it to show a different hue. I would have used SVG if illustrator didn't have a habit of mucking up the Fonts... [[User:Stabilo boss|Stabilo boss]] ([[User talk:Stabilo boss|talk]]) 14:40, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
*<s>'''Support Second Pic'''.</s> Super EV. :) [[User:Intothewoods29|Intothewoods29]] ([[User talk:Intothewoods29|talk]]) 18:27, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
** '''Comment''' New Version added...[[User:Stabilo boss|Stabilo boss]] ([[User talk:Stabilo boss|talk]]) 18:41, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''<s>Comment</s>Support''' Support edit 1. --[[User:Uncle.bungle|Uncle Bungle]] ([[User talk:Uncle.bungle|talk]]) 22:51, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' while it may have encyclopedic value, IMO it is boring, sorry. [[User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim|'''Muhammad''']][[User Talk:Muhammad Mahdi Karim|(''talk'')]] 02:05, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' per above. No "wow"... Good enc, though. --[[User:Janke|Janke]] | [[User talk:Janke|Talk]] 08:06, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Comment''' The 'wow' comes from the fact that half the subject matter in the image is yet to be constructed, and as such could be construed as something of a record of the ambitions etc for Dublin, similar to Abercrombie's unrealised plans[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Abercrombie]. [[User:Howth575|howth575]] ([[User talk:Howth575|talk]]) 11:27, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
**'''Comment''' ''A featured picture is not always required to be aesthetically pleasing; it might be shocking, impressive, or just highly informative. Highly graphic, historical and otherwise unique images may not have to be classically beautiful at all.'' I didn't see 'wow' on the list of criteria anywhere...
*** It's people reading in their bias into their votes because they think it should have have "wow" like a photo nom because most of the nominations are photographs while being ignorant to the fact that an illustration or diagram is never going to have wow compared to a photograph but can have a wow factor vs other diagrams. It's unfortunate that current FPC guidelines encourage this type of vote since it leads to most diagram noms failing for no good reason other than the voting block of the ignorant anti diagram group. [[User:Cat-five|Cat-five]] - [[User talk:Cat-five|talk]] 08:26, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
**** An illustration can have wow factor. Look at the images created by [[User:LadyofHats|LadyofHats]]. The images are both encyclopedic and ''wowwy''. This image however, is like a map of the place. A map does have EV but we cant feature all maps can we? [[User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim|'''Muhammad''']][[User Talk:Muhammad Mahdi Karim|(''talk'')]] 02:07, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
***** ''"wow"'' didn't save [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_picture_candidates/Valued_Image_Sets this] nomination. If the creator added some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_picture_candidates/Dali_Atomicus flying cats] or other ridiculous non-sense would that add enough "wow" to support? The fact is the diagram adds a lot to the article. --[[User:Uncle.bungle|Uncle Bungle]] ([[User talk:Uncle.bungle|talk]]) 21:57, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support edit 1''' High enc. value. I'm afraid it's impossible to make a schematic of metro rail lines as exciting as a battle or a beautiful runway model, but this is a clear and informative image that serves its purpose well. [[User:Durova|Durova]]''[[User talk:Durova|Charge!]]'' 18:52, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' either. No ''wow'' needed, even though its a positive factor. [[User:Ilikepie2221|Pie is good]] [[User talk:Ilikepie2221|(Apple is the best)]] 01:53, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' I prefer the London subway system personally, because it is a more interesting example and partially because it has more to show in my opinion, however this has good ev content and is a well done diagram. [[User:Cat-five|Cat-five]] - [[User talk:Cat-five|talk]] 08:26, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Support''' - can't vouch for the accuracy (I didn't even know Dublin had trains!), but I see wow. [[User Talk:Stevage|Stevage]] 00:26, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' Just a generic map. You've seen one you've seen them all - why should we feature this one in particular? I'm not saying it's not useful in an article but useful map does not equal FP --[[User:Abdominator|Abdominator]] ([[User talk:Abdominator|talk]]) 04:11, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Comments/Questions/Suggestions.''' (Note: all these relate to ''Edit 1'', and some look to not have been an issue in the ''Original''.) At the risk of being labelled as one of “the voting block of the ignorant anti diagram group” (who incidentally aren’t working too successfully as a voting block or group here – hmm, go figure), the thing about diagrams is that they can be easily corrected and improved. So on that note, I will list a few observations – act on them at your will, as this will likely be promoted regardless:
# Why the inconsistent use of font sizes? Is that meant to indicate major and minor places/stations, is it just a convenience, or an error. See for example the bottom of the Green/Yellow line along the water with the stations on the green side in a bigger font than those on the yellow line. This occurs in many other places with station names. And the font size on the ‘Northern Intercity and Commuter’ is considerably bigger than any of the other Intercities. Why?
#Alignments of names with stations are inconsistent – see for example Killmacud, Stillorgan, Sandyford, one after the other, but all aligned at different heights with the station indicators.
# On a similar note, some station names are too close to, or overlap, the station indicator – it looks a bit sloppy and in some cases is hard to read. Some examples, Sydney Parade, Windy Arbour, St. James.
# Inconsistent spacing when using slashes – see for example Salthill / Monkstown (with spaces) vs Sandycove/Glasthule (no spaces).
# Some abbreviations I’m unclear on (and they may well be correct). Should DCU and N.A.C. be initials or should they be written out in full? Why does one have full stops and the other doesn’t? Ditto for S.C. Also I know what St., Rd. & Ave. are for example (do they need the fullstops after them?), but what is Jc.? And is the ampersand in Rush & Lusk technically correct – seems unusual?
# Shouldn’t the icons be keyed? E.g., what is the anchor? Does that just indicate water, or is it indicating specific locations of say docks? If it’s just indicating water then I’d move them well away from station names.
# I was wondering about using PNG vs SVG and saw your comment above about it, and I’m not really sure – how do others get SVG to work successfully? An issue is that this is illegible at anything below full image size (not only thumbnail, but even image page size is basically unreadable, and I’ve gotta say I don't think that’s really ideal).
# I’m wondering why no one has requested references be stated on the image page (just interested, because they normally do with, say, the LadyOfHats biological diagrams).
:It does look an informative and neat diagram, and I don’t mean to be too picky, but I felt obliged to comment given the derogatory statements made by an earlier contributor directed at those opposing. A significant part of the reason that a lot of diagrams fail is nothing whatsoever to do with “the voting block of the ignorant anti diagram group”, but is rather more to do with diagrams containing basic errors and problems that can be easily fixed (along with the work taken to review them properly discouraging voters). I mean, with all the ‘minor’ issues I’ve listed here, apparently no one else has noticed them, looked for them, or taken the time and effort to comment (and I know some contributors have commented before that they simply don't see those things themselves if they're not pointed out). Now that may mean they're insignificant for some people, but to me a diagram needs that sort of perfection to make it ‘featureable’. --[[User:Jjron|jjron]] ([[User talk:Jjron|talk]]) 10:39, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Comment''' I'll answer two of the above, out of my own knowledge:
:5. D.C.U. (Dublin City University) and N.A.C. (National Aquatic Centre) are both sets of initials. Jc. is junction. In my experience, Ireland is somewhere in the middle of American and British conventions regarding the use of full stops for initials and contractions, probably leaning toward the former. Therefore, I'd leave full stops in for them all. Rush & Lusk is correct - that's the name of the station. 
:6. The anchor refers to the ferry ports near Point Sq. and at Dún Laoghaire. I agree, they should be keyed. 
:I'll also add two: 
:9. It's just a minor grammatical error but there should be apostrophes in the following: St. Stephen's Green; St. Brigid's; St. James'. 
:10. "Underground Dart" might want to be changed to "Dart Interconnector", since that's the name being thrown around for that tunnel in most of the planning documents. 
:11. The planned intercity line to Navan isn't in the key, and the broken line used to show it is different from the broken lines used to show other planned lines.
:So, I'm <s>'''neutral'''</s> right now, but I'll have no problem strongly supporting once these problems are fixed up. The enc. value is excellent. --[[User:Schcambo|Schcambo]][[User_talk:Schcambo|aon scéal?]] 20:13, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
:: Strike this vote (see below). --[[User:Schcambo|Schcambo]][[User_talk:Schcambo|aon scéal?]] 21:14, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Weak support''' It's a nice svg, but it's a weak support from me. I want to know a little more about the rail network, but the image doesn't have a lot of "wow", as said above. In addition, I like this better than another rail network FP: [[:Image:Madrid-metro-map.png]], because it provides more context for the rail system (the water). '''[[User:Spencer|Spencer]]'''[[User talk:Spencer|T♦]][[Special:Contributions/Spencer|C]] 00:51, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

*'''Comment by Author'''
:1. Font Sizes: Poor Editing on my Behalf. Should all be same, and all were in the Orignal but started moving them around due to SVG Problems noted below. Then Tried Changing it to size five for Luas, 6 for Dart/Commuter. and the Intercity ones just were whatever I used last...
:2. Station Name alignment. Again When exported to PNG from SVG, Some of the alignment for fonts was terrible, I fixed some of them but haven't really had time to go in and do them all.
:3. Same as above.
:4. Poor Grammar on my Behalf.
:5. DCU in Common Usage is written as such. "DCU" while to be grammatically correct it should Be D.C.U. N.A.C. is never referred to as NAC though. St. Ave. Rd. are correct. Jc. is not really used outside Rail networks. and the Name of the Station IS "Lusk & Rush", which Contrasts to Salthill / Monkstown which should maybe be Salthill & Monkstown, but the Station name is as shown.
:6. These Indicate Links to Passenger Ferries. Yes should be keyed.
:7. I Created this in Illustrator, and the intention was to publish in SVG. However, for some reason Illustrator came up with an Unknown error and I had to export to PNG, When I did, Some of the Font Sizes and Alignments came out wrong. So doing guesswork in Illustrator to Align them correctly.
:8. The Planned Rail Line to Navan is done differently and I may need to have a look at it again. It SHOULD be a commuter line when complete. But the differences between the Commuter / Intercity / Dart Services is a very blurry Line at the moment.. Oh to Be like Germany and have an Intercity / S-Bahn and U - Bahn. all clearly defined...
:''Finally'' I am an Amateur. Design is something I do in my Spare time, I am learning Illustrator and not that familiar with SVG yet. I never expected this to be voted as a FP. Personally I think it needs too much work and while it does have high ENC Value. there is just to much up in the air about Planned stations / lines and services that will operate on them. So The Existing Lines, Under Construction Lines, and Planned lines will need to be clarified more. I haven't really come up with a convention for those its not like I've had 70 years of practice like TFL. This was very much a new direction for a map that I had [[/media/wikipedia/en/archive/b/bb/20080914191734!Dublin_Rail_Network.png here]] Which You can see is a lot more confusing. I went the Way of the London underground and ignored geographic locations and tried to make it as simple as possible (Which It isn't) you basically have 7 Rail Lines on 5 Services. and 2 Light rail lines. being a Dubliner, and appreciating top class rail networks in other cities I use in my travels. I HOPE the rail network in Dublin does actually look like this in 5 or 7 years time. There are very few good quality maps out there of this network (take a look at Irish Rails own Website! You should try moving around this network Like I do at the weekends.) This was my Attempt at adding a comprehensive and accurate diagram of it. So I'm afraid '''Oppose''' in this format. and I will upload a new version taking into account all the comments above as soon as I can. [[User:Stabilo boss|Stabilo boss]] ([[User talk:Stabilo boss|talk]]) 14:14, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
*'''Suggest Delist''' and nominate the new version when it's ready. --[[User:Uncle.bungle|Uncle Bungle]] ([[User talk:Uncle.bungle|talk]]) 21:12, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

*'''New Edit 2 Added''' [[User:Stabilo boss|Stabilo boss]] ([[User talk:Stabilo boss|talk]]) 07:26, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

* '''Support''' edit two. --[[User:Schcambo|Schcambo]][[User_talk:Schcambo|aon scéal?]] 21:14, 27 September 2008 (UTC)
* '''Support''' edit two SVG (I chaned my vote above) [[User:Intothewoods29|Intothewoods29]] ([[User talk:Intothewoods29|talk]]) 20:33, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

* '''Support''' (Edit 2) - I particularly like this idea, and the drawing of the rail network is a good addition to the encyclopaedia. I would see no harm in it being nominated as a Featured Picture. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 20:50, 7 October 2008 (UTC)


{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/September 2008]]</noinclude>

Western United States

2008-10-07T19:46:51Z

Matthuxtable: corrected capitalisation "the West" to "The West" since "The" is part of one of the terms for the American West

{{Refimprove|date=May 2007}}
{{Redirect|American West|the similarly-named airline|America West Airlines}}
[[Image:120px-US map-West.png|thumb|300px|Regional definitions vary from source to source. The states shown in dark red are usually included, while all or portions of the striped states may or may not be considered part of present-day western United States.]]
[[Image:Map of USA highlighting West.png|thumb|300px|As defined by the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]], the western United States includes 13 states: [[Alaska]], [[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Hawaii]], [[Idaho]], [[Montana]], [[Nevada]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oregon]], [[Utah]], [[Washington]], and [[Wyoming]].]]

The '''Western United States'''—commonly referred to as the '''American West''' or simply '''The West'''—traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost [[U.S. state|states]] of the [[United States]] (see [[#Geographical terminology|geographical terminology]] section for further discussion of these terms). Because the United States [[Manifest Destiny|expanded westward]] after its founding, the meaning of the West has evolved over time. The [[Mississippi River]] is often referenced as the easternmost possible boundary of The West.

According to the [[U.S. Coast Guard]], "The Western Rivers System consists of the Mississippi, [[Ohio River|Ohio]], [[Missouri River|Missouri]], [[Illinois River|Illinois]], [[Tennessee River|Tennessee]], [[Cumberland River|Cumberland]], [[Arkansas River|Arkansas]] and White Rivers and their tributaries, and certain other rivers that flow towards the [[Gulf of Mexico]]" not the [[Sacramento River|Sacramento]] and [[Columbia River|Columbia]].

The "West" had played an important part in [[American history]]; the [[Old West]] is embedded in America's folklore.

==Geography==
[[Image:Gateway arch.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Jefferson National Expansion Memorial#The Gateway Arch|Gateway Arch]] in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], also known as the "Gateway to the West", commemorates the westward expansion of the United States.]]

In its most expansive definition, the western U.S. is the largest region, covering more than half the land area of the United States. It is also the most geographically diverse, incorporating geographic regions such as the [[West Coast of the United States|Pacific Coast]], the temperate [[rain forest]]s of the [[Pacific Northwest|Northwest]], the [[Rocky Mountains]], the [[Great Plains]], most of the tall-grass prairie eastward to Western Wisconsin,[[Illinois]], the western [[Ozark]] plateau, the western portions of the southern forests, the [[Gulf Coast]], and all of the desert areas located in the United States (the [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], [[Great Basin Desert|Great Basin]], and [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahua]] deserts).

The region encompasses some of the [[Louisiana Purchase]], most of the land ceded by [[Great Britain|Britain]] in 1818, some of the land acquired when the [[Republic of Texas]] joined the U.S., all of the land ceded by Britain in 1846, all of the land ceded by [[Mexico]] in 1848, and all of the [[Gadsden Purchase]].

===Variation and regionalism===
As the largest region in the [[United States]] there is variation to such an extent in the West that it is often broken down into regions. [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]] are always considered to be in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]] while portions of [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Nevada]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Texas]], and [[Utah]] are sometimes considered part of the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]], while all or part of [[Idaho]], [[Montana]], [[Oregon]], [[Washington]], and [[Wyoming]] can be considered part of the [[Northwestern United States|Northwest]], more narrowly part or all of those same states, with the exception of [[Wyoming]] and the eastern portions of [[Montana]] and [[Idaho]], and the addition of the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[British Columbia]] comprise the [[Pacific Northwest]].

The West can be divided into the [[Pacific States]]; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington, with the term [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] usually restricted to just California, Oregon, and Washington, and the [[Mountain States]], always Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Alaska and Hawaii, being detached from the other western states, have few similarities with them, but are usually also classified as part of the West. Western [[Texas]] in the [[Chihuahuan Desert]] is also traditionally considered part of the Western U.S.

Some western states are grouped into regions with eastern states. Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota are often included in the [[Midwest]], which also includes states like [[Iowa]], [[Illinois]] and [[Wisconsin]]. Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana -- and to a lesser extent, Oklahoma -- are also considered part of the [[Southern United States|South]].

It is rare for any state east of the [[Mississippi River]] to be considered part of the modern west. Historically, however, the [[Northwest Territory]] was an important early territory of the U.S., comprising the modern states of [[Ohio]], [[Indiana]], [[Illinois]], [[Michigan]] and [[Wisconsin]], as well as the northeastern part of [[Minnesota]].

==Demographics==
[[Image:Map of USA highlighting european minority.svg|thumb|200px|right|US States in which no ethnic or racial group forms a majority]]As defined by the [[United States Census Bureau]],<ref>http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf US Census Bureau's official map</ref> the Western [[region]] of the [[United States]] includes 13 states (with a total 2006 estimated population of 69,355,643) and is split into two smaller units, or divisions:
*'''The [[Mountain States]]:''' [[Montana]], [[Wyoming]], [[Colorado]], [[New Mexico]], [[Idaho]], [[Utah]], [[Arizona]], and [[Nevada]]
*'''The [[Pacific States]]:''' [[Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]], [[Alaska]] and [[Hawaii]]

However, the United States Census Bureau uses only one definition of the West in its reporting system, which may not coincide with what may be historically or culturally considered the West. For example, in the 2000 Census, the Census Bureau included the state with the second largest Hispanic population, Texas, in the [[Southern United States|South]], included the state with the second largest [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] population, Oklahoma, also in the South, and included the Dakotas, with their large populations of Plains Indians, in with the [[Midwest (United States)|Midwest]]. However, it should be noted that the western half of Oklahoma and far [[West Texas]], are neither culturally, geographically or socioeconomically identified with the South, as are the eastern portions of those states, and these areas are commonly understood to be part of the West or [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]], sometimes interchangeably, by residents and visitors alike.{{Fact|date=October 2007}}

Statistics from the 2000 United States Census, adjusted to include the second tier of States west of the Mississippi, show that, under that definition, the West would have a population of 91,457,662, including 1,611,447 Indians, or 1.8% of the total, and 22,377,288 Hispanics (the majority Mexican), or 24.5% of the total. Indians comprise 0.9% of all Americans, and Hispanics, 12.5%. Asians, important from the very beginning in the history of the West, totaled 5,161,446, or 5.6%, with most living in the Far West. African-Americans, totaled 5,929,968, or 6.5%--lower than the national proportion (12.8%). The highest concentration (12%) of black residents in the West is found in Texas--the only Western state in which slavery was established.

The West is still one of the most sparsely settled areas in the United States with 49.5 inhabitants per square mile (19/km²). Only Texas with 78.0 inhabitants/sq mi. (30/km²), Washington with 86.0 inhabitants/sq mi. (33/km²), and California with 213.4 inhabitants/sq mi. (82/km²) exceed the national average of 77.98 inhabitants/sq mi. (30/km²).
[[Image:American West census maps.png|700px|thumb|center|These maps from the 2000 US Census highlight differences from state to state of three minority groups. Note that most of the Native American, Hispanic, and Asian population is in the West.]]
The entire Western region has also been strongly influenced by [[European culture|European]], [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] and [[Hispanics]] culture; it contains the largest number of minorities in the U.S. and encompasses the only four American states where all racial groups including [[Whites|Caucasian]]s are a minority (California, Hawaii, New Mexico, and Texas). While most of the studies of racial dynamics in America such as riots in Los Angeles have been written about European and African Americans, in many cities in the West and California, European and African Americans together are less than half the population because of the preference for the region by Hispanics and Asians. African and European Americans, however, continue to wield a stronger political influence because of the lower rates of citizenship and voting among Asians and Hispanics.

Because the tide of development had not yet reached most of the West when [[Conservation ethic|conservation]] became a national issue, agencies of the [[Government of the United States|federal government]] own and manage vast areas of land. (The most important among these are the [[National Park Service]] and the [[Bureau of Land Management]] within the [[United States Department of the Interior|Interior Department]], and the [[United States Forest Service|U. S. Forest Service]] within the [[United States Department of Agriculture|Agriculture Department]].) [[National park]]s are reserved for recreational activities such as [[fishing]], [[camping]], [[hiking]], and [[boating]], but other government lands also allow commercial activities like [[ranching]], [[logging]] and [[mining]]. In recent years, some local residents who earn their livelihoods on federal land have come into conflict with the land's managers, who are required to keep land use within environmentally acceptable limits.

The largest city in the region is [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], located on the West Coast. Other West Coast cities include [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], and [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]. Prominent cities in the Mountain States include [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]], [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], and [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake City]].

== Natural geography ==
[[Image:US west coast physiographic regions map.jpg|right|thumb|The Geography of the Western United States is split into three [[Physiographic Regions of the United States|major physiographic divisions]]: [[Geography of the United States Rocky Mountain System|the Rocky Mountain System]] (areas 16-19 on map),[[Geography of the United States Intermontane Plateaus|the Intermontane Plateaus]] (20-22), and [[Geography of the United States Pacific Mountain System|the Pacific Mountain System]] (23-25).]]
Along the [[Pacific Ocean]] coast lie the [[Coast Ranges]], which, while not approaching the scale of the [[Rocky Mountains|Rockies]], are formidable nevertheless. They collect a large part of the airborne moisture moving in from the ocean. Even in the relatively arid climate of central California, the Coast Ranges squeeze enough water out of the clouds to support the growth of [[coast redwood]]s. East of the Coast Ranges lie several cultivated fertile [[valley]]s, notably the [[San Joaquin Valley]] of California and the [[Willamette Valley]] of Oregon.

Beyond the valleys lie the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] in the south and the [[Cascade Range]] in the north. These mountains are some of the highest in the United States. [[Mount Whitney]], at 14,505 feet (4,421 m) the tallest peak in the contiguous 48 states, is in the Sierra Nevada. The Cascades are also volcanic. [[Mount Rainier]], a volcano in Washington, is also well over 14,000 feet (4,250 meters approx.). [[Mount St. Helens]], a volcano in the Cascades [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|erupted explosively in 1980]]. A major volcanic eruption at [[Mount Mazama]] around 4860 BCE, forming [[Crater Lake]]. These mountain ranges see heavy precipitation, capturing most of the moisture that remains after the Coast Ranges, and creating a [[rain shadow]] to the east forming vast stretches of arid land. These dry areas encompass much of Nevada, Utah and Arizona. The [[Mojave Desert]] and [[Sonoran Desert]] along with other deserts are found here.

Beyond the deserts lie the Rocky Mountains. In the north, they run immediately east of the Cascade Range, so that the desert region does not reach all the way to the Canadian border. The Rockies are hundreds of miles wide, and run uninterrupted from [[New Mexico]] to Alaska. The tallest peaks of the Rockies, some of which are over 14,000 feet (4,250 meters approx.), are found in central Colorado.

The West has several long rivers that empty into the [[Pacific Ocean]], while the eastern rivers run into the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The [[Mississippi River]] forms the easternmost possible boundary for the West today. The [[Missouri River]], a tributary of the Mississippi, flows from its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains eastward across the [[Great Plains]], a vast [[pasture|grass]]y plateau, before sloping gradually down to the forests and hence to the Mississippi. The [[Colorado River]] snakes through the Mountain states, at one point forming the [[Grand Canyon]]. The Colorado is a major source of water in the Southwest and many dams, such as the [[Hoover Dam]], form reservoirs along it. So much water is drawn for drinking water throughout the West and irrigation in California that in some years, water from the Colorado no longer reaches the [[Gulf of California]]. The [[Columbia River]], the largest river in volume flowing into the Pacific Ocean from North America, and its tributary, the [[Snake River]], water the Pacific Northwest. The [[Platte River|Platte]] runs through Nebraska and is a mile (2 km) wide but only a half-inch (1 cm) deep. The [[Rio Grande]] forms the border between, Texas and Mexico before turning due north and splitting New Mexico in half.

===Climate and agriculture===
[[Image:Public-Lands-Western-US.png|thumb|350px|left|Most of the public land held by the U.S. National Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management is in the Western states. Public lands account for 25 to 75 percent of the total land area in these states<ref>[http://www.wildlandfire.com/docs/2007/western-states-data-public-land.htm Western States Data Public Land Acreage]</ref>.]]
[[Image:Bureau of Reclamation regions.png|thumb|left|Bureau of Reclamation regions]]

The seasonal temperatures vary greatly throughout the West. Annual rainfall is greater in the eastern portions, gradually tapering off until reaching the Pacific Coast where it again increases. In fact, the greatest annual rainfall in the United States falls in the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest. The heaviest snows in the nation fall in the Rockies. Drought is much more common in the West than the rest of the United States. The driest place recorded in the U.S. is [[Death Valley]], California.

Violent thunderstorms occur east of the Rockies. Tornadoes occur every spring on the southern plains, with the most common and most destructive centered on [[Tornado Alley]], which covers eastern portions of the West, ([[Texas]] to [[North Dakota]]), and all states in between and to the east.

Agriculture varies depending on rainfall, irrigation, soil, elevation, and temperature extremes. The arid regions generally support only livestock grazing, chiefly beef cattle. The ''[[wheat belt]]'' extends from Texas through the [[Dakotas]], producing most of the wheat and soybeans in the U.S. and exporting more to the rest of the world. Irrigation in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]] allows the growing of great quantities of fruits, nuts, and vegetables as well as grain, hay, and flowers. Texas is a major cattle and sheep raising area, as well as the nation's largest producer of cotton. Washington is famous for its apples, and Idaho for its potatoes. California and Arizona are major producers of [[citrus]] crops, although growing metropolitan sprawl is absorbing much of this land.

Local state and Government officials started to understand, after several surveys made during the latter part of the nineteenth century, that only action by the federal government could provide water resources needed to support the development of the West{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Starting in 1902, Congress passed a series of acts authorizing the establishment of the [[United States Bureau of Reclamation]] to oversee water development projects in seventeen western states.

During the first half of the 20th century, dams and irrigation projects provided water for rapid agricultural growth throughout the West and brought prosperity for several states, where agriculture had previously only been subsistence level. Following [[World War II]], the West's cities experienced an economic and population boom. The population growth, mostly in the [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]], has strained water and power resources, with water diverted from agricultural uses to major population centers, such as [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] and Los Angeles.

===Geology===
Plains make up most of the eastern half of the West, underlain with sedimentary rock from the Upper [[Paleozoic]], [[Mesozoic]], and [[Cenozoic]] eras. The Rocky Mountains expose igneous and metamorphic rock from both the [[Precambrian]] and the Post Precambrian periods. The Inter-mountain States and Pacific Northwest have huge expanses of volcanic rock from the Cenozoic period. [[Salt flat]]s and salt lakes reveal a time when the great inland seas covered much of what is now the West. The Pacific states are the most geologically active areas in the United States. [[Earthquake]]s cause major damage every few years in California. While the Pacific states are the most volcanically active areas, extinct [[volcano]]es and lava flows are found throughout most of the western half of the West.

<gallery>
Image:DSCN0191.JPG| Columbia River
Image:Rainier_and_sound.JPG| Puget Sound & Mt. Rainier
Image:DSCN1423.JPG|Columbia Coast
Image:Sol_duc_rain_forest.JPG| Olympic National Park
Image:Bild 478.jpg|Antelope Canyon
Image:Yosemite meadows 2004-09-04.jpg|Yosemite
Image:Delicatearch.png|Delicate Arch
Image:Byrcecanyon.jpg|Bryce Canyon
Image:Adams The Tetons and the Snake River.jpg|The Tetons
Image:April 17 2005 Seaside Oregon United States.JPG|Pacific Ocean
Image:Monument Valley 2.jpg|Monument Valley
Image:Rogue River Oregon USA.jpg|Rogue River
Image:Zion angels landing view.jpg|Angels Landing in Zion NP
Image:MtHood TrilliumLake.jpg|Mount Hood
Image:Grandcanyon view1.jpg|Grand Canyon
Image:Yellowstone Grand Geysir 01.jpg|Yellowstone
Image:Fillmorevolcano.jpg|Extinct Volcano, Utah
Image:Rockies USA1.jpg|Colorado Rockies
Image:Looking back to Little Port Walter - NOAA.jpg|Alaska
Image:El Capitan base 2005-03-12.jpg|El Capitan, Texas
Image:Threepatriarchs.jpg|Zion National Park
Image:Big05.jpg|Hawaii
Image:Snakeriveridfls.jpg|Snake River at Idaho Falls
Image:Mojavedesert.jpg|Mojave Desert
Image:Timpafcanyon.jpg|Western Rocky Mountains
Image:GRBA Arial-Wheeler-Winter.jpg|Wheeler Peak, Great Basin National Park
Image:View-from-Spanish-Bay.jpg|Pacific Ocean at Pebble Beach, California
Image:Grandjunctionalpineloop 035.jpg|The Colorado River
Image:Glacier np.jpg|Glacier National Park
Image:Northwest New Mexico.jpg|The Colorado Plateau in northwest New Mexico
Image:USMexicoborder.jpg|The United States/Mexico border
Image:Mount McKinley and Denali National Park Road 2048px.jpg|Mount McKinley, Alaska. The highest point in North America.
Image:Sunset in Saguaro National Park.JPG|Saguaro National Park
Image:SUPERSTITIONS AZ15.jpg|Superstition Mountains
Image:Grand Junction Trip 92007 135.JPG|Green River in Utah.
Image:PSP 018.jpg|The Great Basin in winter.
</gallery>

==History and culture==
Facing both the Pacific Ocean and the [[Mexico|Mexican]] border, the West has been shaped by a variety of ethnic groups. [[Hawaii]] is the only state in the union in which [[Asian American]]s outnumber European American residents. Asians from many countries have settled in [[California]] and other coastal states in several waves of immigration since the 1800s, contributing to the Gold Rush, the building of the transcontinental railroad, agriculture, and more recently, high technology.

The southwestern border states – California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas – all have large [[Mexican American]] populations, and the many [[Spanish language|Spanish]] place names attest to their history as former Mexican territories.

The West also contains much of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population in the U.S., particularly in the large reservations in the mountain and desert states.
[[Image:hollywood.jpg|right|thumb|[[Hollywood]] is a well-known area of Los Angeles and the symbolic center of the American film industry.]]
Because of having once been a Southern slave state, Texas has a sizeable, non-migrant and rural, African-American population, particularly in the eastern half.

Alaska – the northernmost state in the Union – is a vast land of few, but hearty, people, many of them native; and of great stretches of wilderness, protected in [[national park]]s and [[wildlife refuge]]s. Hawaii's location makes it a major gateway between the U.S. and Asia, as well as a center for tourism.

In the Pacific Coast states, the wide areas filled with small towns, farms, and forests are supplemented by a few big port cities which have evolved into world centers for the media and technology industries. Now the second largest city in the nation, [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] is best known as the home of the [[Hollywood]] [[film]] industry; the area around Los Angeles also was a major center for the [[aerospace]] industry by [[World War II]], though Boeing, located in Washington state would lead the aerospace industry. Fueled by the growth of Los Angeles – as well as the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], including [[Silicon Valley]] – California has become the most populous of all the states. Oregon and Washington have also seen rapid growth with the rise of [[Boeing]] and [[Microsoft]] along with agriculture and resource based industries. The desert and mountain states have relatively low population densities, and developed as ranching and mining areas which are only recently becoming urbanized. Most of them have highly individualistic cultures, and have worked to balance the interests of urban development, recreation, and the environment.
[[Image:Newspaperrock.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Newspaper Rock Historic Monument,[[Utah]] contains petroglyphs left by the first inhabitants of the American Southwest.]]
Culturally distinctive points include the large [[Mormon]] population of Southeastern [[Idaho]], [[Utah]], Northern [[Arizona]] and [[Nevada]]; the extravagant [[casino]] resort towns of [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] and [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]], Nevada; and, of course, the many [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribal reservations.

===American Old West===
{{main| American Old West}}
Major settlement of the western territories by migrants from the states in the east developed rapidly in the 1840s, largely{{Fact|date=February 2007}} through the [[Oregon Trail]] and the [[California Gold Rush]] of 1849; California experienced such a rapid growth in a few short months that it was admitted to statehood in 1850 without the normal transitory phase of becoming an official territory. The largest {{Fact|date=September 2008}} migration in American history occurred in the 1840s as the [[Latter-day Saint]]s left the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] for the safety of the West. Both [[Omaha, Nebraska]] and [[St. Louis, Missouri]] laid claim to the title, "Gateway to the West" during this period. Omaha, home to the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] and the [[Mormon Trail]], made its fortunes on outfitting settlers; St. Louis built itself upon the vast [[fur trade]] in the West before its settlement.

The 1850s were marked by political controversies which were part of the national [[Origins of the American Civil War (2/4)#The question of slavery in the West|issues leading to the Civil War]], though California had been established as a non-slave state in the [[Compromise of 1850]]; California played little role in the war itself due to its geographically distance from major campaigns. In the aftermath of the Civil War, many former Confederate partisans migrated to California during the end of the [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]] period.

[[Image:Cowboy.jpg|200px|right|thumb|American cowboy circa 1887]]

The history of the American West in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century has acquired a cultural mythos in the literature and cinema of the United States{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. The image of the [[cowboy]], the [[homesteader]] and [[Manifest Destiny|westward expansion]] took real events and transmuted them into a myth of the west which has influenced [[American culture]] since at least the 1920s.

Writers as diverse as [[Bret Harte]] and [[Zane Grey]] celebrated or derided [[cowboy]] culture, while artists such as [[Frederic Remington]] created [[western art]] as a method of recording the expansion into the west{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. The [[Cinema of the United States|American cinema]], in particular, created the genre of the [[western movie]], which, in many cases, use the West as a metaphor for the virtue of self-reliance and an American ethos. The contrast between the romanticism of culture about the West and the actuality of the history of the westward expansion has been a theme of late Twentieth and early Twenty-First century scholarship about the West{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. [[Cowboy]] culture has become embedded in the American experience as a common cultural touchstone, and modern forms as diverse as [[country and western music]] and the works of artist [[Georgia O'Keefe]] have celebrated the supposed sense of isolation and independence of spirit inspired by the unpopulated and relatively harsh climate of the region{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.

As a result of the various periods of rapid growth, many new residents were migrants who were seeking to make a new start after previous histories of either personal failure or hostilities developed in their previous communities{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. With these and other migrants who harbored more commercial goals in the opening country, the area developed a strong ethos of self-determinism and individual freedom{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, as communities were created whose residents shared no prior connection or common set of ideals and allegiances. The open land of the region allowed residents to live at a much greater distance from neighbors than had been possible in eastern cities, and an ethic of tolerance for the different values and goals of other residents developed. California's state constitutions (in both 1849 and 1879) were largely drafted by groups which sought a strong emphasis on individual property rights and personal freedom, arguably at the expense of ideals tending toward civic community{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.

===The twentieth century===
{{main|20th century}}
By 1890, the frontier was gone<ref>[http://xroads.virginia.edu/~Hyper/TURNER/ Frederick Jackson Turner, ''The Significance of the Frontier in American History'', 1920, ISBN 0486291677, Ch.1:] "In a recent bulletin of the Superintendent of the Census for 1890 appear these significant words: "Up to and including 1880 the country had a frontier of settlement, but at present the unsettled area has been so broken into by isolated bodies of settlement that there can hardly be said to be a frontier line. In the discussion of its extent, its westward movement, etc., it can not, therefore, any longer have a place in the census reports." On-line version of the book]</ref>. The advent of the automobile enabled the average American to tour the West. Western businessmen promoted [[U.S. Route 66]] as a means to bring tourism and industry to the West. In the 1950s, representatives from all the western states built the [[Cowboy Hall of Fame]] and [[Western Heritage Center]] to showcase western culture and greet travelers from the East. During the latter half of the twentieth century, several transcontinental interstate highways crossed the West bringing more trade and tourists from the East. In the news, reports spoke of oil boom towns in [[Texas]] and [[Oklahoma]] rivaling the old mining camps for their lawlessness, of the Dust Bowl forcing children of the original homesteaders even further west. The movies replaced the dime novel as the chief entertainment source featuring western fiction{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.

In recent decades, Western cities' reputation for diversity and tolerance has been marred by [[racial segregation|segregation]], along with accusations of [[racial profiling]] and [[police brutality]] towards minorities, sometimes leading to racially based riots. Nevertheless, perhaps because so many westerners have moved there from other regions to make a new start, as a rule interpersonal relations remain marked by a tolerant and individualistic "live and let live" attitude. The western economy is varied. California, for example, features both agriculture and high-technology manufacturing as major sectors in its economy.

==Major population centers==
<gallery>
Image:LosAngeles06.jpg|[[Los Angeles, California]]
Image:PhoenixdowntownArizonaUSA.jpg|[[Phoenix, Arizona]]
Image:Sandiego_1_bg_071302.jpg|[[San Diego, California]]
Image:El Paso Skyline.jpg|[[El Paso, Texas]]*
Image:SJPan.jpg|[[San Jose, California]]
Image:Lightmatter sanfrancisco.jpg|[[San Francisco, California]]
Image:Seattle SW.JPG|[[Seattle, Washington]]
Image:2006-07-14-Denver Skyline Midnight.jpg|[[Denver, Colorado]]
Image:PortlandOR allbridges.jpg|[[Portland, Oregon]]
Image:Sacramento from Riverwalk.jpg|[[Sacramento, California]]
Image:Las Vegas Strip.png|[[Las Vegas, Nevada]]
Image:Salt_Lake_City_panorama.jpg|[[Salt Lake City, Utah]]
Image:Honolulu01.JPG|[[Honolulu, Hawaii]]
Image:Downtown Tucson.jpg|[[Tucson, Arizona]]
Image:Downtown albuquerque from e.jpg|[[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]
Image:Anchorage1.jpg|[[Anchorage, Alaska]]
Image:Oaklandatnight02192006.JPG|[[Oakland, California]]
Image:Cot sky.jpg|[[Boise, Idaho]]
Image:Reno with mountains.gif|[[Reno, Nevada]]
Image:SpokaneWA FromSouthHill.jpg|[[Spokane, Washington]]
Image:Provo010 edited-1.jpg|[[Provo, Utah]]
Image:DowntownSprings.jpg|[[Colorado Springs, Colorado]]
Image:Billings Skyline.jpg|[[Billings, Montana]]
Image:Santa Fe NM.jpg|[[Santa Fe, New Mexico]]
Image:Flagstaff_downtown_SFmtn.jpg|[[Flagstaff, Arizona]]
Image:Ogden20071.jpg|[[Ogden, Utah]]
Image:Idaho Falls Bonneville Hotel.jpg|[[Idaho Falls, Idaho]]
Image:SkylineofLongbeach.jpg|[[Long Beach, California]]
</gallery>

===[[Combined Statistical Area]]s===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Rank (US) !! align=center | CSA !! State !! Population (million)
|-
| 2 ||[[Greater Los Angeles Area|Los Angeles–Long Beach–Riverside]] || [[California]] || 17.6
|-
| 6 ||[[San Francisco Bay Area|San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland (San Francisco Bay Area)]] || [[California]] || 7.2
|-
| 12 ||[[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle–Tacoma–Olympia (Puget Sound Region)]] || [[Washington]] || 3.8
|-
| 14 ||[[Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area|Denver–Aurora–Boulder]] || [[Colorado]] || 2.9
|-
| 34 ||[[Wasatch Front|Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield]] || [[Utah]] || 1.6
|}

===[[Metropolitan Statistical Areas]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
! Rank (West) !! align=center | MSA !! Population !! State
|-
| 1 ||align=left | [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]-[[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]-[[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]] || '''12,875,587''' || [[California]]
|-
| 2 ||align=left | [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]]-[[Mesa, Arizona|Mesa]]-[[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]] || '''4,179,427''' || [[Arizona]]
|-
| 3 ||align=left | [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]-[[Oakland, California|Oakland]]-[[Fremont, California|Fremont]] || '''4,157,377''' || [[California]]
|-
| 4 ||align=left | [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]]-[[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]]-[[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]] || '''4,038,741''' || [[Washington]]
|-
| 5 ||align=left | [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]-[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]-[[Ontario, California|Ontario]] || '''4,026,135''' || [[California]]
|-
| 6 ||align=left | [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] || '''3,146,274''' || [[California]]
|-
| 7 ||align=left | [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]]-[[Aurora, Colorado|Aurora]] || '''2,301,116''' || [[Colorado]]
|-
| 8 ||align=left | [[Las Vegas, NV|Las Vegas]]-[[Henderson, Nevada|Henderson]]-[[North Las Vegas|N. Las Vegas]]-[[Paradise]] || '''2,040,258''' || [[Nevada]]
|-
| 9 ||align=left | [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]|| '''1,974,810''' || [[California]]
|-
|10 ||align=left | [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]-[[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]]-[[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]] || '''1,734,721''' || [[California]]
|-
| 11 ||align=left | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]-[[Beaverton]] || '''1,576,541''' || [[Oregon]]
|-
| 12 ||align=left | [[Salt Lake City, Utah|Salt Lake City]] || '''1,005,232''' || [[Utah]]
|-
| 13 ||align=left | [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] || '''946,362''' || [[Arizona]]
|-
| 14 ||align=left | [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] || '''902,704''' || [[Hawaii]]
|-
| 15 ||align=left | [[Fresno, California|Fresno]] || '''850,325''' || [[California]]
|-
| 16 ||align=left | [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]] || '''841,133'''|| [[New Mexico]]
|-
| 17 ||align=left | [[Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, California|Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura]] || '''791,130''' || [[California]]
|-
| 18 ||align=left | [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield]] || '''713,087''' || [[California]]
|-
| 19 ||align=left | [[Stockton, California|Stockton]] || '''632,760''' || [[California]]
|-
| 20 ||align=left | [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]] || '''572,264''' || [[Colorado]]
|-
| 21 ||align=left | [[Boise, Idaho|Boise City]]-[[Nampa, Idaho|Nampa]] || '''510,876''' || [[Idaho]]
|-
| 22 ||align=left | [[Modesto, California|Modesto]] || '''492,233''' || [[California]]
|-
| 23 ||align=left | [[Ogden, Utah|Ogden]]-[[Clearfield, Utah|Clearfield]] || '''468,942''' || [[Utah]]
|-
| 24 ||align=left | [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]]-[[Petaluma, California|Petaluma]] || '''466,725''' || [[California]]
|-
| 25 ||align=left | [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] || '''431,027''' || [[Washington]]
|-
| 26 ||align=left | [[Salinas, California|Salinas]] || '''414,449''' || [[California]]
|-
| 27 ||align=left | [[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]]-[[Fairfield, California|Fairfield]] || '''412,336''' || [[California]]
|-
|-28 ||align=left | [[Reno, Nevada|Reno-Sparks]] || '''410,232''' || [[Nevada]]
|-
| 29 ||align=left | [[Provo, Utah|Provo]]-[[Orem, Utah|Orem]] || '''406,851''' || [[Utah]]
|-
| 30 ||align=left | [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]]-[[Santa Maria, California|Santa Maria]]-[[Goleta, California|Goleta]] || '''403,134''' || [[California]]
|}

*The city of [[El Paso, Texas]], although belonging to a state considered part of the [[Southern United States]], is more considered part of the Western United States.

==Politics==
{{see|Coastal California|Left Coast}}
[[Image:Map of USA medicinal marijuana.PNG|thumb|200px|right|US States that allowed legal use of [[medicinal marijuana]] before ''[[Gonzales v. Raich|Gonzales v. Raich]]'' (2005)]]
[[Image:Map of USA highlighting euthanasia.svg|thumb|200px|right|US States with legalized [[euthanasia]]]]
[[Image:Map of USA highlighting prostitution.svg|thumb|200px|right|US States with legalized [[prostitution]]]]
[[Image:Map of USA highlighting states with no income tax.svg|thumb|200px|right|US States that have no [[income tax]] at the [[State income tax|state level]]]]The region's distance from historical centers of power in the East, and the celebrated "[[frontier]] spirit" of its settlers offer two clichés for explaining the region's independent, heterogeneous politics. Historically, the West was the first region to see widespread [[History of women's suffrage in the United States|women's suffrage]]. It birthed both the [[property rights]] and [[conservation movement]]s, and spawned such phenomena as the [[California Proposition 13 (1978)|Taxpayer Revolt]] and the Berkeley [[Free Speech Movement]]. It has also produced two [[President of the United States|U.S. presidents]]: [[Richard Nixon]] and [[Ronald Reagan]].

The prevalence of [[libertarian]] political thought, even if not labeled as such, can be widely observed. For example, the majority of Western states have legalized [[medicinal marijuana]] (all but New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming) and some forms of [[gambling]] (except Utah); Oregon has legalized [[euthanasia]]; Utah has a long history of former [[polygamous]] territorial leaders; and most counties in Nevada have legalized [[prostitution]]. There is less resistance to the legal recognition of [[same-sex unions]]: California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington recognize them, and only 28%{{Fact|date=June 2007}} of all western residents are against legal recognition (compared to the 48%{{Fact|date=June 2007}} in southern states). California and Washington have moved to limit [[affirmative action]].

Most major urban centers on the Pacific Coast lean toward the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. San Francisco's two main political parties are the Green Party and the Democratic Party. Seattle has historically been a center of radical left-wing politics; the union [[Industrial Workers of the World]] is particularly active, and it is one of the few American cities with a monument to the Communist leader [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]]. The mayor of Salt Lake City, Rocky Anderson, supports same-sex marriage [http://www.glaad.org/media/release_detail.php?id=3901], and Denver's residents have voted to decriminalize marijuana completely{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Hawaii has come closest to adopting [[universal health care|single payer healthcare financing]] in the U.S.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Both the Democratic leaders of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] are from the region: [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] of California and [[United States Senate Minority Leader|Senate Majority Leader]] [[Harry Reid]] of Nevada.

Interior areas, especially in the Rocky Mountains, lean toward the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. Broadly speaking, the western GOP is less-influenced by conservative evangelical Christians than elsewhere in the country{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, notably the [[Southern United States|South]], although [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]] is a center for religious conservative activity. U.S. Senator [[John McCain]] of [[Arizona]] and California Governor [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]], arguably the Western Republicans best-known across the country, have reputations as mavericks within their party.

As the fastest-growing demographic group, [[Latino]]s are hotly contested by both parties{{Fact|date=February 2007}}; [[immigration]] remains an important political issue for this group. Backlash against illegal immigration led to the passage of [[California Proposition 187 (1994)|California Proposition 187]] in 1994, a ballot initiative which would have denied many public services to undocumented residents. Association of this proposal with the California Republicans, especially incumbent governor [[Pete Wilson]], is credited{{Fact|date=February 2007}} with driving many Hispanic voters to the Democrats.

In presidential elections since 1992, starting with [[United States Electoral College|electoral college]] importance, [[California]] with its 55 electoral votes generally favors Democratic Party candidates by a margin of 11%, [[Washington]] with its 11 votes favors Democrats by 8%, [[Arizona]] with its 10 votes favors Republican Party candidates by 5%, [[Colorado]] with its 9 votes favors Republicans by 5%, [[Oregon]] with its 7 votes favors Democrats by 4%, [[New Mexico]] with its 5 votes favors Democrats by .3%, [[Utah]] with its 5 votes favors Republicans by 36%, [[Hawaii]] with its 4 votes favors Democrats by 17%, [[Idaho]] with its 4 votes favors Republicans by 33%, [[Nevada]] with its 5 votes favors Democrats by .6%, [[Alaska]] with its 3 votes favors Republicans by 24%, Montana with its 3 votes favors Republicans by 16%, and [[Wyoming]] with its 3 votes favors Republicans by 31%.

This region has several [[swing state]]s. There are five states in the region with recent presidential election margins of 5% or less: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Oregon. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}

==See also==
* [[History of the west coast of North America]]
* [[California cuisine]]
* [[American Folklore]]
* [[High Country News]]
* [[Art of the West (magazine)]]
* [[Western White House]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Beck, Warren A., Haase, Ynez D.; ''Historical Atlas of the American West''. University of Oklahoma Press, Oklahoma, 1989. ISBN 0-8061-2193-9
*Lamar, Howard. ''The New Encyclopedia of the American West''. Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-300-07088-8
*Milner II, Clyde A; O'Connor, Carol A.; Sandweiss, Martha A. ''The Oxford History of the American West''. Oxford University Press; Reprint edition, 1996. ISBN 0-19-511212-1
*Phillips, Charles; Axlerod, Alan; editor. ''The Encyclopedia of the American West''. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996. ISBN 0-02-897495-6
*[[Richard White (historian)|White, Richard]]. ''[["It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own" (history book)|"It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West]]''. University of Oklahoma Press; Reprint edition, 1993. ISBN 0-8061-2567-5

==External links==
*[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/codhtml/hawphome.html History of the American West] ''Library of Congress''
*[http://www.archives.gov/research_room/research_topics/american_west/american_west.html Photographs of the American West: 1861-1912] ''US National Archives & Records Administration''
*[http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs.html US Census Bureau Briefs]
*[http://www.bls.gov/ro9 Western Region Labor Statistics] ''Bureau of Labor Statistics''
*[http://www.vlib.us/americanwest/ WWW-VL: History: American West]
*[http://www.carnet2voyages.com Guide to the American West]
*[http://www.americanwest.com/ The American West]
*[http://www.autrynationalcenter.org/institute/index.php Institute for the Study of the American West]
*[http://www.westernheritagecenter.com/index.html High Plains Western Heritage Center]
*[http://www.nationalcowboymuseum.org/index2.html National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum]
*[http://www.museumoftheamericanwest.org/museum/ Museum of the American West]
*[http://centerwest.org/ Center of the American West]
*[http://www.vlib.us/americanwest/ WWW-VL: History: American West]

{{U.S.Regions}}
{{US West}}

[[Category:Census Regions of the United States]]
[[Category:American West| ]]

[[bg:Запад (САЩ)]]
[[es:Oeste de Estados Unidos]]
[[fa:ایالت‌های غرب آمریکا]]
[[fr:Ouest américain]]
[[id:Amerika Serikat Barat]]
[[ja:アメリカ合衆国西部]]
[[mk:Запад (САД)]]
[[pt:Região Oeste dos Estados Unidos da América]]
[[ro:Vestul Statelor Unite]]
[[simple:Western United States]]
[[sk:Západ (USA)]]
[[sr:Запад (САД)]]
[[zh:美國西部]]

John McCarthy

2008-07-07T19:17:45Z

Matthuxtable: added Joseph McCarthy to John McCarthy#See also

'''John McCarthy''' may be:

;Government:

* [[John McCarthy (ambassador)]] (b. 1942), Australian ambassador
* [[John H. McCarthy]] (1850–1908), U.S. Representative from New York

;Science:
* [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)]] (b. 1927), American computer scientist
* [[John McCarthy (linguist)]] (b. 1953), American phonologist

;Sports:
* [[John McCarthy (referee)|"Big" John McCarthy]], mixed martial arts referee
*[[Johnny McCarthy]], NBA player
*[[Johnny McCarthy (MLB first baseman)]]
*[[John McCarthy (footballer)]], a Gaelic footballer
*Two [[Australian rules football]]ers:
**[[John McCarthy (Australian rules footballer)]], (born 1967), a former player with Fitzroy and North Melbourne
**[[John McCarthy (Australian footballer)]], (born 1989), a current player with Collingwood

;Other:
* [[John McCarthy (journalist)]] (b. 1956), British hostage and journalist
* [[John McCarthy (bishop)]] (1815–1893), Irish bishop
* [[John McCarthy, Jr.]], Oscar-nominated set decorator
* [[John Edward McCarthy]] (1911–1977), American radio personality

===See also===
*[[Jack McCarthy (disambiguation)]]
*[[Joseph McCarthy]]

{{hndis|McCarthy, John}}

[[da:John McCarthy]]
[[de:John McCarthy]]
[[fr:John McCarthy]]
[[ja:ジョン・マッカーシー]]
[[sr:Џон Макарти]]

The Apprentice (British TV series) series 4

2008-04-22T16:44:55Z

Matthuxtable: /* Weekly results */ add claire as PM for week 5 as per The Apprentice (UK Series Four)#Week 5

{{airing|date=March 2008}}
{{Apprentice Candidates
| canpage = List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)
| seriesname = [[The Apprentice (UK)|''The Apprentice UK'']]
| series = Series Four (2008)
| image = Image:Apprentice2008.jpg
| imagebg = black
| caption = The Candidates
| col1 = Name
| col2 = Left Show
| can1 = Raef Bjayou
| can1-week =
| can1-stat = none
| can2 = Jenny Celerier
| can2-week =
| can2-stat = none
| can3 = Sara Dhada
| can3-week =
| can3-stat = none
| can4 = Lucinda Ledgerwood
| can4-week =
| can4-stat =none
| can5 = Jennifer Maguire
| can5-week =
| can5-stat =none
| can6 = Lee McQueen
| can6-week =
| can6-stat =none
| can7 = Lindi Mngaza
| can7-week =
| can7-stat =none
| can8 = Kevin Shaw
| can8-week =
| can8-stat =none
| can9 = Michael Sophocles
| can9-week =
| can9-stat = none
| can10 = Helene Speight
| can10-week =
| can10-stat = none
| can11 = Alex Wotherspoon
| can11-week =
| can11-stat =none
| can12 = Claire Young
| can12-week =
| can12-stat = none
| can13 = Simon Smith
| can13-week = Week 4
| can13-stat = fired
| can14 = Ian Stringer
| can14-week = Week 3
| can14-stat = fired
| can15 = Shazia Wahab
| can15-week = Week 2
| can15-stat = fired
| can16 = Nicholas de Lacy-Brown
| can16-week =Week 1
| can16-stat = fired
| legendhired =
| legendrunner =
| legendfired =Fired
| legendresigned =
| legendother =
}}

'''Series Four of''' '''''[[The Apprentice (UK)|The Apprentice]]''''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[television series]] which began on [[BBC One]] on [[March 26]], [[2008]].<ref name="BBC Press Office"/><ref name="s4home">{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070504015957/http://apprentice.fremantlemedia.com/ |title=So you think you can be Sir Alan's next Apprentice? |accessdaymonth =20-07 |accessyear=2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Media]]}}</ref> It will run for twelve weekly episodes. Auditions and interviews are reported to have taken place during the first two weeks of [[July 2007]] in [[London]], [[Glasgow]], [[Manchester]] and [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070427070522/http://apprentice.fremantlemedia.com/apply.php |title=The Apprentice Series 4 online application form |accessdaymonth =20-07 |accessyear=2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Media]]}}</ref> A record 20,000 applications were received.<ref name=" BBCPresRelease">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/18/apprentice.shtml "The Apprentice – Let the boardroom battle commence!"], BBC Press Office, March 18, 2008</ref>

[[Alan Sugar|Sir Alan Sugar]] reprises his role as the boss<ref name="s4home"/> with [[Nick Hewer]] and [[Margaret Mountford]] again serving as his advisors. "Frances", Sir Alan's boardroom "receptionist", also returns. Frances is in fact played by Sam Moon, who works for producers [[TalkbackTHAMES]].{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The show's spin-off, ''[[The Apprentice: You're Fired!]]'', is again hosted by Adrian Chiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/a90423/adrian-chiles-to-return-for-apprentice.html|title=Digital Spy: Adrian Chiles to return for 'Apprentice'|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> Filming of the first episode of ''The Apprentice: You're Fired!'' took place on [[March 25]], [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lostintv.com/apprentice.htm|title=Lost in TV: The Apprentice: You're Fired!|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>

Four additional hour-long specials accompany Series Four: a candidate profile show; ''Why I Fired Them'', a look back at previous candidates in the firing line; ''The Apprentice: Worst Decisions Ever'', a look back at embarrassing episodes from previous series; and ''The Apprentice: Motor Mouths'', which revisits opinionated personalities from previous series.<ref name=" BBCPresRelease"/> The first of these to air was ''The Apprentice: Worst Decisions Ever'' on 3rd April 2008. ''The Apprentice: Motor Mouths'' aired on 18th April 2008

==Production==

Production of the fourth series took place around October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diary.59tv.com/index.php?module=pagesetter&func=viewpub&tid=10&pid=59|title=Simon Cox : lighting cameraman|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> Tasks are set to include selling fresh [[fish]], setting up an overnight [[laundrette]] business, running rival [[pub]]s, creating [[perfume]], designing greeting cards, inventing a new flavour of [[ice cream]], selling [[wedding dress]]es and a buying task in [[Morocco]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/mar/18/bbc.realitytv|title=Sugar moots junior Apprentice show|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/18/apprentice.shtml|title=The Apprentice – Let the boardroom battle commence!|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> An unknown advertising task is scheduled for week 8.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alexliangwebsite.tripod.com/|title=Alex Liang: actor, dancer, acrobat, model, stuntman, combat specialist|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>

On October 19, 2007, filming took place beside [[One Canada Square]] with candidates seemingly advertising an "Aston Martin Roadster Experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoopt.com/Products/Scoopt/20904071020003426.aspx|title=Scoopt Gallery|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>

The candidates are based in an impressive 7,000 square foot, £5million warehouse conversion in Candahar Road, [[Battersea]]. The luxury duplex conversion, ''The Glass Factory'', is owned by ex-Formula1 racing driver [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|Johnny Dumfries]], the seventh [[Marquess of Bute]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=540418&in_page_id=1773|title=Inside the £5m converted warehouse that will be the Apprentices' new home|publisher=The Daily Mail|date=20th March, 2008|accessdate=2008-03-20}}</ref>

==Candidates==

''See also: [[List_of_The_Apprentice_candidates_%28UK%29#Series_Four|List of The Apprentice Candidates]]''

[[Image:S4Men.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The male candidates from Series Four in the boardroom. 
Back row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Simon Smith|Simon]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lee McQueen|Lee]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Nicholas de Lacy-Brown|Nicholas]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Michael Sophocles|Michael]]. 
Front row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Raef Bjayou|Raef]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Kevin Shaw|Kevin]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Ian Stringer|Ian]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Alex Wotherspoon|Alex]].]]
[[Image:S4Women.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The female candidates from Series Four in the boardroom. Back row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lucinda Ledgerwood|Lucinda]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Shazia Wahab|Shazia]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Sara Dhada|Sara]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jenny Celerier|Jenny]]. 
Front row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Claire Young|Claire]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Helene Speight|Helene]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lindi Mngaza|Lindi]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jennifer Maguire|Jennifer]].]]

There are 16 candidates taking part in the fourth series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/metrolife/article.html?in_article_id=120956&in_page_id=9|title=Meet this year's boardroom...|publisher=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)]]|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> The two initial teams (women and men) chose the names "Alpha" and "Renaissance" respectively.

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 25%"
|- valign="top"
! style="text-align:left" |Name
! style="text-align:left" |Age*
! style="text-align:left" |Occupation
|- valign="top"
|Raef Bjayou
|27
|Entrepreneur
|- valign="top"
|Jenny Celerier
|36
|Sales manager
|- valign="top"
|{{nowrap|Nicholas de Lacy-Brown}}
|23
|Trainee barrister
|- valign="top"
|Sara Dhada
|25
|Car sales strategist
|- valign="top"
|Lucinda Ledgerwood
|31
|Risk Assessment manager
|- valign="top"
|Jennifer Maguire
|27
|Marketing consultant
|- valign="top"
|Lee McQueen
|30
|{{nowrap|Recruitment sales manager}}
|- valign="top"
|Lindi Mngaza
|22
|Business liaison manager
|- valign="top"
|Kevin Shaw
|24
|Bank manager
|- valign="top"
|Simon Smith
|35
|Satellite TV engineer
|- valign="top"
|Michael Sophocles
|25
|Telesales executive
|- valign="top"
|Helene Speight
|32
|nowrap|Global pricing leader
|- valign="top"
|Ian Stringer
|26
|Software sales manager
|- valign="top"
|Shazia Wahab
|35
|Mosaic artist
|- valign="top"
|Alex Wotherspoon
|24
|Sales manager
|- valign="top"
|Claire Young
|28
|Retail buyer
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki> as of the date of the programme.

==Challenges==


===Week 1: Fishy Business===
*'''Project managers:''' Claire (Alpha) and Alex (Renaissance)
*'''Task:''' Selling fresh fish. The team that makes the most money wins.<ref name="BBC Press Office"> {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk13/unplaced.shtml#unplaced_apprentice |title=The Apprentice Ep 1/12 |accessdate=2008-03-12 |date=2008-03-12 |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams were given a van containing £600 worth of fish and a choice of London market locations from which to sell. Both teams chose to sell in [[Islington]], with the women's team, Alpha, making this decision earlier in the day. Both teams had problems identifying the fish and pricing it correctly, leading to confrontation in the men's team, Renaissance. Renaissance made a profit of £32.69 whilst Alpha made a profit of £153.98.<ref name="Apprentice1">{{cite episode|title=The Apprentice (UK)|series=The Apprentice|serieslink=The Apprentice (UK)|airdate=2008-03-26|season=4|number=1}}</ref>
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' Dinner cooked by [[Jean-Christophe Novelli]] <ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Alex, Nicholas and Raef <ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Fired:''' Nicholas, for mispricing the fish<ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Notes:''' Sir Alan was not impressed by the profit margin achieved by either team, but conceded to team Alpha that "a win is a win". Alex was criticised in the boardroom for dwelling too much on individuals' mistakes during the task, but avoided being fired because he had volunteered himself as project manager when no-one else was willing. There was considerable discussion of a split within Renaissance along class or educational lines.

===Week 2: A Dirty Job===


*'''Project managers:''' Jenny (Alpha)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/apprentice/videos/vid/200.html |title=The Apprentice - Videos - The iron man |accessdate=2008-03-27|publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref> and Raef (Renaissance)<ref>Daily Telegraph Television & Radio Guide, 29th March 2008</ref>
*'''Task:''' Setting up an overnight laundry business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk14/wed.shtml#wed_apprentice |title=The Apprentice Ep 2/12 |accessdate=2008-03-12|publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams were given use of an industrial laundry for the night. Both teams sourced business from a variety of customers, both commercial and domestic. These included a hotel and a fishmonger introduced to the teams by Sir Alan. Alpha had problems setting a reasonable price, attempting to charge the hotel £4990 for £200 worth of washing, and the fishmonger £15 for £60 worth of washing. Renaissance managed to finish their washing and pressing before the laundry had to close, but Alpha were late in getting started and hadn't finished by the end of the night. They suffered problems due to mix-ups with customers' clothing, including two lost items for which they were fined £50 in the boardroom. This was blamed on Shazia, who had the task of keeping track of items, but left early in an unsuccessful attempt to get hold of the steam irons at the house, which Renaissance had already removed. Ultimately, Alpha made a profit of £195.55 and Renaissance made a profit of £328.00.
*'''Winner:''' Renaissance
*'''Reward:''' Tea at [[Ritz Hotel|The Ritz]]
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Jenny, Lucinda and Shazia
*'''Fired:''' Shazia, for leaving the laundry early and allowing items to get mixed up.
*'''Notes:''' Alpha attempted to earn additional money by asking for tips from their customers, but this did not result in much additional profit because of the mix-ups over the items of clothing. Sir Alan was critical of this tactic and pointed out that it would have been unnecessary if they had appropriately priced their service to begin with.

===Week 3: Cooking With Gas?===

*'''Project managers''': Sara (Alpha) and Ian (Renaissance)
*'''Task:''' Running a themed restaurant in a pub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76282939&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-03-29}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams had to devise and run a themed food day in a pub with no previous history of serving food. Alpha chose a [[Bollywood]] theme and Renaissance chose Italian. The teams were given a list of wholesalers to use, but Renaissance ran out of time and had to resort to purchasing their supplies from [[Tesco]], resulting in substantially increased food costs. Renaissance also produced 200 flyers at £1 each, whilst Alpha managed to arrange all their printing for free. Alpha had to cancel their lunch service due to the food not being prepared properly, but their strategy of selling admission tickets for £5 that were redeemable against dinner, as well as their better purchasing decisions, meant that they were in profit before they had even served a meal. Renaissance actually took more money, but because of cost overruns they made only £301.97 profit against Alpha's £604.27.
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' Cooking lessons at the Eckington Manor Cookery School in Worcestershire.
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Ian, Kevin and Simon.
*'''Fired:''' Ian, for poor performance as project manager

===Week 4: A Photo Finish===


*'''Project managers:''' Helene (Alpha) and Simon (Renaissance) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/apprentice/newsarticle/cid/123.html|title=BBC - The Apprentice - News Article|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>
*'''Team reshuffle:''' Sir Alan mixes up the teams for the first time, with Claire, Jenny and Sara joining the previously all-male Renaissance team and Kevin, Lee and Raef moving in the opposite direction to join Alpha.
*'''Task:''' Running a photography business in [[Bluewater]] shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76550627&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Alpha hired a David Beckham lookalike who was popular with the kids, whilst Simon decided that Renaissance should go with a glamour and beauty theme. Simon had little support from his team, with Alex and Claire in particular questioning his leadership throughout the task and the remaining team members also voicing to the cameras that they had little confidence in him. Both teams had more customers than they could handle during the day. Communication issues between the shop floor and the production room caused lost orders for both teams—particularly Renaissance—whilst Alpha had problems operating their computer and were unable to meet the orders. Alpha made a profit of £145.10 and Renaissance lost £73.81.
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' A luxury yacht trip to the [[Isle of Wight]] and dinner onboard
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Simon, Alex and Claire.
*'''Fired:''' With regret, Simon whom Sir Alan considered out of his depth.

===Week 5===


*'''Project managers:''' Unknown (Alpha) and Claire (Renaissance) '''
*'''Team reshuffle:''' Kevin is transferred to Renaissance to even the teams at six candidates each.
*'''Task:''' Inventing several new flavours of ice cream, selling to the trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76909683&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-10}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Unknown.
*'''Winner:''' Unknown
*'''Reward:''' ''Unknown''
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Unknown
*'''Fired: Unknown

===Week 6===


*'''Project managers:''' Unknown (Alpha) and Unknown (Renaissance) ''''
*'''Task:''' Create a brand new occasion for a range of greetings cards to pitch to prospective retailers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=77270780&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-17}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Unknown.
*'''Winner:''' Unknown
*'''Reward:''' ''Unknown''
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Unknown
*'''Fired: Unknown

==Weekly results==

{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Candidate
!colspan="12"| Week
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Result
|-
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_1|1]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_2|2]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_3|3]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_4|4]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_5|5]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_6|6]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_7|7]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_8|8]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_9|9]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_10|10]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_11|11]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_12|12]]
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Alex Wotherspoon|Alex]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Claire Young|Claire]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Helene Speight|Helene]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jennifer Maguire|Jennifer]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jenny Celerier|Jenny]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Kevin Shaw|Kevin]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lee McQueen|Lee]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lindi Mngaza|Lindi]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lucinda Ledgerwood|Lucinda]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Michael Sophocles|Michael]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Raef Bjayou|Raef]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Sara Dhada|Sara]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Simon Smith|Simon]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=8 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 4
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Ian Stringer|Ian]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=9 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 3
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Shazia Wahab|Shazia]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''''B'''''
|colspan=10 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 2
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Nicholas de Lacy-Brown|Nicholas]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|colspan=11 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 1
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Candidate
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_1|1]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_2|2]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_3|3]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_4|4]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_5|5]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_6|6]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_7|7]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_8|8]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_9|9]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_10|10]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_11|11]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_12|12]]
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Result
|-
!colspan="12"| Week
|}
|valign="top"|
{| style="margin-right:0; font-size:85%" class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Legend
|- bgcolor="#ffdf9f"
| || Finale
|- bgcolor="#ffffbf"
| || Interviews
|- bgcolor="#cfcfff"
| || Renaissance
|- bgcolor="#FFD1F7"
| || Alpha
|-
!align="center"|'''PM'''
| Project manager
|-
!align="center" | ''B''
| Brought back to boardroom
|}

|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{bbc.co.uk|id=apprentice|title=''The Apprentice''}}

{{The Apprentice UK}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Apprentice (UK Series Four), The}}
[[Category:The Apprentice UK]]

The Apprentice (British TV series) series 4

2008-04-22T16:41:39Z

Matthuxtable: /* Week 4: A Photo Finish */ change order of project managers so Alpha is first (to follow style in other weeks' entries)

{{airing|date=March 2008}}
{{Apprentice Candidates
| canpage = List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)
| seriesname = [[The Apprentice (UK)|''The Apprentice UK'']]
| series = Series Four (2008)
| image = Image:Apprentice2008.jpg
| imagebg = black
| caption = The Candidates
| col1 = Name
| col2 = Left Show
| can1 = Raef Bjayou
| can1-week =
| can1-stat = none
| can2 = Jenny Celerier
| can2-week =
| can2-stat = none
| can3 = Sara Dhada
| can3-week =
| can3-stat = none
| can4 = Lucinda Ledgerwood
| can4-week =
| can4-stat =none
| can5 = Jennifer Maguire
| can5-week =
| can5-stat =none
| can6 = Lee McQueen
| can6-week =
| can6-stat =none
| can7 = Lindi Mngaza
| can7-week =
| can7-stat =none
| can8 = Kevin Shaw
| can8-week =
| can8-stat =none
| can9 = Michael Sophocles
| can9-week =
| can9-stat = none
| can10 = Helene Speight
| can10-week =
| can10-stat = none
| can11 = Alex Wotherspoon
| can11-week =
| can11-stat =none
| can12 = Claire Young
| can12-week =
| can12-stat = none
| can13 = Simon Smith
| can13-week = Week 4
| can13-stat = fired
| can14 = Ian Stringer
| can14-week = Week 3
| can14-stat = fired
| can15 = Shazia Wahab
| can15-week = Week 2
| can15-stat = fired
| can16 = Nicholas de Lacy-Brown
| can16-week =Week 1
| can16-stat = fired
| legendhired =
| legendrunner =
| legendfired =Fired
| legendresigned =
| legendother =
}}

'''Series Four of''' '''''[[The Apprentice (UK)|The Apprentice]]''''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[television series]] which began on [[BBC One]] on [[March 26]], [[2008]].<ref name="BBC Press Office"/><ref name="s4home">{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070504015957/http://apprentice.fremantlemedia.com/ |title=So you think you can be Sir Alan's next Apprentice? |accessdaymonth =20-07 |accessyear=2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Media]]}}</ref> It will run for twelve weekly episodes. Auditions and interviews are reported to have taken place during the first two weeks of [[July 2007]] in [[London]], [[Glasgow]], [[Manchester]] and [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070427070522/http://apprentice.fremantlemedia.com/apply.php |title=The Apprentice Series 4 online application form |accessdaymonth =20-07 |accessyear=2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Media]]}}</ref> A record 20,000 applications were received.<ref name=" BBCPresRelease">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/18/apprentice.shtml "The Apprentice – Let the boardroom battle commence!"], BBC Press Office, March 18, 2008</ref>

[[Alan Sugar|Sir Alan Sugar]] reprises his role as the boss<ref name="s4home"/> with [[Nick Hewer]] and [[Margaret Mountford]] again serving as his advisors. "Frances", Sir Alan's boardroom "receptionist", also returns. Frances is in fact played by Sam Moon, who works for producers [[TalkbackTHAMES]].{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The show's spin-off, ''[[The Apprentice: You're Fired!]]'', is again hosted by Adrian Chiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/a90423/adrian-chiles-to-return-for-apprentice.html|title=Digital Spy: Adrian Chiles to return for 'Apprentice'|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> Filming of the first episode of ''The Apprentice: You're Fired!'' took place on [[March 25]], [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lostintv.com/apprentice.htm|title=Lost in TV: The Apprentice: You're Fired!|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>

Four additional hour-long specials accompany Series Four: a candidate profile show; ''Why I Fired Them'', a look back at previous candidates in the firing line; ''The Apprentice: Worst Decisions Ever'', a look back at embarrassing episodes from previous series; and ''The Apprentice: Motor Mouths'', which revisits opinionated personalities from previous series.<ref name=" BBCPresRelease"/> The first of these to air was ''The Apprentice: Worst Decisions Ever'' on 3rd April 2008. ''The Apprentice: Motor Mouths'' aired on 18th April 2008

==Production==

Production of the fourth series took place around October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diary.59tv.com/index.php?module=pagesetter&func=viewpub&tid=10&pid=59|title=Simon Cox : lighting cameraman|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> Tasks are set to include selling fresh [[fish]], setting up an overnight [[laundrette]] business, running rival [[pub]]s, creating [[perfume]], designing greeting cards, inventing a new flavour of [[ice cream]], selling [[wedding dress]]es and a buying task in [[Morocco]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/mar/18/bbc.realitytv|title=Sugar moots junior Apprentice show|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/18/apprentice.shtml|title=The Apprentice – Let the boardroom battle commence!|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> An unknown advertising task is scheduled for week 8.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alexliangwebsite.tripod.com/|title=Alex Liang: actor, dancer, acrobat, model, stuntman, combat specialist|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>

On October 19, 2007, filming took place beside [[One Canada Square]] with candidates seemingly advertising an "Aston Martin Roadster Experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoopt.com/Products/Scoopt/20904071020003426.aspx|title=Scoopt Gallery|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>

The candidates are based in an impressive 7,000 square foot, £5million warehouse conversion in Candahar Road, [[Battersea]]. The luxury duplex conversion, ''The Glass Factory'', is owned by ex-Formula1 racing driver [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|Johnny Dumfries]], the seventh [[Marquess of Bute]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=540418&in_page_id=1773|title=Inside the £5m converted warehouse that will be the Apprentices' new home|publisher=The Daily Mail|date=20th March, 2008|accessdate=2008-03-20}}</ref>

==Candidates==

''See also: [[List_of_The_Apprentice_candidates_%28UK%29#Series_Four|List of The Apprentice Candidates]]''

[[Image:S4Men.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The male candidates from Series Four in the boardroom. 
Back row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Simon Smith|Simon]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lee McQueen|Lee]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Nicholas de Lacy-Brown|Nicholas]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Michael Sophocles|Michael]]. 
Front row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Raef Bjayou|Raef]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Kevin Shaw|Kevin]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Ian Stringer|Ian]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Alex Wotherspoon|Alex]].]]
[[Image:S4Women.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The female candidates from Series Four in the boardroom. Back row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lucinda Ledgerwood|Lucinda]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Shazia Wahab|Shazia]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Sara Dhada|Sara]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jenny Celerier|Jenny]]. 
Front row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Claire Young|Claire]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Helene Speight|Helene]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lindi Mngaza|Lindi]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jennifer Maguire|Jennifer]].]]

There are 16 candidates taking part in the fourth series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/metrolife/article.html?in_article_id=120956&in_page_id=9|title=Meet this year's boardroom...|publisher=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)]]|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> The two initial teams (women and men) chose the names "Alpha" and "Renaissance" respectively.

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 25%"
|- valign="top"
! style="text-align:left" |Name
! style="text-align:left" |Age*
! style="text-align:left" |Occupation
|- valign="top"
|Raef Bjayou
|27
|Entrepreneur
|- valign="top"
|Jenny Celerier
|36
|Sales manager
|- valign="top"
|{{nowrap|Nicholas de Lacy-Brown}}
|23
|Trainee barrister
|- valign="top"
|Sara Dhada
|25
|Car sales strategist
|- valign="top"
|Lucinda Ledgerwood
|31
|Risk Assessment manager
|- valign="top"
|Jennifer Maguire
|27
|Marketing consultant
|- valign="top"
|Lee McQueen
|30
|{{nowrap|Recruitment sales manager}}
|- valign="top"
|Lindi Mngaza
|22
|Business liaison manager
|- valign="top"
|Kevin Shaw
|24
|Bank manager
|- valign="top"
|Simon Smith
|35
|Satellite TV engineer
|- valign="top"
|Michael Sophocles
|25
|Telesales executive
|- valign="top"
|Helene Speight
|32
|nowrap|Global pricing leader
|- valign="top"
|Ian Stringer
|26
|Software sales manager
|- valign="top"
|Shazia Wahab
|35
|Mosaic artist
|- valign="top"
|Alex Wotherspoon
|24
|Sales manager
|- valign="top"
|Claire Young
|28
|Retail buyer
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki> as of the date of the programme.

==Challenges==


===Week 1: Fishy Business===
*'''Project managers:''' Claire (Alpha) and Alex (Renaissance)
*'''Task:''' Selling fresh fish. The team that makes the most money wins.<ref name="BBC Press Office"> {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk13/unplaced.shtml#unplaced_apprentice |title=The Apprentice Ep 1/12 |accessdate=2008-03-12 |date=2008-03-12 |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams were given a van containing £600 worth of fish and a choice of London market locations from which to sell. Both teams chose to sell in [[Islington]], with the women's team, Alpha, making this decision earlier in the day. Both teams had problems identifying the fish and pricing it correctly, leading to confrontation in the men's team, Renaissance. Renaissance made a profit of £32.69 whilst Alpha made a profit of £153.98.<ref name="Apprentice1">{{cite episode|title=The Apprentice (UK)|series=The Apprentice|serieslink=The Apprentice (UK)|airdate=2008-03-26|season=4|number=1}}</ref>
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' Dinner cooked by [[Jean-Christophe Novelli]] <ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Alex, Nicholas and Raef <ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Fired:''' Nicholas, for mispricing the fish<ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Notes:''' Sir Alan was not impressed by the profit margin achieved by either team, but conceded to team Alpha that "a win is a win". Alex was criticised in the boardroom for dwelling too much on individuals' mistakes during the task, but avoided being fired because he had volunteered himself as project manager when no-one else was willing. There was considerable discussion of a split within Renaissance along class or educational lines.

===Week 2: A Dirty Job===


*'''Project managers:''' Jenny (Alpha)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/apprentice/videos/vid/200.html |title=The Apprentice - Videos - The iron man |accessdate=2008-03-27|publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref> and Raef (Renaissance)<ref>Daily Telegraph Television & Radio Guide, 29th March 2008</ref>
*'''Task:''' Setting up an overnight laundry business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk14/wed.shtml#wed_apprentice |title=The Apprentice Ep 2/12 |accessdate=2008-03-12|publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams were given use of an industrial laundry for the night. Both teams sourced business from a variety of customers, both commercial and domestic. These included a hotel and a fishmonger introduced to the teams by Sir Alan. Alpha had problems setting a reasonable price, attempting to charge the hotel £4990 for £200 worth of washing, and the fishmonger £15 for £60 worth of washing. Renaissance managed to finish their washing and pressing before the laundry had to close, but Alpha were late in getting started and hadn't finished by the end of the night. They suffered problems due to mix-ups with customers' clothing, including two lost items for which they were fined £50 in the boardroom. This was blamed on Shazia, who had the task of keeping track of items, but left early in an unsuccessful attempt to get hold of the steam irons at the house, which Renaissance had already removed. Ultimately, Alpha made a profit of £195.55 and Renaissance made a profit of £328.00.
*'''Winner:''' Renaissance
*'''Reward:''' Tea at [[Ritz Hotel|The Ritz]]
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Jenny, Lucinda and Shazia
*'''Fired:''' Shazia, for leaving the laundry early and allowing items to get mixed up.
*'''Notes:''' Alpha attempted to earn additional money by asking for tips from their customers, but this did not result in much additional profit because of the mix-ups over the items of clothing. Sir Alan was critical of this tactic and pointed out that it would have been unnecessary if they had appropriately priced their service to begin with.

===Week 3: Cooking With Gas?===

*'''Project managers''': Sara (Alpha) and Ian (Renaissance)
*'''Task:''' Running a themed restaurant in a pub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76282939&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-03-29}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams had to devise and run a themed food day in a pub with no previous history of serving food. Alpha chose a [[Bollywood]] theme and Renaissance chose Italian. The teams were given a list of wholesalers to use, but Renaissance ran out of time and had to resort to purchasing their supplies from [[Tesco]], resulting in substantially increased food costs. Renaissance also produced 200 flyers at £1 each, whilst Alpha managed to arrange all their printing for free. Alpha had to cancel their lunch service due to the food not being prepared properly, but their strategy of selling admission tickets for £5 that were redeemable against dinner, as well as their better purchasing decisions, meant that they were in profit before they had even served a meal. Renaissance actually took more money, but because of cost overruns they made only £301.97 profit against Alpha's £604.27.
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' Cooking lessons at the Eckington Manor Cookery School in Worcestershire.
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Ian, Kevin and Simon.
*'''Fired:''' Ian, for poor performance as project manager

===Week 4: A Photo Finish===


*'''Project managers:''' Helene (Alpha) and Simon (Renaissance) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/apprentice/newsarticle/cid/123.html|title=BBC - The Apprentice - News Article|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>
*'''Team reshuffle:''' Sir Alan mixes up the teams for the first time, with Claire, Jenny and Sara joining the previously all-male Renaissance team and Kevin, Lee and Raef moving in the opposite direction to join Alpha.
*'''Task:''' Running a photography business in [[Bluewater]] shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76550627&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Alpha hired a David Beckham lookalike who was popular with the kids, whilst Simon decided that Renaissance should go with a glamour and beauty theme. Simon had little support from his team, with Alex and Claire in particular questioning his leadership throughout the task and the remaining team members also voicing to the cameras that they had little confidence in him. Both teams had more customers than they could handle during the day. Communication issues between the shop floor and the production room caused lost orders for both teams—particularly Renaissance—whilst Alpha had problems operating their computer and were unable to meet the orders. Alpha made a profit of £145.10 and Renaissance lost £73.81.
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' A luxury yacht trip to the [[Isle of Wight]] and dinner onboard
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Simon, Alex and Claire.
*'''Fired:''' With regret, Simon whom Sir Alan considered out of his depth.

===Week 5===


*'''Project managers:''' Unknown (Alpha) and Claire (Renaissance) '''
*'''Team reshuffle:''' Kevin is transferred to Renaissance to even the teams at six candidates each.
*'''Task:''' Inventing several new flavours of ice cream, selling to the trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76909683&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-10}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Unknown.
*'''Winner:''' Unknown
*'''Reward:''' ''Unknown''
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Unknown
*'''Fired: Unknown

===Week 6===


*'''Project managers:''' Unknown (Alpha) and Unknown (Renaissance) ''''
*'''Task:''' Create a brand new occasion for a range of greetings cards to pitch to prospective retailers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=77270780&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-17}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Unknown.
*'''Winner:''' Unknown
*'''Reward:''' ''Unknown''
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Unknown
*'''Fired: Unknown

==Weekly results==

{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Candidate
!colspan="12"| Week
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Result
|-
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_1|1]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_2|2]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_3|3]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_4|4]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_5|5]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_6|6]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_7|7]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_8|8]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_9|9]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_10|10]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_11|11]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_12|12]]
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Alex Wotherspoon|Alex]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Claire Young|Claire]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Helene Speight|Helene]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jennifer Maguire|Jennifer]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jenny Celerier|Jenny]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Kevin Shaw|Kevin]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lee McQueen|Lee]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lindi Mngaza|Lindi]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lucinda Ledgerwood|Lucinda]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Michael Sophocles|Michael]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Raef Bjayou|Raef]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Sara Dhada|Sara]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Simon Smith|Simon]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=8 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 4
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Ian Stringer|Ian]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=9 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 3
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Shazia Wahab|Shazia]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''''B'''''
|colspan=10 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 2
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Nicholas de Lacy-Brown|Nicholas]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|colspan=11 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 1
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Candidate
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_1|1]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_2|2]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_3|3]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_4|4]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_5|5]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_6|6]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_7|7]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_8|8]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_9|9]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_10|10]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_11|11]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_12|12]]
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Result
|-
!colspan="12"| Week
|}
|valign="top"|
{| style="margin-right:0; font-size:85%" class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Legend
|- bgcolor="#ffdf9f"
| || Finale
|- bgcolor="#ffffbf"
| || Interviews
|- bgcolor="#cfcfff"
| || Renaissance
|- bgcolor="#FFD1F7"
| || Alpha
|-
!align="center"|'''PM'''
| Project manager
|-
!align="center" | ''B''
| Brought back to boardroom
|}

|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{bbc.co.uk|id=apprentice|title=''The Apprentice''}}

{{The Apprentice UK}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Apprentice (UK Series Four), The}}
[[Category:The Apprentice UK]]

The Apprentice (British TV series) series 4

2008-04-22T16:41:08Z

Matthuxtable: /* Week 3: Cooking With Gas? */ change order of project managers so Alpha is first (to follow style in other weeks' entries)

{{airing|date=March 2008}}
{{Apprentice Candidates
| canpage = List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)
| seriesname = [[The Apprentice (UK)|''The Apprentice UK'']]
| series = Series Four (2008)
| image = Image:Apprentice2008.jpg
| imagebg = black
| caption = The Candidates
| col1 = Name
| col2 = Left Show
| can1 = Raef Bjayou
| can1-week =
| can1-stat = none
| can2 = Jenny Celerier
| can2-week =
| can2-stat = none
| can3 = Sara Dhada
| can3-week =
| can3-stat = none
| can4 = Lucinda Ledgerwood
| can4-week =
| can4-stat =none
| can5 = Jennifer Maguire
| can5-week =
| can5-stat =none
| can6 = Lee McQueen
| can6-week =
| can6-stat =none
| can7 = Lindi Mngaza
| can7-week =
| can7-stat =none
| can8 = Kevin Shaw
| can8-week =
| can8-stat =none
| can9 = Michael Sophocles
| can9-week =
| can9-stat = none
| can10 = Helene Speight
| can10-week =
| can10-stat = none
| can11 = Alex Wotherspoon
| can11-week =
| can11-stat =none
| can12 = Claire Young
| can12-week =
| can12-stat = none
| can13 = Simon Smith
| can13-week = Week 4
| can13-stat = fired
| can14 = Ian Stringer
| can14-week = Week 3
| can14-stat = fired
| can15 = Shazia Wahab
| can15-week = Week 2
| can15-stat = fired
| can16 = Nicholas de Lacy-Brown
| can16-week =Week 1
| can16-stat = fired
| legendhired =
| legendrunner =
| legendfired =Fired
| legendresigned =
| legendother =
}}

'''Series Four of''' '''''[[The Apprentice (UK)|The Apprentice]]''''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[television series]] which began on [[BBC One]] on [[March 26]], [[2008]].<ref name="BBC Press Office"/><ref name="s4home">{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070504015957/http://apprentice.fremantlemedia.com/ |title=So you think you can be Sir Alan's next Apprentice? |accessdaymonth =20-07 |accessyear=2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Media]]}}</ref> It will run for twelve weekly episodes. Auditions and interviews are reported to have taken place during the first two weeks of [[July 2007]] in [[London]], [[Glasgow]], [[Manchester]] and [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070427070522/http://apprentice.fremantlemedia.com/apply.php |title=The Apprentice Series 4 online application form |accessdaymonth =20-07 |accessyear=2007 |publisher=[[Fremantle Media]]}}</ref> A record 20,000 applications were received.<ref name=" BBCPresRelease">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/18/apprentice.shtml "The Apprentice – Let the boardroom battle commence!"], BBC Press Office, March 18, 2008</ref>

[[Alan Sugar|Sir Alan Sugar]] reprises his role as the boss<ref name="s4home"/> with [[Nick Hewer]] and [[Margaret Mountford]] again serving as his advisors. "Frances", Sir Alan's boardroom "receptionist", also returns. Frances is in fact played by Sam Moon, who works for producers [[TalkbackTHAMES]].{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The show's spin-off, ''[[The Apprentice: You're Fired!]]'', is again hosted by Adrian Chiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/a90423/adrian-chiles-to-return-for-apprentice.html|title=Digital Spy: Adrian Chiles to return for 'Apprentice'|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref> Filming of the first episode of ''The Apprentice: You're Fired!'' took place on [[March 25]], [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lostintv.com/apprentice.htm|title=Lost in TV: The Apprentice: You're Fired!|accessdate=2008-02-28}}</ref>

Four additional hour-long specials accompany Series Four: a candidate profile show; ''Why I Fired Them'', a look back at previous candidates in the firing line; ''The Apprentice: Worst Decisions Ever'', a look back at embarrassing episodes from previous series; and ''The Apprentice: Motor Mouths'', which revisits opinionated personalities from previous series.<ref name=" BBCPresRelease"/> The first of these to air was ''The Apprentice: Worst Decisions Ever'' on 3rd April 2008. ''The Apprentice: Motor Mouths'' aired on 18th April 2008

==Production==

Production of the fourth series took place around October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diary.59tv.com/index.php?module=pagesetter&func=viewpub&tid=10&pid=59|title=Simon Cox : lighting cameraman|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref> Tasks are set to include selling fresh [[fish]], setting up an overnight [[laundrette]] business, running rival [[pub]]s, creating [[perfume]], designing greeting cards, inventing a new flavour of [[ice cream]], selling [[wedding dress]]es and a buying task in [[Morocco]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/mar/18/bbc.realitytv|title=Sugar moots junior Apprentice show|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/03_march/18/apprentice.shtml|title=The Apprentice – Let the boardroom battle commence!|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> An unknown advertising task is scheduled for week 8.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alexliangwebsite.tripod.com/|title=Alex Liang: actor, dancer, acrobat, model, stuntman, combat specialist|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>

On October 19, 2007, filming took place beside [[One Canada Square]] with candidates seemingly advertising an "Aston Martin Roadster Experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scoopt.com/Products/Scoopt/20904071020003426.aspx|title=Scoopt Gallery|accessdate=2008-01-08}}</ref>

The candidates are based in an impressive 7,000 square foot, £5million warehouse conversion in Candahar Road, [[Battersea]]. The luxury duplex conversion, ''The Glass Factory'', is owned by ex-Formula1 racing driver [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|Johnny Dumfries]], the seventh [[Marquess of Bute]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=540418&in_page_id=1773|title=Inside the £5m converted warehouse that will be the Apprentices' new home|publisher=The Daily Mail|date=20th March, 2008|accessdate=2008-03-20}}</ref>

==Candidates==

''See also: [[List_of_The_Apprentice_candidates_%28UK%29#Series_Four|List of The Apprentice Candidates]]''

[[Image:S4Men.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The male candidates from Series Four in the boardroom. 
Back row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Simon Smith|Simon]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lee McQueen|Lee]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Nicholas de Lacy-Brown|Nicholas]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Michael Sophocles|Michael]]. 
Front row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Raef Bjayou|Raef]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Kevin Shaw|Kevin]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Ian Stringer|Ian]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Alex Wotherspoon|Alex]].]]
[[Image:S4Women.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The female candidates from Series Four in the boardroom. Back row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lucinda Ledgerwood|Lucinda]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Shazia Wahab|Shazia]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Sara Dhada|Sara]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jenny Celerier|Jenny]]. 
Front row left to right: [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Claire Young|Claire]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Helene Speight|Helene]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lindi Mngaza|Lindi]], [[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jennifer Maguire|Jennifer]].]]

There are 16 candidates taking part in the fourth series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/metrolife/article.html?in_article_id=120956&in_page_id=9|title=Meet this year's boardroom...|publisher=[[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)]]|accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> The two initial teams (women and men) chose the names "Alpha" and "Renaissance" respectively.

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 25%"
|- valign="top"
! style="text-align:left" |Name
! style="text-align:left" |Age*
! style="text-align:left" |Occupation
|- valign="top"
|Raef Bjayou
|27
|Entrepreneur
|- valign="top"
|Jenny Celerier
|36
|Sales manager
|- valign="top"
|{{nowrap|Nicholas de Lacy-Brown}}
|23
|Trainee barrister
|- valign="top"
|Sara Dhada
|25
|Car sales strategist
|- valign="top"
|Lucinda Ledgerwood
|31
|Risk Assessment manager
|- valign="top"
|Jennifer Maguire
|27
|Marketing consultant
|- valign="top"
|Lee McQueen
|30
|{{nowrap|Recruitment sales manager}}
|- valign="top"
|Lindi Mngaza
|22
|Business liaison manager
|- valign="top"
|Kevin Shaw
|24
|Bank manager
|- valign="top"
|Simon Smith
|35
|Satellite TV engineer
|- valign="top"
|Michael Sophocles
|25
|Telesales executive
|- valign="top"
|Helene Speight
|32
|nowrap|Global pricing leader
|- valign="top"
|Ian Stringer
|26
|Software sales manager
|- valign="top"
|Shazia Wahab
|35
|Mosaic artist
|- valign="top"
|Alex Wotherspoon
|24
|Sales manager
|- valign="top"
|Claire Young
|28
|Retail buyer
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki> as of the date of the programme.

==Challenges==


===Week 1: Fishy Business===
*'''Project managers:''' Claire (Alpha) and Alex (Renaissance)
*'''Task:''' Selling fresh fish. The team that makes the most money wins.<ref name="BBC Press Office"> {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk13/unplaced.shtml#unplaced_apprentice |title=The Apprentice Ep 1/12 |accessdate=2008-03-12 |date=2008-03-12 |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams were given a van containing £600 worth of fish and a choice of London market locations from which to sell. Both teams chose to sell in [[Islington]], with the women's team, Alpha, making this decision earlier in the day. Both teams had problems identifying the fish and pricing it correctly, leading to confrontation in the men's team, Renaissance. Renaissance made a profit of £32.69 whilst Alpha made a profit of £153.98.<ref name="Apprentice1">{{cite episode|title=The Apprentice (UK)|series=The Apprentice|serieslink=The Apprentice (UK)|airdate=2008-03-26|season=4|number=1}}</ref>
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' Dinner cooked by [[Jean-Christophe Novelli]] <ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Alex, Nicholas and Raef <ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Fired:''' Nicholas, for mispricing the fish<ref name="Apprentice1" />
*'''Notes:''' Sir Alan was not impressed by the profit margin achieved by either team, but conceded to team Alpha that "a win is a win". Alex was criticised in the boardroom for dwelling too much on individuals' mistakes during the task, but avoided being fired because he had volunteered himself as project manager when no-one else was willing. There was considerable discussion of a split within Renaissance along class or educational lines.

===Week 2: A Dirty Job===


*'''Project managers:''' Jenny (Alpha)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/apprentice/videos/vid/200.html |title=The Apprentice - Videos - The iron man |accessdate=2008-03-27|publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref> and Raef (Renaissance)<ref>Daily Telegraph Television & Radio Guide, 29th March 2008</ref>
*'''Task:''' Setting up an overnight laundry business.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/wk14/wed.shtml#wed_apprentice |title=The Apprentice Ep 2/12 |accessdate=2008-03-12|publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams were given use of an industrial laundry for the night. Both teams sourced business from a variety of customers, both commercial and domestic. These included a hotel and a fishmonger introduced to the teams by Sir Alan. Alpha had problems setting a reasonable price, attempting to charge the hotel £4990 for £200 worth of washing, and the fishmonger £15 for £60 worth of washing. Renaissance managed to finish their washing and pressing before the laundry had to close, but Alpha were late in getting started and hadn't finished by the end of the night. They suffered problems due to mix-ups with customers' clothing, including two lost items for which they were fined £50 in the boardroom. This was blamed on Shazia, who had the task of keeping track of items, but left early in an unsuccessful attempt to get hold of the steam irons at the house, which Renaissance had already removed. Ultimately, Alpha made a profit of £195.55 and Renaissance made a profit of £328.00.
*'''Winner:''' Renaissance
*'''Reward:''' Tea at [[Ritz Hotel|The Ritz]]
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Jenny, Lucinda and Shazia
*'''Fired:''' Shazia, for leaving the laundry early and allowing items to get mixed up.
*'''Notes:''' Alpha attempted to earn additional money by asking for tips from their customers, but this did not result in much additional profit because of the mix-ups over the items of clothing. Sir Alan was critical of this tactic and pointed out that it would have been unnecessary if they had appropriately priced their service to begin with.

===Week 3: Cooking With Gas?===

*'''Project managers''': Sara (Alpha) and Ian (Renaissance)
*'''Task:''' Running a themed restaurant in a pub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76282939&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-03-29}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Both teams had to devise and run a themed food day in a pub with no previous history of serving food. Alpha chose a [[Bollywood]] theme and Renaissance chose Italian. The teams were given a list of wholesalers to use, but Renaissance ran out of time and had to resort to purchasing their supplies from [[Tesco]], resulting in substantially increased food costs. Renaissance also produced 200 flyers at £1 each, whilst Alpha managed to arrange all their printing for free. Alpha had to cancel their lunch service due to the food not being prepared properly, but their strategy of selling admission tickets for £5 that were redeemable against dinner, as well as their better purchasing decisions, meant that they were in profit before they had even served a meal. Renaissance actually took more money, but because of cost overruns they made only £301.97 profit against Alpha's £604.27.
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' Cooking lessons at the Eckington Manor Cookery School in Worcestershire.
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Ian, Kevin and Simon.
*'''Fired:''' Ian, for poor performance as project manager

===Week 4: A Photo Finish===


*'''Project managers:''' Simon (Renaissance) and Helene (Alpha) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/apprentice/newsarticle/cid/123.html|title=BBC - The Apprentice - News Article|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>
*'''Team reshuffle:''' Sir Alan mixes up the teams for the first time, with Claire, Jenny and Sara joining the previously all-male Renaissance team and Kevin, Lee and Raef moving in the opposite direction to join Alpha.
*'''Task:''' Running a photography business in [[Bluewater]] shopping centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76550627&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-04}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Alpha hired a David Beckham lookalike who was popular with the kids, whilst Simon decided that Renaissance should go with a glamour and beauty theme. Simon had little support from his team, with Alex and Claire in particular questioning his leadership throughout the task and the remaining team members also voicing to the cameras that they had little confidence in him. Both teams had more customers than they could handle during the day. Communication issues between the shop floor and the production room caused lost orders for both teams—particularly Renaissance—whilst Alpha had problems operating their computer and were unable to meet the orders. Alpha made a profit of £145.10 and Renaissance lost £73.81.
*'''Winner:''' Alpha
*'''Reward:''' A luxury yacht trip to the [[Isle of Wight]] and dinner onboard
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Simon, Alex and Claire.
*'''Fired:''' With regret, Simon whom Sir Alan considered out of his depth.

===Week 5===


*'''Project managers:''' Unknown (Alpha) and Claire (Renaissance) '''
*'''Team reshuffle:''' Kevin is transferred to Renaissance to even the teams at six candidates each.
*'''Task:''' Inventing several new flavours of ice cream, selling to the trade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=76909683&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-10}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Unknown.
*'''Winner:''' Unknown
*'''Reward:''' ''Unknown''
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Unknown
*'''Fired: Unknown

===Week 6===


*'''Project managers:''' Unknown (Alpha) and Unknown (Renaissance) ''''
*'''Task:''' Create a brand new occasion for a range of greetings cards to pitch to prospective retailers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/ListingsServlet?event=10&channelId=92&programmeId=77270780&jspLocation=/jsp/prog_details_fullpage.jsp|title=Radio Times - The Apprentice|accessdate=2008-04-17}}</ref>
*'''Result:''' Unknown.
*'''Winner:''' Unknown
*'''Reward:''' ''Unknown''
*'''Brought into the boardroom:''' Unknown
*'''Fired: Unknown

==Weekly results==

{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Candidate
!colspan="12"| Week
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Result
|-
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_1|1]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_2|2]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_3|3]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_4|4]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_5|5]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_6|6]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_7|7]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_8|8]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_9|9]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_10|10]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_11|11]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_12|12]]
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Alex Wotherspoon|Alex]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Claire Young|Claire]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Helene Speight|Helene]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jennifer Maguire|Jennifer]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Jenny Celerier|Jenny]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Kevin Shaw|Kevin]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lee McQueen|Lee]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lindi Mngaza|Lindi]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Lucinda Ledgerwood|Lucinda]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Michael Sophocles|Michael]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Raef Bjayou|Raef]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Sara Dhada|Sara]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''PM'''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|colspan=7|
|
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Simon Smith|Simon]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=8 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 4
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Ian Stringer|Ian]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''PM'''
|colspan=9 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 3
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Shazia Wahab|Shazia]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|
|align="center" bgcolor="#FFD1F7"|'''''B'''''
|colspan=10 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 2
|-
![[List of The Apprentice candidates (UK)#Nicholas de Lacy-Brown|Nicholas]]
|align="center" bgcolor="#cfcfff"|'''''B'''''
|colspan=11 bgcolor="#dfdfdf"|
|Fired in Week 1
|-
|- valign="top"
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Candidate
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_1|1]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_2|2]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_3|3]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_4|4]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_5|5]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_6|6]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_7|7]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_8|8]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_9|9]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_10|10]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_11|11]]
!width="25"| [[The_Apprentice_%28UK_Series_Four%29#Week_12|12]]
!valign="middle" rowspan="2"| Result
|-
!colspan="12"| Week
|}
|valign="top"|
{| style="margin-right:0; font-size:85%" class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Legend
|- bgcolor="#ffdf9f"
| || Finale
|- bgcolor="#ffffbf"
| || Interviews
|- bgcolor="#cfcfff"
| || Renaissance
|- bgcolor="#FFD1F7"
| || Alpha
|-
!align="center"|'''PM'''
| Project manager
|-
!align="center" | ''B''
| Brought back to boardroom
|}

|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{bbc.co.uk|id=apprentice|title=''The Apprentice''}}

{{The Apprentice UK}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Apprentice (UK Series Four), The}}
[[Category:The Apprentice UK]]

User talk:70.106.128.35

2008-01-13T14:49:24Z

Matthuxtable: Posting {{subst:uw-delete1|Rodney Harrison}} using VP

{{{icon|[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] }}}Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from {{{{{subst|}}}#if:Rodney Harrison|[[:Rodney Harrison]]|Wikipedia}}. When removing text, please specify a reason in the [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the [[Help:Page history|page history]]. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Welcome|welcome page]] to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}} A link to the edit I have reverted can be found here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodney_Harrison&diff=next&oldid=183975161 link]. If you believe this edit should not have been reverted, please contact me.  [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] ([[User talk:Matthuxtable|talk]]) 14:49, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

Rodney Harrison

2008-01-13T14:49:19Z

Matthuxtable: Reverted 1 edit by 70.106.128.35 (talk) to last revision (183975161) by VoABot II using VP

{{Infobox NFLactive
|currentteam=New England Patriots
|image=Rodney Harrison.jpg
|width=
|Caption=
|currentnumber=37
|currentpositionplain=[[Safety (American football)|Safety]]
|birthdate={{birth date and age|1972|12|15}}
|birthplace=Markham, Illinois
|heightft=6
|heightin=1
|weight=220
|debutyear=1994
|debutteam=San Diego Chargers
|highlights=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[Pro Bowl]]: [[1999 Pro Bowl|1998]], [[2002 Pro Bowl|2001]]
* Only player in NFL history with 30 INTs and 30 sacks
|college=[[Western Illinois University|Western Illinois]]
|draftyear=1994
|draftround=5
|draftpick=145
|pastteams=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[San Diego Chargers]] (1994-2002)
* [[New England Patriots]] (2003-''present'')
|nfl=HAR637919
}}
'''Rodney Scott Harrison''' (born [[December 15]], [[1972]] in [[Markham, Illinois]]) is an [[American football]] [[Safety (football position)|safety]] for the [[New England Patriots]] of the [[National Football League]].

==High school career==
Harrison went to high school at [[Marian Catholic High School]] in [[Chicago Heights, Illinois]]. In [[March]] [[2006]], Marian Catholic retired Harrison's #37 jersey<ref>[http://www.marianchs.com/athletics/mbasketball/MLegends.html M Legends] Marian Catholic High School. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>. Harrison graduated from high school in [[1991]].

==College career==
Harrison played [[college football]] at [[Western Illinois University]] from 1991 to [[1993 in sports|1993]]. He is the school's record holder for tackles in a career (345) and tackles in a game (28). As a freshman, Harrison was a second-team All-[[Gateway Football Conference]] before being named a first-team All-Gateway pick as a sophomore and junior. The [[Associated Press]] also named him a second-team [[College Football All-America Team|All-American]] as a sophomore and a first-team All-American as a junior<ref>[http://www.patriots.com/team/index.cfm?ac=playerbio&bio=14695 Rodney Harrison biography] Patriots.com. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>.

==Professional career==
===San Diego Chargers===
====1994-2002====
Harrison was originally drafted in [[1994 NFL Draft|1994]] (145th overall) by the [[San Diego Chargers]], the same year they made their first and to this point only appearance in a [[Super Bowl]] ([[Super Bowl XXIX]]), a loss to the [[San Francisco 49ers]]. He became a starting member of their [[1997 NFL season|1997]] defense. He went to two [[Pro Bowl|Pro Bowls]] with the Chargers in [[1999 Pro Bowl|1998]] and [[2002 Pro Bowl|2001]].

===New England Patriots===
====2003====
Following the [[2002 NFL season|2002]] season, on [[February 27]], [[2003 in sports|2003]], Harrison was released in a [[salary cap]] move by the Chargers. Harrison said it was "only a matter of time" before he was released, and that he "was happy to test the free agent market<ref>[http://www.nfl.com/teams/story/SD/6216357 Chargers cut Harrison, Conway] NFL.com. Accessed 24 April, 2007.</ref>."

Two weeks later, on [[March 13]], Harrison landed with the Patriots, signing a six-year deal. At the time, the Patriots had both Harrison and fellow Pro Bowl safety [[Lawyer Milloy]] under contract. However, throughout the offseason the Patriots and Milloy were involved in contract negotiations, with the Patriots requesting Milloy take a pay cut or be released. Milloy didn't budge, and on [[September 2]] he was released.

Prior to the [[2003 New England Patriots season|2003 season]], Harrison was named a defensive captain in his first year with the Patriots by his teammates.

On [[January 10]], [[2004 in sports|2004]] in the [[NFL playoffs, 2003-04|divisional playoff]] game against the [[Tennessee Titans]], he intercepted [[Steve McNair]], which set up [[Antowain Smith]]'s touchdown as New England would hold on for a 17-14 win. In the [[American Football Conference|AFC]] Championship game the next week against the [[Indianapolis Colts]], Harrison intercepted [[Peyton Manning]] in the end zone and forced a [[Marvin Harrison]] fumble that teammate [[Tyrone Poole]] recovered. Harrison then went on to help New England Patriots win their second title in three years, against the [[Carolina Panthers]] in [[Super Bowl XXXVIII]], 32-29. He was injured late in the game, but a [[Tom Brady]]-led drive and [[Adam Vinatieri]] field goal secured the Patriots' victory. In his tenth year in the league, Harrison earned his first Super Bowl ring in 2003.

Additionally, Harrison was named to the Associated Press' All-Pro team following 140-tackle (a 2003 NFL best for a [[defensive back]]) and three-sack season.

====2004====
The [[2004 New England Patriots season|2004 season]] showed a similar performance from the Charger exile. Harrison helped New England's defense finish second in the NFL in scoring for 2004. For the second straight season, Harrison's 138-tackles were tops for defensive backs in the NFL. Harrison also started all 16 regular season games for the sixth time in his career, holding together a Patriots secondary that was without [[Ty Law]] and [[Tyrone Poole]] for the majority of the season.

In the Patriots' [[NFL playoffs, 2004-05|divisional playoff]] game against the [[Indianapolis Colts]], Harrison intercepted [[Peyton Manning]] late in the game to remove the last chance Indianapolis had of scoring a touchdown. The next week in the AFC Championship, Harrison jumped a [[Ben Roethlisberger]] pass and took it 87 yards for a touchdown, helping the Patriots defeat the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], 41-27. During the week leading up to the Super Bowl, Harrison got into a verbal feud with [[Philadelphia Eagles]] receiver [[Freddie Mitchell]] after Mitchell claimed he "had something for Harrison" and did not know the names of the New England secondary<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A50007-2005Jan30.html Patriots Have a Name for Eagles' Mitchell: 'Jerk'] Washington Post. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>. Harrison and the Patriots made a statement in [[Super Bowl XXXIX]], as he would record seven tackles, a sack, and two interceptions of quarterback [[Donovan McNabb]], despite missing almost an entire quarter due to an injury sustained during the game. The second interception with ten seconds remaining in the game preserved a 24-21 Patriot win, ensuring a third championship in four years.

====2005====
The [[2005 New England Patriots season|2005 season]] began a string of multiple injuries for the 12th-year safety. It ended with a game on [[September 25]] against the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], when Harrison was hit in the knee by a falling [[Cedrick Wilson]] and tore the [[Anterior cruciate ligament|ACL]], [[Medial collateral ligament|MCL]], and [[Posterior cruciate ligament|PCL]] in his left knee<ref>[http://www.nfl.com/teams/story/NE/8895797 Pats SS Harrison expected to miss season] NFL.com. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>. Harrison was subsequently placed on the [[injured reserve]] list, ending his season.

====2006====
More than 10 months after his season-ending injury, Harrison returned to Patriots practice for the first time on [[August 7]]<ref>[http://www.boston.com/sports/football/patriots/reiss_pieces/2006/08/harrison_too.html Harrison too] Boston.com Reiss' Pieces. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>. After sporadic playing time in the preseason, Harrison started the first seven of the Patriots' games in [[2006 New England Patriots season|2006]], totaling 23 tackles and one sack. However, while making a tackle on [[Marvin Harrison]] against the Colts on [[November 5]], Harrison injured his right shoulder and missed the next six weeks of the season. He returned for the Patriots' penultimate game of the season against the [[Tennessee Titans]], but his season was ended for good the next week after a low block from [[Bobby Wade]] injured his right knee.

====2007====
Harrison was suspended for the first four games of the regular season for admitting to federal investigators that he knowingly obtained and used [[growth hormone|human growth hormone]]<ref name="ESPN">[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2999994 Pats' Harrison to be suspended 4 games for alleged HGH violation] ESPN.com. Accessed 31 August 2007.</ref> Harrison stated to the media that he used "a banned substance" for "accelerating the healing process from injuries [he] sustained playing football," and "never to gain a competitive edge<ref>[http://www.bostonherald.com/blogs/patriots/?p=1527 Harrison statement] BostonHerald.com The Point After Blog. Accessed 31 August 2007.</ref>." In addition, according to federal agents and Harrison himself, Harrison received a shipment of HGH, with his name on it, just days before the 2004 Super Bowl. <ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3028236 Harrison report] Espn.com. Accessed 17 September 2007.</ref>.

In the AFC Divisional Playoffs versus the [[Jacksonville Jaguars]], Harrison intercepted a pass with a little over 4 minutes left in the final quarter.

==Controversy==
Harrison was voted the "dirtiest player" in the NFL by his peers according to a [[2004 in sports|2004]] poll conducted by [[Sports Illustrated]]. In [[2006 in sports|2006]], Harrison once again topped the "dirtiest player" voting by 361 other NFL players<ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2631666 Pats' Harrison can't wash hands of dirtiest player label] ESPN.com. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>. Harrison has also been fined and suspended multiple times, and as of [[2002 NFL season|2002]], had racked up over $200,000 in fines by the NFL. A notable suspension occurred in 2002 after a helmet-to-helmet hit on the [[Oakland Raiders]]' [[Jerry Rice]]<ref>[http://www.nfl.com/teams/story/SD/5844176 Harrison loses appeal, to miss Jets game] NFL.com. Accessed 24 April 2007.</ref>.

On August 31 2007 Harrison announced that he was being suspended for 4 games of the 2007 season due to a violation of the NFL's performance-enhancing substances policy. Harrison has said that his motivation was to improve his healing time from injuries. "My purpose was never to gain a competitive edge," he said.

==Notables and records==
*In [[1997 NFL season|1997]], became first player in NFL history to score touchdowns on an interception return, fumble return and kickoff return in same season.
*Has the most sacks (30.5) of any defensive back in NFL history.
*Had 4 interceptions in 3 games in the [[NFL playoffs, 2004-05|2004-05 playoffs]].
*Is one of nine players in the history of the NFL to record at least [[20/20 Club|20 interceptions and 20 sacks]] in his career. The other members of this small club are linebackers [[Jack Ham]], [[Seth Joyner]], [[Wilber Marshall]], [[William Thomas]], [[Donnie Edwards]] and [[Ray Lewis (American football)|Ray Lewis]] and safety [[LeRoy Butler]] and cornerback [[Ronde Barber]].
*On October 21, 2007 was the first ever to enter the 30/30 Club (30 interceptions and 30 sacks)

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nflplayers.com/players/player.aspx?id=20823 NFLPlayers.com Profile]

{{Super Bowl XXXVIII}}
{{Super Bowl XXXIX}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrison, Rodney}}

[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American football safeties]]
[[Category:African American sportspeople]]
[[Category:San Diego Chargers players]]
[[Category:New England Patriots players]]
[[Category:Western Illinois Leathernecks football players]]
[[Category:People from Markham, Illinois]]
[[Category:American Conference Pro Bowl players]]
[[Category:Doping cases in American football]]

Fremington, Devon

2008-01-03T16:11:25Z

Matthuxtable: no need for TOC to be right aligned

:''For Fremington in North Yorkshire see [[Fremington, North Yorkshire]]''

'''Fremington''' is a village in [[North Devon]] three miles (5 km) west of [[Barnstaple]]. It was formerly a [[borough]] that sent members to Parliament in the reign of [[Edward III]]. The parish itself includes the neighbouring villages of [[Bickington, North Devon|Bickington]] and [[Yelland]], the latter only asserting its identity as separate entity during the 1980s. Fremington [[hundreds]] was one of the 32 historical districts of the county of [[Devon]]. Geographically, the centre of the village is approximately a mile (2 km) south of its Quay, the latter a historic wharf situated on the southern bank of the [[River Taw]].

==Church==
The church, St Peter's, was thoroughly 'Victorianised' in 1867 during renovations directed by the architect Sir [[George Gilbert Scott]]. The stone pulpit still carries traces of colour, apparently from the soil in which it was buried during the [[Reformation]]. St Peter's medieval tower is positioned at the east end of the church, to the north of the chancel, an oddity shared in North Devon with Barnstaple and [[Pilton]].

The only other architecture of note is Fremington Manor, now a retirement home, situated 50 metres east of St Peter's. It is also a nineteenth century remodeling. Fremington's amenities include two pubs, the Fox and Hounds and the New Inn; they are situated almost next door to each other. The 1st Fremington [[Air Scouts]] are also located within the village.

==Geology==
Fremington is famous for Fishley Pottery. Excellent, stone-free clay pits (now mainly worked out) exist in the eastern half of the parish and were also used to form pottery for Barnstaple or 'Barumware'. The clay may have formed in [[varve]] lakes, near an ice deposit which lay over Fremington during the [[Last Glacial Maximum]]. Rare (for south-western England) [[glacial deposit]]s are found here. Two patches of [[boulder clay]] lie over the centre of the parish's bedrock. The next nearest boulder clay can be found in the [[Gower Peninsula]], South Wales, approximately 45 miles (72 km) due north of Fremington. The nearest deposit of boulder clay in England can be found in the central [[Cotswolds]], 6 miles (10 km) due east of [[Bourton-on-the-Water]] and approximately 140 miles (225 km) north-east of Fremington. The existence of the boulder clay is puzzling as the southern-most limit of the [[Devensian]] glaciation is theorised to have been located over South Wales. There are few other signs of glaciation in North Devon to support an extension to a more southerly limit. It has been theorised that the surface covering was in some way attached to an ice-mass that drifted across the Bristol Channel and deposited the [[till]] over Fremington. This, however, does not fully explain the presence of the nearly co-located varve clay beds.

==Railway==
[[Image:Fremingtonstation.jpg|right|200px|thumb| [[Fremington railway station]] in 1969.]]
The [[Tarka Trail]] cycle track (also part of the [[South West Coast Path]]), which follows the course of the rail line from Barnstaple to [[Torrington]], passes over Fremington Pill via the old [[London and South Western Railway]] iron bridge (railway line closed 1982; dismantled 1987) at Fremington Quay on the old Barnstaple to Torrington railtrack bed. The original railway was first planned in an [[Act of Parliament]] in 1838, and laid in 1846 connecting the ''Penhill'' with Barnstaple at a cost of £20 000. A number of boats are moored here (in the Pill). The 'Quay Cafe' is located here. Whilst rather charmingly built in the style of a railway station, it is not the original one which was located the other side of the Tarka Trail where an original platform still exists. Other features around the Pill include a couple of [[Lime kiln]]s, now thoroughly fenced off to prevent accidents.
{{clear}}
==Quay==
Fremington Quay was once important in the import and export of many goods. It had railway sidings, cranes, etc., for the export of china clay and 'import' of coal. Between the early to mid-twentieth century it was the busiest (tonnage) port between Bristol and Lands End. In later life an [[abattoir]] was located here. The quay now has been redeveloped with a restaurant and facilities to enjoy wide views over the [[River Taw|Taw]] estuary. It is now a [[Conservation Area]] having been designated such in 1996.

==Army Camp==
There is an army camp in village which is used as a base to train the [[Army Air Corps]]. The camp was originally located here to be within easy marching distance (800 m) from the railway station at the Quay. The site was used by the US Army's 313th Station Hospital for post-D-Day rehabilitation, with room for 2 000 patients. It started receiving casualties on 20th July 1944. It now complements the Marines and Air Force presence at [[Royal Marines Base Chivenor]], situated a mile (2 km) northwards on the opposite bank of the River Taw, and the Amphibious Trials and Training Unit of the [[Royal Marines]] at Arromanches Camp, [[Instow]], 2 miles (4 km) to the west. The Camp is now the Home of EBO Adventure http://www.eboadventure.com a Adventure Training company that provide the Military with AT activities.

==Statistics==
The 1848 'Lewis' survey shows the parish has 6810 acres (28 km²), of which 999 acres (4 km²) were waste or common land. The number of dwellings in the village was static between the first Ordnance Survey series in the 1880's until the second world war. Fremington has since multiplied in size several times over. By 2000, the population of the village (rather than the parish) was approximately 4 250. The A39 trunk road, which forms the main route to north-west Devon and north-east Cornwall, was diverted 2 miles (3 km) south of the village in 1989, relieving the village of its annual summer traffic jams.

==External links==
* [http://www.devon.gov.uk/etched?url=etched/ixbin/hixclient.exe&_IXP_=1&_IXR=110523 Devon County Council Local History of Fremington]
* [http://genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEV/Fremington/ GENUKI entry for Fremington]
* [http://genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEV/Hundreds.html Devon Hundreds]
* [http://www.fremingtonquaycafe.co.uk Quay Cafe]
* [http://www.northdevonondisk.org.uk/ndod/keyword.asp?archid=31&search=fremington Pictures of Fremingtons past]
* [http://www.fremington.org/ Fremington Medical Centre]
* [http://www.bidefordrail.co.uk/birg_history.htm Bideford railway history]
* [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/returnticket/bjbaaaan.htm Fremington-centred walks on the Tarka Trail]
* [http://www.eboadventure.com]

==References==
*[[Samuel Lewis (publisher)|Samuel Lewis]] (1848): Topographical dictionary of England, 7th Edition
*[http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/actvssurgconvol2/chapter6.htm| US Army history] R. L. Diveley and M. Cleveland. Surgery in World War II, Volume II, Chapter 6.

{{Settlements in north Devon}}

[[Category:Villages in Devon]]
{{coord title d|51.20|N|04.08|W|region:GB}}
{{coord|51|04|20|N|4|07|34|W|region:GB_type:city|display=title}}

Barnstaple railway station

2008-01-03T15:51:02Z

Matthuxtable: /* Services */ hyperlink

{{Infobox UK station
|name = Barnstaple
|code = BNP
|image = [[Image:Barnstable railway station.JPG|300px|right]]
|manager = [[First Great Western]]
|locale = [[Barnstaple]]
|borough = [[North Devon]], [[Devon]]
|usage0405 = 0.194
|platforms = 1
|start = August 1854
}}

'''Barnstaple railway station''' is the terminus of a long branch line, known as the [[Tarka Line]] 63 km (39 miles) north west of [[Exeter St Davids railway station|Exeter St Davids]], in [[Devon]].

The single platform is on the east (right) of trains arriving from [[Exeter]]. There is level access to the station car park. The centre of [[Barnstaple]] is reached by crossing the Long Bridge over the [[River Taw]] 300 m from the station.

A footpath from the station leads onto the cycleway along the abandoned railway line to [[Bideford]] which forms part of the [[South West Coast Path]].

The station is operated by [[First Great Western]].

==History==
[[Image:Barnstaplejunction2.jpg|thumb|left|Barnstaple Junction station in July 1971, looking towards Exeter.]]
A railway for goods traffic was operated from [[Fremington, Devon|Fremington]] Quay, opening in August [[1848]]. On [[1 August]] [[1854]] the [[North Devon Railway]] opened from '''Barnstaple''' to [[Crediton railway station|Crediton]]. Trains were extended via Fremington to [[Bideford]] on [[2 November]] [[1855]]. This route was eventually extended to loop back to [[Okehampton]] via [[Torrington]] and [[Halwill Junction]].

The station became '''Barnstaple Junction''' on [[20 July]] [[1874]] when the railway opened the [[Ilfracombe Branch Line|Ilfracombe branch line]]. The line crossed the river on a large bridge to a station at [[Barnstaple Quay railway station|Barnstaple Quay]] which in turn was replaced by [[Barnstaple Town railway station|Barnstaple Town]] on an adjacent site in [[1892]] when the [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] [[Lynton and Barnstaple Railway]] was opened. This station is now a smart shopping centre.
[[Image:Barnstaplejunction10.jpg|thumb|left|Barnstaple Junction station in June 1970, looking towards Exeter with part of the freight yard in view.]]
On [[1 June]] [[1887]] a loop line was laid to connect the station with the [[Great Western Railway]] line from [[Taunton]] which had opened its own station in [[Barnstaple Victoria Road railway station|Victoria Road]] on [[1 November]] [[1873]].

The North Devon Railway was amalgamated into the [[London and South Western Railway]] on [[1 January]] [[1865]], this railway passing to the [[Southern Railway (Great Britain)|Southern Railway]] in [[1923]] which was in turn [[Nationalisation|nationalised]] into [[British Railways]] in [[1948]].

[[Image:Barnstaplestation.jpg|thumb|right|Barnstaple Junction station on 20 June 1970, looking towards Bideford and Ilfracombe.]]
The Junction station was extended in [[1874]] for the [[Ilfracombe]] services and again in [[1924]].
The first services to be withdrawn were the passenger trains to Bideford on [[2 October]] [[1965]]. The passenger services from Victoria Road were ceased on [[3 October]] [[1966]] and that line was closed entirely from [[5 March]] [[1970]]. The line to Ilfracombe was closed later that year, on [[5 October]] [[1970]], and so the station became plain '''Barnstaple''' once more.

On [[21 May]] [[1971]] the track was simplified and the line to [[Umberleigh railway station|Umberleigh]] was reduced to just one track. A new booking office was opened on [[10 November]] [[1981]] but goods trains beyond on the Fremington line were withdrawn on [[31 August]] [[1982]] leaving the station as a terminus.

In [[2006]] the bridges that carried Sticklepath Hill (the A3125) across the former Bideford and Ilfracombe lines were demolished to make way for a road junction for the [[Barnstaple Western Bypass]], which opened in [[May]] [[2007]]. The roundabout here has been built on a raised platform in order to allow for the reopening of the line to Bideford should this be proved viable in the future.
{{clear}}

==Services==
Barnstaple is served by typically eleven trains each weekday and six on Sundays{{fact}}. Most services run to [[Exmouth railway station|Exmouth]], passing through [[Exeter St Davids railway station]] where connections with main line services are available.
{{rail start}}
{{rail line|previous=[[Chapelton railway station|Chapelton]] |next=Terminus|route='''[[Tarka Line|Exmouth to Barnstaple]]''' ([[First Great Western|GW]])|col=010385}}
{{end box}}

==Community railway==
The railway between Exeter and Barnstaple is designated as a [[community railway]] and is supported by marketing provided by the [[Devon and Cornwall Rail Partnership]]. The line is promoted under the "[[Tarka Line]]" name.

Three [[pub]]s at Barnstaple are included in the Tarka Line [[rail ale trail]].

==References==
''The North Devon Line'' by John Nicholas, Oxford Publishing Company 1992, ISBN 0-86093-461-6

==External links==
{{stn art lnk|BNP}}

{{Swcp
|topath=50 yards
|anti-nextstation=[[Newquay railway station|Newquay]] 123 miles
([[Exeter St Davids railway station]] is served by coach from Bude, 56 miles) 
([[Bodmin Parkway railway station]] is served by bus from Padstow, 98 miles)
|clck-nextstation=[[Minehead railway station|Minehead]] 69 miles}}

{{Devon railway stations}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Devon]]
[[Category:Railway stations opened in 1854]]

[[lmo:Barnstaple stassiú camí de fer]]

Barnstaple railway station

2008-01-03T15:50:42Z

Matthuxtable: /* Services */ wording

{{Infobox UK station
|name = Barnstaple
|code = BNP
|image = [[Image:Barnstable railway station.JPG|300px|right]]
|manager = [[First Great Western]]
|locale = [[Barnstaple]]
|borough = [[North Devon]], [[Devon]]
|usage0405 = 0.194
|platforms = 1
|start = August 1854
}}

'''Barnstaple railway station''' is the terminus of a long branch line, known as the [[Tarka Line]] 63 km (39 miles) north west of [[Exeter St Davids railway station|Exeter St Davids]], in [[Devon]].

The single platform is on the east (right) of trains arriving from [[Exeter]]. There is level access to the station car park. The centre of [[Barnstaple]] is reached by crossing the Long Bridge over the [[River Taw]] 300 m from the station.

A footpath from the station leads onto the cycleway along the abandoned railway line to [[Bideford]] which forms part of the [[South West Coast Path]].

The station is operated by [[First Great Western]].

==History==
[[Image:Barnstaplejunction2.jpg|thumb|left|Barnstaple Junction station in July 1971, looking towards Exeter.]]
A railway for goods traffic was operated from [[Fremington, Devon|Fremington]] Quay, opening in August [[1848]]. On [[1 August]] [[1854]] the [[North Devon Railway]] opened from '''Barnstaple''' to [[Crediton railway station|Crediton]]. Trains were extended via Fremington to [[Bideford]] on [[2 November]] [[1855]]. This route was eventually extended to loop back to [[Okehampton]] via [[Torrington]] and [[Halwill Junction]].

The station became '''Barnstaple Junction''' on [[20 July]] [[1874]] when the railway opened the [[Ilfracombe Branch Line|Ilfracombe branch line]]. The line crossed the river on a large bridge to a station at [[Barnstaple Quay railway station|Barnstaple Quay]] which in turn was replaced by [[Barnstaple Town railway station|Barnstaple Town]] on an adjacent site in [[1892]] when the [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] [[Lynton and Barnstaple Railway]] was opened. This station is now a smart shopping centre.
[[Image:Barnstaplejunction10.jpg|thumb|left|Barnstaple Junction station in June 1970, looking towards Exeter with part of the freight yard in view.]]
On [[1 June]] [[1887]] a loop line was laid to connect the station with the [[Great Western Railway]] line from [[Taunton]] which had opened its own station in [[Barnstaple Victoria Road railway station|Victoria Road]] on [[1 November]] [[1873]].

The North Devon Railway was amalgamated into the [[London and South Western Railway]] on [[1 January]] [[1865]], this railway passing to the [[Southern Railway (Great Britain)|Southern Railway]] in [[1923]] which was in turn [[Nationalisation|nationalised]] into [[British Railways]] in [[1948]].

[[Image:Barnstaplestation.jpg|thumb|right|Barnstaple Junction station on 20 June 1970, looking towards Bideford and Ilfracombe.]]
The Junction station was extended in [[1874]] for the [[Ilfracombe]] services and again in [[1924]].
The first services to be withdrawn were the passenger trains to Bideford on [[2 October]] [[1965]]. The passenger services from Victoria Road were ceased on [[3 October]] [[1966]] and that line was closed entirely from [[5 March]] [[1970]]. The line to Ilfracombe was closed later that year, on [[5 October]] [[1970]], and so the station became plain '''Barnstaple''' once more.

On [[21 May]] [[1971]] the track was simplified and the line to [[Umberleigh railway station|Umberleigh]] was reduced to just one track. A new booking office was opened on [[10 November]] [[1981]] but goods trains beyond on the Fremington line were withdrawn on [[31 August]] [[1982]] leaving the station as a terminus.

In [[2006]] the bridges that carried Sticklepath Hill (the A3125) across the former Bideford and Ilfracombe lines were demolished to make way for a road junction for the [[Barnstaple Western Bypass]], which opened in [[May]] [[2007]]. The roundabout here has been built on a raised platform in order to allow for the reopening of the line to Bideford should this be proved viable in the future.
{{clear}}

==Services==
Barnstaple is served by typically eleven trains each weekday and six on Sundays{{fact}}. Most services run to [[Exmounth railway station|Exmouth]], passing through [[Exeter St Davids railway station]] where connections with main line services are available.
{{rail start}}
{{rail line|previous=[[Chapelton railway station|Chapelton]] |next=Terminus|route='''[[Tarka Line|Exmouth to Barnstaple]]''' ([[First Great Western|GW]])|col=010385}}
{{end box}}

==Community railway==
The railway between Exeter and Barnstaple is designated as a [[community railway]] and is supported by marketing provided by the [[Devon and Cornwall Rail Partnership]]. The line is promoted under the "[[Tarka Line]]" name.

Three [[pub]]s at Barnstaple are included in the Tarka Line [[rail ale trail]].

==References==
''The North Devon Line'' by John Nicholas, Oxford Publishing Company 1992, ISBN 0-86093-461-6

==External links==
{{stn art lnk|BNP}}

{{Swcp
|topath=50 yards
|anti-nextstation=[[Newquay railway station|Newquay]] 123 miles
([[Exeter St Davids railway station]] is served by coach from Bude, 56 miles) 
([[Bodmin Parkway railway station]] is served by bus from Padstow, 98 miles)
|clck-nextstation=[[Minehead railway station|Minehead]] 69 miles}}

{{Devon railway stations}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Devon]]
[[Category:Railway stations opened in 1854]]

[[lmo:Barnstaple stassiú camí de fer]]

Barnstaple railway station

2008-01-03T15:49:40Z

Matthuxtable: /* Services */ citation required

{{Infobox UK station
|name = Barnstaple
|code = BNP
|image = [[Image:Barnstable railway station.JPG|300px|right]]
|manager = [[First Great Western]]
|locale = [[Barnstaple]]
|borough = [[North Devon]], [[Devon]]
|usage0405 = 0.194
|platforms = 1
|start = August 1854
}}

'''Barnstaple railway station''' is the terminus of a long branch line, known as the [[Tarka Line]] 63 km (39 miles) north west of [[Exeter St Davids railway station|Exeter St Davids]], in [[Devon]].

The single platform is on the east (right) of trains arriving from [[Exeter]]. There is level access to the station car park. The centre of [[Barnstaple]] is reached by crossing the Long Bridge over the [[River Taw]] 300 m from the station.

A footpath from the station leads onto the cycleway along the abandoned railway line to [[Bideford]] which forms part of the [[South West Coast Path]].

The station is operated by [[First Great Western]].

==History==
[[Image:Barnstaplejunction2.jpg|thumb|left|Barnstaple Junction station in July 1971, looking towards Exeter.]]
A railway for goods traffic was operated from [[Fremington, Devon|Fremington]] Quay, opening in August [[1848]]. On [[1 August]] [[1854]] the [[North Devon Railway]] opened from '''Barnstaple''' to [[Crediton railway station|Crediton]]. Trains were extended via Fremington to [[Bideford]] on [[2 November]] [[1855]]. This route was eventually extended to loop back to [[Okehampton]] via [[Torrington]] and [[Halwill Junction]].

The station became '''Barnstaple Junction''' on [[20 July]] [[1874]] when the railway opened the [[Ilfracombe Branch Line|Ilfracombe branch line]]. The line crossed the river on a large bridge to a station at [[Barnstaple Quay railway station|Barnstaple Quay]] which in turn was replaced by [[Barnstaple Town railway station|Barnstaple Town]] on an adjacent site in [[1892]] when the [[narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] [[Lynton and Barnstaple Railway]] was opened. This station is now a smart shopping centre.
[[Image:Barnstaplejunction10.jpg|thumb|left|Barnstaple Junction station in June 1970, looking towards Exeter with part of the freight yard in view.]]
On [[1 June]] [[1887]] a loop line was laid to connect the station with the [[Great Western Railway]] line from [[Taunton]] which had opened its own station in [[Barnstaple Victoria Road railway station|Victoria Road]] on [[1 November]] [[1873]].

The North Devon Railway was amalgamated into the [[London and South Western Railway]] on [[1 January]] [[1865]], this railway passing to the [[Southern Railway (Great Britain)|Southern Railway]] in [[1923]] which was in turn [[Nationalisation|nationalised]] into [[British Railways]] in [[1948]].

[[Image:Barnstaplestation.jpg|thumb|right|Barnstaple Junction station on 20 June 1970, looking towards Bideford and Ilfracombe.]]
The Junction station was extended in [[1874]] for the [[Ilfracombe]] services and again in [[1924]].
The first services to be withdrawn were the passenger trains to Bideford on [[2 October]] [[1965]]. The passenger services from Victoria Road were ceased on [[3 October]] [[1966]] and that line was closed entirely from [[5 March]] [[1970]]. The line to Ilfracombe was closed later that year, on [[5 October]] [[1970]], and so the station became plain '''Barnstaple''' once more.

On [[21 May]] [[1971]] the track was simplified and the line to [[Umberleigh railway station|Umberleigh]] was reduced to just one track. A new booking office was opened on [[10 November]] [[1981]] but goods trains beyond on the Fremington line were withdrawn on [[31 August]] [[1982]] leaving the station as a terminus.

In [[2006]] the bridges that carried Sticklepath Hill (the A3125) across the former Bideford and Ilfracombe lines were demolished to make way for a road junction for the [[Barnstaple Western Bypass]], which opened in [[May]] [[2007]]. The roundabout here has been built on a raised platform in order to allow for the reopening of the line to Bideford should this be proved viable in the future.
{{clear}}

==Services==
Barnstaple is served by typically eleven trains each weekday and six on Sundays{{fact}}. They run to [[Exeter St Davids railway station|Exeter St Davids]] where they connect with main line services, most then continue to [[Exmouth railway station|Exmouth]].
{{rail start}}
{{rail line|previous=[[Chapelton railway station|Chapelton]] |next=Terminus|route='''[[Tarka Line|Exmouth to Barnstaple]]''' ([[First Great Western|GW]])|col=010385}}
{{end box}}

==Community railway==
The railway between Exeter and Barnstaple is designated as a [[community railway]] and is supported by marketing provided by the [[Devon and Cornwall Rail Partnership]]. The line is promoted under the "[[Tarka Line]]" name.

Three [[pub]]s at Barnstaple are included in the Tarka Line [[rail ale trail]].

==References==
''The North Devon Line'' by John Nicholas, Oxford Publishing Company 1992, ISBN 0-86093-461-6

==External links==
{{stn art lnk|BNP}}

{{Swcp
|topath=50 yards
|anti-nextstation=[[Newquay railway station|Newquay]] 123 miles
([[Exeter St Davids railway station]] is served by coach from Bude, 56 miles) 
([[Bodmin Parkway railway station]] is served by bus from Padstow, 98 miles)
|clck-nextstation=[[Minehead railway station|Minehead]] 69 miles}}

{{Devon railway stations}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Devon]]
[[Category:Railway stations opened in 1854]]

[[lmo:Barnstaple stassiú camí de fer]]

Automatic Voltage Regulator

2008-01-03T14:34:36Z

Matthuxtable: Edited See also section

AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part in '''Synchronous Generators''',it controls the output voltage of the generator by controlling its excitation current.
Thus it can control the output [[Reactive power#Real.2C reactive.2C and apparent power| Reactive Power]] of the Generator.

==See also==
*[[Generators]]
*[[Alternator]]

[[Category:Electrical generators]]
{{electronics-stub}}

Automatic Voltage Regulator

2008-01-03T14:32:11Z

Matthuxtable: added stub

AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part in '''Synchronous Generators''',it controls the output voltage of the generator by controlling its excitation current.
Thus it can control the output [[Reactive power#Real.2C reactive.2C and apparent power| Reactive Power]] of the Generator.

===See also===
<ref>Electrical Generators</ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generators

<ref>Alternators</ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator

[[Category:Electrical generators]]
{{electronics-stub}}

Kensington Leash

2007-10-27T17:13:00Z

Matthuxtable: Redirect to Kensington Security Slot

#REDIRECT [[Kensington Security Slot]]

HSBC (Hong Kong)

2007-10-27T16:23:03Z

Matthuxtable: rv

{{Infobox_Company |
company_name = The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited |
company_logo = [[Image:Hsbc.png|200px|HSBC Holdings PLC logo]] |
company_type = Subsidiary of [[HSBC Holdings plc]]|
company_slogan = The world's local bank|
foundation = [[1865]]|
location = [[HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong|HSBC Main Building]], [[Hong Kong SAR]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] |
key_people = [[Vincent Cheng]], [[Chairman]] [[Sandy Flockhart]], [[CEO]] |
num_employees = 26,000|
industry = [[Finance and Insurance]] |
products = [[Financial Services]]|
homepage = [http://www.hsbc.com.hk/ www.hsbc.com.hk] [http://www.asiapacific.hsbc.com/ www.asiapacific.hsbc.com]|
revenue =
}}

'''The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited''' ({{zh-tp|t=香港上海滙豐銀行有限公司|p=xiānggǎng shànghǎi huì fēng yínháng yǒuxiàn gōngsī}}), based in [[Hong Kong]], is a wholly owned [[subsidiary]] and the founding member of the [[HSBC Group]], which is traded on several [[stock exchange]]s as [[HSBC Holdings plc]]. The business ranges from the traditional High Street roles of personal finance and commercial banking, to corporate and [[investment banking]], and private [[banking]].

Known locally by the affectionate term '''Honkers and Shankers''' or equally its old [[trademark]] '''HongkongBank''', the bank was founded by the [[Scotland|Scot]] [[Thomas Sutherland (banker)|Thomas Sutherland]] to finance trade in the [[Far East]] in [[1865]]. It is the largest bank in Hong Kong and has offices in [[Asia Pacific]] region.

==History==
===Foundation===
The [[bank]] first leased Wardley House in [[Hong Kong]] at [[Hong Kong dollar|HKD]] $500 a month in [[1864]]. After raising a capital of HKD $5 million, the bank opened its door in [[1865]]. The original location of the bank was considered crucial since the construction was based on some of the best [[fung shui]] in [[Colonial Hong Kong]]<ref>Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0</ref>. In March [[1865]] the enterprise the ''"Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Company Limited"'' was established to finance the growing trade between [[China]] and [[Europe]], with an office opened in [[Shanghai]] during April of that year. The bank was incorporated in Hong Kong by special dispensation from the [[HM Treasury|British Treasury]] in [[1866]], and under the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Ordinance [[1866]]<ref>Hoare, Jim. Pares, Susan. [](2005)A Political And Economic Dictionary Of East Asia. London, UK Routledge Publishing. ISBN 978-1857432589</ref>, a new branch in [[Japan]] was also established. The bank handled the first public loan in China in 1874, thereafter issuing most public loans.

===Business development===
[[Sir Thomas Jackson Bart]] became chief manager in [[1876]]. During his twenty-six year tenure, the Bank became a leader in [[Asia]]. Notable events included being the first bank established in [[Thailand]], in [[1888]], where it printed the country's first banknotes; acting as banker for the Hong Kong government from the [[1880s]]; and participating in the management of British colonial government accounts in China, Japan, [[Penang]] and [[Singapore]]. A period of expansion followed, with new branch offices opening in [[Bangkok]] ([[1921]]), [[Manila]] ([[1922]]) and [[Shanghai]] ([[1923]]), and a new head office building in Hong Kong in [[1935]]. Jackson is also credited with a statue in [[Statue Square]].

===Second World War===
In anticipation of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in [[1941]], the Bank's head office moved to London. During the period 1941-1943 the chief manager [[Vandeleur Grayburn]], and his successor [[David C Edmondston]], both died while interned by the Japanese. [[Arthur Morse]] was appointed Chief Manager in [[1943]] and led the bank after the war. The head office moved back to Hong Kong in [[1946]]. During the Japanese occupation the Bank's head office building was occupied as the headquarters of the Hong Kong Japanese military government.

===International expansion===
[[Michael Turner (banker)|Michael Turner]] became Chief Manager in [[1953]] and set about diversifying the business. His tenure came to an end in [[1962]] having established The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of California [[1955]] and having acquired [[The British Bank of the Middle East]] and the [[Mercantile Bank]] (based in India) in [[1959]]. Under the tenure of [[Jake Saunders]] from 1962 the bank continued to expand. [[1965]] saw the bank purchase a controlling interest in [[Hang Seng Bank]] of Hong Kong, and [[1972]] the formation of a merchant banking arm, [[Wardley Limited]]. In 1964 the Chief Managership was superseded as the top executive role in the bank by an Executive Chairmanship (Saunders taking this role until retirement in 1972).

In 1980, the Bank launched a hostile takeover bid for the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], although the bid was blocked by the British government.

===The creation of the HSBC Group===
In [[1980]], the Bank, now under the chairmanship of [[Michael Sandberg]] acquired a 51% stake in [[Marine Midland Bank]], of the [[United States of America]], and continued its expansion with the establishment of [[HSBC Bank Canada|Hongkong Bank of Canada]] in [[1981]] and [[HSBC Bank Australia|Hongkong Bank of Australia Limited]] in [[1986]]. [[1987]], under the Chairmanship of [[William Purves]], saw the bank's ownership of Marine Midland Bank increased to 100% and the acquisition of a 14.9% share in [[Midland Bank]] in the [[United Kingdom]].

The present building in Hong Kong was designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Sir Norman Foster]] and was held as one of the most expensive and technologically advanced building in the world in [[1986]] costing HKD $5.3 billion<ref>Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0</ref>.

In [[1991]] [[HSBC Holdings plc]] was established to act as a parent company to the group; shares are currently traded on the London, Hong Kong, Paris, New York and Bermuda stock exchanges.

==Hong Kong banking==
[[Image:HSBC Hong Kong Headquarters.jpg|left|thumb|HSBC's Hong Kong head office]]

Under the HSBC brand, the bank maintains a network of around 220 branches throughout the Hong Kong SAR, from which it offers a wide range of financial products and services. For some time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the bank was known by the name ''HongkongBank'' in its native city, although it now trades as HSBC. During that period, it also adopted the idiosyncratic practice of calling its [[automated teller machine|ATMs]] ''Electronic Teller Card (ETC)'' machines.

===Hong Kong dollar bank notes===
HSBC is one of the three commercial banks which issue [[banknote]]s for [[Hong Kong]] (see [[Hong Kong dollar]]) - the other two being the [[Bank of China (Hong Kong)]] and [[Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)]]. Of the total notes in circulation measured by value, HSBC is the most prolific issuer, its notes representing 62.9% of those in issue.

===Headquarters===

HSBC's Hong Kong headquarters are at 1 [[Queen's Road Central]] in the [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]] area on [[Hong Kong Island]]. The [[HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building]] was also home to [[HSBC Holdings plc]]'s headquarters until the latter firm's move to [[8 Canada Square]], [[London]] to meet the requirements of the UK regulatory authorities after the acquisition of the Midland Bank in 1992. It was designed by British architect [[Baron|Lord]] [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], and was the most expensive building in the world based on usable floor area at the time it was built.

==Other Hong Kong operations==
===Hang Seng Bank===
{{main|Hang Seng Bank}}
HSBC acquired a 62.14%, controlling interest in the local [[Hang Seng Bank]] in [[1965]] during a crisis of the latter. The [[Hang Seng Index]] for stock prices in [[Hong Kong]] is named after the Hang Seng Bank.

==Asia Pacific operations==
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation maintains a network of around 600 offices in 20 countries in Asia Pacific, as well as owning of a number of HSBC banks operating in various countries and holding the group's stakes in further lenders, particularly in [[mainland China]].

Operations of the group in the [[Asia Pacific]] are under this subsidiary, and it forms the regional headquarters for [[Asia Pacific]]. This means that it is responsible for entities such as [[HSBC Bank Australia Limited]], [[Hang Seng Bank]], [[HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited]] and [[HSBC Insurance (Asia-Pacific) Holdings Limited]], and the management of stakes in [[Bank of Communications]] (19.9%), [[Barrowgate Limited]] (24.64%) and [[Industrial Bank Co.|Industrial Bank]].

===China===
[[Image:HSBClogoonbuilding.jpg|thumb|HSBC logo]]
{{main|HSBC Bank (China)}}
HSBC established its [[Shanghai]] branch office on 3 March 1865 and has had a continuous presence in the city since then, except during the Japanese Occupation. Until the economic reforms of the late 1970s, its activities were mainly in inward remittances and export bills, however its activities now span a wider range.

On 6 August 2004, HSBC announced that it would pay USD 1.75 billion for a 19.9% stake in Shanghai-based Bank of Communications. At the time of the announcement, [[Bank of Communications]] was China's fifth-largest bank and the investment by HSBC was eight times bigger than any previous foreign investment in a Chinese bank. The industry considered this move, giving HSBC a lead in the race to grab pieces of mainland China's banking market. A year earlier, HSBC had joined with Hong Kong's [[Shanghai Commercial Bank]] to purchase an 11% stake in [[Bank of Shanghai]] (HSBC paid USD 62.6 million for an 8% stake) and USD 733 million for a 10% stake in [[Ping An Insurance]].

In 1 April 2007, the mainland China offices of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation transferred to its subsidiary HSBC Bank (China), and it started operations in 2 April.

===Indonesia===
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation opened its first Indonesian office in [[Jakarta]] in 1884. Having been able to restart its operations after the [[World War II|Second World War]], it was again forced to close in mid-1960s, however the Bank was granted a new banking licence in [[1968]] its operations have grown to make it one of the largest foreign banks operating in Indonesia.

===New Zealand===
HSBC's operations in [[New Zealand]] are as a branch of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which first gained a licence from the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand]] on [[22 July]] [[1987]].<ref>List of registered banks in New Zealand, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/nzbanks/0091622.html</ref> Today HSBC offers a range of financial products from a network of 9 offices. <ref>HSBC International Networks, http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/about_hsbc/international-networks/asia-pacific</ref>

===Pakistan===
HSBC's operations further extend to [[Pakistan]] with operations having begun in 1982. Since then it has expanded to three major cities of Pakistan and operates as a full service bank. It currently has 5 offices. Three of which are located in [[Karachi]], one in [[Lahore]] and one in [[Islamabad]].

===Philippines===
HSBC's history in the [[Philippines]] dates back more than 130 years with the establishment of their first branch in Binondo, [[Manila]] in 1876. In its early years of operation, HSBC serviced the booming Philippine sugar industry. At the turn of the century, it financed railways that connected provincial towns across Luzon to [[Manila]]. During the American regime, HSBC was called to advise on Philippine currency reform. Its current headquarters are in [[Makati]], and a new building is being constructed in the [[Bonifacio Global City]]. Today, HSBC Philippines operates in key Philippine cities such as [[Cebu]] and [[Davao]]. It has ended [[Citibank]] and [[Standard Chartered]]'s monopoly on international banking in the [[Philippines]].

===Singapore===
In [[Singapore]], The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited operates as a full service bank with its headquarters in [[Collyer Quay]]. It opened its doors in December 1877. Today, HSBC's flagship office remains at the original Collyer Quay site where its first branch was opened.

HSBC Singapore is a Qualifying Full Bank with 11 branches incorporating 5 HSBC Premier Centres and 33 Automated Teller Machines in Singapore and offers a comprehensive range of financial services including commercial banking, investment and private banking, insurance, [[forfaiting]] and trustee services, and securities and capital markets services.

==Cultural References==
In Hong Kong, the local population sometimes refers to the bank as 獅子銀行, "the Lion Bank", because of the pair of lion statues outside the HSBC headquarters, which also appear in some banknotes. Local films and television series set in Hong Kong, especially comedies, uses this nickname when referring to the bank.

Although the name of Hongkong was changed to Hong Kong by [[Hong Kong Government]] on [[September 3]], [[1926]], HSBC uses the older ''Hongkong'', as the bank's name was conceived before the official declaration of the modern two-word name, and it was decided to retain the single word spelling in the Bank's name: ''Hongkong''.

==See also==
*[[HSBC Holdings plc]]
*[[HSBC Bank (China)]]
*[[HSBC Bank Australia]]
*[[HSBC Bank Malaysia]]
*[[Hang Seng Bank]]
*[[Bank of Communications]]
*[[HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building]]

==External links==
*[http://www.hsbc.com.hk The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited]
*[http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/about_hsbc/group-history HSBC Group History]

==References==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>
 

{{HSBC Group}}

[[Category:Companies established in 1865|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]
[[Category:Banks of Hong Kong|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]
[[Category:HSBC|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]

[[ja:香港上海銀行]]
[[zh-yue:香港上海滙豐銀行]]
[[zh:香港上海滙豐銀行]]

HSBC (Hong Kong)

2007-10-27T16:06:40Z

Matthuxtable: added word

{{Infobox_Company |
company_name = The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited |
company_logo = [[Image:Hsbc.png|200px|HSBC Holdings PLC logo]] |
company_type = Subsidiary of [[HSBC Holdings plc]]|
company_slogan = The world's local bank|
foundation = [[1865]]|
location = [[HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong|HSBC Main Building]], [[Hong Kong SAR]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] |
key_people = [[Vincent Cheng]], [[Chairman]] [[Sandy Flockhart]], [[CEO]] |
num_employees = 26,000|
industry = [[Finance and Insurance]] |
products = [[Financial Services]]|
homepage = [http://www.hsbc.com.hk/ www.hsbc.com.hk] [http://www.asiapacific.hsbc.com/ www.asiapacific.hsbc.com]|
revenue =
}}

'''The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited''' (abbreviated '''''HSBC''''') ({{zh-tp|t=香港上海滙豐銀行有限公司|p=xiānggǎng shànghǎi huì fēng yínháng yǒuxiàn gōngsī}}), based in [[Hong Kong]], is a wholly owned [[subsidiary]] and the founding member of the [[HSBC Group]], which is traded on several [[stock exchange]]s as [[HSBC Holdings plc]]. The business ranges from the traditional High Street roles of personal finance and commercial banking, to corporate and [[investment banking]], and private [[banking]].

Known locally by the affectionate term '''Honkers and Shankers''' or equally its old [[trademark]] '''HongkongBank''', the bank was founded by the [[Scotland|Scot]] [[Thomas Sutherland (banker)|Thomas Sutherland]] to finance trade in the [[Far East]] in [[1865]]. It is the largest bank in Hong Kong and has offices in the [[Asia Pacific]] region.

==History==
===Foundation===
The [[bank]] first leased Wardley House in [[Hong Kong]] at [[Hong Kong dollar|HKD]] $500 a month in [[1864]]. After raising a capital of HKD $5 million, the bank opened its door in [[1865]]. The original location of the bank was considered crucial since the construction was based on some of the best [[fung shui]] in [[Colonial Hong Kong]]<ref>Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0</ref>. In March [[1865]] the enterprise the ''"Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Company Limited"'' was established to finance the growing trade between [[China]] and [[Europe]], with an office opened in [[Shanghai]] during April of that year. The bank was incorporated in Hong Kong by special dispensation from the [[HM Treasury|British Treasury]] in [[1866]], and under the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Ordinance [[1866]]<ref>Hoare, Jim. Pares, Susan. [](2005)A Political And Economic Dictionary Of East Asia. London, UK Routledge Publishing. ISBN 978-1857432589</ref>, a new branch in [[Japan]] was also established. The bank handled the first public loan in China in 1874, thereafter issuing most public loans.

===Business development===
[[Sir Thomas Jackson Bart]] became chief manager in [[1876]]. During his twenty-six year tenure, the Bank became a leader in [[Asia]]. Notable events included being the first bank established in [[Thailand]], in [[1888]], where it printed the country's first banknotes; acting as banker for the Hong Kong government from the [[1880s]]; and participating in the management of British colonial government accounts in China, Japan, [[Penang]] and [[Singapore]]. A period of expansion followed, with new branch offices opening in [[Bangkok]] ([[1921]]), [[Manila]] ([[1922]]) and [[Shanghai]] ([[1923]]), and a new head office building in Hong Kong in [[1935]]. Jackson is also credited with a statue in [[Statue Square]].

===Second World War===
In anticipation of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in [[1941]], the Bank's head office moved to London. During the period 1941-1943 the chief manager [[Vandeleur Grayburn]], and his successor [[David C Edmondston]], both died while interned by the Japanese. [[Arthur Morse]] was appointed Chief Manager in [[1943]] and led the bank after the war. The head office moved back to Hong Kong in [[1946]]. During the Japanese occupation the Bank's head office building was occupied as the headquarters of the Hong Kong Japanese military government.

===International expansion===
[[Michael Turner (banker)|Michael Turner]] became Chief Manager in [[1953]] and set about diversifying the business. His tenure came to an end in [[1962]] having established The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of California [[1955]] and having acquired [[The British Bank of the Middle East]] and the [[Mercantile Bank]] (based in India) in [[1959]]. Under the tenure of [[Jake Saunders]] from 1962 the bank continued to expand. [[1965]] saw the bank purchase a controlling interest in [[Hang Seng Bank]] of Hong Kong, and [[1972]] the formation of a merchant banking arm, [[Wardley Limited]]. In 1964 the Chief Managership was superseded as the top executive role in the bank by an Executive Chairmanship (Saunders taking this role until retirement in 1972).

In 1980, the Bank launched a hostile takeover bid for the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], although the bid was blocked by the British government.

===The creation of the HSBC Group===
In [[1980]], the Bank, now under the chairmanship of [[Michael Sandberg]] acquired a 51% stake in [[Marine Midland Bank]], of the [[United States of America]], and continued its expansion with the establishment of [[HSBC Bank Canada|Hongkong Bank of Canada]] in [[1981]] and [[HSBC Bank Australia|Hongkong Bank of Australia Limited]] in [[1986]]. [[1987]], under the Chairmanship of [[William Purves]], saw the bank's ownership of Marine Midland Bank increased to 100% and the acquisition of a 14.9% share in [[Midland Bank]] in the [[United Kingdom]].

The present building in Hong Kong was designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Sir Norman Foster]] and was held as one of the most expensive and technologically advanced building in the world in [[1986]] costing HKD $5.3 billion<ref>Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0</ref>.

In [[1991]] [[HSBC Holdings plc]] was established to act as a parent company to the group; shares are currently traded on the London, Hong Kong, Paris, New York and Bermuda stock exchanges.

==Hong Kong banking==
[[Image:HSBC Hong Kong Headquarters.jpg|left|thumb|HSBC's Hong Kong head office]]

Under the HSBC brand, the bank maintains a network of around 220 branches throughout the Hong Kong SAR, from which it offers a wide range of financial products and services. For some time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the bank was known by the name ''HongkongBank'' in its native city, although it now trades as HSBC. During that period, it also adopted the idiosyncratic practice of calling its [[automated teller machine|ATMs]] ''Electronic Teller Card (ETC)'' machines.

===Hong Kong dollar bank notes===
HSBC is one of the three commercial banks which issue [[banknote]]s for [[Hong Kong]] (see [[Hong Kong dollar]]) - the other two being the [[Bank of China (Hong Kong)]] and [[Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)]]. Of the total notes in circulation measured by value, HSBC is the most prolific issuer, its notes representing 62.9% of those in issue.

===Headquarters===

HSBC's Hong Kong headquarters are at 1 [[Queen's Road Central]] in the [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]] area on [[Hong Kong Island]]. The [[HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building]] was also home to [[HSBC Holdings plc]]'s headquarters until the latter firm's move to [[8 Canada Square]], [[London]] to meet the requirements of the UK regulatory authorities after the acquisition of the Midland Bank in 1992. It was designed by British architect [[Baron|Lord]] [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], and was the most expensive building in the world based on usable floor area at the time it was built.

==Other Hong Kong operations==
===Hang Seng Bank===
{{main|Hang Seng Bank}}
HSBC acquired a 62.14%, controlling interest in the local [[Hang Seng Bank]] in [[1965]] during a crisis of the latter. The [[Hang Seng Index]] for stock prices in [[Hong Kong]] is named after the Hang Seng Bank.

==Asia Pacific operations==
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation maintains a network of around 600 offices in 20 countries in Asia Pacific, as well as owning of a number of HSBC banks operating in various countries and holding the group's stakes in further lenders, particularly in [[mainland China]].

Operations of the group in the [[Asia Pacific]] are under this subsidiary, and it forms the regional headquarters for [[Asia Pacific]]. This means that it is responsible for entities such as [[HSBC Bank Australia Limited]], [[Hang Seng Bank]], [[HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited]] and [[HSBC Insurance (Asia-Pacific) Holdings Limited]], and the management of stakes in [[Bank of Communications]] (19.9%), [[Barrowgate Limited]] (24.64%) and [[Industrial Bank Co.|Industrial Bank]].

===China===
[[Image:HSBClogoonbuilding.jpg|thumb|HSBC logo]]
{{main|HSBC Bank (China)}}
HSBC established its [[Shanghai]] branch office on 3 March 1865 and has had a continuous presence in the city since then, except during the Japanese Occupation. Until the economic reforms of the late 1970s, its activities were mainly in inward remittances and export bills, however its activities now span a wider range.

On 6 August 2004, HSBC announced that it would pay USD 1.75 billion for a 19.9% stake in Shanghai-based Bank of Communications. At the time of the announcement, [[Bank of Communications]] was China's fifth-largest bank and the investment by HSBC was eight times bigger than any previous foreign investment in a Chinese bank. The industry considered this move, giving HSBC a lead in the race to grab pieces of mainland China's banking market. A year earlier, HSBC had joined with Hong Kong's [[Shanghai Commercial Bank]] to purchase an 11% stake in [[Bank of Shanghai]] (HSBC paid USD 62.6 million for an 8% stake) and USD 733 million for a 10% stake in [[Ping An Insurance]].

In 1 April 2007, the mainland China offices of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation transferred to its subsidiary HSBC Bank (China), and it started operations in 2 April.

===Indonesia===
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation opened its first Indonesian office in [[Jakarta]] in 1884. Having been able to restart its operations after the [[World War II|Second World War]], it was again forced to close in mid-1960s, however the Bank was granted a new banking licence in [[1968]] its operations have grown to make it one of the largest foreign banks operating in Indonesia.

===New Zealand===
HSBC's operations in [[New Zealand]] are as a branch of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which first gained a licence from the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand]] on [[22 July]] [[1987]].<ref>List of registered banks in New Zealand, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/nzbanks/0091622.html</ref> Today HSBC offers a range of financial products from a network of 9 offices. <ref>HSBC International Networks, http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/about_hsbc/international-networks/asia-pacific</ref>

===Pakistan===
HSBC's operations further extend to [[Pakistan]] with operations having begun in 1982. Since then it has expanded to three major cities of Pakistan and operates as a full service bank. It currently has 5 offices. Three of which are located in [[Karachi]], one in [[Lahore]] and one in [[Islamabad]].

===Philippines===
HSBC's history in the [[Philippines]] dates back more than 130 years with the establishment of their first branch in Binondo, [[Manila]] in 1876. In its early years of operation, HSBC serviced the booming Philippine sugar industry. At the turn of the century, it financed railways that connected provincial towns across Luzon to [[Manila]]. During the American regime, HSBC was called to advise on Philippine currency reform. Its current headquarters are in [[Makati]], and a new building is being constructed in the [[Bonifacio Global City]]. Today, HSBC Philippines operates in key Philippine cities such as [[Cebu]] and [[Davao]]. It has ended [[Citibank]] and [[Standard Chartered]]'s monopoly on international banking in the [[Philippines]].

===Singapore===
In [[Singapore]], The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited operates as a full service bank with its headquarters in [[Collyer Quay]]. It opened its doors in December 1877. Today, HSBC's flagship office remains at the original Collyer Quay site where its first branch was opened.

HSBC Singapore is a Qualifying Full Bank with 11 branches incorporating 5 HSBC Premier Centres and 33 Automated Teller Machines in Singapore and offers a comprehensive range of financial services including commercial banking, investment and private banking, insurance, [[forfaiting]] and trustee services, and securities and capital markets services.

==Cultural References==
In Hong Kong, the local population sometimes refers to the bank as 獅子銀行, "the Lion Bank", because of the pair of lion statues outside the HSBC headquarters, which also appear in some banknotes. Local films and television series set in Hong Kong, especially comedies, uses this nickname when referring to the bank.

Although the name of Hongkong was changed to Hong Kong by [[Hong Kong Government]] on [[September 3]], [[1926]], HSBC uses the older ''Hongkong'', as the bank's name was conceived before the official declaration of the modern two-word name, and it was decided to retain the single word spelling in the Bank's name: ''Hongkong''.

==See also==
*[[HSBC Holdings plc]]
*[[HSBC Bank (China)]]
*[[HSBC Bank Australia]]
*[[HSBC Bank Malaysia]]
*[[Hang Seng Bank]]
*[[Bank of Communications]]
*[[HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building]]

==External links==
*[http://www.hsbc.com.hk The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited]
*[http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/about_hsbc/group-history HSBC Group History]

==References==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>
 

{{HSBC Group}}

[[Category:Companies established in 1865|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]
[[Category:Banks of Hong Kong|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]
[[Category:HSBC|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]

[[ja:香港上海銀行]]
[[zh-yue:香港上海滙豐銀行]]
[[zh:香港上海滙豐銀行]]

HSBC (Hong Kong)

2007-10-27T16:05:53Z

Matthuxtable: added abbreviation - header

{{Infobox_Company |
company_name = The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited |
company_logo = [[Image:Hsbc.png|200px|HSBC Holdings PLC logo]] |
company_type = Subsidiary of [[HSBC Holdings plc]]|
company_slogan = The world's local bank|
foundation = [[1865]]|
location = [[HSBC Main Building, Hong Kong|HSBC Main Building]], [[Hong Kong SAR]], [[People's Republic of China|China]] |
key_people = [[Vincent Cheng]], [[Chairman]] [[Sandy Flockhart]], [[CEO]] |
num_employees = 26,000|
industry = [[Finance and Insurance]] |
products = [[Financial Services]]|
homepage = [http://www.hsbc.com.hk/ www.hsbc.com.hk] [http://www.asiapacific.hsbc.com/ www.asiapacific.hsbc.com]|
revenue =
}}

'''The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited''' (abbreviated '''''HSBC''''') ({{zh-tp|t=香港上海滙豐銀行有限公司|p=xiānggǎng shànghǎi huì fēng yínháng yǒuxiàn gōngsī}}), based in [[Hong Kong]], is a wholly owned [[subsidiary]] and the founding member of the [[HSBC Group]], which is traded on several [[stock exchange]]s as [[HSBC Holdings plc]]. The business ranges from the traditional High Street roles of personal finance and commercial banking, to corporate and [[investment banking]], and private [[banking]].

Known locally by the affectionate term '''Honkers and Shankers''' or equally its old [[trademark]] '''HongkongBank''', the bank was founded by the [[Scotland|Scot]] [[Thomas Sutherland (banker)|Thomas Sutherland]] to finance trade in the [[Far East]] in [[1865]]. It is the largest bank in Hong Kong and has offices in [[Asia Pacific]] region.

==History==
===Foundation===
The [[bank]] first leased Wardley House in [[Hong Kong]] at [[Hong Kong dollar|HKD]] $500 a month in [[1864]]. After raising a capital of HKD $5 million, the bank opened its door in [[1865]]. The original location of the bank was considered crucial since the construction was based on some of the best [[fung shui]] in [[Colonial Hong Kong]]<ref>Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0</ref>. In March [[1865]] the enterprise the ''"Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Company Limited"'' was established to finance the growing trade between [[China]] and [[Europe]], with an office opened in [[Shanghai]] during April of that year. The bank was incorporated in Hong Kong by special dispensation from the [[HM Treasury|British Treasury]] in [[1866]], and under the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Ordinance [[1866]]<ref>Hoare, Jim. Pares, Susan. [](2005)A Political And Economic Dictionary Of East Asia. London, UK Routledge Publishing. ISBN 978-1857432589</ref>, a new branch in [[Japan]] was also established. The bank handled the first public loan in China in 1874, thereafter issuing most public loans.

===Business development===
[[Sir Thomas Jackson Bart]] became chief manager in [[1876]]. During his twenty-six year tenure, the Bank became a leader in [[Asia]]. Notable events included being the first bank established in [[Thailand]], in [[1888]], where it printed the country's first banknotes; acting as banker for the Hong Kong government from the [[1880s]]; and participating in the management of British colonial government accounts in China, Japan, [[Penang]] and [[Singapore]]. A period of expansion followed, with new branch offices opening in [[Bangkok]] ([[1921]]), [[Manila]] ([[1922]]) and [[Shanghai]] ([[1923]]), and a new head office building in Hong Kong in [[1935]]. Jackson is also credited with a statue in [[Statue Square]].

===Second World War===
In anticipation of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong in [[1941]], the Bank's head office moved to London. During the period 1941-1943 the chief manager [[Vandeleur Grayburn]], and his successor [[David C Edmondston]], both died while interned by the Japanese. [[Arthur Morse]] was appointed Chief Manager in [[1943]] and led the bank after the war. The head office moved back to Hong Kong in [[1946]]. During the Japanese occupation the Bank's head office building was occupied as the headquarters of the Hong Kong Japanese military government.

===International expansion===
[[Michael Turner (banker)|Michael Turner]] became Chief Manager in [[1953]] and set about diversifying the business. His tenure came to an end in [[1962]] having established The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation of California [[1955]] and having acquired [[The British Bank of the Middle East]] and the [[Mercantile Bank]] (based in India) in [[1959]]. Under the tenure of [[Jake Saunders]] from 1962 the bank continued to expand. [[1965]] saw the bank purchase a controlling interest in [[Hang Seng Bank]] of Hong Kong, and [[1972]] the formation of a merchant banking arm, [[Wardley Limited]]. In 1964 the Chief Managership was superseded as the top executive role in the bank by an Executive Chairmanship (Saunders taking this role until retirement in 1972).

In 1980, the Bank launched a hostile takeover bid for the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]], although the bid was blocked by the British government.

===The creation of the HSBC Group===
In [[1980]], the Bank, now under the chairmanship of [[Michael Sandberg]] acquired a 51% stake in [[Marine Midland Bank]], of the [[United States of America]], and continued its expansion with the establishment of [[HSBC Bank Canada|Hongkong Bank of Canada]] in [[1981]] and [[HSBC Bank Australia|Hongkong Bank of Australia Limited]] in [[1986]]. [[1987]], under the Chairmanship of [[William Purves]], saw the bank's ownership of Marine Midland Bank increased to 100% and the acquisition of a 14.9% share in [[Midland Bank]] in the [[United Kingdom]].

The present building in Hong Kong was designed by [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Sir Norman Foster]] and was held as one of the most expensive and technologically advanced building in the world in [[1986]] costing HKD $5.3 billion<ref>Lim, Patricia. [2002] (2002). Discovering Hong Hong's Cultural Heritage. Central, Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN Volume One 0-19-592723-0</ref>.

In [[1991]] [[HSBC Holdings plc]] was established to act as a parent company to the group; shares are currently traded on the London, Hong Kong, Paris, New York and Bermuda stock exchanges.

==Hong Kong banking==
[[Image:HSBC Hong Kong Headquarters.jpg|left|thumb|HSBC's Hong Kong head office]]

Under the HSBC brand, the bank maintains a network of around 220 branches throughout the Hong Kong SAR, from which it offers a wide range of financial products and services. For some time in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the bank was known by the name ''HongkongBank'' in its native city, although it now trades as HSBC. During that period, it also adopted the idiosyncratic practice of calling its [[automated teller machine|ATMs]] ''Electronic Teller Card (ETC)'' machines.

===Hong Kong dollar bank notes===
HSBC is one of the three commercial banks which issue [[banknote]]s for [[Hong Kong]] (see [[Hong Kong dollar]]) - the other two being the [[Bank of China (Hong Kong)]] and [[Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)]]. Of the total notes in circulation measured by value, HSBC is the most prolific issuer, its notes representing 62.9% of those in issue.

===Headquarters===

HSBC's Hong Kong headquarters are at 1 [[Queen's Road Central]] in the [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]] area on [[Hong Kong Island]]. The [[HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building]] was also home to [[HSBC Holdings plc]]'s headquarters until the latter firm's move to [[8 Canada Square]], [[London]] to meet the requirements of the UK regulatory authorities after the acquisition of the Midland Bank in 1992. It was designed by British architect [[Baron|Lord]] [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], and was the most expensive building in the world based on usable floor area at the time it was built.

==Other Hong Kong operations==
===Hang Seng Bank===
{{main|Hang Seng Bank}}
HSBC acquired a 62.14%, controlling interest in the local [[Hang Seng Bank]] in [[1965]] during a crisis of the latter. The [[Hang Seng Index]] for stock prices in [[Hong Kong]] is named after the Hang Seng Bank.

==Asia Pacific operations==
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation maintains a network of around 600 offices in 20 countries in Asia Pacific, as well as owning of a number of HSBC banks operating in various countries and holding the group's stakes in further lenders, particularly in [[mainland China]].

Operations of the group in the [[Asia Pacific]] are under this subsidiary, and it forms the regional headquarters for [[Asia Pacific]]. This means that it is responsible for entities such as [[HSBC Bank Australia Limited]], [[Hang Seng Bank]], [[HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited]] and [[HSBC Insurance (Asia-Pacific) Holdings Limited]], and the management of stakes in [[Bank of Communications]] (19.9%), [[Barrowgate Limited]] (24.64%) and [[Industrial Bank Co.|Industrial Bank]].

===China===
[[Image:HSBClogoonbuilding.jpg|thumb|HSBC logo]]
{{main|HSBC Bank (China)}}
HSBC established its [[Shanghai]] branch office on 3 March 1865 and has had a continuous presence in the city since then, except during the Japanese Occupation. Until the economic reforms of the late 1970s, its activities were mainly in inward remittances and export bills, however its activities now span a wider range.

On 6 August 2004, HSBC announced that it would pay USD 1.75 billion for a 19.9% stake in Shanghai-based Bank of Communications. At the time of the announcement, [[Bank of Communications]] was China's fifth-largest bank and the investment by HSBC was eight times bigger than any previous foreign investment in a Chinese bank. The industry considered this move, giving HSBC a lead in the race to grab pieces of mainland China's banking market. A year earlier, HSBC had joined with Hong Kong's [[Shanghai Commercial Bank]] to purchase an 11% stake in [[Bank of Shanghai]] (HSBC paid USD 62.6 million for an 8% stake) and USD 733 million for a 10% stake in [[Ping An Insurance]].

In 1 April 2007, the mainland China offices of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation transferred to its subsidiary HSBC Bank (China), and it started operations in 2 April.

===Indonesia===
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation opened its first Indonesian office in [[Jakarta]] in 1884. Having been able to restart its operations after the [[World War II|Second World War]], it was again forced to close in mid-1960s, however the Bank was granted a new banking licence in [[1968]] its operations have grown to make it one of the largest foreign banks operating in Indonesia.

===New Zealand===
HSBC's operations in [[New Zealand]] are as a branch of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, which first gained a licence from the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand]] on [[22 July]] [[1987]].<ref>List of registered banks in New Zealand, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/nzbanks/0091622.html</ref> Today HSBC offers a range of financial products from a network of 9 offices. <ref>HSBC International Networks, http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/about_hsbc/international-networks/asia-pacific</ref>

===Pakistan===
HSBC's operations further extend to [[Pakistan]] with operations having begun in 1982. Since then it has expanded to three major cities of Pakistan and operates as a full service bank. It currently has 5 offices. Three of which are located in [[Karachi]], one in [[Lahore]] and one in [[Islamabad]].

===Philippines===
HSBC's history in the [[Philippines]] dates back more than 130 years with the establishment of their first branch in Binondo, [[Manila]] in 1876. In its early years of operation, HSBC serviced the booming Philippine sugar industry. At the turn of the century, it financed railways that connected provincial towns across Luzon to [[Manila]]. During the American regime, HSBC was called to advise on Philippine currency reform. Its current headquarters are in [[Makati]], and a new building is being constructed in the [[Bonifacio Global City]]. Today, HSBC Philippines operates in key Philippine cities such as [[Cebu]] and [[Davao]]. It has ended [[Citibank]] and [[Standard Chartered]]'s monopoly on international banking in the [[Philippines]].

===Singapore===
In [[Singapore]], The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited operates as a full service bank with its headquarters in [[Collyer Quay]]. It opened its doors in December 1877. Today, HSBC's flagship office remains at the original Collyer Quay site where its first branch was opened.

HSBC Singapore is a Qualifying Full Bank with 11 branches incorporating 5 HSBC Premier Centres and 33 Automated Teller Machines in Singapore and offers a comprehensive range of financial services including commercial banking, investment and private banking, insurance, [[forfaiting]] and trustee services, and securities and capital markets services.

==Cultural References==
In Hong Kong, the local population sometimes refers to the bank as 獅子銀行, "the Lion Bank", because of the pair of lion statues outside the HSBC headquarters, which also appear in some banknotes. Local films and television series set in Hong Kong, especially comedies, uses this nickname when referring to the bank.

Although the name of Hongkong was changed to Hong Kong by [[Hong Kong Government]] on [[September 3]], [[1926]], HSBC uses the older ''Hongkong'', as the bank's name was conceived before the official declaration of the modern two-word name, and it was decided to retain the single word spelling in the Bank's name: ''Hongkong''.

==See also==
*[[HSBC Holdings plc]]
*[[HSBC Bank (China)]]
*[[HSBC Bank Australia]]
*[[HSBC Bank Malaysia]]
*[[Hang Seng Bank]]
*[[Bank of Communications]]
*[[HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building]]

==External links==
*[http://www.hsbc.com.hk The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited]
*[http://www.hsbc.com/hsbc/about_hsbc/group-history HSBC Group History]

==References==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>
 

{{HSBC Group}}

[[Category:Companies established in 1865|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]
[[Category:Banks of Hong Kong|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]
[[Category:HSBC|Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, The]]

[[ja:香港上海銀行]]
[[zh-yue:香港上海滙豐銀行]]
[[zh:香港上海滙豐銀行]]

Standard Charter

2007-10-27T15:52:13Z

Matthuxtable: Redirect to Standard Chartered Bank

#REDIRECT [[Standard Chartered Bank]]

Thermal insulation

2007-10-14T15:11:24Z

Matthuxtable: Revert edits

{{commons|Thermal insulation|Thermal insulation}}
[[Image:Huygens thermal multilayer insulation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Thermal insulation on the [[Huygens probe]]]]

The term '''thermal insulation''' can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of [[heat transfer]], or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer.

[[Image:Steinwolle_1600dpi_roxul_rxl80.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Rockwool Insulation]]

Heat is transferred from one material to another by conduction, convection and/or radiation. Insulators minimize the transfer of heat energy. In home insulation, the R-value is an indication of how well a material insulates.
The major types of insulation are associated with the major types of heat transfer:
* Reflectors reduce [[radiation|radiative]] heat transfer.
* Foams, fibrous materials or spaces reduce [[heat conduction|conductive]] heat transfer by reducing physical contact between objects
* Foams, fibrous materials or [[vacuum|evacuated spaces]] reduce [[convection|convective]] heat transfer by stopping or retarding the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) around the insulated object.

Combinations of some of these methods are often used, for example the combination of reflective surfaces and vacuum in a [[vacuum flask]], or [[Dewar]] vessel.

Understanding heat transfer is important when planning how to insulate an object or a person from heat or cold, for example with correct choice of insulated clothing, or laying insulating materials beneath in-floor heat cables or pipes in order to direct as much heat as possible upwards into the floor surface and reduce heat loss to the ground underneath.

==Materials used for thermal insulation==

[[Image:Batts_firestop.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rockwool used to fill spaces between metal studs in [[Drywall]] assembly.]]

Many different materials can be used as insulators. Many organic insulators are made from [[petrochemicals]] and recycled plastic. Many inorganic insulators are made from recycled materials such as glass and furnace slag.

===Trapped air insulators===

Most insulators in common use rely on the principle of trapping air to reduce convective and conductive heat transfer, but not radiative. These insulators can be fibrous (e.g. [[down feathers]] and [[asbestos]]), cellular (e.g. [[Cork (material)|cork]] or plastic foam), or granular (e.g. [[sintering|sintered]] refractory materials).

The quality of such an insulator depends on:
* The degree to which air flow is eliminated (large cells of trapped air will have internal convection currents)
* The amount of solid material surrounding the air (large percentages of air are better, as this reduces thermal bridging within the insulator)
* The degree to which the properties of the insulator are appropriate to its use:
** Stability at the temperatures encountered (e.g. [[refractory]] materials used in [[kiln]]s)
** Mechanical properties (e.g. softness and flexibility for clothes, hardness and toughness for steam pipe insulation)
** Service lifetime (due to thermal breakdown, water resistance or resistance to microbial decomposition)

===Solid insulators===

Any material with low [[thermal conductivity]] can be used to reduce conductive heat transfer. Astronomic telescope lenses are held in place by solid fiberglass supports, to prevent warping the lens slightly due to heat variations. A [[ceramic]] block or tile will keep a kitchen counter from being damaged by a hot pot.

For a list of good and bad insulators, see [[list of thermal conductivities]].

==Choice of insulation==

Often, one mode of heat transfer predominates, leading to a specific choice of insulation.

Some materials are good insulators against only one of the heat-transfer mechanisms, but poor insulators against another. For example, metals are good radiative insulators, but poor conductive insulators, so their use as thermal reflective insulators in buildings is limited to situations where they can be installed in contact with air and not with solid material, such as on metal roofs, in attics (as a radiant barrier) or in cavity walls when trapped air (as air pockets, bubbles or foam) is next to the layer of metal. When physical contact is made with the layer of metal, the desired thermal resistance is lost and the opposite impact is achieved, as the metal then acts as a thermal conductor and not as an insulator.

===Effect of humidity===

Damp materials may lose most of their insulative properties. The choice of insulation often depends on the means used to manage humidity (water vapor) on one side or the other of the thermal insulator. Clothing and building insulation depend on this aspect greatly, to function as expected.

===Heat bridging===

Comparatively more heat flows through a path of least resistance than through insulated paths. This is known as a [[thermal bridge]], heat leak, or short-circuiting. Insulation around a bridge is of little help in preventing heat loss or gain due to thermal bridging; the bridging has to be rebuilt with smaller or more insulative materials. A common example of this is an insulated wall which has a layer of rigid insulating material between the studs and the finish layer. When a thermal bridge is desired, it can be a [[heat source]], [[heat sink]] or a [[heat pipe]].

===Optimum insulation thickness===

Industry standards are often "rules of thumb" developed over many years, that offset many conflicting goals: what people will pay for, manufacturing cost, local climate, traditional building practices, and varying standards of comfort. Heat-transfer analysis can be performed in large industrial applications, but in household situations (appliances and building insulation), airtightness is the key in reducing heat transfer due to air leakage (forced or natural convection). Once airtightness is achieved, it has often been sufficient to choose the thickness of the insulative layer based on rules of thumb. Diminishing returns are achieved with each successive doubling of the insulative layer.

It can be shown that for some systems, there is a minimum insulation thickness required for an improvement to be realized.<ref>{{cite book
| author = Frank P. Incropera
| coauthors = David P. De Witt
| title = Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
| pages = 100 - 103
| edition = 3rd Ed.
| publisher = [[John Wiley & Sons]]
| year = 1990
| id = ISBN 0-471-51729-1 }}</ref>

==Personal insulation==

Clothing is chosen to maintain the temperature of the human body.

To offset high ambient heat, clothing must enable sweat to evaporate (cooling by evaporation). When we anticipate high temperatures and physical exertion, the billowing of fabric during movement creates air currents that increase evaporation and cooling. A layer of fabric insulates slightly and keeps skin temperatures cooler than otherwise.

To combat cold, evacuating skin humidity is still essential while several layers may be necessary to simultaneously achieve this goal while matching one's internal heat production to heat losses due to wind, ambient temperature, and radiation of heat into space. Also, crucial for footwear, is insulation against conduction of heat into solid materials.

==Building insulation==

{{main|Building insulation}}
[[Image:Hallway insulation.jpg|thumb|right|Common insulation applications in [[apartment]] [[building]] in [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]].]]
Maintaining acceptable temperatures in buildings (by heating and cooling) uses a large proportion of total energy consumption worldwide{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. When well insulated, a [[building]]:
* is energy-efficient, thus saving the owner money.
* provides more uniform temperatures throughout the space. There is less temperature gradient both vertically (between ankle height and head height) and horizontally from exterior walls, ceilings and windows to the interior walls, thus producing a more comfortable occupant environment when outside temperatures are extremely cold or hot.
* has minimal recurring expense. Unlike heating and cooling equipment, insulation is permanent and does not require maintenance, upkeep, or adjustment.

Many forms of thermal insulations also absorb noise and vibration, both coming from the outside and from other rooms inside the house, thus producing a more comfortable occupant environment.

See also [[weatherization]] and [[thermal mass]]; both describe important methods of saving energy and creating comfort.

==Industrial insulation==

In industry, energy has to be expended to raise, lower, or maintain the temperature of objects or process fluids. If these are not insulated, this increases the heat energy requirements of a process, and therefore the cost and environmental impact.

==Insulation in space travel==

Spacecraft have very demanding insulation requirements. Lightweight insulators are a strong requirement, as extra mass on a vehicle to be launched into earth orbit or beyond is extremely expensive. In space, there is no atmosphere to attenuate the sun's radiated energy, so the surface of objects in space heats up very quickly. In space, heat cannot be given off by convective heat transfer, nor conducted to another object. [[Multi-layer insulation]], the gold foil often seen covering satellites and space probes, is used to control thermal radiation, as are specialty paints.

Launch and re-entry place severe mechanical stresses on spacecraft, so the strength of an insulator is critically important (as seen by the failure of insulating foam on the [[Space Shuttle Columbia]]). Re-entry through the atmosphere generates very high temperatures, requiring insulators with excellent thermal properties, for example the reinforced [[carbon]]-carbon composite nose cone and [[silicon dioxide|silica]] fiber tiles of the [[Space Shuttle]].

==References==
<references />
* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Building Technologies.
* Loose-Fill Insulations, DOE/GO-10095-060, FS 140, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (EREC), May 1995.
* Insulation Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of Energy, update to be published 1996. Also available from EREC.
* Lowe, Allen. "Insulation Update," The Southface Journal, 1995, No. 3. Southface Energy Institute, Atlanta, GA.
* ICAA Directory of Professional Insulation Contractors, 1996, and A Plan to Stop Fluffing and Cheating of Loose-Fill Insulation in Attics, Insulation Contractors Association of America, 1321 Duke St., #303, Alexandria, VA 22314, (703)739-0356.
* US DOE Consumer Energy Information.
* Insulation Information for Nebraska Homeowners, NF 91-40.
* Article in Daily Freeman, Thursday, [[8 September]] [[2005]], Kingston, NY.
* TM 5-852-6 AFR 88-19, Volume 6 (Army Corp of Engineers publication).
* CenterPoint Energy Customer Relations.
* [http://www.energycodes.gov/implement/pdfs/lib_ks_residential_insulation.pdf US DOE publication, Residential Insulation]
* [http://www.energycodes.gov/implement/pdfs/lib_ks_energy-efficient_windows.pdf US DOE publication, Energy Efficient Windows]
* [http://www.energystar.gov/ia/home_improvement/home_sealing/DIY_COLOR_100_dpi.pdf US EPA publication on home sealing]
* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/insulation/ins_02.html DOE/CE 2002]
* [http://www.unc.edu/ University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]
* Alaska Science Forum, [[May 7]] [[1981]], Rigid Insulation, Article #484, by T. Neil Davis, provided as a public service by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with the UAF research community.
* Guide raisonné de la construction écologique (Guide to products /fabricants of green building materials mainly in France but also surrounding countries), [http://www.batirsain.org Batir-Sain] 2007

==See also==
*[[Heat transfer]]
*[[Building insulation]]
*[[Building construction]]
*[[Dewar flask]]
*[[Superinsulation]]
*[[Weatherization]]
*[[Thermal mass]]
*[[Fireproofing]]
*[[Firestop]]
*[[Mineral wool]]
*[[Asbestos]]
*[[Polystyrene]]
*[[Calcium silicate]]
*[[Vermiculite]]
*[[Perlite]]
*[[Fiberglass]]
*[[Thinsulate]]
*[[Insulated shipping container]]

==External links==
* [http://www.cheresources.com/insulationzz.shtml Industrial Insulation Basics]
* [http://www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/insulation/ins_16.html R-value Recommendations from DOE/CE]
* [http://www.naturalhandyman.com/iip/inf/inf/infxtra/infinsul.shtm Natural Handyman, insulation article]
* [http://www.periodhomeandgarden.co.uk/Features/tabid/63/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/74/Insulate-your-home-and-let-it-breathe.aspx Article on insulation for older properties]
* [http://doityourself.com/insulate/newalternativeinsulatematerials.htm New and alternative insulation materials]
* [http://www.cus.net/insulation/insulation.html Home Insulation]
* [http://livebuilding.queensu.ca/structural/materials/wall.php Thermocouples placed in-situ into a wall, with insulation monitored in real-time]

[[Category:Building engineering]]
[[Category:Insulators]]
[[Category:Thermal protection| ]]
[[Category:Construction]]

[[bg:Топлоизолация]]
[[ca:Aïllant tèrmic]]
[[de:Wärmedämmung]]
[[es:Aislante térmico]]
[[eo:Termoizolado]]
[[fr:Isolant]]
[[nl:Warmte-isolatie]]
[[ja:断熱材]]
[[pl:Izolatory energetyczne]]
[[ru:Теплоизоляция]]
[[fi:Lämmöneriste]]
[[sv:Värmeisolering]]

Yelland

2007-09-16T19:44:01Z

Matthuxtable: /* Newsletter */ updated info

'''Yelland''' is a small [[village]] in [[North Devon]] between [[Instow]] and [[Fremington, Devon|Fremington]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Devon]]. Yelland is included within the [[parish]] of Fremington.

==Character==
There are around 2000 people living in Yelland, which mainly consist of the older generation, although many younger people live there and commute into the local towns of Barnstaple and Bideford. Yelland has its own not-for-profit community magazine 'Localink' which is delivered free in the area.

==Amenities==
Yelland has one [[Retailing#Shops and Stores|shop]] - Riviera Stores - and a [[Post office]] which is within the same building as the stores. Residents use the nearest major village Fremington, or the slightly smaller village of [[Instow]] for their daily needs. [[Supermarket]]s are located in the nearest towns - [[Barnstaple]] and [[Bideford]]. There is no [[church]].

Regular bus services are operated by [[First Devon Cornwall|First Devon and Cornwall]] and [[Stagecoach Devon]]. The nearest railway station is [[Barnstaple railway station]], and [[Exeter International Airport]] is the nearest passenger international [[airport]] by road. The nearest international ferry port is at Plymouth.

Children in the area generally attend Fremington or Instow Primary Schools at primary school age, or Bideford College, Pilton Community College or The Park Community School at secondary school age. College students attend either Bideford College's sixth form, or North Devon College.

===Newsletter===
Yelland has a well-established newsletter, '''LocalLink''', published by local business ''Design 'n' Print'' and delivered to Yelland homes free of charge. The content of the newsletter is submitted by Yelland residents and other people who may have an interest in the area, such as the local [[police]]. Funding for the newsletter is obtained through adverts for businesses in the surrounding area.

In the most recent issue, it was announced that the October - December issue would be the final issue of LocalLink due to lack of time to collate the magazine.

==Archaeology==
{{Main|Yelland Stone Rows}}
Near Lower Yelland Farm is a [[Bronze Age]] [[megalithic]] site consisting of a double [[stone row]]. They are unusual in being sited at the river's edge rather than on higher [[moorland]]. Since its construction, thousands of years ago, the site has been smothered by [[silt]] from the widening of the [[River Taw]]. The stones are no longer visible.

==Walking trails==
Visitors to Yelland and the surrounding area enjoy the views and scenic paths for walking. The [[Tarka Trail]] and [[South West Coast Path]] are easily accessible from the Yelland Power Station Road.

==East Yelland Coal-fired Power Station==
The [[East Yelland Power Station]] was once an operational [[coal]]-fired [[electricity]] production plant located in a partially hidden area on the estuary, next to the [[tarka trail]]. The power station was one of only two located to the west of [[Hinkley Point]].

The power station was opened on [[21 April]] [[1955]] [http://www.swehs.co.uk/docs/news28su.html#55] by Lord Fortescue. In March 1984, it was announced by the Central Electricity Generating Board that the power station would close by the end of October that year. [http://www.swehs.co.uk/docs/news28su.html#84]

Fuel for the power station was obtained from [[coal mine]]s in [[South Wales]], and was transported across the [[Bristol Channel]] and onto a jetty specially constructed for the power station. However, due to the closure of these coal mines in the 1980s, coal would be more expensive to obtain from other areas of the country. Therefore, it was more economical to close the power station.

Today, most of the power station, which covered an area of 3.1ha, has been demolished.

==External links==
*[http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?thold=-1&mode=flat&order=0&sid=2201 Information about the Megalithic site including photos and an aerial photo showing is location]
*[http://yelland.dynalias.com]

{{Settlements in North Devon}}
{{coor title d|51.069|N|4.147|W|type:city}}
[[Category:Villages in Devon]]

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/John Abizaid

2007-09-16T18:01:22Z

Matthuxtable: /* John Abizaid */ support

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/John Abizaid|John Abizaid]]===

[[Image:John Abizaid.jpg|thumb|200px|'''Original''']]
;Reason:Pretty striking image. Captures the intensity and focus of military men. Not much of a propaganda question with it because Abizaid is no longer in active service. If people like it, there are likely to be other possible noms from this type of image.
;Proposed caption:General [[John Abizaid]] was commander of the [[U.S. Central Command]] with responsibility over U.S. military action in the Middle East and North Africa from 2003-2007 during the beginning of the [[War on Terrorism]]. He is shown wearing the now obsolete [[Desert Camouflage Uniform]].
;Articles this image appears in:[[John Abizaid]]
;Creator:US Army

* '''Support as nominator''' [[User:Debivort|Debivort]] 03:59, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' slightly blurry at full res [[User:Mario1987|Mario1987]] 09:58, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''support'''--[[User:Mbz1|Mbz1]] 15:13, 16 September 2007 (UTC)Mbz1
*'''Support''' per nom [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] 18:01, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/September 2007]]</noinclude>

Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Japenese Gardens, Cowra

2007-09-16T18:00:01Z

Matthuxtable: /* Japanese Garden */ add vote

===[[Wikipedia:Featured picture candidates/Japenese Gardens, Cowra|Japanese Garden]]===

[[Image:07. Japanese Garden Pano, Cowra, NSW, 22.09.2006.jpg|thumb|400px|'''Original'''. Panoramic view from the Symbolic Mountain at the [[Japanese Garden]] in [[Cowra, New South Wales|Cowra, NSW]], showing many of the typical elements of a Japanese garden.]]
;Reason:This is a pretty attractive and informative picture of a [[Japanese Garden]]. Taken on a lovely day, at the perfect time of year with the [[Sakura|cherry blossom]] trees in full bloom, and with no pesky tourists spoiling the photo. It has stood the test of time, being unchallenged as the main image (in lower res versions) in three articles for almost a year, including the main Japanese Garden article.
;Proposed caption:Panoramic view from the Symbolic Mountain at the [[Japanese Garden]] in [[Cowra, New South Wales|Cowra, NSW]], showing many of the typical elements of a Japanese garden. The Cowra garden is a ''kaiyū-shiki'' or strolling garden. The view takes in the [[garden]]s and the plains of the [[Cowra Shire Council|Cowra Shire]] across to the nearby mountains.
;Articles this image appears in:[[Japanese garden]] [[Cowra, New South Wales]] [[Cowra Shire Council]] [[Garden]]
;Creator:[[User:jjron|jjron]]

* '''Support as nominator''' [[User:Jjron|jjron]] 15:31, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
* '''Support''' Good composition. Nice colors. Don't see anything that would make me want to oppose. – [[User:Sgeureka|sgeureka]] [[User_talk:Sgeureka|t]]•c 18:22, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support'''. Nice, simple panoramic view. It does look a '''touch''' overexposed but it may just be my preference as I think I tend to underexpose to preserve highlights more than I should. [[User:Diliff|Diliff]] | [[User talk:Diliff|(Talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Diliff|(Contribs)]] 18:51, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support'''. Some blown highlights here and there, but it doesn't detract from the picture too much (which is excellent by the way). '''''[[User:Nauticashades|Nautica]]''[[User Talk:Nauticashades|Shad]][[Wikipedia:Esperanza|e]][[Special:Contributions/User:Nauticashades|s]]''' 19:30, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Only very slightly overexposed. The radio tower in the upper right is distracting, but oh well…--[[User:HereToHelp|Here]][[User talk:HereToHelp|'''T''']][[User:HereToHelp|oHelp]] 19:32, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Symbol support vote.svg|15px]] '''Support''' Nice scene and colours. Also like the composition of this one better than for example [[:Image:04. Japanese Garden, Cowra, NSW, 22.09.2006.jpg|this shot]] thanks to the framing of the eucalypt LHS --[[User:Fir0002|Fir0002]] 02:51, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support'''. I really like the composition as well.--[[User:Ragesoss|ragesoss]] 03:23, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. Technically fine, but not particularly striking. Also I don't find it to be very Japanese, and I've seen Japanese gardens from Australian natives that seem a lot more Japanese than this. It's certainly nothing like the Japanese gardens I've seen in Japan. Perhaps the light and sense of space are reasons. I wish I could give more objective reasons. —[[User:Pengo|Pengo]] 13:01, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Weak oppose''' - It's a curious subject no doubt, but I'm afraid various things bother me. It's discernibly overexposed, the framing is not too good (the tree on the left-hand side just looks cut off) and the composition is nothing special, I daresay under par. And I'm finding everything rather distracting. -- '''[[User:Chris.B|''Chris B'']] • [[User talk:Chris.B|''talk'']] • [[Special:Contributions/Chris.B|''contribs'']]''' 16:47, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' - Looks a little oversaturated, like a magazine photo from the 70's. Still an FP though. [[User:Calibas|Calibas]] 22:04, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' - Ummm, what exactly does this illustrate? IMHO this is only some garden with a stone lantern thrown into the lake and labelled "Japanese garden". There is nothing that screams "Japanese" from this <s>garden</s>, the architecture, the main component visible from this pano, is absolutely not Japanese from the outside; most plants there aren't native to Japan and as far as I can see, there is only 1 sakura tree in full blossom in the centre; All three pictures at the end of the article put more emphasis on the Japanese parts more than this pano, but from this pano the garden look no different to any other well-maintained western public gardens: It tries to encompass too many things, like many public parks, and neglects the Japanese part that it's supposed to illustrate. I would support if it's for illustrating a public park, but not for Japanese gardens. --[[User: Antilived|antilived]][[User_talk:Antilived|T]] | [[Special:Contributions/Antilived|C]] | [[User:Antilived/Gallery|G]] 08:44, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. It is a nice photo, and maybe even a good illustration of a (Western public garden-style) Japanese garden. It just seems wrong to have a photo of one in Australia rather than an authentic original from Japan. Perhaps the caption could clarify something about the tradition of having such gardens in public gardens in the West, because this just doesn't feel authentic to me. --[[User:Dhartung|Dhartung]] | [[User talk:Dhartung|Talk]] 09:27, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
**Not to argue with genuine reasons for opposing, but perhaps I could recommend some of the opposers to take a couple of minutes to check the articles to understand the significance of ''these'' particular gardens and clarify some points. See especially [[Cowra%2C_New_South_Wales#Japanese_Garden|Cowra Japanese Garden]] and [[Cowra%2C_New_South_Wales#The_Cowra_breakout|The Cowra Breakout]]. These gardens were supported in their development by the Japanese Government both philosophically and financially, and designed and 'constructed' by a leading 'Japanese Garden' designer of the time (this was in the 1970s). And as the [[Japanese garden]] article says, one of the typical features is ''"A "borrowed landscape" from beyond the garden's confines"'', something I would have thought done pretty well here. --[[User:Jjron|jjron]] 12:02, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
***Yes and all of the 3 photos at the bottom screams out more "Japanese" than this one. This is just not a good perspective to illustrate the "Japanese" part of the garden. --[[User: Antilived|antilived]][[User_talk:Antilived|T]] | [[Special:Contributions/Antilived|C]] | [[User:Antilived/Gallery|G]] 00:24, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
****But could it be that this image is actually better at illustrating the article than the others as it defies many people's preconceptions about what a Japanese Garden should look like and therefore educates? [[User:Diliff|Diliff]] | [[User talk:Diliff|(Talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Diliff|(Contribs)]] 10:57, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' - per nom --'''[[User:childzy|Childzy]]''' ¤ '''[[User_talk:childzy|Talk]]''' 12:43, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose'''. Garden, yes. Japanese, no. Doesn't adequately illustrate the article. — [[User:Brian0918|BRIAN]][[User_talk:Brian0918|0918]] • 2007-09-10 14:54Z
*'''Oppose''' Oversaturated, unsharp and not particularly encyclopedic. -[[User:Fcb981|Fcb981]]([[User_talk:Fcb981|talk]]:[[Special:Contributions/Fcb981|contribs]]) 19:42, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Nevermind''' per Dhartung. This is a rather atypical Japanese garden in terms of a number of things, including size. I would consider changing my vote if the title of this photo were made specific to the '''Cowra''' Japanese Garden. [[User:Tokugawapants|Tokugawapants]] 06:07, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
**Huh? The image name is ''Image:07. Japanese Garden Pano, Cowra, NSW, 22.09.2006.jpg'', and it's clearly identified in the image caption everywhere it's used as being the Japanese Garden in Cowra - how much more specific do you want to get? --[[User:Jjron|jjron]] 08:01, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Comment''' This is interesting, because i recently saw a TV documentary about gardens especially Japaneses ones. I won't pretend i m an expert about gardening, but I can understand how this garden relates to Japaneses ones. The mix of raw stones, low bushes, and pond of water is definitely something you could see in a Japanese garden. However i find it disturbing that very few trees seem to be cut according to the Japanese way. Maybe we should need some additional input/research about Japanese gardens ? [[User:83.204.192.214|83.204.192.214]] 09:54, 11 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Not much wrong technically, and "there are [[Japanese gardens]] around the world?" Interesting... --[[User:Snowolfd4|'''snowolfD4''']] ( [[User_Talk:Snowolfd4|'''talk''']] / [[Special:Emailuser/Snowolfd4| @]] ) 12:03, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
*[[Image:Pictogram voting support.svg|15px|top]] '''Support''' – Technically good. Sharp details and good balance of colours and contrast given the bright sky. What it lacks in an outright informative photo of a Japanese garden, it makes up in its composition. Also the photo appears in other articles too, so it's not like it has to be the perfect illustration of a Japanese garden. [[User:CenturionZ_1|'''Centy''']] – [{{fullurl:User talk:CenturionZ 1|action=edit&section=new}}reply]• [[Special:Contributions/CenturionZ_1|contribs]] – 15:28, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Comment'''. I hope that whoever is responsible for closing this nomination takes into consideration that the gardens were, as Jjron said, designed and built by a leading Japanese gardener, and that many of the opposers are likely '''not''' Japanese or Japanese garden experts and therefore might not have the expertise to determine such things... ;-) It would be a shame if the opposition sunk the nomination based on limited understanding. I don't claim to be an expert either but I will take on face value the fact that it is actually a Japanese garden. [[User:Diliff|Diliff]] | [[User talk:Diliff|(Talk)]] [[Special:Contributions/Diliff|(Contribs)]] 09:33, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
** Speaking as a Japanese person, this garden does appear abnormal. It may have something to do with the fact that, although it was designed by a Japanese gardener, it was designed for a foreign terrain. That being said, I withdrew my opposition, as long as it stays clear that this is a "foreign" Japanese garden. [[User:Tokugawapants|Tokugawapants]] 20:53, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' - I have no idea if the picture is representative of a Japanese garden or not. Aesthetically, I don't lik it. The compostion is unbalanced and cluttered with too many elements. The tree and dark bushes in the foreground are particularly ugly. Maybe another POV? Finally the image seems overstaurated. [[User:Alvesgaspar|Alvesgaspar]] 20:23, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Comment''': I lived in Japan for three years and this is a very atypical Japanese garden. The only one I can think of that has wide expanses of lawn like this is [[Kōraku-en]]. '''[[User:Howcheng|howcheng]]''' {[[User talk:Howcheng|chat]]} 22:12, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Stron support''' - very nice view on the japanese garden :) [[User:Andrzej18|Andrew18]] [[User_talk:Andrzej18|@]] 22:28, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Oppose''' Too cluttered, appears to be a random collection of coloured objects in a field [[User:Wikipete|Wikipete]] 21:11, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' per nom. [[User:Avala|Avala]] 00:15, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' Even though this is slightly over-exposed, it doesn't matter due to the picture quality and beautiful Japanese garden. [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] 18:00, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

{{-}}

<noinclude>[[Category:Featured picture nominations]] [[Category:Featured picture nominations/September 2007]]</noinclude>

Colin McRae

2007-09-16T17:54:21Z

Matthuxtable: /* Death */ Link website

{{Recent death|McRae, Colin|date=September 2007}}
 
{{WRC driver
| Name = Colin McRae
| Image =
| Caption =
| Nationality = {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Scottish]]
| Years = [[1987 World Rally Championship season|1987]]–[[2006 World Rally Championship season|2006]]
| Teams = [[Subaru]], [[Citroën]], [[Ford]], [[Škoda]]
| Races = 146
| Championships = 1 ([[1995 World Rally Championship season|1995]])
| Wins = 25
| Podiums = 42
| Stagewins = 477
| Points = 626
| First race = 1987 [[Swedish Rally]]
| First win = 1993 [[Rally New Zealand]]
| Last win = 2002 [[Safari Rally]]
| Last race = 2006 [[Rally of Turkey]]
}}

'''Colin Steele McRae''', MBE ([[5 August]], [[1968]] – [[15 September]], [[2007]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[World Rally Championship]] driver, the son of five-time British Rally Champion, [[Jimmy McRae]] and older brother of professional driver [[Alister McRae]]. He won the world driver's title in [[1995 World Rally Championship season|1995]], was championship runner-up in [[1996 World Rally Championship season|1996]], [[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]] and [[2001 World Rally Championship season|2001]], and third in [[1998 World Rally Championship season|1998]].

He helped [[Subaru]] to the [[List of World Rally Championship Constructors' Champions|Manufacturers' title]] in 1995, 1996 and 1997, and [[Citroën]] in [[2003 World Rally Championship season|2003]]. He was appointed an [[Order of the British Empire| MBE]] (Member of the Order of the British Empire) by [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1996.

==Biography==
McRae began his [[Rallying|rally]] career in 1986, piloting a [[Talbot Sunbeam]]. A regular competitor on [[Scottish Rally Championship]] events, he was soon making a name for himself with his speed and exciting style of driving. His driving style drew many comparisons to [[Ari Vatanen]], the famous [[Finland|Finnish]] rally driver who McRae had always idolised. He soon progressed to a [[Vauxhall Nova]], and then onto a [[Ford Sierra|Ford Sierra XR 4x4]]. His first WRC exposure was in the 1987 [[Swedish Rally]] behind the wheel of his Nova, and again in 1989, driving the Sierra and finishing 15th overall. Later in '89, he finished 5th overall at [[Rally New Zealand]] in a [[rear wheel drive]] Sierra Cosworth. 1991 saw McRae join [[Prodrive]] Subaru for the [[British Rally Championship]]. He was twice the British champion in 1991 and 1992, soon graduating to 'works' status for the factory team.

===WRC===
[[Image:Colin McRae Subaru Impreza WRC.jpg|thumb|right|200px|McRae won the 1995 [[World Rally Championship]] in this [[Subaru Impreza]] 555.]]
McRae won his first WRC rally in [[1993 World Rally Championship season|1993]], piloting the Prodrive-built [[Subaru Legacy]] in the [[Rally New Zealand]], before aiding Subaru to a three-year sweep of titles, including one for himself in 1995 after a thrilling final round duel on his home event, with team-mate and double world champion [[Carlos Sainz]]. He later also won the 1998 [[Race of Champions]].

After several years of varying success, McRae switched to the [[M-Sport]] [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] team in [[1999 World Rally Championship season|1999]], behind the wheel of the new [[Ford Focus WRC]] rally car. This move was rewarded with two quickfire wins at the [[Safari Rally]] and [[Rally Portugal]]. However he was to struggle with reliability woes for much of the rest of that season, although later he did narrowly miss out on a second driver's title with the M-Sport operation in 2001.

With victory on the [[Safari Rally]] in [[2002 World Rally Championship season|2002]], McRae [[List of World Rally Championship records|made the record books]] as a driver with most event wins in the World Rally Championship. Erstwhile 2003 Citroën team-mates [[Spain|Spaniard]] Carlos Sainz and [[France|Frenchman]] [[Sébastien Loeb]] are among those to have since overtaken him.

In [[2003 World Rally Championship season|2003]], McRae decided to part ways with Ford and sign with the promising [[Citroën]] team. However, the Scotsman could only muster seventh in the title race, with no rally victories. When hopes for a second stint at Subaru evaporated — the Japanese marque signed young talent [[Mikko Hirvonen]] to partner 2003 World Champion [[Petter Solberg]] — he was subsequently left on the sidelines for [[2004 World Rally Championship season|2004]].

As of 2006, he had participated in 146 WRC events, and been team mates of many drivers including Carlos Sainz, [[Richard Burns]], Ari Vatanen, and Sebastien Loeb. Although not officially retired, McRae opted to take some time off from WRC and pursue other interests during his 'gap year', such as piloting a [[Nissan]] truck in the [[Paris Dakar Rally]]. He also contested the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]].

[[Image:Colin McRae.jpg|thumb|200px|McRae driving a [[Škoda Fabia|Škoda Fabia WRC]] on the [[Millennium Stadium]], [[Cardiff]] super special stage of the 2005 [[Wales Rally GB]].]]
After his year-long absence from the sport in 2004, McRae made his return in a works [[Skoda Fabia|Škoda Fabia WRC]] on the following season's [[Wales Rally GB]], albeit on a strictly one-off basis. He netted seventh place in a car widely believed uncompetitive in WRC circles. However, his hard-fought result was overshadowed by the tragic death of fellow British competitor [[Michael Park (rally co-driver)|Michael Park]]. Then came his bid for second place on his return in [[Rally Australia|Australia]], dashed by clutch woes three stages from the finish. Meanwhile, McRae was believed to be on the lookout for the chance of a full-time return to the sport for [[2006 World Rally Championship season|2006]], following the Škoda works team's withdrawal from the WRC.

On [[August 5]] [[2006]], McRae and co-driver [[Nicky Grist]] competed for Subaru in the first live televised American rally in Los Angeles as part of the [[X-Games]]. With two turns to go, McRae spectacularly flipped his Subaru Impreza, heavily damaging the front bumper and all but destroying the left front tyre. The car rolled back upright and he continued the race, finishing second.

In October 2006 it was furthermore announced that the pairing would serve as replacement for defending champion (and 2003 team-mate) [[Sébastien Loeb]] in the Kronos Citroen team for the [[Rally of Turkey]], in light of the Frenchman breaking his arm in a bicycle accident.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/world_rally/5404040.stm "McRae steps in for injured Loeb"], BBC Sport, October 4, 2006</ref> A final-stage alternator problem consigned them to a final placing outside the top ten. McRae's hopes for participation in the outstanding events in the [[2006 World Rally Championship season|2006]] calendar were subsequently unfulfilled.

===Personal life===
McRae was married to Alison,<ref>[http://www.carpages.co.uk/nissan/nissan-dakar-rally-08-01-05.asp "Colin McRae Rests At Home After Dakar Rally Retirement"], Carpages.co.uk, January 2005</ref> and had two children, Hollie and Johnny.<ref>[http://www.skoda-auto.com/global/sport/news/2005_51_colin.htm?importerISO= "Colin McRae to drive Fabia WRC on Rally GB"], Skoda-Auto.com</ref> McRae moved to the principality of [[Monaco]] in 1995, partly through his friendship with [[David Coulthard]].<ref>[http://www.mclaren.com/features/qanda/colin_mcrae.php "Q&A with Colin McRae"], ''Racing Line''</ref> However, as his young family grew up, he spent more time back at his home in [[Lanarkshire]] - accepting the higher tax liability of living in Scotland.<ref>The Real McRae: The Autobiography of Britain's Most Exciting Rally Driver (200), Colin McRae & Derek Alsopp, Ebury Press, ISBN 0091883962</ref> The couple bought the 17th century Jerviswood House.

His brother, [[Alister McRae|Alister]], is also a professional rally driver and has enjoyed some success, including winning the British Rally Championship in 1995. His sister is a doctor in the University Hospital in County [[Durham]] who also enjoys rally driving.

===Death===
At approximately 4:10pm on [[15 September]] [[2007]], an [[Eurocopter Ecureuil|AS350B2 Squirrel]] helicopter registered G-CBHL to McRae<ref>[http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=detailnosummary&fullregmark=G-CBHL Civil Aviation Authority]</ref> crashed 1 mile north of [[Lanark]], [[Scotland]], close to the McRae family home.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/afp/20070915/tuk-auto-rally-gbr-mcrae-b5b5cc4_1.html | title = Colin McRae feared dead in helicopter crash - police | publisher = [[Yahoo! News]]/[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] | accessdate=2007-09-16}}</ref> McRae was known to be a keen helicopter pilot, and his agent Jean-Éric Freudiger has stated that McRae was piloting the helicopter at the time of the crash.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.scotsman.com/entertainment.cfm?id=1483222007 | title=Rally ace Colin McRae dies in helicopter crash | publisher=[[The Scotsman]] | accessdate=2007-09-16}}</ref> Police confirmed the next day that McRae, his five year old son Johnny, and two family friends, Graeme Duncan and Johnny's six year old friend Ben Porcelli,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/glasgow_and_west/6997270.stm | title = Two children on McRae helicopter | publisher = [[BBC]] | accessdate=2007-09-16}}</ref> died in the crash.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://breakingnews.iol.ie/sport/story.asp?j=190280020&p=y9xz8x6xx&t=f1 | title=McRae and children die in helicopter crash | publisher = Ireland On-Line | accessdate=2007-09-16}}</ref> McRae's previously active website, [http://www.ColinMcRae.com/ ColinMcRae.com], was later replaced with a memorial screen stating a few details about the crash, and then with a short statement released on behalf of McRae's father; Jimmy.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.colinmcrae.com | title=Colin McRae MBE 1968 - 2007 | accessdate=2007-09-16}}</ref>

==WRC victories==
:{|class="wikitable"
!  # 
! Event
! Season
! Co-driver
! Car
|-
| 1
| {{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Rally New Zealand|23rd Rothmans Rally of New Zealand]]
| [[1993 World Rally Championship season|1993]]
| [[Derek Ringer]]
| [[Subaru Legacy|Subaru Legacy RS]]
|-
| 2
| {{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Rally New Zealand|24th Rothmans Rally of New Zealand]]
| [[1994 World Rally Championship season|1994]]
| Derek Ringer
| [[Subaru Impreza|Subaru Impreza 555]]
|-
| 3
| {{Flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Wales Rally Great Britain|50th Network Q Rally]]
| [[1994 World Rally Championship season|1994]]
| Derek Ringer
| Subaru Impreza 555
|-
| 4
| {{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Rally New Zealand|25th Smokefree Rally New Zealand]]
| [[1995 World Rally Championship season|1995]]
| Derek Ringer
| Subaru Impreza 555
|-
| 5
| {{Flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Wales Rally Great Britain|51st Network Q Rally]]
| [[1995 World Rally Championship season|1995]]
| Derek Ringer
| Subaru Impreza 555
|-
| 6
| {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Acropolis Rally Greece|43rd Acropolis Rally of Greece]]
| [[1996 World Rally Championship season|1996]]
| Derek Ringer
| Subaru Impreza 555
|-
| 7
| {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Rallye Sanremo|38º Rallye Sanremo - Rallye d'Italia]]
| [[1996 World Rally Championship season|1996]]
| Derek Ringer
| Subaru Impreza 555
|-
| 8
| {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Rally Catalunya|32º Rallye Catalunya-Costa Brava (Rallye de España)]]
| [[1996 World Rally Championship season|1996]]
| Derek Ringer
| Subaru Impreza 555
|-
| 9
| {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Safari Rally|45th Safari Rally Kenya]]
| [[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]]
| [[Nicky Grist]]
| [[Subaru Impreza|Subaru Impreza WRC]]
|-
| 10
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[Rallye de France|41ème Tour de Corse - Rallye de France]]
| [[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 11
| {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Rallye Sanremo|39º Rallye Sanremo - Rallye d'Italia]]
| [[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 12
| {{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Rally Australia|10th API Rally Australia]]
| [[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 13
| {{Flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Wales Rally Great Britain|53rd Network Q Rally]]
| [[1997 World Rally Championship season|1997]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 14
| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Rallye de Portugal|31º TAP Rallye de Portugal]]
| [[1998 World Rally Championship season|1998]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 15
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[Rallye de France|42ème Tour de Corse - Rallye de France]]
| [[1998 World Rally Championship season|1998]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 16
| {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Acropolis Rally Greece|45th Acropolis Rally of Greece]]
| [[1998 World Rally Championship season|1998]]
| Nicky Grist
| Subaru Impreza WRC
|-
| 17
| {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Safari Rally|47th Safari Rally Kenya]]
| [[1999 World Rally Championship season|1999]]
| Nicky Grist
| [[Ford Focus WRC]]
|-
| 18
| {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Rallye de Portugal|32º TAP Rallye de Portugal]]
| [[1999 World Rally Championship season|1999]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 19
| {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Rally Catalunya|36º Rallye Catalunya-Costa Brava (Rallye de España)]]
| [[2000 World Rally Championship season|2000]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 20
| {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Acropolis Rally Greece|47th Acropolis Rally]]
| [[2000 World Rally Championship season|2000]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 21
| {{Flagicon|Argentina}} [[Rally Argentina|21º Rally Argentina]]
| [[2001 World Rally Championship season|2001]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 22
| {{Flagicon|Cyprus}} [[Cyprus Rally|29th Cyprus Rally]]
| [[2001 World Rally Championship season|2001]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 23
| {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Acropolis Rally Greece|48th Acropolis Rally]]
| [[2001 World Rally Championship season|2001]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 24
| {{Flagicon|Greece}} [[Acropolis Rally Greece|49th Acropolis Rally]]
| [[2002 World Rally Championship season|2002]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|-
| 25
| {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Safari Rally|50th Inmarsat Safari Rally]]
| [[2002 World Rally Championship season|2002]]
| Nicky Grist
| Ford Focus WRC
|}

== Colin McRae Rally ==
{{main|Colin McRae Rally}}
The other key McRae association is with the world of [[computer games]]. [[Codemasters]] released the first ''[[Colin McRae Rally]]'' title in 1998. Version ''2'' was released in the year 2000, for [[Sony]]'s [[PlayStation]] and for the PC, and it was ported to the [[Game Boy Advance]] in 2002. A third version found a wide audience on the PC and [[Xbox]]. Versions ''04'' and ''2005'' arrived in 2004 on all major platforms. ''2005'' was also ported to [[Sony]]'s [[PlayStation Portable|PSP]] and [[Nokia]]'s [[N-Gage]]. ''[[Colin McRae: DiRT]]'' was the title for the next installment of the series, which launched in 2007 for the PC, [[Xbox 360]] and [[PlayStation 3]]. A special edition for mobile phones will also be available from Codemasters Mobile.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikinews|Colin McRae feared dead in helicopter crash}}
* [http://www.colinmcrae.com Colin McRae Official site (Now just a memorial screen)]
* [http://www.codemasters.com Codemasters]
* [http://www.colinmcraesport.com Colin McRae Official Sportswear Brand (currently blanked with black page)]
* [http://www.rallybase.nl/index.php?type=profile&driverid=30 Rallybase stats page]
* [http://www.juwra.com/mcrae_colin.html WRC Archive stats page]

{{World Rally Champions}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=McRae, Colin
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Former [[World Rally Championship]] driver
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[August 5]], [[1968]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Lanark]], [[Scotland]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[September 15]], [[2007]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Lanark]], [[Scotland]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:McRae, Colin}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from South Lanarkshire]]
[[Category:Scottish rally drivers]]
[[Category:Scottish racecar drivers]]
[[Category:Segrave Trophy recipients]]
[[Category:Helicopter crash victims]]

[[ca:Colin McRae]]
[[cs:Colin McRae]]
[[cy:Colin McRae]]
[[de:Colin McRae]]
[[es:Colin McRae]]
[[fi:Colin McRae]]
[[fr:Colin McRae]]
[[gl:Colin McRae]]
[[hr:Colin McRae]]
[[id:Colin McRae]]
[[it:Colin McRae]]
[[lv:Kolins Makrejs]]
[[hu:Colin Mcrae]]
[[nl:Colin McRae]]
[[ja:コリン・マクレー]]
[[no:Colin McRae]]
[[pl:Colin McRae]]
[[pt:Colin McRae]]
[[sv:Colin McRae]]
[[tr:Colin McRae]]

DMZ (computing)

2007-08-06T13:00:47Z

Matthuxtable: remove bold on otherusesof

{{otherusesof|DMZ}}
{{Expand|date=March 2007}}
{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
[[Image:DMZ network diagram.png|thumb|300px|Diagram of a typical network employing DMZ using a three-legged firewall]]
In [[computer security]], a '''demilitarized zone''' (DMZ), more appropriately known as '''demarcation zone''', or '''perimeter network''' is a [[computer network|network]] area (a [[subnetwork]]) that sits between an organization's internal network and an external network, usually the [[Internet]]. The point of a DMZ is that connections from the internal and the external network to the DMZ are permitted, whereas connections from the DMZ are only permitted to the external network — hosts in the DMZ may not connect to the internal network. This allows the DMZ's [[server (computing)|host]]s to provide services to both the internal and external network while protecting the internal network in case intruders compromise a host in the DMZ. For someone on the external network who wants to illegally connect to the internal network, the DMZ is a dead end.

The DMZ is typically used for connecting servers that need to be accessible from the outside world, such as [[e-mail]], [[World Wide Web|web]] and [[Domain Name System|DNS]] servers.

Connections from the external network to the DMZ are usually controlled using [[port address translation]] (PAT).

A DMZ is often created through a configuration option on the [[firewall (networking)|firewall]], where each network is connected to a different port on the firewall - this is called a three-legged firewall set-up. A DMZ can be seen as an optional and more secure approach to a firewall and effectively acts as a proxy server as well. A stronger approach is to use two firewalls, where the DMZ is in the middle and connected to both firewalls, and one firewall is connected to the internal network and the other to the external network. This helps prevent accidental misconfiguration, allowing access from the external network to the internal network. This type of setup is also referred to as [[screened-subnet firewall]].

In a typical DMZ configuration for a small company, a separate computer (or host in network terms) receives requests from users within the private network for access to Web sites or other companies accessible on the public network. The DMZ host then initiates sessions for these requests on the public network. However, the DMZ host is not able to initiate a session back into the private network. It can only forward packets that have already been requested.

Users of the public network outside the company can access only the DMZ host. The DMZ may typically also have the company's Web pages so these could be served to the outside world. However, the DMZ provides access to no other company data. In the event that an outside user penetrated the DMZ host's security, the Web pages might be corrupted but no other company information would be exposed.

== Network Zone Colors ==
As shown in the diagram, networks get assigned one of three colors:
• red = untrusted, usually the Internet.
• green = semi-trusted, the DMZ
• blue = trusted, the local network
These colored zones delimit where firewalling is applied. Additional firewalling might be applied, especially at end hosts, at the departmental level, or other administrative boundaries.

Alternatively the following colors are sometimes used:
• red = untrusted, usually the Internet.
• orange = semi-trusted, the DMZ
• blue = mostly-trusted, wireless
• green = trusted, the local network

== DMZ host ==
Some home routers refer to a '''DMZ host'''. A home [[router]] DMZ host is a host on the internal network that has all ports exposed, except those ports forwarded otherwise.

By definition this is not a true DMZ, since it provides no security between the host and the internal network. That is, the DMZ host is able to connect to hosts on the internal network, but hosts in a real DMZ are prevented from doing so by the [[Firewall (networking)|firewall]] that sits between them.

== See also ==
* [[Bastion host]]
*[[Internet Firewalls]]
*[[Router]]

[[Category:Computer network security]]

{{compu-network-stub}}

[[de:Demilitarized Zone]]
[[et:Demilitariseeritud tsoon (informaatika)]]
[[es:Zona desmilitarizada]]
[[fr:Zone démilitarisée]]
[[ko:비무장지대 (컴퓨터)]]
[[it:Demilitarized zone]]
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[[ja:非武装地帯 (コンピュータセキュリティ)]]
[[pl:Demilitarized Zone]]
[[pt:DMZ]]
[[ru:DMZ (компьютерные сети)]]
[[sv:DMZ (Internet)]]'''

User talk:Ngriffeth

2007-07-23T21:59:40Z

Matthuxtable: comment

'''Welcome!'''

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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Please [[Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out [[Wikipedia:Questions]], ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:Category:Wikipedians looking for help|helpme]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> before the question on your talk page. Again, welcome!  Cheers, -- [[User:Infrogmation|Infrogmation]] 01:34, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

== RE: Sandbox ==

Thanks for that. I thought it would be a good idea to test major changes to articles before posting them, especially if they are ones which are likely to be accessed regularly and we can't afford to have them broken for any length of time!

Are you new to Wikipedia? I haven't seen you around before! Then again there's so many users on here it's unlikely I see everyone, but I do spend some considerable time browsing this site!

Kind regards [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] 20:27, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

:I see you managed to create your sandbox. Well done! You realise however that you could make the pages in the sandbox a subpae of the sandbox page (if you get what I mean), so /User:Ngriffeth/sandbox/<Sandbox page> (Instead of /User:Ngriffeth/<sandbox page> Just keeps things neater that's all! [[User:Matthuxtable|Matthuxtable]] 21:59, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

User talk:Ngriffeth

2007-07-03T20:27:22Z

Matthuxtable: RE: Sandbox

IP address

2007-04-27T19:48:32Z

Matthuxtable: /* Static and dynamic IP addresses */ reworded dynamic subsection

{{Unreferenced|date=March 2007}}
{{IPstack}}
An '''IP address''' ('''Internet Protocol address''') is a unique [[Network address|address]] that certain electronic devices use in order to identify and communicate with each other on a [[computer network]] utilizing the [[Internet Protocol]] standard ('''IP''')—in simpler terms, a computer [[Logical address|address]]. Any participating network device—including [[routers]], [[computer]]s, time-servers, [[Computer printer|printers]], [[Internet]] [[fax]] machines, and some [[telephone]]s—can have their own unique address.

An IP address can also be thought of as the equivalent of a [[Address (geography)|street address]] or a [[phone number]] (compare: [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] (voice over (the) internet protocol)) for a computer or other network device on the Internet. Just as each street address and phone number uniquely identifies a building or telephone, an IP address can uniquely identify a specific computer or other network device on a network.

IP addresses can appear to be shared by multiple client devices either because they are part of a [[shared hosting]] [[web server]] environment or because a [[proxy server]] (e.g., an [[Internet service provider|ISP]] or [[anonymizer]] service) acts as an [[intermediary]] agent on behalf of its customers, in which case the real originating IP addresses might be hidden from the server receiving a [[request]]. The analogy to telephone systems would be the use of predial numbers (proxy) and extensions (shared).

IP addresses are managed and created by the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority]] (IANA). The IANA generally allocates super-blocks to [[Regional Internet Registry|Regional Internet Registries]], who in turn allocate smaller blocks to [[Internet service provider]]s and [[enterprise]]s.

==IP versions==
The Internet Protocol has two versions currently in use (see [[Internet Protocol#Version history|IP version history]] for details). Each version has its own definition of an IP address. Because of its prevalence, "IP address" typically refers to those defined by [[IPv4]].

===IP version 4===
{{main|IPv4#Addressing|l1=IPv4 (Addressing)}}

IPv4 only uses 32-[[bit]] (4 [[byte]]) addresses, which limits the [[address space]] to 4,294,967,296 (232) possible unique addresses. However, many are reserved for special purposes, such as [[private network]]s (~18 million addresses) or [[multicast address]]es (~270 million addresses). This reduces the number of addresses that can be allocated as public Internet addresses, and as the number of addresses available is consumed, an [[IPv4#Exhaustion|IPv4 address shortage ]] appears to be inevitable in the long run. This limitation has helped stimulate the push towards [[IPv6]], which is currently in the early stages of deployment and is currently the only contender to replace IPv4.

Example: 127.0.0.1 (Loopback)
;;;;;;
=== IP version 6 ===
{{main|IPv6#Addressing|l1=IPv6 (Addressing)}}

IPv6 is the new standard protocol for the Internet. [[Windows Vista]], [[Apple Computer]]'s [[Mac OS X]], and an increasing range of [[Linux]] distibutions include native support for the protocol, but it is not yet widely deployed elsewhere.

Addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) wide, which, even with a generous assignment of netblocks, will more than suffice for the foreseeable future. In theory, there would be exactly 2128, or about 3.403 × 1038 unique host interface addresses. Further, this large address space will be sparsely populated, which makes it possible to again encode more routing information into the addresses themselves.

One source<ref>[http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/13426/ Article] in MIT magazine ''Technology Review'' introducing IPv6</ref> notes that there will exist "roughly 5,000 addresses for every square micrometer of the Earth's surface". This enormous magnitude of available IP addresses will be sufficiently large for the indefinite future, even though mobile phones, cars and all types of personal devices are coming to rely on the Internet for everyday purposes.

Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334

==== IP version 6 private addresses ====
Just as there are addresses for private, or internal networks in IPv4 (one example being the 192.168.0.1 - 192.168.0.254 range), there are blocks of addresses set aside in IPv6 for private addresses. Addresses starting with FE80: are called link-local addresses and are routable only on your local link area. This means that if several hosts connect to each other through a hub or switch then they would communicate through their link-local IPv6 address.

Early designs specified an address range used for "private" addressing, with prefix FEC0:, however this is no longer the case. These are called site-local addresses and are routable within a particular site, analogously to IPv4 private addresses. Neither site- nor link-local address ranges are routable over the internet.

With IPv6, virtually every device in the world can have an IP address: cars, refrigerators, lawnmowers and so on. If one's refrigerator stopped working, for example, a repair specialist could identify the problem without ever visiting in person. Depending on the severity of the problem it might even be possible to make repairs remotely.

==Static and dynamic IP addresses==
{{section stub}}
A ''Static IP address'' is where a computer uses the same address every time a user logs on to a network, for example the Internet. With a static IP address, a computer's identity can be easily identified by others, and user can easily connect with it. That way, for example, a website, email server, or other type of server connection can be hosted.

This contrasts with a ''Dynamic IP address'', wherein an IP address is assigned to a computer, usually by a remote server which is acting as a [[Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]] server. IP addresses assigned using DHCP may change depending on the addresses available in the set scope.

==IP address legality in Europe==

It is important to note that unlike the U.S., under European Union law IP Addresses are considered to be personal data as defined by article 2(a) of Directive 95/46/EC " 'personal data' shall mean any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person ('data subject'); an identifiable person is one who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identification number or to one or more factors specific to his physical, physiological, mental, economic, cultural or social identity; " Also see Directive 2006/24/EC.

In association with Time Codes, IP Addressing information will always identify unique ISP account holders unless there is translation of that information.

It is important that this significant difference in legal status be understood, because Websites that provide for third-party interception of IP addressing information and Traffic Data, without Website visitor consent, are committing a criminal offence in the UK by virtue of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, where through the requirements of European Council Decision 2005/222/JHA such Website owners face serious sanctions, including the winding up of their businesses, being debarred from running a business, and more than 2 years imprisonment.

*[http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=31995L0046&model=guichett Directive 95/46/EC]

*[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006L0024:EN:NOT Directive 2006/24/EC]

*[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005F0222:EN:NOT European Council Framework Decision 2005/222/JHA]

*[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/20000023.htm the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000]

''To access EU documents it may be necessary to register with the Eur-Lex Website at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm''

==See also==
*[[Ping]]
*[[IP Multicast]]
*[[MAC address]]
*[[Regional Internet Registry]]
**[[AfriNIC|African Network Information Center]]
**[[American Registry for Internet Numbers]]
**[[RIPE NCC|RIPE Network Coordination Centre]]
**[[Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre]]
**[[Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry]]
*[[Subnetwork|Subnet address]]
*[[Geolocation]]
*[[Geolocation software]]
*[[Country IP database]]
*[[Geo (marketing)]]
*[[Honeypot (computing)|Honeypot]]
*[[Data mining]]
*[[IP address spoofing]]
*[[Help:Page history]]: your IP in the Wikipedia page histories.
*[[Private network]]
*[[IP blocking]]

==External links==
* {{dmoz|Computers/Internet/Protocols/IP/|IP}}

*[http://www.circleid.com/community/topics/view/IP%20Addressing/ Articles on CircleID about IP addressing]
*[http://www.byte.com/art/9602/sec16/art4.htm IP-Address Management on LANs] — article in ''[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]]'' magazine
*[http://www.3com.com/other/pdfs/infra/corpinfo/en_US/501302.pdf Understanding IP Addressing: Everything You Ever Wanted To Know]
===RFCs===
* IPv4 addresses: RFC 791, RFC 1519, RFC 1918
* IPv6 addresses: RFC 4291

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Network addressing]]
[[Category:Internet Protocol|Address]]

[[als:IP-Adresse]]
[[ar:عنوان الاي بي]]
[[ca:Adreça IP]]
[[cs:IP adresa]]
[[da:IP-adresse]]
[[de:IP-Adresse]]
[[et:IP-aadress]]
[[el:Διεύθυνση IP]]
[[es:Dirección IP]]
[[eo:IP-adreso]]
[[fa:قرارداد اینترنتی]]
[[fo:IP-adressa]]
[[fr:Adresse IP]]
[[gu:IP address]]
[[ko:IP 주소]]
[[hr:IP broj]]
[[id:Alamat IP]]
[[is:Vistfang]]
[[it:Indirizzo IP]]
[[he:כתובת IP]]
[[lt:IP adresas]]
[[li:IP adres]]
[[ms:Alamat IP]]
[[nl:IP-adres]]
[[ja:IPアドレス]]
[[no:IP-adresse]]
[[nn:IP-adresse]]
[[pl:Adres IP]]
[[pt:Endereço IP]]
[[ru:IP-адрес]]
[[sq:Adresa IP]]
[[sk:IP adresa]]
[[sl:IP-naslov]]
[[sr:ИП адреса]]
[[fi:IP-osoite]]
[[sv:IP-nummer]]
[[th:หมายเลขไอพี]]
[[tr:IP adresi]]
[[zh:IP地址]]

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

2007-04-27T19:45:40Z

Matthuxtable: punctuation incorrect

{{Otheruses4|the networking protocol|other uses|DHCP (disambiguation)}}

{{IPstack}}
'''DHCP''' is a set of rules used by communications devices such as a [[computer]], [[router]] or [[network adapter]] to allow the device to request and obtain an [[IP address]] from a [[Server (computing)|server]] which has a list of addresses available for assignment.'''

DHCP is a protocol used by networked computers (''clients'') to obtain IP addresses and other parameters such as the [[default gateway]], [[subnet mask]], and IP addresses of [[Domain name system|DNS]] servers from a DHCP server. It facilitates access to a network because these settings would otherwise have to be made manually for the client to participate in the network.

The DHCP server ensures that all IP addresses are unique, e.g., no IP address is assigned to a second client while the first client's assignment is valid (its ''lease'' has not expired). Thus IP address pool management is done by the server and not by a human network administrator.

DHCP emerged as a [[standardization|standard protocol]] in October 1993. [[As of 2006]], RFC 2131 provides the latest ([dated March 1997]) DHCP definition. DHCP functionally became a successor to the older [[BOOTP]] protocol, whose leases were given for infinite time and did not support options. Due to the backward-compatibility of DHCP, very few networks continue to use pure BOOTP.

The [[as of 2004|latest]] non-standard of the protocol, describing [[DHCPv6]] (DHCP in an [[IPv6]] environment), appeared in July 2003 as RFC 3315.

==Overview==
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automates the assignment of IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateway, and other IP parameters. The assignment occurs when the DHCP-configured machine boots up or regains connectivity to a network. The DHCP client sends out a query requesting a response from a DHCP server on the locally attached network. The query is typically initiated immediately after [[booting]] up and before the client initiates any [[Internet Protocol|IP]] based communication with other hosts. The DHCP server then replies to the client with its assigned IP address, subnet mask, DNS server and default gateway information.

The assignment of the IP address generally expires after a predetermined period of time, before which the DHCP client and server renegotiate a new IP address from the server's predefined pool of addresses. Typical intervals range from one hour to several months, and can, if desired, be set to ''infinite'' (never expire). The length of time the address is available to the device it was assigned to is called a ''lease'', and is determined by the server.

Configuring [[firewall (networking)|firewall]] rules to accommodate access from machines who receive their IP addresses via DHCP is therefore more difficult because the remote IP address will vary from time to time. Administrators must usually allow access to the entire remote DHCP subnet for a particular TCP/UDP port.

Most home routers and firewalls are configured in the factory to be DHCP servers for a home network. An alternative to a home router is to use a computer as a DHCP server. [[Internet service provider|ISP]]s generally use DHCP to assign clients individual IP addresses.

DHCP is a broadcast-based protocol. As with other types of broadcast traffic, it does not cross a router unless specifically configured to do so. Users who desire this capability must configure their routers to pass DHCP traffic across UDP ports 67 and 68. Home users, however, will practically never need this functionality.

==Extent of DHCP usage==
Most [[Cable modem|cable internet]] providers use DHCP to allocate IP addresses.

In the [[United Kingdom|UK]] many broad-band ISP networks use DHCP, but [[xDSL]] providers make
extensive use of "infinite lease", which amounts to assigning semi-static IPs.

In addition, many [[router]]s and other gateway devices provide DHCP support
for [[computer Network|networks]] running many computers being assigned private
IP addresses.

Office networks also use DHCP, in particular when workers make extensive use of
laptops which link directly to the in-house network only occasionally .

Network routers and often [[multilayer switch|multilayer switches]] employ a ''DHCP relay agent'', which relays DHCP "Discover" broadcasts from a LAN which does not include a DHCP server to a network which does have one. These devices may be sometimes configured to append information about port from which DHCP request originates (also known as ''option 82''). One example of such a relay agent is the [[UDP Helper Address]] command employed by [[Cisco]] routers.

==Security==
{{sectstub}}

==DHCP and firewalls==
[[Firewall (networking)|Firewalls]] usually have to permit DHCP traffic explicitly. Specification of the DHCP client-server protocol describes several cases when packets must have the source address of <tt>0x00000000</tt> or the destination address of <tt>0xffffffff</tt>. Anti-[[spoofing attack|spoofing]] policy rules and tight inclusive firewalls often stop such packets. [[Multi-homed]] DHCP servers require special consideration and further complicate configuration.

To allow DHCP, network administrators need to allow several types of packets through the server-side firewall. All DHCP packets travel as [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]] datagrams; all client-sent packets have source port 68 and destination port 67; all server-sent packets have source port 67 and destination port 68. For example, a server-side firewall should allow the following types of packets:
* Incoming packets from 0.0.0.0 or dhcp-pool to dhcp-ip
* Incoming packets from any address to 255.255.255.255
* Outgoing packets from dhcp-ip to dhcp-pool or 255.255.255.255
where ''dhcp-ip'' represents any address configured on a DHCP server host and ''dhcp-pool'' stands for the pool from which a DHCP server assigns addresses to clients

===Example in ipfw firewall===
To give an idea of how a configuration would look in production, the following rules for a server-side [[ipfirewall]] to allow DHCP traffic through. Dhcpd operates on interface rl0 and assigns addresses from 192.168.0.0/24 :
pass udp from 0.0.0.0,192.168.0.0/24 68 to me 67 in recv rl0
pass udp from any 68 to 255.255.255.255 67 in recv rl0
pass udp from me 67 to 192.168.0.0/24,255.255.255.255 68 out xmit rl0

===Example in Cisco IOS Extended ACL===
The following entries are valid on a Cisco 3560 switch with enabled DHCP service. The ACL is applied to a routed interface, 10.32.73.129, on input. The subnet is 10.32.73.128/26.
10 permit udp host 0.0.0.0 eq bootpc host 10.32.73.129 eq bootps
20 permit udp 10.32.73.128 0.0.0.63 eq bootpc host 10.32.73.129 eq bootps
30 permit udp any eq bootpc host 255.255.255.255 eq bootps

==Technical details==
[[Image:DHCP_session_en.svg|thumb|Schema of a typical DHCP session]]

DHCP uses the same two [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] assigned ports as [[BOOTP]]: 67/udp for the [[server-side|server side]], and 68/udp for the [[client-side|client side]].

DHCP operations fall into four basic phases. These phases are IP lease request, IP lease offer, IP lease selection, and IP lease acknowledgement.

===DHCP discovery===
The client broadcasts on the local physical subnet to find available servers. Network administrators can configure a local router to forward DHCP packets to a DHCP server on a different subnet. This client-implementation creates a [[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]] packet with the broadcast destination of 255.255.255.255 or subnet broadcast address.

A client can also request its last-known IP address (in the example below, 192.168.1.100). If the client is still in a network where this IP is valid, the server might grant the request. Otherwise, it depends whether the server is set up as [http://www.isc.org/index.pl?/sw/dhcp/authoritative.php authoritative] or not. An authoritative server will deny the request, making the client ask for a new IP immediately. A non-authoritative server simply ignores the request, leading to an implementation dependent time out for the client to give up on the request and ask for a new IP.

<table border="0">
<tr><td valign="top">
<table class="wikitable"><caption>DHCPDISCOVER</caption>
<tr><td colspan=4>[[User Datagram Protocol|UDP]] Src=0.0.0.0 sPort=68 Dest=255.255.255.255 dPort=67</td></tr>
<tr><th>OP</th><th>HTYPE</th><th>HLEN</th><th>HOPS</th></tr>
<tr><td>0x01</td><td>0x01</td><td>0x06</td><td>0x00</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>XID</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x3903F326</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=2>SECS</th><th colspan=2>FLAGS</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>0x0000</td><td colspan=2>0x0000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>YIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>SIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>GIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CHADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00053C04</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x8D590000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>192 octets of 0's. [[BOOTP]] legacy</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 53: DHCP Discover</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 50: 192.168.1.100 requested</td></tr>
</table></td>

===DHCP offers===
When a DHCP server receives an IP lease request from a client, it extends an IP lease offer. This is done by reserving an IP address for the client and sending a DHCPOFFER message across the network to the client. This message contains the client's MAC address, followed by the IP address that the server is offering, the subnet mask, the lease duration, and the IP address of the DHCP server making the offer.

The server determines the configuration, based on the client's hardware address as specified in the CHADDR field. Here the server, 192.168.1.1, specifies the IP address in the YIADDR field.

<td valign="top"><table class="wikitable"><caption>DHCPOFFER</caption>
<tr><td colspan=4>UDP Src=192.168.1.1 sPort=67 Dest=255.255.255.255 dPort=68 </td></tr>
<tr><th>OP</th><th>HTYPE</th><th>HLEN</th><th>HOPS</th></tr>
<tr><td>0x02</td><td>0x01</td><td>0x06</td><td>0x00</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>XID</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x3903F326</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=2>SECS</th><th colspan=2>FLAGS</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>0x0000</td><td colspan=2>0x0000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>YIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0xC0A80164</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>SIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>GIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CHADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00053C04</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x8D590000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>192 octets of 0's. [[BOOTP]] legacy</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 53: DHCP Offer</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 1: 255.255.255.0 subnet mask</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 3: 192.168.1.1 router</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 51: 1 day IP lease time</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 54: 192.168.1.1 DHCP server</td></tr>
</table></td>

===DHCP requests===
The client selects a configuration out of the DHCP "Offer" packets it has received and broadcasts it on the local subnet. Again, this client requests the 192.168.1.100 address that the server specified. In case the client has received multiple offers it specifies the server from which it has accepted the offer.

<td valign="top"><table class="wikitable"><caption>DHCPREQUEST</caption>
<tr><td colspan=4>UDP Src=0.0.0.0 sPort=68 Dest=255.255.255.255 dPort=67 </td></tr>
<tr><th>OP</th><th>HTYPE</th><th>HLEN</th><th>HOPS</th></tr>
<tr><td>0x01</td><td>0x01</td><td>0x06</td><td>0x00</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>XID</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x3903F326</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=2>SECS</th><th colspan=2>FLAGS</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>0x0000</td><td colspan=2>0x0000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>YIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>SIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>GIADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CHADDR</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00053C04</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x8D590000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>192 octets of 0's. [[BOOTP]] legacy</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 53: DHCP Request</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 50: 192.168.1.100 requested</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 54: 192.168.1.1 DHCP server.</td></tr>
</table></td>

===DHCP acknowledgement===

When the DHCP server receives the DHCPREQUEST message from the client, it initiates the final phase of the configuration process. This acknowledgement phase involves sending a DHCPACK packet to the client. This packet includes the lease duration and any other configuration information that the client might have requested. At this point, the TCP/IP configuration process is complete.

The server acknowledges the request and sends the acknowledgement to the client. The system as a whole expects the client to configure its network interface with the supplied options.

<td valign="top"><table class="wikitable"><caption>DHCPACK</caption>
<tr><td colspan=4>UDP Src=192.168.1.1 sPort=67 Dest=255.255.255.255 dPort=68 </td></tr>
<tr><th>OP</th><th>HTYPE</th><th>HLEN</th><th>HOPS</th></tr>
<tr><td>0x02</td><td>0x01</td><td>0x06</td><td>0x00</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>XID</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x3903F326</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=2>SECS</th><th colspan=2>FLAGS</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2>0x0000</td><td colspan=2>0x0000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CIADDR (Client IP Address)</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>YIADDR (Your IP Address)</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0xC0A80164</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>SIADDR (Server IP Address)</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>GIADDR (Relay IP Address)</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><th colspan=4>CHADDR (Client Hardware Address)</th></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00053C04</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x8D590000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>0x00000000</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>192 octets of 0's. [[BOOTP]] legacy</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 53: DHCP ACK</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 1: 255.255.255.0 subnet mask</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 3: 192.168.1.1 router</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 51: 1 day IP lease time</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=4>DHCP option 54: 192.168.1.1 DHCP server</td></tr>
</table></td>
</tr></table>

===DHCP selection===
When the client PC receives an IP lease offer, it must tell all the other DHCP servers that it has accepted an offer. To do this, the client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST message containing the IP address of the server that made the offer. When the other DHCP servers receive this message, they withdraw any offers that they might have made to the client. They then return the address that they had reserved for the client back to the pool of valid addresses that they can offer to another computer. Any number of DHCP servers can respond to an IP lease request, but the client can only accept one offer per network interface card.

===DHCP information===
The client sends a request to the DHCP server: either to request more information than the server sent with the original DHCPACK; or to repeat data for a particular application - for example, browsers use ''DHCP Inform'' to obtain web proxy settings via [[Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol|WPAD]]. Such queries do not cause the DHCP server to refresh the IP expiry time in its database.

===DHCP releasing===
The client sends a request to the DHCP server to release the DHCP and the client unconfigures its IP address. As clients usually do not know when users may unplug them from the network, the protocol does not define the sending of ''DHCP Release'' as mandatory.

===Client configuration parameters===
A DHCP server can provide optional configuration parameters to the client. RFC 2132 defines the available DHCP options, which are summarized here.

''RFC 1497 Vendor Extensions:''
Data
Tag Name Length Meaning
--- ---- ------ -------
0 Pad Option 0 None
255 End Option 0 None
1 Subnet Mask 4 Subnet Mask Value
2 Time Offset 4 Time Offset in
Seconds from UTC
3 Router N×4 Router addresses
4 Time Server N×4 Timeserver addresses
5 Name Server N×4 IEN-116 Server addresses
6 Domain Server N×4 DNS Server addresses
7 Log Server N×4 Logging Server addresses
8 Quotes Server N×4 Quotes Server addresses
9 LPR Server N×4 Printer Server addresses
10 Impress Server N×4 Impress Server addresses
11 RLP Server N×4 N RLP Server addresses
12 Hostname N Hostname string
13 Boot File Size 2 Size of boot file in 512-octet
blocks
14 Merit Dump File N Client to dump and name
the file to dump it to
15 Domain Name N The DNS domain name of the
client
16 Swap Server 4 Swap Server address
17 Root Path N Path name for root disk
18 Extensions File N Path name for more BOOTP info

''IP Layer Parameters per Host:''

19 Forward On/Off 1 Enable/Disable IP Forwarding
20 SrcRte On/Off 1 Enable/Disable Non-Local Source Routing
21 Policy Filter N×8 Non-Local Source Routing Policy Filters
22 Max DG Assembly 2 Max Datagram Reassembly Size
23 Default IP TTL 1 Default IP Time to Live
24 MTU Timeout 4 Path MTU Aging Timeout
25 MTU Plateau N×2 Path MTU Plateau Table

''IP Layer Parameters per Interface:''

26 MTU Interface 2 Interface MTU Size
27 MTU Subnet 1 All Subnets are Local
28 Broadcast Address 4 Broadcast Address
29 Mask Discovery 1 Perform Mask Discovery
30 Mask Supplier 1 Provide Mask to Others
31 Router Discovery 1 Perform Router Discovery
32 Router Request 4 Router Solicitation Address
33 Static Route N×8 Static Routing Table

''Link Layer Parameters per Interface:''

34 Trailers 1 Trailer Encapsulation
35 ARP Timeout 4 ARP Cache Timeout
36 Ethernet 1 Ethernet Encapsulation

''TCP Parameters:''

37 Default TCP TTL 1 Default TCP Time to Live
38 Keepalive Time 4 TCP Keepalive Interval
39 Keepalive Data 1 TCP Keepalive Garbage

''Application and Service Parameters:''

40 NIS Domain N NIS Domain Name
41 NIS Servers N×4 NIS Server Addresses
42 NTP Servers N×4 NTP Server Addresses
43 Vendor Specific N Vendor Specific Information
44 NETBIOS Name Srv N×4 NETBIOS Name Servers
45 NETBIOS Dist Srv N×4 NETBIOS Datagram Distribution
46 NETBIOS Node Type 1 NETBIOS Node Type
47 NETBIOS Scope N NETBIOS Scope
48 X Window Font N×4 X Window Font Server
49 X Window Manager N×4 X Window Display Manager
64 NIS-Domain-Name N NIS+ v3 Client Domain Name
65 NIS-Server-Addr N×4 NIS+ v3 Server Addresses
68 Home-Agent-Addrs N×4 Mobile IP Home Agent Addresses
69 SMTP-Server N×4 Simple Mail Server Addresses
70 POP3-Server N×4 Post Office Server Addresses
71 NNTP-Server N×4 Network News Server Addresses
72 WWW-Server N×4 WWW Server Addresses
73 Finger-Server N×4 Finger Server Addresses
74 IRC-Server N×4 Chat Server Addresses
75 StreetTalk-Server N×4 StreetTalk Server Addresses
76 STDA-Server N×4 ST Directory Assist. Addresses

''DHCP Extensions:''

50 Address Request 4 Requested IP Address
51 Address Time 4 IP Address Lease Time
52 Option Overload 1 Overload "sname" or "file"
53 DHCP Msg Type 1 DHCP Message Type
54 DHCP Server Id 4 DHCP Server Identification
55 Parameter List N Parameter Request List
56 DHCP Message N DHCP Error Message
57 DHCP Max Msg Size 2 DHCP Maximum Message Size
58 Renewal Time 4 DHCP Renewal (T1) Time
59 Rebinding Time 4 DHCP Rebinding (T2) Time
60 Class Id N Vendor Class Identifier
61 Client Id N Client Identifier
66 Server-Name N TFTP Server Name
67 Bootfile-Name N Boot File Name

''Newer extensions:''

62 Netware/IP Domain N Netware/IP Domain Name
63 Netware/IP Option N Netware/IP sub Options
77 User-Class N User Class Information
78 Directory Agent N directory agent information
79 Service Scope N service location agent scope
80 Rapid Commit 0 Rapid Commit
81 Client FQDN N Fully Qualified Domain Name
82 Relay Agent Information N Relay Agent Information, RFC 3046
83 iSNS N Internet Storage Name Service
84 REMOVED/Unassigned
85 NDS Servers N Novell Directory Services
86 NDS Tree Name N Novell Directory Services
87 NDS Context N Novell Directory Services
88 BCMCS Controller Domain Name list
89 BCMCS Controller IPv4 address option
90 Authentication N Authentication
91-92 REMOVED/Unassigned
93 Client System N Client System Architecture
94 Client NDI N Client Network Device Interface
95 LDAP N Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
96 REMOVED/Unassigned
97 UUID/GUID N UUID/GUID-based Client Identifier
98 User-Auth N Open Group's User Authentication
99-111 REMOVED/Unassigned
112 Netinfo Address N NetInfo Parent Server Address
113 Netinfo Tag N NetInfo Parent Server Tag
114 URL N URL
115 REMOVED/Unassigned
116 Auto-Config N DHCP Auto-Configuration
117 Name Service Search N Name Service Search
118 Subnet Selection Option 4 Subnet Selection Option
119 Domain Search N DNS domain search list
120 SIP Servers DHCP Option N SIP Servers DHCP Option
121 Classless Static Route N Classless Static Route Option
Option
122 CCC N CableLabs Client Configuration
123 GeoConf Option 16 GeoConf Option
124 V-I Vendor Class Vendor-Identifying Vendor Class
125 V-I Vendor-Specific Vendor-Identifying Vendor-Specific
Information Information
126-127 Removed/Unassigned
128 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
128 Etherboot signature. 6 bytes: E4:45:74:68:00:00
128 DOCSIS "full security" server IP address
128 TFTP Server IP address (for IP Phone software load)
129 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
129 Kernel options. Variable length string
129 Call Server IP address
130 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
130 Ethernet interface. Variable length string.
130 Discrimination string (to identify vendor)
131 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
131 Remote statistics server IP address
132 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
132 802.1P VLAN ID
133 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
133 802.1Q L2 Priority
134 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
134 Diffserv Code Point
135 PXE - undefined (vendor specific) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
135 HTTP Proxy for phone-specific applications
136-149 Unassigned
150 TFTP server address (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
150 Etherboot
150 GRUB configuration path name
151-174 Unassigned
175 Etherboot (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
176 IP Telephone (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
177 Etherboot (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
177 PacketCable and CableHome (replaced by 122)
178-207 Unassigned
208 pxelinux.magic (string) = F1:00:74:7E (241.0.116.126) (Tentatively
Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
209 pxelinux.configfile (text) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
210 pxelinux.pathprefix (text) (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
211 pxelinux.reboottime (unsigned integer 32 bits) (Tentatively Assigned
- [[23 June]] [[2005]])
212-219 Unassigned
220 Subnet Allocation Option (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
221 Virtual Subnet Selection Option (Tentatively Assigned - [[23 June]] [[2005]])
222-223 Unassigned
224-254 Private Use

==See also==
*[[BOOTP]]
*[[RARP]]
*[[Udhcpc]] - light version for embedded systems
*[[Zeroconf]]
*[[Peg DHCP]] RFC 2322
*[[Rogue DHCP]]

==External links==
*RFC 2131 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
*RFC 2132 - DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions
*[http://www.bind9.net/rfc-dhcp DHCP RFC] - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC's (IETF)
*[http://www.windowsecurity.com/articles/DHCP-Security-Part1.html DHCP Server Security] - This article looks at the different types of threats faced by DHCP servers and counter-measures for mitigating these threats.
*RFC 4242 - Information Refresh Time Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
*[http://www.eventhelix.com/RealtimeMantra/Networking/DHCP.pdf DHCP Sequence Diagram] - This sequence diagram covers several scenarios of DHCP operation.
*RFC 3046, [http://www.odva.org/10_2/03_events/New-EtherNet/PUB0088R0%20ODVA%20DHCP%20Option%2082v2.pdf Recommended Operation for Switches Running Relay Agent and Option 82] describes how DHCP option 82 works
*RFC 4361 - Node-specific Client Identifiers for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four (DHCPv4)
*[http://support.microsoft.com/kb/169289 DHCP Protocol Messages] - A good description of the individual DHCP protocol messages.

[[Category:Internet protocols]]
[[Category:Internet standards]]
[[Category:Application layer protocols]]

[[af:DHCP]]
[[ar:بروتوكول التشكيل الدينامي]]
[[bs:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[cs:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[da:DHCP]]
[[de:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[et:Dünaamiline hostikonfiguratsiooni protokoll]]
[[el:DHCP]]
[[es:DHCP]]
[[eu:DHCP]]
[[fr:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[id:DHCP]]
[[it:DHCP]]
[[he:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[hu:DHCP]]
[[nl:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[ja:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[no:DHCP]]
[[pl:DHCP]]
[[pt:DHCP]]
[[ru:DHCP]]
[[simple:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[sk:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[sl:DHCP]]
[[fi:DHCP]]
[[sv:DHCP]]
[[th:Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol]]
[[tr:DHCP]]
[[uk:DHCP]]
[[zh:DHCP]]

Animal Crossing: Wild World

2007-04-24T15:47:26Z

Matthuxtable: /* Fossils, fish and bugs */ correct link - Nook's stores -> Nook's shop

{{Infobox CVG| title = Animal Crossing: Wild World
|image = [[Image:Animalcrossingdscover.jpg|250px|Game cover]]
|developer = [[Nintendo EAD]]
|publisher = [[Nintendo]]
|designer =
|engine =
|released = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[November 23]], [[2005]] {{flagicon|US}} [[December 5]], [[2005]] {{flagicon|Australia}} [[December 8]], [[2005]] {{flagicon|Europe}} [[March 31]], [[2006]]
|genre = [[Simulation game]], [[Communication Adventure]]
|modes = [[Single player]], [[multiplayer]], [[online multiplayer]]
|ratings = [[Computer Entertainment Rating Organization|CERO]]: All Ages [[Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]]: Everyone [[Office of Film and Literature Classification (Australia)|OFLC]]: G [[PEGI]]: 3+ [[USK]]: w/o restriction
|platforms = [[Nintendo DS]]
|media = Game Card
|requirements =
|input = [[D-Pad]], [[Game controller|buttons]], [[Touchscreen|touch screen]]
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Animal Crossing: Wild World''''', known in [[Japan]] as '''''Oideyo Dōbutsu no Mori'''''|おいでよどうぶつの森||lit. "Come to Animal Forest"}}, is a [[simulation game|life-simulation]] [[video game]] published and developed by [[Nintendo]] for the [[Nintendo DS]] handheld video game console. It was first released in [[Japan]] on [[November 23]], [[2005]], and was later released in [[North America]] on [[December 5]], [[2005]], in [[Australia]] on [[December 8]], [[2005]], and in [[Europe]] on [[March 31]], [[2006]].

''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' is the follow-up to the [[GameCube]] video game ''[[Animal Crossing (GameCube)|Animal Crossing]]'', a remake of the [[Nintendo 64]] video game ''[[Animal Forest]]''. It shares many similarities to its predecessor, but also features many changes. The most prominent change being the ability for the player to play with anyone in their country with a copy of this game using the [[Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection]].

==Gameplay==
''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' features a very minimal plot. The objective of the game is to pay off your debt to [[Characters in the Animal Crossing series#Tom Nook|Tom Nook]], who allows the player to move into one of his houses. While doing this, the player can do a variety of optional tasks, including interacting with other villagers and filling the catalog. ''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' is entirely [[linearity (computer and video games)|non-linear]] and does not require the player to pay off their [[mortgage]].

''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' makes use of several of the Nintendo DS' features, including the touch screen, dual screens, and internal clock. The touch screen is used for menu navigation and interacting with the surrounding area, including movement, using tools, talking to other villagers, entering buildings, picking up items, etc. The dual screens are used to display the overworld on the touch screen and the sky on the top screen, which varies depending on the circumstances. The internal clock is used to great extent; like the two previous games in the series, ''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' uses the internal clock so that the game can be played in real-time (or according to what time it is on the player's DS). The environment changes based on the time of day and the season; for instance, as it gets later in the evening, the sky goes from orange to pitch black, and the weather changes depending on what season it is on the calendar. The game also has events which take place on certain days, including "Yay Day" and the Flea Market.

==New elements==
Although ''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' is a follow up to 2002's ''[[Animal Crossing (GameCube game)|Animal Crossing]]'' for [[Nintendo GameCube]], it is not a [[sequel]] in the strictest sense. ''Wild World'' is very reminiscent of the original and contains the same basic premise and shops with some changes, such as an expanded museum that now contains an [[observatory]] and a [[café]] and the expanded [[List of Animal Crossing characters#Mabel and Sable Able|Able Sisters]]' tailor shop that now sells hats and other accessories. Flowers can now dry up and require watering whenever they turn brown, via a watering can, or automatically when it rains. The angle at which players view the town has also changed, as well as the removal of "acres", removing transitions between areas, and the towns are smaller in a sense. As a result, the world now moves in [[three-dimensional space]].
The script in 'Wild World' is also much bigger than the original's script. As a result there is less repeated dialogue from villagers, giving the game a more organic feel, also note that each villager has his or her own theme, and enjoys certain types of furniture.
The most notable addition to ''Wild World'' is the ability for players to visit other players' towns by exchanging "friend codes" and connecting with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.
Play control for the game has also been modified from the GameCube version to take advantage of the Nintendo DS' touch screen. Changes range from easier menu navigation and text entry to the ability to "wave" or "bow" at on screen characters simply by tapping them.

==Main Objectives==

There are several objectives in the game that the player can choose whether or not to complete. Below are the most common goals.

===House improvements===
A main goal in ''Wild World'' is to get bells, and decorating the player’s house and expanding its size by paying off each [[mortgage]] to [[List of Animal Crossing characters#Tom Nook|Tom Nook]], the local shopkeeper. Since, unlike in the original, all players share a single [[house]], each player can help pay off the mortgage. After the initial mortgage for the house is paid off, the player can choose to increase the size of the main room and add a second floor and three extra rooms on the main floor. In addition to expanding house size, a player may be motivated to decorate their home in a preferable manner to obtain a high "Happy Room Academy" (or HRA) rating. The HRA gives players a numerical rating based on their interior decorating skills. The rating is based on numerous factors; adding points for complete furniture themes and sets, and detracting points for furniture in unreachable locations and lack of neatness. The reward for having a high HRA score is to receive miniature model homes as placeable items in the player's house. Interestingly, the HRA reward items increase the player's HRA score. The 3 items are One Story Model, Two Story Model and Mansion Model.

Items to decorate the house with can be obtained in several ways. Tom Nook sells items at his store, changing his stock daily, and other businesspeople who visit the player's village will also sell their wares, such as [[List of Animal Crossing characters#Saharah|Saharah]] – a carpet and wallpaper saleswoman - and [[List of Animal Crossing characters#"Crazy" Redd|Redd]] – a specialist in black marketing rare furniture and paintings, genuine and fake. Items can be obtained for free at the lost and found, overseen by [[List of Animal Crossing characters#Booker|Booker]], and at the [[recycling bin]] at the Town Hall. Shaking trees also sometimes results in furniture and money falling out, and balloons carrying items can be shot down with a [[slingshot]]. Finally, running errands for the townsfolk, correctly guessing the answers to their quizzes, sending them things in exchange for others or sometimes just simply talking to them can result in them giving the player an item as a reward. These rewards can include; furniture of low or medium quality, Bells (The currency of the game) or wallpaper or carpet.

===Fossils, fish and bugs===
Another goal that the player can choose to pursue is that of collecting the [[fossils]], [[fish]] and [[Insect|bugs]] in the game. One of each species of bug and fish can be displayed at the [[museum]], run by the curator [[List of Animal Crossing characters#Blathers|Blathers]] (who, quite oddly, is deathly afraid of insects). Fossils will also be exhibited here, but must be identified first by Blathers. Fossils are found by digging where cracks appear in the ground with a [[shovel]]. Fish are caught with the use of a [[fishing rod]], pulling the rod up when the fish takes the bait, while bugs are caught with a [[Butterfly net|net]]. The availability of most specimens of fish and bug depends on the time of year, but can also depend on the time of day or night and the weather conditions. For example, you can get sharks and more bugs in the summer, in winter you can get dung beetles by rolling snow. After [[Blathers]] has identified a fossil, you can: give itto the [[museum]]; place it in your [[house]] as a decorative item or [[sell]] it to [[Tom Nook]] at his [[Animal Crossing: Wild World#Nook's shop|store]].

===Catalog===
Completing the catalog is a smaller goal in the game, though possibly one of the hardest. There are several categories in the catalog, including fossils, stationery and furniture. In total there are over 2000 items to collect, which is far more than in Animal Crossing for the [[Gamecube]]. Another thing that makes it harder to get furniture is the fact that there are no passwords to give to Tom Nook. Also animals cannot be asked for errands, rather, they will ask for an item to be delivered to another animal, or issue a challenge to catch a certain bug or fish.

You can view it the Catalog in Tom Nook's shop. There's a catch, however. You can only view your catalog in your own shop; if you attempt to look at it in a friend's town, Nook will mention that it is hard enough to keep up with the catalogs for the people in that town. This can make it harder to tell what items you already have when you're in somebody else's town.

== Other features ==

===Nook's shop===

The main store in your village is run by local merchant "Tom Nook" when you begin the store will be tiny and called "Nook's Cranny", it will only sell basic items. "Nook 'n' Go" is next after you spend 25,000 bells. Here you can get similar items but more are available at a time. "NookWay" will appear after you spend 65,000 bells. Here you can get the most items."Nookington's Department Store" is by far the best store and the last store anyone can get. You have to spend 240,000 bells and have another player (from another town) visit "Nookway" and buy something from it. "Nookington's" features two stories, the down stairs has a general store with all the tools, flowers, paper, medicine, and other things. There is a hair salon where you can change your hair for 3,000 bells. Upstairs is a furniture store with furniture, wall paper and carpets, and paint for your roof, it is run by "Timmy and Tommy".

===Able Sisters===
This store sells Clothes, designs, and Umbrellas for you. It does not upgrade. It is run by sisters "Mable" (the clerk) and "Sable" (the one at the back with a sewing machine), at first Sable ignores you but if you talk to her she will begin to be more friendly.You start to become Sable's friend. As you talk, she tells you many stories of her early life.

===Special items===
Some items are only obtainable by special means, such as getting a specific number of Happy Room Academy points or trading items with characters. These include models of the player's house and Tom Nook's various stores, Nintendo-themed items (items based on classic Nintendo games), such as a Mario coin, the [[Triforce]], and an [[Arwing]], and the golden tools (Golden Shovel, Golden Axe, Golden Net, Golden Rod, Golden Slingshot, and Golden Watering Can).

===Pictures and Paintings===

Every villager has a small, framed picture of themself that players can obtain as a gift from the villager after attaining a specific level of friendship with him or her. They are furniture items, therefore the player can use them to decorate their house. Each picture has a caption in the form of a quote from the villager,depending on their species, personality and, sometimes, their color. They help you remember people that have moved, and add a healthy bonus to your HRA score.

Crazy Redd sometimes sells paintings when he visits your town. These paintings are similar to the villager's pictures, but depict famous artworks (though they are only referred to by simple names, not their actual titles). These paintings are sometimes counterfeit. If the player has insurance from Lyle, he or she will be partially compensated if a fake picture is bought. If your picture is a fake, Blathers will refuse to accept it into the Museum's collections. Tom Nook can also identify whether your picture is a fake.

===Boondox===

Boondox is a town nearby the player's town (however, it cannot be visited) which is a poor town that you can donate to. It is said to be so poor that the residents are forced to eat grilled dirt (scrambled dirt, if they're lucky) without ketchup for every meal. Players can obtain different colored feathers by donating certain amounts of bells to the Boondox Flavor Fund. The feathers will be sent to the player's mailbox after they have donated enough. Boondox is also mentioned by surly residents of any town. There is some controversy over whether Boondox truly exists, as described by many of the villagers. There is a commonly recognized suspicion that it is something of Tortimer's creation, and that the money donated is actually kept by Tortimer and never used for any cause besides his buying himself expensive items. (Another theory is that, because villagers pay no taxes, the Boondox donations go towards maintaining the Town Hall or making Trophies).

===Music===
Music plays a part in the game, because [[List of Animal Crossing characters#K.K. Slider|K.K. Slider]] comes to The Roost every Saturday night to play a song. The player can request a song, but many songs are played randomly by K.K. Slider. K.K. can play many styles of music, ranging from country to rock. Some of his songs have been heard in other games, including Forest Life, which is a remix of the full theme from [[Animal Crossing (GameCube game)|Animal Crossing]] and K.K. Song (also known as [[Kazumi Totaka#Totaka's Song|Totaka's Song]]), a secret song that appears in many games the game's composer [[Kazumi Totaka]] has worked on, first appearing in [[X (Game Boy game)|X]]. It should be noted that like the original ''Animal Crossing'', the player does need to request the song. The music when the player is "outdoors", are really remixes of the title screen theme, just like the original ''Animal Crossing''. Also, when you type in the song you want, after you write K.K. ( depends on what type of song it is ) you need to put a space and then type the rest in.

===Mail===

Residents are encouraged to buy paper from Tom Nook and to write letters to the villagers. This is an important part of friendship with villagers which often results in them giving you their picture. There are 64 different paper designs, some of which can only be obtained by being written to by other villagers, such as Tom Nook paper, sent when an ordered item has arrived, and Tortimer paper, sent if your character wins a contest. There are also some types of stationary that can't be used such as the academy paper. Villagers will reply to your letters, which can be mailed at the Town Hall, and if you attach a present such as fruit, furniture or shells, you will usually receive furniture, carpet or wallpaper back. Sometimes, you may receive letters from 'Mom' who will write to tell you news from home. Occasionally 'Mom' may send you gifts, including non-native fruit. Villagers who are moving out will send you a final letter to say goodbye.

===Flowers and Trees===

Every Animal Crossing town has a native fruit tree. The fruits are pear, apple, orange, peach and cherry. Fruit will appear on roughly half the trees in town and can be sold to Tom Nook, sent as gifts with letters, or planted to grow another fruit tree. From time to time coconuts may wash up on the beaches and these can also be buried to grow further trees, though they must be planted by the sea for them to grow. Fruit trees have a much higher chance of growing successfully if they are planted in place of other trees which can be chopped down with the axe tool. Using the wi-fi connection you can get fruit from other towns to plant in your own town. You may also receive non-native fruit in the mail from 'Mom', or sometimes from other villagers. Non-fruit trees and cedar trees also grow in Animal Crossing, and can be bought from Tom Nook and planted.

Flowers which grow in Animal Crossing are varieties of tulip, rose, cosmos, and pansy. The flowers are usually red, white or yellow, though hybrids can be grown in pink, blue, orange, purple, black and gold by planting certain colors close together. Flowers will turn brown and will die if they are not watered when this happens. Flowers can also be destroyed by running over them, or pulling them up when they are brown. Dandelions also grow, in their yellow and white forms. Villagers will also plant 1-3 flowers every day during the Flower Fest, which is a week-long holiday that comes every second week in April.

There is also a rare flower named the Jacob's Ladder which is shown as a bluebell like plant which only appears if the player's town is perfect(one per day). They are considered to be flowers.

Weeds are represented by two long stalks of grass and can be pulled up when found, to improve the villagers' ratings for the town. There are also three and four leaf clovers which grow on grassy areas. These do not affect the town's rating.

==The Roost==
The Roost is a café where you can spend 200 bells for a cup of coffee or listen to [[K.K. Slider]] (Totakeke) on Saturday nights after 7:30 PM. [[Brewster]] is the pigeon that owns the roost. He is vehemently against letting your coffee cool before you drink it, and he will not let you leave without drinking it hot. Although initially taciturn, Brewster will reveal more about himself if you buy coffee there often. Many characters also make cameos at the cafe depending on the time of day.

==Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection==
''Animal Crossing: Wild World''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[Wi-Fi]] capabilities allow players to visit other players' villages no matter where they are in the world, assuming that access to a compatible wireless [[access point]] is available and that they are using a version of the game with a compatible language. For example, the [[Oceania]] and [[North America]] versions can connect locally and via Wi-Fi, but they cannot connect to a version from [[Japan]] due to a difference in [[character encoding]].<ref>AiboPet. [http://www.aibohack.com/nds/romsave.txt ROMSAVE.TXT - notes about the GameSave for the AC:WW game]. Accessed [[March 16]], [[2007]].</ref> Up to four players can be in an Animal Crossing: Wild World town both via local wireless or through Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. Connection to random players is not possible, as connection is made by the mutual entry of "friend codes." Animal Crossing is the most popular Nintendo DS Wi-Fi game (based on usage numbers).[http://www.nintendowifi.com/gaminghub/Gamehub.jsp]

===U.S. Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Gifts===
[[Image:Acww truletter.jpg|thumb|right|The letter from Katrina distributed during the Toys "R" Us giveaway]]
Nintendo gives away in-game items via the Wi-Fi Connection service. To get these items all you need to do is connect to Nintendo's Wi-Fi service on the day of the giveaway or before the next item is given away. Participating [[Toys "R" Us]] stores gave away twelve exclusive items from July 23, 2006 to August 1, 2006 using special Nintendo DS kiosk machines. These items were received from bottle mail.

==Problems==
On [[January 26]], [[2006]], an accident occurred relating to the Wi-Fi features. A few weeks prior, Nintendo sent out a free [[Mario]] Coin item from [[Satoru Iwata]] (the president of Nintendo) to all who connected to Wi-Fi while it was available. On the same day, a failed attempt to send a second exclusive item sent a blank letter to all who connected to Nintendo Wi-Fi before 5:00 PM. This letter contained the "glitched red tulip" item. This item could be planted in cement as a tree or, if put into the player's house, would create an invisible, irremovable wall. The item could be disposed of by planting it in the ground or selling it. On [[February 13]], 2006, Nintendo sent out a letter containing 1,000 bells and a humorous town bulletin board notice to apologize for the mistake.

==Sales information==


To date, ''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' has sold 7 million copies worldwide.<ref name="eurogamer">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=73917 |title=Live Report - GDC: Shigeru Miyamoto's keynote address |accessdate=2007-03-12 |publisher=[[Eurogamer]].com}}</ref>

On [[December 1]], [[2005]], [[Media Create]] stated that ''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' sold 325,466 copies in Japan in its first week of availability, beating the previous mark set by ''[[Jump! Superstars]]'' and becoming the best-selling title for the Nintendo DS [http://www.gamesarefun.com/news.php?newsid=5853] until the release of ''[[Touhoku Daigaku Mirai Kagaku Gijutsu Kyoudou Kenkyuu Center Kawashima Ryuuta Kyouju Kanshuu: Motto Nou wo Kitaeru Otona no DS Training]]''. The game also sold over 100,000 copies a week for 7 consecutive weeks, reaching 2,000,000 copies by [[March 5]], [[2006]]. As of [[May 8]] [[2006]], 3,000,000 copies have been shipped in Japan. [http://ds.ign.com/articles/708/708595p1.html]{{Fact|date=March 2007}}

In its first month of release, ''Animal Crossing: Wild World'' reached No.3 on the United Kingdom all formats sales chart and has achieved sustained sales success.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}

These strong sales have helped to establish ''Animal Crossing'' as one of Nintendo's key franchises.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}

==Reviews==
*[[1UP.com]] – 9.0/10
*[[Famitsu|Weekly Famitsu]] – 37/40
*[[Game Informer]] – 8.75/10
*[[GamePro]] – 3.5/5
*[[Game Rankings]] – 86.8%
*[[GameSpot]] – 8.4 (nominated for Gamespot's Best DS Game of 2005 and Funniest Game of the Year)
*[[GameSpy]] – 4.5/5
*[http://gamestyle.net/reviews.php?id=709 Gamestyle] – 7/10
*[[IGN]] – 8.8/10
*[[Metacritic]] – 85/100
*[[Rotten Tomatoes]] – 92% [http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/g/nintendo_ds/animal_crossing/]
*[[ONM]] – 95% (Nintendo Gold Award)
*[[X-Play]] - 4/5

==Awards==
*'''[[IGN]]''' Editors' Choice Award<ref name="IGN">{{cite web |url=http://ds.ign.com/index/choice.html |title=IGN Editors' Choice Games |accessdate=2007-03-12 |publisher=[[IGN]].com}}</ref>
*'''IGN''' 2005 Game of the Year Awards - Best Online Game (DS)<ref name="ign2005">{{cite web |url=http://bestof.ign.com/2005/ds/13.html |title=IGN.com presents The Best of 2005 |accessdate=2007-03-12 |publisher=[[IGN]].com}}</ref>
*'''[[Parents' Choice]]''' Videogame Award 2006<ref name="Parents Choice">{{cite web |url=http://www.parents-choice.org/get_direct_indiv.cfm?cat=c_vga&awdyr=2006&award=xx |title=Parent's Choice Videogame Award 2006 |accessdate=2007 |publisher=[[Parents' Choice|Parents-Choice]].org}}</ref>

==References==
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>

==External links==



; Official sites
* [http://www.animal-crossing.com/wildworld/ Official Animal Crossing: Wild World Website]
* {{nintendo.com|id=cd055a64-9a87-421e-8a00-cf13feb0569a|title=Animal Crossing: Wild World}}
* [http://www.nintendowifi.com/gaminghub/AnimalCrossingGamingHub.jsp Official Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection Site]
* [http://media.nintendo.com/mediaFiles/vMHxtE_oTDbGZPUCETJptXBwj8czXOh5.pdf Animal Crossing: Wild World instruction manual (PDF)]

; Interviews and media
* [http://portables.p-nintendo.com/articles/I-89-2.html Interview with Jim Merrick, Nintendo of Europe] at ''Puissance-Nintendo''
* {{moby game|id=/animal-crossing-wild-world|name=Animal Crossing: Wild World''}}
* [http://www.1up.com/do/previewPage?pager.offset=0&cId=3145362 1up's article about AC:WW]
* [http://media.ds.ign.com/media/682/682878/vids_1.html AC:WW gameplay videos on IGN]

;{{Animal Crossing series}}

[[Category:Animal Crossing]]
[[Category:Nintendo Wi-Fi games]]
[[Category:2005 video games]]
[[Category:DS-only games]]
[[Category:Touch! Generations]]
[[Category:Multiplayer online games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Japan]]

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