Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Alpha and beta carbon

2021-10-07T23:24:08Z

ModicumOfMethod: corrected typo.

[[Image:Alpha and beta positions of benzylacetone-structure.svg|thumb|Alpha and beta carbons in the [[skeletal formula]] of [[benzylacetone]]. The [[carbonyl]] has two β-hydrogens and five α-hydrogens.]]
The '''alpha carbon''' ('''Cα''') in [[organic molecules]] refers to the first [[carbon]] [[atom]] that attaches to a [[functional group]], such as a [[carbonyl]]. The second carbon atom is called the '''beta carbon''' ('''Cβ'''),{{ref|Hackhb}} and the system continues naming in order with [[Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering|Greek letters]].

The [[nomenclature]] can also be applied to the [[hydrogen]] atoms attached to the carbon atoms. A hydrogen atom attached to an alpha carbon atom is called an '''alpha-hydrogen''' atom, a hydrogen atom on the beta-carbon atom is a '''beta hydrogen''' atom, and so on.

This naming standard may not be in compliance with [[IUPAC nomenclature]], which encourages that carbons be identified by number, not by Greek letter, but it nonetheless remains very popular, in particular because it is useful in identifying the relative location of carbon atoms to other functional groups.

Organic molecules with more than one functional group can be a source of confusion. Generally the functional group responsible for the name or type of the molecule is the 'reference' group for purposes of carbon-atom naming. For example, the molecules [[nitrostyrene]] and [[phenethylamine]] are quite similar; the former can even be [[redox|reduced]] into the latter. However, nitrostyrene's α-carbon atom is adjacent to the [[phenyl]] group; in phenethylamine this same carbon atom is the β-carbon atom, as phenethylamine (being an amine rather than a styrene) counts its atoms from the opposite "end" of the molecule.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/nomenclature.htm
|title=Nomenclature
|work=Ask Dr. Shulgin Online
|access-date=August 5, 2010}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Beta-nitrostyrene.svg|Nitrostyrene
File:Fenyloetyloamina.svg|Phenethylamine
</gallery>

==Examples==
[[File:Butyric acid carbons 2.svg|250px|thumb|[[Skeletal formula]] of [[butyric acid]] with the alpha, beta, and gamma carbons marked|alt=Skeletal formula of butyric acid with the alpha, beta, and gamma carbons marked]]
===Proteins and amino acids===
Alpha-carbon (α-carbon) is also a term that applies to [[protein]]s and [[amino acid]]s. It is the backbone carbon before the carbonyl carbon atom in the molecule. Therefore, reading along the backbone of a typical protein would give a sequence of –[N—Cα—carbonyl C]n– etc. (when reading in the N to C direction). The α-carbon is where the different substituents attach to each different amino acid. That is, the groups hanging off the chain at the α-carbon are what give amino acids their diversity. These groups give the α-carbon its [[stereogenic]] properties for every amino acid except for [[glycine]]. Therefore, the α-carbon is a [[stereocenter]] for every amino acid except glycine. Glycine also does not have a β-carbon, while every other amino acid does.

The α-carbon of an amino acid is significant in [[protein folding]]. When describing a protein, which is a chain of amino acids, one often approximates the location of each amino acid as the location of its α-carbon. In general, α-carbons of adjacent amino acids in a protein are about 3.8 [[ångström]]s (380 [[picometer]]s) apart.

===Enols and enolates===
The α-carbon is important for enol- and [[enolate]]-based [[carbonyl]] chemistry as well. Chemical transformations affected by the conversion to either an enolate or an enol, in general, lead to the α-carbon acting as a [[nucleophile]], becoming, for example, [[alkylated]] in the presence of primary [[haloalkane]]. An exception is in reaction with [[silyl]] [[chlorosilane|chlorides]], [[bromide]]s, and [[iodide]]s, where the [[oxygen]] acts as the nucleophile to produce [[silyl enol ether]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
#{{note|Hackha}} ''Hackh's Chemical Dictionary'', 1969, page 30.
#{{note|Hackhb}} ''Hackh's Chemical Dictionary'', 1969, page 95.

==External links==
*{{Commonscatinline}}

[[Category:Organic chemistry]]

Bełchatów Power Station

2021-08-13T09:27:18Z

ModicumOfMethod: realized info was partly already there, corrected previous change.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Bełchatów Power Station
| name_official = Elektrownia Bełchatów
| image = Rogowiec, Elektrownia Bełchatów - fotopolska.eu (262556).jpg
| image_caption = Bełchatów Power Station
| coordinates = {{coord|51|15|59|N|19|19|50|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = Poland
| location = [[Bełchatów]], [[Łódź Voivodeship]]
| status = Operational
| construction_began =
| commissioned = 1982
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| owner = [[Polska Grupa Energetyczna|PGE]]
| operator = PGE GiEK – Elektrownia Bełchatów
| employees =
| th_fuel_primary = [[Lignite]]
| th_fuel_secondary = 
| th_fuel_tertiary = 
| ps_units_operational = 11 x 370/380 MW 1 x 858 MW
| ps_units_manu_model =
| th_combined_cycle =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 5,102 [[Megawatt|MW]]<ref name=capacity>{{Citation|title=Moc osiągalna w Elektrowni Bełchatów wzrosła do 5 472 MW|url=https://elbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/Aktualnosci/Moc-Elektrowni-Belchatow-wzrosla-do-5-472-MW|accessdate=2017-03-20}}</ref>
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| ps_annual_generation = 27–28 TWh
| website = {{url|elbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/}}
}}
[[File:Bełchatów Elektrownia.jpg|thumb|Bełchatów Power Station view at the top]]
[[File:Bełchatów Power Plant.jpg|thumb|Bełchatów Power Plant]]
The '''Bełchatów Power Station''' is a [[coal-fired power station]] near [[Bełchatów]], Poland. It is the largest [[thermal power station]] in Europe and the world's most carbon polluting. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} The power station is owned and operated by PGE GiEK Oddział Elektrownia Bełchatów, a subsidiary of [[Polska Grupa Energetyczna]].

In 2011, a new 858 MW unit was commissioned increasing the total capacity of the power to 5,053 MW.<ref name=eb>{{Citation|title=Elektrownia Bełchatów pełną mocą|url=http://www.elbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/index.php/2011/08/04/5053-mw-z-elektrowni-belchatow|accessdate=2011-08-07}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new unit has an efficiency rating of approximately 42%, contributed to reduction of both fuel consumption and emissions compared to the older units.<ref name=powerengineering>{{Cite news| title = Cooling flue gas to maximize power plant efficiency| first = Martin| last = Brück| work = Power Engineering International| url = http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledisplay/369245/articles/power-engineering-international/volume-17/issue-8/features/cooling-flue-gas-to-maximize-power-plant-efficiency.html| publisher = [[PennWell Corporation]]| accessdate = 2010-06-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100625125416/http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledisplay/369245/articles/power-engineering-international/volume-17/issue-8/features/cooling-flue-gas-to-maximize-power-plant-efficiency.html| archive-date = 25 June 2010| url-status = dead}}</ref> The unit was built by [[Alstom]].<ref name="alstom080409">{{cite press release|title=Alstom signs a €160 million contract with PGE to modernise the Bełchatów power plant in Poland|url=http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+signs+a+%E2%82%AC160+million+contract+with+pge+to+modernise+the+be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w+power+plant+in+poland_28932.html|publisher=[[Alstom]]|date=8 April 2009|accessdate=2010-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330152542/http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+signs+a+%E2%82%AC160+million+contract+with+pge+to+modernise+the+be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w+power+plant+in+poland_28932.html|archive-date=30 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alstom also modernized the low pressure parts in all 12 turbines and, in 2009, PGE and Alstom signed a contract to modernise unit 6.<ref name=alstom080409/> After modernization of other units, the total installed capacity reached 5,420 MW in 2015.<ref name=capacity /> In 2017, the electrical capacity of Elektrownia Bełchatow was increased to 5,472 MW. The plant's current achievable capacity is 5,102 MW. In the second half of 2019, the achievable capacity was reduced due to the decommissioning of the oldest unit (unit No 1).

The station's flue gas is vented through two {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall chimneys, among [[List of tallest structures in Poland|Poland's tallest]] free-standing structures. [[Lignite]] (brown coal) for the plant is provided by a large neighboring strip mine [[Bełchatów Coal Mine|Bełchatów coal mine]].

The building of the power station itself has a height of 118 metres, a length of 740 metres and a width of 117 metres.

== Carbon dioxide emissions ==
The plant is estimated to have been the coal-fired power plant which emitted the most carbon dioxide in 2018 at 37,6 million tons, and relative emissions are estimated at 1.756 kg per [[kWh]]. The plant releases each year mor carbon dioxide than the entire country of Switzerland.<ref name=Grant2021>{{Cite journal|last=Grant|first=Don |last2=Zelinka|first2=David |last3=Mitova|first3=Stefania |date=2021|title=Reducing CO2 emissions by targeting the world’s hyper-polluting power plants|url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1 |journal=Environmental Research Letters|language=en|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1|issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Alex |title=Just 5 Percent of Power Plants Release 73 Percent of Global Electricity Production Emissions |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/five-percent-power-plants-release-73-percent-global-electricity-production-emissions-180978355/ |website=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210806072805/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/five-percent-power-plants-release-73-percent-global-electricity-production-emissions-180978355/ |archive-date=6 August 2021 |language=en |date=4 August 2021 |quote=The power plant with the highest greenhouse gas emissions is the 27-year-old Bełchatów plant in Poland. The plant produces 20 percent of Poland’s electricity |url-status=live}}</ref>

To reduce CO2 emissions, the company had planned to introduce [[carbon capture and storage]] technology. In 2008, PGE and Alstom signed a memorandum of understanding, according to which Alstom would design and construct a pilot carbon capture plant at Unit 12 by mid-2011. The larger carbon capture plant was to be integrated with the new 858 MW unit by 2015.<ref name=alstom081208>{{cite press release |title = Alstom teams up with PGE Elektrownia Bełchatów to reduce CO2 output in Poland |url = http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+teams+up+with+pge+elektrownia+belchatow+to+reduce+co2+output+in+poland_17726.html
|publisher = [[Alstom]] |date = 8 December 2008 |accessdate = 2010-06-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120330152602/http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+teams+up+with+pge+elektrownia+belchatow+to+reduce+co2+output+in+poland_17726.html |archive-date = 30 March 2012 |url-status = dead}}</ref> The project failed to receive a European Commission grant for €180 million allocation from the European Energy Programme for Recovery,<ref name=eerp>{{cite web| title = List of 15 energy projects for European economic recovery
| url = http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/09/542&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en | publisher = [[European Commission]]| date = 9 December 2009| accessdate = 2010-06-20}}</ref><ref name=powerengineering071009>{{Cite news| title = EU lines up funding for six carbon capture projects| date = 7 October 2009| work = Power Engineering International| url = http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledisplay.articles.powergenworldwide.coal-generation.coal-generation-equipment.2009.10.eu-lines-up-funding-for-six-carbon-capture-projects.QP129867.dcmp=rss.page=1.html| publisher = [[PennWell Corporation]]| accessdate = 2010-06-20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and was cancelled in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last1=STEFANINI|first1=SARA |title=Green Coal in the Red|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/paperthe-eus-failed-ccs-ambitions/ |website=Politico|date=21 May 2015|publisher=Politico|accessdate=21 November 2017}}</ref>

== Future ==
In September 2020, the District Court in Łódź obliged PGE GiEK and ClientEarth to settlement talks regarding the reduction of the environmental and climate impact of the Bełchatów Power Plant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=KRO|title=Elektrownia Bełchatów. Sąd nakazał rozmowy o ograniczeniu jej szkodliwości na środowisko|url=https://www.money.pl/gielda/elektrownia-belchatow-sad-nakazal-rozmowy-o-ograniczeniu-jej-szkodliwosci-na-srodowisko-6557517409688448a.html|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.money.pl|language=pl-PL}}</ref>

On October 19, 2020, PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna published the Group's new strategy<ref>{{Cite web|last=S.A|first=PGE Systemy|title=Grupa - Strategia|url=https://www.gkpge.pl/relacje-inwestorskie/Grupa/strategia-grupy-pge|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.gkpge.pl|language=pl-PL}}</ref> until 2030 with an outlook until 2050. The company presented the Group's transformation plan and the way to decarbonise production, and announced the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web|last=S.A|first=PGE Systemy|title=Press center - Press releases - Corporate - PGE Group's strategy: climate neutrality in 2050|url=https://www.gkpge.pl/press-center/press-releases/corporate/strategia-grupy-pge-neutralnosc-klimatyczna-w-2050-roku|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.gkpge.pl|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The PGE project "Just transformation of the Bełchatów complex" initially includes the following projects: PV farms, wind farms and a thermal waste treatment installation with energy recovery - it will be the first stage of works on a just transformation for the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raporty – Zielona Transformacja|url=https://belchatow2050.pl/category/wiedza/raporty/|access-date=2020-11-20|language=pl-PL}}</ref>

In June 2021 local authorities published a plan subject to public consultation that would see the plant decommissioned by 2036, with support from the [[Just Transition]] fund.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/09/poland-to-close-belchatow-europe-most-polluting-power-plant-by-2036 |website= [[TheGuardian.com]] |title= Poland to close Europe's most polluting power plant by 2036 |date= 2021-06-09 |access-date= 2021-06-09}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Poland|Energy}}
* [[List of largest power stations]]
* [[List of least carbon efficient power stations]]
* [[List of coal power stations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bełchatów power station}}
* [http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b6131 Bełchatów Unit 1–6, ''skyscraperpage.com''.]
* [http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b6133 Bełchatów Unit 7–12, ''skyscraperpage.com''.]

{{Supertall chimneys}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Belchatow Power Station}}
[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Poland]]
[[Category:Bełchatów County]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Łódź Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bełchatów|Power Station]]

Bełchatów Power Station

2021-08-13T09:23:29Z

ModicumOfMethod: added details on CO2 emissions

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Bełchatów Power Station
| name_official = Elektrownia Bełchatów
| image = Rogowiec, Elektrownia Bełchatów - fotopolska.eu (262556).jpg
| image_caption = Bełchatów Power Station
| coordinates = {{coord|51|15|59|N|19|19|50|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| country = Poland
| location = [[Bełchatów]], [[Łódź Voivodeship]]
| status = Operational
| construction_began =
| commissioned = 1982
| decommissioned =
| cost =
| owner = [[Polska Grupa Energetyczna|PGE]]
| operator = PGE GiEK – Elektrownia Bełchatów
| employees =
| th_fuel_primary = [[Lignite]]
| th_fuel_secondary = 
| th_fuel_tertiary = 
| ps_units_operational = 11 x 370/380 MW 1 x 858 MW
| ps_units_manu_model =
| th_combined_cycle =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 5,102 [[Megawatt|MW]]<ref name=capacity>{{Citation|title=Moc osiągalna w Elektrowni Bełchatów wzrosła do 5 472 MW|url=https://elbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/Aktualnosci/Moc-Elektrowni-Belchatow-wzrosla-do-5-472-MW|accessdate=2017-03-20}}</ref>
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| ps_annual_generation = 27–28 TWh
| website = {{url|elbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/}}
}}
[[File:Bełchatów Elektrownia.jpg|thumb|Bełchatów Power Station view at the top]]
[[File:Bełchatów Power Plant.jpg|thumb|Bełchatów Power Plant]]
The '''Bełchatów Power Station''' is a [[coal-fired power station]] near [[Bełchatów]], Poland. It is the largest [[thermal power station]] in Europe and the world's most carbon polluting. It produces 27–28 TWh of electricity per year, or 20% of the total power generation in Poland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}} The power station is owned and operated by PGE GiEK Oddział Elektrownia Bełchatów, a subsidiary of [[Polska Grupa Energetyczna]].

In 2011, a new 858 MW unit was commissioned increasing the total capacity of the power to 5,053 MW.<ref name=eb>{{Citation|title=Elektrownia Bełchatów pełną mocą|url=http://www.elbelchatow.pgegiek.pl/index.php/2011/08/04/5053-mw-z-elektrowni-belchatow|accessdate=2011-08-07}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The new unit has an efficiency rating of approximately 42%, contributed to reduction of both fuel consumption and emissions compared to the older units.<ref name=powerengineering>{{Cite news| title = Cooling flue gas to maximize power plant efficiency| first = Martin| last = Brück| work = Power Engineering International| url = http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledisplay/369245/articles/power-engineering-international/volume-17/issue-8/features/cooling-flue-gas-to-maximize-power-plant-efficiency.html| publisher = [[PennWell Corporation]]| accessdate = 2010-06-20| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100625125416/http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledisplay/369245/articles/power-engineering-international/volume-17/issue-8/features/cooling-flue-gas-to-maximize-power-plant-efficiency.html| archive-date = 25 June 2010| url-status = dead}}</ref> The unit was built by [[Alstom]].<ref name="alstom080409">{{cite press release|title=Alstom signs a €160 million contract with PGE to modernise the Bełchatów power plant in Poland|url=http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+signs+a+%E2%82%AC160+million+contract+with+pge+to+modernise+the+be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w+power+plant+in+poland_28932.html|publisher=[[Alstom]]|date=8 April 2009|accessdate=2010-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330152542/http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+signs+a+%E2%82%AC160+million+contract+with+pge+to+modernise+the+be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w+power+plant+in+poland_28932.html|archive-date=30 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alstom also modernized the low pressure parts in all 12 turbines and, in 2009, PGE and Alstom signed a contract to modernise unit 6.<ref name=alstom080409/> After modernization of other units, the total installed capacity reached 5,420 MW in 2015.<ref name=capacity /> In 2017, the electrical capacity of Elektrownia Bełchatow was increased to 5,472 MW. The plant's current achievable capacity is 5,102 MW. In the second half of 2019, the achievable capacity was reduced due to the decommissioning of the oldest unit (unit No 1).

The station's flue gas is vented through two {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall chimneys, among [[List of tallest structures in Poland|Poland's tallest]] free-standing structures. [[Lignite]] (brown coal) for the plant is provided by a large neighboring strip mine [[Bełchatów Coal Mine|Bełchatów coal mine]].

The building of the power station itself has a height of 118 metres, a length of 740 metres and a width of 117 metres.

== Carbon dioxide emissions ==
The plant is estimated to have been the coal-fired power plant which emitted the most carbon dioxide in 2018 at 37,6 million tons, and relative emissions are estimated at 1.756 kg per [[kWh]].<ref name=Grant2021>{{Cite journal|last=Grant|first=Don |last2=Zelinka|first2=David |last3=Mitova|first3=Stefania |date=2021|title=Reducing CO2 emissions by targeting the world’s hyper-polluting power plants|url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1 |journal=Environmental Research Letters|language=en|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1|issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Alex |title=Just 5 Percent of Power Plants Release 73 Percent of Global Electricity Production Emissions |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/five-percent-power-plants-release-73-percent-global-electricity-production-emissions-180978355/ |website=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210806072805/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/five-percent-power-plants-release-73-percent-global-electricity-production-emissions-180978355/ |archive-date=6 August 2021 |language=en |date=4 August 2021 |quote=The power plant with the highest greenhouse gas emissions is the 27-year-old Bełchatów plant in Poland. The plant produces 20 percent of Poland’s electricity |url-status=live}}</ref>

To reduce CO2 emissions, the company had planned to introduce [[carbon capture and storage]] technology. In 2008, PGE and Alstom signed a memorandum of understanding, according to which Alstom would design and construct a pilot carbon capture plant at Unit 12 by mid-2011. The larger carbon capture plant was to be integrated with the new 858 MW unit by 2015.<ref name=alstom081208>{{cite press release |title = Alstom teams up with PGE Elektrownia Bełchatów to reduce CO2 output in Poland |url = http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+teams+up+with+pge+elektrownia+belchatow+to+reduce+co2+output+in+poland_17726.html
|publisher = [[Alstom]] |date = 8 December 2008 |accessdate = 2010-06-20 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120330152602/http://www.yourindustrynews.com/alstom+teams+up+with+pge+elektrownia+belchatow+to+reduce+co2+output+in+poland_17726.html |archive-date = 30 March 2012 |url-status = dead}}</ref> The project failed to receive a European Commission grant for €180 million allocation from the European Energy Programme for Recovery,<ref name=eerp>{{cite web| title = List of 15 energy projects for European economic recovery
| url = http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/09/542&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en | publisher = [[European Commission]]| date = 9 December 2009| accessdate = 2010-06-20}}</ref><ref name=powerengineering071009>{{Cite news| title = EU lines up funding for six carbon capture projects| date = 7 October 2009| work = Power Engineering International| url = http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledisplay.articles.powergenworldwide.coal-generation.coal-generation-equipment.2009.10.eu-lines-up-funding-for-six-carbon-capture-projects.QP129867.dcmp=rss.page=1.html| publisher = [[PennWell Corporation]]| accessdate = 2010-06-20}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and was cancelled in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last1=STEFANINI|first1=SARA |title=Green Coal in the Red|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/paperthe-eus-failed-ccs-ambitions/ |website=Politico|date=21 May 2015|publisher=Politico|accessdate=21 November 2017}}</ref>

Bełchatów Power Station currently is the single most polluting plant in the world, in terms of total volume of CO2 emissions, releasing each year more carbon dioxide than the entire country of Switzerland. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Grant|first=Don|last2=Zelinka|first2=David|last3=Mitova|first3=Stefania|date=2021|title=Reducing CO2 emissions by targeting the world’s hyper-polluting power plants|url=http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1|journal=Environmental Research Letters|language=en|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1|issn=1748-9326}}</ref>

== Future ==
In September 2020, the District Court in Łódź obliged PGE GiEK and ClientEarth to settlement talks regarding the reduction of the environmental and climate impact of the Bełchatów Power Plant.<ref>{{Cite web|last=KRO|title=Elektrownia Bełchatów. Sąd nakazał rozmowy o ograniczeniu jej szkodliwości na środowisko|url=https://www.money.pl/gielda/elektrownia-belchatow-sad-nakazal-rozmowy-o-ograniczeniu-jej-szkodliwosci-na-srodowisko-6557517409688448a.html|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.money.pl|language=pl-PL}}</ref>

On October 19, 2020, PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna published the Group's new strategy<ref>{{Cite web|last=S.A|first=PGE Systemy|title=Grupa - Strategia|url=https://www.gkpge.pl/relacje-inwestorskie/Grupa/strategia-grupy-pge|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.gkpge.pl|language=pl-PL}}</ref> until 2030 with an outlook until 2050. The company presented the Group's transformation plan and the way to decarbonise production, and announced the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web|last=S.A|first=PGE Systemy|title=Press center - Press releases - Corporate - PGE Group's strategy: climate neutrality in 2050|url=https://www.gkpge.pl/press-center/press-releases/corporate/strategia-grupy-pge-neutralnosc-klimatyczna-w-2050-roku|access-date=2020-11-20|website=www.gkpge.pl|language=en-GB}}</ref>

The PGE project "Just transformation of the Bełchatów complex" initially includes the following projects: PV farms, wind farms and a thermal waste treatment installation with energy recovery - it will be the first stage of works on a just transformation for the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raporty – Zielona Transformacja|url=https://belchatow2050.pl/category/wiedza/raporty/|access-date=2020-11-20|language=pl-PL}}</ref>

In June 2021 local authorities published a plan subject to public consultation that would see the plant decommissioned by 2036, with support from the [[Just Transition]] fund.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/09/poland-to-close-belchatow-europe-most-polluting-power-plant-by-2036 |website= [[TheGuardian.com]] |title= Poland to close Europe's most polluting power plant by 2036 |date= 2021-06-09 |access-date= 2021-06-09}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Poland|Energy}}
* [[List of largest power stations]]
* [[List of least carbon efficient power stations]]
* [[List of coal power stations]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bełchatów power station}}
* [http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b6131 Bełchatów Unit 1–6, ''skyscraperpage.com''.]
* [http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b6133 Bełchatów Unit 7–12, ''skyscraperpage.com''.]

{{Supertall chimneys}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Belchatow Power Station}}
[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Poland]]
[[Category:Bełchatów County]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Łódź Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bełchatów|Power Station]]