Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-10-05T22:53:29Z

Notjamesbond:

{{Short description|Graffiti artist duo}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = How & Nosm
| honorific_suffix = [[Tats Cru|TATS CRU]]
| image = Mural ArtPark Tegel HowNosm Berlin 01.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Mural by the duo in [[Tegel]], [[Berlin]]
| birth_date = Raoul Perré<br>{{birth year and age|1975}}<br>[[San Sebastián]], [[Francoist Spain]] <hr> Davide Perré<br>{{birth year and age|1975}}<br>San Sebastián, Francoist Spain
| alma_mater =
| criminal_charges =
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| children =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_type = Tag
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = {{Official website|http://www.howandnosm.com/}}
}}
'''Raoul Perré''' and '''Davide Perré''' ({{aka}} How and Nosm respectively) are twin [[graffiti]] artists from [[New York City]]. They are both members of [[the Bronx]]-based graffiti crew, [[TATS CRU]] aka "The Mural Kings."<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/>

Born in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] of [[San Sebastián]], Spain, both grew up in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]] and began doing graffiti in 1988.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63 Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 6, 2003). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref> They spent their late teenage years traveling the world painting walls and trains with each other.<ref>[http://www.graffiti.org/ral/ Art Crimes Interview] Brett Webb (November, 2001). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref> While visiting New York City in 1997, both were asked to become members of TATS CRU, and permanently relocated to New York City shortly thereafter in 1999.<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/>
== Early Life and Background ==
Raoul and Davide Perré were born in [[San Sebastián]], in the Basque region of Spain, before moving to Germany at a young age. They spent their formative years in [[Düsseldorf]], where they began experimenting with graffiti in the late 1980s. Their early work involved tagging and painting trains and walls illegally, which later evolved into more elaborate murals and legal projects.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm">{{cite web
|title=How and Nosm
|url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm
|website=The Culture Crush
|access-date=5 October 2025
|language=en
|quote=Interview with the artists How and Nosm discussing their background, artistic approach, and career.
}}</ref>
<ref name="HowNosmPodcast">{{cite web
| title = The World of How and Nosm: “Just don’t call it street art” (podcast episode)
| website = On The Air / The Culture Crush
| date = 18 June 2015
| url = https://theculturecrush.podbean.com/e/just-dont-call-it-street-art/
| access-date = 5 October 2025
| format = Podcast
}}</ref>

== Career ==
The twins first visited [[New York City]] in 1997, drawn by the city’s reputation as the "Mecca of graffiti." Their initial connections in the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York graffiti scene]] were facilitated by a visit to Fat Joe’s store in the South Bronx, where they met Brim, a founder of [[TATS CRU]]. Impressed by their work, Brim introduced them to other key members of the crew, including Bio, BG, and Nicer.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /> After several collaborative projects, How and Nosm were invited to join TATS CRU and began representing the crew in Europe before relocating permanently to New York in 1999.
With TATS CRU, How and Nosm participated in numerous mural projects, both commercial and community-based, across the United States and internationally. Their work has included large-scale murals for corporate clients as well as independent artistic endeavors.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /><ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />
== Artistic Style ==
How and Nosm are known for their distinctive, highly detailed murals characterized by intricate line work, limited color palettes (often red, black, and white), and complex, interconnected forms. While their roots are in graffiti, they have expanded their practice to include fine art, creating paintings on canvas and exhibiting in galleries worldwide. They often collaborate on pieces, seamlessly blending their individual contributions into unified works.
== Major Projects ==
Among their most notable projects is a planned 354-foot-tall mural in Detroit, which, upon completion, would be the tallest mural in the world. They have also worked on commercial murals in major cities such as Atlanta, Chicago, and Los Angeles, and have exhibited their fine art in galleries and museums.<ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />
== Community Outreach ==
How and Nosm are committed to community engagement and regularly participate in outreach projects. They have conducted workshops and collaborative mural projects with children and youth in underserved communities, including work in Palestine, the Jordan Valley, and the South Bronx. Their outreach efforts aim to provide positive creative outlets and inspire the next generation of artists.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /><ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />

== References ==

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-10-05T22:50:09Z

Notjamesbond:

{{Short description|Graffiti artist duo}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = How & Nosm
| honorific_suffix = [[Tats Cru|TATS CRU]]
| image = Mural ArtPark Tegel HowNosm Berlin 01.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Mural by the duo in [[Tegel]], [[Berlin]]
| birth_date = Raoul Perré<br>{{birth year and age|1975}}<br>[[San Sebastián]], [[Francoist Spain]] <hr> Davide Perré<br>{{birth year and age|1975}}<br>San Sebastián, Francoist Spain
| alma_mater =
| criminal_charges =
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| children =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_type = Tag
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = {{Official website|http://www.howandnosm.com/}}
}}
'''Raoul Perré''' and '''Davide Perré''' ({{aka}} How and Nosm respectively) are twin [[graffiti]] artists from [[New York City]]. They are both members of [[the Bronx]]-based graffiti crew, [[TATS CRU]] aka "The Mural Kings."<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/>

Born in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] of [[San Sebastián]], Spain, both grew up in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]] and began doing graffiti in 1988.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63 Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 6, 2003). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref> They spent their late teenage years traveling the world painting walls and trains with each other.<ref>[http://www.graffiti.org/ral/ Art Crimes Interview] Brett Webb (November, 2001). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref> While visiting New York City in 1997, both were asked to become members of TATS CRU, and permanently relocated to New York City shortly thereafter in 1999.<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/>
== Early Life and Background ==
Raoul and Davide Perré were born in San Sebastián, in the Basque region of Spain, before moving to Germany at a young age. They spent their formative years in Düsseldorf, where they began experimenting with graffiti in the late 1980s. Their early work involved tagging and painting trains and walls illegally, which later evolved into more elaborate murals and legal projects.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm">{{cite web
|title=How and Nosm
|url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm
|website=The Culture Crush
|access-date=5 October 2025
|language=en
|quote=Interview with the artists How and Nosm discussing their background, artistic approach, and career.
}}</ref>
<ref name="HowNosmPodcast">{{cite web
| title = The World of How and Nosm: “Just don’t call it street art” (podcast episode)
| website = On The Air / The Culture Crush
| date = 18 June 2015
| url = https://theculturecrush.podbean.com/e/just-dont-call-it-street-art/
| access-date = 5 October 2025
| format = Podcast
}}</ref>

== Career ==
The twins first visited New York City in 1997, drawn by the city’s reputation as the "Mecca of graffiti." Their initial connections in the New York graffiti scene were facilitated by a visit to Fat Joe’s store in the South Bronx, where they met Brim, a founder of TATS CRU. Impressed by their work, Brim introduced them to other key members of the crew, including Bio, BG, and Nicer.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /> After several collaborative projects, How and Nosm were invited to join TATS CRU and began representing the crew in Europe before relocating permanently to New York in 1999.
With TATS CRU, How and Nosm participated in numerous mural projects, both commercial and community-based, across the United States and internationally. Their work has included large-scale murals for corporate clients as well as independent artistic endeavors.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /><ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />
== Artistic Style ==
How and Nosm are known for their distinctive, highly detailed murals characterized by intricate line work, limited color palettes (often red, black, and white), and complex, interconnected forms. While their roots are in graffiti, they have expanded their practice to include fine art, creating paintings on canvas and exhibiting in galleries worldwide. They often collaborate on pieces, seamlessly blending their individual contributions into unified works.
== Major Projects ==
Among their most notable projects is a planned 354-foot-tall mural in Detroit, which, upon completion, would be the tallest mural in the world. They have also worked on commercial murals in major cities such as Atlanta, Chicago, and Los Angeles, and have exhibited their fine art in galleries and museums.<ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />
== Community Outreach ==
How and Nosm are committed to community engagement and regularly participate in outreach projects. They have conducted workshops and collaborative mural projects with children and youth in underserved communities, including work in Palestine, the Jordan Valley, and the South Bronx. Their outreach efforts aim to provide positive creative outlets and inspire the next generation of artists.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /><ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />

== References ==

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-10-05T22:48:24Z

Notjamesbond: How and Nosm

'''Raoul Perré''' and '''Davide Perré''' ({{aka}} How and Nosm respectively) are twin [[graffiti]] artists from [[New York City]]. They are both members of [[the Bronx]]-based graffiti crew, [[TATS CRU]] aka "The Mural Kings."<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/>

Born in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] of [[San Sebastián]], Spain, both grew up in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]] and began doing graffiti in 1988.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63 Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 6, 2003). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref> They spent their late teenage years traveling the world painting walls and trains with each other.<ref>[http://www.graffiti.org/ral/ Art Crimes Interview] Brett Webb (November, 2001). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref> While visiting New York City in 1997, both were asked to become members of TATS CRU, and permanently relocated to New York City shortly thereafter in 1999.<ref name="query.nytimes.com"/>
== Early Life and Background ==
Raoul and Davide Perré were born in San Sebastián, in the Basque region of Spain, before moving to Germany at a young age. They spent their formative years in Düsseldorf, where they began experimenting with graffiti in the late 1980s. Their early work involved tagging and painting trains and walls illegally, which later evolved into more elaborate murals and legal projects.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm">{{cite web
|title=How and Nosm
|url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm
|website=The Culture Crush
|access-date=5 October 2025
|language=en
|quote=Interview with the artists How and Nosm discussing their background, artistic approach, and career.
}}</ref>
<ref name="HowNosmPodcast">{{cite web
| title = The World of How and Nosm: “Just don’t call it street art” (podcast episode)
| website = On The Air / The Culture Crush
| date = 18 June 2015
| url = https://theculturecrush.podbean.com/e/just-dont-call-it-street-art/
| access-date = 5 October 2025
| format = Podcast
}}</ref>

== Career ==
The twins first visited New York City in 1997, drawn by the city’s reputation as the "Mecca of graffiti." Their initial connections in the New York graffiti scene were facilitated by a visit to Fat Joe’s store in the South Bronx, where they met Brim, a founder of TATS CRU. Impressed by their work, Brim introduced them to other key members of the crew, including Bio, BG, and Nicer.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /> After several collaborative projects, How and Nosm were invited to join TATS CRU and began representing the crew in Europe before relocating permanently to New York in 1999.
With TATS CRU, How and Nosm participated in numerous mural projects, both commercial and community-based, across the United States and internationally. Their work has included large-scale murals for corporate clients as well as independent artistic endeavors.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /><ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />
== Artistic Style ==
How and Nosm are known for their distinctive, highly detailed murals characterized by intricate line work, limited color palettes (often red, black, and white), and complex, interconnected forms. While their roots are in graffiti, they have expanded their practice to include fine art, creating paintings on canvas and exhibiting in galleries worldwide. They often collaborate on pieces, seamlessly blending their individual contributions into unified works.
== Major Projects ==
Among their most notable projects is a planned 354-foot-tall mural in Detroit, which, upon completion, would be the tallest mural in the world. They have also worked on commercial murals in major cities such as Atlanta, Chicago, and Los Angeles, and have exhibited their fine art in galleries and museums.<ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />
== Community Outreach ==
How and Nosm are committed to community engagement and regularly participate in outreach projects. They have conducted workshops and collaborative mural projects with children and youth in underserved communities, including work in Palestine, the Jordan Valley, and the South Bronx. Their outreach efforts aim to provide positive creative outlets and inspire the next generation of artists.<ref name="CultureCrushHowNosm" /><ref name="HowNosmPodcast" />

== References ==

Wikipedia:WikiProject Graffiti/todo

2025-10-05T22:21:50Z

Notjamesbond: /* Article improvement and development */ Removed Cuevo de las Manos as it was waiting for peer review to GA. However it has now been classed as GA so none needed

{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Graffiti/header}}

__TOC__

==General tasks==
* The [[graffiti]] article has a lot of unsourced information which needs to be cited properly. [[user:Notcharizard|<span style="color:#70A67A">-- NotC</span><span style="color:#396340">hariza</span><span style="color:#0D2311">rd</span>]] <sup>[[User talk:Notcharizard|<span style="color:#0D2311">🗨</span>]]</sup> 09:36, 18 August 2024 (UTC)

===Infoboxes===
* Quite a lot of graffiti-related articles are lacking infoboxes. Have been going through adding some but thought it would be useful to add [[Template:Infobox wanted|wanted tags]] and start making a list here.--[[User:Wikociewie|Wikociewie]] ([[User talk:Wikociewie|talk]]) 06:32, 23 August 2024 (UTC)
** [[Alexamenos graffito]]
** [[Ancient Maya graffiti]]
** [[Brian Nobili]]
** [[Francisco Rodrigues da Silva]]
** [[Graffito of Esmet-Akhom]]
** [[Imon Boy]]
** [[James De La Vega]]
** [[Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti]]
** [[London Mural Preservation Society]]
** [[Sator Square]]
** [[Street marketing]]
** [[Street poster art]]
** [[Videograf Productions]]
** [[Wheatpaste]]

==Requested articles==
''See also [[Wikipedia:Requested articles/Arts and entertainment/Visual arts]]''

<big>'''Please provide a description and include details of at least three [[WP:RS|independent, reliable sources]] (websites, news articles etc.)'''</big>

Make sure the link leads to the actual artist page and not to a page with a similar name. (e.g. [[Civilian]] links to an article about civilians, [[Civilian (street artist)]] links to the graffiti artist)

:'''[[Street Art]] and [[Post-Graffiti]] artists'''#

(Write your name next to the artist if you intend to create their article.)

===New requests===

* [[Mr. Paradox Paradise]]
<ref>{{cite news |last=Conradi |first=Friedrich |title=Der Mann, der Berlin illegal verschönert: der Sprayer Paradox Paradise |work=Berliner Zeitung |date=29 October 2022 |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/interview-der-mann-der-berlin-illegal-verschoenert-der-sprayer-paradox-paradise-graffiti-kreuzberg-ausstellung-streetart-li.281375 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Paradox Paradise |url=https://urban-nation.com/artist/paradox/ |website=Urban Nation |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Paradox Rappelling Down a Berlin Building, As Usual |url=https://www.brooklynstreetart.com/2022/06/30/mr-paradox-rappelling-down-a-berlin-building-as-usual/ |website=Brooklyn Street Art |date=30 June 2022 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: MR. PARADOX PARADISE "paraglyphs", Galerie Grolman |url=https://www.urbanpresents.net/en/2023/01/review-mr-paradox-paradise-paraglyphs-galerie-grolman/ |website=Urban Presents |date=6 January 2023 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Paraglyphs |url=https://artfacts.net/exhibition/mr-paradox-paradise%3A-paraglyphs/1272301 |website=ArtFacts |date=29 October 2022 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=ORNAMENTS – Galerie Grolman |url=https://galerie-grolman.de/tag/show/ |website=Galerie Grolman |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=EP 130 – MR PARADOX PARADISE |url=https://vantagepointradio.com/podcast/ep-130-mr-paradox-paradise/ |website=Vantagepoint Radio |date=September 2021 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |last=Stiller |first=Lukas K |title=Paradox.Paradise |publisher=Urban Spree Books |year=2022 |isbn=9783944803201}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last=Riegel |first=Julian |title=Lebensmüde Maßstäbe: Neue Doku zeigt, warum Berlin Kidz eine der krassesten Graffiti‑Crews ist |work=VICE |date=10 December 2018 |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/xwj5nn/dokumentation-berlin-kidz-graffiti-paradox-arte-tracks-klettern-abseilen-sozial-kritisch |language=de}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=A Berlin, Paradox fait équipe avec un pixadore de São Paulo |url=https://www.drips.fr/a-berlin-paradox-fait-equipe-avec-un-pixadore-de-sao-paulo/ |website=Drips.fr |date=15 December 2018 |language=fr |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Berlina collaboration with Paradox (founder of Berlin Kidz) for Berlin Mural Festival |url=https://www.ellestreetart.com/wall-murals/berlina-collaboration-with-paradox-founder-of-berlin-kidz-for-berlin-mural-festival-with-urban-nation-museum |website=Elle Street Art |date=May 2021 |language=en |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=ARTe TRACKS: Paradox und seine Berlin Kidz Crew |url=https://berlingraffiti.de/2018/12/07/arte-tracks-paradox-berlin-kidz/ |website=Berlin Graffiti Magazine |date=7 December 2018 |language=de |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Berlin Kidz |url=https://urban-nation.com/artist/berlin-kidz/ |website=Urban Nation |access-date=12 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Website of Mr. Paradox Paradise |url=https://misterparadoxparadise.com |website=misterparadoxparadise.com |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piotrowski |first1=Raphael |title=Uns treibt die Liebe zu den Buchstaben an |url=https://taz.de/Graffiti-Gang-Berlin-Kidz-uebers-Sprayen/!5477362/ |work=[[Die Tageszeitung|taz]] |date=27 January 2018 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wenzel |first1=Marvin |title=Schluss mit Abseilen und Trainsurfing:: Ein Kreuzberger Graffiti-Sprayer sucht den Weg in die Legalität |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/an-berlins-hauswanden-rumhangen-kreuzberger-streetart-kunstler-mrparadox-paradise-will-kunftig-nur-noch-legal-spruhen-8524252.html |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel|Tagesspiegel]] |date=9 August 2022 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Conradi |first1=Friedrich |title=Der Mann, der Berlin illegal verschönert: der Sprayer Paradox |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/interview-der-mann-der-berlin-illegal-verschoenert-der-sprayer-paradox-paradise-graffiti-kreuzberg-ausstellung-streetart-li.281375 |work=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |date=29 October 2022 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Riegel |first1=Julian |title=Lebensmüde Maßstäbe: Neue Doku zeigt, warum Berlin Kidz eine der krassesten Graffiti-Crews ist |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/dokumentation-berlin-kidz-graffiti-paradox-arte-tracks-klettern-abseilen-sozial-kritisch/ |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |publisher=[[Vice Media]] |language=de |date=10 December 2018}}</ref> (Requested by [[User:Publ 23|Publ 23]])
* [[Mode2 (graffiti artist)]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Binet |first1=Stéphanie |title=Mode 2, le virtuose du graffiti |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2021/08/07/mode-2-le-virtuose-du-graffiti_6090844_3451060.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=7 August 2021 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mckenzie |first1=Stuart |title=Mode 2: The full interview for "Beyond The Street", Die Gestalten Verlag 2010 |url=https://www.graffiti.org/mode2/mode2_interview_2010.html |website=Art Crimes |date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nguyen |first1=Patrick |title=Beyond the Street: The 100 Leading Figures in Urban Art |date=2010 |publisher=[[Gestalten]] |location=Berlin |isbn=9783899552904 |pages=280–283}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The writing on the wall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-39353541 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
{{Infobox artist
| name = Mode2
| honorific_suffix = TCA
| image = Mode2action.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Mode2 painting in Stockholm, 1989
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1967}}
| birth_place = [[British Mauritius]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| awards = 
| signature =
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|mode2.org}}
}}

* [[Cliff 159]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Lauren |title=Highlights from the City Museum's Graffiti Collection |url=https://blog.mcny.org/2014/02/18/highlights-from-the-city-museums-graffiti-collection/ |website=MCNY Blog |publisher=[[Museum of the City of New York]] |date=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pape |first1=Chris |authorlink=Chris Pape |title=The 50 Greatest NYC Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.complex.com/style/a/chris-pape/the-50-greatest-nyc-graffiti-artists |website=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |date=7 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pape |first1=Chris |authorlink=Chris Pape |last2=Lawrence |first2=Michael |title=Nation of Graffiti Artists |date=2023 |publisher=Ginko Press |isbn=9781584237792}}</ref>
{{Infobox artist
| name = Cliff 159
| honorific_suffix = 3YB<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Lach |first1=Eric |title=The ABCs of Graffiti |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/02/04/the-abcs-of-graffiti |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=28 January 2019}}</ref> WS<ref>{{cite web |title=Wild Style |url=https://at149st.com/ws.html |website=at149st}}</ref>
| image = Cliff159 ny.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = A Cliff 159 panel on the [[2 (New York City Subway service)|Seventh Avenue Express]], {{circa}}1970s
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Wildstyle]]
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| signature =
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
}}

* [[PMS crew]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bierl |first1=Michl-Felix |editor1-last=Häuser |editor1-first=Friederike |editor2-last=Kaltenhäuser |editor2-first=Robert |title=Graffiti und Politik |date=2023 |publisher=Beltz Juventa |location=Germany |isbn=978-3-7799-7066-8 |pages=16-47 |language=de |chapter=„Wer Bock hat, hat Bock!?“ Subversive Praktiken von Writerinnen* innerhalb der Gra ti-Szene Berlins}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PMS ULTRAS |url=https://underrateddeutschrap.de/pms-ultras/ |website=Underrated Deutschrap |language=de |date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hofmann |first=Paul |date=22 September 2023 |title=Den Kiez korrigieren |url=https://www.fluter.de/feminismus-frauen-graffiti |issue=88|pages=30–33 |magazine=fluter |language=de |publisher=[[Federal Agency for Civic Education]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schröder |first1=Lilly |title=Die Stadt der Politisch Motivierten Schlampen |url=https://taz.de/Flinta-Graffiti-Crew-PMS/!6052247/ |work=[[Die Tageszeitung]] |date=25 December 2024 |language=de}}</ref>

* [[Théo Clerc]]<ref>{{cite news |title=France slams Azerbaijan's 'discriminatory' jailing of graffiti sprayer |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20240913-france-slams-azerbaijan-s-discriminatory-jailing-of-graffiti-sprayer |work=[[Radio France Internationale]] |date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grynszpan |first1=Emmanuel |title=Frenchman sentenced to three years in Azerbaijan prison for graffiti in Baku metro |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/09/12/frenchman-sentenced-to-three-years-in-azerbaijan-prison-for-graffiti-in-baku-metro_6725775_4.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan – Situation of Théo Clerc |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/azerbaijan/news/article/azerbaijan-situation-of-theo-clerc-12-sep-2024 |website=France Diplomacy |publisher=[[Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs]] |date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Free Théo Clerc: A Call for Justice and Clemency |journal=PFFF Journal |date=2024 |issue=3 |publisher=Studio Vierkant Press}}</ref>

* [[Samer Peerachai]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Homeless man on quest to scribble Illuminati conspiracies on Ratchathewi bridge? |url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/features/homeless-man-quest-scribble-illuminati-conspiracies-ratchathewi-bridge-photos/ |website=Coconuts Bangkok |date=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pholdhampalit |first1=Khetsirin |title=Art in its purest form |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/lifestyle/30373871 |work=[[The Nation (Thailand)|The Nation]] |date=30 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chaisri |first1=Kristiya |title=ชวนดู Mystery Mind Maps สารคดีสำรวจแผนที่ความทรงจำของชายคนหนึ่งที่กระจายตัวอยู่ทั่วย่านสุขุมวิท |url=https://www.soimilk.com/movies/news/mystery-mind-maps |website=soimilk.com |language=Thai |date=5 June 2020}}</ref>

* [[Ülo Kiple]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Annuk |first1=Eve |last2=Voolaid |first2=Piret |editor1-last=Kõiva |editor1-first=Mare |editor2-last=Kuperjanov |editor2-first=Andres |title=Representations of Gender in Estonian Graffiti and Street Art |journal=Folklore |date=2024 |volume=92 |pages=7–48 |doi=10.7592/FEJF2024.92.annuk_voolaid |url=https://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol92/annuk_voolaid.pdf |publisher=[[Estonian Literary Museum|Folk Belief and Media Group of Estonian Literary Museum]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Voolaid |first=Piret |editor1-last=Kõiva |editor1-first=Mare |editor2-last=Kuperjanov |editor2-first=Andres |title=In graffiti veritas: A paremic glance at graffiti in Tartu |journal=Folklore |date=2013 |volume= 1|pages=237–268 |doi=10.7592/EP.1.voolaid |url=https://www.folklore.ee/pubte/eraamat/eestipoola/voolaid.pdf |publisher=[[Estonian Literary Museum|Folk Belief and Media Group of Estonian Literary Museum]] |isbn=978-9949-490-22-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Morrison |first1=Noah E. |title=Discovering Myself and Estonia Through Analog Photography |url=https://vintagevisual.eu/discovering-myself-and-estonia-through-analog-photography/ |website=vintagevisual.eu |date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

==Article improvement and development==
A list of articles to improve:

*[[:Category:Graffiti stubs]] - graffiti-related articles in need of expansion

*[[Darren Cullen (graffiti artist)]] – essentially appears to be an advert for subject’s company. Needs serious copyediting
*[[Female graffiti artists]] – part list, part article… Needs copy editing and expanding. Perhaps list section could be refashioned as a category
*[[Carmelo Sigona]] - has a notability query hatnote, needs either exapanding or to be put up for deletion
*[[Joey Semz]] - has a notability query hatnote, needs either exapanding or to be put up for deletion
*[[Skid Robot]] - has a notability query hatnote, needs either exapanding or to be put up for deletion
*[[T Kid]] – another fairly important stub with only one reference!
*[[Street poster art]]… article’s just atrocious (+images don’t seem to bear any relation to topic). Could probably be merged with [[Wheatpaste]] and [[Flyposting]] as they all essentially cover the same topic just using different terms…
*[[Graffiti in the United Kingdom]] – needs a lot of improvement. Eg expanding history and heavily editing a lot of the stuff about Skeam which isn’t really relevant

Once problems have been dealt with please remove the appropriate tag from the article, and remove from this list.

==References==
<references />

Wikipedia:WikiProject Graffiti/todo

2025-10-05T22:15:59Z

Notjamesbond: /* Article improvement and development */ removed Tats Cru from list. Issue was that it was completely unsourced. Went through article and updated and sourced accordingly.

{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Graffiti/header}}

__TOC__

==General tasks==
* The [[graffiti]] article has a lot of unsourced information which needs to be cited properly. [[user:Notcharizard|<span style="color:#70A67A">-- NotC</span><span style="color:#396340">hariza</span><span style="color:#0D2311">rd</span>]] <sup>[[User talk:Notcharizard|<span style="color:#0D2311">🗨</span>]]</sup> 09:36, 18 August 2024 (UTC)

===Infoboxes===
* Quite a lot of graffiti-related articles are lacking infoboxes. Have been going through adding some but thought it would be useful to add [[Template:Infobox wanted|wanted tags]] and start making a list here.--[[User:Wikociewie|Wikociewie]] ([[User talk:Wikociewie|talk]]) 06:32, 23 August 2024 (UTC)
** [[Alexamenos graffito]]
** [[Ancient Maya graffiti]]
** [[Brian Nobili]]
** [[Francisco Rodrigues da Silva]]
** [[Graffito of Esmet-Akhom]]
** [[Imon Boy]]
** [[James De La Vega]]
** [[Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti]]
** [[London Mural Preservation Society]]
** [[Sator Square]]
** [[Street marketing]]
** [[Street poster art]]
** [[Videograf Productions]]
** [[Wheatpaste]]

==Requested articles==
''See also [[Wikipedia:Requested articles/Arts and entertainment/Visual arts]]''

<big>'''Please provide a description and include details of at least three [[WP:RS|independent, reliable sources]] (websites, news articles etc.)'''</big>

Make sure the link leads to the actual artist page and not to a page with a similar name. (e.g. [[Civilian]] links to an article about civilians, [[Civilian (street artist)]] links to the graffiti artist)

:'''[[Street Art]] and [[Post-Graffiti]] artists'''#

(Write your name next to the artist if you intend to create their article.)

===New requests===

* [[Mr. Paradox Paradise]]
<ref>{{cite news |last=Conradi |first=Friedrich |title=Der Mann, der Berlin illegal verschönert: der Sprayer Paradox Paradise |work=Berliner Zeitung |date=29 October 2022 |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/interview-der-mann-der-berlin-illegal-verschoenert-der-sprayer-paradox-paradise-graffiti-kreuzberg-ausstellung-streetart-li.281375 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Paradox Paradise |url=https://urban-nation.com/artist/paradox/ |website=Urban Nation |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Paradox Rappelling Down a Berlin Building, As Usual |url=https://www.brooklynstreetart.com/2022/06/30/mr-paradox-rappelling-down-a-berlin-building-as-usual/ |website=Brooklyn Street Art |date=30 June 2022 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Review: MR. PARADOX PARADISE "paraglyphs", Galerie Grolman |url=https://www.urbanpresents.net/en/2023/01/review-mr-paradox-paradise-paraglyphs-galerie-grolman/ |website=Urban Presents |date=6 January 2023 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Paraglyphs |url=https://artfacts.net/exhibition/mr-paradox-paradise%3A-paraglyphs/1272301 |website=ArtFacts |date=29 October 2022 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=ORNAMENTS – Galerie Grolman |url=https://galerie-grolman.de/tag/show/ |website=Galerie Grolman |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=EP 130 – MR PARADOX PARADISE |url=https://vantagepointradio.com/podcast/ep-130-mr-paradox-paradise/ |website=Vantagepoint Radio |date=September 2021 |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |last=Stiller |first=Lukas K |title=Paradox.Paradise |publisher=Urban Spree Books |year=2022 |isbn=9783944803201}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last=Riegel |first=Julian |title=Lebensmüde Maßstäbe: Neue Doku zeigt, warum Berlin Kidz eine der krassesten Graffiti‑Crews ist |work=VICE |date=10 December 2018 |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/xwj5nn/dokumentation-berlin-kidz-graffiti-paradox-arte-tracks-klettern-abseilen-sozial-kritisch |language=de}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=A Berlin, Paradox fait équipe avec un pixadore de São Paulo |url=https://www.drips.fr/a-berlin-paradox-fait-equipe-avec-un-pixadore-de-sao-paulo/ |website=Drips.fr |date=15 December 2018 |language=fr |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Berlina collaboration with Paradox (founder of Berlin Kidz) for Berlin Mural Festival |url=https://www.ellestreetart.com/wall-murals/berlina-collaboration-with-paradox-founder-of-berlin-kidz-for-berlin-mural-festival-with-urban-nation-museum |website=Elle Street Art |date=May 2021 |language=en |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=ARTe TRACKS: Paradox und seine Berlin Kidz Crew |url=https://berlingraffiti.de/2018/12/07/arte-tracks-paradox-berlin-kidz/ |website=Berlin Graffiti Magazine |date=7 December 2018 |language=de |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Berlin Kidz |url=https://urban-nation.com/artist/berlin-kidz/ |website=Urban Nation |access-date=12 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Website of Mr. Paradox Paradise |url=https://misterparadoxparadise.com |website=misterparadoxparadise.com |access-date=12 July 2025}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piotrowski |first1=Raphael |title=Uns treibt die Liebe zu den Buchstaben an |url=https://taz.de/Graffiti-Gang-Berlin-Kidz-uebers-Sprayen/!5477362/ |work=[[Die Tageszeitung|taz]] |date=27 January 2018 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wenzel |first1=Marvin |title=Schluss mit Abseilen und Trainsurfing:: Ein Kreuzberger Graffiti-Sprayer sucht den Weg in die Legalität |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/an-berlins-hauswanden-rumhangen-kreuzberger-streetart-kunstler-mrparadox-paradise-will-kunftig-nur-noch-legal-spruhen-8524252.html |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel|Tagesspiegel]] |date=9 August 2022 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Conradi |first1=Friedrich |title=Der Mann, der Berlin illegal verschönert: der Sprayer Paradox |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/interview-der-mann-der-berlin-illegal-verschoenert-der-sprayer-paradox-paradise-graffiti-kreuzberg-ausstellung-streetart-li.281375 |work=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |date=29 October 2022 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Riegel |first1=Julian |title=Lebensmüde Maßstäbe: Neue Doku zeigt, warum Berlin Kidz eine der krassesten Graffiti-Crews ist |url=https://www.vice.com/de/article/dokumentation-berlin-kidz-graffiti-paradox-arte-tracks-klettern-abseilen-sozial-kritisch/ |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |publisher=[[Vice Media]] |language=de |date=10 December 2018}}</ref> (Requested by [[User:Publ 23|Publ 23]])
* [[Mode2 (graffiti artist)]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Binet |first1=Stéphanie |title=Mode 2, le virtuose du graffiti |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2021/08/07/mode-2-le-virtuose-du-graffiti_6090844_3451060.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=7 August 2021 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Mckenzie |first1=Stuart |title=Mode 2: The full interview for "Beyond The Street", Die Gestalten Verlag 2010 |url=https://www.graffiti.org/mode2/mode2_interview_2010.html |website=Art Crimes |date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nguyen |first1=Patrick |title=Beyond the Street: The 100 Leading Figures in Urban Art |date=2010 |publisher=[[Gestalten]] |location=Berlin |isbn=9783899552904 |pages=280–283}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The writing on the wall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-39353541 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
{{Infobox artist
| name = Mode2
| honorific_suffix = TCA
| image = Mode2action.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Mode2 painting in Stockholm, 1989
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1967}}
| birth_place = [[British Mauritius]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| awards = 
| signature =
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|mode2.org}}
}}

* [[Cliff 159]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Lauren |title=Highlights from the City Museum's Graffiti Collection |url=https://blog.mcny.org/2014/02/18/highlights-from-the-city-museums-graffiti-collection/ |website=MCNY Blog |publisher=[[Museum of the City of New York]] |date=18 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pape |first1=Chris |authorlink=Chris Pape |title=The 50 Greatest NYC Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.complex.com/style/a/chris-pape/the-50-greatest-nyc-graffiti-artists |website=[[Complex Networks|Complex]] |date=7 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pape |first1=Chris |authorlink=Chris Pape |last2=Lawrence |first2=Michael |title=Nation of Graffiti Artists |date=2023 |publisher=Ginko Press |isbn=9781584237792}}</ref>
{{Infobox artist
| name = Cliff 159
| honorific_suffix = 3YB<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Lach |first1=Eric |title=The ABCs of Graffiti |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/02/04/the-abcs-of-graffiti |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=28 January 2019}}</ref> WS<ref>{{cite web |title=Wild Style |url=https://at149st.com/ws.html |website=at149st}}</ref>
| image = Cliff159 ny.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = A Cliff 159 panel on the [[2 (New York City Subway service)|Seventh Avenue Express]], {{circa}}1970s
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Wildstyle]]
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| signature =
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
}}

* [[PMS crew]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bierl |first1=Michl-Felix |editor1-last=Häuser |editor1-first=Friederike |editor2-last=Kaltenhäuser |editor2-first=Robert |title=Graffiti und Politik |date=2023 |publisher=Beltz Juventa |location=Germany |isbn=978-3-7799-7066-8 |pages=16-47 |language=de |chapter=„Wer Bock hat, hat Bock!?“ Subversive Praktiken von Writerinnen* innerhalb der Gra ti-Szene Berlins}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PMS ULTRAS |url=https://underrateddeutschrap.de/pms-ultras/ |website=Underrated Deutschrap |language=de |date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hofmann |first=Paul |date=22 September 2023 |title=Den Kiez korrigieren |url=https://www.fluter.de/feminismus-frauen-graffiti |issue=88|pages=30–33 |magazine=fluter |language=de |publisher=[[Federal Agency for Civic Education]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schröder |first1=Lilly |title=Die Stadt der Politisch Motivierten Schlampen |url=https://taz.de/Flinta-Graffiti-Crew-PMS/!6052247/ |work=[[Die Tageszeitung]] |date=25 December 2024 |language=de}}</ref>

* [[Théo Clerc]]<ref>{{cite news |title=France slams Azerbaijan's 'discriminatory' jailing of graffiti sprayer |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20240913-france-slams-azerbaijan-s-discriminatory-jailing-of-graffiti-sprayer |work=[[Radio France Internationale]] |date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Grynszpan |first1=Emmanuel |title=Frenchman sentenced to three years in Azerbaijan prison for graffiti in Baku metro |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/09/12/frenchman-sentenced-to-three-years-in-azerbaijan-prison-for-graffiti-in-baku-metro_6725775_4.html |work=[[Le Monde]] |date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan – Situation of Théo Clerc |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/azerbaijan/news/article/azerbaijan-situation-of-theo-clerc-12-sep-2024 |website=France Diplomacy |publisher=[[Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs]] |date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Free Théo Clerc: A Call for Justice and Clemency |journal=PFFF Journal |date=2024 |issue=3 |publisher=Studio Vierkant Press}}</ref>

* [[Samer Peerachai]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Homeless man on quest to scribble Illuminati conspiracies on Ratchathewi bridge? |url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/features/homeless-man-quest-scribble-illuminati-conspiracies-ratchathewi-bridge-photos/ |website=Coconuts Bangkok |date=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pholdhampalit |first1=Khetsirin |title=Art in its purest form |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/lifestyle/30373871 |work=[[The Nation (Thailand)|The Nation]] |date=30 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chaisri |first1=Kristiya |title=ชวนดู Mystery Mind Maps สารคดีสำรวจแผนที่ความทรงจำของชายคนหนึ่งที่กระจายตัวอยู่ทั่วย่านสุขุมวิท |url=https://www.soimilk.com/movies/news/mystery-mind-maps |website=soimilk.com |language=Thai |date=5 June 2020}}</ref>

* [[Ülo Kiple]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Annuk |first1=Eve |last2=Voolaid |first2=Piret |editor1-last=Kõiva |editor1-first=Mare |editor2-last=Kuperjanov |editor2-first=Andres |title=Representations of Gender in Estonian Graffiti and Street Art |journal=Folklore |date=2024 |volume=92 |pages=7–48 |doi=10.7592/FEJF2024.92.annuk_voolaid |url=https://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol92/annuk_voolaid.pdf |publisher=[[Estonian Literary Museum|Folk Belief and Media Group of Estonian Literary Museum]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Voolaid |first=Piret |editor1-last=Kõiva |editor1-first=Mare |editor2-last=Kuperjanov |editor2-first=Andres |title=In graffiti veritas: A paremic glance at graffiti in Tartu |journal=Folklore |date=2013 |volume= 1|pages=237–268 |doi=10.7592/EP.1.voolaid |url=https://www.folklore.ee/pubte/eraamat/eestipoola/voolaid.pdf |publisher=[[Estonian Literary Museum|Folk Belief and Media Group of Estonian Literary Museum]] |isbn=978-9949-490-22-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Morrison |first1=Noah E. |title=Discovering Myself and Estonia Through Analog Photography |url=https://vintagevisual.eu/discovering-myself-and-estonia-through-analog-photography/ |website=vintagevisual.eu |date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

==Article improvement and development==
A list of articles to improve:

*[[:Category:Graffiti stubs]] - graffiti-related articles in need of expansion

*[[Cueva de las Manos]] - needs prep work for GA class peer review
*[[Darren Cullen (graffiti artist)]] – essentially appears to be an advert for subject’s company. Needs serious copyediting
*[[Female graffiti artists]] – part list, part article… Needs copy editing and expanding. Perhaps list section could be refashioned as a category
*[[Carmelo Sigona]] - has a notability query hatnote, needs either exapanding or to be put up for deletion
*[[Joey Semz]] - has a notability query hatnote, needs either exapanding or to be put up for deletion
*[[Skid Robot]] - has a notability query hatnote, needs either exapanding or to be put up for deletion
*[[T Kid]] – another fairly important stub with only one reference!
*[[Street poster art]]… article’s just atrocious (+images don’t seem to bear any relation to topic). Could probably be merged with [[Wheatpaste]] and [[Flyposting]] as they all essentially cover the same topic just using different terms…
*[[Graffiti in the United Kingdom]] – needs a lot of improvement. Eg expanding history and heavily editing a lot of the stuff about Skeam which isn’t really relevant

Once problems have been dealt with please remove the appropriate tag from the article, and remove from this list.

==References==
<references />

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T21:49:05Z

Notjamesbond: /* Artists */ added section on BG183 and added titles for 'core' and 'notable other' members. Removed section on Totem as was completely unsourced. Tried to find other sources but could only identify one very brief reference

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The membership over the years has evolved to include a number of other artists at different times.<ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref> In particular it came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré).<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref> Today the core membership of the TATS Cru is BIO, Nicer and BG183.<ref name="UPMagTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |website=UP Magazine |author=Christine DeFazio |date=October 5, 2025 |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/ |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Core Members==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
Hector “Nicer” Nazario is an American graffiti artist and muralist from the Bronx, New York, and a founding member of the Bronx graffiti collective Tats Cru.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web
|title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News
|date=18 April 2013
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
He began tagging subway cars and walls in the early 1980s, working with classmates Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano and Sotero “BG183” Ortiz, whom he met at James Monroe High School in the South Bronx.<ref name="ABC"/>

Over more than three decades, Nazario has contributed to Tats Cru’s transition from clandestine subway graffiti to widely commissioned murals and institutional projects. In a 2013 gathering at the Bronx Documentary Center, he described how early graffiti functioned as a form of communication across boroughs, with trains painted in the Bronx traveling into Manhattan and Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP6: Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/
|website=UP Magazine |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He has worked collaboratively on murals for hip hop artists, local businesses, and public art projects, helping to reposition graffiti from illicit expression to recognized cultural and artistic practice.<ref name="ABC"/>

===BG183===
'''BG183''' (born Sotero Ortiz) is an American graffiti artist and a core member of the Bronx-based collective Tats Cru. He was born and raised in the South Bronx.<ref name="TatsCruWideOpenWalls">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU – Wide Open Walls |website=Wide Open Walls |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref>

Ortiz began drawing at an early age and started painting graffiti on New York City trains as a teenager. Over a career spanning more than four decades, he has become known for his intricate lettering, dynamic characters, and complex backgrounds.<ref name="TatsCruWideOpenWalls" />
His work has been exhibited in institutions such as the [[Smithsonian Institution]] and the [[Bronx Museum of the Arts]], as well as international galleries. Ortiz has collaborated with major brands and created murals commemorating figures from hip hop and local culture.<ref name="BG183AutumnSpray">{{cite web |title=Speaking with BG 183 Tats Cru at His Solo Exhibit in Hunts Point |website=StreetArtNYC |author=Lois Stavsky |date=November 2, 2015 |url=https://streetartnyc.org/blog/2015/11/02/speaking-with-bg-183-tats-cru-at-his-solo-exhibit-in-hunts-point/ |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref><ref name="TatsCruWideOpenWalls" />

==Notable Other Members==

===HOW and NOSM===
Raoul “How” Perré and Davide “Nosm” Perré are twin graffiti artists from New York City.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last=Rosenbaum |first=Andrew |title=Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63
|newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 July 2003 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref> Born in San Sebastián, Spain, they grew up in Düsseldorf, Germany, and began doing graffiti in 1988. As teenagers, they traveled internationally, painting walls and trains. While visiting New York City in 1997, they were invited to join TATS Cru and permanently relocated to the city in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Art Crimes Interview |url=http://www.graffiti.org/ral/
|last=Webb |first=Brett |date=November 2001 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="NYT"/><ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref>

Over their careers, the Perré twins have created murals worldwide, blending their European upbringing with New York graffiti traditions. Their artistic style is characterized by a limited color palette of red, black, and white, meticulous linework, and intricate symbolic imagery. Their work often combines graffiti roots with fine art elements, including dynamic patterns and collage techniques, resulting in complex, large-scale murals that are simultaneously graphic and expressive.<ref>{{cite web |title=About How and Nosm |url=https://www.streetartbio.com/artists/about-how-and-nosm-biography/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
|website=Street Art Bio |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Thinkspace">{{cite web
|title=How & Nosm
|url=https://thinkspaceprojects.com/artists/how-and-nosm/
|website=Thinkspace Projects
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
They have traveled to over 60 countries to create murals, maintaining a strong street art presence while also exhibiting in galleries.<ref name="Thinkspace"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T21:17:30Z

Notjamesbond: updated to include current members and to remove duplicate section in How & Nosm

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The membership over the years has evolved to include a number of other artists at different times.<ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref> In particular it came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré).<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref> Today the core membership of the TATS Cru is BIO, Nicer and BG183.<ref name="UPMagTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |website=UP Magazine |author=Christine DeFazio |date=October 5, 2025 |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/ |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
Hector “Nicer” Nazario is an American graffiti artist and muralist from the Bronx, New York, and a founding member of the Bronx graffiti collective Tats Cru.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web
|title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News
|date=18 April 2013
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
He began tagging subway cars and walls in the early 1980s, working with classmates Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano and Sotero “BG183” Ortiz, whom he met at James Monroe High School in the South Bronx.<ref name="ABC"/>

Over more than three decades, Nazario has contributed to Tats Cru’s transition from clandestine subway graffiti to widely commissioned murals and institutional projects. In a 2013 gathering at the Bronx Documentary Center, he described how early graffiti functioned as a form of communication across boroughs, with trains painted in the Bronx traveling into Manhattan and Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP6: Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/
|website=UP Magazine |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He has worked collaboratively on murals for hip hop artists, local businesses, and public art projects, helping to reposition graffiti from illicit expression to recognized cultural and artistic practice.<ref name="ABC"/>

===HOW and NOSM===
Raoul “How” Perré and Davide “Nosm” Perré are twin graffiti artists from New York City.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last=Rosenbaum |first=Andrew |title=Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63
|newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 July 2003 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref> Born in San Sebastián, Spain, they grew up in Düsseldorf, Germany, and began doing graffiti in 1988. As teenagers, they traveled internationally, painting walls and trains. While visiting New York City in 1997, they were invited to join TATS Cru and permanently relocated to the city in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Art Crimes Interview |url=http://www.graffiti.org/ral/
|last=Webb |first=Brett |date=November 2001 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="NYT"/><ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush" />

Over their careers, the Perré twins have created murals worldwide, blending their European upbringing with New York graffiti traditions. Their artistic style is characterized by a limited color palette of red, black, and white, meticulous linework, and intricate symbolic imagery. Their work often combines graffiti roots with fine art elements, including dynamic patterns and collage techniques, resulting in complex, large-scale murals that are simultaneously graphic and expressive.<ref>{{cite web |title=About How and Nosm |url=https://www.streetartbio.com/artists/about-how-and-nosm-biography/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
|website=Street Art Bio |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Thinkspace">{{cite web
|title=How & Nosm
|url=https://thinkspaceprojects.com/artists/how-and-nosm/
|website=Thinkspace Projects
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
They have traveled to over 60 countries to create murals, maintaining a strong street art presence while also exhibiting in galleries.<ref name="Thinkspace"/>

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T21:10:16Z

Notjamesbond: added another reference for How & Nosm and tweaked introduction to include mention that over the years a number of artists have painted with the TATS Cru

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The membership over the years has evolved to include a number of other artists at different times.<ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref> In particular it came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush">{{cite web |title=How and Nosm |website=The Culture Crush |author=Debra Scherer |date=January 18, 2022 |url=https://www.theculturecrush.com/hownosm |access-date=October 5, 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
Hector “Nicer” Nazario is an American graffiti artist and muralist from the Bronx, New York, and a founding member of the Bronx graffiti collective Tats Cru.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web
|title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News
|date=18 April 2013
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
He began tagging subway cars and walls in the early 1980s, working with classmates Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano and Sotero “BG183” Ortiz, whom he met at James Monroe High School in the South Bronx.<ref name="ABC"/>

Over more than three decades, Nazario has contributed to Tats Cru’s transition from clandestine subway graffiti to widely commissioned murals and institutional projects. In a 2013 gathering at the Bronx Documentary Center, he described how early graffiti functioned as a form of communication across boroughs, with trains painted in the Bronx traveling into Manhattan and Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP6: Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/
|website=UP Magazine |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He has worked collaboratively on murals for hip hop artists, local businesses, and public art projects, helping to reposition graffiti from illicit expression to recognized cultural and artistic practice.<ref name="ABC"/>

===HOW and NOSM===
Raoul “How” Perré and Davide “Nosm” Perré are twin graffiti artists from New York City.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last=Rosenbaum |first=Andrew |title=Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63
|newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 July 2003 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref> Born in San Sebastián, Spain, they grew up in Düsseldorf, Germany, and began doing graffiti in 1988. As teenagers, they traveled internationally, painting walls and trains. While visiting New York City in 1997, they were invited to join TATS Cru and permanently relocated to the city in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Art Crimes Interview |url=http://www.graffiti.org/ral/
|last=Webb |first=Brett |date=November 2001 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="NYT"/><ref name="HowNosmCultureCrush" />

Over their careers, the Perré twins have created murals worldwide, blending their European upbringing with New York graffiti traditions. Their artistic style is characterized by a limited color palette of red, black, and white, meticulous linework, and intricate symbolic imagery. Their work often combines graffiti roots with fine art elements, including dynamic patterns and collage techniques, resulting in complex, large-scale murals that are simultaneously graphic and expressive.<ref>{{cite web |title=About How and Nosm |url=https://www.streetartbio.com/artists/about-how-and-nosm-biography/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
|website=Street Art Bio |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Thinkspace">{{cite web
|title=How & Nosm
|url=https://thinkspaceprojects.com/artists/how-and-nosm/
|website=Thinkspace Projects
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
They have traveled to over 60 countries to create murals, maintaining a strong street art presence while also exhibiting in galleries.<ref name="Thinkspace"/>

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T18:13:09Z

Notjamesbond: /* HOW and NOSM */ updated completely unsourced section with section that is now fully sourced

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
Hector “Nicer” Nazario is an American graffiti artist and muralist from the Bronx, New York, and a founding member of the Bronx graffiti collective Tats Cru.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web
|title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News
|date=18 April 2013
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
He began tagging subway cars and walls in the early 1980s, working with classmates Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano and Sotero “BG183” Ortiz, whom he met at James Monroe High School in the South Bronx.<ref name="ABC"/>

Over more than three decades, Nazario has contributed to Tats Cru’s transition from clandestine subway graffiti to widely commissioned murals and institutional projects. In a 2013 gathering at the Bronx Documentary Center, he described how early graffiti functioned as a form of communication across boroughs, with trains painted in the Bronx traveling into Manhattan and Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP6: Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/
|website=UP Magazine |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He has worked collaboratively on murals for hip hop artists, local businesses, and public art projects, helping to reposition graffiti from illicit expression to recognized cultural and artistic practice.<ref name="ABC"/>

===HOW and NOSM===
Raoul “How” Perré and Davide “Nosm” Perré are twin graffiti artists from New York City.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last=Rosenbaum |first=Andrew |title=Graffiti With a German (and Bronx) Accent |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E7D61F3AF935A35754C0A9659C8B63
|newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 July 2003 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref> Born in San Sebastián, Spain, they grew up in Düsseldorf, Germany, and began doing graffiti in 1988. As teenagers, they traveled internationally, painting walls and trains. While visiting New York City in 1997, they were invited to join TATS Cru and permanently relocated to the city in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Art Crimes Interview |url=http://www.graffiti.org/ral/
|last=Webb |first=Brett |date=November 2001 |access-date=8 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="NYT"/>

Over their careers, the Perré twins have created murals worldwide, blending their European upbringing with New York graffiti traditions. Their artistic style is characterized by a limited color palette of red, black, and white, meticulous linework, and intricate symbolic imagery. Their work often combines graffiti roots with fine art elements, including dynamic patterns and collage techniques, resulting in complex, large-scale murals that are simultaneously graphic and expressive.<ref>{{cite web |title=About How and Nosm |url=https://www.streetartbio.com/artists/about-how-and-nosm-biography/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
|website=Street Art Bio |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="Thinkspace">{{cite web
|title=How & Nosm
|url=https://thinkspaceprojects.com/artists/how-and-nosm/
|website=Thinkspace Projects
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
They have traveled to over 60 countries to create murals, maintaining a strong street art presence while also exhibiting in galleries.<ref name="Thinkspace"/>

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T17:59:56Z

Notjamesbond: /* Nicer */ update referencing

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
Hector “Nicer” Nazario is an American graffiti artist and muralist from the Bronx, New York, and a founding member of the Bronx graffiti collective Tats Cru.<ref name="ABC">{{cite web
|title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx
|url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News
|date=18 April 2013
|access-date=5 October 2025
}}</ref>
He began tagging subway cars and walls in the early 1980s, working with classmates Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano and Sotero “BG183” Ortiz, whom he met at James Monroe High School in the South Bronx.<ref name="ABC"/>

Over more than three decades, Nazario has contributed to Tats Cru’s transition from clandestine subway graffiti to widely commissioned murals and institutional projects. In a 2013 gathering at the Bronx Documentary Center, he described how early graffiti functioned as a form of communication across boroughs, with trains painted in the Bronx traveling into Manhattan and Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP6: Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/
|website=UP Magazine |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He has worked collaboratively on murals for hip hop artists, local businesses, and public art projects, helping to reposition graffiti from illicit expression to recognized cultural and artistic practice.<ref name="ABC"/>

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T17:56:17Z

Notjamesbond: /* Nicer */ updated totally unsourced section for 'Nicer' with new fully sourced section on the artist

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
Hector “Nicer” Nazario is an American graffiti artist and muralist from the Bronx, New York, and a founding member of the Bronx graffiti collective Tats Cru.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx |url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News |date=18 April 2013 |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began tagging subway cars and walls in the early 1980s, working with classmates Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano and Sotero “BG183” Ortiz, whom he met at James Monroe High School in the South Bronx.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx |url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News |date=18 April 2013 |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref>

Over more than three decades, Nazario has contributed to Tats Cru’s transition from clandestine subway graffiti to widely commissioned murals and institutional projects. In a 2013 gathering at the Bronx Documentary Center, he described how early graffiti functioned as a form of communication across boroughs, with trains painted in the Bronx traveling into Manhattan and Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web |title=UP6: Exploring the History of Hip-Hop & The Bronx with Tats Cru |url=https://upmag.com/up6-tats-cru/
|website=UP Magazine |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He has worked collaboratively on murals for hip hop artists, local businesses, and public art projects, helping to reposition graffiti from illicit expression to recognized cultural and artistic practice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru: The Mural Kings of the Bronx |url=https://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/tats-cru-mural-kings-bronx/story?id=18941394
|website=ABC News |date=18 April 2013 |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref>

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-05T17:42:18Z

Notjamesbond: /* Artists */ updated the completely unsourced 'BIO' section so that it is now fully sourced via a magazine interview

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] is a Puerto Rican–American graffiti artist based in New York City.<ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Wilfredo “Bio” Feliciano |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-wilfredo-bio-feliciano/
|website=Bold Journey |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> He began his artistic career painting on [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway cars]] with the TAT Cru in the early 1980s. Alongside his fellow crew members Nicer and BG183, he went on to co-found Tats Cru as a business, producing murals across the city. Before pursuing art full-time, Feliciano worked for a nonprofit organization while taking on small art jobs. He decided to commit to an artistic career after losing his job and learning he was going to be a father, describing the decision as a leap of faith.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

For more than three decades, Feliciano has worked as a professional muralist and painter. He has created murals for corporations, small businesses, schools, films, and music videos, while also producing canvas works and exhibiting internationally. His practice has included collaborations with companies on products featuring his artwork, and he continues to develop new prints and mural projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> He has also articulated his professional values, emphasising reliability, respect, and maintaining high quality in all projects.<ref name="BoldJourney" />

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Talk:Otto Schade

2025-10-05T17:20:56Z

Notjamesbond: add graffiti wikiproject

{{WikiProject banner shell|class=Start|listas=Schade, Otto|blp=yes|
{{WikiProject Biography |a&e-work-group=y }}
{{WikiProject Visual arts }}
{{WikiProject Graffiti}}
{{WikiProject Architecture |importance=Low}}
}}

Otto Schade

2025-10-05T17:19:33Z

Notjamesbond: /* Biography */ added detail and reference about the 'ribbons' style

{{about||the television pioneer|Otto H. Schade}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Otto Schade
| image = Otto Schade Portrait.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Otto Alexis Schade López
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|10|30}}
| birth_place = [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], Chile
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Osch
| occupation = Architect and visual artist
| years_active =
| alma_mater = [[University of the Bío Bío]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Street art]]
}}

'''Otto Alexis Schade López''' (also known as "Osch") is a Chilean artist<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thecroydoncitizen.com/culture/croydons-street-art-tour-bottomless-lunch/|title=Review: Croydon's Street Art Tour and bottomless lunch – The Croydon Citizen|date=15 August 2018|work=The Croydon Citizen|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref> and architect based in London, United Kingdom, since 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://303magazine.com/2017/10/raw-project-denver/|title=Meet the International Artists Who Painted Denver Elementary Schools For Free|date=20 October 2017|work=303 Magazine|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottoschade.com/about/|title=About|website=Ottoschade.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>

==Biography==
At young age Otto Schade studied at [[Saint John's School, San Pedro de la Paz|St. John's School]] in Concepcion and Sagrados Corazones de Talcahuano. After receiving his higher education at the [[University of the Bío Bío]] where he studied Construction and Design Architecture in his native country, he worked on his own projects as an architect in [[Chile]] with colleagues Carlos Belmar and [[Pedro Caparros]] from 2000 till 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abarchitec.com/en/architecture/public-buildings/vina-del-mar-courthouses|title=Viña del Mar Courthouses|website=Abarchitec.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Otto Schade (Osch) Aachen Germany Potato Salad Graffiti.jpg|thumb|left|Osch's Aachen, Germany "Potato Salad" Graffiti]]
In Europe, Otto Schade worked for architecture design companies such as [[Benoy]], Civicart and Zaha Hadids. He also gave lectures on Design at the [[Southbank University]] from 2008 till 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://londonstreetartdesign.co.uk/lsd-magazine-interviews-otto-schade/ |title=LSD Magazine interviews Otto Schade - LSD Magazine |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311024445/http://londonstreetartdesign.co.uk/lsd-magazine-interviews-otto-schade/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After practicing architecture for more than a decade, Schade dedicated himself to creative skills, particularly to painting. As an artist he has exhibited his work in Chile, Russia, [[Sweden]], France, [[Netherlands|Nederlands]], United States, Hong Kong, Japan and Germany.

Schade's work includes [[abstract art|abstract]], [[surrealism|surreal]] and [[pop art]]. In 2009 he started painting on the streets mainly in the UK [[urban center]] of [[Shoreditch]] (London) using the pseudonym "Osch".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJl5XlOE91A|title=Street Artist Otto Schade in London|accessdate=10 February 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref> Schade came up with a quick and effective way to deliver his messages using simple 1 or 2 layer stencils. This became known as his 'Silhouettes and Sunsets' style.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Otto Schade – Ribbons and Silhouettes on the Streets of London |website=Inspiring City |date=3 October 2025 |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/10/03/otto-schade-ribbons-and-silhouettes-on-the-streets-of-london/ |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref> In particular he uses this style to [[wikt:Special:Search/criticize|criticize]] and [[ironically]] depict some of the world's current [[social issue]]s.<ref name="InspiringCity2025" />

In addition to his quicker [[stencil]]ing techniques Otto has also developed a distinctive [[ribbon]] style. The ribbons form "bands of colour" that wrap around an object or a character.<ref name="InspiringCity2025" />

Osch has painted at many [[art festival]]s such as the biggest street art festival in Europe, [[Upfest]] in [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-33678412|title=In pictures: Street art festival|date=27 July 2015|accessdate=10 February 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> The "Sand, Sea and Spray" in Blackpool.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://westcoastwalls.wordpress.com/tag/sand-sea-and-spray/|title=sand sea and spray – West Coast Walls|website=Westcoastwalls.wordpress.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref> "City of Colours" in Birmingham, "Wynwood" in Miami US and "Sunscape" in Malta as well as "Stick Together" and "Urban Art Festival"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.urbanartfestival.com/gallery/otto-schade-uk/ |title=OTTO SCHADE (Uk) - URBAN ART FESTIVAL Amsterdam |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311013915/http://www.urbanartfestival.com/gallery/otto-schade-uk/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> both in Amsterdam.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schade, Otto}}
[[Category:Chilean painters]]
[[Category:Chilean architects]]
[[Category:Chilean surrealist artists]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:People from Concepción, Chile]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chilean people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of German descent]]
[[Category:British people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of Chilean descent]]
[[Category:British people of Chilean descent]]
[[Category:Chilean emigrants to England]]

Otto Schade

2025-10-05T17:13:09Z

Notjamesbond: /* Biography */ update reference

{{about||the television pioneer|Otto H. Schade}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Otto Schade
| image = Otto Schade Portrait.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Otto Alexis Schade López
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|10|30}}
| birth_place = [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], Chile
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Osch
| occupation = Architect and visual artist
| years_active =
| alma_mater = [[University of the Bío Bío]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Street art]]
}}

'''Otto Alexis Schade López''' (also known as "Osch") is a Chilean artist<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thecroydoncitizen.com/culture/croydons-street-art-tour-bottomless-lunch/|title=Review: Croydon's Street Art Tour and bottomless lunch – The Croydon Citizen|date=15 August 2018|work=The Croydon Citizen|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref> and architect based in London, United Kingdom, since 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://303magazine.com/2017/10/raw-project-denver/|title=Meet the International Artists Who Painted Denver Elementary Schools For Free|date=20 October 2017|work=303 Magazine|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottoschade.com/about/|title=About|website=Ottoschade.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>

==Biography==
At young age Otto Schade studied at [[Saint John's School, San Pedro de la Paz|St. John's School]] in Concepcion and Sagrados Corazones de Talcahuano. After receiving his higher education at the [[University of the Bío Bío]] where he studied Construction and Design Architecture in his native country, he worked on his own projects as an architect in [[Chile]] with colleagues Carlos Belmar and [[Pedro Caparros]] from 2000 till 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abarchitec.com/en/architecture/public-buildings/vina-del-mar-courthouses|title=Viña del Mar Courthouses|website=Abarchitec.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Otto Schade (Osch) Aachen Germany Potato Salad Graffiti.jpg|thumb|left|Osch's Aachen, Germany "Potato Salad" Graffiti]]
In Europe, Otto Schade worked for architecture design companies such as [[Benoy]], Civicart and Zaha Hadids. He also gave lectures on Design at the [[Southbank University]] from 2008 till 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://londonstreetartdesign.co.uk/lsd-magazine-interviews-otto-schade/ |title=LSD Magazine interviews Otto Schade - LSD Magazine |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311024445/http://londonstreetartdesign.co.uk/lsd-magazine-interviews-otto-schade/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After practicing architecture for more than a decade, Schade dedicated himself to creative skills, particularly to painting. As an artist he has exhibited his work in Chile, Russia, [[Sweden]], France, [[Netherlands|Nederlands]], United States, Hong Kong, Japan and Germany.

Schade's work includes [[abstract art|abstract]], [[surrealism|surreal]] and [[pop art]]. In 2009 he started painting on the streets mainly in the UK [[urban center]] of [[Shoreditch]] (London) using the pseudonym "Osch".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJl5XlOE91A|title=Street Artist Otto Schade in London|accessdate=10 February 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref> Schade came up with a quick and effective way to deliver his messages using simple 1 or 2 layer stencils. This became known as his 'Silhouettes and Sunsets' style.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Otto Schade – Ribbons and Silhouettes on the Streets of London |website=Inspiring City |date=3 October 2025 |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/10/03/otto-schade-ribbons-and-silhouettes-on-the-streets-of-london/ |access-date=5 October 2025}}</ref>

By using his more established and sophisticated [[stencil]]ing techniques Osch continues to evolve his distinctive [[ribbon]] style, which he uses in part to [[wikt:Special:Search/criticize|criticize]] and [[ironically]] depict some of the world's current [[social issue]]s. Many of his works hold [[satirical]] messages in order to raise [[social awareness]] and reach the boundaries of [[human vision]]. This political and social [[wikt:commentary|commentary]] is often present in his practice as an urban artist and has been an inherent feature of his works, which increasingly appear as [[street art]] around the world.

Osch has painted at many [[art festival]]s such as the biggest street art festival in Europe, [[Upfest]] in [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-33678412|title=In pictures: Street art festival|date=27 July 2015|accessdate=10 February 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> The "Sand, Sea and Spray" in Blackpool.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://westcoastwalls.wordpress.com/tag/sand-sea-and-spray/|title=sand sea and spray – West Coast Walls|website=Westcoastwalls.wordpress.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref> "City of Colours" in Birmingham, "Wynwood" in Miami US and "Sunscape" in Malta as well as "Stick Together" and "Urban Art Festival"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.urbanartfestival.com/gallery/otto-schade-uk/ |title=OTTO SCHADE (Uk) - URBAN ART FESTIVAL Amsterdam |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311013915/http://www.urbanartfestival.com/gallery/otto-schade-uk/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> both in Amsterdam.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schade, Otto}}
[[Category:Chilean painters]]
[[Category:Chilean architects]]
[[Category:Chilean surrealist artists]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:People from Concepción, Chile]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chilean people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of German descent]]
[[Category:British people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of Chilean descent]]
[[Category:British people of Chilean descent]]
[[Category:Chilean emigrants to England]]

Otto Schade

2025-10-05T17:12:10Z

Notjamesbond: /* Biography */ remove term 'orbs' to describe and added 'silhouettes and sunsets' with suitable reference

{{about||the television pioneer|Otto H. Schade}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Otto Schade
| image = Otto Schade Portrait.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Otto Alexis Schade López
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|10|30}}
| birth_place = [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], Chile
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Osch
| occupation = Architect and visual artist
| years_active =
| alma_mater = [[University of the Bío Bío]]
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Street art]]
}}

'''Otto Alexis Schade López''' (also known as "Osch") is a Chilean artist<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thecroydoncitizen.com/culture/croydons-street-art-tour-bottomless-lunch/|title=Review: Croydon's Street Art Tour and bottomless lunch – The Croydon Citizen|date=15 August 2018|work=The Croydon Citizen|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref> and architect based in London, United Kingdom, since 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://303magazine.com/2017/10/raw-project-denver/|title=Meet the International Artists Who Painted Denver Elementary Schools For Free|date=20 October 2017|work=303 Magazine|access-date=26 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottoschade.com/about/|title=About|website=Ottoschade.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>

==Biography==
At young age Otto Schade studied at [[Saint John's School, San Pedro de la Paz|St. John's School]] in Concepcion and Sagrados Corazones de Talcahuano. After receiving his higher education at the [[University of the Bío Bío]] where he studied Construction and Design Architecture in his native country, he worked on his own projects as an architect in [[Chile]] with colleagues Carlos Belmar and [[Pedro Caparros]] from 2000 till 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abarchitec.com/en/architecture/public-buildings/vina-del-mar-courthouses|title=Viña del Mar Courthouses|website=Abarchitec.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Otto Schade (Osch) Aachen Germany Potato Salad Graffiti.jpg|thumb|left|Osch's Aachen, Germany "Potato Salad" Graffiti]]
In Europe, Otto Schade worked for architecture design companies such as [[Benoy]], Civicart and Zaha Hadids. He also gave lectures on Design at the [[Southbank University]] from 2008 till 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://londonstreetartdesign.co.uk/lsd-magazine-interviews-otto-schade/ |title=LSD Magazine interviews Otto Schade - LSD Magazine |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311024445/http://londonstreetartdesign.co.uk/lsd-magazine-interviews-otto-schade/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

After practicing architecture for more than a decade, Schade dedicated himself to creative skills, particularly to painting. As an artist he has exhibited his work in Chile, Russia, [[Sweden]], France, [[Netherlands|Nederlands]], United States, Hong Kong, Japan and Germany.

Schade's work includes [[abstract art|abstract]], [[surrealism|surreal]] and [[pop art]]. In 2009 he started painting on the streets mainly in the UK [[urban center]] of [[Shoreditch]] (London) using the pseudonym "Osch".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJl5XlOE91A|title=Street Artist Otto Schade in London|accessdate=10 February 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref> Schade came up with a quick and effective way to deliver his messages using simple 1 or 2 layer stencils. This became known as his 'Silhouettes and Sunsets' style.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">Otto Schade – Ribbons and Silhouettes on the Streets of London. *Inspiring City*, 3 October 2025. Retrieved from https://inspiringcity.com/2025/10/03/otto-schade-ribbons-and-silhouettes-on-the-streets-of-london/</ref>

By using his more established and sophisticated [[stencil]]ing techniques Osch continues to evolve his distinctive [[ribbon]] style, which he uses in part to [[wikt:Special:Search/criticize|criticize]] and [[ironically]] depict some of the world's current [[social issue]]s. Many of his works hold [[satirical]] messages in order to raise [[social awareness]] and reach the boundaries of [[human vision]]. This political and social [[wikt:commentary|commentary]] is often present in his practice as an urban artist and has been an inherent feature of his works, which increasingly appear as [[street art]] around the world.

Osch has painted at many [[art festival]]s such as the biggest street art festival in Europe, [[Upfest]] in [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-33678412|title=In pictures: Street art festival|date=27 July 2015|accessdate=10 February 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> The "Sand, Sea and Spray" in Blackpool.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://westcoastwalls.wordpress.com/tag/sand-sea-and-spray/|title=sand sea and spray – West Coast Walls|website=Westcoastwalls.wordpress.com|accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref> "City of Colours" in Birmingham, "Wynwood" in Miami US and "Sunscape" in Malta as well as "Stick Together" and "Urban Art Festival"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.urbanartfestival.com/gallery/otto-schade-uk/ |title=OTTO SCHADE (Uk) - URBAN ART FESTIVAL Amsterdam |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311013915/http://www.urbanartfestival.com/gallery/otto-schade-uk/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> both in Amsterdam.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schade, Otto}}
[[Category:Chilean painters]]
[[Category:Chilean architects]]
[[Category:Chilean surrealist artists]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:People from Concepción, Chile]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chilean people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of German descent]]
[[Category:British people of German descent]]
[[Category:English people of Chilean descent]]
[[Category:British people of Chilean descent]]
[[Category:Chilean emigrants to England]]

Tats Cru

2025-10-01T09:27:05Z

Notjamesbond: /* Work */ changed into more neutral language and added a little context about Big Pun mural

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is known for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of the late Puerto Rican hip hip artist [[Big Pun]] in 2000. It's a mural that the crew have subsequently refreshed multiple times. Overall since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-09-30T19:03:32Z

Notjamesbond:

Career and Recognition

Bio's work has been featured in publications, films, music videos, and documentaries. He has painted murals in multiple countries and collaborated with other graffiti artists. Bio has lectured at institutions including the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).[ ^2]

In 2005, Bio and Tats Cru participated in the Smithsonian Institution’s 35th Annual Folklife Festival in Washington, D.C., representing New York City muralists.2

Personal Life

Bio continues to live and work in New York City.1

Bio (graffiti artist)

2025-09-30T19:01:13Z

Notjamesbond: updated the opening paragraph with official bio from his website

{{Short description|American graffiti artist (born 1966)}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Bio
| honorific_suffix = [[Tats Cru|TATS CRU]]
| image = 20190502 zwirki kosciuszki intersection may 2019.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = A Bio [[Piece (graffiti)|piece]], part of a larger TATS CRU mural, in [[Łódź]], [[Poland]]
| birth_name = Wilfredo Feliciano
| birth_date = April 20, 1966<ref>{{cite web |title=Bio |url=https://www.tatscru.biz/bio/ |website=TATS Cru |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| style = [[Wildstyle]]
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_type = Tag
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website =
}}

'''Bio''' is the [[Tag (graffiti)|tag]] of '''Wilfredo Feliciano'''.<ref name="TatsCruBio">{{cite web |title=Bio |url=https://www.tatscru.biz/bio/ |website=TATS Cru |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> He started painting [[graffiti]] on the [[New York City Subway]] in 1980, and is one of the founding members of the [[TATS CRU]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=The Pillars of Hip Hop: Breakdancing and graffiti |url=https://abc7ny.com/hip-hop-50-graffiti-breakdancing-pillars-of/13635658/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=ABC7 New York |language=en}}</ref><ref name="TatsCruBio" />

Bio has been claimed to be one of the best stylists or letter masters throughout the graffiti movement worldwide, known for his numerous styles of letter, complex and wild styles and use of color.<ref name=Bio>{{cite web|title=Bio and Nicer of Tats Cru|url=http://banksyforum.proboards.com/thread/88659|publisher=Dirty Pilot Urban Art Association|accessdate=21 January 2013}}</ref>

He also has a passion for [[Breakdancing|breaking]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=The Pillars of Hip Hop: Breakdancing and graffiti |url=https://abc7ny.com/hip-hop-50-graffiti-breakdancing-pillars-of/13635658/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=ABC7 New York |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050829201111/http://www.tatscru.com/ Tats Cru, Inc. website]
{{Graffiti-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bio}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American graffiti artists]]

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-09-30T18:52:51Z

Notjamesbond:

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Work ==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

In addition to Big Pun and memorial murals, their work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:51:33Z

Notjamesbond: add links

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
[[Bio (graffiti artist)|Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano]] born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:28:11Z

Notjamesbond: add link

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists [[Raoul and Davide Perre|HOW and NOSM]] (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:18:08Z

Notjamesbond: fix minor typo

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:17:33Z

Notjamesbond: fix error with reference link

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><<ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru">{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:14:22Z

Notjamesbond: /* Work */ removed Fat Joe reference as unsourced

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:13:47Z

Notjamesbond: /* Work */ added reference to painting artist tributes and advertising campaigns

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Tats Cru's work work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="PopTatsCru">{{cite web |title=TATS CRU |url=https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru |website=Pop International Galleries |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="PopTatsCru" />

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

Tats Cru has a strong bond with rapper [[Fat Joe]] and created many of his advertisement billboards for album releases in the 1990s.

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:11:40Z

Notjamesbond: /* Work */ added reference and re-wrote first paragraph about memorial murals

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

Over the last two decades, Tats Cru has produced various advertisements for clients ranging from neighborhood businesses and institutions to large corporations like [[Coca-Cola]] and [[Sony]].<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEEDD1E38F935A25757C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all New York Times: TATS Cru Wins Coca-Cola Account]</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69741 Sony Draws Ire With PSP Graffiti] Wired (December 5, 2005). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref>

Tats Cru have also created artwork for many musicians including [[Nicki Minaj]], [[Missy Elliott]], [[Metallica]], [[Big Pun]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Rick Ross]], [[DJ Kool Herc]], [[Nas]] and many more.

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

Tats Cru has a strong bond with rapper [[Fat Joe]] and created many of his advertisement billboards for album releases in the 1990s.

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:09:57Z

Notjamesbond: added a 'work' title

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

==Work==

Over the last two decades, Tats Cru has produced various advertisements for clients ranging from neighborhood businesses and institutions to large corporations like [[Coca-Cola]] and [[Sony]].<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEEDD1E38F935A25757C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all New York Times: TATS Cru Wins Coca-Cola Account]</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69741 Sony Draws Ire With PSP Graffiti] Wired (December 5, 2005). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref>

Tats Cru is also a major producer of [[New York City]]–style memorial murals, and have created artwork for many musicians including [[Nicki Minaj]], [[Missy Elliott]], [[Metallica]], [[Big Pun]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Rick Ross]], [[DJ Kool Herc]], [[Nas]] and many more.

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

Tats Cru has a strong bond with rapper [[Fat Joe]] and created many of his advertisement billboards for album releases in the 1990s.

Tats Cru heavily paints murals of friend and deceased rapper [[Big Pun]] and are solely responsible for the Big Pun memorial wall in the Bronx, New York.

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

Tats Cru

2025-09-30T18:08:51Z

Notjamesbond: updated intro to include references and sources

{{Short description|American graffiti artists}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Tats Cru
| full_name = Top Artistic Talent<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wright |first1=Sarah H. |title=Artists describe their 'Journey From Subways' |url=https://news.mit.edu/2005/artists-describe-their-journey-subways |work=[[MIT News]] |date=28 September 2005}}</ref>
| image = Tatscru brighton 1987.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Members of Tats Cru (left to right, Nicer, [[Goldie]], [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]], [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]], [[T Kid]] and Vulcan), [[Brighton]] 1987
| predecessor =
| established = 
| founders = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bio (graffiti artist)|Bio]]
* BG183
* [[Brim Fuentes|Brim]]
* Nicer
}}
| founding_location= [[New York City|New York]]
| type = [[Glossary of graffiti#A–D|Graffiti crew]]
| headquarters = [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nicer |title=Tats Cru |url=https://www.wideopenwalls.com/artists/tats-cru/ |website=wideopenwalls.com}}</ref>
| location_city = New York
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = {{Plainlist|
* BG183
* Bio
* [[Raoul Perre|HOW]]
* Nicer
* [[Davide Perre|NOSM]]
}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.tatscru.biz/}}
}}

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Over the last two decades, Tats Cru has produced various advertisements for clients ranging from neighborhood businesses and institutions to large corporations like [[Coca-Cola]] and [[Sony]].<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEEDD1E38F935A25757C0A963958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all New York Times: TATS Cru Wins Coca-Cola Account]</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69741 Sony Draws Ire With PSP Graffiti] Wired (December 5, 2005). Accessed December 8, 2008</ref>

Tats Cru is also a major producer of [[New York City]]–style memorial murals, and have created artwork for many musicians including [[Nicki Minaj]], [[Missy Elliott]], [[Metallica]], [[Big Pun]], [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Rick Ross]], [[DJ Kool Herc]], [[Nas]] and many more.

[[File:Mural of Tats Cru, Łódź 102 Piotrkowska Street yard.jpg|thumb|Mural by Tats Cru on [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]]]]

Tats Cru has a strong bond with rapper [[Fat Joe]] and created many of his advertisement billboards for album releases in the 1990s.

Tats Cru heavily paints murals of friend and deceased rapper [[Big Pun]] and are solely responsible for the Big Pun memorial wall in the Bronx, New York.

==Artists==

===Bio===
Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano born April 20, 1966, in New York started his artistic career in the early eighties at the height of the [[Graffiti in New York City|New York City subway graffiti]] movement. Thirty years later he is considered to be one of the top stylists or letter masters throughout the movement worldwide. Known for his many letter styles, complex and intricate wild styles as well as his explosive use of colors. Bio is known as a true master of New York–style painting.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano is also a founding member of the world-famous art collective known as Tats Cru "The Mural Kings" originally known as TAT Cru founded by Brim, Mack and Bio in the eighties. Tats Cru continues to be a major force in the advancement of graffiti art both commercially and artistically. Tats Cru’s current active members are Hector "Nicer" Nazario, Sotero "Bg183" Ortiz, Raoul "How" Perre, Davide "Nosm" Perre and Totem2.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano’s work has been featured in many publications, movies, music videos and documentaries throughout his career. He has also painted in numerous countries over the past 30 years, invited by different organizations. Bio has collaborated with many of the top graffiti artists in the world from past to present day. He has also lectured at M.I.T. and various universities in the United States. Bio was also part of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]’s 35th annual [[Smithsonian Folklife Festival|Folklife Festival]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], where Tats Cru was chosen to represent New York City muralists at the festival.

Wilfredo "Bio" Feliciano continues to work and live in New York City.

===Nicer===
He was born Hector Nazario in the [[South Bronx]] in 1967. He was fortunate enough to be born with creativity running through his veins at an early age. Throughout the 1970s he played in abandoned buildings, transforming them in his mind into magical worlds of wonder and using his surroundings to create trucks and cars of bricks and wood chunks found in abandoned lots in his South Bronx neighborhood.

In the 1980s, as a teenager he was drawn to the colored written graffiti on the [[New York City Subway]] trains and walls. He went on to become one of the founding members of The Famous "TAT Crew". It was his first official introduction to the art world.

At the end off the subway painting movement that propelled the TAT crew into subculture stardom, the members split and went their own ways, except for three. NICER and his two childhood painting partners vowed to continue to do what they’d loved, painting.

Forming the firstgGraffiti company of its kind, "Tats Cru, Inc" was born. It was 1996 and Tats Cru had one main goal; to show the world that graffiti is a viable art form.

In the three decades that Nicer has been painting, he has created artwork for many well-known clients like:

===HOW and NOSM===
Twin brothers Raoul and David Perre, respectively known as HOW and NOSM, are graffiti artists and professional muralists residing in New York. Born in the [[Basque people|Basque]] country of [[San Sebastian, Spain]], the Perre brothers were raised in [[Düsseldorf, Germany]], practicing [[the Bronx]]-born art form of graffiti. Their late teenage years were spent spraypainting around the world, visiting more than 60 countries and leaving their remarkably detail oriented artwork on everything from buildings to subway trains. During a visit to New York in 1997, HOW and NOSM were asked to become members of Tats Cru. Shortly thereafter in 1999, they permanently relocated to New York, a move that influenced their transition from tagging and spray painting trains to creating refined large scale murals and paintings on canvas. HOW and NOSM have been featured in several publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The New Yorker'' and ''LA Weekly''. Their artwork has stirred the likes of Reverend Al Sharpton with its controversial undertones of radical subjects manifested within their art. As adept with a spray can as only few artists could ever hope to be with a brush, the Perres’ body of work includes everything from canvases and large-scale multimedia sculpture to practically anything they feel compelled to leave their signature on.

While stylized and technical work is often compromised by the use of vibrant colors and flashy effects, How and Nosm have taken an opposite approach. In their most recent work, the brothers have restricted themselves to a sparse color palette of red, black and white. This limitation of color accentuates every line, creating a framework that jumps to the forefront. The drawings maintain the aesthetic of Jacks, Queens and Kings pulled from a deck of playing cards. The meticulous lines and intricate patterns presented in such a minimalist fashion make How and Nosm’s work instantly recognizable and unique.

===Totem===
Graffiti artist Mister Totem has applied paint to walls for 20 years.

Totem’s well-known style and technique is renowned worldwide, most noted for his signature robotic armored letters, characters, and wild versatility. His strongest points are backgrounds and creating a very complete final mural, not just the average piece by piece graffiti normally seen.

Starting in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], as his home he has traveled and painted across the globe. Spraying countries such as [[Japan]], the [[Philippines]], [[New Zealand]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Greece]], [[France]], and the [[United Kingdom]]. His work showcased in galleries from New York and [[Los Angeles]] to Japan. His work has also been commissioned by many corporate companies looking to borrow street credibility from his art.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.tatscru.com}}
* [http://www.canned-goods.co.uk/graffiti-interviews/tats-cru/51 TATS Cru Interview]

[[Category:American graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Artists from the Bronx]]
[[Category:Graffiti crews]]

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-09-30T17:54:13Z

Notjamesbond:

''''''Tats Cru''', also known as ''The Mural Kings'', is a collective of Bronx-based graffiti artists.<ref name="BTS">[https://beyondthestreets.com/pages/tats-cru Tats Cru profile], Beyond the Streets. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tats Cru – Thrive Collective |url=https://www.thrivecollective.org/tats-cru/ |website=Thrive Collective |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

The group was originally formed in 1980 by Wilfredo “BIO” Feliciano along with BRIM (Brim Fuentes) and MACK. Later they were joined by BG183 (Sotero Ortiz), and Nicer (Hector Nazario).<ref name="BTS" /> Initially the crew would paint at block parties and on subway cars together under the name T.A.T Cru changing the styling to TATS CRU in the early 90's.<ref name="BTS" /><ref name="ThriveCollectiveTatsCru" />

The core membership later came to include Basque born artists HOW and NOSM (Raoul and Davide Perré). Invited to join following a visit to New York in 1997. They would move to New York permanently in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=How & Nosm |url=https://www.themcla.org/artist/how-nosm |website=Mural Conservancy of Los Angeles |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Work ==
The collective is also renowned for creating New York City–style memorial murals. Notably creating a graffiti mural of [[Big Pun]], the late Puerto Rican hip hop artist. Since the 1990's the group is estimated to have created around 120 RIP Murals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Big Pun Mural |url=https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ |website=City Lore |access-date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

In addition to Big Pun and memorial murals, their work has also included tributes to artists and performers such as Jennifer Lopez, Nas, Missy Elliott, Rick Ross, DJ Kool Herc, Nicki Minaj, and Metallica.<ref name="popinternational">[https://www.popinternational.com/tatscru Pop International: Tats Cru]. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref> They have also produced murals and advertising campaigns for a wide range of clients, from local businesses to multinational corporations such as Coca-Cola and Sony.<ref name="streetartnyc">[https://streetartnyc.wordpress.com/street-artists/tats-cru/ Tats Cru – Street Art NYC]. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref><ref name="popinternational">

Tats Cru also maintain a longstanding connection with rapper Fat Joe, for whom they created numerous billboards and promotional pieces for album releases in the 1990s. They are also closely linked to commemorating Big Pun and are responsible for the famous Big Pun memorial wall in the Bronx, which they continue to restore and update.<ref name="citylore">[https://citylore.org/places/big-pun-mural/ Big Pun Memorial Mural – City Lore]. Retrieved 30 September 2025.</ref>

List of street artists

2025-09-30T16:45:00Z

Notjamesbond: /* United Kingdom */ add DNZ

{{Short description|none}}
This is a '''list of''' notable '''[[street art]]ists'''.



{{dynamic list|date=August 2013}}
{{TOC right|date=August 2013}}

==Africa==
===Egypt===

* [[Alaa Awad]] - street art, painter
* [[Aya Tarek]] – graffiti
* [[Ganzeer]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Keizer (artist)|Keizer]] – stencil graffiti, street poster art

===Nigeria===

*[[Osa Seven]] – graffiti, street art, graphic design

===South Africa===

* [[Faith47]] – graffiti, street art, fine art
* [[Ben Jay Crossman]] - graffiti-style street artist, concept artist, illustrator, photographer, film producer, director

==America==
===Argentina===

*[[Milagros Correch]] - muralist
* [[Ever (artist)|Ever]] (Buenos Aires) – street art

===Brazil===

* [[Alexandre Orion|Alexandre Ōrion]] – graffiti, stencil graffiti, photography
* [[Os Gemeos]] – graffiti
* [[Ananda Nahu]] – graffiti
* [[Eduardo Kobra]] – graffiti, muralist

===Canada===

* [[Esm-Artificial]] – wheatpasting, screen printing
* [[Lionel (artist)]] - street installation, ad-hacks, wheatpasting, stencil graffiti
* [[Posterchild (street artist)|Posterchild]] – stencil graffiti, street poster art

===Mexico===

* [[Pablo Delgado]] – paste-ups

=== Venezuela ===

* [[Enrique Enn]] – stencil graffiti, street poster art

===United States===


'''A–L'''
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Tavar Zawacki|ABOVE]] (San Francisco) - now known as Tavar Zawacki- stencils, installation art, contemporary painter.
* [[Federico Archuleta]] (Austin, Texas) – stencil murals
* [[Atlas (graffiti artist)|Atlas]], Alhambra, California
* [[AVANT]] (New York City) – guerrilla art, street art
* [[B.N.E. (artist)|B.N.E.]] (New York City)
* [[Beautiful Angle]] (Tacoma, Washington) – wheatpasting letterpress
* [[Jean-Michel Basquiat]] (New York City)
* [[Borf]] (Washington, D.C.) – graffiti, stencils
* [[Caine 1]] (New York City)
* [[André Pierre Charles]] (New York City)
* [[David Choe]] (Los Angeles)
* [[Clandestine Culture]] (Miami) wheatpaste posters
* [[Claw Money]] (New York City)
* [[Robbie Conal]] (Los Angeles) – poster art
* [[Tim Conlon (artist)|Tim "CON" Conlon]] (Alexandria, Virginia) – graffiti, street installations
* [[Cool "Disco" Dan]] (Dan Hogg, Washington, D.C.) – graffiti
* [[Cope2]] (born Fernando Carlo in the Bronx, New York) – graffiti
* [[Cornbread (graffiti artist)|Cornbread]] (born Darryl McCray in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) – graffiti
* [[Shai Dahan]]
* [[Brad Downey]] (born 1980 in Louisville, Kentucky) – film, sculpture, painting and drawing.
* [[El Celso]] (New York City)
* [[Ron English (artist)|Ron English]] – billboards, stencils, murals
* [[Faile (artist collective)|Faile]] (Brooklyn, New York) – artist collective
* [[Shepard Fairey]] (Los Angeles) – street artist and graphic designer; OBEY campaign
* [[Tatyana Fazlalizadeh]] (New York) – ''Stop Telling Women to Smile'' campaign
* [[Futura 2000]] (New York City) – subway writer
* [[Guerrilla Girls]] (New York City)
* [[Graffiti Research Lab]] (New York City)
* [[Dave Halili]] (Los Angeles) – graffiti and album cover artist
* [[Richard Hambleton]] (New York City)
* [[Hanksy]] (New York City)
* [[Indie184]] (New York City)
* [[Kaws]] (New York City)
* [[Keith Haring]] (New York City)
* [[Maya Hayuk]] (New York) – boldly colored murals
* [[IZ the Wiz]] (born November 30, 1958 – June 17, 2009 as Michael Martin) – bold colored work <ref name=Telegraph>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/art-obituaries/5614060/Iz-the-Wiz.html Iz the Wiz] – Daily Telegraph obituary</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Elmer Beruk Unok |url=https://graffitiartist.io/graffiti-artist/ |publisher=Graffiti Artist}}</ref>
* [[Chris Johanson]] (California) - Graffiti, murals, sculpture, installation art
* [[Lady Aiko]] (Brooklyn) – street art
* [[Lady Pink]] (New York)
* [[JonOne]] (New York City) – graffiti
* [[Mark Jenkins (artist)|Mark Jenkins]] (Alexandria, Virginia) – street installations
* [[Michael Kirby (artist)|Michael Kirby]] (Baltimore, Maryland)
* [[Margaret Kilgallen]] (San Francisco)
* [[Knitta Please]] (Houston, Texas) – knitted graffiti
* [[Liz LaManche]] (Boston) – murals, pavement art
* [[Logan Hicks]] (New York City) - American Contemporary Artist
}}

'''M–Z'''
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Barry McGee]] (born 1966 in San Francisco, California; also known as "Twist", "Twister", "Ray Fong" and others)
* [[Greg Mike]] (Atlanta) – street art, murals, Loudmouf Icon
* [[Eric Millikin]] (Detroit)
* [[Mr. Brainwash]] (Los Angeles)
* [[Mear One]] (Los Angeles)
* [[Mister Cartoon]] (Los Angeles) – tattoo, graffiti
* [[Alec Monopoly]] (Los Angeles) – street art, fine art, murals
* [[Morley (artist)|Morley]] (Los Angeles) – wheatpaste artist
* [[Neck Face]] (California) – graffiti
* [[Nsumi]] (New York City) – art collective
* [[Crocheted Olek|Olek]] (New York City) – street installations
* [[Pat Perry (artist)|Pat Perry]] – itinerant muralist
* [[Plastic Jesus (artist)|Plastic Jesus]] (Los Angeles) – graffiti, street installations
* [[Poster Boy (street artist)|Poster Boy]] (New York City) – [[New York City Subway]] street artist
* [[Stephen Powers (artist)|Stephen Powers (ESPO)]]
* [[Annie Preece]] (Los Angeles)
* [[Priz-one]] (New York City) – graffiti
* [[Rammellzee]] (New York City) – gothic futurist, graffiti
* [[RETNA|Retna]] (born Marquis Lewis 1979; Los Angeles) – graffiti
* [[Revs (graffiti artist)|Revs]] (New York City), graffiti and urban art
* [[Jorge Rodriguez-Gerada]] (New York City) – urban art, culture jamming
* [[Stephanie Rond]] (Columbus, Ohio)
* [[Rubin415]] (New York City) - graffiti
* [[Saber (artist)|Saber]] (Los Angeles) – graffiti
* [[Sabo (street artist)|Sabo]] (Los Angeles)
* [[SAMO]] (New York City)
* [[Sane Smith]] (New York City)
* [[Scape Martinez]] (California) – abstract expressionist, graffiti, public art installations
* [[Kenny Scharf]] (Los Angeles)
* [[Seen (artist)|Seen]] (New York City) – "The godfather of graffiti", tattoos, toys
* [[Sidewalk Sam]] (Boston) – pavement art
* [[SJK 171]] (New York City) – graffiti writing pioneer
* [[Skullphone]] (Los Angeles)
* [[Smear (Cristian Gheorghiu)]] (Los Angeles) – graffiti, street art, contemporary painter
* [[The Splasher]] (New York City) – a serial vandal who splattered other works of street art with paint
* [[Stay High 149]] (born Wayne Roberts; October 20, 1950 – June 11, 2012; New York) – graffiti artist<ref>{{cite book|last=Millor|first=Ivor|title=Aerosol kingdom: subway painters of New York City|year=2002|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-57806-465-6|pages=41}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pollitt|first=Katha|title=Rev. of ''Graffiti, Gays & A Dull Diary''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eeYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT56|access-date=June 2, 2010|newspaper=[[Mother Jones Magazine]]|date=November 1982}}</ref>
* [[Melanie Stimmell]] (Los Angeles) – Madonnari-style street painting
* [[Swoon (artist)|Swoon]] (New York City) – cut out, wheatpasting
* [[TAKI 183]] (Bronx, New York) – graffiti writing pioneer
* [[Jacek Tylicki]] (New York City) – early street art – art war
* [[Erni Vales]] (New York City]
* [[Dan Witz]] (Brooklyn, New York)
* [[Jason Wulf]] (New York City) – graffiti artist
* [[XVALA]] (primarily Los Angeles) - street installations, stencils, graffiti
* [[Tavar Zawacki]] (San Francisco) - Street art pioneer. Stencils, installation art, contemporary painter.
}}

==Asia==
=== Afghanistan ===
* [[Shamsia Hassani]] – street art, digital art

===Hong Kong===

* [[Tsang Tsou Choi]], also known as "King of Kowloon" – graffiti

===India===

* [[Daku (artist)|Daku]], pseudonymous – graffiti, social commentary
* [[Yantr]], pseudonymous – machines, social commentary

===Iran===

* [[A1one]], also known as "Tanha" – graffiti, street Art
* [[Black Hand (graffiti artist)|Black Hand]] – pseudonymous stencil artist
* [[Reza Rioter]] – graffiti

===Israel===

*[[Solomon Souza]] – spray-paint art
*[[Addam Yekutieli|Know Hope]] - Social Practice artist

===Korea===

*[[Royal Dog]] - graffiti writing, spray murals

===Pakistan===

*[[Sanki King]] (Karachi) – graffiti, street art, sneaker art

===Thailand===
* [[Headache Stencil]]

===Yemen===
* [[Murad Subay]], known for his street art campaigns, that engage the community in doing art and murals to express themselves via art – street art and graffiti

==Europe==
===Belgium===

* [[ROA (artist)|ROA]] – graffiti (animals and birds)

===Denmark===

* [[Tejn (artist)|TEJN]] – [[Lock On (street art)|Lock On street sculptures]], paste up, stencil, installation, conceptual art

===Finland===

* [[Sampsa (street artist)|Sampsa]] – graffiti, stencil art and painting

===France===

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[André (artist)|André]] (born 1971 as André Saraiva; also known as "Mr. A", "Monsieur A" or "Monsieur André") – Swedish-Portuguese graffiti artist; lives in [[Paris]]
* [[Ash (artist)|Ash]] – graffiti
* [[Blek le Rat]] – stencil graffiti, poster art
* [[C215 (street artist)|C215]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Darco]] (born 1968 as Darco Gellert in Bielefeld, Germany) – graffiti artist; lives and works in [[Paris]]
* [[EL Seed]] – calligraphy graffiti
* [[Ememem]] – anonymous street mosaic artist
* [[Invader (artist)|Invader]] – mosaic
* [[Jef Aérosol]] – stencil graffiti
* [[JR (artist)|JR]] – graffiti, poster art, photography
* [[Kim Prisu ]]- stencil graffiti
* [[Thierry Noir]] – [[Berlin Wall]] artist
* [[M. Chat]] (Thoma Vuille, born July 16, 1977) – graffiti
* [[Miss.Tic]] – stencil
* [[Miss Van]] – graffiti
* [[Seb Toussaint]] – street art, murals
* [[Zevs (artist)|Zevs]] (born 1977) – anonymous street artist

}}

===Georgia===

* [[Gagosh (street artist)|Gagosh]] – street artist; stencil, graffiti, mosaics, installation
* [[Dr. Love (artist)|Dr. Love]] – street artist, graffiti

===Germany===

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[3Steps]] (founded 1998) – a contemporary street artist collective between the twins Kai Harald Krieger (born March 15, 1980) and Uwe Harald Krieger (born March 15, 1980) and Joachim Pitt (born December 8, 1980)
* [[DAIM]] (born 1971 in Lüneburg as Mirko Reisser) – graffiti
* [[Darco]] see: ''France''
* [[Christian Krämer (Dome)|DOME]] (real name: Christian Krämer) – street art, murals, urban art
* [[El Bocho]] (Berlin) – street art
* [[Boris Hoppek]] (born 1970, in Kreuztal; also known as "Forty") – contemporary artist based in [[Barcelona]]; artistic roots lie in graffiti, but today his work spans painting, photography, video, sculpture and installation art
* [[Irmela Mensah-Schramm]] – hate speech alteration / effacement, archiving
* [[MadC]] (real name: Claudia Walde) – graffiti, graphic design
* [[Klark Kent (graffiti artist)|Klark Kent]] (born 1973 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) – graffiti artist and music producer
* [[van Ray]] (born 1984 in Düsseldorf) – street art and urban art artist
* [[Various & Gould]] – Berlin based street art and urban art duo
* [[Undenk]] (Germany and Australia)
}}

===Greece===


* [[Argiris Ser]] – street art, graffiti, lowbrow
* [[Bleeps.gr]] – street painting, wheatpasting, stencil graffiti
* [[INO (artist)|INO]] – painting, murals, graffiti, street art
* [[Woozy (artist)|Woozy]] (born 1979 as Vaggelis Hoursoglou) – street art, graffiti

===Ireland===

* [[Will St Leger]] – stencil, painting

===Italy===

* [[108 (artist)|108]] – graffiti
* [[Blu (artist)|Blu]] – graffiti, stop motion
*[[Cibo (artist)|Cibo]] – murals over neo-fascist graffiti
* [[Geco (artist)|Geco]] – graffiti<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Povoledo |first1=Elisabetta |title=Rome Tracks Down the Man Behind All That Graffiti. No, It's Not Banksy. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2020-11-14 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/14/world/europe/rome-graffiti-geco.html |language=en-US |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* [[Sten Lex]] – stencil

===The Netherlands===

* [[Ces53]]
* [[Harmen de Hoop]] – art interventions
* {{ill|JDL street art|nl|vertical-align=sup}} - Large scale realistic murals
* [[Leon Keer]] – 3D street artist, anamorphic, street art
* [[Max Zorn (artist)|Max Zorn]]

===Norway===

* [[DOLK (artist)|Dolk]] – graffiti, stencil graffiti
* [[DOT DOT DOT (artist)|DOT DOT DOT]] – graffiti, stencil graffiti
* [[Pøbel]] – graffiti, stencil graffiti
* [[Martin Whatson]] – graffiti, stencil graffiti

===Poland===

* [[Crocheted Olek]] – yarn bombing

===Portugal===

* [[Add Fuel]] (born Diogo Machado) – graffiti
* [[Bordalo II]] – large installations made from recycled trash
* [[Vhils]] – bas relief

===Russia===

* [[Pavel 183]] – graffiti

===Spain===

* [[Cha (artist)|Chanoir]] (Barcelona) – graffiti
* El Xupet Negre (Barcelona) – graffiti
* [[La Mano/Nami]] (Spanish for The Hand) – graffiti artist based in [[Barcelona]]
* [[Muelle]] (Madrid)

===Sweden===

* [[Akay]] – graffiti
* [[Czon]] – sculptures, statues, installations, pasties, graffiti<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hn.se/nyheter/falkenberg/illegal-konst-vid-borgruinen-f%C3%A5r-ber%C3%B6m-1.2215817|title = Illegal konst vid borgruinen får beröm|date = 8 October 2014}}</ref>
* [[Max Magnus Norman]] – sculptures, installations
* [[Nug (graffiti artist)|NUG]] – graffiti, video art

===Switzerland===

* [[Dare (graffiti artist)]] (1968-2010) real name Sigi (Siegfried) von Koeding, was a Swiss graffiti artist and curator
* [[Harald Naegeli]] (born December 4, 1939) – known as the "Sprayer of Zurich" after the graffiti he sprayed in the late 1970s
* [[NEVERCREW]] (Christian Rebecchi, born December 20, 1980; Pablo Togni, born September 29, 1979) – mural paintings, installations

===United Kingdom===

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Banksy]] (Bristol) – graffiti, stencil graffiti
* [[Cartrain]] (London-Leytonstone) – stencil, collage
* [[James Cochran (artist)|James Cochran]] (London) – graffiti, street art, murals
* [[Andy Council]] (Bristol) – graffiti, murals
* [[Cutup]] (London) – billboards
* [[Darren Cullen (graffiti artist)|Darren Cullen]] (London) – graffiti, stencil graffiti
* [[Robert Del Naja]] (Bristol) (also known as 3D) – graffiti, street art, album covers
* [[Guy Denning]] (born Bristol) – stencil graffiti, paste-up, painting
* [[Ben Eine]] – street art, alphabet letters
* [[Inkie]] (Bristol and London) – graffiti, street art, grap design
* [[Paul Insect]] (London) – graffiti, stencil graffiti, street art
* [[Alex Martinez (graffiti artist)|Alex Martinez]] (Notting Hill, London) – graffiti, street art
* [[My Dog Sighs]] (Portsmouth) – street art, murals
* [[Adam Neate]] (London) – art on cardboard
* [[King Robbo]] (London) – graffiti, trainwriting, street art
* [[Sickboy (artist)|Sickboy]] (Bristol and London) – graffiti, street art
* [[Rich Simmons]] (Croydon) – street art, stencil graffiti, pop art
* [[Stik]] (London) – graffiti, street art
* [[Temper (artist)|Temper]] (Birmingham/Wolverhampton) – graffiti, canvas
* [[Seb Toussaint]] – street art, murals, canvas
* [[Nick Walker (artist)|Nick Walker]] (Bristol) – graffiti, murals
* [[Phlegm (artist)|Phlegm]] (Sheffield) – murals, street art
* [[Christiaan Nagel]] (London) – The Mushroom Man, street art sculpture
* [[Sweet Toof]] (London) – graffiti, murals
* [[DNZ (Artist)|D.N.Z]] (London) - Stencil art
}}

==Oceania==
===Australia===

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Civilian (street artist)|Civilian]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Luke Cornish]] (also known as "E.L.K.")) – stencil graffiti
* [[Lushsux]] - graffiti
* [[Facter]] (also known as "Fletcher Andersen")) – graffiti, street art & toy designer
* [[Fred Fowler]] – stencil art, post-graffiti
* [[Jisoe]] – graffiti
* [[Juilee Pryor]] – murals
* [[Meek (street artist)|Meek]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Mini Graff]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Pam the Bird]] - graffiti
* [[Phibs]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Prism (street artist)|Prism]] – stencil graffiti
* [[Rone]] – stencil graffiti, street poster art
* [[Shida (artist)|Shida]] – murals
* [[Stormie Mills]] – graffiti art
* [[Vexta]] – stencil graffiti
* [[ZAM-1]] – graffiti
}}

==See also==
{{portal|Biography|Lists|Visual arts}}
* [[Lists of artists by nationality]]
{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Street art|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Street art}}
[[Category:Lists of artists by medium]]
[[Category:Street artists|*]]

Talk:DNZ (Artist)

2025-09-30T16:35:48Z

Notjamesbond: add wikiproject graffiti

== Add to WikiProjects ==

{{WikiProject Biography}}{{visual arts}}{{WikiProject Graffiti}}
[[User:Notjamesbond|Notjamesbond]] ([[User talk:Notjamesbond|talk]]) 14:53, 30 September 2025 (UTC)

List of stencil artists

2025-09-30T16:34:34Z

Notjamesbond: /* Notable stencil artists (by country of origin) */ add link to DNZ

{{short description|None}}



==Notable stencil artists (by country of origin)==
Notable stencil artists include:
[[File:Alasti keiser, Edward von Lõnguse töö Tartus.JPG|thumb|"[[The Emperor's New Clothes|The naked emperor]]" by Estonian stencil artist [[Edward von Lõngus]] in [[Tartu]].]]

===Australia===
*[[Civilian (street artist)|Civilian]] (Australia) - [[stencil graffiti]]
*[[Meek (street artist)|Meek]] (Australia) - stencil graffiti
*Reks (Australia) - stencil graffiti, art urbain, graffiti, street poster art

=== Brazil ===
* [[Alex Vallauri]] - stencil graffiti

=== Belgium ===
* Jaune - stencil graffiti, Brussels

===Canada===
*[[Posterchild (street artist)|Posterchild]] (Canada) - stencil graffiti, street poster art

===Estonia===
*[[Edward von Lõngus]] ([[Estonia]]) - stencil graffiti

===France===
*[[Blek le Rat]] (France) - stencil graffiti, [[art intervention]]
*[[C215 (street artist)|C215]] (France) - stencil graffiti
*[[Miss Tic]] (France) - stencil graffiti
*[[Jef Aerosol]] (France) - stencil graffiti
*Epsylon .(France) - stencil graffiti
*Kim Prisu Nuklé-art (France) - stencil graffiti, art urbain
*Marie Rouffet (France) - stencil graffiti
*VR, Hervé Morlay (France) - stencil graffiti
*Monkeybirds (France) - stencil graffiti

===Germany===
*[[van Ray]] (Germany) - stencil graffiti
*Fake (Germany) - stencil graffiti, art urban

===Italy===
*[[Sten Lex]] (Italy) - stencil graffiti
*[[kocore]] (Italy) - stencil graffiti
*koi (Italy) - stencil graffiti
*[[Lucamaleonte]] (Italy) - stencil graffiti
*[[Jbrock]] (Italy) - stencil graffiti
*Nemea (Italy) - stencil graffiti
*Hogre (Italy) - stencil graffiti

===Norway===
* [[Dolk (artist)|Dolk]] (Norway) - stencil graffiti, graffiti
* [[DOT DOT DOT (artist)|DOT DOT DOT]] (Norway) - stencil graffiti, graffiti
* [[Pøbel]] (Norway) - stencil graffiti, graffiti

===Netherlands===
* [[Tinker Brothers]] (Netherlands)
* [[:nl:Hugo_Kaagman|Hugo Kaagman]] (Netherlands)

===Russia===
*N888K (Russia) - stencil graffiti, art urban
*Zoom (Russia) - stencil, art , street poster art, art intervention

===United Kingdom===
*[[Banksy]] (UK) - stencil graffiti, art intervention
*[[DNZ (Artist)|D.N.Z (UK)]] - stencil graffiti, art, London
*[[JPS (stencil artist)|JPS]] (UK) - stencil graffiti, art, Weston-Super-Mare
*[[909 Art (stencil artist)|909 Art]] (UK) - stencil graffiti, art, Kettering.
*Catman (UK) - stencil graffiti, art, Whitstable
*Being (UK) - stencil graffiti, art, London
*MyPenLeaks (UK) - stencil graffiti, art, Brighton

===Switzerland===
*[[NEVERCREW]] (CH) - stencil graffiti, mural paintings, installations, art intervention

===United States===
*[[Tavar Zawacki]] f.k.a. 'ABOVE' (United States) - stencil graffiti, art intervention, [[screenprinting]]
*[[FAILE (artist collaboration)|Faile]] (USA/Canada/Japan) - stencil graffiti, street poster art, screenprinting
*[[Ray Ferrer]] (USA) - spray paint, hand-cut stencils
*[[Josh MacPhee]] (USA) - stencil graffiti, street poster art, screenprinting
*[[Scott Williams (artist)|Scott Williams]] (USA)
*[[Christopher Wool]] (USA)
*[[Shepard Fairey]] (USA) - stencil graffiti, street poster art, screenprinting, political art
*[[WRDSMTH]] (USA) - stencil graffiti, street poster art, poetry

==See also==

{{Street_Art}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Stencil Artists}}
[[Category:Lists of artists by medium|Stencil artists]]
[[Category:Graffiti artists]]

DNZ (Artist)

2025-09-30T16:32:15Z

Notjamesbond: add LA to US places painted

{{Infobox artist
| name = D.N.Z
| image = [[File:The Artist DNZ by a graffiti covered wall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DNZ, the artist, in front of a graffiti-covered wall]]
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = British
| field = Street art, murals
| movement = Street art
| notable_works = RNLI mural (Rhyl); “Strung along lover” (Hackney); mural series in Wales; works in Denver/Florida/Los Angeles
| awards = Shortlisted, Dubel Prize ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' (2025)
}}

'''DNZ''' (also stylised '''D.N.Z''') is an anonymous street artist whose works have appeared in London, Wales, and internationally (including in Denver and Florida). His stencilled murals, sometimes compared to [[Banksy]], mix political, symbolic, and figurative themes, while maintaining the artist's anonymity.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |title=DNZ the anonymous artist bringing art to the streets of Hackney |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/05/24/dnz-the-anonymous-artist-bringing-art-to-the-streets-of-hackney/ |website=Inspiring City |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Street work ==
DNZ's street art has appeared in several parts of the United Kingdom and abroad.

In [[Hackney, London]], he created a piece titled '''Strung along lover''' on 25 February beside a red phone box on Southgate Road. A video on his Instagram shows the artist stencilling a silhouette of a woman connected by phone-line to the box. <ref name="HackneyGazette">{{cite web |title=DNZ is artist behind Banksy-style graffiti in Hackney |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/24173256.dnz-artist-behind-banksy-style-graffiti-hackney/ |work=Hackney Gazette |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also painted near Belsize Park Tube station, including imagery of a child in a gas mask under the words “World War Free.” <ref name="HackneyGazette"/>

In [[Wales]], DNZ was identified as the creator of a mural in Rhyl paying tribute to the [[RNLI]], described locally as “Banksy-style” and later protected with perspex. <ref name="BBC2023">{{cite news |title=Rhyl: Banksy-style RNLI tribute gets perspex protection |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461 |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2023 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="RhylJournal">{{cite web |title=Next artist behind Rhyl RNLI Banksy-style mural |url=https://www.rhyljournal.co.uk/news/23228860.next-artist-behind-rhyl-rnli-banksy-style-mural/ |work=Rhyl Journal |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, he produced a series of five murals across Denbighshire and Flintshire:
* a cow in Mold (on the Tafarn Derwen pub),
* an owl in a Trefnant bus shelter,
* a knight on horseback in Ruthin (interpreted as [[Owain Glyndŵr]]),
* a pheasant in St Asaph,
* and a boy with an umbrella on Rhyl promenade. <ref name="WalesOnline2023">{{cite news |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals across Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |work=WalesOnline |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Another early mural in [[Rhos on Sea]] — depicting an angler hooking a fish-shaped bikini bra — vanished within 12 hours of being completed. Painted on metal sheeting covering a property, the sheets were removed and taken. The thieves assuming that due to its style, it was a [[Banksy]]. <ref name="WalesOnlineVanish">{{cite news |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |work=WalesOnline |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

In [[Denbigh]], additional works including pigeons, rabbits, and ants appeared in 2024, again sparking speculation about Banksy before DNZ claimed them. <ref name="BBC2024">{{cite news |title=Denbigh: Banksy-style murals prompt speculation in town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943 |work=BBC News |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Outside the UK, DNZ's works have appeared on the streets of [[Denver]] and [[Florida]] in the United States, and he has also painted pieces in [[Los Angeles]]. <ref name="InspiringCity2025"/>

== Style and themes ==
DNZ utilises multi-layer stencil techniques and bold graphic visuals.<ref name="HackneyGazette"/> His murals often explore themes such as social justice, symbolism, and urban life, frequently referencing local settings or historical events.<ref name="InspiringCity2025"/> Media coverage has repeatedly compared his work to [[Banksy]] due to anonymity and stencil methods, although DNZ emphasises his own distinct style.<ref name="BBC2023"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/>

== Reception ==
His murals have attracted significant media coverage and public intrigue, with some initially attributed to Banksy before DNZ claimed them. The Hackney and Wales works in particular drew strong responses locally. <ref name="HackneyGazette"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/><ref name="BBC2023"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2025, DNZ was shortlisted as an ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' finalist for the Dubel Prize, a competition highlighting emerging contemporary artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.N.Z – The Dubel Prize |url=https://dubelprize.com/pages/d-n-z?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Dubel Prize |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banksy]]
* [[Stencil graffiti]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:DNZ (Artist)}}

[[Category:Anonymous artists]]
[[Category:Graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Street artists]]
[[Category:British contemporary artists]]
[[Category:British artists]]
[[Category:Artists from London]]
[[Category:Public art in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Unidentified people]]

DNZ (Artist)

2025-09-30T15:10:43Z

Notjamesbond: add categories and remove categorise tag

{{Infobox artist
| name = D.N.Z
| image = [[File:The Artist DNZ by a graffiti covered wall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DNZ, the artist, in front of a graffiti-covered wall]]
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = British
| field = Street art, murals
| movement = Street art
| notable_works = RNLI mural (Rhyl); “Strung along lover” (Hackney); mural series in Wales; works in Denver/Florida
| awards = Shortlisted, Dubel Prize ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' (2025)
}}

'''DNZ''' (also stylised '''D.N.Z''') is an anonymous street artist whose works have appeared in London, Wales, and internationally (including in Denver and Florida). His stencilled murals, sometimes compared to [[Banksy]], mix political, symbolic, and figurative themes, while maintaining the artist's anonymity.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |title=DNZ the anonymous artist bringing art to the streets of Hackney |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/05/24/dnz-the-anonymous-artist-bringing-art-to-the-streets-of-hackney/ |website=Inspiring City |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Street work ==
DNZ's street art has appeared in several parts of the United Kingdom and abroad.

In [[Hackney, London]], he created a piece titled '''Strung along lover''' on 25 February beside a red phone box on Southgate Road. A video on his Instagram shows the artist stencilling a silhouette of a woman connected by phone-line to the box. <ref name="HackneyGazette">{{cite web |title=DNZ is artist behind Banksy-style graffiti in Hackney |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/24173256.dnz-artist-behind-banksy-style-graffiti-hackney/ |work=Hackney Gazette |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also painted near Belsize Park Tube station, including imagery of a child in a gas mask under the words “World War Free.” <ref name="HackneyGazette"/>

In [[Wales]], DNZ was identified as the creator of a mural in Rhyl paying tribute to the [[RNLI]], described locally as “Banksy-style” and later protected with perspex. <ref name="BBC2023">{{cite news |title=Rhyl: Banksy-style RNLI tribute gets perspex protection |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461 |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2023 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="RhylJournal">{{cite web |title=Next artist behind Rhyl RNLI Banksy-style mural |url=https://www.rhyljournal.co.uk/news/23228860.next-artist-behind-rhyl-rnli-banksy-style-mural/ |work=Rhyl Journal |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, he produced a series of five murals across Denbighshire and Flintshire:
* a cow in Mold (on the Tafarn Derwen pub),
* an owl in a Trefnant bus shelter,
* a knight on horseback in Ruthin (interpreted as [[Owain Glyndŵr]]),
* a pheasant in St Asaph,
* and a boy with an umbrella on Rhyl promenade. <ref name="WalesOnline2023">{{cite news |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals across Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |work=WalesOnline |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Another early mural in [[Rhos on Sea]] — depicting an angler hooking a fish-shaped bikini bra — vanished within 12 hours of being completed. Painted on metal sheeting covering a property, the sheets were removed and taken. The thieves assuming that due to its style, it was a [[Banksy]]. <ref name="WalesOnlineVanish">{{cite news |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |work=WalesOnline |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

In [[Denbigh]], additional works including pigeons, rabbits, and ants appeared in 2024, again sparking speculation about Banksy before DNZ claimed them. <ref name="BBC2024">{{cite news |title=Denbigh: Banksy-style murals prompt speculation in town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943 |work=BBC News |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Outside the UK, DNZ's works have appeared on the streets of [[Denver]] and [[Florida]] in the United States, and he has also displayed pieces in [[Los Angeles]]. <ref name="InspiringCity2025"/>

== Style and themes ==
DNZ utilises multi-layer stencil techniques and bold graphic visuals.<ref name="HackneyGazette"/> His murals often explore themes such as social justice, symbolism, and urban life, frequently referencing local settings or historical events.<ref name="InspiringCity2025"/> Media coverage has repeatedly compared his work to [[Banksy]] due to anonymity and stencil methods, although DNZ emphasises his own distinct style.<ref name="BBC2023"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/>

== Reception ==
His murals have attracted significant media coverage and public intrigue, with some initially attributed to Banksy before DNZ claimed them. The Hackney and Wales works in particular drew strong responses locally. <ref name="HackneyGazette"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/><ref name="BBC2023"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2025, DNZ was shortlisted as an ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' finalist for the Dubel Prize, a competition highlighting emerging contemporary artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.N.Z – The Dubel Prize |url=https://dubelprize.com/pages/d-n-z?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Dubel Prize |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banksy]]
* [[Stencil graffiti]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:DNZ (Artist)}}

[[Category:Anonymous artists]]
[[Category:Graffiti artists]]
[[Category:Street artists]]
[[Category:British contemporary artists]]
[[Category:British artists]]
[[Category:Artists from London]]
[[Category:Public art in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Unidentified people]]

Talk:DNZ (Artist)

2025-09-30T14:53:48Z

Notjamesbond: /* Add to WikiProjects */ new section

== Add to WikiProjects ==

{{WikiProject Biography}}{{visual arts}}
[[User:Notjamesbond|Notjamesbond]] ([[User talk:Notjamesbond|talk]]) 14:53, 30 September 2025 (UTC)

User:Notjamesbond

2025-09-30T14:44:56Z

Notjamesbond: add DNZ

[[File:Symbol support vote.svg|15x15px|link=Tuition fees in the United Kingdom|Notjamesond helped to make Tuition fees in the United Kingdom a good article.]]
<table style="background: none; padding: 0px;"><tr><td valign="top">
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{| class="radius" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| width="1%" height="10" style="border-left:2px solid #0581B5; border-top:2px solid #0581B5" | <div style="margin-top:-12px"> </div>
| style="border-top:2px solid #0581B5; border-right:2px solid #0581B5" | <div style="margin-top:-12px"> </div>
|-
| style="border-left:2px solid #0581B5; padding-left:.3em; padding-right:.3em" | [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|23px]]
| style="background:#CAEBF5; border:1px solid #0581B5; border-right:2px solid #0581B5; -moz-border-radius-topleft:.5em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:.5em; padding-left:.5em" | <div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 95%;">'''About me:'''</div>
|-
| colspan="2" style="border:2px solid #0581B5; border-top:0; padding:.3em; padding-top:8px; font-size:95%" | <div style="margin-bottom:2px; padding:.5em; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #0581B5; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;">
I am a British user who lives in the north of England. I make edits on all sorts of things, particularly the sport of boxing but also UK politics and more recently I've been working on some health and safety related regulations in the UK.
</div></div>
|}

{{User England}}
{{User British}}
{{Template:User ancestry English}}
{{User:Hikari/Userboxes/User Yorkshire Ancestry}}
{{User:Octane/userboxes/User Scottish Ancestry}}
{{Template:User Welsh-ancestry}}
{{User WikiProject Boxing}}
{{User WikiProject Yorkshire}}
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics of the United Kingdom/userbox}}
{{User WPBiography}}
{{User DYK|4}}
{{User:Ilikepie2221/UBX/MadeArticles|76}}
{{User:JohnRussell/wikipedianumedits|2,500}}
{{User Good Articles reviewed|2}}
{{User wikipedia/autopatrolled}}

===Created Articles===
====Boxing Biographies====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-5}}
* {{Flagicon|ZIM}} [[Ian Napa]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Darren Barker]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Don Broadhurst]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Gethin]]
* {{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Ricky Burns]]
* {{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Osumana Akaba]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Truscott]]
* {{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Tshifhiwa Munyai]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Power]]
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Owain Glyndŵr

2025-09-30T14:43:12Z

Notjamesbond: /* Modern legacy */ add link

{{Short description|Leader of a Welsh revolt against English rule}}
{{Redirect|Owen Glendower|other uses|Owen Glendower (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Owain Glyndŵr
| title =
| image = Owain Glyndŵr portrait.png
| image_size =
| caption = Portrait of Owain Glyndŵr from his great seal
| succession = Baron of Glyndyfrdwy, and Lord of Cynllaith Owain
| predecessor = Lord Gruffydd Fychan II
| successor = Abolished
| succession1 = [[Prince of Wales#Post-conquest claimants|Prince of Wales]]
| predecessor1 = '''Welsh:'''<br/>[[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]] (1282–1283)<br/>'''English:'''<br/>[[Henry of Monmouth]] (1399–1400)
| successor1 = '''Welsh:'''<br/>Vacant<br/>'''English:'''<br/>[[Edward of Westminster]] (1453–1471)
| reign = {{circa|1370–1400}}
| reign1 = 1400–1415{{efn|1400–1409 could be considered the dates of his reign considering the year of his disappearance.}}
| reign-type =
| birth_name = Owain ap Gruffydd
| birth_date = 28 May 1354 (1349/1359?){{efn|A manuscript recorded the date of birth; however, Lewis Owen placed the date five years earlier in 1349,{{sfn|Pennant|1784|page=326}} whilst other sources claim 1359.{{sfn|BBC|nd}}}}
| birth_place = [[Sycharth]],<br />[[Wales]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1415|09|20|1354|5|20|df=y}}
| death_place =
| burial_date = 21 September 1415
| burial_place = (unknown location){{efn|The [[Scudamore family]] oral tradition has it that he died and was buried in [[Monnington on Wye|Monnington Straddle]], [[Herefordshire]] on [[St. Matthew's Day]] (21/9). However, more modern sources dispute this, instead raising various alternative locations to the original burial. Some common locations raised are: the church of Saints Mael and Sulien at [[Corwen]] (close to his home), his estate in [[Sycharth]], or on one of the estates of his daughters' husbands, such as [[Kentchurch]] in South Herefordshire, and also another location in the Monnington area.}}
| spouse = [[Margaret Hanmer]]
| issue = {{ubl|[[Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Alys ferch Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr]]}}
| issue-link = #Issue and descendants
| issue-pipe = among others
| full name =
| house = [[House of Mathrafal|Mathrafal]]
| father = [[Gruffudd Fychan II]]
| mother = Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn
| signature = Glyndwr Pennal 1406.jpg
}}

'''Owain ap Gruffydd''' (28 May 1354{{snd}}20 September 1415), commonly known as '''Owain Glyndŵr''' ({{IPA|cy|ˈoʊain ɡlɨ̞nˈduːr}}, also '''Glyn Dŵr'''; anglicised as '''Owen Glendower''') was a Welsh leader, soldier and military commander in the [[Wales in the late Middle Ages|late Middle Ages]], who led a [[Glyndŵr rebellion|15-year-long Welsh revolt]] with the aim of ending [[Kingdom of England|English]] rule in [[Wales]]. He was an educated lawyer, forming the first Welsh parliament under his rule, and was the last native-born Welshman to claim the title [[Prince of Wales]].

During the year 1400, Glyndŵr, a Welsh soldier and [[Glyndyfrdwy|Lord of Glyndyfrdwy]] had a dispute with a neighbouring [[Peerage of England|English Lord]], the event which spiralled into a national revolt pitted common Welsh countrymen and nobles against the English military. In response to the [[rebellion]], discriminatory [[Penal laws against the Welsh|penal laws]] were implemented against the Welsh people; this deepened civil unrest and significantly increased support for Glyndŵr across Wales. Then, in 1404, after a series of successful castle [[siege]]s and several battlefield victories for the Welsh, Glyndŵr gained control of most of [[Wales]] and was proclaimed by his supporters as the Prince of Wales, in the presence of envoys from several other European kingdoms, and military aid was given from [[France]], [[Brittany]], and [[Scotland]]. He proceeded to summon the first Welsh parliament in [[Machynlleth]], where he outlined his plans for Wales which included building two universities, reinstating the [[medieval]] Welsh [[Cyfraith Hywel|laws of Hywel Dda]], and build an independent Welsh church.

The war continued, and over the next several years, the English gradually gained control of large parts of Wales. By 1409 Owain's last remaining [[castles]] of [[Harlech Castle|Harlech]] and [[Aberystwyth Castle|Aberystwyth]] had been captured by English forces. Glyndŵr refused two royal pardons and retreated to the Welsh hills and mountains with his remaining forces, where he continued to resist English rule by using [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] warfare tactics, until his disappearance in 1415, when he was recorded as having died by one of his followers, [[Adam of Usk]].

Glyndŵr was never captured or killed, and he was also never betrayed despite being a fugitive of the law with a large bounty. In [[Welsh culture]] he acquired a mythical status alongside [[Cadwaladr]], [[Cynon ap Clydno]] and [[King Arthur]] as a folk hero – 'The Foretold Son' ({{Langx|cy|Y Mab Darogan}}). In [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]'' he appears as the character [[Owen Glendower (Shakespeare character)|Owen Glendower]] as a king rather than a prince.

== Early life and marriage==
[[File:Sycharth home of Owain Glyndwr, Last Prince of Wales 02.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The site of Owain Glyndŵr's court at [[Sycharth]]. Only a mound remains after the building was burnt to the ground.]]

Owain ap Gruffydd ({{em|Owain Glyndŵr}}) was born during 1354 in [[Sycharth]], [[North East Wales]], into a powerful [[Welsh Marches|Anglo-Welsh]] [[gentry]] family. His father, [[Gruffydd Fychan II]] had a claim to be hereditary Prince of [[Powys Fadog]] and was the Baron of Glyndyfrdwy and [[Lord]] of [[Cynllaith Owain]], who died around 1370,{{sfn|Gower|2012|p=134}} leaving Glyndŵr's mother Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn, a woman with an accent from [[Ceredigion]] (Deheubarth), a widow when he was still a boy.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=14}} Owain Glyndŵr was a descendant of all three Welsh Royal Principalities ([[royal house]]s). Through his father, he was the heir of the former [[Kingdom of Powys]] ([[House of Mathrafal]]). And through his mother, he was the direct descendant and heir of both [[Deheubarth]] ([[House of Dinefwr]]) and [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] ([[House of Aberffraw]]).<ref name=Davies11/><ref name=Lloyd212/> He may also have been a descendant of the English [[King Edward I of England|King Edward I]], through his granddaughter Eleanor.<ref name=burke/><ref name=Panton/> However, the existence of Eleanor is disputed.{{sfn|Connolly|2021|p=205}}

The young Owain ap Gruffydd was possibly fostered at the home of [[David Hanmer]], a rising lawyer shortly to be a justice of the King's Bench, or at the home of [[Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel]]. Owain is then thought to have been sent to London to study law at the [[Inns of Court]], as a student in [[Westminster]], London,{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=15-16}}<ref name=Pierce/> for over a period of seven years. He was possibly in London during the [[Peasants' Revolt]] of 1381.{{sfn|Evans|2016|page=15}} By 1384, he was living in Wales and married to David's daughter, [[Margaret Hanmer]];{{sfn|Henken|1996|p=4}} their marriage took place, perhaps in 1383, in St Chad's Church, [[Hanmer, Wrexham|Hanmer]] in north-east Wales.{{sfn|Penberthy|2010|p=33}} Although other sources state that they were married in the 1370s.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|p=16}} They started a large family and Owain established himself as the [[squire]] of his ancestral lands at [[Sycharth]] and Glyndyfrdwy.{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=6,22,113}}

===Military service===
Glyndŵr joined the king's military service in 1384 when he undertook garrison duty under the Welshman Sir Gregory Sais on the English–Scottish border at [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]]. His surname Sais, meaning 'Englishman' in Welsh, refers to his ability to speak English, not common in Wales at the time.{{sfn|Carr|1977}} In August 1385, he served King [[Richard II]] under the command of [[John of Gaunt]], again in [[Scotland]].<ref name=tout427/><ref name=davies/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=18}} Then, in 1386, he was called to give evidence at the [[High Court of Chivalry]],<ref name="Pierce" /> in the ''[[Scrope v Grosvenor]]'' trial at [[Chester]] on 3 September that year. In March 1387, Owain fought as a [[squire]] to [[Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel]],<ref name=tout427/> where he saw action in the English Channel at the defeat of a Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off the coast of [[Kent]] during the [[Battle of Margate]]. Upon the death in late 1387 of his father-in-law, Sir David Hanmer, knighted earlier that same year by the then King of England, Richard II, Glyndŵr returned to Wales as executor of his estate.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=20}} Glyndŵr next served as a squire to Henry Bolingbroke (later King [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]),<ref name=Tout428/> son of John of Gaunt, at the short [[Battle of Radcot Bridge]] in December 1387.<ref name="Pierce" /> From 1384 until 1388 he had been active in military service and had gained three full years of military experience in different theatres, and had witnessed some key events and noteworthy people at first hand.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=18–20}}

King Richard was distracted by a growing conflict with the [[Lords Appellant]] from this time on. Glyndŵr's opportunities were further limited by the death of Sir Gregory Sais in 1390 and the sidelining of FitzAlan, and he probably returned to his stable Welsh estates,{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} living there quietly for ten years during his forties. The [[bard]] [[Iolo Goch]], himself a Welsh Lord, visited Glyndŵr in Sycharth in the 1390s and wrote a number of odes to Owain, praising his host's liberality and [[Owain Glyndŵr's Court|writing of Sycharth]], "Very rarely was a bolt or lock to be seen there."{{sfn|Johnston|1993|p=42}}{{sfn|Williams|2011|pages=20–22}}

==Glyndŵr's Welsh rebellion==
{{Main|Glyndŵr rebellion}}
===Prelude to rebellion===
In the late 1390s, a series of events occurred which cornered Owain, and forced his ambitions towards a rebellion. The events would later be called the Welsh Revolt, the Glyndŵr Rising (within Wales), or the Last War of Independence. His neighbour, [[Reynold Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Ruthin|Baron Grey of Ruthin]], had seized control of some land, for which Glyndŵr appealed to the [[Parliament of England|English Parliament]]; however, Owain's petition for redress was ignored. Later, in 1400, Lord Grey did not inform Glyndŵr in time about a royal command to levy feudal troops for Scottish border service, thus enabling him to call Glyndŵr a traitor in London court circles.{{sfn|Allday|1981|p=51}} Lord Grey had stature in the royal court of Henry IV. The law courts refused to hear the case, or it was delayed because Lord Grey prevented Owain's letter from reaching the King, which would have repercussions.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=32}} Sources state that Glyndŵr was under threat because he had written an angry letter to Lord Grey, boasting that lands had come into his possession, and he had stolen some of Lord Grey's horses; and believing Lord Grey had threatened to "burn and slay" within his lands, he threatened retaliation in the same manner. Lord Grey then denied making the initial threat to burn and slay, and replied that he would take the incriminating letter to Henry IV's council and that Glyndŵr would hang for the admission of theft and treason contained within the letter.{{sfn|Mortimer|2013|pp=226-}} The deposed king, Richard II, had support in Wales, and in January 1400 serious civil disorder broke out in the English border city of [[Chester]] after the public execution of an officer of Richard II.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=34}}{{sfn|Skidmore|1978|p=24}}

===Initial revolts===
At Sycharth, in Glyndyfrdwy on 16 September 1400, in front of his immediate family, his in-laws, [[Welsh people]] from [[Berwyn, Denbighshire|Berwyn]], friends from [[North-East Wales]], the [[List of deans of St Asaph|Dean of St Asaph]] totalling 300 men, Owain Glyndŵr prophecised that he was the person to save his people from the English invasions, and proclaimed himself the Prince of Wales. The following day, he instigated a [[Glyndŵr rebellion|15-year rebellion]] against the rule of [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]. Then came a number of initial confrontations between Henry IV and Owain's followers in September and October 1400, as the revolt began to spread around North Wales.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=29–32, 35}} Glyndŵr, the self appointed Prince of Wales and his hundreds of followers launched an assault on Lord Grey's territories burning [[Ruthin]], they continued to [[Denbigh]], [[Rhuddlan Castle|Rhuddlan]], [[Flint, Wales|Flint]], [[Holt, Wrexham|Holt]], [[Oswestry]] and [[Welshpool]], all of which were seen as English towns in Wales. The initial revolt got the attention of the King of England after letters were sent asking for military assistance to combat the Welsh rebels.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=32–33}} Much of northern and central Wales went over to Glyndŵr, and from then on, he would only make an appearance to attack his enemy, his army using effective [[guerrilla warfare]] tactics against the English occupying territories.<ref name="Pierce" />{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=43}}

===Welsh rebellion===
[[File:Monument to Owain Glyndwr's Victory at Hyddgen - geograph.org.uk - 766570.jpg|thumb|Monument to Owain Glyndŵr's victory at the [[Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen]] in 1401|216x216px]]
On [[Good Friday]] (1 April) 1401, 40 of Glyndwr's men who were led by his cousins, [[Rhys ap Tudur]] and Gwilym ap Tudur took [[Conwy Castle]] in [[North Wales]]. In response, King Henry IV appointed [[Henry Percy (Hotspur)]] to bring the country to order. A month later, the King and the English parliament issued an amnesty on 10 March which applied to all rebels with the exception of Owain and his cousins, the [[Tudors of Penmynydd|Tudurs]]; however, both the Tudurs were eventually pardoned after they gave up Conwy Castle on 28 May that same year. Hotspur won a battle at [[Cadair Idris]] two days later, but that was to be his final service for the King of England, as he retired his command as leader of the English troops after dealing with Glyndŵr.<ref name=Tout429/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=41–42}} During that time in the spring of 1401, Glyndŵr appears in South Wales.<ref name=Tout429-430/>

In June, Glyndŵr scored his first major victory in the field at [[Mynydd Hyddgen]] on [[Pumlumon]]; however, retaliation by Henry IV on [[Strata Florida Abbey]] was to follow in October that same year.{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=430}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=43–44}} The rebel uprising had occupied all of North Wales; labourers seized whatever weapons they could, and farmers sold their cattle to buy arms. Secret meetings were held everywhere, and bards "wandered about as messengers of sedition". Henry IV heard of a Welsh uprising at [[Leicester]]; Henry's army wandered North Wales to [[Anglesey]] and drove out [[Franciscan friars]] who favoured Richard II. All the while Glyndŵr, who was in hiding, had his estate at Sycharth forfeited by the King to [[John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset]] on 9 November 1400.<ref name=Tout429/> Then, by autumn, Gwynedd and Ceredigion (which temporarily submitted to England for a pardon) and Powys adhered to the rising against the English rule by supporting the rebellion.<ref name=Tout429-430/> Glyndŵr's attempts at stoking rebellion with help from the Scottish and Irish were quashed, with the English showing no mercy and hanging some messengers.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

As a response to the situation of warfare in Wales, the [[Parliament of England|English Parliament]] between 1401 and 1402 enacted [[penal laws against the Welsh]], designed to coerce submission in Wales, but the result was to create resentment that pushed many Welshmen into the rebellion.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=37}} In the same year, Glyndŵr captured his archenemy Baron Grey de Ruthyn. He held him for almost a year until he received a substantial ransom from Henry. In June 1402, Glyndŵr defeated an English force led by Sir [[Edmund Mortimer, son of the 3rd Earl|Edmund Mortimer]] near [[Pilleth]] (the [[Battle of Bryn Glas]]), where Mortimer was captured. Glyndŵr offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom but, in sharp contrast to his attitude to de Grey, Henry IV refused to pay. Mortimer's nephew could be said to have had a greater claim to the English throne than Henry himself, so his speedy release was not an option. In response, Mortimer negotiated an alliance with Glyndŵr and married one of Glyndŵr's daughters.<ref name="Pierce" />{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=430}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=47–51}} It is also in 1402 that mention of the French and the people of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] helping Owain's daughter Janet, who was negotiating on the continent for her father for two years until 1404.{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|page=215}}

News of the rebellion's success spread across Europe, and Glyndŵr began to receive naval support from [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]]. He also received the support of King [[Charles VI of France]], who agreed to send French troops and supplies to aid the rebellion.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=32, 91}} In 1403 Glyndwr had amassed an army of 4,000 in his first [[Division (military)|division]], and 12,000 soldiers in total. A Welsh army including a French contingent assimilated into forces mainly from [[Glamorgan]] and the [[Rhondda Valleys]] region commanded by Owain Glyndŵr, his senior general [[Rhys Gethin]] and Cadwgan, Lord of Glyn Rhondda, defeated a large English invasion force reputedly led by King Henry IV himself at the [[Battle of Stalling Down]] in [[Glamorgan]].{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|page=250}}{{sfn|Morgan|1911|pages=418–425}}

[[File:Glendower by A.C.Michael.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Depiction of Owain Glyndŵr in battle by [[Arthur Cadwgan Michael]]]]

Glyndŵr, facing years on the run, finally lost his estate in the spring of 1403, when Prince Henry as usual marched into Wales unopposed and burnt down Glyndŵr's houses at Sycharth and Glyndyfrdwy, as well as the [[commote]] of [[Edeirnion]] and parts of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]]. Glyndŵr continued to besiege towns and burn down castles; for 10 days in July that year, he toured the south and southwest of Wales until all of the south joined arms in rebelling against English rule. These actions induced an internal rebellion against the King of England, with the Percys joining the rising.{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=431}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=82}} It is around this stage of Glyndŵr's life that [[Hywel Sele]], a cousin of the Welsh prince, attempted to assassinate Glyndŵr at the [[Nannau, Wales|Nannau]] estate.<ref name=Tout433/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=62, 130, 142}}

In 1403, the revolt became truly national in Wales. Royal officials reported that Welsh students at [[Oxford University|Oxford]] and [[Cambridge University|Cambridge Universities]] were leaving their studies to join Glyndŵr,<ref name=Tout429/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=37}} and also that Welsh labourers and craftsmen were abandoning their employers in England and returning to Wales. Owain could also draw on Welsh troops seasoned by the English campaigns in France and Scotland. Hundreds of Welsh [[archery|archers]] and experienced [[men-at-arms]] left the English service to join the rebellion.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=84}}<ref name=Tout429/>

In 1404, Glyndŵr's forces took [[Aberystwyth Castle]] and [[Harlech Castle]],<ref name="Pierce" /> then continued to ravage the south by burning [[Cardiff Castle]]. Then, a court was held at [[Harlech]] and [[Gruffydd Young]] was appointed as the Welsh [[Chancellor]]. There had been communication to [[Louis I, Duke of Orléans]] in Paris to try (unsuccessfully) to open the Welsh ports to French trade.{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=432}}

=== Crowning as Prince of Wales ===
{{See also|Prince of Wales}}
By 1404, no less than four royal military expeditions into Wales had been repelled, and Owain had solidified his control of the nation. In 1404, he was proclaimed by his supporters Prince of Wales ({{langx|cy|Tywysog Cymru}}) and held parliaments at [[Machynlleth]] and [[Harlech]].{{sfn|Davies|1995|pp=163–164}} He also planned to build two national universities (one in the south and one in the north), to re-introduce the traditional [[Cyfraith Hywel|Welsh laws of Hywel Dda]], and to establish an independent Welsh church. There were envoys from other countries including France, Scotland, and the [[Kingdom of León]] (in Spain). In the summer of 1405, four representatives from every [[commote]] in Wales were sent to Harlech.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=104}}

{{multiple image|thumb|image1=Senedd-dy Owain Glyn Dwr Glyndwr, Machynlleth Parliament House, Cymru Wales 45.JPG|caption1=Rear of the [[Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House, Machynlleth|Parliament House]] in [[Machynlleth]]|image2=Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament at Machynlleth.jpg|caption2=Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament at Machynlleth.{{efn|(Illustration from ''Hutchinson's History of the Nations'', 1915)}}}}

===Tripartite indenture===
{{see also|Tripartite Indenture}}
In February 1405, Glyndŵr negotiated the {{em|Tripartite Indenture}} with Edmund Mortimer and [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland|Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland]]. The Indenture agreed to divide England and Wales among the three of them.<ref name="Pierce" /> Wales would extend as far as the rivers [[River Severn|Severn]] and [[River Mersey|Mersey]], including most of [[Cheshire]], [[Shropshire]] and [[Herefordshire]]. The [[Mortimer]] Lords of March would take all of southern and western England and the [[House of Percy|Percys]] would take the north of England.{{sfn|Davies|1994|p=195}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=107–111}}{{efn|R. R. Davies noted that certain internal features underscore the roots of Glyndŵr's political philosophy in Welsh mythology: in it, the three men invoke prophecy, and the boundaries of Wales are defined according to Merlinic literature.}}
Although negotiations with the lords of Ireland were unsuccessful, Glyndŵr had reason to hope that the French and Bretons might be more welcoming. He dispatched [[Gruffydd Young|Gruffydd Yonge]] and his brother-in-law ([[Margaret Hanmer|Margaret]]'s brother), John Hanmer, to negotiate with the French. The result was a formal treaty that promised French aid to Glyndŵr and the Welsh. The immediate effect seems to have been that joint Welsh and Franco-Breton forces attacked and laid siege to [[Kidwelly Castle]]. The Welsh could also count on semi-official fraternal aid from the Duchy of Brittany and from Scotland.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=75–77}} Scots and French [[privateer]]s were operating around Wales throughout Owain's war. Scottish ships had raided English settlements on the [[Llŷn Peninsula]] in 1400 and 1401. In 1403, a Breton squadron defeated the English in the Channel and devastated [[Jersey]], [[Guernsey]] and [[Plymouth]], while the French made a landing on the [[Isle of Wight]]. By 1404, they were raiding the coast of England, with Welsh troops on board, setting fire to [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]] and devastating the coast of [[Devon]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

1405 was the "Year of the French" in Wales. A formal treaty between Wales and France was negotiated. On the continent, the French pressed the English as the French army invaded the English Plantagenet [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=91–95}} Simultaneously, the French landed in force at [[Milford Haven]] in [[west Wales]], burned [[Haverfordwest]], and attempted to capture [[Pembroke Castle]] before they were bought off.<ref name=Tout433/> The combined forces of French and Welsh took Carmarthen, which Owain had captured in 1403 but lost again. The occupants were given safe passage out, and they burned the town walls. Enguerrand de Monstrelet, a later chronicler gives an uncorroborated account of a march through Herefordshire and on into [[Worcestershire]] to [[Woodbury Hill]], ten miles from [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]. They met the English army and took positions from which they daily and viewed each other from a mile without any major action for eight days. Then, both sides seeming to find engagement too risky, departed.{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=194}}

=== Letter to Charles VI of France ===
{{Main|Pennal Letter}}
{{multiple image|thumb|total_width=500px|image1=Seal impression - Owain Glyndŵr Great Seal (Horseback).jpg|caption1=Owain Glyndŵr Great Seal impression (On horseback)|image2=Owain Glyndŵr's Great Seal impression (on throne).jpg|caption2=Glyndŵr's Great Seal impression (On throne)|image3=Owain Glyndŵr's Privy seal impression (gold dragon and lion).jpg|caption3=Owain Glyndŵr's Privy seal impression (Coat of arms)}}

By 1405, most French forces had withdrawn after politics in [[Paris]] shifted towards peace, with the [[Hundred Years' War]] continuing between England and France.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=95}} On 31 March 1406 Glyndŵr wrote a letter to be sent to Charles VI of France in St Peter ad Vincula church at [[Pennal]], hence its naming after the location it was written at. Glyndŵr's letter requested to maintain military support from the French to fend off the English in Wales. Glyndŵr suggested that in return, he would recognise [[Antipope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] of [[Avignon Papacy|Avignon]] as the [[Pope]]. The letter sets out the ambitions of Glyndŵr for an independent Wales with its own parliament, led by himself as Prince of Wales. These ambitions also included the return of the [[Cyfraith Hywel|traditional law]] of [[Hywel Dda]], rather than the enforced English law, establishment of an independent Welsh church as well as two universities, one in south Wales, and one in north Wales.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=102–104}} Following this letter, senior churchmen and important members of society flocked to Glyndŵr's banner and English resistance was reduced to a few isolated castles, walled towns, and [[fortified manor house]]s.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=104}}

Glyndŵr's Great Seal and a letter handwritten by him to the French in 1406 are in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris. This letter is currently held in the Archives Nationales in Paris. Facsimile copies involving specialist ageing techniques and moulds of Glyndŵr's seal were created by the [[National Library of Wales]] and presented by the heritage minister [[Alun Ffred Jones]] to six Welsh institutions in 2009.{{sfn|National Library of Wales|n.d.}} The royal great seal from 1404 was given to Charles IV of France and contains images and Glyndŵr's title –{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=101}} {{block quote|{{langx|la|Owynus Dei Gratia Princeps Walliae}} –<br/> "Owain, by the grace of God, Prince of Wales".}} Glyndwr referred to himself as the "Prince of Wales" and claimed his "right of inheritance" in these letters{{sfn|Siddons|1991|p=287}}

===The faltering rebellion===
[[File:Dialogues de Pierre Salmon - BNF Fr23279 f1v (scène de dédicace) (cropped).jpeg|thumb|upright|[[Charles VI of France]] did not continue to support Glyndŵr's revolt|left]]

In early 1405, the Welsh forces, who had until then won several easy victories, suffered a series of defeats. Glyndŵr's brother, Lord [[Tudur ap Gruffudd]], a commander during the war, died at the [[Battle of Pwll Melyn]] in May 1405. English forces landed in Anglesey from Ireland and would over time push the Welsh back until the resistance in Anglesey formally ended toward the end of 1406.<ref name=davies />

Following the intervention of French forces, battling ensued for years, and in 1406 Prince Henry restored fines and redemption for Welsh soldiers to choose their own fate, prisoners were taken after the battle, and castles were restored to their original owners, this same year a son of Glyndŵr died in battle. By 1408 Glyndŵr had taken refuge in the North of Wales, having lost his ally from Northumberland.<ref name=Tout433/>

Despite the initial success of the revolution, in 1407 the superior numbers, resources, and wealth that England had at its disposal eventually began to turn the tide of the war, and the much larger and better-equipped English forces gradually began to overwhelm the Welsh. In times of war, the English changed their strategy.{{fact|date=August 2024}} Rather than focusing on punitive expeditions as favoured by his father, the young Prince Henry adopted a strategy of economic blockade. Using the castles that remained in English control, he gradually began to retake Wales while cutting off trade and the supply of weapons. By 1407, this strategy was beginning to bear fruit, and by 1408, the English regained Aberystwyth and then marched north [[Harlech Castle]], which also surrendered during the cold winter into 1409. Edmund Mortimer died during the siege, and Owain's wife Margaret along with two of his daughters (including [[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Catrin]]) and three of Mortimer's granddaughters were captured on the fall of the castle and imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]]. They were all to die in the Tower in 1413 and were buried at [[St Swithin, London Stone]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=123–124, 127, 133–134}} Before his downfall, Glyndŵr was considered the wealthiest of all Welshmen.{{sfn|Carr|1995|pp=108–132}}

Glyndŵr managed to escape capture by disguising himself as an elderly man, sneaking out of the castle and slipping past the English military blockade in the darkness of the night.{{fact|date=August 2024}} Glyndŵr retreated to the Welsh wilderness with a band of loyal supporters; he refused to surrender and continued the war with guerrilla tactics such as launching sporadic raids and ambushes throughout Wales and the English borderlands.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=127–129}}

[[File:Harlech Castle - Cadw photograph.jpg|thumb|[[Harlech Castle]]]]

Glyndŵr remained free, but he had lost his ancestral home and was a hunted prince. He continued the rebellion, particularly wanting to avenge his wife. In 1410, Owain led a raid into rebel-controlled [[Shropshire]],<ref name="Pierce"/> and in 1412, he carried out one of the final successful raids. With his most faithful soldiers, he cut through the King's men in an ambush in [[Brecon]], where he captured, and later ransomed, a leading Welsh supporter of King Henry, [[Dafydd Gam]] ('Crooked David').{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=129–132}} This was the last time that Owain was seen alive by his enemies, although it was claimed he took refuge with the [[Scudamore family]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=135}} In the autumn, Glyndŵr's [[Aberystwyth Castle]] surrendered, while he was away fighting,{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=127–128}} but by then things were changing. Henry IV died in 1413, and his son [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] began to adopt a more conciliatory attitude towards the Welsh. Royal pardons were offered to the major leaders of the revolt and other opponents of his father's regime.{{sfn|Chapman|2015}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}} As late as 1414, there were rumours that the [[Herefordshire]]-based [[Lollard]] leader Sir [[John Oldcastle]] was communicating with Owain, and reinforcements were sent to the major castles in the north and south.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

On 21 December 1411, the King of England issued pardons to all Welsh except their leader and Thomas of Trumpington (until 9 April 1413, from which Glyndŵr was no longer excepted).<ref name=Tout434/> Glyndŵr ignored offers of a pardon on many different occasions, his followers continued to be punished for crimes of war until the 1410s. His death was recorded by a former follower in the year 1415.<ref name=Turvey1223/>

====Disappearance====
Nothing certain is known of Glyndŵr after 1412.<ref name="Pierce" /> Despite enormous rewards being offered, he was neither captured nor betrayed. He ignored royal pardons, and it is thought he died in 1415, and certainly by 1417. [[Adam of Usk]], a one-time supporter of Glyndŵr, and writing after the fact, made the following entry in his Chronicle for the year 1415: {{block quote|"he was buried at night by his followers. But his burial was detected by his opponents; so he was re-buried. But where his body lies is unknown."{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=327}}}}[[Thomas Pennant]] writes that Glyndŵr died on 20 September 1415 at the age of 61 (which would place his birth at approximately 1354).<ref name="pennant">{{harvnb|Pennant|1784|p=393}}</ref><ref name=Tout434/>

Glyndŵr may have lived his last days at [[Kentchurch]] in south [[Herefordshire]], the home of the Scudamore family.<ref name=Turvey1223/> The poet [[Lewys Glyn Cothi]] wrote an elegy for Gwenllian, an illegitimate daughter of Glyndŵr, where it was mentioned that at the time of the Welsh War of independence, the whole of Wales was under Glyndŵr's command, with forty [[dukes]] as the prince's allies, and that later in life he supported 62 female pensioners.{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|page=257}}

There are many folk tales of Glyndŵr donning disguises to gain an advantage over opponents during the rebellion,{{sfn|Bradley|1901|p=280}} and after his disappearance, there has been persistent speculation that the Welsh religious poet, [[Siôn Cent]], the family [[chaplain]] of the Scudamore family,{{sfn|Lewis|1959}} was Owain Glyndŵr in disguise.<ref name="gibbon">{{harvnb|Gibbon|2007}}</ref>

=== Burial===

Although the location of his burial is unknown, there has long been speculation where Glyndŵr's final resting place may be. In 1875, the Rev. [[Francis Kilvert]] wrote in his diary that he saw the grave of "Owen Glendower" in the churchyard at [[Monnington on Wye]] "[h]ard by the church porch and on the western side of it ... It is a flat stone of whitish-grey shaped like a rude obelisk figure, sunk deep into the ground in the middle of an oblong patch of earth from which the turf has been pared away, and, alas, smashed into several fragments."{{sfn|Plomer|1986}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}} Another nearby location is suggested by Adrien Jones, the president of the Owain Glyndŵr Society, who stated, "Four years ago we visited a direct descendant of Glyndŵr, a John Skidmore, at [[Kentchurch Court]], near [[Abergavenny]]. He took us to Mornington Straddle in [[Herefordshire]], where one of Glyndŵr's daughters, Alice, lived. Mr. Skidmore told us that he (Glyndŵr) spent his last days there and eventually died there... It was a family secret for 600 years, and even Mr Skidmore's mother, who died shortly before we visited, refused to reveal the secret. There's even a mound where he is believed to be buried at Mornington Straddle."{{sfn|BBC|2004}}

The historian [[Gruffydd Aled Williams]] suggests in a 2017 monograph that the burial site is in the Kimbolton Chapel near Leominster, the present parish church of St James the Great which used to be the chapelry of [[Leominster Priory]], based upon a number of manuscripts held in [[the National Archives (United Kingdom)|the National Archives]]. Although Kimbolton is an unexceptional and relatively unknown place outside of Herefordshire, it is closely connected to the Scudamore family.{{sfn|Williams|2017}}

==Issue and descendants==
[[File:William Blake, Visionary Head of Owen Glendower, 1819.jpg|thumb|upright|A sketch of Owain Glyndŵr as he appeared to [[William Blake]] in a late-night vision. This is one of a number of such sketches known collectively as the ''[[Visionary Heads]]''.{{sfn|Bentley|2002}}]]
Owain married [[Margaret Hanmer]], also known by her Welsh name Marred ferch Dafydd, and together they had five or six sons and four or five daughters. Also, Owain had some illegitimate children out of wedlock.<ref name="Pierce" /><ref name=Tout434/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=13}}<ref name=Lloyd/>

=== Sons ===
*[[Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr|Gruffudd]] d. 1411.
*Madog.
*[[Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr|Maredudd]] alive in 1421.
*Thomas.
*John.

All of Owain and Margaret's sons from their marriage were either taken prisoner and died in confinement, or [[Killed in action|died in battle]] and had no issue. Gruffudd was captured in [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent]] by Prince Henry, imprisoned in [[Nottingham Castle]], and later taken to the [[Tower of London]] in 1410. Maredudd was recorded as communicating with [[John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|John Talbot]] and the English Crown on 24 February 1416, and receiving a royal [[pardon]] in 1421, but dying a few years later.<ref name =Tout434/><ref name=Lloyd/>

=== Daughters ===
*[[Alys ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Alice]] (Alys), m. [[John Scudamore (landowner)|John Scudamore]] of Ewyas.
*Jane.
*Janet, m. Sir John De [[Croft Castle|Croft]].
*Margaret, m. Sir Richard Monnington.
*[[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Catherine]] (Catrin) (d. 1413), m. (1) [[Edmund Mortimer (rebel)|Edmund Mortimer]] (d. 1409), (2) Roger [[Earl of March|Mortimer]].

Upon Owain's disappearance and death, his eldest (oldest child with descendants) daughter Alice came to be known as the [[Lady]] of Glyndyfrdwy and [[Cynllaith]], and heiress [[de jure]] of the Principalities of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]], [[South Wales]] and [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]. During 1431, she successfully went to court in [[Meirionydd]] to regain her inheritance as the heiress of Sycharth in Glyndyfrdwy against [[John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset| John, Earl of Somerset]], who had been granted Owain's forfeited lands by the King of England in 1400. Alice's descendants married into the Scudamore family and her direct descendant John Lucy Scudamore married the daughter of [[Harford Jones-Brydges]] in the early 19th century, and whose daughter in 1852 married the son of [[Edward Lucas (died 1871)|Edward Lucas]] from the [[Castleshane, County Monaghan|Castleshane]] estate in [[Ireland]]. Another daughter, Jane, married Henry, [[Baron Grey of Ruthin|Lord Grey de Ruthin]] without issue. Then, Janet married into the noble family of [[Croft Castle]] in Herefordshire, whose descendants today are titled the [[Croft baronets of Croft Castle (1671)|Croft Baronets]]. Whilst Margaret married a knight from Monnington, also in Herefordshire.<ref name=Tout429/>{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|pages=252–257}}

=== Illegitimate ===
Glyndŵr's illegitimate children with other women included [[Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr|Ieuan]], Myfanwy and Gwenllian, whilst it is debated whether his son David was born out of wedlock. Ieuan became Glyndŵr's only male descendant to have children. Like his other illegitimate kin, they remained in Wales and married locally into Welsh families. Gwenllian became the wife of Philip ab Rhys ab [[Cenarth]], and died near [[St Harmon]] in Powys ([[Radnorshire]]).{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|pages=252, 257–258}}

===Family poem===
Iolo Goch wrote of Glyndŵr's wife, Margaret:{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=133}}
{{blockquote|The best of wives.
Eminent woman of a knightly family,
Her children come in pairs,
A beautiful nest of chieftains.}}

== Welsh kingdoms lineage ==
Owain Glyndŵr had claims to royal ancestry from all three of the final ruling [[royal house]]s of Wales; Powys ([[House of Mathrafal|Mathrafal]]) and Deheubarth ([[House of Dinefwr|Dinefwr]]), and Gwynedd ([[House of Aberffraw|Aberffraw]]). His claims were clearest for the first two of these:<ref name=Lloyd212/><ref name=Davies11/>

{{Owain GD's Lineage}}

=== Gwynedd ancestry ===
As well as being a direct [[Genealogy|genealogical]] descendant of the final ruling monarchs of Powys and Deheubarth, Owain Glyndwr's ancestors were also descended from the Welsh medieval [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]], descended from the Gwynedd King [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]] (d. 1137), via his great-grandmother Gwenllian.<ref name=Pierce/><ref name=davies12/> However, some sources claim that another [[List of rulers of Gwynedd|ruler of Gwynedd]], [[Llywelyn ap Iorwerth]] (Llywelyn I, The Great d. 1240), Gruffudd ap Cynan's great-grandson, was Glyndwr's nearest Gwynedd royal ancestor.<ref name=Panton/> Elsewhere, a third suggestion is that he was descended from [[Llywelyn II|Llywelyn II, Prince of Wales]] (Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, d. 1282), and his daughter Catherine. Llywelyn II was Llywelyn I's grandson, and also the penultimate Prince of Gwynedd from the final generation of the Aberffraw rulers in Wales before his brother, [[Dafydd III]].<ref name=burke/>{{sfn|Turvey|2010|page=13}} Yet some historians note that Llywelyn II's only recorded child was a daughter, [[Gwenllian of Wales|Gwenllian]], who died in 1337 without issue.{{sfn|Pierce 1959b}}{{sfn|Messer|2017}} Professor [[John Edward Lloyd]] said: "There is no evidence that Llywelyn had any daughter but Gwenllian, born in the last year of his life and after his death confined for the rest of her days as a nun of the order of Sempringham".{{sfn|Lloyd|1919|p=128}} Lloyd's assessment has been repeated by those scholars.{{sfn|Davies|1994|p=154}}{{sfn|Maund|2011}} The claim to Gwynedd heritage through female lines, however, was subject to Welsh law and was legitimate, albeit with the recognition that "the direct male line of Gwynedd had undeniably become extinct in 1378. Its last representative was Owain Lawgoch."{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|p=12}}

==Banners and coat of arms==
<gallery widths="160" heights="160">
File:Arms of Owain Glyndŵr.svg|Owain Glyndŵr's coat of arms. It demonstrates his lineage from the princes of Gwynedd, whose image in the 13th century had been four passive lions. It was also used by [[pretender]] Prince of Wales, [[Owain Lawgoch]].{{sfn|Siddons|1991|p=287}}{{efn|[[Coat of Arms]]: Quarterly or and [[gules]], four [[Lion (heraldry)|lions]] [[Attitude (heraldry)#Rampant|rampant]] armed and langued [[Azure (heraldry)|azure]] counterchanged. The [[banner]] was modified from the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] banner/flag of Prince [[Llywelyn II]].{{sfn|Scott-Giles|1967|p=74}}}}
File:Y Draig Aur Owain Glyndŵr.jpg|alt=Gold dragon of Wales, a flag used by Glyndŵr in his independence campaign.: 238 : 43|[[Gold dragon of Wales]], a modern image of a flag Glyndŵr used in his independence campaign.{{sfn|de Usk|Thompson|1904|p=238}}{{sfn|Ramsay|1892|p=43}}
File:Arms of Owen Glyndwr 02949.jpg|Arms assigned Owain Glyndŵr in ''A Tour in Wales'' by [[Thomas Pennant]] (1726–1798), which chronicles the three journeys he made through Wales between 1773 and 1776.<ref name="pennant" />{{sfn|Pennant|1784|page=326}}
</gallery>

== Legacy ==
In [[Welsh culture]] Glyndŵr acquired a mythical status alongside other medieval [[List of legendary kings of Britain|kings]] such as [[Cadwaladr]], [[Cynon ap Clydno]] and [[King Arthur]]. He was perceived as a folk hero awaiting a call to return and liberate his people in the classic Welsh mythical role – {{lang|cy|Y Mab Darogan}} ("The Foretold Son"). The myth was that one day after a thousand years of servitude under English rule, a 'Son of Prophecy' would return the Welsh people as rulers of the island of [[Great Britain]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=144/5}}{{sfn|Davies|Jenkins|Baines|2008|p=635}} Also, in [[Welsh folklore]], the name [[Owain]] has been connected to a legend of the 'son of destiny'. His claim as the Prince of Wales was similar to that of another distant relative from the Gwynedd dynasty. It was another Owain, [[Owain Lawgoch|Lawgoch]] (Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri) who proclaimed his patrimony a few decades earlier, when he attempted to regain his family stature with aid from the King of France in a Franco-Welsh alliance from the late 1360s, until his assassination in 1378.{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=115–116}}

===Modern legacy===
{{multiple image|total_width=450px|image1=Cofeb Owain Glyn Dŵr, Machynlleth.jpg|caption1=The Owain Glyndŵr Stone in Machynlleth|image2=Owain Glyndŵr at Cardiff City Hall.jpg|caption2=Statue of Glyndŵr at [[City Hall, Cardiff|Cardiff City Hall]]<ref name=Davies152/>|image3=Corwen- Owain Glyndwr Statue (geograph 6130573 cropped).jpg|caption3=Equestrian statue in Corwen}}

*Glyndŵr was described by [[Fidel Castro]] as the first effective guerrilla leader. It has been suggested that Castro, who may have kept books about the Welshman, and [[Che Guevara]] copied some of Glyndŵr's methods in the [[Cuban Revolution]].{{sfn|Roberts|2017}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}}{{sfn|Williams|2003|p=18}}

*During the [[First World War]], the prime minister [[David Lloyd George]] unveiled a statue to Glyndŵr in [[City Hall, Cardiff#Marble Hall|Cardiff City Hall]].{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=v}} A statue of Glyndŵr by the sculptor Simon van de Put was installed in The Square in [[Corwen]] in 1995, and in 2007 it was replaced with a larger equestrian statue by Colin Spofforth.{{sfn|Van Tilburg|2021}}

*Glyndŵr came second to [[Aneurin Bevan]] in the [[100 Welsh Heroes]] poll of 2003/2004.{{sfn|100 Welsh Heroes|2004}} Stamps were issued with his likeness in 1974 and 2008,{{sfn|BBC|2008}} and streets, parks, and public squares were named after him throughout Wales. There is a campaign to make 16 September ([[Owain Glyndŵr Day]]), the date Glyndŵr raised his standard, a [[public holiday]] in Wales, including by [[Dafydd Wigley]] in 2021.{{sfn|Wigley|2021}}

*[[RGC 1404]] (Rygbi Gogledd Cymru/North Wales Rugby) rugby union team is named in honour of the year Owain Glyndŵr was crowned [[Prince of Wales]].{{sfn|BBC|2010}}

*To celebrate the 600th year anniversary of Glyndŵr's life, a monument was erected in Machynlleth in the grounds of Plas Machynlleth.<ref name=Davies152/>

*In January 2025 a mural depicting Glyndwr appeared overnight in [[Ruthin]], North Wales. He was shown on horseback waving a sword. Due to it's technique the work was originally thought to be by Banksy but it was in fact from the artist [[DNZ (Artist)|DNZ]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals appear in Rhyl |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |website=Daily Post |date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref>

====Meibion Glyndŵr====
Glyndŵr is now remembered as a national hero and numerous small groups have adopted his symbolism to advocate [[Welsh independence|independence for Wales]] or Welsh nationalism. For example, during the 1980s, a group calling itself [[Meibion Glyndŵr]] ("the Sons of Glyndŵr") claimed responsibility for the burning of English holiday homes in Wales.{{sfn|Brooke|2018|p=60}}

=== Literature ===
*After Glyndŵr's death, there was little resistance to English rule. The [[Tudor dynasty]] saw Welshmen become more prominent in English society. In ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]'', [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] portrays him as [[Owen Glendower (Shakespeare character)|Owen Glendower]] (the name has since been adopted as the anglicised version of Owain Glyndŵr),{{sfn|Shakespeare|1998|p=288}} wild and exotic; a man who claims to be able to "call spirits from the vasty deep", ruled by magic and tradition in sharp contrast to the more logical but highly emotional Hotspur.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=146}} Glendower is further noted as being "not in the roll of common men" and "a worthy gentleman,/Exceedingly well read, and profited/ In strange concealments, valiant as a lion/And as wondrous affable and as bountiful/As mines of India."{{sfn|Shakespeare|1998|loc=3.1}} His enemies describe him "that damn'd magician", which was in reference to having the weather on his side in battle.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=142}}

*It was not until the late 19th century that Glyndŵr's reputation was revived, when the [[Cymru Fydd]] ("Young Wales") movement recreated Glyndŵr as the father of [[Welsh nationalism]].{{sfn|Arron|2013}}

*Glyndŵr later acquired mythical status as the hero awaiting a call to return and liberate his people.{{sfn|Davies|Jenkins|Baines|2008|p=635}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=137}} [[Thomas Pennant]], in his ''Tours in Wales'' (1778, 1781 and 1783), searched out and published many of the legends and places associated with the memory of Glyndŵr.<ref name="pennant" /> Glyndŵr has been featured in a number of works of modern fiction, including most notably [[John Cowper Powys]]'s novel ''[[Owen Glendower (novel)|Owen Glendower]]'' (1941),{{sfn|Powys|1941}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}} and [[Edith Pargeter]]'s 1972 publication ''A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury''.{{sfn|Parteger|1989}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}}

*A highly fictionalized Glyndŵr is featured in the popular YA book series [[The Raven Cycle]] by [[Maggie Stiefvater]] as Owen Glendower. In the series, which takes place in the [[Shenandoah Valley]], characters believe that Glyndŵr's body was brought from Wales to [[Virginia]] after his death, and that whoever can "wake" him will be granted a favor.{{sfn|Stiefvater|2015}}
*In 2026, a new play by [[Gary Owen (playwright)|Gary Owen]] called ''Owain &'' ''Henry,'' about Glyndŵr's rebellion against the rule of [[Henry IV of England]] in the 15th century, will be performed at the [[Welsh National Theatre]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Owain & Henry |url=https://www.welshnationaltheatre.com/owain-and-henry |access-date=11 September 2025 |website=Welsh National Theatre |language=en-GB}}</ref> with [[Michael Sheen]] playing Glyndŵr.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Michael Sheen to portray 'iconic' Welsh prince Owain Glyndwr |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yr8y5exgpo |access-date=11 September 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh National Theatre to Stage Owain and Henry with Michael Sheen |url=https://www.londontheatrenews.co.uk/news/welsh-national-theatre-to-stage-owain-and-henry-with-michael-sheen |access-date=11 September 2025 |website=London Theatre News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Welsh National Theatre to stage new play, Owain and Henry, with Michael Sheen |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/news/welsh-national-theatre-to-stage-new-play-owain-and-henry-with-michael-sheen_1672047/ |access-date=11 September 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Namesakes ===
{{multiple image|thumb|image1=The 'Owen Glendower', East Indiaman, 1000 Tons. (Entering Bombay Harbour) RMG PY0566.tiff|caption1="Owen Glendower", East Indiaman, entering Bombay Harbour|image2=Vale of Rheidol Railway 7.jpg|caption2=VoR 2-6-2T No.7 "Owain Glyndwr", built at GWR Swindon Works 1923}}

*The [[Owain Glyndwr Hotel]] in [[Corwen]] is a historic 18th century coaching inn.{{sfn|Cadw|n.d.}}
*The Owain Glyndŵr pub in Cardiff, briefly named Owen Glendower was named in his honour.<ref name=Davies152/>
*The waymarked, 132-mile [[long-distance footpath]] [[Glyndŵr's Way]] runs through [[Mid Wales]] near to his homelands.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=153}}
*At least two ships and two locomotives have been named after Glyndŵr:
** In 1808, the [[Royal Navy]] launched a 36-gun [[fifth-rate]] frigate,{{HMS|Owen Glendower|1808|6}}. She served in the Baltic Sea during the [[Gunboat War]] where she participated in the seizure of [[Anholt (Denmark)|Anholt]] Island, and then in the Channel. Between 1822 and 1824, she served in the [[West Africa Squadron]] (or "Preventative Squadron") chasing down [[slave ship]]s, capturing at least two;{{sfn|Burke|2011}}
** Owen Glendower, an [[East Indiaman]], a [[Blackwall frigate]] built in 1839;{{sfn|Royal Museums Greenwich|n.d.}}
** In 1923, a [[2-6-2]]T [[GWR Rheidol Tanks#Preservation|Vale of Rheidol locomotive]] was named after Glyndŵr. The locomotive is still operational and was one of a few used by [[British Rail]] until it was [[privatised]];{{sfn|Johnson|2020}}{{sfn|Reading|Reading|2023}}
** 70010 ''Owen Glendower'', renamed ''Owain Glyndŵr'', built in 1951 at the [[Crewe Works]], it was withdrawn in June 1965. It was a [[BR Standard Class 7|British Railways Standard Class 7]] mixed-traffic steam locomotive.{{sfn|Langston|2012|p=45}}
*In 2002, a plaque was unveiled near the [[Tower of London]] to commemorate Glyndwr's Glyndŵr Catrin who died there with her children.<ref name=Davies152/>
* From 2008 to 2023, [[Wrexham University]] was known as (Wrexham) Glyndŵr University in his honour. Despite dropping the name in 2023, the university maintains links with the Owain Glyndŵr Society for one of its annual graduate awards.{{sfn|Wrexham University|2023}}

==See also==
* [[Owain Glyndŵr Day]]
* [[Owain Glyndŵr's Court]]
* [[Glyndŵr Award]]
* [[Buildings associated with Owain Glyndŵr]]
* [[Welsh rebellions against English rule]]
* [[Welsh heraldry]]
* [[Welsh Seal]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Pierce>{{harvnb|Pierce|1959}}</ref>
<ref name=burke>{{harvnb|Burke|1876|pages=7, 43, 51, 97}}</ref>
<ref name=Davies11>{{harvnb|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=11, 13}}</ref>
<ref name=davies12>{{harvnb|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=12}}</ref>
<ref name=Davies152>{{harvnb|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=152}}</ref>
<ref name=tout427>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=427}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout428>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=428}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout429>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=429}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout429-430>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=429-430}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout433>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=433}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout434>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=434}}</ref>
<ref name=Panton>{{harvnb|Panton|2011|p=173}}</ref>
<ref name=davies>{{harvnb|Davies|1995}}</ref>
<ref name=Lloyd>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1881|page=252}}</ref>
<ref name=Lloyd212>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1881|pages=194, 197, 212}}</ref>
<ref name=Turvey1223>{{harvnb|Turvey|2010|pages=122/3}}</ref>
}}

===Notes===
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|2|indent=yes}}


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*{{cite web
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*{{cite web |title=100 Welsh Heroes |url=http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/homepage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413214449/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/homepage |archive-date=13 April 2014 |website=100welshheroes|date=2004|ref={{harvid|100 Welsh Heroes|2004}}}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=The history of the principality of Wales. : In three parts| first=Robert| last=Burton|location=[[Paternoster Row]], London|year=1730}} – {{google book |id=jKNbAAAAQAAJ |title=A history of the Principality of Wales|pages=154–158}}
*{{cite book| first1= Jon |last1=Latimer| title=Deception in War| year=2001|first2=John|last2= Murray|pages=12–13}}
*{{cite book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|volume=1| first=Walter Bezant| last=Lowe| year=1912|pages=205–207}} – {{google book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|id=93I_AQAAMAAJ|page=205}}
*{{cite book|first= J. E.|last= Lloyd|title=Owen Glendower|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1095859W/Owen_Glendower |year=1931|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}
*{{cite book| first=Owen| last=Morgan| editor-link=Owen Morgan| title=A history of Wales from the Earliest Period: Including Hitherto Unrecorded Antiquarian Lore| year=1911}} – {{google book|id=PkH5CHytrOgC&num|title=A History of Wales}}
*{{cite book|title=Burke's Peerage & Baronetage|edition= 106|first=Charles|last= Moseley|author-link=Charles Moseley (writer)| date=1 August 1999|pages=714, 1295| url=https://www.burkespeerage.com/|issn=0950-4125}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Owain Glyndŵr}}
{{Wikisource|A Short History of Wales/Chapter 15|Owen Glendower}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.canolfanowainglyndwr.org/home|website=canolfanowainglyndwr.org|title=Canolfan & Senedd-Dŷ Owain Glyndŵr (Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament & Centre)}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.owain-glyndwr-soc.org.uk/|website=owain-glyndwr.wales|title= The Owain Glyndŵr Society}}

==Royal succession==
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Powys Fadog| Lordship of Glyndyfrdwy]]||1354|20 September|1415}}
{{s-reg|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gruffydd Fychan II]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Powys Fadog|Hereditary Lord of Glyndyfrdwy]]|years=1369 – {{circa|1415}}}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-hou|[[Prince of Wales]]}}
{{s-bef|before='''Welsh title:''' [[Dafydd ap Gruffudd]] (1283)}}<br />'''English title:''' '''[[Henry V of England]] (1399–1413)'''<br/>'''Pretender: [[Owain Lawgoch]] (1363/78)'''
{{s-tul|title=Prince of Wales|years=1400 – {{circa|1415}}}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales]] (1453{{snd}}1471)}}
{{S-end}}

{{Henriad}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Glyndwr, Owain}}
[[Category:14th-century births]]
[[Category:1410s deaths]]
[[Category:1410s missing person cases]]
[[Category:14th-century Welsh lawyers]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Europe]]
[[Category:15th-century Welsh military personnel]]
[[Category:Glyndŵr rebellion|*]]
[[Category:House of Mathrafal|Owain]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in Wales]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Powys]]
[[Category:Welsh princes|Owain Glyndwr]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Year of death uncertain]]
[[Category:15th-century rebels]]

DNZ (Artist)

2025-09-30T14:41:44Z

Notjamesbond: create page for DNZ (Artist)

{{Infobox artist
| name = D.N.Z
| image = [[File:The Artist DNZ by a graffiti covered wall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DNZ, the artist, in front of a graffiti-covered wall]]
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = British
| field = Street art, murals
| movement = Street art
| notable_works = RNLI mural (Rhyl); “Strung along lover” (Hackney); mural series in Wales; works in Denver/Florida
| awards = Shortlisted, Dubel Prize ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' (2025)
}}

'''DNZ''' (also stylised '''D.N.Z''') is an anonymous street artist whose works have appeared in London, Wales, and internationally (including in Denver and Florida). His stencilled murals, sometimes compared to [[Banksy]], mix political, symbolic, and figurative themes, while maintaining the artist’s anonymity.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |title=DNZ the anonymous artist bringing art to the streets of Hackney |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/05/24/dnz-the-anonymous-artist-bringing-art-to-the-streets-of-hackney/ |website=Inspiring City |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Street work ==
DNZ’s street art has appeared in several parts of the United Kingdom and abroad.

In [[Hackney, London]], he created a piece titled '''Strung along lover''' on 25 February beside a red phone box on Southgate Road. A video on his Instagram shows the artist stencilling a silhouette of a woman connected by phone-line to the box. <ref name="HackneyGazette">{{cite web |title=DNZ is artist behind Banksy-style graffiti in Hackney |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/24173256.dnz-artist-behind-banksy-style-graffiti-hackney/ |work=Hackney Gazette |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also painted near Belsize Park Tube station, including imagery of a child in a gas mask under the words “World War Free.” <ref name="HackneyGazette"/>

In [[Wales]], DNZ was identified as the creator of a mural in Rhyl paying tribute to the [[RNLI]], described locally as “Banksy-style” and later protected with perspex. <ref name="BBC2023">{{cite news |title=Rhyl: Banksy-style RNLI tribute gets perspex protection |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461 |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2023 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="RhylJournal">{{cite web |title=Next artist behind Rhyl RNLI Banksy-style mural |url=https://www.rhyljournal.co.uk/news/23228860.next-artist-behind-rhyl-rnli-banksy-style-mural/ |work=Rhyl Journal |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, he produced a series of five murals across Denbighshire and Flintshire:
* a cow in Mold (on the Tafarn Derwen pub),
* an owl in a Trefnant bus shelter,
* a knight on horseback in Ruthin (interpreted as [[Owain Glyndŵr]]),
* a pheasant in St Asaph,
* and a boy with an umbrella on Rhyl promenade. <ref name="WalesOnline2023">{{cite news |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals across Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |work=WalesOnline |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Another early mural in [[Rhos on Sea]] — depicting an angler hooking a fish-shaped bikini bra — vanished within 12 hours of being completed. Painted on metal sheeting covering a property, the sheets were removed and taken. The thieves assuming that due to it's style, it was a [[Banksy]]. <ref name="WalesOnlineVanish">{{cite news |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |work=WalesOnline |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

In [[Denbigh]], additional works including pigeons, rabbits, and ants appeared in 2024, again sparking speculation about Banksy before DNZ claimed them. <ref name="BBC2024">{{cite news |title=Denbigh: Banksy-style murals prompt speculation in town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943 |work=BBC News |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Outside the UK, DNZ’s works have appeared on the streets of [[Denver]] and [[Florida]] in the United States, and he has also displayed pieces in [[Los Angeles]]. <ref name="InspiringCity2025"/>

== Style and themes ==
DNZ utilises multi-layer stencil techniques and bold graphic visuals.<ref name="HackneyGazette"/> His murals often explore themes such as social justice, symbolism, and urban life, frequently referencing local settings or historical events.<ref name="InspiringCity2025"/> Media coverage has repeatedly compared his work to [[Banksy]] due to anonymity and stencil methods, although DNZ emphasises his own distinct style.<ref name="BBC2023"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/>

== Reception ==
His murals have attracted significant media coverage and public intrigue, with some initially attributed to Banksy before DNZ claimed them. The Hackney and Wales works in particular drew strong responses locally. <ref name="HackneyGazette"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/><ref name="BBC2023"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2025, DNZ was shortlisted as an ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' finalist for the Dubel Prize, a competition highlighting emerging contemporary artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.N.Z – The Dubel Prize |url=https://dubelprize.com/pages/d-n-z?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Dubel Prize |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banksy]]
* [[Stencil graffiti]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Banksy

2025-09-30T14:38:58Z

Notjamesbond: /* Identity */ add link

{{Short description|Graffiti artist, political activist and painter}}
{{For|the payment processor|Banksys}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Banksy
| image = File:banksy-art.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Banksy art on [[Brick Lane]], [[East End of London]], 2004
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Street art]]
| training =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| works = ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''
| signature = Banksy signature-removebg-preview.png
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| patrons =
| awards =
| website = {{Ubl
| {{Official URL}}
| {{URL|pestcontroloffice.com}}
}}
}}

'''Banksy''' is a [[pseudonymous]] England-based [[street art]]ist, [[political activist]], and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Holzwarth|first1=Hans W.|title=100 Contemporary Artists A–Z |date=2009|publisher=Taschen|location=Köln|isbn=978-3-8365-1490-3|page=40|edition=Taschen's 25th anniversary special}}</ref> Active since the 1990s, his satirical [[street art]] and subversive [[epigram]]s combine [[black comedy|dark humour]] with [[graffiti]] executed in a distinctive [[Stencil graffiti|stencilling]] technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls, and bridges throughout the world.<ref>[http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ "The Banksy Paradox: 7 Sides to the World's Most Infamous Street Artist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402080538/http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ |date=2 April 2011 }}, 19 July 2007</ref> His work grew out of the [[Bristol underground scene]], which involved collaborations between artists and musicians.<ref name="tel_banksy">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html |title=Banksy: off the wall |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=24 June 2009 |last=Baker |first=Lindsay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413030104/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html | archive-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> Banksy says that he was inspired by [[Robert Del Naja|3D]], a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group [[Massive Attack]].<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103163406/http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|archive-date=3 January 2012|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref>

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. He no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall on which they were painted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|title=Banksy fans fail to bite at street art auction|work=meeja.com.au|date=30 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016145044/http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|archive-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of his work can be classified as [[temporary art]].<ref name="Expose">{{cite web |title=Banksy: Temporary by Design |url=https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |website=Expose |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120033546/https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A small number of his works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency he created called Pest Control.<ref>Abrams, Loney, [https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 How Does Banksy Make Money? (Or, A Quick Lesson in Art Market Economics)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152508/https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 |date=24 October 2018 }}, ''Artspace'', 30 March 2018</ref> Banksy directed and starred in the documentary film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'', which made its debut at the 2010 [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |title=Banksy film to debut at Sundance |work=BBC News |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=12 April 2010 |author= |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331215252/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2011, it was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|title=Banksy's Exit Through the Gift Shop up for Oscar award|date=25 January 2011|work=BBC Bristol|access-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421060515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> Banksy received the Webby Person of the Year award at the [[2014 Webby Awards]].<ref name="Webby">{{cite web|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |title=2014 Webby Awards Person of the Year |publisher=Webbyawards.com |access-date=30 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104957/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

== Identity ==
Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with [[Simon Hattenstone]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'', Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between [[Jimmy Nail]] and [[Mike Skinner (musician)|Mike Skinner]] of [[The Streets]]."<ref name="spray"/> An [[ITV News]] segment of 2003 featured a short interview with someone identified in the reporting as Banksy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2022 |title=Is this Banksy? Forgotten interview with elusive graffiti artist uncovered from ITV tape vaults |url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[ITV News]] |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054204/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults }}</ref> Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal".<ref name="spray">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|title=Something to spray|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=17 July 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 January 2018|location=UK|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130013652/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly lived in [[Easton, Bristol|Easton]], Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.<ref name="birthdate2"/><ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', Property section, London, 7 July 2018, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|title=Banksy: Map profiling backs theory that graffiti artist is Robin Gunningham|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=7 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712162947/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'' claimed in 2008 that Banksy is Robin Gunningham,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Banksy |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |encyclopedia=[[The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |via=[[The Free Dictionary]] |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812010950/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |url-status=live }}</ref> born on 28 July 1974 in [[Yate]], {{convert|12|mi}} from [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129100919/http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Lonely Planet|title=Great Britain: Southwest England |edition=10th|date=2013|page=282}}</ref><ref name="birthdate">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|last=Adams|first=Tim|title=Banksy: The graffitist goes straight|newspaper=The Observer|date=14 June 2009|location=London|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033501/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="birthdate2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|last=Hines|first=Nico|title=The Secret Life of the Real Banksy, Robin Gunningham|date=11 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|newspaper=The Daily Beast|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925115426/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at [[Bristol Cathedral School]] have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] using [[geographic profiling]] found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham.<ref name="tagging_banksy_independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|title=Banksy: Geographic profiling 'proves' artist really is Robin Gunningham, according to scientists|last1=Sherwin|first1=Adam|date=3 March 2016|work=Independent|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052043/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tagging_banksy_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Hauge|first1=Michelle V.|last2=Stevenson|first2=Mark D.|last3=Rossmo|first3=D. Kim|last4=Le Comber|first4=Steven|date=3 March 2016|title=Tagging Banksy: using geographic profiling to investigate a modern art mystery|journal=Journal of Spatial Science|volume=61|issue=1|pages=185–190|doi=10.1080/14498596.2016.1138246|bibcode=2016JSpSc..61..185H|s2cid=130859901|url=http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111539/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|url-status=live| issn = 1449-8596}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663 "Banksy 'may abandon commercial art'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303003519/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663|date=3 March 2015}}. BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art "Banksy: the artist who's driven to the wall"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826004247/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art|date=26 August 2016}}. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref> According to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring Banksy's artwork from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with Gunningham's signature.<ref name="gillespie-20180805">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|title=Signed Banksy album artworks go up for sale|last=Gillespie|first=James|date=5 August 2018|website=The Sunday Times|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502072405/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2017, DJ [[Goldie]] referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|title=Did Goldie just reveal who Banksy is?|date=23 June 2017|access-date=24 July 2018|work=BBC News|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011051716/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the [[BBC]] in 2003, which was rediscovered in November 2023, reporter [[Nigel Wrench]] asked if Banksy is called Robert Banks; Banksy responded that his forename is Robbie.<ref name="BBC Nanji">{{cite news |last=Nanji |first=Noor |date=21 November 2023 |title=Banksy: Street artist confirms first name in lost BBC interview |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121203154/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC |location=UK}}</ref>

Other alternate speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:
* [[Robert Del Naja]] (also known as 3D), a member of the [[trip hop]] band [[Massive Attack]], had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|title=Is Banksy Actually Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja?|last1=Jenkins|first1=Nash|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030133/http://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|archive-date=4 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|title=Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack?|last1=Jaworski|first1=Michael|date=2 September 2016|website=The Daily Dot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903175804/http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|archive-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
* In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former ''[[Art Attack]]'' presenter [[Neil Buchanan]] was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|title=Neil Buchanan: Former Art Attack host denies Banksy rumours|date=7 September 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907211226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in [[Pembroke Dock]], was rumoured to be Banksy. He resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Mr Banksy, I presume: the councillor who quit over claims he has a secret |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527184222/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Several artists have created work which use similar techniques to Banksy. Often these get mistaken in the press leading to mis-attribution. Examples of this can be seen in the work of artists John D'oh and Silent Bill who have re-produced similar versions to Banksy's work in the past.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Bill or Banksy’ Did a Fake Really Sell for £250k on a TV Show Auction? |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2023/07/28/bill-or-banksy-did-a-fake-really-sell-for-250k-on-a-tv-show-auction/ |website=Inspiring City |date=2023-07-28 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref> Also in the work of [[DNZ (Artist)|DNZ]] whose single layer stencil murals are often confused with Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals appear in Rhyl |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |website=Daily Post |date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy-style mural appears on wall near Rhyl lifeboat station |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461.amp |website=BBC News |date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours of appearing in Rhyl |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |website=WalesOnline |date=2025-08-01 |access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref>

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alexander |first=Ella |date=20 October 2014 |title=Banksy not arrested: Internet duped by fake report claiming artist's identity revealed |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025514/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
{{See also|List of works by Banksy}}

=== Early career (1990–2001) ===
[[File:Banksybomb.JPG|thumb|A Banksy work from the [[Bristol underground scene]]. The artwork was also produced as a series of screenprints titled Bomb Hugger in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Bombhugger Print {{!}} Meaning & History |url=https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Andipa Editions |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124129/https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=Banksy mural Bombhugger]]
Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994<ref name="WrightHome32">{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Steve |first2=Richard |last2=Jones |first3=Trevor|last3=Wyatt|title=Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home |publisher=Tangent Books |location=Bath |date=28 November 2007 |page=32 |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4}}</ref> as one of [[Bristol]]'s DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |title=N-Igma fanzine showing examples of DBZ Graffiti tagged by Banksy, Kato and Tes |date=April 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403065449/http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger [[Bristol underground scene]] with [[Nick Walker (artist)|Nick Walker]], [[Inkie]] and [[Robert Del Naja|3D]].<ref name="bbc street art show comes to Bristol">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |title=Street art show comes to Bristol |work=BBC News |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2011 |quote=Street art [...] erupted in the UK in the early 1980s [...] active on the Bristol scene at that time included Banksy, Nick Walker, Inkie and Robert del Naja, or '3D', of Massive Attack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="sky banksy art auctions">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |title=Banksy Hits Out at Street Art Auctions |publisher=[[Sky News]] |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=31 August 2011 |author=Reid, Julia |location=London |quote=Along with Banksy, Bristol's graffiti heritage includes 3D, who went on to form Massive Attack, Inkie, and one of the original stencil artists Nick Walker. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117022803/http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |archive-date=17 November 2011 }}</ref> During this time he met Bristol photographer [[Steve Lazarides]], who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent.<ref name="FT urban renewal">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |title=Urban Renewal: Steve Lazarides continues to expand his street art empire |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=4 November 2013 |author=Child, Andrew |location=London |quote=He had discovered Banksy on a chance photo shoot in Bristol in 2001 while working as picture editor of Sleaze Nation magazine, and brought him to public attention along with a roster of other urban artists... Lazarides and Banksy parted company in 2009, a mysterious split about which both parties have remained tight-lipped. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328214441/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=28 March 2014 }}</ref> By 2000 he had turned to the art of [[stencil]]ling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number<ref name="wallandpiece">{{cite book |last=Banksy |title=Wall and Piece |publisher=[[Random House]] |url=http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |access-date=19 September 2006 |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928183419/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.<ref name="wallandpiece" /> He was the [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for the [[Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls]] football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001.<ref name="bbc onyangaomara 2012">{{cite news|last=Onyanga-Omara |first=Jane |title=Banksy in goal: The story of the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |access-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=14 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916215025/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |archive-date=16 September 2012 }}</ref> Banksy's first known large wall mural was ''[[The Mild Mild West]]'' painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a [[teddy bear]] lobbing a [[Molotov cocktail]] at three [[riot police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |title=Banksy's mild mild west piece, Stokes Croft, Bristol |publisher=Bristol-street-art.co.uk |date=27 November 2008 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183319/http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |archive-date=16 April 2014 }}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message was often [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]], [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]], or [[anti-establishment]]. Subjects could include rats, [[ape]]s, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.<ref>https://banksyexplained.com/banksy-murals-overview/</ref>

=== Exhibitions (2002–2003) ===
On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, a tiny [[Silver Lake, Los Angeles|Silver Lake]] venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|title=Existencilism. Los Angeles, July 2002.|date=16 April 2017|website=Banksy Unofficial|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150316/https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|title=Banksy – Smiley Copper H|website=Phillips|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150839/https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|url-status=live}}</ref> The exhibition, entitled ''Existencilism'', ''"an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness"'' was curated by 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |title=Banksy Existencilism Book |work=Art of the State |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204070348/http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |archive-date=4 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, and Coleman.<ref name=":1" /> Some of the paintings exhibited included ''Smiley Copper H'' (2002), ''Leopard and Barcode'' (2002), ''Bomb Hugger'' (2002), and ''Love Is in the Air'' (2002).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|title=First time at auction for Banksy's 2002 art work, Leopard and Barcode, at Bonhams Urban art sale|website=artdaily.cc|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052958/https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bethlehem Banksy.jpg|thumb|Banksy mural in [[Bethlehem]], [[West Bank]], Palestine]]

In 2003, at an exhibition called ''[[Turf War (Banksy)|Turf War]]'', held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's [[Nigel Wrench]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy's Bristol |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |website=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> Although the [[RSPCA]] declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm |title=Animals sprayed by graffiti artist |work=BBC News |date=18 July 2003 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005173441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3077217.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref> An example of his [[Subversion (politics)|subverted]] paintings is [[Monet]]'s ''[[Water Lilies (Monet series)|Water Lily Pond]]'', adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a [[shopping trolley]] floating in its reflective waters; another is [[Edward Hopper]]'s ''[[Nighthawks (painting)|Nighthawks]]'', redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his [[Union Flag]] underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |title=Banksy Show Tonight in London |date=13 October 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111130101/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |archive-date=11 November 2006 }}</ref>

Banksy, along with [[Shepard Fairey]], Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in [[Alexandria, New South Wales|Alexandria, Sydney]], for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

=== £10 notes to ''Barely Legal'' (2004–2006) ===
[[File:Banksy Hitchhiker to Anywhere Archway 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A stencil of [[Charles Manson]] in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, [[Archway, London]]]]
In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mix|first=Elizabeth|year=2011|title=Bansky|journal=Grove Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2093940}}</ref> replacing the picture of the Queen's head with [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]'s head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at [[Notting Hill Carnival]] that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on [[eBay]]. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the ''[[NME]]'' signing tent at the [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading Festival]]. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at [[Bonhams]] auction house in London for £24,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy print donated to Bristol arts venue, The Cube |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=20 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925224121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence ([[Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981|s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981]]). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reinhard|first=Andrew|year=2016|title=ANS Acquires Authentic Banksy £10 Diana Note|url=http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=American Numismatic Society Blog|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211945/http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, s.18|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|access-date=10 May 2021|website=legislation.gov.uk|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510171607/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled ''Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling).'' In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of [[Phan Thi Kim Phuc]], a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph "[[The Terror of War]]" by [[Nick Ut]]. ''Napalm'' shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of ''Napalm''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things To Know About Banksy's Napalm|url=https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=MyArtBroker|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123230920/https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tichy|first=Anna|year=2021|title=Banksy: Artist, Prankster, or Both?|journal=New York Law School Law Review|volume=65 |pages=81–103|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Friedman|first=Jacob|title=Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling)|url=https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/|url-status=usurped|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Hexagon Gallery|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224456/https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/ |archive-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref>

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the [[Palestinian territories]], created nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli West Bank wall]].<ref name="JonesIsrael">{{cite news|first=Sam |last=Jones |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1543171,00.html |title=Spray can prankster tackles Israel's security barrier |date=5 August 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004133921/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0%2C11711%2C1543171%2C00.html |archive-date=4 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.
| source = Banksy<ref name="HPBanksy">[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html Banksy Graffiti: A Book About The Thinking Street Artist] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118130547/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html |date=18 November 2013 }} by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', 30 August 2012</ref>
| align = right
| width = 30em
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| fontsize = 100
}}

Banksy held an exhibition called ''[[Barely Legal (Banksy)|Barely Legal]]'', billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live "[[elephant in the room|elephant in a room]]", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from [[animal rights]] activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |title=Banksy's painted elephant is illegal, say officials |author=Oliver, Mark |date=18 September 2006 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230158/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy also made artwork displaying [[Queen Victoria]] as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by [[Andy Warhol]] and [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |title='Guerrilla artist' Banksy hits LA |work=BBC News |date=14 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |first=Peter |last=Bowes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312143923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref>

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for [[Keep Britain Tidy]], asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |title=Banksy biography |work=Brian Sewell Art Directory (briansewell.com) |date=4 August 2005 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215230943/http://briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere" />

=== Banksy effect (2006–2007) ===
[[File:Banksy-ps.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''[[Well Hung Lover|Naked Man]]'' image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/5346822.stm |title=UK, Magazine, Faces of the week |work=BBC News |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306192610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5346822.stm |archive-date=6 March 2009 }}</ref> in [[Park Street, Bristol]]. Following popular support, the City Council decided it will be allowed to remain. ([[:File:banksy.in.bristols.park.street.longshot.arp.jpg|wider view]])]]

After [[Christina Aguilera]] bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece|title=Aguilera invests £25,000 in Banksy |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=6 April 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 | first=Matthew | last=Beard| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060907055717/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece| archive-date= 7 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref> on 19 October 2006, a set of [[Kate Moss]] paintings sold in [[Sotheby's]] London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of [[Andy Warhol]]'s [[Marilyn Diptych|Marilyn Monroe pictures]], sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |title=Banksy works set auction record |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209131916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |archive-date=9 February 2007 }}</ref>
In December, journalist [[Max Foster]] coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |title=Your World Today (Transcript) |publisher=CNN |date=4 December 2006 |access-date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710034649/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |archive-date=10 July 2009 }} "Banksy Effect" mentioned near end.</ref>

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for ''[[Bombing Middle England]]''. Two of his other graffiti works, ''[[Girl with Balloon]]'' and ''[[Bomb Hugger]]'', sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |title=British graffiti artist joins elite in record sale |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=8 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109224649/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |archive-date=9 January 2009 }}</ref> The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: ''[[Ballerina with Action Man Parts]]'' reached £96,000; ''[[Glory (Banksy)|Glory]]'' sold for £72,000; ''[[Untitled (2004)]]'' sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html |title=Sotheby's makes a killing from Banksy's guerrilla artworks |first=Geneviève |last=Roberts |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123459/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html| archive-date= 21 February 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere">{{cite magazine|last=Collins |first=Lauren |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all |title=Banksy Was Here: The invisible man of graffiti art |magazine=The New Yorker |date=14 May 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230190402/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in [[Bristol]] decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/6351467.stm |title=Free house as part of mural sale |work=BBC News |date=12 February 2007 |access-date=12 February 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6351467.stm| archive-date= 13 February 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2007, [[Transport for London]] painted over Banksy's [[Pulp Fiction (Banksy)|image]] of a scene from [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), featuring [[Samuel L. Jackson]] and [[John Travolta]] clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6575345.stm |title=Iconic Banksy image painted over |work=BBC News |date=20 April 2007 |access-date=20 April 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070525234557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6575345.stm| archive-date= 25 May 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second ''Pulp Fiction'' work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in [[Barking, London|Barking]], east London on 12 January 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |title=Blood on the tracks |first=Esther |last=Addley |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021133537/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:
[[File:Ozone's Angel.jpg|thumb|left|''Ozone's Angel'']]
{{blockquote|The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone—rest in peace.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bull|first=Martin|title=Banksy Locations & Tours: A collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London, England|year=2011|publisher=PM Press|isbn=978-1-60486-320-8}}</ref>}}

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work ''[[Space Girl and Bird]]'' fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at [[Bonhams]] of London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425 |title=Reuters UK: Elusive artist Banksy sets record price |work=Reuters.com |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230165901/http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's [[Greatest Britons|Greatest living Briton]]. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status.
On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's ''[[The Drinker (Banksy)|The Drinker]]'' had been stolen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy Statue Stolen |url=http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |work=[[Stranger (magazine)|Stranger]] |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608161006/http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |archive-date=8 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1184233,00.html |title=But is it kidnap? |first=Simon |last=Hattenstone |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625121937/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0%2C%2C1184233%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0,,30100-1289548,00.html ''Guerilla Artist,''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026021115/http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0%2C%2C30100-1289548%2C00.html |date=26 October 2007 }} Sky News, 24 October 2007</ref>

Banksy has published a "[[manifesto]]" on his website.<ref name=manifesto>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119032828/http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-date=19 January 2005|title=Camp}}</ref> The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Mervin Willett Gonin, [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], which is exhibited in the [[Imperial War Museum]]. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free [[George Davis (armed robber)|George Davis]] from imprisonment.<ref name=manifesto /> By 12 August 2009 he was relying on [[Emo Philips]]' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness."
A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie ''[[Children of Men]]'', including a stencilled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |publisher=Contact Music |access-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222013559/http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts, etc.)",<ref>{{cite web| title= A message from Banksy's lawyer| url= http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| access-date= 28 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026144455/http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| archive-date= 26 October 2010| url-status=dead| df= dmy-all}}</ref> claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy Pans His First New York Show |work=Artinfo |publisher=[[Louise Blouin Media]] |date=7 December 2007 |url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225635/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |archive-date=16 September 2008 }}</ref>

=== 2008 ===
[[File:Banksy Swinger Building Detail.jpg|thumb|left|Banksy ''Swinger'' in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]]]
In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled ''[[Fragile Silence]]'', done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trailer a Banksy treasure|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|access-date=17 December 2015|publisher=BBC|date=6 March 2008|archive-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225065958/http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the [[Glastonbury Festival]]. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile 'art house' for sale |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |archive-date=28 July 2013 }}</ref>

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on [[Thames Water]] tower in the middle of the [[Holland Park Avenue|Holland Park roundabout]], and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this—Society!" in bright orange. [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]] spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |title=Banksy must have an Oyster card. He's gone west! |work=The London Paper |date=11 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314012848/http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |archive-date=14 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and the associated [[2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans|levee failure disaster]], Banksy produced a series of works in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |title=Banksy Paints Murals in New Orleans To Mark Hurricane Katrina Anniversary; Gallery 'Banksy Art in Big Easy' |publisher=Sky News |date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206033907/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref>

[[File:No Loitering Banksy.jpg|thumb|Work on building in the [[Lower Ninth Ward]] of New Orleans, August 2008]]

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the [[Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama|Ensley]] neighbourhood of [[Birmingham, Alabama]] on 29 August as [[Hurricane Gustav]] approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.<ref name=WoosterCollective>[http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama Banksy's Road Trip Continues: Takes On The KKK In Birmingham, Alabama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021203209/http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama |date=21 October 2013 }}, Marc Schiller, ''[[Wooster Collective]]''</ref>
His first official exhibition in New York City, ''[[The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill]]'', opened 5 October 2008. The [[Audio-Animatronics|animatronic]] pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby [[Chicken McNuggets]] as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.<ref name=NYOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |title=Where Fish Sticks Swim Free and Chicken Nuggets Self-Dip |work=The New York Times |first=Melena |last=Ryzik |date=9 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609070832/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |archive-date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>

The [[Westminster City Council]] stated in October 2008 that the work ''[[One Nation Under CCTV]]'', painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told ''The Times'' newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art."<ref name=SMHOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Banksy art is graffiti, rules town hall |date=24 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152752/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |archive-date=31 March 2013 }}</ref> The work was painted over in April 2009.
In December 2008, ''The Little Diver'', a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear [[perspex]]; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.<ref name=TheAgeDec2008>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |work=The Age |location=Australia |title=The painter painted: Melbourne loses its treasured Banksy |date=14 December 2008 |first=Janae |last=Houghton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324071147/http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |archive-date=24 March 2011 }}</ref>

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of [[Blek le Rat]], who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery. Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art,<ref name=Coan>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |location=London |work=The Independent |title=Blek le Rat: This is not a Banksy |date=19 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808032756/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> but said in an interview for the documentary ''Graffiti Wars'' that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."<ref>{{cite news|author=Wells, Jeff|date=15 August 2011|title=Guerrilla artists at war over style accusations|newspaper=[[Western Daily Press]]|page=3}}</ref>

==== The Cans Festival (2008) ====
In London, over the weekend 3–5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called ''The Cans Festival''. It was situated on [[Leake Street]], a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath [[London Waterloo station]]. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |title=Tunnel becomes Banksy art exhibit |date=2 May 2008 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617194911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |archive-date=17 June 2009 }}</ref> Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.<ref>{{cite news | title = Banksy Hosts The Cans Festival | url = http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | publisher = Cool Hunting | date = 6 May 2008 | access-date = 17 May 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184925/http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | archive-date = 11 May 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2009 ===
[[File:King Robbo.jpg|thumb|The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by [[King Robbo|Robbo]] in Camden, London, allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation]]
In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent [[Steve Lazarides]] and announced that Pest Control,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pestcontroloffice.com/faq.asp|title=What is Pest Control? |publisher=Pest Control Office |access-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131223445/http://pestcontroloffice.com/whatispco.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works.
On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]], featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy's homecoming reviewed |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=14 June 2009 |last=Cafe |first=Rebecca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum|title=Take a stuffy old institution. Remix. Add wit. It's Banksy v the museum|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=13 June 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=13 June 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615161052/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html |title=Thousands flock to Banksy show in Bristol|date=15 June 2009 |work=Bristol Evening Post |publisher=Bristol News and Media |access-date=15 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090618140338/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html| archive-date= 18 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy art show draws in 300,000 |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=31 August 2009 |access-date=31 August 2009 |first=Rebecca |last=Cafe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref>
In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 [[Blur (band)|Blur]] single "[[Crazy Beat]]" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |title=Blur Banksy is ruined by mistake |work=BBC News |date=5 September 2009 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming", with the words being submerged in water.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8425397.stm Banksy art tackles global warming] . ''BBC News''. 21 December 2009.</ref>
A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and [[King Robbo]] broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.<ref name="indy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|title=My Graffiti War with Banksy By King Robbo
|author=Fuertes-Knight, Jo
|work=Sabotage Times
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819215549/http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|archive-date=19 August 2011
|access-date=15 August 2011
}}</ref>

=== ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' and United States (2010) ===
The world premiere of the film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'' took place at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah]], on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and [[Salt Lake City]] to tie in with the screening.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_14232591 |title=Famous 'tagger' Banksy strikes in Utah |first=Sean P. |last=Means| work=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=21 January 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124082724/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14232591| archive-date= 24 January 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> In February, [[The Whitehouse (pub)|The Whitehouse]] public house in [[Liverpool]], England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.<ref name="liverpooldailypost">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |title=Liverpool Banksy rat pub building sold for £114,000 at auction |date=18 February 2010 |work=The Liverpool Daily Post |author=Sharpe, Laura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909175312/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |archive-date=9 September 2010 }}</ref>

In March 2010, a modified version of the work ''[[Forgive Us Our Trespassing]]''–a kneeling boy with a spray-painted [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]]–was displayed at [[London Bridge Station]] on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground.<ref name="BBCBanksy">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8573323.stm |title=London Underground Banksy work regains its halo |work=BBC News |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=25 December 2011 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418032701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8573323.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.<ref name="BBCBanksy"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo-6751715.html
|title=Underground mystery as Banksy work regains its halo|work=London Evening Standard|date=17 March 2010|access-date=25 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529020034/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23816233-underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo.do |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.
| source = [[Shepard Fairey]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine on Banksy's entry in the [[Time 100]] list, April 2010<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fairy |first1=Shephard |title=Time 100: Banksy |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984940_1984945,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |issue=20 May 2015 |date=29 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518011845/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1984685_1984940_1984945%2C00.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
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In April, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| title=Street Artist Banksy Marks the Mission |access-date=27 April 2010|work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100428215041/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| archive-date= 28 April 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly paid a [[Chinatown, San Francisco|San Francisco Chinatown]] building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.<ref>[http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco/ Banksy in San Francisco | San Francisco Luxury Living] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427043450/http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco |date=27 April 2010 }}. Sfluxe.com (24 April 2010). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref>
In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| title=Banksy comes to Toronto |access-date=9 May 2010|work=Torontoist| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100512044227/http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| archive-date= 12 May 2010| url-status=live| date=9 May 2010 }}</ref>

In May, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren.<ref name="Wright-2010">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |title=Banksy Leaves a Rat in Warren and a Diamond in Detroit |author=Wright, Travis R |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Metro Times blogs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119015819/http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |archive-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref> Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. The gallery claimed that they did not intend to sell the work, but planned to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery. It was later sold in 2015 for $137,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |title=Graffiti artist Banksy leaves mark on Detroit and ignites firestorm |first=Mark |last=Stryker |work=Detroit Free Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518065058/http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |archive-date=18 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Detroit mural created by Banksy sells for $137,500 | date=October 1, 2015 | url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/detroit-mural-created-by-banksy-sells-for-137500 | work=fox2detroit.com }}</ref> There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as ''Diamond Girl''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |date=12 May 2010 |work=Detroit Moxie |title=Street Artist Banksy Tags Detroit |first=Becks |last=Davis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516031000/http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |archive-date=16 May 2010 }}</ref> While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in [[Chinatown, Boston]], known as [[Follow Your Dreams (Banksy)|Follow Your Dreams]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy makes his mark across America |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=21 April 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613131637/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late January 2011, ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711102803/http://oscar.go.com/nominations/category/documentary-feature/synopsis/exit-through-the-gift-shop/687163 Banksy nominated for Oscar]. Oscar.go.com. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me."<ref>[https://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 Banksy statement to Oscar nomination] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013901/http://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 |date=1 March 2011 }}. Nme.com (27 January 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' did not win the award, which went to ''[[Inside Job (2010 film)|Inside Job]]''. In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in [[Weston-super-Mare]], UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's (''The King's Speech'' co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue.<ref>[http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html Banksy responds to Oscars] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311091129/http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html |date=11 March 2011 }}. Swns.com (9 March 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was broadcast on British public television station [[Channel 4]] on 13 August 2011 as part of a night of other shows compiled by Banksy.

Banksy was credited with the opening [[couch gag]] for the 2010 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[MoneyBart]]", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program.<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513 |title= Banksy creates new Simpsons title sequence|access-date=12 October 2010|work=BBC News | date=11 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on his website.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110126164711/http://www.banksy.co.uk/indoors/simp.html Original Storyboard] from banksy.co.uk, archived at web.archive.org</ref> According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department". Executive director [[Al Jean]] jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010" />

=== 2011–2013 ===
In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking [[petrol bomb]] contained in a '[[Tesco Value]]' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each. In December, he unveiled ''[[Cardinal Sin (Banksy)|Cardinal Sin]]'' at the [[Walker Art Gallery]], Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a pixelated effect, was a statement on the [[child abuse]] scandal in the Catholic Church.<ref name="BBCNews15Dec2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |work=BBC News |title=Banksy unveils church abuse work |date=15 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216045542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |archive-date=16 December 2011 }}</ref>

In May 2012 his ''[[Parachuting Rat]]'', painted in [[Melbourne]] in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 "Banksy rat destroyed by builders"]. ''ABC News'' (Australia) (16 May 2012). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517061252/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 |date=17 May 2012 }}. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> In July, prior to the [[2012 Olympic Games]] Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654 "London 2012: Banksy and street artists' Olympic graffiti"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654]. ''BBC News'' (24 July 2012).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |title=British Graffiti artist Banksy in Olympics controversy |work=Ahram Online |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315000629/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref>

On 18 February 2013, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the [[Slave Labour (mural)|''Slave Labour'' mural]] portraying a young child sewing [[Union Flag]] bunting (created around the time of the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]), had been removed from the side of a [[Poundland]] store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261 "Banksy mural vanishes from London, appears at US auction"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261] ''BBC News'' (18 February 2013). Retrieved 18 February 2013.</ref> On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami withdrew the work of art from the sale.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042 "Taken Banksy is withdrawn from sale"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042]. ''BBC News'' (24 February 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref>

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378 "Banksy Slave Labour mural up for auction again"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378] ''BBC News'' (11 May 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref> On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle ''Better Out Than In''.

Much criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as [[TrustoCorp]], criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |title=Art or Act? New Yorkers Give Banksy Residency Mixed Reviews |work=NPR |access-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102230024/http://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |magazine=Time |title=Making Sense of the Banksy Backlash |date=16 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926010033/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |archive-date=26 September 2015 }}</ref> In his column for ''[[The Guardian]]'', satirist [[Charlie Brooker]] wrote in 2006 that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |title=Supposing ... Subversive genius Banksy is actually rubbish |first=Charlie |last=Brooker |work=The Guardian |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=31 January 2011 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002181851/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>

==== ''Better Out Than In'' (2013) ====
{{Main|Better Out Than In}}

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of [[New York City|New York [City]]]", for which he opened a separate website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |title=Better Out Than In |author=Banksy |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018094050/http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> and granted an interview to ''[[The Village Voice]]'' via his publicist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hamilton |first=Keegan |title=An Interview With Banksy, Street Art Cult Hero, International Man of Mystery |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009092554/http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3/ |archive-date=9 October 2013 }}</ref>

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on [[Fifth Avenue]] near [[Central Park]] on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was staffed by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |title=Banksy stall sells art works for $60 in New York |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017182807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |title=Banksy: I Sold Original Artwork for $60 in NYC |work=ABC News |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017132744/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |title=Graffiti artist Banksy says he offered $60 paintings in Central Park |publisher=CNN |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151409/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |title=Two of Banksy's Central Park 'Spray Art' Canvases Sell for $214,000 at Auction |work=ANIMAL |access-date=12 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220061340/http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref>

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then-[[New York City Mayor]] [[Michael Bloomberg]], who had led a citywide [[graffiti]] cleanup operation in 2002, said he did not consider graffiti a form of art.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg says Banksy doesn't fit his definition of art |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918002747/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |url-status=live }}</ref> One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of [[Ronald McDonald]] and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in [[Queens]] but moved outside a different [[McDonald's]] around the city every day.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grant |first=Drew |url=http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |title=Banksy Unveils 'Shoeshine Boy' at McDonald's |newspaper=The New York Observer |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017021138/http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |title=Banksy attacks McDonald's in new sculpture |first=Liam |last=O'Brien |date=17 October 2013 |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018091258/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |title=Banksy gives Ronald McDonald's clown shoes a shine |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093648/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |archive-date=2 February 2017 }}</ref> Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated [[Dumbo]]; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |title=Banksy bids farewell to New York with balloons |first=Chris |last=Boyette |work=CNN |date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103215341/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |archive-date=3 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |title=Banksy's Nazi-Doctored Painting Raises $615,000 Online |first=Katya |last=Kazakina |date=1 November 2013 |work=Blomberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024010306/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> Banksy also posted a mock-up of a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[op-ed]] attacking the design of the [[One World Trade Center]] after the ''Times'' rejected his submission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |title=Banksy Bashes One World Trade Center In Rejected New York Times Op-Ed |work=HuffPost |date=28 October 2013 |first=Inae |last=Oh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104111213/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |archive-date=4 January 2014 }}</ref> The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013;<ref name=cnn/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |title=Banksy in New York pictures |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=31 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226071449/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref> many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |title=Banksy sphinx sculpture stolen in New York |first=Alice |last=Vincent |date=23 October 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226084923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref>

=== 2015–2018 ===
In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled ''Make this the year '''YOU''' discover a new destination'' about his trip to the [[Gaza Strip]]. During the visit, he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website—but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to ''[[The New York Times]]'' his publicist said,

{{blockquote|I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future—what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy's Murals Turn Up In Gaza Strip |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |work=[[NPR]] |date=26 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228151348/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |archive-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref>}}

[[File:Dismaland overview 01-02 combined.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in [[Weston-super-Mare]]]]

Banksy opened [[Dismaland]], a large-scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in [[Weston-super-Mare]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212034/http://www.dismaland.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |title=Banksy's Dismaland: fans express frustration over crashing website |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=21 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821164122/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include [[Damien Hirst]] and [[Jenny Holzer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821005854/http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> In December, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of [[Calais]], France, including the so-called "[[Calais jungle|Jungle]]" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, ''[[The Son of a Migrant from Syria]]'', depicts [[Steve Jobs]] as a migrant.<ref name=stevejobs>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |title=Banksy work in Calais 'Jungle' shows Steve Jobs as migrant |work=BBC News |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212103238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |archive-date=12 December 2015 }}</ref>

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the [[Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]]. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms faces the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|title=The Walled Off Hotel|website=walledoffhotel.com|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218150519/http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his ''Better Out Than In'' residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed ''Rat race'', was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|title=Banksy's New York rat removed in less than a week|website=Descrier|access-date=23 March 2018|date=22 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041225/https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|url-status=live}}</ref> but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist [[Zehra Doğan]] on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|title=Banksy Blitz Continues in NYC with New Murals in Brooklyn|website=Hyperallergic|access-date=23 March 2018|date=19 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041630/https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''Love Is in the Bin'' (2018) ====
In October 2018, a Banksy work, initially titled the ''[[Balloon Girl]]'', was sold for £1m at London auction house [[Sotheby's]]. The purchaser of the work was an unnamed European woman. As the [[gavel]] hit the sound-block, an alarm sounded within the picture frame and the Banksy canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Badshah |first=Nadeem |date=2021-10-14 |title=Banksy sets auction record with £18.5m sale of shredded painting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304232452/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Christian 2018">{{cite web | last=Christian | first=Natasha | title=Street artist Banksy releases video showing auction shredding prank was years in the making | website=The West Australian | date=7 October 2018 | url=https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=7 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007111611/https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |title=Banksy auction prank leaves art world in shreds |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=6 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905135526/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy artwork shreds itself after sale|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history".<ref name="Christian 2018"/> Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|title=Meet the entrepreneurs shaking up the art world|first=Coco|last=Khan|date=27 March 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183623/https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|url-status=live}}</ref> told the ''[[Evening Standard]]'': "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1m they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added a minimum of 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|title=£1m Banksy artwork shredded at auction 'now worth double'|date=6 October 2018|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007120858/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |title=Who's the mystery man who films at Banksy prank auction? |year=2018 |work=Sky News |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015939/https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |title=Banksy's 'Girl with Balloon' sale is confirmed – and it's got a new name |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519041519/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |title= Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan – video |date= 7 October 2018 |work= The Guardian |access-date= 7 October 2018 |archive-date= 15 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210115162509/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|title=Banksy explains why and how he destroyed artwork that had just been sold for £1m|work=The Independent|access-date=8 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008122540/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to [[Mikhail Bakunin]].)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|title=Mikhail Bakunin Quote|website=A-Z Quotes|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211731/https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|url-status=live}}</ref> It is not known how the shredder was activated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy posts video of shredding stunt|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time..."<ref>Banksy [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY "Shredding the Girl and Balloon – The Director's half cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024075905/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY |date=24 October 2018 }}. 17 October 2018 – via YouTube.</ref>

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]'', and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body, Pest Control Office Ltd. Sotheby's released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one", and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |title=Woman who bought shredded Banksy artwork will go through with purchase |first=Mattha |last=Busby |date=11 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052330/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|title=Banksy Authenticates and Renames His Shredded $1.4 Million Painting—Which the Buyer Plans to Keep|first=Eileen|last=Kinsella|date=11 October 2018|work=artnet|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015837/https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2021, the remains of the partially-shredded painting was reported by ''[[The Guardian]]'' to have been re-sold by Sotheby's auction house, for £18,582,000, in London.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="NPR-20211014">{{cite news |last=Pruitt-Young |first=Sharon |title=A half-shredded Banksy piece is auctioned for $25.4 million, a record for the artist |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |date=14 October 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |accessdate=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015010251/https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2018–2019 ===
[[File:Season's Greetings, Banksy (6).jpg|thumb|''Season's Greetings'', Port Talbot, Wales]]
A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in [[Port Talbot]] in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|title=Is this the work of Banksy?|date=19 December 2018|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231037/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new mural|last=Robinson|first=Matthew|date=19 December 2018|website=CNN Style|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219172704/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an [[Instagram]] video soundtracked by the festive children's song "Little Snowflake".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new painting spotted in Wales|last=Reilly|first=Nick|date=19 December 2018|website=NME|language=en-US|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219184632/https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|url-status=live}}</ref> Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and [[Plaid Cymru]] [[councillor]] for [[Aberavon]], Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|title=Banksy confirms new 'snow' artwork is his|date=19 December 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=19 December 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219162407/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|url-status=live}}</ref> A plastic screen, partially funded by [[Michael Sheen]], was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|title=Banksy anti-pollution artwork in Port Talbot targeted|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=23 December 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223175647/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|url-status=live}}</ref> Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|title=Banksy's Port Talbot snow mural attacked by 'drunk halfwit'|date=23 December 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223115646/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.<ref name="Fyfe-29May2019">{{cite news |last1=Fyfe |first1=Will |title=Port Talbot Banksy mural: Artwork arrives at new home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |access-date=11 June 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602003214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named ''Gross Domestic Product'' in [[Croydon]], South London, to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greeting card company that had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A [greeting card] company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|title=Banksy shop featuring Stormzy stab vest appears in Croydon|date=1 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002013020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear—if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|title=Banksy launches homewares shop in dispute over trademark|date=1 October 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002002239/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 October, greeting card distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|title=Banksy: Card firm rejects 'custody' claim|date=4 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007104902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 September 2020, the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rivera|first=Isabella|date=30 November 2020|title=Voided Banksy TM|url=https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|website=Center for Art Law|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505170638/https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref> The European panel judges in ''Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd'' [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|title=Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trademark (codification)|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122647/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

In October 2019, a 2009 painting by Banksy entitled "[[Devolved Parliament (Banksy)|Devolved Parliament]]", showing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] depicted as chimpanzees in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it".<ref name="record sale"/> At {{convert|13|ft}} wide, it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the [[Brexit]] debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."<ref name="record sale">{{cite news |title=Banksy MPs as chimpanzees painting sells for £9.9m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=BBC News |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003212211/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2020–2024 ===
On 13 February 2020, the [[Valentine's Banksy]] mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's [[Barton Hill, Bristol|Barton Hill]] neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|title=Say it with Banksy? Valentine's gift catapults house to street art fame|date=13 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|last2=Fisher|first2=Ben|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213230658/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early hours of [[Valentine's Day]] (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|title=Valentine's Day art in Bristol confirmed by Banksy as his work|date=14 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224221102/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was defaced just days after appearing.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |title=New Banksy Valentine's Day artwork vandalised |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=South China Morning Post |date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215190619/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy dedicated a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints]]'' or ''Game Changer'' to NHS staff, and donated it to the [[Southampton General Hospital|University Hospital of Southampton]] during the global [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]] in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banksy donates new artwork honoring health care workers to hospital|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|first=Allen|last=Kim|date=7 May 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507014624/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |title=Covid: Banksy painting raises £14.4m for NHS charities |work=BBC News |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323192639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of [[HM Prison Reading|Reading Prison]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Isobel |title=Banksy: Potential artwork appears overnight on side of Reading Prison |date=2 March 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent]] |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304181039/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former prison's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Banksy confirms escaping prisoner artwork at Reading jail |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304165224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |url-status=live }}</ref> The escaping prisoner was said to resemble [[Oscar Wilde]], who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.<ref name=bbc />

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled ''[[A Great British Spraycation]]'', appeared in several [[East Anglia]]n towns.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy-style pieces appear in Gorleston, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|work=BBC News|date=7 August 2021|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810154452/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|title = Banksy: A guide to his 'Great British Spraycation'|work = BBC News|date = 17 August 2021|access-date = 14 August 2021|archive-date = 14 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210814050602/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|url-status = live}}</ref> Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 [[BBC One]]/[[Amazon Prime Video]] comedy ''[[The Outlaws (2021 TV series)|The Outlaws]]''. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was [[Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed|painted over]] by the character Frank, played by [[Christopher Walken]], while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his [[Community service|Community Payback]] sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|title=Banksy artwork painted over by Christopher Walken in The Outlaws finale was real, BBC confirms|last=Lewis|first=Isobel|date=11 November 2021|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111233840/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Children of War, Maidan.jpg|thumb|[[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] (Independence Square), [[Kyiv]], Ukraine]]
[[File:Banksy in Irpin.jpg|thumb|A mural on the wall of a bombed building in [[Irpin]], Ukraine]]
In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of [[Borodianka]], appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |title=Banksy artwork appears on damaged building in Ukraine |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 November 2022 |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112002256/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> He also created six murals in [[Kyiv]], [[Irpin]], [[Hostomel]] and [[Horenka, Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast|Horenka]].<ref>{{Cite news|last= |first=|date=14 November 2022|title=Banksy in Ukraine: seven new works appear in war-torn sites|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114143343/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 November 2022|script-title=uk:У Бородянці, Гостомелі та Ірпені. 7 графіті Бенксі|trans-title=7 Banksy graffiti in Borodyanka, Hostomel and Irpin|script-work=uk:Вікенд|trans-work=Weekend|url=https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115094013/https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the images he produced in Borodianka was of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in a judo throw. The image has since been turned into a stamp in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-26 |title=Ukraine's Banksy stamps feature art of Putin in judo match |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226091639/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."<ref name="bbcflowerbombertm">{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|title= Banksy loses battle with greetings card firm over 'flower bomber' trademark|access-date= 15 December 2020|work= BBC News|date= 17 September 2020|archive-date= 18 November 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201118030113/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|url-status= live}}</ref>

On [[St Patricks Day]] 2024, a confirmed Banksy "mural" appeared overnight on a flank wall of a housing estate near to [[Finsbury Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy artwork appears on side of flats in north London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork is located in an area known as [[Upper Holloway]], in the London Borough of [[Islington]]. The mural is behind a stark heavily pruned tree, which dominates the foreground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Banksy: Artist confirms new London tree mural is his own work |work=BBC News |date=18 March 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork's green shades and leafy foliage used paint that matches Islington's own municipal green, which is used on their housing estate nameplates. The sprawling artwork gives the impression of lush foliage in full leaf on the wall backdrop. An adjoining life size figure is stencilled onto the wall at ground level, showing a worker using a [[pressure washer]], as if they were spontaneously spraying the artwork.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=New London mural prompts Banksy speculation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318092527/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the first to visit the Banksy, was the local MP, [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2024-03-18 |title=Banksy confirms north London tree mural is his work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318192747/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |url-status=live }}</ref> Experts have speculated that the choice of subject and the location make it difficult to remove to sell at auction, as the context of the setting is everything and the sale value would be minimal.

In August 2024, he claimed credit for a number of black silhouette compositions, that appeared in London and were part of an [[Banksy's London animal series|animal-themed series]]. Various theories exist for what they mean and represent, with the artist himself declining to comment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Liz Jackson, Adriana Elgueta|date=2024-08-08 |title=Banksy howling wolf artwork removed after reveal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrjyv2dwnvo |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Aurelia Foster, Freddy Tennyson|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20l71yyxp1o|title=Fifth Banksy in five days appears in London|work=BBC News|date=2024-08-09|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref>

=== 2025–present ===
In February 2025, it was announced that Banksy, or a representee of the artist, is to appear at a tribunal at the U.K's [[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Intellectual Property Office]]. The tribunal will be one of the few times that the secretive artist’s legal team – or those representing the artist – will speak in public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Battles On {{!}} |url=https://guyhepner.com/news/315-banksy-battles-on-i-fought-the-trademark-law/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, he revealed his latest artwork located in the streets of Marseille, France.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Adamson |first1=Thomas |last2=Eltoni |first2=Bisher |last3=Lawless |first3=Jill |date=2025-05-30 |title=In Marseille, a shadow becomes art in Banksy's latest street mural |url=https://apnews.com/article/banksy-street-artist-new-lighthouse-marseille-e25dd4c720df880ae0c462a8076a065f |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The mural depicts a lighthouse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=New Banksy mural appears in Marseille, depicting a lighthouse |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/05/30/we-love-it-marseille-discovers-new-banksy-artwork_6741840_7.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> In the early hours of September 8 2025, passers-by noticed a Banksy mural on the [[Royal Courts of Justice (Banksy mural)|Royal Courts of Justice in London]]. It depicted a protester being beaten with a gavel by a judge.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Banksy artwork shows judge beating protester amid Palestine Action protest arrests storm |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-covered-up-b1246517.html |publisher=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> The work became controversial due to its location on a prominent judicial landmark, which some media commentators said was connected to the recent arrests and prosecutions in the UK of protestors of various causes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harding |first1=Laura |title=New Banksy artwork at the Royal Courts of Justice already covered up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-london-peckham-b2822186.html |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> The artwork was covered up on the same day in the afternoon with a large metal sheet and fencing. Workmen were pictured at the mural a day later.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/sep/08/court-staff-cover-up-banksy-image-of-judge-beating-a-protester</ref> On September 10, the mural was removed from the building, but it had left a shadow of the mural and was still partly visible, but heavily faded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Banksy artwork being removed from Royal Courts of Justice wall in London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-banksy-artwork-being-removed-from-royal-courts-of-justice-wall-in-london-13428144 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

== Other artworks ==
Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:
* At [[London Zoo]], he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in {{convert|7|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} letters.<ref>{{cite news|first=William |last=Langley |date=18 March 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |title=For the Gauguin of graffiti it was all about tagging. Now he's into six-figure price tags |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=9 November 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110065926/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |archive-date=10 November 2014 }}</ref>
* At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |title=Need Talent to Exhibit in Museums? Not This Prankster |access-date=12 June 2008 |date=24 March 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Randy |last=Kennedy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211141929/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref>
* In 2004, he placed the piece ''[[Banksus Militus Ratus]]'' into London's [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Natural History Museum exhibits an unnatural specimen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=8 April 2004|access-date=7 October 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014055255/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], and [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[Manhattan]] as well as the [[Brooklyn Museum]] in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |title=A Wooster Exclusive: Banksy Hits New York's Most Famous Museums (All of them) |access-date=19 September 2006 |date=23 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909040458/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |archive-date=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In May 2005 [[Peckham Rock]], Banksy's version of a primitive [[cave painting]] depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley, was hung in gallery 49 of the [[British Museum]], London.<ref name=wired>{{cite journal |first=Jeff |last=Howe |journal=[[Wired Magazine|Wired]] |volume=13 |issue=8 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html |title=Art Attack |date=August 2005 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060902025945/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html| archive-date= 2 September 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>
* In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]], including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.<ref name="JonesIsrael" /><ref name="BBCNews5Aug2005">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |title=Art prankster sprays Israeli wall |work=BBC News |date=5 August 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425143503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |archive-date=25 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Nigel |last=Parry |url=http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |title=British Graffiti Artist, Banksy, Hacks the Wall |date=10 October 2006 |work=MIT Thresholds |access-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211151040/http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |archive-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for [[Nickelodeon]].<ref>{{cite web|author=loveforlogos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |title=Nickelodeon Next ID (2005) |via=YouTube |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703185114/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref>
* In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in [[Soho]], London. It was later removed by [[Westminster City Council|Westminster Council]].<ref name="BBCNews7Apr2007">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |title=Artist's cold call cuts off phone |work=BBC News |date=7 April 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207050232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |archive-date=7 December 2006 }}</ref>
* In June 2006, Banksy created ''[[Well Hung Lover]]'', an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central [[Bristol]]. The image sparked "a heated debate",<ref name="HSH p93">Steve Wright (2007), ''Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home'', p. 93</ref> with the [[Bristol City Council]] leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.<ref name="nakedman">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/5103306.stm |title=Artist's saucy stencil for city |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312220427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/5103306.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref> After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.<ref name="HSH p93" /> The mural was later defaced with blue paint.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/8114184.stm |title=Banksy mural defaced with paint |date=23 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |work=BBC News| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626223938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/8114184.stm| archive-date= 26 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of [[Paris Hilton]]'s debut CD, ''[[Paris (Paris Hilton album)|Paris]]'', in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by [[Danger Mouse (musician)|Danger Mouse]]. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as [[eBay]]. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm |title=Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank |work=BBC News |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060910085841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm| archive-date= 10 September 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Claire |last1=Truscott |first2=Martin |last2=Hodgson |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece |title=Banksy targets Paris Hilton |newspaper=[[The Independent on Sunday]] |date=3 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 | location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060905204207/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece| archive-date= 5 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |title=Paris Prank Confirmed |date=7 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121184105/http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |archive-date=21 November 2006 }}</ref>
* In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]] prisoner ([[Guantanamo captive's uniforms|orange jumpsuit]], black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the [[Big Thunder Mountain Railroad]] ride at the [[Disneyland]] theme park in [[Anaheim, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |title=The story Disneyland doesn't want you to know |date=8 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233859/http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm|title=Artist Banksy targets Disneyland|work=BBC News |date=11 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005170241/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of [[Blur (band)|Blur's]] 2003 album ''[[Think Tank (Blur album)|Think Tank]]''.
* In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in [[Portobello Road]] with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm|title=£208,100 eBay bid for Banksy wall|date=14 January 2008|access-date=14 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080117104716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm| archive-date= 17 January 2008 | url-status=live| work=BBC News}}</ref>
*A guard/police officer with a [[balloon animal]] was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=Banksy behind glass: Artwork gets new Toronto home |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=CTV News |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215646/https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In July 2012, in the run up to the [[London 2012]] Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a [[javelin]], evidently taking a poke at the [[surface to air missile]] sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eurosport |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |title=London could destroy Banksy's valuable Olympic graffiti |work=Yahoo! Eurosport |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109220647/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |title=London 2012: Street Artist Banksy's Olympic Graffiti Unveiled (Pictures) |work=HuffPost |date= 26 July 2012|access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727001859/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |archive-date=27 July 2012 }}</ref>
* In April 2014, he created a piece in [[Cheltenham]], near the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent [[global surveillance disclosures]] of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Morris |first1=Steven |title=Banksy confirms he is creator of the 'Spy Booth' wall art near GCHQ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |access-date=5 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005062209/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |archive-date=5 October 2015 }}</ref> This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.<ref name="abc-surveill-vanish">{{cite news|title=Banksy mural mocking government surveillance vanishes from UK wall |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |access-date=22 August 2016 |work=ABC News |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823110849/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref>
* In October 2014, Ten days before the [[2014 Clacton by-election]], Banksy painted a mural on a wall in Clacton which showed five grey pigeons holding three placards. They held the words "go back to Africa" "migrants not welcome", and "keep off our worms". They were directed towards a more colourful migratory swallow perched further along the same wire. The mural was removed by [[Tendring District|Tendring District Council]] who had received a complaint that "offensive and racist remarks" had appeared on a wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |title=Council removes Banksy artwork after complaints of racism |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=1 October 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422110701/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |url-status=live |archive-date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>
* In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its [[House system|houses]] after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |title=Banksy mural appears at primary school – with a letter from the artist himself |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608015555/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |title=Banksy paints Bridge Farm Primary Bristol wall as 'present' |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcast Corporation |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606114949/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |archive-date=6 June 2016 }}</ref>
* In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant [[Brexit]] [[mural]], painted on a house in Dover (Kent).<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker |title=Banksy claims responsibility for giant Brexit painting in Dover |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Banksy's ''Dream Boat'', originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love [[Pop-up retail|pop-up shop]] in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win ''Dream Boat''.<ref>N. Hinde (11 December 2018). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 "Buy A £2 Raffle Ticket And This Banksy Sculpture Could Be Yours"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212125714/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 |date=12 December 2018 }}. ''[[HuffPost]]''.</ref> The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.<ref>Katie Baron (22 October 2018). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ "How Choose Love Made Charity Credible Again: Pop-Up Sales Storm Towards £1.5m, Doubling 2017 Total"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702092343/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ |date=2 July 2019 }}. ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" class="center">
File:Mauer-betlehem.jpg|Near [[Bethlehem]] – 2005
File:Banksy - Grin Reaper With Tag.jpg|''The Grin Reaper''
</gallery>

=== Damaged artwork ===
{{Main|Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed}}
Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in [[Melbourne]], paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |title=Anti-graffiti crew accidentally paints over Banksy art in CBD |work=The Melbourne Leader |date=27 April 2010 |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429030922/http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |archive-date=29 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2010, the [[Melbourne City Council]] reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a [[Parachuting Rat|rat descending in a parachute]] adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

In July 2011, one of Banksy's early works, ''[[Gorilla in a Pink Mask]]'', was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre. The art piece had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in [[Eastville, Bristol|Eastville]] for over ten years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Whitewashed Banksy restoration 'could cost thousands'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547|access-date=15 July 2011|publisher=BBC|date=15 July 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720081140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547| archive-date= 20 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bates|first=Stephen|title=Banksy's Gorilla in a Pink Mask is painted over|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over|access-date=15 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 July 2011|location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716223702/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over| archive-date= 16 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Many works that make up the ''Better Out Than In'' series in New York City have been [[Defacement (vandalism)|defaced]], some just hours after the piece was unveiled.<ref name=nytimes_welcome>{{cite news|title=Banksy's New York Welcome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019061328/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Piece In Queens Defaced By Other Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224015237/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |archive-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Hater, OMAR NYC, Defaces Art In Red Hook |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=8 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013223713/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref> OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Turco |first=Bucky |title=Banksy Thoroughly Ragged |url=http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |work=Animal New York |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031237/http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |archive-date=12 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dobkin |first=Jake |title=Banksy Gets Dissed |url=http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php?#photo-1 |work=[[Gothamist]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010072201/http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php#photo-1 |archive-date=10 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref>

In the case of the 2013 vandalism of Banksy's ''Praying Boy'' in [[Park City, Utah]], United States,<ref name="Park Rec Vandalism">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 11 January 2014 |title= Banksy vandalism: video surfaces purporting to show Park City attack |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |work= [[Park Record]] |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122175200/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
the perpetrator was tried, pled guilty, and convicted of [[mischief|criminal mischief]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Whitehurst |first= Lindsay |date= 17 November 2014 |title= Man who damaged Banksy art in US gets probation |url= https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |work= [[Associated Press]] |location= New York |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122171615/https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= Nov 19, 2014 |title= Banksy vandal, apologetic, ordered to pay for damage in Park City |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230525143745/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |archive-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>
The artwork was restored to its original state by a [[Conservation and restoration of cultural property|painting conservator]], who was hired by the owners of the building where ''Praying Boy'' is located.<ref name="Park Rec Restored">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 2 April 2014 |title= Banksy piece in Park City, vandal's target, painstakingly restored |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122172230/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

== Technique ==
[[File:Banksy Girl ATM.JPG|thumb|ATM attacking a girl, [[Rosebery Avenue]], London, January 2008]]

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book ''Wall and Piece'' that, as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils for minimising time and overlapping of the colour.

In a 2003 interview, Banksy described his technique, when making a piece in a public area, as "quick" and "I want to get it done and dusted."<ref name="BBC Nanji"/>

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist [[Robert Del Naja|3D]]. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist [[Blek le Rat]]. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|title=Road sign believed to be a Banksy has vanished|date=13 August 2018|website=BBC Newsround|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201233040/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|url-status=live}}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, [[Stencil#Aerosol stencils|stencils]] are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy - Banksquiat. Boy and Dog in Stop and Search |url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/NY010323/13 |website=[[Phillips (auctioneers)|Phillips]] |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Frederick Gentis |title=Banksy's identity may be uncovered by looking at what inspired him |url=https://www.gallerease.com/en/magazine/articles/banksys-identity-may-be-uncovered-by-looking-at-what-inspired-him-53bbdb606e92__53bbdb606e92 |website=Gallerease |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Naomi DeSouza |title=Graffiti artist mistaken for Brum 'Banksy' is factory worker with 'busy family life' |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/graffiti-artist-mistaken-brum-banksy-24072547 |website=Birmingham Live |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live as it was being auctioned at [[Sotheby's]]. The piece originally consisted of a framed painting of ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''. While the bidding was in progress, a shredder was activated from within the frame, partially destroying the painting, and thus creating a new piece. The shredder had been pre-emptively built into the frame a few years prior in case the painting was put up for auction.<ref>{{cite news |last= Preuss |first= Andreas |author= |date= 7 October 2018 |title= Banksy painting 'self-destructs' moments after being sold for $1.4 million at auction |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |work= [[CNN]] |location= United States |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230522002914/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |archive-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
The new artwork, consisting of the half-shredded painting still in its frame, is titled ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date= 14 October 2021 |title= Banksy's Love is in the Bin sells for record £16m |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |work= BBC |location= London |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230930084451/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |archive-date=2023-09-30}}</ref>

In 2025, the [[BBC News|BBC]] unearthed previously unseen Banksy murals that differ in their execution from the well-known stencil style of [[graffiti]] for which the artist is commonly known. The murals, created for a youth club in the artist's home city, are examples of the early technique of the artist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mackintosh |first1=Thomas |title=New Banksy mural appears at Royal Courts of Justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgrq0r0y878o |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Art: A history |url=https://guyhepner.com/artists/32-banksy |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

== Political and social themes ==
[[File:Shop Until You Drop by Banksy.JPG|thumb|right|''Shop Until You Drop'' in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 204</ref>]]
{{Anti-consumerism |People}}
Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or [[guerrilla warfare]] that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy.<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy sees a social class component to this [[class struggle|struggle]], remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead."<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against people, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.<ref name = "HPBanksy" />

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including [[anti-war]], [[anti-consumerism]], [[anti-fascism]], [[anti-imperialism]], [[anti-authoritarianism]], [[anarchism]], [[nihilism]], and [[existentialism]]. Additionally, the components of the [[human condition]] that his works commonly critique are [[greed]], poverty, [[hypocrisy]], [[boredom]], [[Despair (emotion)|despair]], [[absurdity]], and [[Social alienation|alienation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jonathon |last=Keats |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |title=Why Banksy Deserves An Olympic Gold More Than Usain Bolt|magazine=Forbes |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207040214/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |archive-date=7 February 2013 }}</ref> Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 110</ref> While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."<ref>Banksy (2006), ''Wall and Piece'', Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 155</ref>

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work ''Show me the Monet'', Banksy explained:

{{blockquote|The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Show Me The Monet|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|access-date=23 May 2021|website=Sotheby's|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170236/https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

''Show me the Monet'' repurposes [[Claude Monet]]'s ''Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies'', with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.<ref name=":3" />

During the [[2017 United Kingdom general election]], Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy makes election print-for-vote offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |work=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604063123/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |archive-date=4 June 2017 }}</ref> According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the [[Avon and Somerset Constabulary]] announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected [[corrupt practice]] of bribery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |title= Police investigate Banksy offer for possible election fraud |date= 5 June 2017 |access-date=5 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605205118/http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 }}</ref> and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor |first1=Roisin |title=Banksy cancels General Election print giveaway after police launch investigation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622133206/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |archive-date=22 June 2017 }}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Banksy referenced medical advice to [[Isolation (health care)|self-isolate]] by creating an artwork in his bathroom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|title=Banksy follows stay-at-home orders and makes bathroom art during coronavirus crisis|date=17 April 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420195925/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Philanthropy and activism==
Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as ''[[Civilian Drone Strike (Banksy)|Civilian Drone Strike]]'', which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for [[Campaign Against Arms Trade]] and [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]]. It was part of the exhibition "Art the Arms Fair" set up in opposition to the [[DSEI]] arms fair.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |title=Banksy 'Civilian Drone Strike' piece raises £200k for anti-arms campaign groups |first=Chloe |last=Chaplin |date=17 September 2017 |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416100418/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, a sculpture titled ''Dream Boat'', which was exhibited in [[Dismaland]] in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |title=Banksy Is Raffling Off a Refugee Sculpture for Only $2.50, If You Can Correctly Guess Its Weight |first=Naomi |last=Rea |date=3 December 2018 |work=Artnet |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828031214/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, he produced artwork for the [[Greenpeace]] campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled ''The Banality of the Banality of Evil'' was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |title=Mystery surrounds collapse of Banksy sale to benefit Housing Works charity |first=Richard |last=Luscombe |date=9 November 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827182319/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled ''Mobile Lovers'' was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |title=Banksy has say over disputed Mobile Lovers artwork |date=7 May 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007192538/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |title=Banksy's Mobile Lovers: Youth club owner who sold artwork in Bristol receives death threats |first=Kashmira |last=Gander |date=27 August 2014 |work=The Independent |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013132621/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |title=Banksy to raise money for homeless charities |date=10 December 2019 |work=Irish News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619161523/https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including [[The Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |title=Palestine: Banksy art creates a new model of resistance |date=25 December 2019 |work=Gulf News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312191714/https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |title=New Banksy pro-Palestine artwork sparks spat with Israeli art collector |work=The New Arab |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926212600/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827191018/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003512/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a [[triptych]] titled ''[[Mediterranean Sea View 2017]]'', which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |title=Banksy auctions refugee paintings for £2.2m to aid Bethlehem hospital |date=28 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915073700/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy gifted a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints|Game Changer]]'' to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |title=Banksy Donates New Artwork Celebrating Health Care Workers to British Hospital |first=Tessa |last=Solomon |date=7 May 2020 |work=ARTnews |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919224849/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer"/>

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a [[Louise Michel (ship)|rescue boat]] to save refugees at risk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The former French Navy boat, renamed after [[Louise Michel]], has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |title=Banksy funds boat to rescue refugees at sea |date=28 August 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829000826/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Books ==
Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:
* ''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'' (2001). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-0-0}}.
* ''Existencilism'' (2002). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-1-7}}.
* ''Cut It Out'' (2004). {{ISBN|978-0-9544960-0-5}}.
* ''Pictures of Walls'' (2005). {{ISBN|978-0-9551946-0-3}}.
* ''Wall and Piece'' (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84413-786-2}}.
* ''You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat and if You Were Not You Would Know It (2012)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Banksy Books - A Buyer's Guide 2024 |url=https://alxandrws.com/list-of-banksy-books-a-buyers-guide/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=AlxAndrws |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'', ''Existencilism'', and ''Cut It Out'' were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction Publisher: Weapons of Mass Distraction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113239/https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction |date=24 October 2018 }}, Open Library. Retrieved 24 October 2018</ref>

''Pictures of Walls'' is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pictures of walls : around the world in eighty sprays.|date=2005|publisher=Pictures of Walls (POW)|isbn=978-0955194603|location=London|oclc=682533140}}</ref>

Banksy's ''Wall and Piece'' compiled large parts of the images and writings in his original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Wall and Piece|last=Banksy|date=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1844137862|location=London|oclc=62531942}}</ref> It was intended for mass print, and published by [[Random House]].<ref name=":0" />

The writings in his original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Banging your head against a brick wall|last=Banksy|date=2001|publisher=Weapons of Mass Disruption|isbn=978-0954170400|location=UK|oclc=51183909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Existencilism|last=Banksy|date=2002|publisher=Weapons of Mass Distraction|isbn=978-0954170417|location=UK|oclc=51183910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cut it out|last=Banksy|date=2004|publisher=Banksy|isbn=978-0954496005|location=UK|oclc=61519372|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cutitout00bank}}</ref> While the content in them was almost entirely kept in ''Wall and Piece'', the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Visual arts}}
* [[List of works by Banksy]]
* [[List of works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed]]
* [[List of urban artists]]
* [[Street installation]]
* [[Brandalism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|editor1-first=Mirko|editor1-last=Reisser|editor1-link=Mirko Reisser|editor2-first=Gerrit|editor2-last=Peters|editor3-first=Heiko|editor3-last=Zahlmann|title=Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|series=Urban Discipline: Graffiti-Art|volume=3|edition=1st|page=144|language=de|publisher=getting-up|location=Hamburg (Germany)|year=2002|isbn=978-3-00-009421-7|url={{Google books|Kv6zGfMIIP8C|Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|page=|plainurl=yes}}|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy's Bristol: home sweet home ; the unofficial guide |date=2008 |publisher=Tangent Books |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=2. reprint |location=Bristol |editor-last2=Wright |editor-first2=Steve}}
* Martin Bull, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vfnk4ROcGIEC ''Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London'']{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2006 – with new editions in 2007, 2008 and 2010), {{ISBN|978-0-9554712-4-7}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Blanché |first=Ulrich |title=Something to s(pr)ay: Der Street Artivist Banksy: eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung |date=2013 |publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-8288-2283-2 |edition=1. Auflage |location=Marburg}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ellsworth-Jones |first1=Will |title=Banksy: the man behind the wall |last2=Banksy |date=2012 |publisher=Aurum |isbn=978-1-84513-699-4 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: the Bristol legacy |date=2012 |publisher=Redcliffe |isbn=978-1-906593-96-4 |editor-last=Gough |editor-first=Paul |location=Bristol}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: you are an acceptable level of threat and if you were not, you would know about it |date=2013 |publisher=Carpet Bombing Culture |isbn=978-1-908211-08-8 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=4. |location=Darlington |editor-last2=Shove |editor-first2=Gary |editor-last3=Potter |editor-first3=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stallabrass|first= J.|title=Contemporary Art: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2020|isbn=9780192561282|location=United Kingdom}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dery|first=Mark|title=Culture Jamming: Activism and the Art of Cultural Resistance|publisher=NYU Press|year=2017|isbn=9781479879724|location=United States}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|d=Q133600|c=category:Banksy|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Prone to spam|date=February 2015}}

'''Official websites:'''
* {{Official website}}
* [https://pestcontroloffice.com Pest Control] – official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works
* {{instagram|banksy}}
* {{YouTube|h=banksyfilm}}

'''Slideshows and galleries:'''
* {{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Banksy - art of the state archive |url=https://www.artofthestate.co.uk/archive/banksy-2/banksy/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite news |title=Banksy |url=https://www.flickr.com/groups/banksy/pool/?rb=1 |access-date=2025-08-15 |work=Flickr |language=en-us}}
* {{Cite web |last=BBC |title=BBC - London - In Pictures - Banksy Gallery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/image_galleries/banksy_gallery.shtml |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}
* {{Cite news |date=2009-06-12 |title=In pictures: Banksy's Bristol show |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8096000/8096891.stm |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite web |title=Banksy Stencils on Resuable Mylar - Graffiti Stencils of Banksy Art |url=https://www.stencilrevolution.com/collections/banksy-stencils |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Stencil Revolution |language=en}}

'''News items'''
* [http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=760586 "Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural", Ma'an News Agency, April 21, 2015]{{404|date=August 2025}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Story Behind Banksy |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-behind-banksy-4310304/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}

{{Banksy|state=expanded}}
{{Culture in Bristol}}
{{Culture jamming}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Banksy| ]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century English painters]]
[[Category:English male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century English painters]]
[[Category:Culture jamming]]
[[Category:English activists]]
[[Category:English contemporary artists]]
[[Category:English film directors]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:Satirical painters]]
[[Category:Guerrilla artists]]
[[Category:British political artists]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous artists]]
[[Category:Anti-consumerists]]
[[Category:Album-cover and concert-poster artists]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2000s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2010s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2020s]]
[[Category:Unidentified British people]]

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-09-30T14:35:54Z

Notjamesbond:

{{Infobox artist
| name = D.N.Z
| image = [[File:The Artist DNZ by a graffiti covered wall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DNZ, the artist, in front of a graffiti-covered wall]]
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = British
| field = Street art, murals
| movement = Street art
| notable_works = RNLI mural (Rhyl); “Strung along lover” (Hackney); mural series in Wales; works in Denver/Florida
| awards = Shortlisted, Dubel Prize ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' (2025)
}}

'''DNZ''' (also stylised '''D.N.Z''') is an anonymous street artist whose works have appeared in London, Wales, and internationally (including in Denver and Florida). His stencilled murals, sometimes compared to [[Banksy]], mix political, symbolic, and figurative themes, while maintaining the artist’s anonymity.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |title=DNZ the anonymous artist bringing art to the streets of Hackney |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/05/24/dnz-the-anonymous-artist-bringing-art-to-the-streets-of-hackney/ |website=Inspiring City |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Street work ==
DNZ’s street art has appeared in several parts of the United Kingdom and abroad.

In [[Hackney, London]], he created a piece titled '''Strung along lover''' on 25 February beside a red phone box on Southgate Road. A video on his Instagram shows the artist stencilling a silhouette of a woman connected by phone-line to the box. <ref name="HackneyGazette">{{cite web |title=DNZ is artist behind Banksy-style graffiti in Hackney |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/24173256.dnz-artist-behind-banksy-style-graffiti-hackney/ |work=Hackney Gazette |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also painted near Belsize Park Tube station, including imagery of a child in a gas mask under the words “World War Free.” <ref name="HackneyGazette"/>

In [[Wales]], DNZ was identified as the creator of a mural in Rhyl paying tribute to the [[RNLI]], described locally as “Banksy-style” and later protected with perspex. <ref name="BBC2023">{{cite news |title=Rhyl: Banksy-style RNLI tribute gets perspex protection |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461 |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2023 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="RhylJournal">{{cite web |title=Next artist behind Rhyl RNLI Banksy-style mural |url=https://www.rhyljournal.co.uk/news/23228860.next-artist-behind-rhyl-rnli-banksy-style-mural/ |work=Rhyl Journal |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, he produced a series of five murals across Denbighshire and Flintshire:
* a cow in Mold (on the Tafarn Derwen pub),
* an owl in a Trefnant bus shelter,
* a knight on horseback in Ruthin (interpreted as [[Owain Glyndŵr]]),
* a pheasant in St Asaph,
* and a boy with an umbrella on Rhyl promenade. <ref name="WalesOnline2023">{{cite news |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals across Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |work=WalesOnline |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Another early mural in [[Rhos on Sea]] — depicting an angler hooking a fish-shaped bikini bra — vanished within 12 hours of being completed. Painted on metal sheeting covering a property, the sheets were removed and taken. The thieves assuming that due to it's style, it was a Banksy. <ref name="WalesOnlineVanish">{{cite news |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |work=WalesOnline |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

In [[Denbigh]], additional works including pigeons, rabbits, and ants appeared in 2024, again sparking speculation about Banksy before DNZ claimed them. <ref name="BBC2024">{{cite news |title=Denbigh: Banksy-style murals prompt speculation in town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943 |work=BBC News |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Outside the UK, DNZ’s works have appeared on the streets of [[Denver]] and [[Florida]] in the United States, and he has also displayed pieces in [[Los Angeles]]. <ref name="InspiringCity2025"/>

== Style and themes ==
DNZ utilises multi-layer stencil techniques and bold graphic visuals.<ref name="HackneyGazette"/> His murals often explore themes such as social justice, symbolism, and urban life, frequently referencing local settings or historical events.<ref name="InspiringCity2025"/> Media coverage has repeatedly compared his work to [[Banksy]] due to anonymity and stencil methods, although DNZ emphasises his own distinct style.<ref name="BBC2023"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/>

== Reception ==
His murals have attracted significant media coverage and public intrigue, with some initially attributed to Banksy before DNZ claimed them. The Hackney and Wales works in particular drew strong responses locally. <ref name="HackneyGazette"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/><ref name="BBC2023"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2025, DNZ was shortlisted as an ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' finalist for the Dubel Prize, a competition highlighting emerging contemporary artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.N.Z – The Dubel Prize |url=https://dubelprize.com/pages/d-n-z?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Dubel Prize |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banksy]]
* [[Stencil graffiti]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

User:Notjamesbond

2025-09-29T21:32:31Z

Notjamesbond:

[[File:Symbol support vote.svg|15x15px|link=Tuition fees in the United Kingdom|Notjamesond helped to make Tuition fees in the United Kingdom a good article.]]
<table style="background: none; padding: 0px;"><tr><td valign="top">
<table style="width: 100%; float: left;">
<tr><td>
{| class="radius" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:#FFFFFF;"
| width="1%" height="10" style="border-left:2px solid #0581B5; border-top:2px solid #0581B5" | <div style="margin-top:-12px"> </div>
| style="border-top:2px solid #0581B5; border-right:2px solid #0581B5" | <div style="margin-top:-12px"> </div>
|-
| style="border-left:2px solid #0581B5; padding-left:.3em; padding-right:.3em" | [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|23px]]
| style="background:#CAEBF5; border:1px solid #0581B5; border-right:2px solid #0581B5; -moz-border-radius-topleft:.5em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:.5em; padding-left:.5em" | <div style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 95%;">'''About me:'''</div>
|-
| colspan="2" style="border:2px solid #0581B5; border-top:0; padding:.3em; padding-top:8px; font-size:95%" | <div style="margin-bottom:2px; padding:.5em; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #0581B5; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 95%; text-align: justify;">
I am a British user who lives in the north of England. I make edits on all sorts of things, particularly the sport of boxing but also UK politics and more recently I've been working on some health and safety related regulations in the UK.
</div></div>
|}

{{User England}}
{{User British}}
{{Template:User ancestry English}}
{{User:Hikari/Userboxes/User Yorkshire Ancestry}}
{{User:Octane/userboxes/User Scottish Ancestry}}
{{Template:User Welsh-ancestry}}
{{User WikiProject Boxing}}
{{User WikiProject Yorkshire}}
{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Politics of the United Kingdom/userbox}}
{{User WPBiography}}
{{User DYK|4}}
{{User:Ilikepie2221/UBX/MadeArticles|76}}
{{User:JohnRussell/wikipedianumedits|2,500}}
{{User Good Articles reviewed|2}}
{{User wikipedia/autopatrolled}}

===Created Articles===
====Boxing Biographies====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-5}}
* {{Flagicon|ZIM}} [[Ian Napa]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Darren Barker]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Don Broadhurst]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Gethin]]
* {{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Ricky Burns]]
* {{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Osumana Akaba]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Truscott]]
* {{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Tshifhiwa Munyai]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Power]]
* {{Flagicon|MGL}} [[Shinny Bayaar]]
* {{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Isaac Chilemba]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Ashley Theophane]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Darren McDermott]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Purdy]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Anthony Joshua]]

{{col-5}}
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Haskins]]
* {{Flagicon|NGR}} [[Ajose Olusegun]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Colin Lynes]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[David Barnes (boxer)|David Barnes]]
* {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Nathan Cleverly]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Craig Watson (boxer)|Craig Watson]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Jamie Cox (boxer)|Jamie Cox]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Matthew Marsh (boxer)|Matthew Marsh]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Andy Bell (boxer)|Andy Bell]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Jason Booth]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Ashley Sexton]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Tom Stalker]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Iain Weaver]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Travis Dickinson]]

{{col-5}}
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Kell Brook]]
* {{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Kevin Anderson (boxer)|Kevin Anderson]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Martin Murray (boxer)|Martin Murray]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[George Groves (boxer)|George Groves]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[John O'Donnell (boxer)|John O'Donnell]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Danny McIntosh]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Scott Lawton (boxer)|Scott Lawton]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Matthew Hall (boxer)|Matthew Hall]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Jamie McDonnell]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Andy Morris (boxer)|Andy Morris]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Quigley]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Gamal Yafai]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Foster (boxer)|Stephen Foster]]
* {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Lee Selby]]

{{col-5}}
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Rico Hoye]]
* {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Lawrence Tauasa]]
* {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Felix Cora Jr.]]
* {{Flagicon|NGR}} [[Akinyemi Laleye]]
* {{Flagicon|CUB}} [[Luis Garcia (boxer)|Luis Garcia]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Chris Edwards (boxer)|Chris Edwards]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Robert Norton]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Michael Maguire (boxer)|Michael Maguire]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Prince Arron]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Sam Webb (boxer)|Sam Webb]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Scott Quigg]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Liam Walsh (boxer)|Liam Walsh]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Simon Vallily]]
* {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Andrew Selby]]

{{col-5}}
* {{Flagicon|BLR}} [[Sergey Gulyakevich]]
* {{Flagicon|JAM}} [[Ovill McKenzie]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[John Keeton]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Mark Hobson (boxer)|Mark Hobson]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Rocky Dean]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Esham Pickering]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Lenny Daws]]
* {{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Charles Adamu]]
* {{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Ryan Brawley]]
* {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Gary Buckland]]
* {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Karo Murat]]
* {{Flagicon|SCO}} [[Callum Johnson]]
* {{Flagicon|ENG}} [[Tony Dodson]]
* {{Flagicon|WAL}} [[Fred Evans (boxer)|Fred Evans]]
{{col-end}}

====Boxing Articles====
* [[Joe Calzaghe vs. Mikkel Kessler]]
* [[Sakio Bika vs. Jaidon Codrington]]
* [[Newbridge boxing club]]
* [[Journeyman (boxing)]]
* [[Hayemaker Promotions]]
* [[Prizefighter series]]

====Other Articles====
* [[A Place Called Freedom]]
* [[Leon Baptiste]]
* [[Michael Crockart]]
* [[The Control of Noise at Work regulations 2005]]
* [[Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006]]
* [[Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998]]
* [[Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005]]
* [[Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992]]
* [[Greater Manchester Marathon]]
* [[Paul Robinson (artist)]]

====Did you know mentions====
{| style="background-color:transparent;border: 0px;width=100%"
|-
|[[File:DYKsquarecrop.png|20x20px|link=Leon Baptiste|This user had a "Did you know?" entry about Leon Baptiste featured on Wikipedia's Main Page.]]
|[[File:DYKsquarecrop.png|20x20px|link=Liam Walsh (boxer)|This user had a "Did you know?" entry about Liam Walsh featured on Wikipedia's Main Page.]]
|[[File:DYKsquarecrop.png|20x20px|link=Simon Vallily|This user had a "Did you know?" entry about Simon Vallily featured on Wikipedia's Main Page.]]
|[[File:DYKsquarecrop.png|20x20px|link=Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006|This user had a "Did you know?" entry about Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 featured on Wikipedia's Main Page.]]
|-
|}

====Articles significantly contributed to====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-5}}
*[[Tuition fees in the United Kingdom]] [[File:Symbol support vote.svg|15x15px|link=Tuition fees in the United Kingdom|Notjamesond helped to make Tuition fees in the United Kingdom a good article.]]
*[[Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999]]
*[[Clinton Woods]]
*[[Kevin McIntyre]]
*[[Derry Mathews]]
*[[Nick Clegg]]
*[[Danny Alexander]]
*[[Michael Moore (politician)|Michael Moore]]
*[[Chris Huhne]]
*[[Andrew Stunell]]

{{col-5}}
*[[Derry Mathews]]
*[[Nigel Wright (boxer)|Nigel Wright]]
*[[Ackworth, West Yorkshire]]
*[[Bradley Pryce]]
*[[John Wilkinson (Canadian politician)|John Wilkinson]]
*[[Liberal Democrats]]
*[[Rendall Munroe]]
*[[Nicky Cook]]
*[[Anthony Small]]
{{col-end}}

====Good Article Reviews====
* [[Cornwallis in North America]]
* [[Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes]]

*[[/sandbox]]
*[[/boxersandbox]]
*[[/experiments]]

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-09-29T21:12:58Z

Notjamesbond:

{{Infobox artist
| name = DNZ
| image = [[File:The Artist DNZ by a graffiti covered wall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DNZ, the artist, in front of a graffiti-covered wall]]
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = British
| field = Street art, murals
| movement = Street art
| notable_works = RNLI mural (Rhyl); “Strung along lover” (Hackney); mural series in Wales; works in Denver/Florida
| awards = Shortlisted, Dubel Prize ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' (2025)
}}

'''DNZ''' (also stylised '''D.N.Z''') is an anonymous street artist whose works have appeared in London, Wales, and internationally (including in Denver and Florida). His stencilled murals, sometimes compared to [[Banksy]], mix political, symbolic, and figurative themes, while maintaining the artist’s anonymity.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |title=DNZ the anonymous artist bringing art to the streets of Hackney |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/05/24/dnz-the-anonymous-artist-bringing-art-to-the-streets-of-hackney/ |website=Inspiring City |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Street work ==
DNZ’s street art has appeared in several parts of the United Kingdom and abroad.

In [[Hackney, London]], he created a piece titled '''Strung along lover''' on 25 February beside a red phone box on Southgate Road. A video on his Instagram shows the artist stencilling a silhouette of a woman connected by phone-line to the box. <ref name="HackneyGazette">{{cite web |title=DNZ is artist behind Banksy-style graffiti in Hackney |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/24173256.dnz-artist-behind-banksy-style-graffiti-hackney/ |work=Hackney Gazette |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also painted near Belsize Park Tube station, including imagery of a child in a gas mask under the words “World War Free.” <ref name="HackneyGazette"/>

In [[Wales]], DNZ was identified as the creator of a mural in Rhyl paying tribute to the [[RNLI]], described locally as “Banksy-style” and later protected with perspex. <ref name="BBC2023">{{cite news |title=Rhyl: Banksy-style RNLI tribute gets perspex protection |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461 |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2023 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="RhylJournal">{{cite web |title=Next artist behind Rhyl RNLI Banksy-style mural |url=https://www.rhyljournal.co.uk/news/23228860.next-artist-behind-rhyl-rnli-banksy-style-mural/ |work=Rhyl Journal |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, he produced a series of five murals across Denbighshire and Flintshire:
* a cow in Mold (on the Tafarn Derwen pub),
* an owl in a Trefnant bus shelter,
* a knight on horseback in Ruthin (interpreted as [[Owain Glyndŵr]]),
* a pheasant in St Asaph,
* and a boy with an umbrella on Rhyl promenade. <ref name="WalesOnline2023">{{cite news |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals across Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |work=WalesOnline |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Another early mural in [[Rhos on Sea]] — depicting an angler hooking a fish-shaped bikini bra — vanished within 12 hours of being completed. Painted on metal sheeting covering a property, the sheets were removed and taken. The thieves assuming that due to it's style, it was a Banksy. <ref name="WalesOnlineVanish">{{cite news |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |work=WalesOnline |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

In [[Denbigh]], additional works including pigeons, rabbits, and ants appeared in 2024, again sparking speculation about Banksy before DNZ claimed them. <ref name="BBC2024">{{cite news |title=Denbigh: Banksy-style murals prompt speculation in town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943 |work=BBC News |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Outside the UK, DNZ’s works have appeared on the streets of [[Denver]] and [[Florida]] in the United States, and he has also displayed pieces in [[Los Angeles]]. <ref name="InspiringCity2025"/>

== Style and themes ==
DNZ utilises multi-layer stencil techniques and bold graphic visuals.<ref name="HackneyGazette"/> His murals often explore themes such as social justice, symbolism, and urban life, frequently referencing local settings or historical events.<ref name="InspiringCity2025"/> Media coverage has repeatedly compared his work to [[Banksy]] due to anonymity and stencil methods, although DNZ emphasises his own distinct style.<ref name="BBC2023"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/>

== Reception ==
His murals have attracted significant media coverage and public intrigue, with some initially attributed to Banksy before DNZ claimed them. The Hackney and Wales works in particular drew strong responses locally. <ref name="HackneyGazette"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/><ref name="BBC2023"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2025, DNZ was shortlisted as an ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' finalist for the Dubel Prize, a competition highlighting emerging contemporary artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.N.Z – The Dubel Prize |url=https://dubelprize.com/pages/d-n-z?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Dubel Prize |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banksy]]
* [[Stencil graffiti]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

User:Notjamesbond/sandbox

2025-09-29T21:11:23Z

Notjamesbond:

{{Infobox artist
| name = DNZ
| image = [[File:The Artist DNZ by a graffiti covered wall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|DNZ, the artist, in front of a graffiti-covered wall]]
| caption =
| birth_name = Anonymous
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality = British
| field = Street art, murals
| movement = Street art
| notable_works = RNLI mural (Rhyl); “Strung along lover” (Hackney); mural series in Wales; works in Denver/Florida
| awards = Shortlisted, Dubel Prize ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' (2025)
}}

'''DNZ''' (also stylised '''D.N.Z''') is an anonymous street artist whose works have appeared in London, Wales, and internationally (including in Denver and Florida). His stencilled murals, sometimes compared to [[Banksy]], mix political, symbolic, and figurative themes, while maintaining the artist’s anonymity.<ref name="InspiringCity2025">{{cite web |title=DNZ the anonymous artist bringing art to the streets of Hackney |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2025/05/24/dnz-the-anonymous-artist-bringing-art-to-the-streets-of-hackney/ |website=Inspiring City |date=24 May 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

== Street work ==
DNZ’s street art has appeared in several parts of the United Kingdom and abroad.

In [[Hackney, London]], he created a piece titled '''Strung along lover''' on 25 February beside a red phone box on Southgate Road. A video on his Instagram shows the artist stencilling a silhouette of a woman connected by phone-line to the box. <ref name="HackneyGazette">{{cite web |title=DNZ is artist behind Banksy-style graffiti in Hackney |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/24173256.dnz-artist-behind-banksy-style-graffiti-hackney/ |work=Hackney Gazette |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> He has also painted near Belsize Park Tube station, including imagery of a child in a gas mask under the words “World War Free.” <ref name="HackneyGazette"/>

In [[Wales]], DNZ was identified as the creator of a mural in Rhyl paying tribute to the [[RNLI]], described locally as “Banksy-style” and later protected with perspex. <ref name="BBC2023">{{cite news |title=Rhyl: Banksy-style RNLI tribute gets perspex protection |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461 |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2023 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="RhylJournal">{{cite web |title=Next artist behind Rhyl RNLI Banksy-style mural |url=https://www.rhyljournal.co.uk/news/23228860.next-artist-behind-rhyl-rnli-banksy-style-mural/ |work=Rhyl Journal |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> In January 2025, he produced a series of five murals across Denbighshire and Flintshire:
* a cow in Mold (on the Tafarn Derwen pub),
* an owl in a Trefnant bus shelter,
* a knight on horseback in Ruthin (interpreted as [[Owain Glyndŵr]]),
* a pheasant in St Asaph,
* and a boy with an umbrella on Rhyl promenade. <ref name="WalesOnline2023">{{cite news |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals across Wales |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |work=WalesOnline |date=15 January 2025 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Another early mural in [[Rhos on Sea]] — depicting an angler hooking a fish-shaped bikini bra — vanished within 12 hours of being completed. Painted on metal sheeting covering a property, the sheets were removed and taken. The thieves assuming that due to it's style, it was a Banksy. <ref name="WalesOnlineVanish">{{cite news |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |work=WalesOnline |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

In [[Denbigh]], additional works including pigeons, rabbits, and ants appeared in 2024, again sparking speculation about Banksy before DNZ claimed them. <ref name="BBC2024">{{cite news |title=Denbigh: Banksy-style murals prompt speculation in town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943 |work=BBC News |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>

Outside the UK, DNZ’s works have appeared on the streets of [[Denver]] and [[Florida]] in the United States, and he has also displayed pieces in [[Los Angeles]]. <ref name="InspiringCity2025"/>

== Style and themes ==
DNZ utilises multi-layer stencil techniques and bold graphic visuals.<ref name="HackneyGazette"/> His murals often explore themes such as social justice, symbolism, and urban life, frequently referencing local settings or historical events.<ref name="InspiringCity2025"/> Media coverage has repeatedly compared his work to [[Banksy]] due to anonymity and stencil methods, although DNZ emphasises his own distinct style.<ref name="BBC2023"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/>

== Reception ==
His murals have attracted significant media coverage and public intrigue, with some initially attributed to Banksy before DNZ claimed them. The Hackney and Wales works in particular drew strong responses locally. <ref name="HackneyGazette"/><ref name="WalesOnline2023"/><ref name="BBC2023"/>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2025, DNZ was shortlisted as an ''Emerging British Artist of the Year'' finalist for the Dubel Prize, a competition highlighting emerging contemporary artists.<ref>{{cite web |title=D.N.Z – The Dubel Prize |url=https://dubelprize.com/pages/d-n-z?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Dubel Prize |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Banksy]]
* [[Stencil graffiti]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Banksy

2025-09-29T20:29:06Z

Notjamesbond: /* Early career (1990–2001) */ updated section and added reference in response to 'citation needed' tag which has now been removed

{{Short description|Graffiti artist, political activist and painter}}
{{For|the payment processor|Banksys}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Banksy
| image = File:banksy-art.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Banksy art on [[Brick Lane]], [[East End of London]], 2004
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Street art]]
| training =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| works = ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''
| signature = Banksy signature-removebg-preview.png
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| patrons =
| awards =
| website = {{Ubl
| {{Official URL}}
| {{URL|pestcontroloffice.com}}
}}
}}

'''Banksy''' is a [[pseudonymous]] England-based [[street art]]ist, [[political activist]], and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Holzwarth|first1=Hans W.|title=100 Contemporary Artists A–Z |date=2009|publisher=Taschen|location=Köln|isbn=978-3-8365-1490-3|page=40|edition=Taschen's 25th anniversary special}}</ref> Active since the 1990s, his satirical [[street art]] and subversive [[epigram]]s combine [[black comedy|dark humour]] with [[graffiti]] executed in a distinctive [[Stencil graffiti|stencilling]] technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls, and bridges throughout the world.<ref>[http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ "The Banksy Paradox: 7 Sides to the World's Most Infamous Street Artist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402080538/http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ |date=2 April 2011 }}, 19 July 2007</ref> His work grew out of the [[Bristol underground scene]], which involved collaborations between artists and musicians.<ref name="tel_banksy">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html |title=Banksy: off the wall |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=24 June 2009 |last=Baker |first=Lindsay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413030104/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html | archive-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> Banksy says that he was inspired by [[Robert Del Naja|3D]], a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group [[Massive Attack]].<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103163406/http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|archive-date=3 January 2012|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref>

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. He no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall on which they were painted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|title=Banksy fans fail to bite at street art auction|work=meeja.com.au|date=30 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016145044/http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|archive-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of his work can be classified as [[temporary art]].<ref name="Expose">{{cite web |title=Banksy: Temporary by Design |url=https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |website=Expose |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120033546/https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A small number of his works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency he created called Pest Control.<ref>Abrams, Loney, [https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 How Does Banksy Make Money? (Or, A Quick Lesson in Art Market Economics)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152508/https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 |date=24 October 2018 }}, ''Artspace'', 30 March 2018</ref> Banksy directed and starred in the documentary film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'', which made its debut at the 2010 [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |title=Banksy film to debut at Sundance |work=BBC News |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=12 April 2010 |author= |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331215252/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2011, it was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|title=Banksy's Exit Through the Gift Shop up for Oscar award|date=25 January 2011|work=BBC Bristol|access-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421060515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> Banksy received the Webby Person of the Year award at the [[2014 Webby Awards]].<ref name="Webby">{{cite web|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |title=2014 Webby Awards Person of the Year |publisher=Webbyawards.com |access-date=30 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104957/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

== Identity ==
Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with [[Simon Hattenstone]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'', Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between [[Jimmy Nail]] and [[Mike Skinner (musician)|Mike Skinner]] of [[The Streets]]."<ref name="spray"/> An [[ITV News]] segment of 2003 featured a short interview with someone identified in the reporting as Banksy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2022 |title=Is this Banksy? Forgotten interview with elusive graffiti artist uncovered from ITV tape vaults |url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[ITV News]] |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054204/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults }}</ref> Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal".<ref name="spray">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|title=Something to spray|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=17 July 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 January 2018|location=UK|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130013652/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly lived in [[Easton, Bristol|Easton]], Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.<ref name="birthdate2"/><ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', Property section, London, 7 July 2018, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|title=Banksy: Map profiling backs theory that graffiti artist is Robin Gunningham|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=7 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712162947/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'' claimed in 2008 that Banksy is Robin Gunningham,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Banksy |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |encyclopedia=[[The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |via=[[The Free Dictionary]] |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812010950/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |url-status=live }}</ref> born on 28 July 1974 in [[Yate]], {{convert|12|mi}} from [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129100919/http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Lonely Planet|title=Great Britain: Southwest England |edition=10th|date=2013|page=282}}</ref><ref name="birthdate">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|last=Adams|first=Tim|title=Banksy: The graffitist goes straight|newspaper=The Observer|date=14 June 2009|location=London|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033501/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="birthdate2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|last=Hines|first=Nico|title=The Secret Life of the Real Banksy, Robin Gunningham|date=11 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|newspaper=The Daily Beast|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925115426/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at [[Bristol Cathedral School]] have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] using [[geographic profiling]] found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham.<ref name="tagging_banksy_independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|title=Banksy: Geographic profiling 'proves' artist really is Robin Gunningham, according to scientists|last1=Sherwin|first1=Adam|date=3 March 2016|work=Independent|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052043/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tagging_banksy_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Hauge|first1=Michelle V.|last2=Stevenson|first2=Mark D.|last3=Rossmo|first3=D. Kim|last4=Le Comber|first4=Steven|date=3 March 2016|title=Tagging Banksy: using geographic profiling to investigate a modern art mystery|journal=Journal of Spatial Science|volume=61|issue=1|pages=185–190|doi=10.1080/14498596.2016.1138246|bibcode=2016JSpSc..61..185H|s2cid=130859901|url=http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111539/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|url-status=live| issn = 1449-8596}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663 "Banksy 'may abandon commercial art'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303003519/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663|date=3 March 2015}}. BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art "Banksy: the artist who's driven to the wall"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826004247/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art|date=26 August 2016}}. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref> According to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring Banksy's artwork from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with Gunningham's signature.<ref name="gillespie-20180805">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|title=Signed Banksy album artworks go up for sale|last=Gillespie|first=James|date=5 August 2018|website=The Sunday Times|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502072405/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2017, DJ [[Goldie]] referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|title=Did Goldie just reveal who Banksy is?|date=23 June 2017|access-date=24 July 2018|work=BBC News|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011051716/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the [[BBC]] in 2003, which was rediscovered in November 2023, reporter [[Nigel Wrench]] asked if Banksy is called Robert Banks; Banksy responded that his forename is Robbie.<ref name="BBC Nanji">{{cite news |last=Nanji |first=Noor |date=21 November 2023 |title=Banksy: Street artist confirms first name in lost BBC interview |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121203154/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC |location=UK}}</ref>

Other alternate speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:
* [[Robert Del Naja]] (also known as 3D), a member of the [[trip hop]] band [[Massive Attack]], had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|title=Is Banksy Actually Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja?|last1=Jenkins|first1=Nash|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030133/http://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|archive-date=4 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|title=Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack?|last1=Jaworski|first1=Michael|date=2 September 2016|website=The Daily Dot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903175804/http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|archive-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
* In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former ''[[Art Attack]]'' presenter [[Neil Buchanan]] was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|title=Neil Buchanan: Former Art Attack host denies Banksy rumours|date=7 September 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907211226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in [[Pembroke Dock]], was rumoured to be Banksy. He resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Mr Banksy, I presume: the councillor who quit over claims he has a secret |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527184222/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Several artists have created work which use similar techniques to Banksy. Often these get mistaken in the press leading to mis-attribution. Examples of this can be seen in the work of artists John D'oh and Silent Bill who have re-produced similar versions to Banksy's work in the past.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Bill or Banksy’ Did a Fake Really Sell for £250k on a TV Show Auction? |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2023/07/28/bill-or-banksy-did-a-fake-really-sell-for-250k-on-a-tv-show-auction/ |website=Inspiring City |date=2023-07-28 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref> Also in the work of DNZ whose single layer stencil murals are often confused with Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals appear in Rhyl |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |website=Daily Post |date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy-style mural appears on wall near Rhyl lifeboat station |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461.amp |website=BBC News |date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours of appearing in Rhyl |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |website=WalesOnline |date=2025-08-01 |access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref>

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alexander |first=Ella |date=20 October 2014 |title=Banksy not arrested: Internet duped by fake report claiming artist's identity revealed |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025514/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
{{See also|List of works by Banksy}}

=== Early career (1990–2001) ===
[[File:Banksybomb.JPG|thumb|A Banksy work from the [[Bristol underground scene]]. The artwork was also produced as a series of screenprints titled Bomb Hugger in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Bombhugger Print {{!}} Meaning & History |url=https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Andipa Editions |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124129/https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=Banksy mural Bombhugger]]
Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994<ref name="WrightHome32">{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Steve |first2=Richard |last2=Jones |first3=Trevor|last3=Wyatt|title=Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home |publisher=Tangent Books |location=Bath |date=28 November 2007 |page=32 |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4}}</ref> as one of [[Bristol]]'s DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |title=N-Igma fanzine showing examples of DBZ Graffiti tagged by Banksy, Kato and Tes |date=April 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403065449/http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger [[Bristol underground scene]] with [[Nick Walker (artist)|Nick Walker]], [[Inkie]] and [[Robert Del Naja|3D]].<ref name="bbc street art show comes to Bristol">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |title=Street art show comes to Bristol |work=BBC News |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2011 |quote=Street art [...] erupted in the UK in the early 1980s [...] active on the Bristol scene at that time included Banksy, Nick Walker, Inkie and Robert del Naja, or '3D', of Massive Attack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="sky banksy art auctions">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |title=Banksy Hits Out at Street Art Auctions |publisher=[[Sky News]] |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=31 August 2011 |author=Reid, Julia |location=London |quote=Along with Banksy, Bristol's graffiti heritage includes 3D, who went on to form Massive Attack, Inkie, and one of the original stencil artists Nick Walker. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117022803/http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |archive-date=17 November 2011 }}</ref> During this time he met Bristol photographer [[Steve Lazarides]], who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent.<ref name="FT urban renewal">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |title=Urban Renewal: Steve Lazarides continues to expand his street art empire |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=4 November 2013 |author=Child, Andrew |location=London |quote=He had discovered Banksy on a chance photo shoot in Bristol in 2001 while working as picture editor of Sleaze Nation magazine, and brought him to public attention along with a roster of other urban artists... Lazarides and Banksy parted company in 2009, a mysterious split about which both parties have remained tight-lipped. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328214441/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=28 March 2014 }}</ref> By 2000 he had turned to the art of [[stencil]]ling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number<ref name="wallandpiece">{{cite book |last=Banksy |title=Wall and Piece |publisher=[[Random House]] |url=http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |access-date=19 September 2006 |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928183419/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.<ref name="wallandpiece" /> He was the [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for the [[Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls]] football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001.<ref name="bbc onyangaomara 2012">{{cite news|last=Onyanga-Omara |first=Jane |title=Banksy in goal: The story of the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |access-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=14 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916215025/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |archive-date=16 September 2012 }}</ref> Banksy's first known large wall mural was ''[[The Mild Mild West]]'' painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a [[teddy bear]] lobbing a [[Molotov cocktail]] at three [[riot police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |title=Banksy's mild mild west piece, Stokes Croft, Bristol |publisher=Bristol-street-art.co.uk |date=27 November 2008 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183319/http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |archive-date=16 April 2014 }}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message was often [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]], [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]], or [[anti-establishment]]. Subjects could include rats, [[ape]]s, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.<ref>https://banksyexplained.com/banksy-murals-overview/</ref>

=== Exhibitions (2002–2003) ===
On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, a tiny [[Silver Lake, Los Angeles|Silver Lake]] venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|title=Existencilism. Los Angeles, July 2002.|date=16 April 2017|website=Banksy Unofficial|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150316/https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|title=Banksy – Smiley Copper H|website=Phillips|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150839/https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|url-status=live}}</ref> The exhibition, entitled ''Existencilism'', ''"an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness"'' was curated by 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |title=Banksy Existencilism Book |work=Art of the State |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204070348/http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |archive-date=4 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, and Coleman.<ref name=":1" /> Some of the paintings exhibited included ''Smiley Copper H'' (2002), ''Leopard and Barcode'' (2002), ''Bomb Hugger'' (2002), and ''Love Is in the Air'' (2002).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|title=First time at auction for Banksy's 2002 art work, Leopard and Barcode, at Bonhams Urban art sale|website=artdaily.cc|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052958/https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bethlehem Banksy.jpg|thumb|Banksy mural in [[Bethlehem]], [[West Bank]], Palestine]]

In 2003, at an exhibition called ''[[Turf War (Banksy)|Turf War]]'', held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's [[Nigel Wrench]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy's Bristol |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |website=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> Although the [[RSPCA]] declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm |title=Animals sprayed by graffiti artist |work=BBC News |date=18 July 2003 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005173441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3077217.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref> An example of his [[Subversion (politics)|subverted]] paintings is [[Monet]]'s ''[[Water Lilies (Monet series)|Water Lily Pond]]'', adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a [[shopping trolley]] floating in its reflective waters; another is [[Edward Hopper]]'s ''[[Nighthawks (painting)|Nighthawks]]'', redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his [[Union Flag]] underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |title=Banksy Show Tonight in London |date=13 October 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111130101/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |archive-date=11 November 2006 }}</ref>

Banksy, along with [[Shepard Fairey]], Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in [[Alexandria, New South Wales|Alexandria, Sydney]], for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

=== £10 notes to ''Barely Legal'' (2004–2006) ===
[[File:Banksy Hitchhiker to Anywhere Archway 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A stencil of [[Charles Manson]] in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, [[Archway, London]]]]
In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mix|first=Elizabeth|year=2011|title=Bansky|journal=Grove Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2093940}}</ref> replacing the picture of the Queen's head with [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]'s head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at [[Notting Hill Carnival]] that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on [[eBay]]. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the ''[[NME]]'' signing tent at the [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading Festival]]. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at [[Bonhams]] auction house in London for £24,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy print donated to Bristol arts venue, The Cube |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=20 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925224121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence ([[Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981|s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981]]). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reinhard|first=Andrew|year=2016|title=ANS Acquires Authentic Banksy £10 Diana Note|url=http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=American Numismatic Society Blog|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211945/http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, s.18|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|access-date=10 May 2021|website=legislation.gov.uk|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510171607/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled ''Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling).'' In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of [[Phan Thi Kim Phuc]], a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph "[[The Terror of War]]" by [[Nick Ut]]. ''Napalm'' shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of ''Napalm''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things To Know About Banksy's Napalm|url=https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=MyArtBroker|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123230920/https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tichy|first=Anna|year=2021|title=Banksy: Artist, Prankster, or Both?|journal=New York Law School Law Review|volume=65 |pages=81–103|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Friedman|first=Jacob|title=Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling)|url=https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/|url-status=usurped|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Hexagon Gallery|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224456/https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/ |archive-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref>

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the [[Palestinian territories]], created nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli West Bank wall]].<ref name="JonesIsrael">{{cite news|first=Sam |last=Jones |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1543171,00.html |title=Spray can prankster tackles Israel's security barrier |date=5 August 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004133921/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0%2C11711%2C1543171%2C00.html |archive-date=4 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.
| source = Banksy<ref name="HPBanksy">[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html Banksy Graffiti: A Book About The Thinking Street Artist] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118130547/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html |date=18 November 2013 }} by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', 30 August 2012</ref>
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}}

Banksy held an exhibition called ''[[Barely Legal (Banksy)|Barely Legal]]'', billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live "[[elephant in the room|elephant in a room]]", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from [[animal rights]] activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |title=Banksy's painted elephant is illegal, say officials |author=Oliver, Mark |date=18 September 2006 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230158/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy also made artwork displaying [[Queen Victoria]] as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by [[Andy Warhol]] and [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |title='Guerrilla artist' Banksy hits LA |work=BBC News |date=14 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |first=Peter |last=Bowes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312143923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref>

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for [[Keep Britain Tidy]], asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |title=Banksy biography |work=Brian Sewell Art Directory (briansewell.com) |date=4 August 2005 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215230943/http://briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere" />

=== Banksy effect (2006–2007) ===
[[File:Banksy-ps.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''[[Well Hung Lover|Naked Man]]'' image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/5346822.stm |title=UK, Magazine, Faces of the week |work=BBC News |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306192610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5346822.stm |archive-date=6 March 2009 }}</ref> in [[Park Street, Bristol]]. Following popular support, the City Council decided it will be allowed to remain. ([[:File:banksy.in.bristols.park.street.longshot.arp.jpg|wider view]])]]

After [[Christina Aguilera]] bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece|title=Aguilera invests £25,000 in Banksy |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=6 April 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 | first=Matthew | last=Beard| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060907055717/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece| archive-date= 7 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref> on 19 October 2006, a set of [[Kate Moss]] paintings sold in [[Sotheby's]] London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of [[Andy Warhol]]'s [[Marilyn Diptych|Marilyn Monroe pictures]], sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |title=Banksy works set auction record |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209131916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |archive-date=9 February 2007 }}</ref>
In December, journalist [[Max Foster]] coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |title=Your World Today (Transcript) |publisher=CNN |date=4 December 2006 |access-date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710034649/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |archive-date=10 July 2009 }} "Banksy Effect" mentioned near end.</ref>

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for ''[[Bombing Middle England]]''. Two of his other graffiti works, ''[[Girl with Balloon]]'' and ''[[Bomb Hugger]]'', sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |title=British graffiti artist joins elite in record sale |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=8 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109224649/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |archive-date=9 January 2009 }}</ref> The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: ''[[Ballerina with Action Man Parts]]'' reached £96,000; ''[[Glory (Banksy)|Glory]]'' sold for £72,000; ''[[Untitled (2004)]]'' sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html |title=Sotheby's makes a killing from Banksy's guerrilla artworks |first=Geneviève |last=Roberts |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123459/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html| archive-date= 21 February 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere">{{cite magazine|last=Collins |first=Lauren |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all |title=Banksy Was Here: The invisible man of graffiti art |magazine=The New Yorker |date=14 May 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230190402/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in [[Bristol]] decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/6351467.stm |title=Free house as part of mural sale |work=BBC News |date=12 February 2007 |access-date=12 February 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6351467.stm| archive-date= 13 February 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2007, [[Transport for London]] painted over Banksy's [[Pulp Fiction (Banksy)|image]] of a scene from [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), featuring [[Samuel L. Jackson]] and [[John Travolta]] clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6575345.stm |title=Iconic Banksy image painted over |work=BBC News |date=20 April 2007 |access-date=20 April 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070525234557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6575345.stm| archive-date= 25 May 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second ''Pulp Fiction'' work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in [[Barking, London|Barking]], east London on 12 January 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |title=Blood on the tracks |first=Esther |last=Addley |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021133537/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:
[[File:Ozone's Angel.jpg|thumb|left|''Ozone's Angel'']]
{{blockquote|The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone—rest in peace.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bull|first=Martin|title=Banksy Locations & Tours: A collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London, England|year=2011|publisher=PM Press|isbn=978-1-60486-320-8}}</ref>}}

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work ''[[Space Girl and Bird]]'' fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at [[Bonhams]] of London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425 |title=Reuters UK: Elusive artist Banksy sets record price |work=Reuters.com |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230165901/http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's [[Greatest Britons|Greatest living Briton]]. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status.
On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's ''[[The Drinker (Banksy)|The Drinker]]'' had been stolen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy Statue Stolen |url=http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |work=[[Stranger (magazine)|Stranger]] |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608161006/http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |archive-date=8 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1184233,00.html |title=But is it kidnap? |first=Simon |last=Hattenstone |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625121937/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0%2C%2C1184233%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0,,30100-1289548,00.html ''Guerilla Artist,''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026021115/http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0%2C%2C30100-1289548%2C00.html |date=26 October 2007 }} Sky News, 24 October 2007</ref>

Banksy has published a "[[manifesto]]" on his website.<ref name=manifesto>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119032828/http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-date=19 January 2005|title=Camp}}</ref> The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Mervin Willett Gonin, [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], which is exhibited in the [[Imperial War Museum]]. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free [[George Davis (armed robber)|George Davis]] from imprisonment.<ref name=manifesto /> By 12 August 2009 he was relying on [[Emo Philips]]' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness."
A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie ''[[Children of Men]]'', including a stencilled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |publisher=Contact Music |access-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222013559/http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts, etc.)",<ref>{{cite web| title= A message from Banksy's lawyer| url= http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| access-date= 28 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026144455/http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| archive-date= 26 October 2010| url-status=dead| df= dmy-all}}</ref> claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy Pans His First New York Show |work=Artinfo |publisher=[[Louise Blouin Media]] |date=7 December 2007 |url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225635/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |archive-date=16 September 2008 }}</ref>

=== 2008 ===
[[File:Banksy Swinger Building Detail.jpg|thumb|left|Banksy ''Swinger'' in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]]]
In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled ''[[Fragile Silence]]'', done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trailer a Banksy treasure|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|access-date=17 December 2015|publisher=BBC|date=6 March 2008|archive-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225065958/http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the [[Glastonbury Festival]]. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile 'art house' for sale |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |archive-date=28 July 2013 }}</ref>

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on [[Thames Water]] tower in the middle of the [[Holland Park Avenue|Holland Park roundabout]], and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this—Society!" in bright orange. [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]] spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |title=Banksy must have an Oyster card. He's gone west! |work=The London Paper |date=11 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314012848/http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |archive-date=14 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and the associated [[2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans|levee failure disaster]], Banksy produced a series of works in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |title=Banksy Paints Murals in New Orleans To Mark Hurricane Katrina Anniversary; Gallery 'Banksy Art in Big Easy' |publisher=Sky News |date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206033907/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref>

[[File:No Loitering Banksy.jpg|thumb|Work on building in the [[Lower Ninth Ward]] of New Orleans, August 2008]]

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the [[Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama|Ensley]] neighbourhood of [[Birmingham, Alabama]] on 29 August as [[Hurricane Gustav]] approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.<ref name=WoosterCollective>[http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama Banksy's Road Trip Continues: Takes On The KKK In Birmingham, Alabama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021203209/http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama |date=21 October 2013 }}, Marc Schiller, ''[[Wooster Collective]]''</ref>
His first official exhibition in New York City, ''[[The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill]]'', opened 5 October 2008. The [[Audio-Animatronics|animatronic]] pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby [[Chicken McNuggets]] as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.<ref name=NYOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |title=Where Fish Sticks Swim Free and Chicken Nuggets Self-Dip |work=The New York Times |first=Melena |last=Ryzik |date=9 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609070832/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |archive-date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>

The [[Westminster City Council]] stated in October 2008 that the work ''[[One Nation Under CCTV]]'', painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told ''The Times'' newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art."<ref name=SMHOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Banksy art is graffiti, rules town hall |date=24 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152752/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |archive-date=31 March 2013 }}</ref> The work was painted over in April 2009.
In December 2008, ''The Little Diver'', a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear [[perspex]]; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.<ref name=TheAgeDec2008>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |work=The Age |location=Australia |title=The painter painted: Melbourne loses its treasured Banksy |date=14 December 2008 |first=Janae |last=Houghton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324071147/http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |archive-date=24 March 2011 }}</ref>

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of [[Blek le Rat]], who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery. Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art,<ref name=Coan>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |location=London |work=The Independent |title=Blek le Rat: This is not a Banksy |date=19 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808032756/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> but said in an interview for the documentary ''Graffiti Wars'' that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."<ref>{{cite news|author=Wells, Jeff|date=15 August 2011|title=Guerrilla artists at war over style accusations|newspaper=[[Western Daily Press]]|page=3}}</ref>

==== The Cans Festival (2008) ====
In London, over the weekend 3–5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called ''The Cans Festival''. It was situated on [[Leake Street]], a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath [[London Waterloo station]]. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |title=Tunnel becomes Banksy art exhibit |date=2 May 2008 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617194911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |archive-date=17 June 2009 }}</ref> Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.<ref>{{cite news | title = Banksy Hosts The Cans Festival | url = http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | publisher = Cool Hunting | date = 6 May 2008 | access-date = 17 May 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184925/http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | archive-date = 11 May 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2009 ===
[[File:King Robbo.jpg|thumb|The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by [[King Robbo|Robbo]] in Camden, London, allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation]]
In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent [[Steve Lazarides]] and announced that Pest Control,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pestcontroloffice.com/faq.asp|title=What is Pest Control? |publisher=Pest Control Office |access-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131223445/http://pestcontroloffice.com/whatispco.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works.
On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]], featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy's homecoming reviewed |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=14 June 2009 |last=Cafe |first=Rebecca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum|title=Take a stuffy old institution. Remix. Add wit. It's Banksy v the museum|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=13 June 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=13 June 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615161052/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html |title=Thousands flock to Banksy show in Bristol|date=15 June 2009 |work=Bristol Evening Post |publisher=Bristol News and Media |access-date=15 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090618140338/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html| archive-date= 18 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy art show draws in 300,000 |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=31 August 2009 |access-date=31 August 2009 |first=Rebecca |last=Cafe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref>
In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 [[Blur (band)|Blur]] single "[[Crazy Beat]]" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |title=Blur Banksy is ruined by mistake |work=BBC News |date=5 September 2009 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming", with the words being submerged in water.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8425397.stm Banksy art tackles global warming] . ''BBC News''. 21 December 2009.</ref>
A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and [[King Robbo]] broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.<ref name="indy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|title=My Graffiti War with Banksy By King Robbo
|author=Fuertes-Knight, Jo
|work=Sabotage Times
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819215549/http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|archive-date=19 August 2011
|access-date=15 August 2011
}}</ref>

=== ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' and United States (2010) ===
The world premiere of the film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'' took place at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah]], on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and [[Salt Lake City]] to tie in with the screening.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_14232591 |title=Famous 'tagger' Banksy strikes in Utah |first=Sean P. |last=Means| work=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=21 January 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124082724/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14232591| archive-date= 24 January 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> In February, [[The Whitehouse (pub)|The Whitehouse]] public house in [[Liverpool]], England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.<ref name="liverpooldailypost">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |title=Liverpool Banksy rat pub building sold for £114,000 at auction |date=18 February 2010 |work=The Liverpool Daily Post |author=Sharpe, Laura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909175312/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |archive-date=9 September 2010 }}</ref>

In March 2010, a modified version of the work ''[[Forgive Us Our Trespassing]]''–a kneeling boy with a spray-painted [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]]–was displayed at [[London Bridge Station]] on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground.<ref name="BBCBanksy">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8573323.stm |title=London Underground Banksy work regains its halo |work=BBC News |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=25 December 2011 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418032701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8573323.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.<ref name="BBCBanksy"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo-6751715.html
|title=Underground mystery as Banksy work regains its halo|work=London Evening Standard|date=17 March 2010|access-date=25 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529020034/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23816233-underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo.do |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>

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| quote = Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.
| source = [[Shepard Fairey]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine on Banksy's entry in the [[Time 100]] list, April 2010<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fairy |first1=Shephard |title=Time 100: Banksy |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984940_1984945,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |issue=20 May 2015 |date=29 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518011845/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1984685_1984940_1984945%2C00.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
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In April, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| title=Street Artist Banksy Marks the Mission |access-date=27 April 2010|work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100428215041/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| archive-date= 28 April 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly paid a [[Chinatown, San Francisco|San Francisco Chinatown]] building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.<ref>[http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco/ Banksy in San Francisco | San Francisco Luxury Living] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427043450/http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco |date=27 April 2010 }}. Sfluxe.com (24 April 2010). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref>
In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| title=Banksy comes to Toronto |access-date=9 May 2010|work=Torontoist| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100512044227/http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| archive-date= 12 May 2010| url-status=live| date=9 May 2010 }}</ref>

In May, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren.<ref name="Wright-2010">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |title=Banksy Leaves a Rat in Warren and a Diamond in Detroit |author=Wright, Travis R |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Metro Times blogs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119015819/http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |archive-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref> Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. The gallery claimed that they did not intend to sell the work, but planned to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery. It was later sold in 2015 for $137,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |title=Graffiti artist Banksy leaves mark on Detroit and ignites firestorm |first=Mark |last=Stryker |work=Detroit Free Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518065058/http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |archive-date=18 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Detroit mural created by Banksy sells for $137,500 | date=October 1, 2015 | url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/detroit-mural-created-by-banksy-sells-for-137500 | work=fox2detroit.com }}</ref> There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as ''Diamond Girl''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |date=12 May 2010 |work=Detroit Moxie |title=Street Artist Banksy Tags Detroit |first=Becks |last=Davis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516031000/http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |archive-date=16 May 2010 }}</ref> While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in [[Chinatown, Boston]], known as [[Follow Your Dreams (Banksy)|Follow Your Dreams]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy makes his mark across America |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=21 April 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613131637/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late January 2011, ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711102803/http://oscar.go.com/nominations/category/documentary-feature/synopsis/exit-through-the-gift-shop/687163 Banksy nominated for Oscar]. Oscar.go.com. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me."<ref>[https://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 Banksy statement to Oscar nomination] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013901/http://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 |date=1 March 2011 }}. Nme.com (27 January 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' did not win the award, which went to ''[[Inside Job (2010 film)|Inside Job]]''. In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in [[Weston-super-Mare]], UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's (''The King's Speech'' co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue.<ref>[http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html Banksy responds to Oscars] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311091129/http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html |date=11 March 2011 }}. Swns.com (9 March 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was broadcast on British public television station [[Channel 4]] on 13 August 2011 as part of a night of other shows compiled by Banksy.

Banksy was credited with the opening [[couch gag]] for the 2010 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[MoneyBart]]", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program.<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513 |title= Banksy creates new Simpsons title sequence|access-date=12 October 2010|work=BBC News | date=11 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on his website.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110126164711/http://www.banksy.co.uk/indoors/simp.html Original Storyboard] from banksy.co.uk, archived at web.archive.org</ref> According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department". Executive director [[Al Jean]] jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010" />

=== 2011–2013 ===
In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking [[petrol bomb]] contained in a '[[Tesco Value]]' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each. In December, he unveiled ''[[Cardinal Sin (Banksy)|Cardinal Sin]]'' at the [[Walker Art Gallery]], Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a pixelated effect, was a statement on the [[child abuse]] scandal in the Catholic Church.<ref name="BBCNews15Dec2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |work=BBC News |title=Banksy unveils church abuse work |date=15 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216045542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |archive-date=16 December 2011 }}</ref>

In May 2012 his ''[[Parachuting Rat]]'', painted in [[Melbourne]] in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 "Banksy rat destroyed by builders"]. ''ABC News'' (Australia) (16 May 2012). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517061252/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 |date=17 May 2012 }}. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> In July, prior to the [[2012 Olympic Games]] Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654 "London 2012: Banksy and street artists' Olympic graffiti"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654]. ''BBC News'' (24 July 2012).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |title=British Graffiti artist Banksy in Olympics controversy |work=Ahram Online |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315000629/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref>

On 18 February 2013, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the [[Slave Labour (mural)|''Slave Labour'' mural]] portraying a young child sewing [[Union Flag]] bunting (created around the time of the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]), had been removed from the side of a [[Poundland]] store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261 "Banksy mural vanishes from London, appears at US auction"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261] ''BBC News'' (18 February 2013). Retrieved 18 February 2013.</ref> On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami withdrew the work of art from the sale.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042 "Taken Banksy is withdrawn from sale"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042]. ''BBC News'' (24 February 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref>

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378 "Banksy Slave Labour mural up for auction again"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378] ''BBC News'' (11 May 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref> On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle ''Better Out Than In''.

Much criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as [[TrustoCorp]], criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |title=Art or Act? New Yorkers Give Banksy Residency Mixed Reviews |work=NPR |access-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102230024/http://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |magazine=Time |title=Making Sense of the Banksy Backlash |date=16 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926010033/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |archive-date=26 September 2015 }}</ref> In his column for ''[[The Guardian]]'', satirist [[Charlie Brooker]] wrote in 2006 that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |title=Supposing ... Subversive genius Banksy is actually rubbish |first=Charlie |last=Brooker |work=The Guardian |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=31 January 2011 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002181851/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>

==== ''Better Out Than In'' (2013) ====
{{Main|Better Out Than In}}

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of [[New York City|New York [City]]]", for which he opened a separate website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |title=Better Out Than In |author=Banksy |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018094050/http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> and granted an interview to ''[[The Village Voice]]'' via his publicist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hamilton |first=Keegan |title=An Interview With Banksy, Street Art Cult Hero, International Man of Mystery |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009092554/http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3/ |archive-date=9 October 2013 }}</ref>

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on [[Fifth Avenue]] near [[Central Park]] on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was staffed by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |title=Banksy stall sells art works for $60 in New York |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017182807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |title=Banksy: I Sold Original Artwork for $60 in NYC |work=ABC News |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017132744/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |title=Graffiti artist Banksy says he offered $60 paintings in Central Park |publisher=CNN |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151409/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |title=Two of Banksy's Central Park 'Spray Art' Canvases Sell for $214,000 at Auction |work=ANIMAL |access-date=12 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220061340/http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref>

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then-[[New York City Mayor]] [[Michael Bloomberg]], who had led a citywide [[graffiti]] cleanup operation in 2002, said he did not consider graffiti a form of art.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg says Banksy doesn't fit his definition of art |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918002747/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |url-status=live }}</ref> One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of [[Ronald McDonald]] and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in [[Queens]] but moved outside a different [[McDonald's]] around the city every day.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grant |first=Drew |url=http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |title=Banksy Unveils 'Shoeshine Boy' at McDonald's |newspaper=The New York Observer |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017021138/http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |title=Banksy attacks McDonald's in new sculpture |first=Liam |last=O'Brien |date=17 October 2013 |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018091258/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |title=Banksy gives Ronald McDonald's clown shoes a shine |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093648/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |archive-date=2 February 2017 }}</ref> Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated [[Dumbo]]; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |title=Banksy bids farewell to New York with balloons |first=Chris |last=Boyette |work=CNN |date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103215341/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |archive-date=3 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |title=Banksy's Nazi-Doctored Painting Raises $615,000 Online |first=Katya |last=Kazakina |date=1 November 2013 |work=Blomberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024010306/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> Banksy also posted a mock-up of a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[op-ed]] attacking the design of the [[One World Trade Center]] after the ''Times'' rejected his submission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |title=Banksy Bashes One World Trade Center In Rejected New York Times Op-Ed |work=HuffPost |date=28 October 2013 |first=Inae |last=Oh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104111213/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |archive-date=4 January 2014 }}</ref> The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013;<ref name=cnn/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |title=Banksy in New York pictures |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=31 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226071449/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref> many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |title=Banksy sphinx sculpture stolen in New York |first=Alice |last=Vincent |date=23 October 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226084923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref>

=== 2015–2018 ===
In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled ''Make this the year '''YOU''' discover a new destination'' about his trip to the [[Gaza Strip]]. During the visit, he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website—but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to ''[[The New York Times]]'' his publicist said,

{{blockquote|I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future—what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy's Murals Turn Up In Gaza Strip |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |work=[[NPR]] |date=26 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228151348/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |archive-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref>}}

[[File:Dismaland overview 01-02 combined.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in [[Weston-super-Mare]]]]

Banksy opened [[Dismaland]], a large-scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in [[Weston-super-Mare]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212034/http://www.dismaland.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |title=Banksy's Dismaland: fans express frustration over crashing website |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=21 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821164122/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include [[Damien Hirst]] and [[Jenny Holzer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821005854/http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> In December, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of [[Calais]], France, including the so-called "[[Calais jungle|Jungle]]" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, ''[[The Son of a Migrant from Syria]]'', depicts [[Steve Jobs]] as a migrant.<ref name=stevejobs>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |title=Banksy work in Calais 'Jungle' shows Steve Jobs as migrant |work=BBC News |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212103238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |archive-date=12 December 2015 }}</ref>

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the [[Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]]. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms faces the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|title=The Walled Off Hotel|website=walledoffhotel.com|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218150519/http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his ''Better Out Than In'' residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed ''Rat race'', was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|title=Banksy's New York rat removed in less than a week|website=Descrier|access-date=23 March 2018|date=22 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041225/https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|url-status=live}}</ref> but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist [[Zehra Doğan]] on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|title=Banksy Blitz Continues in NYC with New Murals in Brooklyn|website=Hyperallergic|access-date=23 March 2018|date=19 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041630/https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''Love Is in the Bin'' (2018) ====
In October 2018, a Banksy work, initially titled the ''[[Balloon Girl]]'', was sold for £1m at London auction house [[Sotheby's]]. The purchaser of the work was an unnamed European woman. As the [[gavel]] hit the sound-block, an alarm sounded within the picture frame and the Banksy canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Badshah |first=Nadeem |date=2021-10-14 |title=Banksy sets auction record with £18.5m sale of shredded painting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304232452/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Christian 2018">{{cite web | last=Christian | first=Natasha | title=Street artist Banksy releases video showing auction shredding prank was years in the making | website=The West Australian | date=7 October 2018 | url=https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=7 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007111611/https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |title=Banksy auction prank leaves art world in shreds |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=6 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905135526/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy artwork shreds itself after sale|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history".<ref name="Christian 2018"/> Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|title=Meet the entrepreneurs shaking up the art world|first=Coco|last=Khan|date=27 March 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183623/https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|url-status=live}}</ref> told the ''[[Evening Standard]]'': "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1m they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added a minimum of 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|title=£1m Banksy artwork shredded at auction 'now worth double'|date=6 October 2018|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007120858/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |title=Who's the mystery man who films at Banksy prank auction? |year=2018 |work=Sky News |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015939/https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |title=Banksy's 'Girl with Balloon' sale is confirmed – and it's got a new name |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519041519/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |title= Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan – video |date= 7 October 2018 |work= The Guardian |access-date= 7 October 2018 |archive-date= 15 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210115162509/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|title=Banksy explains why and how he destroyed artwork that had just been sold for £1m|work=The Independent|access-date=8 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008122540/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to [[Mikhail Bakunin]].)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|title=Mikhail Bakunin Quote|website=A-Z Quotes|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211731/https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|url-status=live}}</ref> It is not known how the shredder was activated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy posts video of shredding stunt|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time..."<ref>Banksy [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY "Shredding the Girl and Balloon – The Director's half cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024075905/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY |date=24 October 2018 }}. 17 October 2018 – via YouTube.</ref>

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]'', and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body, Pest Control Office Ltd. Sotheby's released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one", and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |title=Woman who bought shredded Banksy artwork will go through with purchase |first=Mattha |last=Busby |date=11 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052330/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|title=Banksy Authenticates and Renames His Shredded $1.4 Million Painting—Which the Buyer Plans to Keep|first=Eileen|last=Kinsella|date=11 October 2018|work=artnet|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015837/https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2021, the remains of the partially-shredded painting was reported by ''[[The Guardian]]'' to have been re-sold by Sotheby's auction house, for £18,582,000, in London.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="NPR-20211014">{{cite news |last=Pruitt-Young |first=Sharon |title=A half-shredded Banksy piece is auctioned for $25.4 million, a record for the artist |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |date=14 October 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |accessdate=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015010251/https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2018–2019 ===
[[File:Season's Greetings, Banksy (6).jpg|thumb|''Season's Greetings'', Port Talbot, Wales]]
A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in [[Port Talbot]] in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|title=Is this the work of Banksy?|date=19 December 2018|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231037/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new mural|last=Robinson|first=Matthew|date=19 December 2018|website=CNN Style|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219172704/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an [[Instagram]] video soundtracked by the festive children's song "Little Snowflake".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new painting spotted in Wales|last=Reilly|first=Nick|date=19 December 2018|website=NME|language=en-US|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219184632/https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|url-status=live}}</ref> Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and [[Plaid Cymru]] [[councillor]] for [[Aberavon]], Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|title=Banksy confirms new 'snow' artwork is his|date=19 December 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=19 December 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219162407/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|url-status=live}}</ref> A plastic screen, partially funded by [[Michael Sheen]], was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|title=Banksy anti-pollution artwork in Port Talbot targeted|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=23 December 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223175647/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|url-status=live}}</ref> Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|title=Banksy's Port Talbot snow mural attacked by 'drunk halfwit'|date=23 December 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223115646/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.<ref name="Fyfe-29May2019">{{cite news |last1=Fyfe |first1=Will |title=Port Talbot Banksy mural: Artwork arrives at new home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |access-date=11 June 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602003214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named ''Gross Domestic Product'' in [[Croydon]], South London, to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greeting card company that had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A [greeting card] company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|title=Banksy shop featuring Stormzy stab vest appears in Croydon|date=1 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002013020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear—if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|title=Banksy launches homewares shop in dispute over trademark|date=1 October 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002002239/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 October, greeting card distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|title=Banksy: Card firm rejects 'custody' claim|date=4 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007104902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 September 2020, the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rivera|first=Isabella|date=30 November 2020|title=Voided Banksy TM|url=https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|website=Center for Art Law|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505170638/https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref> The European panel judges in ''Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd'' [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|title=Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trademark (codification)|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122647/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

In October 2019, a 2009 painting by Banksy entitled "[[Devolved Parliament (Banksy)|Devolved Parliament]]", showing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] depicted as chimpanzees in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it".<ref name="record sale"/> At {{convert|13|ft}} wide, it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the [[Brexit]] debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."<ref name="record sale">{{cite news |title=Banksy MPs as chimpanzees painting sells for £9.9m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=BBC News |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003212211/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2020–2024 ===
On 13 February 2020, the [[Valentine's Banksy]] mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's [[Barton Hill, Bristol|Barton Hill]] neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|title=Say it with Banksy? Valentine's gift catapults house to street art fame|date=13 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|last2=Fisher|first2=Ben|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213230658/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early hours of [[Valentine's Day]] (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|title=Valentine's Day art in Bristol confirmed by Banksy as his work|date=14 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224221102/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was defaced just days after appearing.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |title=New Banksy Valentine's Day artwork vandalised |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=South China Morning Post |date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215190619/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy dedicated a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints]]'' or ''Game Changer'' to NHS staff, and donated it to the [[Southampton General Hospital|University Hospital of Southampton]] during the global [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]] in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banksy donates new artwork honoring health care workers to hospital|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|first=Allen|last=Kim|date=7 May 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507014624/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |title=Covid: Banksy painting raises £14.4m for NHS charities |work=BBC News |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323192639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of [[HM Prison Reading|Reading Prison]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Isobel |title=Banksy: Potential artwork appears overnight on side of Reading Prison |date=2 March 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent]] |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304181039/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former prison's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Banksy confirms escaping prisoner artwork at Reading jail |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304165224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |url-status=live }}</ref> The escaping prisoner was said to resemble [[Oscar Wilde]], who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.<ref name=bbc />

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled ''[[A Great British Spraycation]]'', appeared in several [[East Anglia]]n towns.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy-style pieces appear in Gorleston, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|work=BBC News|date=7 August 2021|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810154452/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|title = Banksy: A guide to his 'Great British Spraycation'|work = BBC News|date = 17 August 2021|access-date = 14 August 2021|archive-date = 14 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210814050602/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|url-status = live}}</ref> Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 [[BBC One]]/[[Amazon Prime Video]] comedy ''[[The Outlaws (2021 TV series)|The Outlaws]]''. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was [[Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed|painted over]] by the character Frank, played by [[Christopher Walken]], while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his [[Community service|Community Payback]] sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|title=Banksy artwork painted over by Christopher Walken in The Outlaws finale was real, BBC confirms|last=Lewis|first=Isobel|date=11 November 2021|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111233840/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Children of War, Maidan.jpg|thumb|[[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] (Independence Square), [[Kyiv]], Ukraine]]
[[File:Banksy in Irpin.jpg|thumb|A mural on the wall of a bombed building in [[Irpin]], Ukraine]]
In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of [[Borodianka]], appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |title=Banksy artwork appears on damaged building in Ukraine |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 November 2022 |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112002256/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> He also created six murals in [[Kyiv]], [[Irpin]], [[Hostomel]] and [[Horenka, Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast|Horenka]].<ref>{{Cite news|last= |first=|date=14 November 2022|title=Banksy in Ukraine: seven new works appear in war-torn sites|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114143343/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 November 2022|script-title=uk:У Бородянці, Гостомелі та Ірпені. 7 графіті Бенксі|trans-title=7 Banksy graffiti in Borodyanka, Hostomel and Irpin|script-work=uk:Вікенд|trans-work=Weekend|url=https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115094013/https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the images he produced in Borodianka was of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in a judo throw. The image has since been turned into a stamp in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-26 |title=Ukraine's Banksy stamps feature art of Putin in judo match |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226091639/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."<ref name="bbcflowerbombertm">{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|title= Banksy loses battle with greetings card firm over 'flower bomber' trademark|access-date= 15 December 2020|work= BBC News|date= 17 September 2020|archive-date= 18 November 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201118030113/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|url-status= live}}</ref>

On [[St Patricks Day]] 2024, a confirmed Banksy "mural" appeared overnight on a flank wall of a housing estate near to [[Finsbury Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy artwork appears on side of flats in north London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork is located in an area known as [[Upper Holloway]], in the London Borough of [[Islington]]. The mural is behind a stark heavily pruned tree, which dominates the foreground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Banksy: Artist confirms new London tree mural is his own work |work=BBC News |date=18 March 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork's green shades and leafy foliage used paint that matches Islington's own municipal green, which is used on their housing estate nameplates. The sprawling artwork gives the impression of lush foliage in full leaf on the wall backdrop. An adjoining life size figure is stencilled onto the wall at ground level, showing a worker using a [[pressure washer]], as if they were spontaneously spraying the artwork.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=New London mural prompts Banksy speculation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318092527/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the first to visit the Banksy, was the local MP, [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2024-03-18 |title=Banksy confirms north London tree mural is his work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318192747/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |url-status=live }}</ref> Experts have speculated that the choice of subject and the location make it difficult to remove to sell at auction, as the context of the setting is everything and the sale value would be minimal.

In August 2024, he claimed credit for a number of black silhouette compositions, that appeared in London and were part of an [[Banksy's London animal series|animal-themed series]]. Various theories exist for what they mean and represent, with the artist himself declining to comment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Liz Jackson, Adriana Elgueta|date=2024-08-08 |title=Banksy howling wolf artwork removed after reveal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrjyv2dwnvo |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Aurelia Foster, Freddy Tennyson|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20l71yyxp1o|title=Fifth Banksy in five days appears in London|work=BBC News|date=2024-08-09|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref>

=== 2025–present ===
In February 2025, it was announced that Banksy, or a representee of the artist, is to appear at a tribunal at the U.K's [[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Intellectual Property Office]]. The tribunal will be one of the few times that the secretive artist’s legal team – or those representing the artist – will speak in public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Battles On {{!}} |url=https://guyhepner.com/news/315-banksy-battles-on-i-fought-the-trademark-law/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, he revealed his latest artwork located in the streets of Marseille, France.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Adamson |first1=Thomas |last2=Eltoni |first2=Bisher |last3=Lawless |first3=Jill |date=2025-05-30 |title=In Marseille, a shadow becomes art in Banksy's latest street mural |url=https://apnews.com/article/banksy-street-artist-new-lighthouse-marseille-e25dd4c720df880ae0c462a8076a065f |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The mural depicts a lighthouse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=New Banksy mural appears in Marseille, depicting a lighthouse |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/05/30/we-love-it-marseille-discovers-new-banksy-artwork_6741840_7.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> In the early hours of September 8 2025, passers-by noticed a Banksy mural on the [[Royal Courts of Justice (Banksy mural)|Royal Courts of Justice in London]]. It depicted a protester being beaten with a gavel by a judge.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Banksy artwork shows judge beating protester amid Palestine Action protest arrests storm |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-covered-up-b1246517.html |publisher=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> The work became controversial due to its location on a prominent judicial landmark, which some media commentators said was connected to the recent arrests and prosecutions in the UK of protestors of various causes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harding |first1=Laura |title=New Banksy artwork at the Royal Courts of Justice already covered up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-london-peckham-b2822186.html |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> The artwork was covered up on the same day in the afternoon with a large metal sheet and fencing. Workmen were pictured at the mural a day later.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/sep/08/court-staff-cover-up-banksy-image-of-judge-beating-a-protester</ref> On September 10, the mural was removed from the building, but it had left a shadow of the mural and was still partly visible, but heavily faded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Banksy artwork being removed from Royal Courts of Justice wall in London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-banksy-artwork-being-removed-from-royal-courts-of-justice-wall-in-london-13428144 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

== Other artworks ==
Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:
* At [[London Zoo]], he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in {{convert|7|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} letters.<ref>{{cite news|first=William |last=Langley |date=18 March 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |title=For the Gauguin of graffiti it was all about tagging. Now he's into six-figure price tags |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=9 November 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110065926/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |archive-date=10 November 2014 }}</ref>
* At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |title=Need Talent to Exhibit in Museums? Not This Prankster |access-date=12 June 2008 |date=24 March 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Randy |last=Kennedy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211141929/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref>
* In 2004, he placed the piece ''[[Banksus Militus Ratus]]'' into London's [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Natural History Museum exhibits an unnatural specimen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=8 April 2004|access-date=7 October 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014055255/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], and [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[Manhattan]] as well as the [[Brooklyn Museum]] in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |title=A Wooster Exclusive: Banksy Hits New York's Most Famous Museums (All of them) |access-date=19 September 2006 |date=23 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909040458/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |archive-date=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In May 2005 [[Peckham Rock]], Banksy's version of a primitive [[cave painting]] depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley, was hung in gallery 49 of the [[British Museum]], London.<ref name=wired>{{cite journal |first=Jeff |last=Howe |journal=[[Wired Magazine|Wired]] |volume=13 |issue=8 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html |title=Art Attack |date=August 2005 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060902025945/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html| archive-date= 2 September 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>
* In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]], including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.<ref name="JonesIsrael" /><ref name="BBCNews5Aug2005">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |title=Art prankster sprays Israeli wall |work=BBC News |date=5 August 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425143503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |archive-date=25 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Nigel |last=Parry |url=http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |title=British Graffiti Artist, Banksy, Hacks the Wall |date=10 October 2006 |work=MIT Thresholds |access-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211151040/http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |archive-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for [[Nickelodeon]].<ref>{{cite web|author=loveforlogos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |title=Nickelodeon Next ID (2005) |via=YouTube |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703185114/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref>
* In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in [[Soho]], London. It was later removed by [[Westminster City Council|Westminster Council]].<ref name="BBCNews7Apr2007">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |title=Artist's cold call cuts off phone |work=BBC News |date=7 April 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207050232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |archive-date=7 December 2006 }}</ref>
* In June 2006, Banksy created ''[[Well Hung Lover]]'', an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central [[Bristol]]. The image sparked "a heated debate",<ref name="HSH p93">Steve Wright (2007), ''Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home'', p. 93</ref> with the [[Bristol City Council]] leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.<ref name="nakedman">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/5103306.stm |title=Artist's saucy stencil for city |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312220427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/5103306.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref> After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.<ref name="HSH p93" /> The mural was later defaced with blue paint.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/8114184.stm |title=Banksy mural defaced with paint |date=23 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |work=BBC News| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626223938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/8114184.stm| archive-date= 26 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of [[Paris Hilton]]'s debut CD, ''[[Paris (Paris Hilton album)|Paris]]'', in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by [[Danger Mouse (musician)|Danger Mouse]]. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as [[eBay]]. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm |title=Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank |work=BBC News |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060910085841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm| archive-date= 10 September 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Claire |last1=Truscott |first2=Martin |last2=Hodgson |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece |title=Banksy targets Paris Hilton |newspaper=[[The Independent on Sunday]] |date=3 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 | location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060905204207/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece| archive-date= 5 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |title=Paris Prank Confirmed |date=7 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121184105/http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |archive-date=21 November 2006 }}</ref>
* In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]] prisoner ([[Guantanamo captive's uniforms|orange jumpsuit]], black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the [[Big Thunder Mountain Railroad]] ride at the [[Disneyland]] theme park in [[Anaheim, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |title=The story Disneyland doesn't want you to know |date=8 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233859/http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm|title=Artist Banksy targets Disneyland|work=BBC News |date=11 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005170241/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of [[Blur (band)|Blur's]] 2003 album ''[[Think Tank (Blur album)|Think Tank]]''.
* In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in [[Portobello Road]] with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm|title=£208,100 eBay bid for Banksy wall|date=14 January 2008|access-date=14 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080117104716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm| archive-date= 17 January 2008 | url-status=live| work=BBC News}}</ref>
*A guard/police officer with a [[balloon animal]] was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=Banksy behind glass: Artwork gets new Toronto home |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=CTV News |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215646/https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In July 2012, in the run up to the [[London 2012]] Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a [[javelin]], evidently taking a poke at the [[surface to air missile]] sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eurosport |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |title=London could destroy Banksy's valuable Olympic graffiti |work=Yahoo! Eurosport |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109220647/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |title=London 2012: Street Artist Banksy's Olympic Graffiti Unveiled (Pictures) |work=HuffPost |date= 26 July 2012|access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727001859/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |archive-date=27 July 2012 }}</ref>
* In April 2014, he created a piece in [[Cheltenham]], near the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent [[global surveillance disclosures]] of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Morris |first1=Steven |title=Banksy confirms he is creator of the 'Spy Booth' wall art near GCHQ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |access-date=5 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005062209/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |archive-date=5 October 2015 }}</ref> This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.<ref name="abc-surveill-vanish">{{cite news|title=Banksy mural mocking government surveillance vanishes from UK wall |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |access-date=22 August 2016 |work=ABC News |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823110849/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref>
* In October 2014, Ten days before the [[2014 Clacton by-election]], Banksy painted a mural on a wall in Clacton which showed five grey pigeons holding three placards. They held the words "go back to Africa" "migrants not welcome", and "keep off our worms". They were directed towards a more colourful migratory swallow perched further along the same wire. The mural was removed by [[Tendring District|Tendring District Council]] who had received a complaint that "offensive and racist remarks" had appeared on a wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |title=Council removes Banksy artwork after complaints of racism |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=1 October 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422110701/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |url-status=live |archive-date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>
* In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its [[House system|houses]] after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |title=Banksy mural appears at primary school – with a letter from the artist himself |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608015555/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |title=Banksy paints Bridge Farm Primary Bristol wall as 'present' |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcast Corporation |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606114949/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |archive-date=6 June 2016 }}</ref>
* In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant [[Brexit]] [[mural]], painted on a house in Dover (Kent).<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker |title=Banksy claims responsibility for giant Brexit painting in Dover |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Banksy's ''Dream Boat'', originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love [[Pop-up retail|pop-up shop]] in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win ''Dream Boat''.<ref>N. Hinde (11 December 2018). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 "Buy A £2 Raffle Ticket And This Banksy Sculpture Could Be Yours"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212125714/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 |date=12 December 2018 }}. ''[[HuffPost]]''.</ref> The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.<ref>Katie Baron (22 October 2018). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ "How Choose Love Made Charity Credible Again: Pop-Up Sales Storm Towards £1.5m, Doubling 2017 Total"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702092343/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ |date=2 July 2019 }}. ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" class="center">
File:Mauer-betlehem.jpg|Near [[Bethlehem]] – 2005
File:Banksy - Grin Reaper With Tag.jpg|''The Grin Reaper''
</gallery>

=== Damaged artwork ===
{{Main|Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed}}
Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in [[Melbourne]], paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |title=Anti-graffiti crew accidentally paints over Banksy art in CBD |work=The Melbourne Leader |date=27 April 2010 |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429030922/http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |archive-date=29 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2010, the [[Melbourne City Council]] reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a [[Parachuting Rat|rat descending in a parachute]] adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

In July 2011, one of Banksy's early works, ''[[Gorilla in a Pink Mask]]'', was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre. The art piece had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in [[Eastville, Bristol|Eastville]] for over ten years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Whitewashed Banksy restoration 'could cost thousands'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547|access-date=15 July 2011|publisher=BBC|date=15 July 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720081140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547| archive-date= 20 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bates|first=Stephen|title=Banksy's Gorilla in a Pink Mask is painted over|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over|access-date=15 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 July 2011|location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716223702/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over| archive-date= 16 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Many works that make up the ''Better Out Than In'' series in New York City have been [[Defacement (vandalism)|defaced]], some just hours after the piece was unveiled.<ref name=nytimes_welcome>{{cite news|title=Banksy's New York Welcome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019061328/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Piece In Queens Defaced By Other Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224015237/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |archive-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Hater, OMAR NYC, Defaces Art In Red Hook |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=8 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013223713/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref> OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Turco |first=Bucky |title=Banksy Thoroughly Ragged |url=http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |work=Animal New York |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031237/http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |archive-date=12 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dobkin |first=Jake |title=Banksy Gets Dissed |url=http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php?#photo-1 |work=[[Gothamist]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010072201/http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php#photo-1 |archive-date=10 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref>

In the case of the 2013 vandalism of Banksy's ''Praying Boy'' in [[Park City, Utah]], United States,<ref name="Park Rec Vandalism">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 11 January 2014 |title= Banksy vandalism: video surfaces purporting to show Park City attack |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |work= [[Park Record]] |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122175200/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
the perpetrator was tried, pled guilty, and convicted of [[mischief|criminal mischief]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Whitehurst |first= Lindsay |date= 17 November 2014 |title= Man who damaged Banksy art in US gets probation |url= https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |work= [[Associated Press]] |location= New York |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122171615/https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= Nov 19, 2014 |title= Banksy vandal, apologetic, ordered to pay for damage in Park City |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230525143745/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |archive-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>
The artwork was restored to its original state by a [[Conservation and restoration of cultural property|painting conservator]], who was hired by the owners of the building where ''Praying Boy'' is located.<ref name="Park Rec Restored">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 2 April 2014 |title= Banksy piece in Park City, vandal's target, painstakingly restored |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122172230/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

== Technique ==
[[File:Banksy Girl ATM.JPG|thumb|ATM attacking a girl, [[Rosebery Avenue]], London, January 2008]]

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book ''Wall and Piece'' that, as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils for minimising time and overlapping of the colour.

In a 2003 interview, Banksy described his technique, when making a piece in a public area, as "quick" and "I want to get it done and dusted."<ref name="BBC Nanji"/>

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist [[Robert Del Naja|3D]]. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist [[Blek le Rat]]. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|title=Road sign believed to be a Banksy has vanished|date=13 August 2018|website=BBC Newsround|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201233040/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|url-status=live}}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, [[Stencil#Aerosol stencils|stencils]] are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy - Banksquiat. Boy and Dog in Stop and Search |url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/NY010323/13 |website=[[Phillips (auctioneers)|Phillips]] |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Frederick Gentis |title=Banksy's identity may be uncovered by looking at what inspired him |url=https://www.gallerease.com/en/magazine/articles/banksys-identity-may-be-uncovered-by-looking-at-what-inspired-him-53bbdb606e92__53bbdb606e92 |website=Gallerease |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Naomi DeSouza |title=Graffiti artist mistaken for Brum 'Banksy' is factory worker with 'busy family life' |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/graffiti-artist-mistaken-brum-banksy-24072547 |website=Birmingham Live |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live as it was being auctioned at [[Sotheby's]]. The piece originally consisted of a framed painting of ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''. While the bidding was in progress, a shredder was activated from within the frame, partially destroying the painting, and thus creating a new piece. The shredder had been pre-emptively built into the frame a few years prior in case the painting was put up for auction.<ref>{{cite news |last= Preuss |first= Andreas |author= |date= 7 October 2018 |title= Banksy painting 'self-destructs' moments after being sold for $1.4 million at auction |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |work= [[CNN]] |location= United States |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230522002914/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |archive-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
The new artwork, consisting of the half-shredded painting still in its frame, is titled ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date= 14 October 2021 |title= Banksy's Love is in the Bin sells for record £16m |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |work= BBC |location= London |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230930084451/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |archive-date=2023-09-30}}</ref>

In 2025, the [[BBC News|BBC]] unearthed previously unseen Banksy murals that differ in their execution from the well-known stencil style of [[graffiti]] for which the artist is commonly known. The murals, created for a youth club in the artist's home city, are examples of the early technique of the artist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mackintosh |first1=Thomas |title=New Banksy mural appears at Royal Courts of Justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgrq0r0y878o |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Art: A history |url=https://guyhepner.com/artists/32-banksy |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

== Political and social themes ==
[[File:Shop Until You Drop by Banksy.JPG|thumb|right|''Shop Until You Drop'' in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 204</ref>]]
{{Anti-consumerism |People}}
Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or [[guerrilla warfare]] that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy.<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy sees a social class component to this [[class struggle|struggle]], remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead."<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against people, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.<ref name = "HPBanksy" />

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including [[anti-war]], [[anti-consumerism]], [[anti-fascism]], [[anti-imperialism]], [[anti-authoritarianism]], [[anarchism]], [[nihilism]], and [[existentialism]]. Additionally, the components of the [[human condition]] that his works commonly critique are [[greed]], poverty, [[hypocrisy]], [[boredom]], [[Despair (emotion)|despair]], [[absurdity]], and [[Social alienation|alienation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jonathon |last=Keats |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |title=Why Banksy Deserves An Olympic Gold More Than Usain Bolt|magazine=Forbes |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207040214/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |archive-date=7 February 2013 }}</ref> Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 110</ref> While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."<ref>Banksy (2006), ''Wall and Piece'', Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 155</ref>

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work ''Show me the Monet'', Banksy explained:

{{blockquote|The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Show Me The Monet|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|access-date=23 May 2021|website=Sotheby's|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170236/https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

''Show me the Monet'' repurposes [[Claude Monet]]'s ''Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies'', with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.<ref name=":3" />

During the [[2017 United Kingdom general election]], Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy makes election print-for-vote offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |work=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604063123/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |archive-date=4 June 2017 }}</ref> According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the [[Avon and Somerset Constabulary]] announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected [[corrupt practice]] of bribery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |title= Police investigate Banksy offer for possible election fraud |date= 5 June 2017 |access-date=5 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605205118/http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 }}</ref> and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor |first1=Roisin |title=Banksy cancels General Election print giveaway after police launch investigation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622133206/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |archive-date=22 June 2017 }}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Banksy referenced medical advice to [[Isolation (health care)|self-isolate]] by creating an artwork in his bathroom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|title=Banksy follows stay-at-home orders and makes bathroom art during coronavirus crisis|date=17 April 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420195925/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Philanthropy and activism==
Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as ''[[Civilian Drone Strike (Banksy)|Civilian Drone Strike]]'', which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for [[Campaign Against Arms Trade]] and [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]]. It was part of the exhibition "Art the Arms Fair" set up in opposition to the [[DSEI]] arms fair.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |title=Banksy 'Civilian Drone Strike' piece raises £200k for anti-arms campaign groups |first=Chloe |last=Chaplin |date=17 September 2017 |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416100418/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, a sculpture titled ''Dream Boat'', which was exhibited in [[Dismaland]] in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |title=Banksy Is Raffling Off a Refugee Sculpture for Only $2.50, If You Can Correctly Guess Its Weight |first=Naomi |last=Rea |date=3 December 2018 |work=Artnet |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828031214/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, he produced artwork for the [[Greenpeace]] campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled ''The Banality of the Banality of Evil'' was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |title=Mystery surrounds collapse of Banksy sale to benefit Housing Works charity |first=Richard |last=Luscombe |date=9 November 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827182319/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled ''Mobile Lovers'' was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |title=Banksy has say over disputed Mobile Lovers artwork |date=7 May 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007192538/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |title=Banksy's Mobile Lovers: Youth club owner who sold artwork in Bristol receives death threats |first=Kashmira |last=Gander |date=27 August 2014 |work=The Independent |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013132621/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |title=Banksy to raise money for homeless charities |date=10 December 2019 |work=Irish News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619161523/https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including [[The Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |title=Palestine: Banksy art creates a new model of resistance |date=25 December 2019 |work=Gulf News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312191714/https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |title=New Banksy pro-Palestine artwork sparks spat with Israeli art collector |work=The New Arab |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926212600/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827191018/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003512/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a [[triptych]] titled ''[[Mediterranean Sea View 2017]]'', which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |title=Banksy auctions refugee paintings for £2.2m to aid Bethlehem hospital |date=28 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915073700/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy gifted a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints|Game Changer]]'' to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |title=Banksy Donates New Artwork Celebrating Health Care Workers to British Hospital |first=Tessa |last=Solomon |date=7 May 2020 |work=ARTnews |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919224849/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer"/>

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a [[Louise Michel (ship)|rescue boat]] to save refugees at risk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The former French Navy boat, renamed after [[Louise Michel]], has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |title=Banksy funds boat to rescue refugees at sea |date=28 August 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829000826/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Books ==
Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:
* ''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'' (2001). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-0-0}}.
* ''Existencilism'' (2002). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-1-7}}.
* ''Cut It Out'' (2004). {{ISBN|978-0-9544960-0-5}}.
* ''Pictures of Walls'' (2005). {{ISBN|978-0-9551946-0-3}}.
* ''Wall and Piece'' (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84413-786-2}}.
* ''You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat and if You Were Not You Would Know It (2012)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Banksy Books - A Buyer's Guide 2024 |url=https://alxandrws.com/list-of-banksy-books-a-buyers-guide/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=AlxAndrws |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'', ''Existencilism'', and ''Cut It Out'' were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction Publisher: Weapons of Mass Distraction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113239/https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction |date=24 October 2018 }}, Open Library. Retrieved 24 October 2018</ref>

''Pictures of Walls'' is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pictures of walls : around the world in eighty sprays.|date=2005|publisher=Pictures of Walls (POW)|isbn=978-0955194603|location=London|oclc=682533140}}</ref>

Banksy's ''Wall and Piece'' compiled large parts of the images and writings in his original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Wall and Piece|last=Banksy|date=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1844137862|location=London|oclc=62531942}}</ref> It was intended for mass print, and published by [[Random House]].<ref name=":0" />

The writings in his original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Banging your head against a brick wall|last=Banksy|date=2001|publisher=Weapons of Mass Disruption|isbn=978-0954170400|location=UK|oclc=51183909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Existencilism|last=Banksy|date=2002|publisher=Weapons of Mass Distraction|isbn=978-0954170417|location=UK|oclc=51183910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cut it out|last=Banksy|date=2004|publisher=Banksy|isbn=978-0954496005|location=UK|oclc=61519372|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cutitout00bank}}</ref> While the content in them was almost entirely kept in ''Wall and Piece'', the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Visual arts}}
* [[List of works by Banksy]]
* [[List of works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed]]
* [[List of urban artists]]
* [[Street installation]]
* [[Brandalism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|editor1-first=Mirko|editor1-last=Reisser|editor1-link=Mirko Reisser|editor2-first=Gerrit|editor2-last=Peters|editor3-first=Heiko|editor3-last=Zahlmann|title=Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|series=Urban Discipline: Graffiti-Art|volume=3|edition=1st|page=144|language=de|publisher=getting-up|location=Hamburg (Germany)|year=2002|isbn=978-3-00-009421-7|url={{Google books|Kv6zGfMIIP8C|Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|page=|plainurl=yes}}|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy's Bristol: home sweet home ; the unofficial guide |date=2008 |publisher=Tangent Books |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=2. reprint |location=Bristol |editor-last2=Wright |editor-first2=Steve}}
* Martin Bull, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vfnk4ROcGIEC ''Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London'']{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2006 – with new editions in 2007, 2008 and 2010), {{ISBN|978-0-9554712-4-7}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Blanché |first=Ulrich |title=Something to s(pr)ay: Der Street Artivist Banksy: eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung |date=2013 |publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-8288-2283-2 |edition=1. Auflage |location=Marburg}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ellsworth-Jones |first1=Will |title=Banksy: the man behind the wall |last2=Banksy |date=2012 |publisher=Aurum |isbn=978-1-84513-699-4 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: the Bristol legacy |date=2012 |publisher=Redcliffe |isbn=978-1-906593-96-4 |editor-last=Gough |editor-first=Paul |location=Bristol}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: you are an acceptable level of threat and if you were not, you would know about it |date=2013 |publisher=Carpet Bombing Culture |isbn=978-1-908211-08-8 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=4. |location=Darlington |editor-last2=Shove |editor-first2=Gary |editor-last3=Potter |editor-first3=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stallabrass|first= J.|title=Contemporary Art: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2020|isbn=9780192561282|location=United Kingdom}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dery|first=Mark|title=Culture Jamming: Activism and the Art of Cultural Resistance|publisher=NYU Press|year=2017|isbn=9781479879724|location=United States}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|d=Q133600|c=category:Banksy|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Prone to spam|date=February 2015}}

'''Official websites:'''
* {{Official website}}
* [https://pestcontroloffice.com Pest Control] – official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works
* {{instagram|banksy}}
* {{YouTube|h=banksyfilm}}

'''Slideshows and galleries:'''
* {{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Banksy - art of the state archive |url=https://www.artofthestate.co.uk/archive/banksy-2/banksy/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite news |title=Banksy |url=https://www.flickr.com/groups/banksy/pool/?rb=1 |access-date=2025-08-15 |work=Flickr |language=en-us}}
* {{Cite web |last=BBC |title=BBC - London - In Pictures - Banksy Gallery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/image_galleries/banksy_gallery.shtml |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}
* {{Cite news |date=2009-06-12 |title=In pictures: Banksy's Bristol show |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8096000/8096891.stm |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite web |title=Banksy Stencils on Resuable Mylar - Graffiti Stencils of Banksy Art |url=https://www.stencilrevolution.com/collections/banksy-stencils |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Stencil Revolution |language=en}}

'''News items'''
* [http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=760586 "Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural", Ma'an News Agency, April 21, 2015]{{404|date=August 2025}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Story Behind Banksy |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-behind-banksy-4310304/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}

{{Banksy|state=expanded}}
{{Culture in Bristol}}
{{Culture jamming}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Banksy| ]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century English painters]]
[[Category:English male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century English painters]]
[[Category:Culture jamming]]
[[Category:English activists]]
[[Category:English contemporary artists]]
[[Category:English film directors]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:Satirical painters]]
[[Category:Guerrilla artists]]
[[Category:British political artists]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous artists]]
[[Category:Anti-consumerists]]
[[Category:Album-cover and concert-poster artists]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2000s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2010s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2020s]]
[[Category:Unidentified British people]]

Banksy

2025-09-29T20:18:09Z

Notjamesbond: /* Identity */ updated references

{{Short description|Graffiti artist, political activist and painter}}
{{For|the payment processor|Banksys}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Banksy
| image = File:banksy-art.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Banksy art on [[Brick Lane]], [[East End of London]], 2004
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Street art]]
| training =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| works = ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''
| signature = Banksy signature-removebg-preview.png
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| patrons =
| awards =
| website = {{Ubl
| {{Official URL}}
| {{URL|pestcontroloffice.com}}
}}
}}

'''Banksy''' is a [[pseudonymous]] England-based [[street art]]ist, [[political activist]], and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Holzwarth|first1=Hans W.|title=100 Contemporary Artists A–Z |date=2009|publisher=Taschen|location=Köln|isbn=978-3-8365-1490-3|page=40|edition=Taschen's 25th anniversary special}}</ref> Active since the 1990s, his satirical [[street art]] and subversive [[epigram]]s combine [[black comedy|dark humour]] with [[graffiti]] executed in a distinctive [[Stencil graffiti|stencilling]] technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls, and bridges throughout the world.<ref>[http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ "The Banksy Paradox: 7 Sides to the World's Most Infamous Street Artist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402080538/http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ |date=2 April 2011 }}, 19 July 2007</ref> His work grew out of the [[Bristol underground scene]], which involved collaborations between artists and musicians.<ref name="tel_banksy">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html |title=Banksy: off the wall |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=24 June 2009 |last=Baker |first=Lindsay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413030104/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html | archive-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> Banksy says that he was inspired by [[Robert Del Naja|3D]], a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group [[Massive Attack]].<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103163406/http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|archive-date=3 January 2012|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref>

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. He no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall on which they were painted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|title=Banksy fans fail to bite at street art auction|work=meeja.com.au|date=30 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016145044/http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|archive-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of his work can be classified as [[temporary art]].<ref name="Expose">{{cite web |title=Banksy: Temporary by Design |url=https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |website=Expose |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120033546/https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A small number of his works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency he created called Pest Control.<ref>Abrams, Loney, [https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 How Does Banksy Make Money? (Or, A Quick Lesson in Art Market Economics)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152508/https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 |date=24 October 2018 }}, ''Artspace'', 30 March 2018</ref> Banksy directed and starred in the documentary film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'', which made its debut at the 2010 [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |title=Banksy film to debut at Sundance |work=BBC News |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=12 April 2010 |author= |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331215252/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2011, it was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|title=Banksy's Exit Through the Gift Shop up for Oscar award|date=25 January 2011|work=BBC Bristol|access-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421060515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> Banksy received the Webby Person of the Year award at the [[2014 Webby Awards]].<ref name="Webby">{{cite web|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |title=2014 Webby Awards Person of the Year |publisher=Webbyawards.com |access-date=30 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104957/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

== Identity ==
Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with [[Simon Hattenstone]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'', Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between [[Jimmy Nail]] and [[Mike Skinner (musician)|Mike Skinner]] of [[The Streets]]."<ref name="spray"/> An [[ITV News]] segment of 2003 featured a short interview with someone identified in the reporting as Banksy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2022 |title=Is this Banksy? Forgotten interview with elusive graffiti artist uncovered from ITV tape vaults |url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[ITV News]] |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054204/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults }}</ref> Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal".<ref name="spray">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|title=Something to spray|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=17 July 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 January 2018|location=UK|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130013652/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly lived in [[Easton, Bristol|Easton]], Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.<ref name="birthdate2"/><ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', Property section, London, 7 July 2018, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|title=Banksy: Map profiling backs theory that graffiti artist is Robin Gunningham|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=7 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712162947/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'' claimed in 2008 that Banksy is Robin Gunningham,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Banksy |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |encyclopedia=[[The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |via=[[The Free Dictionary]] |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812010950/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |url-status=live }}</ref> born on 28 July 1974 in [[Yate]], {{convert|12|mi}} from [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129100919/http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Lonely Planet|title=Great Britain: Southwest England |edition=10th|date=2013|page=282}}</ref><ref name="birthdate">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|last=Adams|first=Tim|title=Banksy: The graffitist goes straight|newspaper=The Observer|date=14 June 2009|location=London|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033501/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="birthdate2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|last=Hines|first=Nico|title=The Secret Life of the Real Banksy, Robin Gunningham|date=11 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|newspaper=The Daily Beast|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925115426/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at [[Bristol Cathedral School]] have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] using [[geographic profiling]] found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham.<ref name="tagging_banksy_independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|title=Banksy: Geographic profiling 'proves' artist really is Robin Gunningham, according to scientists|last1=Sherwin|first1=Adam|date=3 March 2016|work=Independent|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052043/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tagging_banksy_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Hauge|first1=Michelle V.|last2=Stevenson|first2=Mark D.|last3=Rossmo|first3=D. Kim|last4=Le Comber|first4=Steven|date=3 March 2016|title=Tagging Banksy: using geographic profiling to investigate a modern art mystery|journal=Journal of Spatial Science|volume=61|issue=1|pages=185–190|doi=10.1080/14498596.2016.1138246|bibcode=2016JSpSc..61..185H|s2cid=130859901|url=http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111539/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|url-status=live| issn = 1449-8596}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663 "Banksy 'may abandon commercial art'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303003519/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663|date=3 March 2015}}. BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art "Banksy: the artist who's driven to the wall"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826004247/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art|date=26 August 2016}}. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref> According to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring Banksy's artwork from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with Gunningham's signature.<ref name="gillespie-20180805">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|title=Signed Banksy album artworks go up for sale|last=Gillespie|first=James|date=5 August 2018|website=The Sunday Times|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502072405/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2017, DJ [[Goldie]] referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|title=Did Goldie just reveal who Banksy is?|date=23 June 2017|access-date=24 July 2018|work=BBC News|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011051716/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the [[BBC]] in 2003, which was rediscovered in November 2023, reporter [[Nigel Wrench]] asked if Banksy is called Robert Banks; Banksy responded that his forename is Robbie.<ref name="BBC Nanji">{{cite news |last=Nanji |first=Noor |date=21 November 2023 |title=Banksy: Street artist confirms first name in lost BBC interview |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121203154/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC |location=UK}}</ref>

Other alternate speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:
* [[Robert Del Naja]] (also known as 3D), a member of the [[trip hop]] band [[Massive Attack]], had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|title=Is Banksy Actually Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja?|last1=Jenkins|first1=Nash|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030133/http://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|archive-date=4 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|title=Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack?|last1=Jaworski|first1=Michael|date=2 September 2016|website=The Daily Dot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903175804/http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|archive-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
* In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former ''[[Art Attack]]'' presenter [[Neil Buchanan]] was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|title=Neil Buchanan: Former Art Attack host denies Banksy rumours|date=7 September 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907211226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in [[Pembroke Dock]], was rumoured to be Banksy. He resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Mr Banksy, I presume: the councillor who quit over claims he has a secret |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527184222/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Several artists have created work which use similar techniques to Banksy. Often these get mistaken in the press leading to mis-attribution. Examples of this can be seen in the work of artists John D'oh and Silent Bill who have re-produced similar versions to Banksy's work in the past.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Bill or Banksy’ Did a Fake Really Sell for £250k on a TV Show Auction? |url=https://inspiringcity.com/2023/07/28/bill-or-banksy-did-a-fake-really-sell-for-250k-on-a-tv-show-auction/ |website=Inspiring City |date=2023-07-28 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref> Also in the work of DNZ whose single layer stencil murals are often confused with Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals appear in Rhyl |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |website=Daily Post |date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy-style mural appears on wall near Rhyl lifeboat station |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461.amp |website=BBC News |date=2022-12-20 |access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy-style mural vanishes within hours of appearing in Rhyl |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/bansky-style-mural-vanishes-within-30804922 |website=WalesOnline |date=2025-08-01 |access-date=2025-09-29}}</ref>

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alexander |first=Ella |date=20 October 2014 |title=Banksy not arrested: Internet duped by fake report claiming artist's identity revealed |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025514/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
{{See also|List of works by Banksy}}

=== Early career (1990–2001) ===
[[File:Banksybomb.JPG|thumb|A Banksy work from the [[Bristol underground scene]]. The artwork was also produced as a series of screenprints titled Bomb Hugger in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Bombhugger Print {{!}} Meaning & History |url=https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Andipa Editions |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124129/https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=Banksy mural Bombhugger]]
Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994<ref name="WrightHome32">{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Steve |first2=Richard |last2=Jones |first3=Trevor|last3=Wyatt|title=Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home |publisher=Tangent Books |location=Bath |date=28 November 2007 |page=32 |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4}}</ref> as one of [[Bristol]]'s DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |title=N-Igma fanzine showing examples of DBZ Graffiti tagged by Banksy, Kato and Tes |date=April 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403065449/http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger [[Bristol underground scene]] with [[Nick Walker (artist)|Nick Walker]], [[Inkie]] and [[Robert Del Naja|3D]].<ref name="bbc street art show comes to Bristol">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |title=Street art show comes to Bristol |work=BBC News |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2011 |quote=Street art [...] erupted in the UK in the early 1980s [...] active on the Bristol scene at that time included Banksy, Nick Walker, Inkie and Robert del Naja, or '3D', of Massive Attack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="sky banksy art auctions">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |title=Banksy Hits Out at Street Art Auctions |publisher=[[Sky News]] |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=31 August 2011 |author=Reid, Julia |location=London |quote=Along with Banksy, Bristol's graffiti heritage includes 3D, who went on to form Massive Attack, Inkie, and one of the original stencil artists Nick Walker. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117022803/http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |archive-date=17 November 2011 }}</ref> During this time he met Bristol photographer [[Steve Lazarides]], who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent.<ref name="FT urban renewal">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |title=Urban Renewal: Steve Lazarides continues to expand his street art empire |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=4 November 2013 |author=Child, Andrew |location=London |quote=He had discovered Banksy on a chance photo shoot in Bristol in 2001 while working as picture editor of Sleaze Nation magazine, and brought him to public attention along with a roster of other urban artists... Lazarides and Banksy parted company in 2009, a mysterious split about which both parties have remained tight-lipped. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328214441/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=28 March 2014 }}</ref> By 2000 he had turned to the art of [[stencil]]ling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number<ref name="wallandpiece">{{cite book |last=Banksy |title=Wall and Piece |publisher=[[Random House]] |url=http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |access-date=19 September 2006 |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928183419/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.<ref name="wallandpiece" /> He was the [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for the [[Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls]] football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001.<ref name="bbc onyangaomara 2012">{{cite news|last=Onyanga-Omara |first=Jane |title=Banksy in goal: The story of the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |access-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=14 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916215025/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |archive-date=16 September 2012 }}</ref> Banksy's first known large wall mural was ''[[The Mild Mild West]]'' painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a [[teddy bear]] lobbing a [[Molotov cocktail]] at three [[riot police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |title=Banksy's mild mild west piece, Stokes Croft, Bristol |publisher=Bristol-street-art.co.uk |date=27 November 2008 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183319/http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |archive-date=16 April 2014 }}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]], [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]], or [[anti-establishment]]. Subjects often include rats, [[ape]]s, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Exhibitions (2002–2003) ===
On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, a tiny [[Silver Lake, Los Angeles|Silver Lake]] venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|title=Existencilism. Los Angeles, July 2002.|date=16 April 2017|website=Banksy Unofficial|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150316/https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|title=Banksy – Smiley Copper H|website=Phillips|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150839/https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|url-status=live}}</ref> The exhibition, entitled ''Existencilism'', ''"an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness"'' was curated by 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |title=Banksy Existencilism Book |work=Art of the State |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204070348/http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |archive-date=4 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, and Coleman.<ref name=":1" /> Some of the paintings exhibited included ''Smiley Copper H'' (2002), ''Leopard and Barcode'' (2002), ''Bomb Hugger'' (2002), and ''Love Is in the Air'' (2002).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|title=First time at auction for Banksy's 2002 art work, Leopard and Barcode, at Bonhams Urban art sale|website=artdaily.cc|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052958/https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bethlehem Banksy.jpg|thumb|Banksy mural in [[Bethlehem]], [[West Bank]], Palestine]]

In 2003, at an exhibition called ''[[Turf War (Banksy)|Turf War]]'', held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's [[Nigel Wrench]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy's Bristol |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |website=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> Although the [[RSPCA]] declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm |title=Animals sprayed by graffiti artist |work=BBC News |date=18 July 2003 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005173441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3077217.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref> An example of his [[Subversion (politics)|subverted]] paintings is [[Monet]]'s ''[[Water Lilies (Monet series)|Water Lily Pond]]'', adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a [[shopping trolley]] floating in its reflective waters; another is [[Edward Hopper]]'s ''[[Nighthawks (painting)|Nighthawks]]'', redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his [[Union Flag]] underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |title=Banksy Show Tonight in London |date=13 October 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111130101/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |archive-date=11 November 2006 }}</ref>

Banksy, along with [[Shepard Fairey]], Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in [[Alexandria, New South Wales|Alexandria, Sydney]], for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

=== £10 notes to ''Barely Legal'' (2004–2006) ===
[[File:Banksy Hitchhiker to Anywhere Archway 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A stencil of [[Charles Manson]] in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, [[Archway, London]]]]
In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mix|first=Elizabeth|year=2011|title=Bansky|journal=Grove Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2093940}}</ref> replacing the picture of the Queen's head with [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]'s head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at [[Notting Hill Carnival]] that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on [[eBay]]. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the ''[[NME]]'' signing tent at the [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading Festival]]. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at [[Bonhams]] auction house in London for £24,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy print donated to Bristol arts venue, The Cube |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=20 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925224121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence ([[Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981|s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981]]). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reinhard|first=Andrew|year=2016|title=ANS Acquires Authentic Banksy £10 Diana Note|url=http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=American Numismatic Society Blog|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211945/http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, s.18|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|access-date=10 May 2021|website=legislation.gov.uk|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510171607/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled ''Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling).'' In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of [[Phan Thi Kim Phuc]], a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph "[[The Terror of War]]" by [[Nick Ut]]. ''Napalm'' shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of ''Napalm''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things To Know About Banksy's Napalm|url=https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=MyArtBroker|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123230920/https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tichy|first=Anna|year=2021|title=Banksy: Artist, Prankster, or Both?|journal=New York Law School Law Review|volume=65 |pages=81–103|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Friedman|first=Jacob|title=Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling)|url=https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/|url-status=usurped|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Hexagon Gallery|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224456/https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/ |archive-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref>

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the [[Palestinian territories]], created nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli West Bank wall]].<ref name="JonesIsrael">{{cite news|first=Sam |last=Jones |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1543171,00.html |title=Spray can prankster tackles Israel's security barrier |date=5 August 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004133921/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0%2C11711%2C1543171%2C00.html |archive-date=4 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.
| source = Banksy<ref name="HPBanksy">[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html Banksy Graffiti: A Book About The Thinking Street Artist] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118130547/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html |date=18 November 2013 }} by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', 30 August 2012</ref>
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Banksy held an exhibition called ''[[Barely Legal (Banksy)|Barely Legal]]'', billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live "[[elephant in the room|elephant in a room]]", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from [[animal rights]] activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |title=Banksy's painted elephant is illegal, say officials |author=Oliver, Mark |date=18 September 2006 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230158/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy also made artwork displaying [[Queen Victoria]] as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by [[Andy Warhol]] and [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |title='Guerrilla artist' Banksy hits LA |work=BBC News |date=14 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |first=Peter |last=Bowes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312143923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref>

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for [[Keep Britain Tidy]], asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |title=Banksy biography |work=Brian Sewell Art Directory (briansewell.com) |date=4 August 2005 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215230943/http://briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere" />

=== Banksy effect (2006–2007) ===
[[File:Banksy-ps.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''[[Well Hung Lover|Naked Man]]'' image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/5346822.stm |title=UK, Magazine, Faces of the week |work=BBC News |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306192610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5346822.stm |archive-date=6 March 2009 }}</ref> in [[Park Street, Bristol]]. Following popular support, the City Council decided it will be allowed to remain. ([[:File:banksy.in.bristols.park.street.longshot.arp.jpg|wider view]])]]

After [[Christina Aguilera]] bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece|title=Aguilera invests £25,000 in Banksy |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=6 April 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 | first=Matthew | last=Beard| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060907055717/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece| archive-date= 7 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref> on 19 October 2006, a set of [[Kate Moss]] paintings sold in [[Sotheby's]] London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of [[Andy Warhol]]'s [[Marilyn Diptych|Marilyn Monroe pictures]], sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |title=Banksy works set auction record |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209131916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |archive-date=9 February 2007 }}</ref>
In December, journalist [[Max Foster]] coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |title=Your World Today (Transcript) |publisher=CNN |date=4 December 2006 |access-date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710034649/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |archive-date=10 July 2009 }} "Banksy Effect" mentioned near end.</ref>

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for ''[[Bombing Middle England]]''. Two of his other graffiti works, ''[[Girl with Balloon]]'' and ''[[Bomb Hugger]]'', sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |title=British graffiti artist joins elite in record sale |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=8 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109224649/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |archive-date=9 January 2009 }}</ref> The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: ''[[Ballerina with Action Man Parts]]'' reached £96,000; ''[[Glory (Banksy)|Glory]]'' sold for £72,000; ''[[Untitled (2004)]]'' sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html |title=Sotheby's makes a killing from Banksy's guerrilla artworks |first=Geneviève |last=Roberts |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123459/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html| archive-date= 21 February 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere">{{cite magazine|last=Collins |first=Lauren |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all |title=Banksy Was Here: The invisible man of graffiti art |magazine=The New Yorker |date=14 May 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230190402/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in [[Bristol]] decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/6351467.stm |title=Free house as part of mural sale |work=BBC News |date=12 February 2007 |access-date=12 February 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6351467.stm| archive-date= 13 February 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2007, [[Transport for London]] painted over Banksy's [[Pulp Fiction (Banksy)|image]] of a scene from [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), featuring [[Samuel L. Jackson]] and [[John Travolta]] clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6575345.stm |title=Iconic Banksy image painted over |work=BBC News |date=20 April 2007 |access-date=20 April 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070525234557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6575345.stm| archive-date= 25 May 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second ''Pulp Fiction'' work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in [[Barking, London|Barking]], east London on 12 January 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |title=Blood on the tracks |first=Esther |last=Addley |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021133537/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:
[[File:Ozone's Angel.jpg|thumb|left|''Ozone's Angel'']]
{{blockquote|The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone—rest in peace.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bull|first=Martin|title=Banksy Locations & Tours: A collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London, England|year=2011|publisher=PM Press|isbn=978-1-60486-320-8}}</ref>}}

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work ''[[Space Girl and Bird]]'' fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at [[Bonhams]] of London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425 |title=Reuters UK: Elusive artist Banksy sets record price |work=Reuters.com |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230165901/http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's [[Greatest Britons|Greatest living Briton]]. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status.
On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's ''[[The Drinker (Banksy)|The Drinker]]'' had been stolen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy Statue Stolen |url=http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |work=[[Stranger (magazine)|Stranger]] |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608161006/http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |archive-date=8 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1184233,00.html |title=But is it kidnap? |first=Simon |last=Hattenstone |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625121937/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0%2C%2C1184233%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0,,30100-1289548,00.html ''Guerilla Artist,''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026021115/http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0%2C%2C30100-1289548%2C00.html |date=26 October 2007 }} Sky News, 24 October 2007</ref>

Banksy has published a "[[manifesto]]" on his website.<ref name=manifesto>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119032828/http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-date=19 January 2005|title=Camp}}</ref> The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Mervin Willett Gonin, [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], which is exhibited in the [[Imperial War Museum]]. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free [[George Davis (armed robber)|George Davis]] from imprisonment.<ref name=manifesto /> By 12 August 2009 he was relying on [[Emo Philips]]' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness."
A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie ''[[Children of Men]]'', including a stencilled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |publisher=Contact Music |access-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222013559/http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts, etc.)",<ref>{{cite web| title= A message from Banksy's lawyer| url= http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| access-date= 28 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026144455/http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| archive-date= 26 October 2010| url-status=dead| df= dmy-all}}</ref> claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy Pans His First New York Show |work=Artinfo |publisher=[[Louise Blouin Media]] |date=7 December 2007 |url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225635/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |archive-date=16 September 2008 }}</ref>

=== 2008 ===
[[File:Banksy Swinger Building Detail.jpg|thumb|left|Banksy ''Swinger'' in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]]]
In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled ''[[Fragile Silence]]'', done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trailer a Banksy treasure|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|access-date=17 December 2015|publisher=BBC|date=6 March 2008|archive-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225065958/http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the [[Glastonbury Festival]]. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile 'art house' for sale |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |archive-date=28 July 2013 }}</ref>

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on [[Thames Water]] tower in the middle of the [[Holland Park Avenue|Holland Park roundabout]], and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this—Society!" in bright orange. [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]] spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |title=Banksy must have an Oyster card. He's gone west! |work=The London Paper |date=11 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314012848/http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |archive-date=14 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and the associated [[2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans|levee failure disaster]], Banksy produced a series of works in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |title=Banksy Paints Murals in New Orleans To Mark Hurricane Katrina Anniversary; Gallery 'Banksy Art in Big Easy' |publisher=Sky News |date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206033907/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref>

[[File:No Loitering Banksy.jpg|thumb|Work on building in the [[Lower Ninth Ward]] of New Orleans, August 2008]]

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the [[Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama|Ensley]] neighbourhood of [[Birmingham, Alabama]] on 29 August as [[Hurricane Gustav]] approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.<ref name=WoosterCollective>[http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama Banksy's Road Trip Continues: Takes On The KKK In Birmingham, Alabama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021203209/http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama |date=21 October 2013 }}, Marc Schiller, ''[[Wooster Collective]]''</ref>
His first official exhibition in New York City, ''[[The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill]]'', opened 5 October 2008. The [[Audio-Animatronics|animatronic]] pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby [[Chicken McNuggets]] as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.<ref name=NYOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |title=Where Fish Sticks Swim Free and Chicken Nuggets Self-Dip |work=The New York Times |first=Melena |last=Ryzik |date=9 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609070832/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |archive-date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>

The [[Westminster City Council]] stated in October 2008 that the work ''[[One Nation Under CCTV]]'', painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told ''The Times'' newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art."<ref name=SMHOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Banksy art is graffiti, rules town hall |date=24 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152752/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |archive-date=31 March 2013 }}</ref> The work was painted over in April 2009.
In December 2008, ''The Little Diver'', a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear [[perspex]]; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.<ref name=TheAgeDec2008>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |work=The Age |location=Australia |title=The painter painted: Melbourne loses its treasured Banksy |date=14 December 2008 |first=Janae |last=Houghton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324071147/http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |archive-date=24 March 2011 }}</ref>

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of [[Blek le Rat]], who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery. Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art,<ref name=Coan>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |location=London |work=The Independent |title=Blek le Rat: This is not a Banksy |date=19 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808032756/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> but said in an interview for the documentary ''Graffiti Wars'' that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."<ref>{{cite news|author=Wells, Jeff|date=15 August 2011|title=Guerrilla artists at war over style accusations|newspaper=[[Western Daily Press]]|page=3}}</ref>

==== The Cans Festival (2008) ====
In London, over the weekend 3–5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called ''The Cans Festival''. It was situated on [[Leake Street]], a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath [[London Waterloo station]]. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |title=Tunnel becomes Banksy art exhibit |date=2 May 2008 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617194911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |archive-date=17 June 2009 }}</ref> Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.<ref>{{cite news | title = Banksy Hosts The Cans Festival | url = http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | publisher = Cool Hunting | date = 6 May 2008 | access-date = 17 May 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184925/http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | archive-date = 11 May 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2009 ===
[[File:King Robbo.jpg|thumb|The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by [[King Robbo|Robbo]] in Camden, London, allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation]]
In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent [[Steve Lazarides]] and announced that Pest Control,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pestcontroloffice.com/faq.asp|title=What is Pest Control? |publisher=Pest Control Office |access-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131223445/http://pestcontroloffice.com/whatispco.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works.
On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]], featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy's homecoming reviewed |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=14 June 2009 |last=Cafe |first=Rebecca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum|title=Take a stuffy old institution. Remix. Add wit. It's Banksy v the museum|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=13 June 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=13 June 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615161052/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html |title=Thousands flock to Banksy show in Bristol|date=15 June 2009 |work=Bristol Evening Post |publisher=Bristol News and Media |access-date=15 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090618140338/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html| archive-date= 18 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy art show draws in 300,000 |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=31 August 2009 |access-date=31 August 2009 |first=Rebecca |last=Cafe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref>
In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 [[Blur (band)|Blur]] single "[[Crazy Beat]]" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |title=Blur Banksy is ruined by mistake |work=BBC News |date=5 September 2009 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming", with the words being submerged in water.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8425397.stm Banksy art tackles global warming] . ''BBC News''. 21 December 2009.</ref>
A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and [[King Robbo]] broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.<ref name="indy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|title=My Graffiti War with Banksy By King Robbo
|author=Fuertes-Knight, Jo
|work=Sabotage Times
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819215549/http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|archive-date=19 August 2011
|access-date=15 August 2011
}}</ref>

=== ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' and United States (2010) ===
The world premiere of the film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'' took place at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah]], on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and [[Salt Lake City]] to tie in with the screening.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_14232591 |title=Famous 'tagger' Banksy strikes in Utah |first=Sean P. |last=Means| work=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=21 January 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124082724/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14232591| archive-date= 24 January 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> In February, [[The Whitehouse (pub)|The Whitehouse]] public house in [[Liverpool]], England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.<ref name="liverpooldailypost">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |title=Liverpool Banksy rat pub building sold for £114,000 at auction |date=18 February 2010 |work=The Liverpool Daily Post |author=Sharpe, Laura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909175312/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |archive-date=9 September 2010 }}</ref>

In March 2010, a modified version of the work ''[[Forgive Us Our Trespassing]]''–a kneeling boy with a spray-painted [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]]–was displayed at [[London Bridge Station]] on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground.<ref name="BBCBanksy">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8573323.stm |title=London Underground Banksy work regains its halo |work=BBC News |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=25 December 2011 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418032701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8573323.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.<ref name="BBCBanksy"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo-6751715.html
|title=Underground mystery as Banksy work regains its halo|work=London Evening Standard|date=17 March 2010|access-date=25 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529020034/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23816233-underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo.do |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>

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| quote = Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.
| source = [[Shepard Fairey]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine on Banksy's entry in the [[Time 100]] list, April 2010<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fairy |first1=Shephard |title=Time 100: Banksy |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984940_1984945,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |issue=20 May 2015 |date=29 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518011845/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1984685_1984940_1984945%2C00.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
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In April, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| title=Street Artist Banksy Marks the Mission |access-date=27 April 2010|work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100428215041/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| archive-date= 28 April 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly paid a [[Chinatown, San Francisco|San Francisco Chinatown]] building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.<ref>[http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco/ Banksy in San Francisco | San Francisco Luxury Living] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427043450/http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco |date=27 April 2010 }}. Sfluxe.com (24 April 2010). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref>
In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| title=Banksy comes to Toronto |access-date=9 May 2010|work=Torontoist| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100512044227/http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| archive-date= 12 May 2010| url-status=live| date=9 May 2010 }}</ref>

In May, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren.<ref name="Wright-2010">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |title=Banksy Leaves a Rat in Warren and a Diamond in Detroit |author=Wright, Travis R |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Metro Times blogs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119015819/http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |archive-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref> Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. The gallery claimed that they did not intend to sell the work, but planned to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery. It was later sold in 2015 for $137,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |title=Graffiti artist Banksy leaves mark on Detroit and ignites firestorm |first=Mark |last=Stryker |work=Detroit Free Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518065058/http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |archive-date=18 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Detroit mural created by Banksy sells for $137,500 | date=October 1, 2015 | url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/detroit-mural-created-by-banksy-sells-for-137500 | work=fox2detroit.com }}</ref> There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as ''Diamond Girl''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |date=12 May 2010 |work=Detroit Moxie |title=Street Artist Banksy Tags Detroit |first=Becks |last=Davis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516031000/http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |archive-date=16 May 2010 }}</ref> While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in [[Chinatown, Boston]], known as [[Follow Your Dreams (Banksy)|Follow Your Dreams]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy makes his mark across America |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=21 April 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613131637/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late January 2011, ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711102803/http://oscar.go.com/nominations/category/documentary-feature/synopsis/exit-through-the-gift-shop/687163 Banksy nominated for Oscar]. Oscar.go.com. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me."<ref>[https://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 Banksy statement to Oscar nomination] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013901/http://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 |date=1 March 2011 }}. Nme.com (27 January 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' did not win the award, which went to ''[[Inside Job (2010 film)|Inside Job]]''. In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in [[Weston-super-Mare]], UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's (''The King's Speech'' co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue.<ref>[http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html Banksy responds to Oscars] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311091129/http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html |date=11 March 2011 }}. Swns.com (9 March 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was broadcast on British public television station [[Channel 4]] on 13 August 2011 as part of a night of other shows compiled by Banksy.

Banksy was credited with the opening [[couch gag]] for the 2010 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[MoneyBart]]", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program.<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513 |title= Banksy creates new Simpsons title sequence|access-date=12 October 2010|work=BBC News | date=11 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on his website.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110126164711/http://www.banksy.co.uk/indoors/simp.html Original Storyboard] from banksy.co.uk, archived at web.archive.org</ref> According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department". Executive director [[Al Jean]] jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010" />

=== 2011–2013 ===
In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking [[petrol bomb]] contained in a '[[Tesco Value]]' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each. In December, he unveiled ''[[Cardinal Sin (Banksy)|Cardinal Sin]]'' at the [[Walker Art Gallery]], Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a pixelated effect, was a statement on the [[child abuse]] scandal in the Catholic Church.<ref name="BBCNews15Dec2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |work=BBC News |title=Banksy unveils church abuse work |date=15 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216045542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |archive-date=16 December 2011 }}</ref>

In May 2012 his ''[[Parachuting Rat]]'', painted in [[Melbourne]] in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 "Banksy rat destroyed by builders"]. ''ABC News'' (Australia) (16 May 2012). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517061252/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 |date=17 May 2012 }}. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> In July, prior to the [[2012 Olympic Games]] Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654 "London 2012: Banksy and street artists' Olympic graffiti"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654]. ''BBC News'' (24 July 2012).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |title=British Graffiti artist Banksy in Olympics controversy |work=Ahram Online |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315000629/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref>

On 18 February 2013, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the [[Slave Labour (mural)|''Slave Labour'' mural]] portraying a young child sewing [[Union Flag]] bunting (created around the time of the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]), had been removed from the side of a [[Poundland]] store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261 "Banksy mural vanishes from London, appears at US auction"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261] ''BBC News'' (18 February 2013). Retrieved 18 February 2013.</ref> On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami withdrew the work of art from the sale.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042 "Taken Banksy is withdrawn from sale"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042]. ''BBC News'' (24 February 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref>

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378 "Banksy Slave Labour mural up for auction again"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378] ''BBC News'' (11 May 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref> On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle ''Better Out Than In''.

Much criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as [[TrustoCorp]], criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |title=Art or Act? New Yorkers Give Banksy Residency Mixed Reviews |work=NPR |access-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102230024/http://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |magazine=Time |title=Making Sense of the Banksy Backlash |date=16 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926010033/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |archive-date=26 September 2015 }}</ref> In his column for ''[[The Guardian]]'', satirist [[Charlie Brooker]] wrote in 2006 that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |title=Supposing ... Subversive genius Banksy is actually rubbish |first=Charlie |last=Brooker |work=The Guardian |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=31 January 2011 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002181851/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>

==== ''Better Out Than In'' (2013) ====
{{Main|Better Out Than In}}

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of [[New York City|New York [City]]]", for which he opened a separate website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |title=Better Out Than In |author=Banksy |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018094050/http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> and granted an interview to ''[[The Village Voice]]'' via his publicist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hamilton |first=Keegan |title=An Interview With Banksy, Street Art Cult Hero, International Man of Mystery |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009092554/http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3/ |archive-date=9 October 2013 }}</ref>

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on [[Fifth Avenue]] near [[Central Park]] on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was staffed by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |title=Banksy stall sells art works for $60 in New York |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017182807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |title=Banksy: I Sold Original Artwork for $60 in NYC |work=ABC News |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017132744/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |title=Graffiti artist Banksy says he offered $60 paintings in Central Park |publisher=CNN |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151409/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |title=Two of Banksy's Central Park 'Spray Art' Canvases Sell for $214,000 at Auction |work=ANIMAL |access-date=12 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220061340/http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref>

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then-[[New York City Mayor]] [[Michael Bloomberg]], who had led a citywide [[graffiti]] cleanup operation in 2002, said he did not consider graffiti a form of art.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg says Banksy doesn't fit his definition of art |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918002747/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |url-status=live }}</ref> One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of [[Ronald McDonald]] and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in [[Queens]] but moved outside a different [[McDonald's]] around the city every day.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grant |first=Drew |url=http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |title=Banksy Unveils 'Shoeshine Boy' at McDonald's |newspaper=The New York Observer |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017021138/http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |title=Banksy attacks McDonald's in new sculpture |first=Liam |last=O'Brien |date=17 October 2013 |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018091258/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |title=Banksy gives Ronald McDonald's clown shoes a shine |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093648/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |archive-date=2 February 2017 }}</ref> Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated [[Dumbo]]; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |title=Banksy bids farewell to New York with balloons |first=Chris |last=Boyette |work=CNN |date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103215341/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |archive-date=3 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |title=Banksy's Nazi-Doctored Painting Raises $615,000 Online |first=Katya |last=Kazakina |date=1 November 2013 |work=Blomberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024010306/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> Banksy also posted a mock-up of a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[op-ed]] attacking the design of the [[One World Trade Center]] after the ''Times'' rejected his submission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |title=Banksy Bashes One World Trade Center In Rejected New York Times Op-Ed |work=HuffPost |date=28 October 2013 |first=Inae |last=Oh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104111213/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |archive-date=4 January 2014 }}</ref> The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013;<ref name=cnn/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |title=Banksy in New York pictures |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=31 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226071449/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref> many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |title=Banksy sphinx sculpture stolen in New York |first=Alice |last=Vincent |date=23 October 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226084923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref>

=== 2015–2018 ===
In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled ''Make this the year '''YOU''' discover a new destination'' about his trip to the [[Gaza Strip]]. During the visit, he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website—but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to ''[[The New York Times]]'' his publicist said,

{{blockquote|I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future—what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy's Murals Turn Up In Gaza Strip |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |work=[[NPR]] |date=26 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228151348/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |archive-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref>}}

[[File:Dismaland overview 01-02 combined.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in [[Weston-super-Mare]]]]

Banksy opened [[Dismaland]], a large-scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in [[Weston-super-Mare]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212034/http://www.dismaland.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |title=Banksy's Dismaland: fans express frustration over crashing website |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=21 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821164122/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include [[Damien Hirst]] and [[Jenny Holzer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821005854/http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> In December, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of [[Calais]], France, including the so-called "[[Calais jungle|Jungle]]" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, ''[[The Son of a Migrant from Syria]]'', depicts [[Steve Jobs]] as a migrant.<ref name=stevejobs>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |title=Banksy work in Calais 'Jungle' shows Steve Jobs as migrant |work=BBC News |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212103238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |archive-date=12 December 2015 }}</ref>

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the [[Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]]. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms faces the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|title=The Walled Off Hotel|website=walledoffhotel.com|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218150519/http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his ''Better Out Than In'' residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed ''Rat race'', was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|title=Banksy's New York rat removed in less than a week|website=Descrier|access-date=23 March 2018|date=22 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041225/https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|url-status=live}}</ref> but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist [[Zehra Doğan]] on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|title=Banksy Blitz Continues in NYC with New Murals in Brooklyn|website=Hyperallergic|access-date=23 March 2018|date=19 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041630/https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''Love Is in the Bin'' (2018) ====
In October 2018, a Banksy work, initially titled the ''[[Balloon Girl]]'', was sold for £1m at London auction house [[Sotheby's]]. The purchaser of the work was an unnamed European woman. As the [[gavel]] hit the sound-block, an alarm sounded within the picture frame and the Banksy canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Badshah |first=Nadeem |date=2021-10-14 |title=Banksy sets auction record with £18.5m sale of shredded painting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304232452/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Christian 2018">{{cite web | last=Christian | first=Natasha | title=Street artist Banksy releases video showing auction shredding prank was years in the making | website=The West Australian | date=7 October 2018 | url=https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=7 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007111611/https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |title=Banksy auction prank leaves art world in shreds |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=6 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905135526/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy artwork shreds itself after sale|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history".<ref name="Christian 2018"/> Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|title=Meet the entrepreneurs shaking up the art world|first=Coco|last=Khan|date=27 March 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183623/https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|url-status=live}}</ref> told the ''[[Evening Standard]]'': "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1m they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added a minimum of 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|title=£1m Banksy artwork shredded at auction 'now worth double'|date=6 October 2018|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007120858/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |title=Who's the mystery man who films at Banksy prank auction? |year=2018 |work=Sky News |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015939/https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |title=Banksy's 'Girl with Balloon' sale is confirmed – and it's got a new name |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519041519/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |title= Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan – video |date= 7 October 2018 |work= The Guardian |access-date= 7 October 2018 |archive-date= 15 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210115162509/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|title=Banksy explains why and how he destroyed artwork that had just been sold for £1m|work=The Independent|access-date=8 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008122540/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to [[Mikhail Bakunin]].)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|title=Mikhail Bakunin Quote|website=A-Z Quotes|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211731/https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|url-status=live}}</ref> It is not known how the shredder was activated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy posts video of shredding stunt|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time..."<ref>Banksy [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY "Shredding the Girl and Balloon – The Director's half cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024075905/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY |date=24 October 2018 }}. 17 October 2018 – via YouTube.</ref>

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]'', and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body, Pest Control Office Ltd. Sotheby's released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one", and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |title=Woman who bought shredded Banksy artwork will go through with purchase |first=Mattha |last=Busby |date=11 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052330/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|title=Banksy Authenticates and Renames His Shredded $1.4 Million Painting—Which the Buyer Plans to Keep|first=Eileen|last=Kinsella|date=11 October 2018|work=artnet|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015837/https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2021, the remains of the partially-shredded painting was reported by ''[[The Guardian]]'' to have been re-sold by Sotheby's auction house, for £18,582,000, in London.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="NPR-20211014">{{cite news |last=Pruitt-Young |first=Sharon |title=A half-shredded Banksy piece is auctioned for $25.4 million, a record for the artist |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |date=14 October 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |accessdate=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015010251/https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2018–2019 ===
[[File:Season's Greetings, Banksy (6).jpg|thumb|''Season's Greetings'', Port Talbot, Wales]]
A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in [[Port Talbot]] in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|title=Is this the work of Banksy?|date=19 December 2018|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231037/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new mural|last=Robinson|first=Matthew|date=19 December 2018|website=CNN Style|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219172704/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an [[Instagram]] video soundtracked by the festive children's song "Little Snowflake".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new painting spotted in Wales|last=Reilly|first=Nick|date=19 December 2018|website=NME|language=en-US|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219184632/https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|url-status=live}}</ref> Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and [[Plaid Cymru]] [[councillor]] for [[Aberavon]], Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|title=Banksy confirms new 'snow' artwork is his|date=19 December 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=19 December 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219162407/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|url-status=live}}</ref> A plastic screen, partially funded by [[Michael Sheen]], was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|title=Banksy anti-pollution artwork in Port Talbot targeted|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=23 December 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223175647/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|url-status=live}}</ref> Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|title=Banksy's Port Talbot snow mural attacked by 'drunk halfwit'|date=23 December 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223115646/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.<ref name="Fyfe-29May2019">{{cite news |last1=Fyfe |first1=Will |title=Port Talbot Banksy mural: Artwork arrives at new home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |access-date=11 June 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602003214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named ''Gross Domestic Product'' in [[Croydon]], South London, to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greeting card company that had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A [greeting card] company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|title=Banksy shop featuring Stormzy stab vest appears in Croydon|date=1 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002013020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear—if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|title=Banksy launches homewares shop in dispute over trademark|date=1 October 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002002239/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 October, greeting card distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|title=Banksy: Card firm rejects 'custody' claim|date=4 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007104902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 September 2020, the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rivera|first=Isabella|date=30 November 2020|title=Voided Banksy TM|url=https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|website=Center for Art Law|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505170638/https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref> The European panel judges in ''Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd'' [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|title=Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trademark (codification)|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122647/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

In October 2019, a 2009 painting by Banksy entitled "[[Devolved Parliament (Banksy)|Devolved Parliament]]", showing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] depicted as chimpanzees in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it".<ref name="record sale"/> At {{convert|13|ft}} wide, it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the [[Brexit]] debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."<ref name="record sale">{{cite news |title=Banksy MPs as chimpanzees painting sells for £9.9m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=BBC News |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003212211/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2020–2024 ===
On 13 February 2020, the [[Valentine's Banksy]] mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's [[Barton Hill, Bristol|Barton Hill]] neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|title=Say it with Banksy? Valentine's gift catapults house to street art fame|date=13 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|last2=Fisher|first2=Ben|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213230658/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early hours of [[Valentine's Day]] (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|title=Valentine's Day art in Bristol confirmed by Banksy as his work|date=14 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224221102/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was defaced just days after appearing.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |title=New Banksy Valentine's Day artwork vandalised |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=South China Morning Post |date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215190619/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy dedicated a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints]]'' or ''Game Changer'' to NHS staff, and donated it to the [[Southampton General Hospital|University Hospital of Southampton]] during the global [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]] in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banksy donates new artwork honoring health care workers to hospital|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|first=Allen|last=Kim|date=7 May 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507014624/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |title=Covid: Banksy painting raises £14.4m for NHS charities |work=BBC News |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323192639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of [[HM Prison Reading|Reading Prison]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Isobel |title=Banksy: Potential artwork appears overnight on side of Reading Prison |date=2 March 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent]] |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304181039/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former prison's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Banksy confirms escaping prisoner artwork at Reading jail |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304165224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |url-status=live }}</ref> The escaping prisoner was said to resemble [[Oscar Wilde]], who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.<ref name=bbc />

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled ''[[A Great British Spraycation]]'', appeared in several [[East Anglia]]n towns.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy-style pieces appear in Gorleston, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|work=BBC News|date=7 August 2021|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810154452/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|title = Banksy: A guide to his 'Great British Spraycation'|work = BBC News|date = 17 August 2021|access-date = 14 August 2021|archive-date = 14 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210814050602/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|url-status = live}}</ref> Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 [[BBC One]]/[[Amazon Prime Video]] comedy ''[[The Outlaws (2021 TV series)|The Outlaws]]''. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was [[Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed|painted over]] by the character Frank, played by [[Christopher Walken]], while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his [[Community service|Community Payback]] sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|title=Banksy artwork painted over by Christopher Walken in The Outlaws finale was real, BBC confirms|last=Lewis|first=Isobel|date=11 November 2021|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111233840/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Children of War, Maidan.jpg|thumb|[[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] (Independence Square), [[Kyiv]], Ukraine]]
[[File:Banksy in Irpin.jpg|thumb|A mural on the wall of a bombed building in [[Irpin]], Ukraine]]
In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of [[Borodianka]], appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |title=Banksy artwork appears on damaged building in Ukraine |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 November 2022 |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112002256/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> He also created six murals in [[Kyiv]], [[Irpin]], [[Hostomel]] and [[Horenka, Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast|Horenka]].<ref>{{Cite news|last= |first=|date=14 November 2022|title=Banksy in Ukraine: seven new works appear in war-torn sites|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114143343/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 November 2022|script-title=uk:У Бородянці, Гостомелі та Ірпені. 7 графіті Бенксі|trans-title=7 Banksy graffiti in Borodyanka, Hostomel and Irpin|script-work=uk:Вікенд|trans-work=Weekend|url=https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115094013/https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the images he produced in Borodianka was of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in a judo throw. The image has since been turned into a stamp in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-26 |title=Ukraine's Banksy stamps feature art of Putin in judo match |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226091639/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."<ref name="bbcflowerbombertm">{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|title= Banksy loses battle with greetings card firm over 'flower bomber' trademark|access-date= 15 December 2020|work= BBC News|date= 17 September 2020|archive-date= 18 November 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201118030113/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|url-status= live}}</ref>

On [[St Patricks Day]] 2024, a confirmed Banksy "mural" appeared overnight on a flank wall of a housing estate near to [[Finsbury Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy artwork appears on side of flats in north London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork is located in an area known as [[Upper Holloway]], in the London Borough of [[Islington]]. The mural is behind a stark heavily pruned tree, which dominates the foreground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Banksy: Artist confirms new London tree mural is his own work |work=BBC News |date=18 March 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork's green shades and leafy foliage used paint that matches Islington's own municipal green, which is used on their housing estate nameplates. The sprawling artwork gives the impression of lush foliage in full leaf on the wall backdrop. An adjoining life size figure is stencilled onto the wall at ground level, showing a worker using a [[pressure washer]], as if they were spontaneously spraying the artwork.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=New London mural prompts Banksy speculation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318092527/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the first to visit the Banksy, was the local MP, [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2024-03-18 |title=Banksy confirms north London tree mural is his work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318192747/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |url-status=live }}</ref> Experts have speculated that the choice of subject and the location make it difficult to remove to sell at auction, as the context of the setting is everything and the sale value would be minimal.

In August 2024, he claimed credit for a number of black silhouette compositions, that appeared in London and were part of an [[Banksy's London animal series|animal-themed series]]. Various theories exist for what they mean and represent, with the artist himself declining to comment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Liz Jackson, Adriana Elgueta|date=2024-08-08 |title=Banksy howling wolf artwork removed after reveal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrjyv2dwnvo |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Aurelia Foster, Freddy Tennyson|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20l71yyxp1o|title=Fifth Banksy in five days appears in London|work=BBC News|date=2024-08-09|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref>

=== 2025–present ===
In February 2025, it was announced that Banksy, or a representee of the artist, is to appear at a tribunal at the U.K's [[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Intellectual Property Office]]. The tribunal will be one of the few times that the secretive artist’s legal team – or those representing the artist – will speak in public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Battles On {{!}} |url=https://guyhepner.com/news/315-banksy-battles-on-i-fought-the-trademark-law/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, he revealed his latest artwork located in the streets of Marseille, France.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Adamson |first1=Thomas |last2=Eltoni |first2=Bisher |last3=Lawless |first3=Jill |date=2025-05-30 |title=In Marseille, a shadow becomes art in Banksy's latest street mural |url=https://apnews.com/article/banksy-street-artist-new-lighthouse-marseille-e25dd4c720df880ae0c462a8076a065f |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The mural depicts a lighthouse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=New Banksy mural appears in Marseille, depicting a lighthouse |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/05/30/we-love-it-marseille-discovers-new-banksy-artwork_6741840_7.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> In the early hours of September 8 2025, passers-by noticed a Banksy mural on the [[Royal Courts of Justice (Banksy mural)|Royal Courts of Justice in London]]. It depicted a protester being beaten with a gavel by a judge.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Banksy artwork shows judge beating protester amid Palestine Action protest arrests storm |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-covered-up-b1246517.html |publisher=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> The work became controversial due to its location on a prominent judicial landmark, which some media commentators said was connected to the recent arrests and prosecutions in the UK of protestors of various causes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harding |first1=Laura |title=New Banksy artwork at the Royal Courts of Justice already covered up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-london-peckham-b2822186.html |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> The artwork was covered up on the same day in the afternoon with a large metal sheet and fencing. Workmen were pictured at the mural a day later.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/sep/08/court-staff-cover-up-banksy-image-of-judge-beating-a-protester</ref> On September 10, the mural was removed from the building, but it had left a shadow of the mural and was still partly visible, but heavily faded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Banksy artwork being removed from Royal Courts of Justice wall in London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-banksy-artwork-being-removed-from-royal-courts-of-justice-wall-in-london-13428144 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

== Other artworks ==
Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:
* At [[London Zoo]], he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in {{convert|7|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} letters.<ref>{{cite news|first=William |last=Langley |date=18 March 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |title=For the Gauguin of graffiti it was all about tagging. Now he's into six-figure price tags |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=9 November 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110065926/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |archive-date=10 November 2014 }}</ref>
* At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |title=Need Talent to Exhibit in Museums? Not This Prankster |access-date=12 June 2008 |date=24 March 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Randy |last=Kennedy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211141929/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref>
* In 2004, he placed the piece ''[[Banksus Militus Ratus]]'' into London's [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Natural History Museum exhibits an unnatural specimen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=8 April 2004|access-date=7 October 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014055255/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], and [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[Manhattan]] as well as the [[Brooklyn Museum]] in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |title=A Wooster Exclusive: Banksy Hits New York's Most Famous Museums (All of them) |access-date=19 September 2006 |date=23 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909040458/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |archive-date=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In May 2005 [[Peckham Rock]], Banksy's version of a primitive [[cave painting]] depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley, was hung in gallery 49 of the [[British Museum]], London.<ref name=wired>{{cite journal |first=Jeff |last=Howe |journal=[[Wired Magazine|Wired]] |volume=13 |issue=8 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html |title=Art Attack |date=August 2005 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060902025945/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html| archive-date= 2 September 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>
* In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]], including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.<ref name="JonesIsrael" /><ref name="BBCNews5Aug2005">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |title=Art prankster sprays Israeli wall |work=BBC News |date=5 August 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425143503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |archive-date=25 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Nigel |last=Parry |url=http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |title=British Graffiti Artist, Banksy, Hacks the Wall |date=10 October 2006 |work=MIT Thresholds |access-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211151040/http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |archive-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for [[Nickelodeon]].<ref>{{cite web|author=loveforlogos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |title=Nickelodeon Next ID (2005) |via=YouTube |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703185114/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref>
* In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in [[Soho]], London. It was later removed by [[Westminster City Council|Westminster Council]].<ref name="BBCNews7Apr2007">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |title=Artist's cold call cuts off phone |work=BBC News |date=7 April 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207050232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |archive-date=7 December 2006 }}</ref>
* In June 2006, Banksy created ''[[Well Hung Lover]]'', an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central [[Bristol]]. The image sparked "a heated debate",<ref name="HSH p93">Steve Wright (2007), ''Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home'', p. 93</ref> with the [[Bristol City Council]] leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.<ref name="nakedman">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/5103306.stm |title=Artist's saucy stencil for city |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312220427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/5103306.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref> After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.<ref name="HSH p93" /> The mural was later defaced with blue paint.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/8114184.stm |title=Banksy mural defaced with paint |date=23 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |work=BBC News| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626223938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/8114184.stm| archive-date= 26 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of [[Paris Hilton]]'s debut CD, ''[[Paris (Paris Hilton album)|Paris]]'', in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by [[Danger Mouse (musician)|Danger Mouse]]. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as [[eBay]]. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm |title=Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank |work=BBC News |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060910085841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm| archive-date= 10 September 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Claire |last1=Truscott |first2=Martin |last2=Hodgson |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece |title=Banksy targets Paris Hilton |newspaper=[[The Independent on Sunday]] |date=3 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 | location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060905204207/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece| archive-date= 5 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |title=Paris Prank Confirmed |date=7 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121184105/http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |archive-date=21 November 2006 }}</ref>
* In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]] prisoner ([[Guantanamo captive's uniforms|orange jumpsuit]], black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the [[Big Thunder Mountain Railroad]] ride at the [[Disneyland]] theme park in [[Anaheim, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |title=The story Disneyland doesn't want you to know |date=8 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233859/http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm|title=Artist Banksy targets Disneyland|work=BBC News |date=11 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005170241/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of [[Blur (band)|Blur's]] 2003 album ''[[Think Tank (Blur album)|Think Tank]]''.
* In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in [[Portobello Road]] with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm|title=£208,100 eBay bid for Banksy wall|date=14 January 2008|access-date=14 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080117104716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm| archive-date= 17 January 2008 | url-status=live| work=BBC News}}</ref>
*A guard/police officer with a [[balloon animal]] was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=Banksy behind glass: Artwork gets new Toronto home |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=CTV News |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215646/https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In July 2012, in the run up to the [[London 2012]] Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a [[javelin]], evidently taking a poke at the [[surface to air missile]] sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eurosport |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |title=London could destroy Banksy's valuable Olympic graffiti |work=Yahoo! Eurosport |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109220647/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |title=London 2012: Street Artist Banksy's Olympic Graffiti Unveiled (Pictures) |work=HuffPost |date= 26 July 2012|access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727001859/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |archive-date=27 July 2012 }}</ref>
* In April 2014, he created a piece in [[Cheltenham]], near the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent [[global surveillance disclosures]] of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Morris |first1=Steven |title=Banksy confirms he is creator of the 'Spy Booth' wall art near GCHQ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |access-date=5 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005062209/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |archive-date=5 October 2015 }}</ref> This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.<ref name="abc-surveill-vanish">{{cite news|title=Banksy mural mocking government surveillance vanishes from UK wall |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |access-date=22 August 2016 |work=ABC News |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823110849/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref>
* In October 2014, Ten days before the [[2014 Clacton by-election]], Banksy painted a mural on a wall in Clacton which showed five grey pigeons holding three placards. They held the words "go back to Africa" "migrants not welcome", and "keep off our worms". They were directed towards a more colourful migratory swallow perched further along the same wire. The mural was removed by [[Tendring District|Tendring District Council]] who had received a complaint that "offensive and racist remarks" had appeared on a wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |title=Council removes Banksy artwork after complaints of racism |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=1 October 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422110701/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |url-status=live |archive-date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>
* In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its [[House system|houses]] after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |title=Banksy mural appears at primary school – with a letter from the artist himself |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608015555/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |title=Banksy paints Bridge Farm Primary Bristol wall as 'present' |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcast Corporation |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606114949/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |archive-date=6 June 2016 }}</ref>
* In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant [[Brexit]] [[mural]], painted on a house in Dover (Kent).<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker |title=Banksy claims responsibility for giant Brexit painting in Dover |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Banksy's ''Dream Boat'', originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love [[Pop-up retail|pop-up shop]] in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win ''Dream Boat''.<ref>N. Hinde (11 December 2018). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 "Buy A £2 Raffle Ticket And This Banksy Sculpture Could Be Yours"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212125714/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 |date=12 December 2018 }}. ''[[HuffPost]]''.</ref> The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.<ref>Katie Baron (22 October 2018). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ "How Choose Love Made Charity Credible Again: Pop-Up Sales Storm Towards £1.5m, Doubling 2017 Total"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702092343/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ |date=2 July 2019 }}. ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" class="center">
File:Mauer-betlehem.jpg|Near [[Bethlehem]] – 2005
File:Banksy - Grin Reaper With Tag.jpg|''The Grin Reaper''
</gallery>

=== Damaged artwork ===
{{Main|Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed}}
Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in [[Melbourne]], paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |title=Anti-graffiti crew accidentally paints over Banksy art in CBD |work=The Melbourne Leader |date=27 April 2010 |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429030922/http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |archive-date=29 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2010, the [[Melbourne City Council]] reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a [[Parachuting Rat|rat descending in a parachute]] adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

In July 2011, one of Banksy's early works, ''[[Gorilla in a Pink Mask]]'', was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre. The art piece had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in [[Eastville, Bristol|Eastville]] for over ten years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Whitewashed Banksy restoration 'could cost thousands'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547|access-date=15 July 2011|publisher=BBC|date=15 July 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720081140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547| archive-date= 20 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bates|first=Stephen|title=Banksy's Gorilla in a Pink Mask is painted over|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over|access-date=15 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 July 2011|location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716223702/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over| archive-date= 16 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Many works that make up the ''Better Out Than In'' series in New York City have been [[Defacement (vandalism)|defaced]], some just hours after the piece was unveiled.<ref name=nytimes_welcome>{{cite news|title=Banksy's New York Welcome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019061328/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Piece In Queens Defaced By Other Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224015237/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |archive-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Hater, OMAR NYC, Defaces Art In Red Hook |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=8 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013223713/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref> OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Turco |first=Bucky |title=Banksy Thoroughly Ragged |url=http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |work=Animal New York |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031237/http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |archive-date=12 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dobkin |first=Jake |title=Banksy Gets Dissed |url=http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php?#photo-1 |work=[[Gothamist]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010072201/http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php#photo-1 |archive-date=10 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref>

In the case of the 2013 vandalism of Banksy's ''Praying Boy'' in [[Park City, Utah]], United States,<ref name="Park Rec Vandalism">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 11 January 2014 |title= Banksy vandalism: video surfaces purporting to show Park City attack |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |work= [[Park Record]] |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122175200/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
the perpetrator was tried, pled guilty, and convicted of [[mischief|criminal mischief]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Whitehurst |first= Lindsay |date= 17 November 2014 |title= Man who damaged Banksy art in US gets probation |url= https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |work= [[Associated Press]] |location= New York |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122171615/https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= Nov 19, 2014 |title= Banksy vandal, apologetic, ordered to pay for damage in Park City |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230525143745/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |archive-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>
The artwork was restored to its original state by a [[Conservation and restoration of cultural property|painting conservator]], who was hired by the owners of the building where ''Praying Boy'' is located.<ref name="Park Rec Restored">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 2 April 2014 |title= Banksy piece in Park City, vandal's target, painstakingly restored |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122172230/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

== Technique ==
[[File:Banksy Girl ATM.JPG|thumb|ATM attacking a girl, [[Rosebery Avenue]], London, January 2008]]

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book ''Wall and Piece'' that, as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils for minimising time and overlapping of the colour.

In a 2003 interview, Banksy described his technique, when making a piece in a public area, as "quick" and "I want to get it done and dusted."<ref name="BBC Nanji"/>

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist [[Robert Del Naja|3D]]. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist [[Blek le Rat]]. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|title=Road sign believed to be a Banksy has vanished|date=13 August 2018|website=BBC Newsround|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201233040/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|url-status=live}}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, [[Stencil#Aerosol stencils|stencils]] are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy - Banksquiat. Boy and Dog in Stop and Search |url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/NY010323/13 |website=[[Phillips (auctioneers)|Phillips]] |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Frederick Gentis |title=Banksy's identity may be uncovered by looking at what inspired him |url=https://www.gallerease.com/en/magazine/articles/banksys-identity-may-be-uncovered-by-looking-at-what-inspired-him-53bbdb606e92__53bbdb606e92 |website=Gallerease |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Naomi DeSouza |title=Graffiti artist mistaken for Brum 'Banksy' is factory worker with 'busy family life' |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/graffiti-artist-mistaken-brum-banksy-24072547 |website=Birmingham Live |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live as it was being auctioned at [[Sotheby's]]. The piece originally consisted of a framed painting of ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''. While the bidding was in progress, a shredder was activated from within the frame, partially destroying the painting, and thus creating a new piece. The shredder had been pre-emptively built into the frame a few years prior in case the painting was put up for auction.<ref>{{cite news |last= Preuss |first= Andreas |author= |date= 7 October 2018 |title= Banksy painting 'self-destructs' moments after being sold for $1.4 million at auction |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |work= [[CNN]] |location= United States |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230522002914/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |archive-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
The new artwork, consisting of the half-shredded painting still in its frame, is titled ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date= 14 October 2021 |title= Banksy's Love is in the Bin sells for record £16m |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |work= BBC |location= London |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230930084451/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |archive-date=2023-09-30}}</ref>

In 2025, the [[BBC News|BBC]] unearthed previously unseen Banksy murals that differ in their execution from the well-known stencil style of [[graffiti]] for which the artist is commonly known. The murals, created for a youth club in the artist's home city, are examples of the early technique of the artist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mackintosh |first1=Thomas |title=New Banksy mural appears at Royal Courts of Justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgrq0r0y878o |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Art: A history |url=https://guyhepner.com/artists/32-banksy |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

== Political and social themes ==
[[File:Shop Until You Drop by Banksy.JPG|thumb|right|''Shop Until You Drop'' in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 204</ref>]]
{{Anti-consumerism |People}}
Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or [[guerrilla warfare]] that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy.<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy sees a social class component to this [[class struggle|struggle]], remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead."<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against people, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.<ref name = "HPBanksy" />

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including [[anti-war]], [[anti-consumerism]], [[anti-fascism]], [[anti-imperialism]], [[anti-authoritarianism]], [[anarchism]], [[nihilism]], and [[existentialism]]. Additionally, the components of the [[human condition]] that his works commonly critique are [[greed]], poverty, [[hypocrisy]], [[boredom]], [[Despair (emotion)|despair]], [[absurdity]], and [[Social alienation|alienation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jonathon |last=Keats |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |title=Why Banksy Deserves An Olympic Gold More Than Usain Bolt|magazine=Forbes |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207040214/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |archive-date=7 February 2013 }}</ref> Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 110</ref> While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."<ref>Banksy (2006), ''Wall and Piece'', Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 155</ref>

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work ''Show me the Monet'', Banksy explained:

{{blockquote|The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Show Me The Monet|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|access-date=23 May 2021|website=Sotheby's|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170236/https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

''Show me the Monet'' repurposes [[Claude Monet]]'s ''Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies'', with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.<ref name=":3" />

During the [[2017 United Kingdom general election]], Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy makes election print-for-vote offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |work=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604063123/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |archive-date=4 June 2017 }}</ref> According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the [[Avon and Somerset Constabulary]] announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected [[corrupt practice]] of bribery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |title= Police investigate Banksy offer for possible election fraud |date= 5 June 2017 |access-date=5 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605205118/http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 }}</ref> and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor |first1=Roisin |title=Banksy cancels General Election print giveaway after police launch investigation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622133206/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |archive-date=22 June 2017 }}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Banksy referenced medical advice to [[Isolation (health care)|self-isolate]] by creating an artwork in his bathroom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|title=Banksy follows stay-at-home orders and makes bathroom art during coronavirus crisis|date=17 April 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420195925/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Philanthropy and activism==
Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as ''[[Civilian Drone Strike (Banksy)|Civilian Drone Strike]]'', which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for [[Campaign Against Arms Trade]] and [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]]. It was part of the exhibition "Art the Arms Fair" set up in opposition to the [[DSEI]] arms fair.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |title=Banksy 'Civilian Drone Strike' piece raises £200k for anti-arms campaign groups |first=Chloe |last=Chaplin |date=17 September 2017 |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416100418/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, a sculpture titled ''Dream Boat'', which was exhibited in [[Dismaland]] in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |title=Banksy Is Raffling Off a Refugee Sculpture for Only $2.50, If You Can Correctly Guess Its Weight |first=Naomi |last=Rea |date=3 December 2018 |work=Artnet |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828031214/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, he produced artwork for the [[Greenpeace]] campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled ''The Banality of the Banality of Evil'' was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |title=Mystery surrounds collapse of Banksy sale to benefit Housing Works charity |first=Richard |last=Luscombe |date=9 November 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827182319/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled ''Mobile Lovers'' was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |title=Banksy has say over disputed Mobile Lovers artwork |date=7 May 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007192538/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |title=Banksy's Mobile Lovers: Youth club owner who sold artwork in Bristol receives death threats |first=Kashmira |last=Gander |date=27 August 2014 |work=The Independent |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013132621/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |title=Banksy to raise money for homeless charities |date=10 December 2019 |work=Irish News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619161523/https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including [[The Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |title=Palestine: Banksy art creates a new model of resistance |date=25 December 2019 |work=Gulf News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312191714/https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |title=New Banksy pro-Palestine artwork sparks spat with Israeli art collector |work=The New Arab |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926212600/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827191018/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003512/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a [[triptych]] titled ''[[Mediterranean Sea View 2017]]'', which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |title=Banksy auctions refugee paintings for £2.2m to aid Bethlehem hospital |date=28 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915073700/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy gifted a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints|Game Changer]]'' to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |title=Banksy Donates New Artwork Celebrating Health Care Workers to British Hospital |first=Tessa |last=Solomon |date=7 May 2020 |work=ARTnews |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919224849/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer"/>

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a [[Louise Michel (ship)|rescue boat]] to save refugees at risk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The former French Navy boat, renamed after [[Louise Michel]], has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |title=Banksy funds boat to rescue refugees at sea |date=28 August 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829000826/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Books ==
Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:
* ''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'' (2001). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-0-0}}.
* ''Existencilism'' (2002). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-1-7}}.
* ''Cut It Out'' (2004). {{ISBN|978-0-9544960-0-5}}.
* ''Pictures of Walls'' (2005). {{ISBN|978-0-9551946-0-3}}.
* ''Wall and Piece'' (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84413-786-2}}.
* ''You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat and if You Were Not You Would Know It (2012)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Banksy Books - A Buyer's Guide 2024 |url=https://alxandrws.com/list-of-banksy-books-a-buyers-guide/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=AlxAndrws |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'', ''Existencilism'', and ''Cut It Out'' were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction Publisher: Weapons of Mass Distraction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113239/https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction |date=24 October 2018 }}, Open Library. Retrieved 24 October 2018</ref>

''Pictures of Walls'' is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pictures of walls : around the world in eighty sprays.|date=2005|publisher=Pictures of Walls (POW)|isbn=978-0955194603|location=London|oclc=682533140}}</ref>

Banksy's ''Wall and Piece'' compiled large parts of the images and writings in his original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Wall and Piece|last=Banksy|date=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1844137862|location=London|oclc=62531942}}</ref> It was intended for mass print, and published by [[Random House]].<ref name=":0" />

The writings in his original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Banging your head against a brick wall|last=Banksy|date=2001|publisher=Weapons of Mass Disruption|isbn=978-0954170400|location=UK|oclc=51183909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Existencilism|last=Banksy|date=2002|publisher=Weapons of Mass Distraction|isbn=978-0954170417|location=UK|oclc=51183910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cut it out|last=Banksy|date=2004|publisher=Banksy|isbn=978-0954496005|location=UK|oclc=61519372|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cutitout00bank}}</ref> While the content in them was almost entirely kept in ''Wall and Piece'', the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Visual arts}}
* [[List of works by Banksy]]
* [[List of works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed]]
* [[List of urban artists]]
* [[Street installation]]
* [[Brandalism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|editor1-first=Mirko|editor1-last=Reisser|editor1-link=Mirko Reisser|editor2-first=Gerrit|editor2-last=Peters|editor3-first=Heiko|editor3-last=Zahlmann|title=Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|series=Urban Discipline: Graffiti-Art|volume=3|edition=1st|page=144|language=de|publisher=getting-up|location=Hamburg (Germany)|year=2002|isbn=978-3-00-009421-7|url={{Google books|Kv6zGfMIIP8C|Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|page=|plainurl=yes}}|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy's Bristol: home sweet home ; the unofficial guide |date=2008 |publisher=Tangent Books |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=2. reprint |location=Bristol |editor-last2=Wright |editor-first2=Steve}}
* Martin Bull, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vfnk4ROcGIEC ''Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London'']{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2006 – with new editions in 2007, 2008 and 2010), {{ISBN|978-0-9554712-4-7}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Blanché |first=Ulrich |title=Something to s(pr)ay: Der Street Artivist Banksy: eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung |date=2013 |publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-8288-2283-2 |edition=1. Auflage |location=Marburg}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ellsworth-Jones |first1=Will |title=Banksy: the man behind the wall |last2=Banksy |date=2012 |publisher=Aurum |isbn=978-1-84513-699-4 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: the Bristol legacy |date=2012 |publisher=Redcliffe |isbn=978-1-906593-96-4 |editor-last=Gough |editor-first=Paul |location=Bristol}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: you are an acceptable level of threat and if you were not, you would know about it |date=2013 |publisher=Carpet Bombing Culture |isbn=978-1-908211-08-8 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=4. |location=Darlington |editor-last2=Shove |editor-first2=Gary |editor-last3=Potter |editor-first3=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stallabrass|first= J.|title=Contemporary Art: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2020|isbn=9780192561282|location=United Kingdom}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dery|first=Mark|title=Culture Jamming: Activism and the Art of Cultural Resistance|publisher=NYU Press|year=2017|isbn=9781479879724|location=United States}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|d=Q133600|c=category:Banksy|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Prone to spam|date=February 2015}}

'''Official websites:'''
* {{Official website}}
* [https://pestcontroloffice.com Pest Control] – official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works
* {{instagram|banksy}}
* {{YouTube|h=banksyfilm}}

'''Slideshows and galleries:'''
* {{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Banksy - art of the state archive |url=https://www.artofthestate.co.uk/archive/banksy-2/banksy/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite news |title=Banksy |url=https://www.flickr.com/groups/banksy/pool/?rb=1 |access-date=2025-08-15 |work=Flickr |language=en-us}}
* {{Cite web |last=BBC |title=BBC - London - In Pictures - Banksy Gallery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/image_galleries/banksy_gallery.shtml |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}
* {{Cite news |date=2009-06-12 |title=In pictures: Banksy's Bristol show |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8096000/8096891.stm |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite web |title=Banksy Stencils on Resuable Mylar - Graffiti Stencils of Banksy Art |url=https://www.stencilrevolution.com/collections/banksy-stencils |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Stencil Revolution |language=en}}

'''News items'''
* [http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=760586 "Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural", Ma'an News Agency, April 21, 2015]{{404|date=August 2025}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Story Behind Banksy |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-behind-banksy-4310304/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}

{{Banksy|state=expanded}}
{{Culture in Bristol}}
{{Culture jamming}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Banksy| ]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century English painters]]
[[Category:English male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century English painters]]
[[Category:Culture jamming]]
[[Category:English activists]]
[[Category:English contemporary artists]]
[[Category:English film directors]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:Satirical painters]]
[[Category:Guerrilla artists]]
[[Category:British political artists]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous artists]]
[[Category:Anti-consumerists]]
[[Category:Album-cover and concert-poster artists]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2000s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2010s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2020s]]
[[Category:Unidentified British people]]

Banksy

2025-09-29T20:11:11Z

Notjamesbond: /* Identity */ added line for artists whose work is often mistaken for Banksy's due to their similar style

{{Short description|Graffiti artist, political activist and painter}}
{{For|the payment processor|Banksys}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Banksy
| image = File:banksy-art.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Banksy art on [[Brick Lane]], [[East End of London]], 2004
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Street art]]
| training =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| works = ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''
| signature = Banksy signature-removebg-preview.png
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| patrons =
| awards =
| website = {{Ubl
| {{Official URL}}
| {{URL|pestcontroloffice.com}}
}}
}}

'''Banksy''' is a [[pseudonymous]] England-based [[street art]]ist, [[political activist]], and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Holzwarth|first1=Hans W.|title=100 Contemporary Artists A–Z |date=2009|publisher=Taschen|location=Köln|isbn=978-3-8365-1490-3|page=40|edition=Taschen's 25th anniversary special}}</ref> Active since the 1990s, his satirical [[street art]] and subversive [[epigram]]s combine [[black comedy|dark humour]] with [[graffiti]] executed in a distinctive [[Stencil graffiti|stencilling]] technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls, and bridges throughout the world.<ref>[http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ "The Banksy Paradox: 7 Sides to the World's Most Infamous Street Artist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402080538/http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ |date=2 April 2011 }}, 19 July 2007</ref> His work grew out of the [[Bristol underground scene]], which involved collaborations between artists and musicians.<ref name="tel_banksy">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html |title=Banksy: off the wall |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=24 June 2009 |last=Baker |first=Lindsay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413030104/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html | archive-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> Banksy says that he was inspired by [[Robert Del Naja|3D]], a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group [[Massive Attack]].<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103163406/http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|archive-date=3 January 2012|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref>

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. He no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall on which they were painted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|title=Banksy fans fail to bite at street art auction|work=meeja.com.au|date=30 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016145044/http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|archive-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of his work can be classified as [[temporary art]].<ref name="Expose">{{cite web |title=Banksy: Temporary by Design |url=https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |website=Expose |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120033546/https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A small number of his works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency he created called Pest Control.<ref>Abrams, Loney, [https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 How Does Banksy Make Money? (Or, A Quick Lesson in Art Market Economics)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152508/https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 |date=24 October 2018 }}, ''Artspace'', 30 March 2018</ref> Banksy directed and starred in the documentary film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'', which made its debut at the 2010 [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |title=Banksy film to debut at Sundance |work=BBC News |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=12 April 2010 |author= |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331215252/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2011, it was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|title=Banksy's Exit Through the Gift Shop up for Oscar award|date=25 January 2011|work=BBC Bristol|access-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421060515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> Banksy received the Webby Person of the Year award at the [[2014 Webby Awards]].<ref name="Webby">{{cite web|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |title=2014 Webby Awards Person of the Year |publisher=Webbyawards.com |access-date=30 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104957/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

== Identity ==
Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with [[Simon Hattenstone]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'', Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between [[Jimmy Nail]] and [[Mike Skinner (musician)|Mike Skinner]] of [[The Streets]]."<ref name="spray"/> An [[ITV News]] segment of 2003 featured a short interview with someone identified in the reporting as Banksy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2022 |title=Is this Banksy? Forgotten interview with elusive graffiti artist uncovered from ITV tape vaults |url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[ITV News]] |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054204/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults }}</ref> Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal".<ref name="spray">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|title=Something to spray|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=17 July 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 January 2018|location=UK|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130013652/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly lived in [[Easton, Bristol|Easton]], Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.<ref name="birthdate2"/><ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', Property section, London, 7 July 2018, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|title=Banksy: Map profiling backs theory that graffiti artist is Robin Gunningham|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=7 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712162947/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'' claimed in 2008 that Banksy is Robin Gunningham,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Banksy |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |encyclopedia=[[The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |via=[[The Free Dictionary]] |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812010950/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |url-status=live }}</ref> born on 28 July 1974 in [[Yate]], {{convert|12|mi}} from [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129100919/http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Lonely Planet|title=Great Britain: Southwest England |edition=10th|date=2013|page=282}}</ref><ref name="birthdate">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|last=Adams|first=Tim|title=Banksy: The graffitist goes straight|newspaper=The Observer|date=14 June 2009|location=London|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033501/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="birthdate2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|last=Hines|first=Nico|title=The Secret Life of the Real Banksy, Robin Gunningham|date=11 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|newspaper=The Daily Beast|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925115426/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at [[Bristol Cathedral School]] have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] using [[geographic profiling]] found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham.<ref name="tagging_banksy_independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|title=Banksy: Geographic profiling 'proves' artist really is Robin Gunningham, according to scientists|last1=Sherwin|first1=Adam|date=3 March 2016|work=Independent|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052043/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tagging_banksy_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Hauge|first1=Michelle V.|last2=Stevenson|first2=Mark D.|last3=Rossmo|first3=D. Kim|last4=Le Comber|first4=Steven|date=3 March 2016|title=Tagging Banksy: using geographic profiling to investigate a modern art mystery|journal=Journal of Spatial Science|volume=61|issue=1|pages=185–190|doi=10.1080/14498596.2016.1138246|bibcode=2016JSpSc..61..185H|s2cid=130859901|url=http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111539/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|url-status=live| issn = 1449-8596}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663 "Banksy 'may abandon commercial art'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303003519/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663|date=3 March 2015}}. BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art "Banksy: the artist who's driven to the wall"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826004247/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art|date=26 August 2016}}. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref> According to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring Banksy's artwork from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with Gunningham's signature.<ref name="gillespie-20180805">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|title=Signed Banksy album artworks go up for sale|last=Gillespie|first=James|date=5 August 2018|website=The Sunday Times|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502072405/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2017, DJ [[Goldie]] referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|title=Did Goldie just reveal who Banksy is?|date=23 June 2017|access-date=24 July 2018|work=BBC News|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011051716/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the [[BBC]] in 2003, which was rediscovered in November 2023, reporter [[Nigel Wrench]] asked if Banksy is called Robert Banks; Banksy responded that his forename is Robbie.<ref name="BBC Nanji">{{cite news |last=Nanji |first=Noor |date=21 November 2023 |title=Banksy: Street artist confirms first name in lost BBC interview |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121203154/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC |location=UK}}</ref>

Other alternate speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:
* [[Robert Del Naja]] (also known as 3D), a member of the [[trip hop]] band [[Massive Attack]], had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|title=Is Banksy Actually Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja?|last1=Jenkins|first1=Nash|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030133/http://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|archive-date=4 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|title=Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack?|last1=Jaworski|first1=Michael|date=2 September 2016|website=The Daily Dot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903175804/http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|archive-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
* In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former ''[[Art Attack]]'' presenter [[Neil Buchanan]] was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|title=Neil Buchanan: Former Art Attack host denies Banksy rumours|date=7 September 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907211226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in [[Pembroke Dock]], was rumoured to be Banksy. He resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Mr Banksy, I presume: the councillor who quit over claims he has a secret |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527184222/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Several artists have created work which use similar techniques to Banksy. Often these get mistaken in the press leading to mis-attribution. Examples of this can be seen in the work of artists John D'oh and Silent Bill who have re-produced similar versions to Banksy's work in the past.<ref>https://inspiringcity.com/2023/07/28/bill-or-banksy-did-a-fake-really-sell-for-250k-on-a-tv-show-auction/</ref> Also in the work of DNZ whose single layer stencil murals are often confused with Banksy.<ref>https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-68543943.amp</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-64152461.amp</ref>

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alexander |first=Ella |date=20 October 2014 |title=Banksy not arrested: Internet duped by fake report claiming artist's identity revealed |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025514/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
{{See also|List of works by Banksy}}

=== Early career (1990–2001) ===
[[File:Banksybomb.JPG|thumb|A Banksy work from the [[Bristol underground scene]]. The artwork was also produced as a series of screenprints titled Bomb Hugger in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Bombhugger Print {{!}} Meaning & History |url=https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Andipa Editions |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124129/https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=Banksy mural Bombhugger]]
Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994<ref name="WrightHome32">{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Steve |first2=Richard |last2=Jones |first3=Trevor|last3=Wyatt|title=Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home |publisher=Tangent Books |location=Bath |date=28 November 2007 |page=32 |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4}}</ref> as one of [[Bristol]]'s DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |title=N-Igma fanzine showing examples of DBZ Graffiti tagged by Banksy, Kato and Tes |date=April 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403065449/http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger [[Bristol underground scene]] with [[Nick Walker (artist)|Nick Walker]], [[Inkie]] and [[Robert Del Naja|3D]].<ref name="bbc street art show comes to Bristol">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |title=Street art show comes to Bristol |work=BBC News |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2011 |quote=Street art [...] erupted in the UK in the early 1980s [...] active on the Bristol scene at that time included Banksy, Nick Walker, Inkie and Robert del Naja, or '3D', of Massive Attack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="sky banksy art auctions">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |title=Banksy Hits Out at Street Art Auctions |publisher=[[Sky News]] |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=31 August 2011 |author=Reid, Julia |location=London |quote=Along with Banksy, Bristol's graffiti heritage includes 3D, who went on to form Massive Attack, Inkie, and one of the original stencil artists Nick Walker. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117022803/http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |archive-date=17 November 2011 }}</ref> During this time he met Bristol photographer [[Steve Lazarides]], who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent.<ref name="FT urban renewal">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |title=Urban Renewal: Steve Lazarides continues to expand his street art empire |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=4 November 2013 |author=Child, Andrew |location=London |quote=He had discovered Banksy on a chance photo shoot in Bristol in 2001 while working as picture editor of Sleaze Nation magazine, and brought him to public attention along with a roster of other urban artists... Lazarides and Banksy parted company in 2009, a mysterious split about which both parties have remained tight-lipped. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328214441/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=28 March 2014 }}</ref> By 2000 he had turned to the art of [[stencil]]ling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number<ref name="wallandpiece">{{cite book |last=Banksy |title=Wall and Piece |publisher=[[Random House]] |url=http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |access-date=19 September 2006 |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928183419/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.<ref name="wallandpiece" /> He was the [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for the [[Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls]] football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001.<ref name="bbc onyangaomara 2012">{{cite news|last=Onyanga-Omara |first=Jane |title=Banksy in goal: The story of the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |access-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=14 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916215025/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |archive-date=16 September 2012 }}</ref> Banksy's first known large wall mural was ''[[The Mild Mild West]]'' painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a [[teddy bear]] lobbing a [[Molotov cocktail]] at three [[riot police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |title=Banksy's mild mild west piece, Stokes Croft, Bristol |publisher=Bristol-street-art.co.uk |date=27 November 2008 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183319/http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |archive-date=16 April 2014 }}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]], [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]], or [[anti-establishment]]. Subjects often include rats, [[ape]]s, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Exhibitions (2002–2003) ===
On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, a tiny [[Silver Lake, Los Angeles|Silver Lake]] venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|title=Existencilism. Los Angeles, July 2002.|date=16 April 2017|website=Banksy Unofficial|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150316/https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|title=Banksy – Smiley Copper H|website=Phillips|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150839/https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|url-status=live}}</ref> The exhibition, entitled ''Existencilism'', ''"an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness"'' was curated by 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |title=Banksy Existencilism Book |work=Art of the State |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204070348/http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |archive-date=4 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, and Coleman.<ref name=":1" /> Some of the paintings exhibited included ''Smiley Copper H'' (2002), ''Leopard and Barcode'' (2002), ''Bomb Hugger'' (2002), and ''Love Is in the Air'' (2002).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|title=First time at auction for Banksy's 2002 art work, Leopard and Barcode, at Bonhams Urban art sale|website=artdaily.cc|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052958/https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bethlehem Banksy.jpg|thumb|Banksy mural in [[Bethlehem]], [[West Bank]], Palestine]]

In 2003, at an exhibition called ''[[Turf War (Banksy)|Turf War]]'', held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's [[Nigel Wrench]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy's Bristol |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |website=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> Although the [[RSPCA]] declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm |title=Animals sprayed by graffiti artist |work=BBC News |date=18 July 2003 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005173441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3077217.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref> An example of his [[Subversion (politics)|subverted]] paintings is [[Monet]]'s ''[[Water Lilies (Monet series)|Water Lily Pond]]'', adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a [[shopping trolley]] floating in its reflective waters; another is [[Edward Hopper]]'s ''[[Nighthawks (painting)|Nighthawks]]'', redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his [[Union Flag]] underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |title=Banksy Show Tonight in London |date=13 October 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111130101/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |archive-date=11 November 2006 }}</ref>

Banksy, along with [[Shepard Fairey]], Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in [[Alexandria, New South Wales|Alexandria, Sydney]], for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

=== £10 notes to ''Barely Legal'' (2004–2006) ===
[[File:Banksy Hitchhiker to Anywhere Archway 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A stencil of [[Charles Manson]] in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, [[Archway, London]]]]
In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mix|first=Elizabeth|year=2011|title=Bansky|journal=Grove Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2093940}}</ref> replacing the picture of the Queen's head with [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]'s head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at [[Notting Hill Carnival]] that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on [[eBay]]. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the ''[[NME]]'' signing tent at the [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading Festival]]. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at [[Bonhams]] auction house in London for £24,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy print donated to Bristol arts venue, The Cube |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=20 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925224121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence ([[Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981|s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981]]). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reinhard|first=Andrew|year=2016|title=ANS Acquires Authentic Banksy £10 Diana Note|url=http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=American Numismatic Society Blog|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211945/http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, s.18|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|access-date=10 May 2021|website=legislation.gov.uk|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510171607/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled ''Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling).'' In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of [[Phan Thi Kim Phuc]], a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph "[[The Terror of War]]" by [[Nick Ut]]. ''Napalm'' shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of ''Napalm''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things To Know About Banksy's Napalm|url=https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=MyArtBroker|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123230920/https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tichy|first=Anna|year=2021|title=Banksy: Artist, Prankster, or Both?|journal=New York Law School Law Review|volume=65 |pages=81–103|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Friedman|first=Jacob|title=Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling)|url=https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/|url-status=usurped|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Hexagon Gallery|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224456/https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/ |archive-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref>

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the [[Palestinian territories]], created nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli West Bank wall]].<ref name="JonesIsrael">{{cite news|first=Sam |last=Jones |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1543171,00.html |title=Spray can prankster tackles Israel's security barrier |date=5 August 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004133921/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0%2C11711%2C1543171%2C00.html |archive-date=4 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.
| source = Banksy<ref name="HPBanksy">[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html Banksy Graffiti: A Book About The Thinking Street Artist] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118130547/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html |date=18 November 2013 }} by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', 30 August 2012</ref>
| align = right
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}}

Banksy held an exhibition called ''[[Barely Legal (Banksy)|Barely Legal]]'', billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live "[[elephant in the room|elephant in a room]]", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from [[animal rights]] activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |title=Banksy's painted elephant is illegal, say officials |author=Oliver, Mark |date=18 September 2006 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230158/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy also made artwork displaying [[Queen Victoria]] as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by [[Andy Warhol]] and [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |title='Guerrilla artist' Banksy hits LA |work=BBC News |date=14 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |first=Peter |last=Bowes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312143923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref>

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for [[Keep Britain Tidy]], asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |title=Banksy biography |work=Brian Sewell Art Directory (briansewell.com) |date=4 August 2005 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215230943/http://briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere" />

=== Banksy effect (2006–2007) ===
[[File:Banksy-ps.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''[[Well Hung Lover|Naked Man]]'' image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/5346822.stm |title=UK, Magazine, Faces of the week |work=BBC News |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306192610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5346822.stm |archive-date=6 March 2009 }}</ref> in [[Park Street, Bristol]]. Following popular support, the City Council decided it will be allowed to remain. ([[:File:banksy.in.bristols.park.street.longshot.arp.jpg|wider view]])]]

After [[Christina Aguilera]] bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece|title=Aguilera invests £25,000 in Banksy |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=6 April 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 | first=Matthew | last=Beard| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060907055717/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece| archive-date= 7 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref> on 19 October 2006, a set of [[Kate Moss]] paintings sold in [[Sotheby's]] London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of [[Andy Warhol]]'s [[Marilyn Diptych|Marilyn Monroe pictures]], sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |title=Banksy works set auction record |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209131916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |archive-date=9 February 2007 }}</ref>
In December, journalist [[Max Foster]] coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |title=Your World Today (Transcript) |publisher=CNN |date=4 December 2006 |access-date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710034649/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |archive-date=10 July 2009 }} "Banksy Effect" mentioned near end.</ref>

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for ''[[Bombing Middle England]]''. Two of his other graffiti works, ''[[Girl with Balloon]]'' and ''[[Bomb Hugger]]'', sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |title=British graffiti artist joins elite in record sale |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=8 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109224649/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |archive-date=9 January 2009 }}</ref> The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: ''[[Ballerina with Action Man Parts]]'' reached £96,000; ''[[Glory (Banksy)|Glory]]'' sold for £72,000; ''[[Untitled (2004)]]'' sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html |title=Sotheby's makes a killing from Banksy's guerrilla artworks |first=Geneviève |last=Roberts |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123459/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html| archive-date= 21 February 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere">{{cite magazine|last=Collins |first=Lauren |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all |title=Banksy Was Here: The invisible man of graffiti art |magazine=The New Yorker |date=14 May 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230190402/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in [[Bristol]] decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/6351467.stm |title=Free house as part of mural sale |work=BBC News |date=12 February 2007 |access-date=12 February 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6351467.stm| archive-date= 13 February 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2007, [[Transport for London]] painted over Banksy's [[Pulp Fiction (Banksy)|image]] of a scene from [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), featuring [[Samuel L. Jackson]] and [[John Travolta]] clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6575345.stm |title=Iconic Banksy image painted over |work=BBC News |date=20 April 2007 |access-date=20 April 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070525234557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6575345.stm| archive-date= 25 May 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second ''Pulp Fiction'' work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in [[Barking, London|Barking]], east London on 12 January 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |title=Blood on the tracks |first=Esther |last=Addley |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021133537/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:
[[File:Ozone's Angel.jpg|thumb|left|''Ozone's Angel'']]
{{blockquote|The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone—rest in peace.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bull|first=Martin|title=Banksy Locations & Tours: A collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London, England|year=2011|publisher=PM Press|isbn=978-1-60486-320-8}}</ref>}}

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work ''[[Space Girl and Bird]]'' fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at [[Bonhams]] of London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425 |title=Reuters UK: Elusive artist Banksy sets record price |work=Reuters.com |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230165901/http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's [[Greatest Britons|Greatest living Briton]]. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status.
On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's ''[[The Drinker (Banksy)|The Drinker]]'' had been stolen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy Statue Stolen |url=http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |work=[[Stranger (magazine)|Stranger]] |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608161006/http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |archive-date=8 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1184233,00.html |title=But is it kidnap? |first=Simon |last=Hattenstone |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625121937/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0%2C%2C1184233%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0,,30100-1289548,00.html ''Guerilla Artist,''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026021115/http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0%2C%2C30100-1289548%2C00.html |date=26 October 2007 }} Sky News, 24 October 2007</ref>

Banksy has published a "[[manifesto]]" on his website.<ref name=manifesto>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119032828/http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-date=19 January 2005|title=Camp}}</ref> The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Mervin Willett Gonin, [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], which is exhibited in the [[Imperial War Museum]]. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free [[George Davis (armed robber)|George Davis]] from imprisonment.<ref name=manifesto /> By 12 August 2009 he was relying on [[Emo Philips]]' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness."
A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie ''[[Children of Men]]'', including a stencilled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |publisher=Contact Music |access-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222013559/http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts, etc.)",<ref>{{cite web| title= A message from Banksy's lawyer| url= http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| access-date= 28 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026144455/http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| archive-date= 26 October 2010| url-status=dead| df= dmy-all}}</ref> claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy Pans His First New York Show |work=Artinfo |publisher=[[Louise Blouin Media]] |date=7 December 2007 |url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225635/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |archive-date=16 September 2008 }}</ref>

=== 2008 ===
[[File:Banksy Swinger Building Detail.jpg|thumb|left|Banksy ''Swinger'' in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]]]
In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled ''[[Fragile Silence]]'', done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trailer a Banksy treasure|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|access-date=17 December 2015|publisher=BBC|date=6 March 2008|archive-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225065958/http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the [[Glastonbury Festival]]. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile 'art house' for sale |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |archive-date=28 July 2013 }}</ref>

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on [[Thames Water]] tower in the middle of the [[Holland Park Avenue|Holland Park roundabout]], and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this—Society!" in bright orange. [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]] spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |title=Banksy must have an Oyster card. He's gone west! |work=The London Paper |date=11 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314012848/http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |archive-date=14 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and the associated [[2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans|levee failure disaster]], Banksy produced a series of works in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |title=Banksy Paints Murals in New Orleans To Mark Hurricane Katrina Anniversary; Gallery 'Banksy Art in Big Easy' |publisher=Sky News |date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206033907/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref>

[[File:No Loitering Banksy.jpg|thumb|Work on building in the [[Lower Ninth Ward]] of New Orleans, August 2008]]

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the [[Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama|Ensley]] neighbourhood of [[Birmingham, Alabama]] on 29 August as [[Hurricane Gustav]] approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.<ref name=WoosterCollective>[http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama Banksy's Road Trip Continues: Takes On The KKK In Birmingham, Alabama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021203209/http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama |date=21 October 2013 }}, Marc Schiller, ''[[Wooster Collective]]''</ref>
His first official exhibition in New York City, ''[[The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill]]'', opened 5 October 2008. The [[Audio-Animatronics|animatronic]] pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby [[Chicken McNuggets]] as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.<ref name=NYOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |title=Where Fish Sticks Swim Free and Chicken Nuggets Self-Dip |work=The New York Times |first=Melena |last=Ryzik |date=9 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609070832/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |archive-date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>

The [[Westminster City Council]] stated in October 2008 that the work ''[[One Nation Under CCTV]]'', painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told ''The Times'' newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art."<ref name=SMHOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Banksy art is graffiti, rules town hall |date=24 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152752/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |archive-date=31 March 2013 }}</ref> The work was painted over in April 2009.
In December 2008, ''The Little Diver'', a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear [[perspex]]; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.<ref name=TheAgeDec2008>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |work=The Age |location=Australia |title=The painter painted: Melbourne loses its treasured Banksy |date=14 December 2008 |first=Janae |last=Houghton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324071147/http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |archive-date=24 March 2011 }}</ref>

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of [[Blek le Rat]], who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery. Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art,<ref name=Coan>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |location=London |work=The Independent |title=Blek le Rat: This is not a Banksy |date=19 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808032756/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> but said in an interview for the documentary ''Graffiti Wars'' that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."<ref>{{cite news|author=Wells, Jeff|date=15 August 2011|title=Guerrilla artists at war over style accusations|newspaper=[[Western Daily Press]]|page=3}}</ref>

==== The Cans Festival (2008) ====
In London, over the weekend 3–5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called ''The Cans Festival''. It was situated on [[Leake Street]], a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath [[London Waterloo station]]. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |title=Tunnel becomes Banksy art exhibit |date=2 May 2008 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617194911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |archive-date=17 June 2009 }}</ref> Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.<ref>{{cite news | title = Banksy Hosts The Cans Festival | url = http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | publisher = Cool Hunting | date = 6 May 2008 | access-date = 17 May 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184925/http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | archive-date = 11 May 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2009 ===
[[File:King Robbo.jpg|thumb|The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by [[King Robbo|Robbo]] in Camden, London, allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation]]
In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent [[Steve Lazarides]] and announced that Pest Control,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pestcontroloffice.com/faq.asp|title=What is Pest Control? |publisher=Pest Control Office |access-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131223445/http://pestcontroloffice.com/whatispco.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works.
On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]], featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy's homecoming reviewed |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=14 June 2009 |last=Cafe |first=Rebecca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum|title=Take a stuffy old institution. Remix. Add wit. It's Banksy v the museum|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=13 June 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=13 June 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615161052/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html |title=Thousands flock to Banksy show in Bristol|date=15 June 2009 |work=Bristol Evening Post |publisher=Bristol News and Media |access-date=15 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090618140338/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html| archive-date= 18 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy art show draws in 300,000 |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=31 August 2009 |access-date=31 August 2009 |first=Rebecca |last=Cafe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref>
In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 [[Blur (band)|Blur]] single "[[Crazy Beat]]" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |title=Blur Banksy is ruined by mistake |work=BBC News |date=5 September 2009 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming", with the words being submerged in water.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8425397.stm Banksy art tackles global warming] . ''BBC News''. 21 December 2009.</ref>
A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and [[King Robbo]] broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.<ref name="indy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|title=My Graffiti War with Banksy By King Robbo
|author=Fuertes-Knight, Jo
|work=Sabotage Times
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819215549/http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|archive-date=19 August 2011
|access-date=15 August 2011
}}</ref>

=== ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' and United States (2010) ===
The world premiere of the film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'' took place at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah]], on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and [[Salt Lake City]] to tie in with the screening.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_14232591 |title=Famous 'tagger' Banksy strikes in Utah |first=Sean P. |last=Means| work=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=21 January 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124082724/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14232591| archive-date= 24 January 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> In February, [[The Whitehouse (pub)|The Whitehouse]] public house in [[Liverpool]], England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.<ref name="liverpooldailypost">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |title=Liverpool Banksy rat pub building sold for £114,000 at auction |date=18 February 2010 |work=The Liverpool Daily Post |author=Sharpe, Laura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909175312/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |archive-date=9 September 2010 }}</ref>

In March 2010, a modified version of the work ''[[Forgive Us Our Trespassing]]''–a kneeling boy with a spray-painted [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]]–was displayed at [[London Bridge Station]] on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground.<ref name="BBCBanksy">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8573323.stm |title=London Underground Banksy work regains its halo |work=BBC News |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=25 December 2011 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418032701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8573323.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.<ref name="BBCBanksy"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo-6751715.html
|title=Underground mystery as Banksy work regains its halo|work=London Evening Standard|date=17 March 2010|access-date=25 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529020034/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23816233-underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo.do |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>

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| quote = Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.
| source = [[Shepard Fairey]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine on Banksy's entry in the [[Time 100]] list, April 2010<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fairy |first1=Shephard |title=Time 100: Banksy |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984940_1984945,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |issue=20 May 2015 |date=29 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518011845/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1984685_1984940_1984945%2C00.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
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In April, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| title=Street Artist Banksy Marks the Mission |access-date=27 April 2010|work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100428215041/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| archive-date= 28 April 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly paid a [[Chinatown, San Francisco|San Francisco Chinatown]] building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.<ref>[http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco/ Banksy in San Francisco | San Francisco Luxury Living] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427043450/http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco |date=27 April 2010 }}. Sfluxe.com (24 April 2010). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref>
In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| title=Banksy comes to Toronto |access-date=9 May 2010|work=Torontoist| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100512044227/http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| archive-date= 12 May 2010| url-status=live| date=9 May 2010 }}</ref>

In May, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren.<ref name="Wright-2010">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |title=Banksy Leaves a Rat in Warren and a Diamond in Detroit |author=Wright, Travis R |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Metro Times blogs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119015819/http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |archive-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref> Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. The gallery claimed that they did not intend to sell the work, but planned to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery. It was later sold in 2015 for $137,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |title=Graffiti artist Banksy leaves mark on Detroit and ignites firestorm |first=Mark |last=Stryker |work=Detroit Free Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518065058/http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |archive-date=18 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Detroit mural created by Banksy sells for $137,500 | date=October 1, 2015 | url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/detroit-mural-created-by-banksy-sells-for-137500 | work=fox2detroit.com }}</ref> There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as ''Diamond Girl''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |date=12 May 2010 |work=Detroit Moxie |title=Street Artist Banksy Tags Detroit |first=Becks |last=Davis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516031000/http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |archive-date=16 May 2010 }}</ref> While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in [[Chinatown, Boston]], known as [[Follow Your Dreams (Banksy)|Follow Your Dreams]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy makes his mark across America |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=21 April 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613131637/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late January 2011, ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711102803/http://oscar.go.com/nominations/category/documentary-feature/synopsis/exit-through-the-gift-shop/687163 Banksy nominated for Oscar]. Oscar.go.com. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me."<ref>[https://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 Banksy statement to Oscar nomination] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013901/http://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 |date=1 March 2011 }}. Nme.com (27 January 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' did not win the award, which went to ''[[Inside Job (2010 film)|Inside Job]]''. In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in [[Weston-super-Mare]], UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's (''The King's Speech'' co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue.<ref>[http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html Banksy responds to Oscars] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311091129/http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html |date=11 March 2011 }}. Swns.com (9 March 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was broadcast on British public television station [[Channel 4]] on 13 August 2011 as part of a night of other shows compiled by Banksy.

Banksy was credited with the opening [[couch gag]] for the 2010 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[MoneyBart]]", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program.<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513 |title= Banksy creates new Simpsons title sequence|access-date=12 October 2010|work=BBC News | date=11 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on his website.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110126164711/http://www.banksy.co.uk/indoors/simp.html Original Storyboard] from banksy.co.uk, archived at web.archive.org</ref> According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department". Executive director [[Al Jean]] jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010" />

=== 2011–2013 ===
In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking [[petrol bomb]] contained in a '[[Tesco Value]]' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each. In December, he unveiled ''[[Cardinal Sin (Banksy)|Cardinal Sin]]'' at the [[Walker Art Gallery]], Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a pixelated effect, was a statement on the [[child abuse]] scandal in the Catholic Church.<ref name="BBCNews15Dec2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |work=BBC News |title=Banksy unveils church abuse work |date=15 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216045542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |archive-date=16 December 2011 }}</ref>

In May 2012 his ''[[Parachuting Rat]]'', painted in [[Melbourne]] in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 "Banksy rat destroyed by builders"]. ''ABC News'' (Australia) (16 May 2012). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517061252/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 |date=17 May 2012 }}. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> In July, prior to the [[2012 Olympic Games]] Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654 "London 2012: Banksy and street artists' Olympic graffiti"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654]. ''BBC News'' (24 July 2012).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |title=British Graffiti artist Banksy in Olympics controversy |work=Ahram Online |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315000629/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref>

On 18 February 2013, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the [[Slave Labour (mural)|''Slave Labour'' mural]] portraying a young child sewing [[Union Flag]] bunting (created around the time of the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]), had been removed from the side of a [[Poundland]] store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261 "Banksy mural vanishes from London, appears at US auction"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261] ''BBC News'' (18 February 2013). Retrieved 18 February 2013.</ref> On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami withdrew the work of art from the sale.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042 "Taken Banksy is withdrawn from sale"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042]. ''BBC News'' (24 February 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref>

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378 "Banksy Slave Labour mural up for auction again"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378] ''BBC News'' (11 May 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref> On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle ''Better Out Than In''.

Much criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as [[TrustoCorp]], criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |title=Art or Act? New Yorkers Give Banksy Residency Mixed Reviews |work=NPR |access-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102230024/http://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |magazine=Time |title=Making Sense of the Banksy Backlash |date=16 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926010033/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |archive-date=26 September 2015 }}</ref> In his column for ''[[The Guardian]]'', satirist [[Charlie Brooker]] wrote in 2006 that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |title=Supposing ... Subversive genius Banksy is actually rubbish |first=Charlie |last=Brooker |work=The Guardian |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=31 January 2011 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002181851/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>

==== ''Better Out Than In'' (2013) ====
{{Main|Better Out Than In}}

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of [[New York City|New York [City]]]", for which he opened a separate website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |title=Better Out Than In |author=Banksy |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018094050/http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> and granted an interview to ''[[The Village Voice]]'' via his publicist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hamilton |first=Keegan |title=An Interview With Banksy, Street Art Cult Hero, International Man of Mystery |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009092554/http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3/ |archive-date=9 October 2013 }}</ref>

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on [[Fifth Avenue]] near [[Central Park]] on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was staffed by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |title=Banksy stall sells art works for $60 in New York |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017182807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |title=Banksy: I Sold Original Artwork for $60 in NYC |work=ABC News |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017132744/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |title=Graffiti artist Banksy says he offered $60 paintings in Central Park |publisher=CNN |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151409/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |title=Two of Banksy's Central Park 'Spray Art' Canvases Sell for $214,000 at Auction |work=ANIMAL |access-date=12 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220061340/http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref>

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then-[[New York City Mayor]] [[Michael Bloomberg]], who had led a citywide [[graffiti]] cleanup operation in 2002, said he did not consider graffiti a form of art.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg says Banksy doesn't fit his definition of art |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918002747/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |url-status=live }}</ref> One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of [[Ronald McDonald]] and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in [[Queens]] but moved outside a different [[McDonald's]] around the city every day.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grant |first=Drew |url=http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |title=Banksy Unveils 'Shoeshine Boy' at McDonald's |newspaper=The New York Observer |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017021138/http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |title=Banksy attacks McDonald's in new sculpture |first=Liam |last=O'Brien |date=17 October 2013 |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018091258/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |title=Banksy gives Ronald McDonald's clown shoes a shine |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093648/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |archive-date=2 February 2017 }}</ref> Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated [[Dumbo]]; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |title=Banksy bids farewell to New York with balloons |first=Chris |last=Boyette |work=CNN |date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103215341/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |archive-date=3 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |title=Banksy's Nazi-Doctored Painting Raises $615,000 Online |first=Katya |last=Kazakina |date=1 November 2013 |work=Blomberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024010306/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> Banksy also posted a mock-up of a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[op-ed]] attacking the design of the [[One World Trade Center]] after the ''Times'' rejected his submission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |title=Banksy Bashes One World Trade Center In Rejected New York Times Op-Ed |work=HuffPost |date=28 October 2013 |first=Inae |last=Oh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104111213/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |archive-date=4 January 2014 }}</ref> The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013;<ref name=cnn/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |title=Banksy in New York pictures |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=31 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226071449/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref> many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |title=Banksy sphinx sculpture stolen in New York |first=Alice |last=Vincent |date=23 October 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226084923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref>

=== 2015–2018 ===
In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled ''Make this the year '''YOU''' discover a new destination'' about his trip to the [[Gaza Strip]]. During the visit, he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website—but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to ''[[The New York Times]]'' his publicist said,

{{blockquote|I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future—what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy's Murals Turn Up In Gaza Strip |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |work=[[NPR]] |date=26 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228151348/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |archive-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref>}}

[[File:Dismaland overview 01-02 combined.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in [[Weston-super-Mare]]]]

Banksy opened [[Dismaland]], a large-scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in [[Weston-super-Mare]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212034/http://www.dismaland.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |title=Banksy's Dismaland: fans express frustration over crashing website |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=21 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821164122/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include [[Damien Hirst]] and [[Jenny Holzer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821005854/http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> In December, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of [[Calais]], France, including the so-called "[[Calais jungle|Jungle]]" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, ''[[The Son of a Migrant from Syria]]'', depicts [[Steve Jobs]] as a migrant.<ref name=stevejobs>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |title=Banksy work in Calais 'Jungle' shows Steve Jobs as migrant |work=BBC News |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212103238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |archive-date=12 December 2015 }}</ref>

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the [[Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]]. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms faces the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|title=The Walled Off Hotel|website=walledoffhotel.com|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218150519/http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his ''Better Out Than In'' residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed ''Rat race'', was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|title=Banksy's New York rat removed in less than a week|website=Descrier|access-date=23 March 2018|date=22 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041225/https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|url-status=live}}</ref> but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist [[Zehra Doğan]] on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|title=Banksy Blitz Continues in NYC with New Murals in Brooklyn|website=Hyperallergic|access-date=23 March 2018|date=19 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041630/https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''Love Is in the Bin'' (2018) ====
In October 2018, a Banksy work, initially titled the ''[[Balloon Girl]]'', was sold for £1m at London auction house [[Sotheby's]]. The purchaser of the work was an unnamed European woman. As the [[gavel]] hit the sound-block, an alarm sounded within the picture frame and the Banksy canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Badshah |first=Nadeem |date=2021-10-14 |title=Banksy sets auction record with £18.5m sale of shredded painting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304232452/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Christian 2018">{{cite web | last=Christian | first=Natasha | title=Street artist Banksy releases video showing auction shredding prank was years in the making | website=The West Australian | date=7 October 2018 | url=https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=7 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007111611/https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |title=Banksy auction prank leaves art world in shreds |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=6 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905135526/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy artwork shreds itself after sale|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history".<ref name="Christian 2018"/> Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|title=Meet the entrepreneurs shaking up the art world|first=Coco|last=Khan|date=27 March 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183623/https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|url-status=live}}</ref> told the ''[[Evening Standard]]'': "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1m they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added a minimum of 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|title=£1m Banksy artwork shredded at auction 'now worth double'|date=6 October 2018|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007120858/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |title=Who's the mystery man who films at Banksy prank auction? |year=2018 |work=Sky News |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015939/https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |title=Banksy's 'Girl with Balloon' sale is confirmed – and it's got a new name |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519041519/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |title= Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan – video |date= 7 October 2018 |work= The Guardian |access-date= 7 October 2018 |archive-date= 15 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210115162509/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|title=Banksy explains why and how he destroyed artwork that had just been sold for £1m|work=The Independent|access-date=8 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008122540/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to [[Mikhail Bakunin]].)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|title=Mikhail Bakunin Quote|website=A-Z Quotes|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211731/https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|url-status=live}}</ref> It is not known how the shredder was activated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy posts video of shredding stunt|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time..."<ref>Banksy [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY "Shredding the Girl and Balloon – The Director's half cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024075905/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY |date=24 October 2018 }}. 17 October 2018 – via YouTube.</ref>

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]'', and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body, Pest Control Office Ltd. Sotheby's released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one", and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |title=Woman who bought shredded Banksy artwork will go through with purchase |first=Mattha |last=Busby |date=11 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052330/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|title=Banksy Authenticates and Renames His Shredded $1.4 Million Painting—Which the Buyer Plans to Keep|first=Eileen|last=Kinsella|date=11 October 2018|work=artnet|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015837/https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2021, the remains of the partially-shredded painting was reported by ''[[The Guardian]]'' to have been re-sold by Sotheby's auction house, for £18,582,000, in London.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="NPR-20211014">{{cite news |last=Pruitt-Young |first=Sharon |title=A half-shredded Banksy piece is auctioned for $25.4 million, a record for the artist |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |date=14 October 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |accessdate=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015010251/https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2018–2019 ===
[[File:Season's Greetings, Banksy (6).jpg|thumb|''Season's Greetings'', Port Talbot, Wales]]
A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in [[Port Talbot]] in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|title=Is this the work of Banksy?|date=19 December 2018|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231037/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new mural|last=Robinson|first=Matthew|date=19 December 2018|website=CNN Style|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219172704/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an [[Instagram]] video soundtracked by the festive children's song "Little Snowflake".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new painting spotted in Wales|last=Reilly|first=Nick|date=19 December 2018|website=NME|language=en-US|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219184632/https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|url-status=live}}</ref> Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and [[Plaid Cymru]] [[councillor]] for [[Aberavon]], Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|title=Banksy confirms new 'snow' artwork is his|date=19 December 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=19 December 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219162407/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|url-status=live}}</ref> A plastic screen, partially funded by [[Michael Sheen]], was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|title=Banksy anti-pollution artwork in Port Talbot targeted|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=23 December 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223175647/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|url-status=live}}</ref> Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|title=Banksy's Port Talbot snow mural attacked by 'drunk halfwit'|date=23 December 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223115646/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.<ref name="Fyfe-29May2019">{{cite news |last1=Fyfe |first1=Will |title=Port Talbot Banksy mural: Artwork arrives at new home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |access-date=11 June 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602003214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named ''Gross Domestic Product'' in [[Croydon]], South London, to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greeting card company that had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A [greeting card] company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|title=Banksy shop featuring Stormzy stab vest appears in Croydon|date=1 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002013020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear—if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|title=Banksy launches homewares shop in dispute over trademark|date=1 October 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002002239/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 October, greeting card distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|title=Banksy: Card firm rejects 'custody' claim|date=4 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007104902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 September 2020, the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rivera|first=Isabella|date=30 November 2020|title=Voided Banksy TM|url=https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|website=Center for Art Law|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505170638/https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref> The European panel judges in ''Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd'' [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|title=Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trademark (codification)|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122647/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

In October 2019, a 2009 painting by Banksy entitled "[[Devolved Parliament (Banksy)|Devolved Parliament]]", showing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] depicted as chimpanzees in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it".<ref name="record sale"/> At {{convert|13|ft}} wide, it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the [[Brexit]] debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."<ref name="record sale">{{cite news |title=Banksy MPs as chimpanzees painting sells for £9.9m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=BBC News |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003212211/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2020–2024 ===
On 13 February 2020, the [[Valentine's Banksy]] mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's [[Barton Hill, Bristol|Barton Hill]] neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|title=Say it with Banksy? Valentine's gift catapults house to street art fame|date=13 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|last2=Fisher|first2=Ben|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213230658/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early hours of [[Valentine's Day]] (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|title=Valentine's Day art in Bristol confirmed by Banksy as his work|date=14 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224221102/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was defaced just days after appearing.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |title=New Banksy Valentine's Day artwork vandalised |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=South China Morning Post |date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215190619/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy dedicated a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints]]'' or ''Game Changer'' to NHS staff, and donated it to the [[Southampton General Hospital|University Hospital of Southampton]] during the global [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]] in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banksy donates new artwork honoring health care workers to hospital|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|first=Allen|last=Kim|date=7 May 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507014624/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |title=Covid: Banksy painting raises £14.4m for NHS charities |work=BBC News |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323192639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of [[HM Prison Reading|Reading Prison]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Isobel |title=Banksy: Potential artwork appears overnight on side of Reading Prison |date=2 March 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent]] |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304181039/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former prison's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Banksy confirms escaping prisoner artwork at Reading jail |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304165224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |url-status=live }}</ref> The escaping prisoner was said to resemble [[Oscar Wilde]], who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.<ref name=bbc />

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled ''[[A Great British Spraycation]]'', appeared in several [[East Anglia]]n towns.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy-style pieces appear in Gorleston, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|work=BBC News|date=7 August 2021|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810154452/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|title = Banksy: A guide to his 'Great British Spraycation'|work = BBC News|date = 17 August 2021|access-date = 14 August 2021|archive-date = 14 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210814050602/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|url-status = live}}</ref> Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 [[BBC One]]/[[Amazon Prime Video]] comedy ''[[The Outlaws (2021 TV series)|The Outlaws]]''. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was [[Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed|painted over]] by the character Frank, played by [[Christopher Walken]], while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his [[Community service|Community Payback]] sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|title=Banksy artwork painted over by Christopher Walken in The Outlaws finale was real, BBC confirms|last=Lewis|first=Isobel|date=11 November 2021|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111233840/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Children of War, Maidan.jpg|thumb|[[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] (Independence Square), [[Kyiv]], Ukraine]]
[[File:Banksy in Irpin.jpg|thumb|A mural on the wall of a bombed building in [[Irpin]], Ukraine]]
In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of [[Borodianka]], appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |title=Banksy artwork appears on damaged building in Ukraine |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 November 2022 |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112002256/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> He also created six murals in [[Kyiv]], [[Irpin]], [[Hostomel]] and [[Horenka, Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast|Horenka]].<ref>{{Cite news|last= |first=|date=14 November 2022|title=Banksy in Ukraine: seven new works appear in war-torn sites|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114143343/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 November 2022|script-title=uk:У Бородянці, Гостомелі та Ірпені. 7 графіті Бенксі|trans-title=7 Banksy graffiti in Borodyanka, Hostomel and Irpin|script-work=uk:Вікенд|trans-work=Weekend|url=https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115094013/https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the images he produced in Borodianka was of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in a judo throw. The image has since been turned into a stamp in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-26 |title=Ukraine's Banksy stamps feature art of Putin in judo match |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226091639/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."<ref name="bbcflowerbombertm">{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|title= Banksy loses battle with greetings card firm over 'flower bomber' trademark|access-date= 15 December 2020|work= BBC News|date= 17 September 2020|archive-date= 18 November 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201118030113/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|url-status= live}}</ref>

On [[St Patricks Day]] 2024, a confirmed Banksy "mural" appeared overnight on a flank wall of a housing estate near to [[Finsbury Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy artwork appears on side of flats in north London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork is located in an area known as [[Upper Holloway]], in the London Borough of [[Islington]]. The mural is behind a stark heavily pruned tree, which dominates the foreground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Banksy: Artist confirms new London tree mural is his own work |work=BBC News |date=18 March 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork's green shades and leafy foliage used paint that matches Islington's own municipal green, which is used on their housing estate nameplates. The sprawling artwork gives the impression of lush foliage in full leaf on the wall backdrop. An adjoining life size figure is stencilled onto the wall at ground level, showing a worker using a [[pressure washer]], as if they were spontaneously spraying the artwork.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=New London mural prompts Banksy speculation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318092527/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the first to visit the Banksy, was the local MP, [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2024-03-18 |title=Banksy confirms north London tree mural is his work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318192747/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |url-status=live }}</ref> Experts have speculated that the choice of subject and the location make it difficult to remove to sell at auction, as the context of the setting is everything and the sale value would be minimal.

In August 2024, he claimed credit for a number of black silhouette compositions, that appeared in London and were part of an [[Banksy's London animal series|animal-themed series]]. Various theories exist for what they mean and represent, with the artist himself declining to comment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Liz Jackson, Adriana Elgueta|date=2024-08-08 |title=Banksy howling wolf artwork removed after reveal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrjyv2dwnvo |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Aurelia Foster, Freddy Tennyson|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20l71yyxp1o|title=Fifth Banksy in five days appears in London|work=BBC News|date=2024-08-09|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref>

=== 2025–present ===
In February 2025, it was announced that Banksy, or a representee of the artist, is to appear at a tribunal at the U.K's [[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Intellectual Property Office]]. The tribunal will be one of the few times that the secretive artist’s legal team – or those representing the artist – will speak in public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Battles On {{!}} |url=https://guyhepner.com/news/315-banksy-battles-on-i-fought-the-trademark-law/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, he revealed his latest artwork located in the streets of Marseille, France.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Adamson |first1=Thomas |last2=Eltoni |first2=Bisher |last3=Lawless |first3=Jill |date=2025-05-30 |title=In Marseille, a shadow becomes art in Banksy's latest street mural |url=https://apnews.com/article/banksy-street-artist-new-lighthouse-marseille-e25dd4c720df880ae0c462a8076a065f |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The mural depicts a lighthouse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=New Banksy mural appears in Marseille, depicting a lighthouse |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/05/30/we-love-it-marseille-discovers-new-banksy-artwork_6741840_7.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> In the early hours of September 8 2025, passers-by noticed a Banksy mural on the [[Royal Courts of Justice (Banksy mural)|Royal Courts of Justice in London]]. It depicted a protester being beaten with a gavel by a judge.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Banksy artwork shows judge beating protester amid Palestine Action protest arrests storm |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-covered-up-b1246517.html |publisher=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> The work became controversial due to its location on a prominent judicial landmark, which some media commentators said was connected to the recent arrests and prosecutions in the UK of protestors of various causes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harding |first1=Laura |title=New Banksy artwork at the Royal Courts of Justice already covered up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-london-peckham-b2822186.html |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> The artwork was covered up on the same day in the afternoon with a large metal sheet and fencing. Workmen were pictured at the mural a day later.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/sep/08/court-staff-cover-up-banksy-image-of-judge-beating-a-protester</ref> On September 10, the mural was removed from the building, but it had left a shadow of the mural and was still partly visible, but heavily faded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Banksy artwork being removed from Royal Courts of Justice wall in London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-banksy-artwork-being-removed-from-royal-courts-of-justice-wall-in-london-13428144 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

== Other artworks ==
Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:
* At [[London Zoo]], he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in {{convert|7|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} letters.<ref>{{cite news|first=William |last=Langley |date=18 March 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |title=For the Gauguin of graffiti it was all about tagging. Now he's into six-figure price tags |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=9 November 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110065926/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |archive-date=10 November 2014 }}</ref>
* At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |title=Need Talent to Exhibit in Museums? Not This Prankster |access-date=12 June 2008 |date=24 March 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Randy |last=Kennedy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211141929/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref>
* In 2004, he placed the piece ''[[Banksus Militus Ratus]]'' into London's [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Natural History Museum exhibits an unnatural specimen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=8 April 2004|access-date=7 October 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014055255/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], and [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[Manhattan]] as well as the [[Brooklyn Museum]] in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |title=A Wooster Exclusive: Banksy Hits New York's Most Famous Museums (All of them) |access-date=19 September 2006 |date=23 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909040458/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |archive-date=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In May 2005 [[Peckham Rock]], Banksy's version of a primitive [[cave painting]] depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley, was hung in gallery 49 of the [[British Museum]], London.<ref name=wired>{{cite journal |first=Jeff |last=Howe |journal=[[Wired Magazine|Wired]] |volume=13 |issue=8 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html |title=Art Attack |date=August 2005 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060902025945/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html| archive-date= 2 September 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>
* In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]], including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.<ref name="JonesIsrael" /><ref name="BBCNews5Aug2005">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |title=Art prankster sprays Israeli wall |work=BBC News |date=5 August 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425143503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |archive-date=25 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Nigel |last=Parry |url=http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |title=British Graffiti Artist, Banksy, Hacks the Wall |date=10 October 2006 |work=MIT Thresholds |access-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211151040/http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |archive-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for [[Nickelodeon]].<ref>{{cite web|author=loveforlogos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |title=Nickelodeon Next ID (2005) |via=YouTube |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703185114/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref>
* In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in [[Soho]], London. It was later removed by [[Westminster City Council|Westminster Council]].<ref name="BBCNews7Apr2007">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |title=Artist's cold call cuts off phone |work=BBC News |date=7 April 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207050232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |archive-date=7 December 2006 }}</ref>
* In June 2006, Banksy created ''[[Well Hung Lover]]'', an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central [[Bristol]]. The image sparked "a heated debate",<ref name="HSH p93">Steve Wright (2007), ''Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home'', p. 93</ref> with the [[Bristol City Council]] leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.<ref name="nakedman">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/5103306.stm |title=Artist's saucy stencil for city |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312220427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/5103306.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref> After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.<ref name="HSH p93" /> The mural was later defaced with blue paint.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/8114184.stm |title=Banksy mural defaced with paint |date=23 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |work=BBC News| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626223938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/8114184.stm| archive-date= 26 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of [[Paris Hilton]]'s debut CD, ''[[Paris (Paris Hilton album)|Paris]]'', in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by [[Danger Mouse (musician)|Danger Mouse]]. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as [[eBay]]. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm |title=Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank |work=BBC News |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060910085841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm| archive-date= 10 September 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Claire |last1=Truscott |first2=Martin |last2=Hodgson |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece |title=Banksy targets Paris Hilton |newspaper=[[The Independent on Sunday]] |date=3 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 | location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060905204207/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece| archive-date= 5 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |title=Paris Prank Confirmed |date=7 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121184105/http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |archive-date=21 November 2006 }}</ref>
* In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]] prisoner ([[Guantanamo captive's uniforms|orange jumpsuit]], black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the [[Big Thunder Mountain Railroad]] ride at the [[Disneyland]] theme park in [[Anaheim, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |title=The story Disneyland doesn't want you to know |date=8 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233859/http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm|title=Artist Banksy targets Disneyland|work=BBC News |date=11 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005170241/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of [[Blur (band)|Blur's]] 2003 album ''[[Think Tank (Blur album)|Think Tank]]''.
* In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in [[Portobello Road]] with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm|title=£208,100 eBay bid for Banksy wall|date=14 January 2008|access-date=14 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080117104716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm| archive-date= 17 January 2008 | url-status=live| work=BBC News}}</ref>
*A guard/police officer with a [[balloon animal]] was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=Banksy behind glass: Artwork gets new Toronto home |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=CTV News |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215646/https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In July 2012, in the run up to the [[London 2012]] Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a [[javelin]], evidently taking a poke at the [[surface to air missile]] sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eurosport |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |title=London could destroy Banksy's valuable Olympic graffiti |work=Yahoo! Eurosport |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109220647/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |title=London 2012: Street Artist Banksy's Olympic Graffiti Unveiled (Pictures) |work=HuffPost |date= 26 July 2012|access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727001859/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |archive-date=27 July 2012 }}</ref>
* In April 2014, he created a piece in [[Cheltenham]], near the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent [[global surveillance disclosures]] of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Morris |first1=Steven |title=Banksy confirms he is creator of the 'Spy Booth' wall art near GCHQ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |access-date=5 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005062209/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |archive-date=5 October 2015 }}</ref> This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.<ref name="abc-surveill-vanish">{{cite news|title=Banksy mural mocking government surveillance vanishes from UK wall |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |access-date=22 August 2016 |work=ABC News |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823110849/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref>
* In October 2014, Ten days before the [[2014 Clacton by-election]], Banksy painted a mural on a wall in Clacton which showed five grey pigeons holding three placards. They held the words "go back to Africa" "migrants not welcome", and "keep off our worms". They were directed towards a more colourful migratory swallow perched further along the same wire. The mural was removed by [[Tendring District|Tendring District Council]] who had received a complaint that "offensive and racist remarks" had appeared on a wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |title=Council removes Banksy artwork after complaints of racism |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=1 October 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422110701/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |url-status=live |archive-date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>
* In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its [[House system|houses]] after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |title=Banksy mural appears at primary school – with a letter from the artist himself |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608015555/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |title=Banksy paints Bridge Farm Primary Bristol wall as 'present' |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcast Corporation |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606114949/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |archive-date=6 June 2016 }}</ref>
* In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant [[Brexit]] [[mural]], painted on a house in Dover (Kent).<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker |title=Banksy claims responsibility for giant Brexit painting in Dover |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Banksy's ''Dream Boat'', originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love [[Pop-up retail|pop-up shop]] in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win ''Dream Boat''.<ref>N. Hinde (11 December 2018). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 "Buy A £2 Raffle Ticket And This Banksy Sculpture Could Be Yours"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212125714/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 |date=12 December 2018 }}. ''[[HuffPost]]''.</ref> The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.<ref>Katie Baron (22 October 2018). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ "How Choose Love Made Charity Credible Again: Pop-Up Sales Storm Towards £1.5m, Doubling 2017 Total"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702092343/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ |date=2 July 2019 }}. ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" class="center">
File:Mauer-betlehem.jpg|Near [[Bethlehem]] – 2005
File:Banksy - Grin Reaper With Tag.jpg|''The Grin Reaper''
</gallery>

=== Damaged artwork ===
{{Main|Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed}}
Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in [[Melbourne]], paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |title=Anti-graffiti crew accidentally paints over Banksy art in CBD |work=The Melbourne Leader |date=27 April 2010 |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429030922/http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |archive-date=29 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2010, the [[Melbourne City Council]] reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a [[Parachuting Rat|rat descending in a parachute]] adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

In July 2011, one of Banksy's early works, ''[[Gorilla in a Pink Mask]]'', was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre. The art piece had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in [[Eastville, Bristol|Eastville]] for over ten years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Whitewashed Banksy restoration 'could cost thousands'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547|access-date=15 July 2011|publisher=BBC|date=15 July 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720081140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547| archive-date= 20 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bates|first=Stephen|title=Banksy's Gorilla in a Pink Mask is painted over|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over|access-date=15 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 July 2011|location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716223702/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over| archive-date= 16 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Many works that make up the ''Better Out Than In'' series in New York City have been [[Defacement (vandalism)|defaced]], some just hours after the piece was unveiled.<ref name=nytimes_welcome>{{cite news|title=Banksy's New York Welcome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019061328/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Piece In Queens Defaced By Other Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224015237/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |archive-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Hater, OMAR NYC, Defaces Art In Red Hook |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=8 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013223713/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref> OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Turco |first=Bucky |title=Banksy Thoroughly Ragged |url=http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |work=Animal New York |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031237/http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |archive-date=12 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dobkin |first=Jake |title=Banksy Gets Dissed |url=http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php?#photo-1 |work=[[Gothamist]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010072201/http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php#photo-1 |archive-date=10 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref>

In the case of the 2013 vandalism of Banksy's ''Praying Boy'' in [[Park City, Utah]], United States,<ref name="Park Rec Vandalism">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 11 January 2014 |title= Banksy vandalism: video surfaces purporting to show Park City attack |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |work= [[Park Record]] |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122175200/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
the perpetrator was tried, pled guilty, and convicted of [[mischief|criminal mischief]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Whitehurst |first= Lindsay |date= 17 November 2014 |title= Man who damaged Banksy art in US gets probation |url= https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |work= [[Associated Press]] |location= New York |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122171615/https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= Nov 19, 2014 |title= Banksy vandal, apologetic, ordered to pay for damage in Park City |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230525143745/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |archive-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>
The artwork was restored to its original state by a [[Conservation and restoration of cultural property|painting conservator]], who was hired by the owners of the building where ''Praying Boy'' is located.<ref name="Park Rec Restored">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 2 April 2014 |title= Banksy piece in Park City, vandal's target, painstakingly restored |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122172230/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

== Technique ==
[[File:Banksy Girl ATM.JPG|thumb|ATM attacking a girl, [[Rosebery Avenue]], London, January 2008]]

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book ''Wall and Piece'' that, as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils for minimising time and overlapping of the colour.

In a 2003 interview, Banksy described his technique, when making a piece in a public area, as "quick" and "I want to get it done and dusted."<ref name="BBC Nanji"/>

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist [[Robert Del Naja|3D]]. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist [[Blek le Rat]]. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|title=Road sign believed to be a Banksy has vanished|date=13 August 2018|website=BBC Newsround|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201233040/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|url-status=live}}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, [[Stencil#Aerosol stencils|stencils]] are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy - Banksquiat. Boy and Dog in Stop and Search |url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/NY010323/13 |website=[[Phillips (auctioneers)|Phillips]] |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Frederick Gentis |title=Banksy's identity may be uncovered by looking at what inspired him |url=https://www.gallerease.com/en/magazine/articles/banksys-identity-may-be-uncovered-by-looking-at-what-inspired-him-53bbdb606e92__53bbdb606e92 |website=Gallerease |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Naomi DeSouza |title=Graffiti artist mistaken for Brum 'Banksy' is factory worker with 'busy family life' |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/graffiti-artist-mistaken-brum-banksy-24072547 |website=Birmingham Live |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live as it was being auctioned at [[Sotheby's]]. The piece originally consisted of a framed painting of ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''. While the bidding was in progress, a shredder was activated from within the frame, partially destroying the painting, and thus creating a new piece. The shredder had been pre-emptively built into the frame a few years prior in case the painting was put up for auction.<ref>{{cite news |last= Preuss |first= Andreas |author= |date= 7 October 2018 |title= Banksy painting 'self-destructs' moments after being sold for $1.4 million at auction |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |work= [[CNN]] |location= United States |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230522002914/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |archive-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
The new artwork, consisting of the half-shredded painting still in its frame, is titled ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date= 14 October 2021 |title= Banksy's Love is in the Bin sells for record £16m |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |work= BBC |location= London |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230930084451/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |archive-date=2023-09-30}}</ref>

In 2025, the [[BBC News|BBC]] unearthed previously unseen Banksy murals that differ in their execution from the well-known stencil style of [[graffiti]] for which the artist is commonly known. The murals, created for a youth club in the artist's home city, are examples of the early technique of the artist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mackintosh |first1=Thomas |title=New Banksy mural appears at Royal Courts of Justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgrq0r0y878o |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Art: A history |url=https://guyhepner.com/artists/32-banksy |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

== Political and social themes ==
[[File:Shop Until You Drop by Banksy.JPG|thumb|right|''Shop Until You Drop'' in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 204</ref>]]
{{Anti-consumerism |People}}
Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or [[guerrilla warfare]] that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy.<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy sees a social class component to this [[class struggle|struggle]], remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead."<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against people, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.<ref name = "HPBanksy" />

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including [[anti-war]], [[anti-consumerism]], [[anti-fascism]], [[anti-imperialism]], [[anti-authoritarianism]], [[anarchism]], [[nihilism]], and [[existentialism]]. Additionally, the components of the [[human condition]] that his works commonly critique are [[greed]], poverty, [[hypocrisy]], [[boredom]], [[Despair (emotion)|despair]], [[absurdity]], and [[Social alienation|alienation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jonathon |last=Keats |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |title=Why Banksy Deserves An Olympic Gold More Than Usain Bolt|magazine=Forbes |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207040214/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |archive-date=7 February 2013 }}</ref> Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 110</ref> While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."<ref>Banksy (2006), ''Wall and Piece'', Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 155</ref>

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work ''Show me the Monet'', Banksy explained:

{{blockquote|The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Show Me The Monet|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|access-date=23 May 2021|website=Sotheby's|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170236/https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

''Show me the Monet'' repurposes [[Claude Monet]]'s ''Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies'', with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.<ref name=":3" />

During the [[2017 United Kingdom general election]], Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy makes election print-for-vote offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |work=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604063123/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |archive-date=4 June 2017 }}</ref> According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the [[Avon and Somerset Constabulary]] announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected [[corrupt practice]] of bribery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |title= Police investigate Banksy offer for possible election fraud |date= 5 June 2017 |access-date=5 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605205118/http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 }}</ref> and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor |first1=Roisin |title=Banksy cancels General Election print giveaway after police launch investigation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622133206/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |archive-date=22 June 2017 }}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Banksy referenced medical advice to [[Isolation (health care)|self-isolate]] by creating an artwork in his bathroom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|title=Banksy follows stay-at-home orders and makes bathroom art during coronavirus crisis|date=17 April 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420195925/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Philanthropy and activism==
Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as ''[[Civilian Drone Strike (Banksy)|Civilian Drone Strike]]'', which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for [[Campaign Against Arms Trade]] and [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]]. It was part of the exhibition "Art the Arms Fair" set up in opposition to the [[DSEI]] arms fair.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |title=Banksy 'Civilian Drone Strike' piece raises £200k for anti-arms campaign groups |first=Chloe |last=Chaplin |date=17 September 2017 |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416100418/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, a sculpture titled ''Dream Boat'', which was exhibited in [[Dismaland]] in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |title=Banksy Is Raffling Off a Refugee Sculpture for Only $2.50, If You Can Correctly Guess Its Weight |first=Naomi |last=Rea |date=3 December 2018 |work=Artnet |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828031214/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, he produced artwork for the [[Greenpeace]] campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled ''The Banality of the Banality of Evil'' was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |title=Mystery surrounds collapse of Banksy sale to benefit Housing Works charity |first=Richard |last=Luscombe |date=9 November 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827182319/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled ''Mobile Lovers'' was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |title=Banksy has say over disputed Mobile Lovers artwork |date=7 May 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007192538/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |title=Banksy's Mobile Lovers: Youth club owner who sold artwork in Bristol receives death threats |first=Kashmira |last=Gander |date=27 August 2014 |work=The Independent |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013132621/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |title=Banksy to raise money for homeless charities |date=10 December 2019 |work=Irish News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619161523/https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including [[The Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |title=Palestine: Banksy art creates a new model of resistance |date=25 December 2019 |work=Gulf News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312191714/https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |title=New Banksy pro-Palestine artwork sparks spat with Israeli art collector |work=The New Arab |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926212600/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827191018/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003512/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a [[triptych]] titled ''[[Mediterranean Sea View 2017]]'', which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |title=Banksy auctions refugee paintings for £2.2m to aid Bethlehem hospital |date=28 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915073700/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy gifted a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints|Game Changer]]'' to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |title=Banksy Donates New Artwork Celebrating Health Care Workers to British Hospital |first=Tessa |last=Solomon |date=7 May 2020 |work=ARTnews |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919224849/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer"/>

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a [[Louise Michel (ship)|rescue boat]] to save refugees at risk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The former French Navy boat, renamed after [[Louise Michel]], has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |title=Banksy funds boat to rescue refugees at sea |date=28 August 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829000826/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Books ==
Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:
* ''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'' (2001). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-0-0}}.
* ''Existencilism'' (2002). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-1-7}}.
* ''Cut It Out'' (2004). {{ISBN|978-0-9544960-0-5}}.
* ''Pictures of Walls'' (2005). {{ISBN|978-0-9551946-0-3}}.
* ''Wall and Piece'' (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84413-786-2}}.
* ''You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat and if You Were Not You Would Know It (2012)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Banksy Books - A Buyer's Guide 2024 |url=https://alxandrws.com/list-of-banksy-books-a-buyers-guide/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=AlxAndrws |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'', ''Existencilism'', and ''Cut It Out'' were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction Publisher: Weapons of Mass Distraction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113239/https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction |date=24 October 2018 }}, Open Library. Retrieved 24 October 2018</ref>

''Pictures of Walls'' is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pictures of walls : around the world in eighty sprays.|date=2005|publisher=Pictures of Walls (POW)|isbn=978-0955194603|location=London|oclc=682533140}}</ref>

Banksy's ''Wall and Piece'' compiled large parts of the images and writings in his original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Wall and Piece|last=Banksy|date=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1844137862|location=London|oclc=62531942}}</ref> It was intended for mass print, and published by [[Random House]].<ref name=":0" />

The writings in his original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Banging your head against a brick wall|last=Banksy|date=2001|publisher=Weapons of Mass Disruption|isbn=978-0954170400|location=UK|oclc=51183909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Existencilism|last=Banksy|date=2002|publisher=Weapons of Mass Distraction|isbn=978-0954170417|location=UK|oclc=51183910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cut it out|last=Banksy|date=2004|publisher=Banksy|isbn=978-0954496005|location=UK|oclc=61519372|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cutitout00bank}}</ref> While the content in them was almost entirely kept in ''Wall and Piece'', the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Visual arts}}
* [[List of works by Banksy]]
* [[List of works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed]]
* [[List of urban artists]]
* [[Street installation]]
* [[Brandalism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|editor1-first=Mirko|editor1-last=Reisser|editor1-link=Mirko Reisser|editor2-first=Gerrit|editor2-last=Peters|editor3-first=Heiko|editor3-last=Zahlmann|title=Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|series=Urban Discipline: Graffiti-Art|volume=3|edition=1st|page=144|language=de|publisher=getting-up|location=Hamburg (Germany)|year=2002|isbn=978-3-00-009421-7|url={{Google books|Kv6zGfMIIP8C|Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|page=|plainurl=yes}}|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy's Bristol: home sweet home ; the unofficial guide |date=2008 |publisher=Tangent Books |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=2. reprint |location=Bristol |editor-last2=Wright |editor-first2=Steve}}
* Martin Bull, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vfnk4ROcGIEC ''Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London'']{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2006 – with new editions in 2007, 2008 and 2010), {{ISBN|978-0-9554712-4-7}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Blanché |first=Ulrich |title=Something to s(pr)ay: Der Street Artivist Banksy: eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung |date=2013 |publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-8288-2283-2 |edition=1. Auflage |location=Marburg}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ellsworth-Jones |first1=Will |title=Banksy: the man behind the wall |last2=Banksy |date=2012 |publisher=Aurum |isbn=978-1-84513-699-4 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: the Bristol legacy |date=2012 |publisher=Redcliffe |isbn=978-1-906593-96-4 |editor-last=Gough |editor-first=Paul |location=Bristol}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: you are an acceptable level of threat and if you were not, you would know about it |date=2013 |publisher=Carpet Bombing Culture |isbn=978-1-908211-08-8 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=4. |location=Darlington |editor-last2=Shove |editor-first2=Gary |editor-last3=Potter |editor-first3=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stallabrass|first= J.|title=Contemporary Art: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2020|isbn=9780192561282|location=United Kingdom}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dery|first=Mark|title=Culture Jamming: Activism and the Art of Cultural Resistance|publisher=NYU Press|year=2017|isbn=9781479879724|location=United States}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|d=Q133600|c=category:Banksy|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Prone to spam|date=February 2015}}

'''Official websites:'''
* {{Official website}}
* [https://pestcontroloffice.com Pest Control] – official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works
* {{instagram|banksy}}
* {{YouTube|h=banksyfilm}}

'''Slideshows and galleries:'''
* {{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Banksy - art of the state archive |url=https://www.artofthestate.co.uk/archive/banksy-2/banksy/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite news |title=Banksy |url=https://www.flickr.com/groups/banksy/pool/?rb=1 |access-date=2025-08-15 |work=Flickr |language=en-us}}
* {{Cite web |last=BBC |title=BBC - London - In Pictures - Banksy Gallery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/image_galleries/banksy_gallery.shtml |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}
* {{Cite news |date=2009-06-12 |title=In pictures: Banksy's Bristol show |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8096000/8096891.stm |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite web |title=Banksy Stencils on Resuable Mylar - Graffiti Stencils of Banksy Art |url=https://www.stencilrevolution.com/collections/banksy-stencils |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Stencil Revolution |language=en}}

'''News items'''
* [http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=760586 "Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural", Ma'an News Agency, April 21, 2015]{{404|date=August 2025}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Story Behind Banksy |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-behind-banksy-4310304/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}

{{Banksy|state=expanded}}
{{Culture in Bristol}}
{{Culture jamming}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Banksy| ]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century English painters]]
[[Category:English male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century English painters]]
[[Category:Culture jamming]]
[[Category:English activists]]
[[Category:English contemporary artists]]
[[Category:English film directors]]
[[Category:English satirists]]
[[Category:Satirical painters]]
[[Category:Guerrilla artists]]
[[Category:British political artists]]
[[Category:Pseudonymous artists]]
[[Category:Anti-consumerists]]
[[Category:Album-cover and concert-poster artists]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2000s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2010s]]
[[Category:Counterculture of the 2020s]]
[[Category:Unidentified British people]]

Banksy

2025-09-29T20:02:29Z

Notjamesbond: /* 2025–present */ added citation from Guardian to point about workmen covering up the work, removing the citation needed tag

{{Short description|Graffiti artist, political activist and painter}}
{{For|the payment processor|Banksys}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Banksy
| image = File:banksy-art.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Banksy art on [[Brick Lane]], [[East End of London]], 2004
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Street art]]
| training =
| movement = [[Graffiti]]
| works = ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''
| signature = Banksy signature-removebg-preview.png
| signature_type = [[Tag (graffiti)|Tag]]
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| patrons =
| awards =
| website = {{Ubl
| {{Official URL}}
| {{URL|pestcontroloffice.com}}
}}
}}

'''Banksy''' is a [[pseudonymous]] England-based [[street art]]ist, [[political activist]], and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Holzwarth|first1=Hans W.|title=100 Contemporary Artists A–Z |date=2009|publisher=Taschen|location=Köln|isbn=978-3-8365-1490-3|page=40|edition=Taschen's 25th anniversary special}}</ref> Active since the 1990s, his satirical [[street art]] and subversive [[epigram]]s combine [[black comedy|dark humour]] with [[graffiti]] executed in a distinctive [[Stencil graffiti|stencilling]] technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls, and bridges throughout the world.<ref>[http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ "The Banksy Paradox: 7 Sides to the World's Most Infamous Street Artist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402080538/http://weburbanist.com/2007/07/19/banksy-paradox-unofficial-guide-to-the-worlds-most-infamous-urban-guerilla-street-artist/ |date=2 April 2011 }}, 19 July 2007</ref> His work grew out of the [[Bristol underground scene]], which involved collaborations between artists and musicians.<ref name="tel_banksy">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html |title=Banksy: off the wall |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=24 June 2009 |last=Baker |first=Lindsay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413030104/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/3672135/Banksy-off-the-wall.html | archive-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> Banksy says that he was inspired by [[Robert Del Naja|3D]], a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group [[Massive Attack]].<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103163406/http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|archive-date=3 January 2012|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/QA/qaa.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|access-date=3 August 2013}}</ref>

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. He no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall on which they were painted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|title=Banksy fans fail to bite at street art auction|work=meeja.com.au|date=30 September 2008|access-date=30 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016145044/http://www.meeja.com.au/index.php?display_article_id=290|archive-date=16 October 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Much of his work can be classified as [[temporary art]].<ref name="Expose">{{cite web |title=Banksy: Temporary by Design |url=https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |website=Expose |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120033546/https://exepose.com/2018/11/30/banksy-temporary-by-design/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A small number of his works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency he created called Pest Control.<ref>Abrams, Loney, [https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 How Does Banksy Make Money? (Or, A Quick Lesson in Art Market Economics)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024152508/https://www.artspace.com/magazine/art_101/close_look/how-does-banksy-make-money-or-a-lesson-in-art-market-economics-55352 |date=24 October 2018 }}, ''Artspace'', 30 March 2018</ref> Banksy directed and starred in the documentary film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'', which made its debut at the 2010 [[Sundance Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |title=Banksy film to debut at Sundance |work=BBC News |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=12 April 2010 |author= |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331215252/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8471145.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2011, it was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|title=Banksy's Exit Through the Gift Shop up for Oscar award|date=25 January 2011|work=BBC Bristol|access-date=8 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421060515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_9373000/9373020.stm|archive-date=21 April 2017}}</ref> Banksy received the Webby Person of the Year award at the [[2014 Webby Awards]].<ref name="Webby">{{cite web|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |title=2014 Webby Awards Person of the Year |publisher=Webbyawards.com |access-date=30 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104957/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2014/special-achievement/webby-person-of-the-year/banksy |archive-date=31 May 2014 }}</ref>

== Identity ==
Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with [[Simon Hattenstone]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'', Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between [[Jimmy Nail]] and [[Mike Skinner (musician)|Mike Skinner]] of [[The Streets]]."<ref name="spray"/> An [[ITV News]] segment of 2003 featured a short interview with someone identified in the reporting as Banksy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 October 2022 |title=Is this Banksy? Forgotten interview with elusive graffiti artist uncovered from ITV tape vaults |url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[ITV News]] |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054204/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/2019-07-04/is-this-banksy-forgotten-interview-with-elusive-graffiti-artist-uncovered-from-itv-tape-vaults }}</ref> Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal".<ref name="spray">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|title=Something to spray|last=Hattenstone|first=Simon|date=17 July 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 January 2018|location=UK|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130013652/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2003/jul/17/art.artsfeatures|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly lived in [[Easton, Bristol|Easton]], Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.<ref name="birthdate2"/><ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', Property section, London, 7 July 2018, p. 5.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|title=Banksy: Map profiling backs theory that graffiti artist is Robin Gunningham|website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=7 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712162947/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-08/scientists-map-banksy-art-in-bid-to-find-artists-true-identity/7228052|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'' claimed in 2008 that Banksy is Robin Gunningham,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Banksy |url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |encyclopedia=[[The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |via=[[The Free Dictionary]] |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812010950/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Banksy |url-status=live }}</ref> born on 28 July 1974 in [[Yate]], {{convert|12|mi}} from [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129100919/http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02651/Southwest_England_2651416a.pdf|archive-date=29 January 2014|url-status=dead|publisher=Lonely Planet|title=Great Britain: Southwest England |edition=10th|date=2013|page=282}}</ref><ref name="birthdate">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|last=Adams|first=Tim|title=Banksy: The graffitist goes straight|newspaper=The Observer|date=14 June 2009|location=London|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=25 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033501/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/14/banksy-bristol-city-museum-exhibition|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="birthdate2">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|last=Hines|first=Nico|title=The Secret Life of the Real Banksy, Robin Gunningham|date=11 March 2016|access-date=24 July 2018|newspaper=The Daily Beast|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925115426/http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secret-life-of-the-real-banksy-robin-gunningham|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at [[Bristol Cathedral School]] have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the [[Queen Mary University of London]] using [[geographic profiling]] found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham.<ref name="tagging_banksy_independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|title=Banksy: Geographic profiling 'proves' artist really is Robin Gunningham, according to scientists|last1=Sherwin|first1=Adam|date=3 March 2016|work=Independent|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052043/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-geographic-profiling-proves-artist-really-is-robin-gunningham-according-to-scientists-a6909896.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tagging_banksy_paper">{{cite journal|last1=Hauge|first1=Michelle V.|last2=Stevenson|first2=Mark D.|last3=Rossmo|first3=D. Kim|last4=Le Comber|first4=Steven|date=3 March 2016|title=Tagging Banksy: using geographic profiling to investigate a modern art mystery|journal=Journal of Spatial Science|volume=61|issue=1|pages=185–190|doi=10.1080/14498596.2016.1138246|bibcode=2016JSpSc..61..185H|s2cid=130859901|url=http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111539/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12473|url-status=live| issn = 1449-8596}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663 "Banksy 'may abandon commercial art'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303003519/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24464663|date=3 March 2015}}. BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">[https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art "Banksy: the artist who's driven to the wall"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826004247/https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/apr/20/observer-profile-banksy-street-art|date=26 August 2016}}. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2015</ref> According to ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring Banksy's artwork from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with Gunningham's signature.<ref name="gillespie-20180805">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/art/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|title=Signed Banksy album artworks go up for sale|last=Gillespie|first=James|date=5 August 2018|website=The Sunday Times|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502072405/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/signed-banksy-album-artworks-go-up-forsale-xsj23zz2j|url-status=live}}</ref>
In June 2017, DJ [[Goldie]] referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|title=Did Goldie just reveal who Banksy is?|date=23 June 2017|access-date=24 July 2018|work=BBC News|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011051716/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40379603|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with the [[BBC]] in 2003, which was rediscovered in November 2023, reporter [[Nigel Wrench]] asked if Banksy is called Robert Banks; Banksy responded that his forename is Robbie.<ref name="BBC Nanji">{{cite news |last=Nanji |first=Noor |date=21 November 2023 |title=Banksy: Street artist confirms first name in lost BBC interview |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121203154/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-67449087 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC |location=UK}}</ref>

Other alternate speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:
* [[Robert Del Naja]] (also known as 3D), a member of the [[trip hop]] band [[Massive Attack]], had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|title=Is Banksy Actually Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja?|last1=Jenkins|first1=Nash|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030133/http://time.com/4477257/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack/|archive-date=4 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|title=Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack?|last1=Jaworski|first1=Michael|date=2 September 2016|website=The Daily Dot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903175804/http://www.dailydot.com/upstream/banksy-robert-del-naja-identity-theory/|archive-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
* In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former ''[[Art Attack]]'' presenter [[Neil Buchanan]] was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|title=Neil Buchanan: Former Art Attack host denies Banksy rumours|date=7 September 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907211226/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54061948|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in [[Pembroke Dock]], was rumoured to be Banksy. He resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Mr Banksy, I presume: the councillor who quit over claims he has a secret |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527184222/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/may/27/banksy-rumours-wales-councillor-billy-gannon-quit |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Alexander |first=Ella |date=20 October 2014 |title=Banksy not arrested: Internet duped by fake report claiming artist's identity revealed |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |access-date=1 May 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025514/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/banksy-arrest-hoax-internet-duped-fake-report-claiming-street-artist-s-identity-has-been-revealed-9806157.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
{{See also|List of works by Banksy}}

=== Early career (1990–2001) ===
[[File:Banksybomb.JPG|thumb|A Banksy work from the [[Bristol underground scene]]. The artwork was also produced as a series of screenprints titled Bomb Hugger in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Bombhugger Print {{!}} Meaning & History |url=https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Andipa Editions |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711124129/https://andipaeditions.com/bomb-hugger-by-banksy-meaning/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|alt=Banksy mural Bombhugger]]
Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994<ref name="WrightHome32">{{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Steve |first2=Richard |last2=Jones |first3=Trevor|last3=Wyatt|title=Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home |publisher=Tangent Books |location=Bath |date=28 November 2007 |page=32 |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4}}</ref> as one of [[Bristol]]'s DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |title=N-Igma fanzine showing examples of DBZ Graffiti tagged by Banksy, Kato and Tes |date=April 1999 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403065449/http://www.graffiti.org/dj/n-igma3/uk1.html |archive-date=3 April 2007 }}</ref> He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger [[Bristol underground scene]] with [[Nick Walker (artist)|Nick Walker]], [[Inkie]] and [[Robert Del Naja|3D]].<ref name="bbc street art show comes to Bristol">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |title=Street art show comes to Bristol |work=BBC News |date=9 February 2009 |access-date=31 August 2011 |quote=Street art [...] erupted in the UK in the early 1980s [...] active on the Bristol scene at that time included Banksy, Nick Walker, Inkie and Robert del Naja, or '3D', of Massive Attack. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_7879000/7879064.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name="sky banksy art auctions">{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |title=Banksy Hits Out at Street Art Auctions |publisher=[[Sky News]] |date=6 February 2008 |access-date=31 August 2011 |author=Reid, Julia |location=London |quote=Along with Banksy, Bristol's graffiti heritage includes 3D, who went on to form Massive Attack, Inkie, and one of the original stencil artists Nick Walker. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117022803/http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/1304043 |archive-date=17 November 2011 }}</ref> During this time he met Bristol photographer [[Steve Lazarides]], who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent.<ref name="FT urban renewal">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |title=Urban Renewal: Steve Lazarides continues to expand his street art empire |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=28 January 2011 |access-date=4 November 2013 |author=Child, Andrew |location=London |quote=He had discovered Banksy on a chance photo shoot in Bristol in 2001 while working as picture editor of Sleaze Nation magazine, and brought him to public attention along with a roster of other urban artists... Lazarides and Banksy parted company in 2009, a mysterious split about which both parties have remained tight-lipped. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328214441/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/2e9b2d04-2a62-11e0-804a-00144feab49a.html |archive-date=28 March 2014 }}</ref> By 2000 he had turned to the art of [[stencil]]ling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number<ref name="wallandpiece">{{cite book |last=Banksy |title=Wall and Piece |publisher=[[Random House]] |url=http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |access-date=19 September 2006 |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928183419/http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/banksy/ |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.<ref name="wallandpiece" /> He was the [[Goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]] for the [[Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls]] football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001.<ref name="bbc onyangaomara 2012">{{cite news|last=Onyanga-Omara |first=Jane |title=Banksy in goal: The story of the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |access-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=14 September 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916215025/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-19410566 |archive-date=16 September 2012 }}</ref> Banksy's first known large wall mural was ''[[The Mild Mild West]]'' painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a [[teddy bear]] lobbing a [[Molotov cocktail]] at three [[riot police]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |title=Banksy's mild mild west piece, Stokes Croft, Bristol |publisher=Bristol-street-art.co.uk |date=27 November 2008 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183319/http://www.bristol-street-art.co.uk/gallery/photo/mild-mild-west-banksy |archive-date=16 April 2014 }}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]], [[Anti-capitalism|anti-capitalist]], or [[anti-establishment]]. Subjects often include rats, [[ape]]s, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

=== Exhibitions (2002–2003) ===
On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, a tiny [[Silver Lake, Los Angeles|Silver Lake]] venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|title=Existencilism. Los Angeles, July 2002.|date=16 April 2017|website=Banksy Unofficial|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150316/https://banksyunofficial.com/2017/04/16/existencilism-los-angeles-june-19-2002/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|title=Banksy – Smiley Copper H|website=Phillips|language=en|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226150839/https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/EX010319/15|url-status=live}}</ref> The exhibition, entitled ''Existencilism'', ''"an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness"'' was curated by 33{{fraction|1|3}} Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |title=Banksy Existencilism Book |work=Art of the State |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204070348/http://www.artofthestate.co.uk/banksy/Banksy_Existencilism_book.htm |archive-date=4 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, and Coleman.<ref name=":1" /> Some of the paintings exhibited included ''Smiley Copper H'' (2002), ''Leopard and Barcode'' (2002), ''Bomb Hugger'' (2002), and ''Love Is in the Air'' (2002).<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|title=First time at auction for Banksy's 2002 art work, Leopard and Barcode, at Bonhams Urban art sale|website=artdaily.cc|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052958/https://artdaily.cc/news/54039/First-time-at-auction-for-Banksy-s-2002-art-work--Leopard-and-Barcode--at-Bonhams-Urban-art-sale|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bethlehem Banksy.jpg|thumb|Banksy mural in [[Bethlehem]], [[West Bank]], Palestine]]

In 2003, at an exhibition called ''[[Turf War (Banksy)|Turf War]]'', held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's [[Nigel Wrench]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy's Bristol |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |website=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065330/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/05/27/banksy_interviews_feature.shtml |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref> Although the [[RSPCA]] declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm |title=Animals sprayed by graffiti artist |work=BBC News |date=18 July 2003 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005173441/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/3077217.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref> An example of his [[Subversion (politics)|subverted]] paintings is [[Monet]]'s ''[[Water Lilies (Monet series)|Water Lily Pond]]'', adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a [[shopping trolley]] floating in its reflective waters; another is [[Edward Hopper]]'s ''[[Nighthawks (painting)|Nighthawks]]'', redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his [[Union Flag]] underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |title=Banksy Show Tonight in London |date=13 October 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111130101/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/10/banksy_show_tonight_in_london.html |archive-date=11 November 2006 }}</ref>

Banksy, along with [[Shepard Fairey]], Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in [[Alexandria, New South Wales|Alexandria, Sydney]], for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

=== £10 notes to ''Barely Legal'' (2004–2006) ===
[[File:Banksy Hitchhiker to Anywhere Archway 2005.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A stencil of [[Charles Manson]] in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, [[Archway, London]]]]
In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mix|first=Elizabeth|year=2011|title=Bansky|journal=Grove Art Online|doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T2093940}}</ref> replacing the picture of the Queen's head with [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]'s head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at [[Notting Hill Carnival]] that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on [[eBay]]. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the ''[[NME]]'' signing tent at the [[Reading and Leeds Festivals|Reading Festival]]. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at [[Bonhams]] auction house in London for £24,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy print donated to Bristol arts venue, The Cube |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=20 May 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925224121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-24701608 |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}</ref>

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence ([[Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981|s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981]]). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reinhard|first=Andrew|year=2016|title=ANS Acquires Authentic Banksy £10 Diana Note|url=http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|access-date=10 May 2021|website=American Numismatic Society Blog|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511211945/http://numismatics.org/pocketchange/banksy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981, s.18|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|access-date=10 May 2021|website=legislation.gov.uk|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510171607/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/45/section/18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled ''Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling).'' In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of [[Phan Thi Kim Phuc]], a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph "[[The Terror of War]]" by [[Nick Ut]]. ''Napalm'' shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of ''Napalm''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 Things To Know About Banksy's Napalm|url=https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=MyArtBroker|language=en-GB|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123230920/https://www.myartbroker.com/artist/banksy/10-things-to-know-about-banksys-napalm/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tichy|first=Anna|year=2021|title=Banksy: Artist, Prankster, or Both?|journal=New York Law School Law Review|volume=65 |pages=81–103|issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Friedman|first=Jacob|title=Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling)|url=https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/|url-status=usurped|access-date=2021-11-23|website=Hexagon Gallery|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224456/https://hexagongallery.com/catalog/artist/banksy/napalm-cant-beat-that-feeling/ |archive-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref>

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the [[Palestinian territories]], created nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier|Israeli West Bank wall]].<ref name="JonesIsrael">{{cite news|first=Sam |last=Jones |url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1543171,00.html |title=Spray can prankster tackles Israel's security barrier |date=5 August 2005 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004133921/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0%2C11711%2C1543171%2C00.html |archive-date=4 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{quote box
| quote = There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.
| source = Banksy<ref name="HPBanksy">[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html Banksy Graffiti: A Book About The Thinking Street Artist] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118130547/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/banksy-graffiti-book_n_1827644.html |date=18 November 2013 }} by ''[[The Huffington Post]]'', 30 August 2012</ref>
| align = right
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}}

Banksy held an exhibition called ''[[Barely Legal (Banksy)|Barely Legal]]'', billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live "[[elephant in the room|elephant in a room]]", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from [[animal rights]] activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |title=Banksy's painted elephant is illegal, say officials |author=Oliver, Mark |date=18 September 2006 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |access-date=20 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230158/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/sep/18/arts.artsnews |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy also made artwork displaying [[Queen Victoria]] as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by [[Andy Warhol]] and [[Leonardo da Vinci]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |title='Guerrilla artist' Banksy hits LA |work=BBC News |date=14 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |first=Peter |last=Bowes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312143923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5344676.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref>

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for [[Keep Britain Tidy]], asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |title=Banksy biography |work=Brian Sewell Art Directory (briansewell.com) |date=4 August 2005 |access-date=26 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215230943/http://briansewell.com/artist/b-artist/banksy/banksy-biography.html |archive-date=15 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere" />

=== Banksy effect (2006–2007) ===
[[File:Banksy-ps.jpg|thumb|upright|right|''[[Well Hung Lover|Naked Man]]'' image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/5346822.stm |title=UK, Magazine, Faces of the week |work=BBC News |date=15 September 2006 |access-date=12 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306192610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5346822.stm |archive-date=6 March 2009 }}</ref> in [[Park Street, Bristol]]. Following popular support, the City Council decided it will be allowed to remain. ([[:File:banksy.in.bristols.park.street.longshot.arp.jpg|wider view]])]]

After [[Christina Aguilera]] bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece|title=Aguilera invests £25,000 in Banksy |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=6 April 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 | first=Matthew | last=Beard| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060907055717/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article356015.ece| archive-date= 7 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref> on 19 October 2006, a set of [[Kate Moss]] paintings sold in [[Sotheby's]] London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of [[Andy Warhol]]'s [[Marilyn Diptych|Marilyn Monroe pictures]], sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |title=Banksy works set auction record |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=20 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209131916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6069384.stm |archive-date=9 February 2007 }}</ref>
In December, journalist [[Max Foster]] coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |title=Your World Today (Transcript) |publisher=CNN |date=4 December 2006 |access-date=26 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710034649/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0612/04/ywt.01.html |archive-date=10 July 2009 }} "Banksy Effect" mentioned near end.</ref>

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for ''[[Bombing Middle England]]''. Two of his other graffiti works, ''[[Girl with Balloon]]'' and ''[[Bomb Hugger]]'', sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |title=British graffiti artist joins elite in record sale |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=8 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109224649/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSL0710535520070207 |archive-date=9 January 2009 }}</ref> The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: ''[[Ballerina with Action Man Parts]]'' reached £96,000; ''[[Glory (Banksy)|Glory]]'' sold for £72,000; ''[[Untitled (2004)]]'' sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html |title=Sotheby's makes a killing from Banksy's guerrilla artworks |first=Geneviève |last=Roberts |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=19 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221123459/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/sothebys-makes-a-killing-from-banksys-guerrilla-artworks-432756.html| archive-date= 21 February 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."<ref name="NYBanksyWasHere">{{cite magazine|last=Collins |first=Lauren |url=https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all |title=Banksy Was Here: The invisible man of graffiti art |magazine=The New Yorker |date=14 May 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230190402/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/05/14/070514fa_fact_collins?currentPage=all| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in [[Bristol]] decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/6351467.stm |title=Free house as part of mural sale |work=BBC News |date=12 February 2007 |access-date=12 February 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070213055359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/6351467.stm| archive-date= 13 February 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2007, [[Transport for London]] painted over Banksy's [[Pulp Fiction (Banksy)|image]] of a scene from [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994), featuring [[Samuel L. Jackson]] and [[John Travolta]] clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6575345.stm |title=Iconic Banksy image painted over |work=BBC News |date=20 April 2007 |access-date=20 April 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070525234557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6575345.stm| archive-date= 25 May 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second ''Pulp Fiction'' work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in [[Barking, London|Barking]], east London on 12 January 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |title=Blood on the tracks |first=Esther |last=Addley |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=26 January 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021133537/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/jan/20/ukcrime.prisonsandprobation |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:
[[File:Ozone's Angel.jpg|thumb|left|''Ozone's Angel'']]
{{blockquote|The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone—rest in peace.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bull|first=Martin|title=Banksy Locations & Tours: A collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London, England|year=2011|publisher=PM Press|isbn=978-1-60486-320-8}}</ref>}}

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work ''[[Space Girl and Bird]]'' fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at [[Bonhams]] of London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425 |title=Reuters UK: Elusive artist Banksy sets record price |work=Reuters.com |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=26 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230165901/http://uk.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUKL2531915420070425| archive-date= 30 December 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's [[Greatest Britons|Greatest living Briton]]. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status.
On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's ''[[The Drinker (Banksy)|The Drinker]]'' had been stolen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy Statue Stolen |url=http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |work=[[Stranger (magazine)|Stranger]] |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608161006/http://www.stranger-mag.com/news/ear-to-the-ground/banksy-statue-stolen.html |archive-date=8 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1184233,00.html |title=But is it kidnap? |first=Simon |last=Hattenstone |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=2 April 2004 |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625121937/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0%2C%2C1184233%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0,,30100-1289548,00.html ''Guerilla Artist,''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026021115/http://news.sky.com/skynews/picture_gallery/0%2C%2C30100-1289548%2C00.html |date=26 October 2007 }} Sky News, 24 October 2007</ref>

Banksy has published a "[[manifesto]]" on his website.<ref name=manifesto>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050119032828/http://www.banksy.co.uk/manifesto/index.html|archive-date=19 January 2005|title=Camp}}</ref> The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Mervin Willett Gonin, [[Distinguished Service Order|DSO]], which is exhibited in the [[Imperial War Museum]]. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free [[George Davis (armed robber)|George Davis]] from imprisonment.<ref name=manifesto /> By 12 August 2009 he was relying on [[Emo Philips]]' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness."
A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie ''[[Children of Men]]'', including a stencilled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |publisher=Contact Music |access-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222013559/http://www.contactmusic.com/banksy |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts, etc.)",<ref>{{cite web| title= A message from Banksy's lawyer| url= http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| access-date= 28 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101026144455/http://www.banksy.co.uk/shop/index.html| archive-date= 26 October 2010| url-status=dead| df= dmy-all}}</ref> claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banksy Pans His First New York Show |work=Artinfo |publisher=[[Louise Blouin Media]] |date=7 December 2007 |url=http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916225635/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/26312/banksy-pans-his-first-new-york-show/ |archive-date=16 September 2008 }}</ref>

=== 2008 ===
[[File:Banksy Swinger Building Detail.jpg|thumb|left|Banksy ''Swinger'' in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]]]
In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled ''[[Fragile Silence]]'', done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trailer a Banksy treasure|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|access-date=17 December 2015|publisher=BBC|date=6 March 2008|archive-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225065958/http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2008/06/03/arts_banksy_20080603_feature.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the [[Glastonbury Festival]]. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobile 'art house' for sale |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |work=BBC News |date=3 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728111628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7433882.stm |archive-date=28 July 2013 }}</ref>

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on [[Thames Water]] tower in the middle of the [[Holland Park Avenue|Holland Park roundabout]], and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this—Society!" in bright orange. [[London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham]] spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |title=Banksy must have an Oyster card. He's gone west! |work=The London Paper |date=11 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314012848/http://thelondonpaper.typepad.com/thelondonblog/2008/03/banksy-must-hav.html |archive-date=14 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of [[Hurricane Katrina]] and the associated [[2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans|levee failure disaster]], Banksy produced a series of works in [[New Orleans]], Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |title=Banksy Paints Murals in New Orleans To Mark Hurricane Katrina Anniversary; Gallery 'Banksy Art in Big Easy' |publisher=Sky News |date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206033907/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Banksy-Paints-Murals-In-New-Orleans-To-Mark-Hurricane-Katrina-Anniversary/Media-Gallery/200808415088995?lpos=World+News_0&lid=GALLERY_15088995_Banksy+Paints+Murals+In+New+Orleans+To+Mark+Hurricane+Katrina+Anniversary |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref>

[[File:No Loitering Banksy.jpg|thumb|Work on building in the [[Lower Ninth Ward]] of New Orleans, August 2008]]

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the [[Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama|Ensley]] neighbourhood of [[Birmingham, Alabama]] on 29 August as [[Hurricane Gustav]] approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.<ref name=WoosterCollective>[http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama Banksy's Road Trip Continues: Takes On The KKK In Birmingham, Alabama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021203209/http://www.woostercollective.com/post/banksys-road-trip-continues-takes-on-the-kkk-in-birmingham-alabama |date=21 October 2013 }}, Marc Schiller, ''[[Wooster Collective]]''</ref>
His first official exhibition in New York City, ''[[The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill]]'', opened 5 October 2008. The [[Audio-Animatronics|animatronic]] pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby [[Chicken McNuggets]] as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.<ref name=NYOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |title=Where Fish Sticks Swim Free and Chicken Nuggets Self-Dip |work=The New York Times |first=Melena |last=Ryzik |date=9 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609070832/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/arts/design/09publ.html |archive-date=9 June 2016 }}</ref>

The [[Westminster City Council]] stated in October 2008 that the work ''[[One Nation Under CCTV]]'', painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told ''The Times'' newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art."<ref name=SMHOct2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |title=Banksy art is graffiti, rules town hall |date=24 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331152752/http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/banksy-art-is-graffiti-rules-council/2008/10/24/1224351528852.html |archive-date=31 March 2013 }}</ref> The work was painted over in April 2009.
In December 2008, ''The Little Diver'', a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear [[perspex]]; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.<ref name=TheAgeDec2008>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |work=The Age |location=Australia |title=The painter painted: Melbourne loses its treasured Banksy |date=14 December 2008 |first=Janae |last=Houghton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324071147/http://www.theage.com.au/national/the-painter-painted-melbourne-loses-its-treasured-banksy-20081213-6xzy.html |archive-date=24 March 2011 }}</ref>

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of [[Blek le Rat]], who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery. Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art,<ref name=Coan>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |location=London |work=The Independent |title=Blek le Rat: This is not a Banksy |date=19 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808032756/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/blek-le-rat-this-is-not-a-banksy-811130.html |archive-date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> but said in an interview for the documentary ''Graffiti Wars'' that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."<ref>{{cite news|author=Wells, Jeff|date=15 August 2011|title=Guerrilla artists at war over style accusations|newspaper=[[Western Daily Press]]|page=3}}</ref>

==== The Cans Festival (2008) ====
In London, over the weekend 3–5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called ''The Cans Festival''. It was situated on [[Leake Street]], a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath [[London Waterloo station]]. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |title=Tunnel becomes Banksy art exhibit |date=2 May 2008 |work=BBC News |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617194911/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7377622.stm |archive-date=17 June 2009 }}</ref> Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.<ref>{{cite news | title = Banksy Hosts The Cans Festival | url = http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | publisher = Cool Hunting | date = 6 May 2008 | access-date = 17 May 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184925/http://www.coolhunting.com/archives/2008/05/banksy-cans-festival.php | archive-date = 11 May 2008 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== 2009 ===
[[File:King Robbo.jpg|thumb|The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by [[King Robbo|Robbo]] in Camden, London, allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation]]
In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent [[Steve Lazarides]] and announced that Pest Control,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pestcontroloffice.com/faq.asp|title=What is Pest Control? |publisher=Pest Control Office |access-date=23 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131223445/http://pestcontroloffice.com/whatispco.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 }}</ref> the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works.
On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at [[Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]], featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.<ref>
{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy's homecoming reviewed |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=12 June 2009 |access-date=14 June 2009 |last=Cafe |first=Rebecca | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum|title=Take a stuffy old institution. Remix. Add wit. It's Banksy v the museum|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=13 June 2009|work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=13 June 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090615161052/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/jun/13/banksy-bristol-city-museum| archive-date= 15 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html |title=Thousands flock to Banksy show in Bristol|date=15 June 2009 |work=Bristol Evening Post |publisher=Bristol News and Media |access-date=15 June 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090618140338/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/homepage/Thousands-flock-Banksy-Bristol/article-1075613-detail/article.html| archive-date= 18 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |title=Banksy art show draws in 300,000 |work=BBC Bristol |publisher=BBC |date=31 August 2009 |access-date=31 August 2009 |first=Rebecca |last=Cafe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615142841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8097000/8097022.stm |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref>
In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 [[Blur (band)|Blur]] single "[[Crazy Beat]]" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |title=Blur Banksy is ruined by mistake |work=BBC News |date=5 September 2009 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023514/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8238896.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the [[2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming", with the words being submerged in water.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8425397.stm Banksy art tackles global warming] . ''BBC News''. 21 December 2009.</ref>
A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and [[King Robbo]] broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.<ref name="indy">{{cite web
|url=http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|title=My Graffiti War with Banksy By King Robbo
|author=Fuertes-Knight, Jo
|work=Sabotage Times
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819215549/http://www.sabotagetimes.com/people/my-graffiti-war-with-banksy-by-king-robbo/
|archive-date=19 August 2011
|access-date=15 August 2011
}}</ref>

=== ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' and United States (2010) ===
The world premiere of the film ''[[Exit Through the Gift Shop]]'' took place at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] in [[Park City, Utah]], on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and [[Salt Lake City]] to tie in with the screening.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_14232591 |title=Famous 'tagger' Banksy strikes in Utah |first=Sean P. |last=Means| work=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=21 January 2010 |access-date=21 January 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124082724/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_14232591| archive-date= 24 January 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> In February, [[The Whitehouse (pub)|The Whitehouse]] public house in [[Liverpool]], England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.<ref name="liverpooldailypost">{{cite web|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |title=Liverpool Banksy rat pub building sold for £114,000 at auction |date=18 February 2010 |work=The Liverpool Daily Post |author=Sharpe, Laura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909175312/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2010/02/18/liverpool-banksy-rat-pub-building-sold-for-114-000-at-auction-100252-25864205/ |archive-date=9 September 2010 }}</ref>

In March 2010, a modified version of the work ''[[Forgive Us Our Trespassing]]''–a kneeling boy with a spray-painted [[Halo (religious iconography)|halo]]–was displayed at [[London Bridge Station]] on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground.<ref name="BBCBanksy">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8573323.stm |title=London Underground Banksy work regains its halo |work=BBC News |date=17 March 2010 |access-date=25 December 2011 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418032701/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8573323.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.<ref name="BBCBanksy"/><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo-6751715.html
|title=Underground mystery as Banksy work regains its halo|work=London Evening Standard|date=17 March 2010|access-date=25 December 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529020034/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23816233-underground-mystery-as-banksy-work-regains-its-halo.do |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>

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| quote = Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.
| source = [[Shepard Fairey]] in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine on Banksy's entry in the [[Time 100]] list, April 2010<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fairy |first1=Shephard |title=Time 100: Banksy |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1984685_1984940_1984945,00.html |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |issue=20 May 2015 |date=29 April 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518011845/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1984685_1984940_1984945%2C00.html |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
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In April, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| title=Street Artist Banksy Marks the Mission |access-date=27 April 2010|work=The San Francisco Chronicle | date=23 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100428215041/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/inthemission/detail?entry_id=62063| archive-date= 28 April 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy reportedly paid a [[Chinatown, San Francisco|San Francisco Chinatown]] building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.<ref>[http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco/ Banksy in San Francisco | San Francisco Luxury Living] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427043450/http://sfluxe.com/2010/04/24/banksy-in-san-francisco |date=27 April 2010 }}. Sfluxe.com (24 April 2010). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref>
In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| title=Banksy comes to Toronto |access-date=9 May 2010|work=Torontoist| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100512044227/http://torontoist.com/2010/05/banksy_comes_to_toronto.php| archive-date= 12 May 2010| url-status=live| date=9 May 2010 }}</ref>

In May, to coincide with the premiere of ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren.<ref name="Wright-2010">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |title=Banksy Leaves a Rat in Warren and a Diamond in Detroit |author=Wright, Travis R |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=14 March 2011 |publisher=Metro Times blogs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119015819/http://blogs.metrotimes.com/index.php/2010/05/mt-exclusive-banksy-leaves-a-rat-in-warren-and-a-diamond-in-detroit |archive-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref> Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. The gallery claimed that they did not intend to sell the work, but planned to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery. It was later sold in 2015 for $137,500.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |title=Graffiti artist Banksy leaves mark on Detroit and ignites firestorm |first=Mark |last=Stryker |work=Detroit Free Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518065058/http://www.freep.com/article/20100515/ENT05/100514077/Graffiti-artist-Banksy-leaves-mark-on-Detroit-and-ignites-firestorm |archive-date=18 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Detroit mural created by Banksy sells for $137,500 | date=October 1, 2015 | url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/detroit-mural-created-by-banksy-sells-for-137500 | work=fox2detroit.com }}</ref> There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as ''Diamond Girl''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |date=12 May 2010 |work=Detroit Moxie |title=Street Artist Banksy Tags Detroit |first=Becks |last=Davis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516031000/http://www.detroitmoxie.com/home/2010/5/12/street-artist-banksy-tags-detroit.html |archive-date=16 May 2010 }}</ref> While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in [[Chinatown, Boston]], known as [[Follow Your Dreams (Banksy)|Follow Your Dreams]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy makes his mark across America |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=21 April 2020 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613131637/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/banksy-makes-his-mark-across-america-1993251.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late January 2011, ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711102803/http://oscar.go.com/nominations/category/documentary-feature/synopsis/exit-through-the-gift-shop/687163 Banksy nominated for Oscar]. Oscar.go.com. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me."<ref>[https://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 Banksy statement to Oscar nomination] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301013901/http://www.nme.com/movies/news/banksy-welcomes-oscar-nomination-for-exit-through-the-gift-shop/203819 |date=1 March 2011 }}. Nme.com (27 January 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' did not win the award, which went to ''[[Inside Job (2010 film)|Inside Job]]''. In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in [[Weston-super-Mare]], UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's (''The King's Speech'' co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue.<ref>[http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html Banksy responds to Oscars] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311091129/http://swns.com/banksy-pays-tribute-to-oscar-dropping-child-with-new-artwork-091535.html |date=11 March 2011 }}. Swns.com (9 March 2011). Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> ''Exit Through the Gift Shop'' was broadcast on British public television station [[Channel 4]] on 13 August 2011 as part of a night of other shows compiled by Banksy.

Banksy was credited with the opening [[couch gag]] for the 2010 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[MoneyBart]]", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program.<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513 |title= Banksy creates new Simpsons title sequence|access-date=12 October 2010|work=BBC News | date=11 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11510513| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on his website.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110126164711/http://www.banksy.co.uk/indoors/simp.html Original Storyboard] from banksy.co.uk, archived at web.archive.org</ref> According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department". Executive director [[Al Jean]] jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."<ref name="BBCNews11OCt2010" />

=== 2011–2013 ===
In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking [[petrol bomb]] contained in a '[[Tesco Value]]' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each. In December, he unveiled ''[[Cardinal Sin (Banksy)|Cardinal Sin]]'' at the [[Walker Art Gallery]], Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a pixelated effect, was a statement on the [[child abuse]] scandal in the Catholic Church.<ref name="BBCNews15Dec2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |work=BBC News |title=Banksy unveils church abuse work |date=15 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216045542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16184773 |archive-date=16 December 2011 }}</ref>

In May 2012 his ''[[Parachuting Rat]]'', painted in [[Melbourne]] in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 "Banksy rat destroyed by builders"]. ''ABC News'' (Australia) (16 May 2012). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517061252/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-16/melbourne-builder-destroys-banksy-art/4014514 |date=17 May 2012 }}. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref> In July, prior to the [[2012 Olympic Games]] Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654 "London 2012: Banksy and street artists' Olympic graffiti"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18946654]. ''BBC News'' (24 July 2012).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |title=British Graffiti artist Banksy in Olympics controversy |work=Ahram Online |date=27 July 2012 |access-date=30 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315000629/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/0/48809/Arts--Culture/0/British-Grafitti-artist-Banksy-in-Olympics-controv.aspx/ |archive-date=15 March 2014 }}</ref>

On 18 February 2013, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the [[Slave Labour (mural)|''Slave Labour'' mural]] portraying a young child sewing [[Union Flag]] bunting (created around the time of the [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]]), had been removed from the side of a [[Poundland]] store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261 "Banksy mural vanishes from London, appears at US auction"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21497261] ''BBC News'' (18 February 2013). Retrieved 18 February 2013.</ref> On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami withdrew the work of art from the sale.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042 "Taken Banksy is withdrawn from sale"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-21562042]. ''BBC News'' (24 February 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref>

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378 "Banksy Slave Labour mural up for auction again"]. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22492378] ''BBC News'' (11 May 2013). Retrieved 3 January 2014.</ref> On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle ''Better Out Than In''.

Much criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as [[TrustoCorp]], criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |title=Art or Act? New Yorkers Give Banksy Residency Mixed Reviews |work=NPR |access-date=4 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102230024/http://www.npr.org/2013/10/31/242028452/art-or-act-banksys-reviews-are-mixed |archive-date=2 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |magazine=Time |title=Making Sense of the Banksy Backlash |date=16 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926010033/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/10/16/making-sense-of-the-banksy-backlash/ |archive-date=26 September 2015 }}</ref> In his column for ''[[The Guardian]]'', satirist [[Charlie Brooker]] wrote in 2006 that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |title=Supposing ... Subversive genius Banksy is actually rubbish |first=Charlie |last=Brooker |work=The Guardian |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=31 January 2011 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002181851/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/sep/22/arts.visualarts |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>

==== ''Better Out Than In'' (2013) ====
{{Main|Better Out Than In}}

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of [[New York City|New York [City]]]", for which he opened a separate website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |title=Better Out Than In |author=Banksy |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018094050/http://www.banksy.co.uk/ |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> and granted an interview to ''[[The Village Voice]]'' via his publicist.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hamilton |first=Keegan |title=An Interview With Banksy, Street Art Cult Hero, International Man of Mystery |newspaper=The Village Voice |date=9 October 2013 |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009092554/http://www.villagevoice.com/2013-10-09/art/banksy-better-out-than-in-new-york-residency-street-art-graffiti/3/ |archive-date=9 October 2013 }}</ref>

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on [[Fifth Avenue]] near [[Central Park]] on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was staffed by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |title=Banksy stall sells art works for $60 in New York |work=BBC News |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017182807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-24518315 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |title=Banksy: I Sold Original Artwork for $60 in NYC |work=ABC News |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017132744/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/banksy-sold-original-artwork-60-nyc-20562101 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |title=Graffiti artist Banksy says he offered $60 paintings in Central Park |publisher=CNN |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006151409/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/14/living/banksy-street-art-sale/?hpt=hp_c3 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |title=Two of Banksy's Central Park 'Spray Art' Canvases Sell for $214,000 at Auction |work=ANIMAL |access-date=12 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220061340/http://animalnewyork.com/2014/two-banksys-central-park-spray-art-canvases-sell-214000-auction/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref>

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then-[[New York City Mayor]] [[Michael Bloomberg]], who had led a citywide [[graffiti]] cleanup operation in 2002, said he did not consider graffiti a form of art.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg says Banksy doesn't fit his definition of art |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918002747/https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/16/4845692/nyc-mayor-michael-bloomberg-says-banksy-doesnt-fit-his-definition-of |url-status=live }}</ref> One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of [[Ronald McDonald]] and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in [[Queens]] but moved outside a different [[McDonald's]] around the city every day.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grant |first=Drew |url=http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |title=Banksy Unveils 'Shoeshine Boy' at McDonald's |newspaper=The New York Observer |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017021138/http://observer.com/2013/10/banksys-ronald-mcdonald-statue-and-live-shoeshine-boy-take-manhattan/ |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |title=Banksy attacks McDonald's in new sculpture |first=Liam |last=O'Brien |date=17 October 2013 |work=The Independent |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018091258/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-attacks-mcdonalds-in-new-sculpture-8887022.html |archive-date=18 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |title=Banksy gives Ronald McDonald's clown shoes a shine |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |work=The Guardian |date=17 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093648/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2013/oct/17/banksy-mcdonalds-new-york |archive-date=2 February 2017 }}</ref> Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated [[Dumbo]]; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000.<ref name=cnn>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |title=Banksy bids farewell to New York with balloons |first=Chris |last=Boyette |work=CNN |date=1 November 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103215341/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/31/us/new-york-banksy-residency-ends/ |archive-date=3 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |title=Banksy's Nazi-Doctored Painting Raises $615,000 Online |first=Katya |last=Kazakina |date=1 November 2013 |work=Blomberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024010306/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-30/banksy-donates-nazi-doctored-landscape-to-help-aids-group.html |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref> Banksy also posted a mock-up of a ''[[New York Times]]'' [[op-ed]] attacking the design of the [[One World Trade Center]] after the ''Times'' rejected his submission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |title=Banksy Bashes One World Trade Center In Rejected New York Times Op-Ed |work=HuffPost |date=28 October 2013 |first=Inae |last=Oh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104111213/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/banksy-one-world-trade-center_n_4169568.html |archive-date=4 January 2014 }}</ref> The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013;<ref name=cnn/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |title=Banksy in New York pictures |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=31 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226071449/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturepicturegalleries/10353135/Banksy-in-New-York-pictures.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref> many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |title=Banksy sphinx sculpture stolen in New York |first=Alice |last=Vincent |date=23 October 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226084923/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/10398575/Banksy-sphinx-sculpture-stolen-in-New-York.html |archive-date=26 February 2014 }}</ref>

=== 2015–2018 ===
In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled ''Make this the year '''YOU''' discover a new destination'' about his trip to the [[Gaza Strip]]. During the visit, he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website—but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to ''[[The New York Times]]'' his publicist said,

{{blockquote|I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future—what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy's Murals Turn Up In Gaza Strip |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |work=[[NPR]] |date=26 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228151348/http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389284591/banksys-murals-turn-up-in-gaza-strip |archive-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref>}}

[[File:Dismaland overview 01-02 combined.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in [[Weston-super-Mare]]]]

Banksy opened [[Dismaland]], a large-scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in [[Weston-super-Mare]], United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212034/http://www.dismaland.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |title=Banksy's Dismaland: fans express frustration over crashing website |last=Brown |first=Mark |date=21 August 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821164122/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/aug/21/banksy-dismaland-graffiti-art-market-capitalism-creativity |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include [[Damien Hirst]] and [[Jenny Holzer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dismaland |url=http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |website=Dismaland |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821005854/http://dismaland.co.uk/artists/ |archive-date=21 August 2015 }}</ref> In December, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of [[Calais]], France, including the so-called "[[Calais jungle|Jungle]]" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, ''[[The Son of a Migrant from Syria]]'', depicts [[Steve Jobs]] as a migrant.<ref name=stevejobs>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |title=Banksy work in Calais 'Jungle' shows Steve Jobs as migrant |work=BBC News |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212103238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35076976 |archive-date=12 December 2015 }}</ref>

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the [[Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]]. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms faces the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|title=The Walled Off Hotel|website=walledoffhotel.com|access-date=14 March 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218150519/http://walledoffhotel.com/questions.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his ''Better Out Than In'' residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed ''Rat race'', was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|title=Banksy's New York rat removed in less than a week|website=Descrier|access-date=23 March 2018|date=22 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041225/https://descrier.co.uk/culture/banksys-new-york-rat-removed-in-less-than-a-week/|url-status=live}}</ref> but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist [[Zehra Doğan]] on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|title=Banksy Blitz Continues in NYC with New Murals in Brooklyn|website=Hyperallergic|access-date=23 March 2018|date=19 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041630/https://hyperallergic.com/433179/new-banksy-murals-midwood-brooklyn/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== ''Love Is in the Bin'' (2018) ====
In October 2018, a Banksy work, initially titled the ''[[Balloon Girl]]'', was sold for £1m at London auction house [[Sotheby's]]. The purchaser of the work was an unnamed European woman. As the [[gavel]] hit the sound-block, an alarm sounded within the picture frame and the Banksy canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Badshah |first=Nadeem |date=2021-10-14 |title=Banksy sets auction record with £18.5m sale of shredded painting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304232452/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/oct/14/banksy-auction-record-shredded-painting-love-is-in-the-bin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Christian 2018">{{cite web | last=Christian | first=Natasha | title=Street artist Banksy releases video showing auction shredding prank was years in the making | website=The West Australian | date=7 October 2018 | url=https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=7 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007111611/https://thewest.com.au/news/offbeat/street-artist-banksy-releases-video-showing-auction-shredding-prank-was-years-in-the-making-ng-b88983688z | url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |title=Banksy auction prank leaves art world in shreds |first=Chris |last=Johnston |date=6 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905135526/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/06/banksy-sothebys-auction-prank-leaves-art-world-in-shreds-girl-with-balloon |url-status=live }}</ref> After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy artwork shreds itself after sale|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history".<ref name="Christian 2018"/> Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|title=Meet the entrepreneurs shaking up the art world|first=Coco|last=Khan|date=27 March 2017|website=The Guardian|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183623/https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2017/mar/27/meet-the-entrepreneurs-shaking-up-the-art-world|url-status=live}}</ref> told the ''[[Evening Standard]]'': "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1m they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added a minimum of 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|title=£1m Banksy artwork shredded at auction 'now worth double'|date=6 October 2018|access-date=7 October 2018|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007120858/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-artwork-selfdestructs-moments-after-being-sold-at-sothebys-for-1million-a3955111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |title=Who's the mystery man who films at Banksy prank auction? |year=2018 |work=Sky News |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015939/https://news.sky.com/story/who-is-mystery-man-who-films-at-banksy-auction-11519745 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |title=Banksy's 'Girl with Balloon' sale is confirmed – and it's got a new name |date=11 October 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519041519/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/banksys-girl-with-balloon-renamed-love-is-in-bin/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]]: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge".<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |title= Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan – video |date= 7 October 2018 |work= The Guardian |access-date= 7 October 2018 |archive-date= 15 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210115162509/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2018/oct/07/banksy-publishes-video-detailing-auction-prank-plan-video |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|title=Banksy explains why and how he destroyed artwork that had just been sold for £1m|work=The Independent|access-date=8 October 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008122540/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-explains-prank-shredded-girl-with-balloon-sothebys-auction-a8572956.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to [[Mikhail Bakunin]].)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|title=Mikhail Bakunin Quote|website=A-Z Quotes|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211731/https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1426115|url-status=live}}</ref> It is not known how the shredder was activated.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|title=Banksy posts video of shredding stunt|date=6 October 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2018|archive-date=11 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911062559/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-bristol-45770028|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time..."<ref>Banksy [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY "Shredding the Girl and Balloon – The Director's half cut"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024075905/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxkwRNIZgdY |date=24 October 2018 }}. 17 October 2018 – via YouTube.</ref>

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]'', and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body, Pest Control Office Ltd. Sotheby's released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one", and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |title=Woman who bought shredded Banksy artwork will go through with purchase |first=Mattha |last=Busby |date=11 October 2018 |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519052330/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/oct/11/woman-who-bought-shredded-banksy-artwork-will-go-through-with-sale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|title=Banksy Authenticates and Renames His Shredded $1.4 Million Painting—Which the Buyer Plans to Keep|first=Eileen|last=Kinsella|date=11 October 2018|work=artnet|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519015837/https://news.artnet.com/market/banksy-re-authenticates-shredded-1-4-million-european-buyer-will-keep-1369852|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2021, the remains of the partially-shredded painting was reported by ''[[The Guardian]]'' to have been re-sold by Sotheby's auction house, for £18,582,000, in London.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="NPR-20211014">{{cite news |last=Pruitt-Young |first=Sharon |title=A half-shredded Banksy piece is auctioned for $25.4 million, a record for the artist |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |date=14 October 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |accessdate=15 October 2021 |archive-date=15 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015010251/https://www.npr.org/2021/10/14/1046134451/banksy-shredded-auction-sold-record |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2018–2019 ===
[[File:Season's Greetings, Banksy (6).jpg|thumb|''Season's Greetings'', Port Talbot, Wales]]
A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in [[Port Talbot]] in December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|title=Is this the work of Banksy?|date=19 December 2018|website=ITV News|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220231037/https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/story/2018-12-19/is-this-the-work-of-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new mural|last=Robinson|first=Matthew|date=19 December 2018|website=CNN Style|language=en|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219172704/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-port-talbot-wales-gbr-scli/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an [[Instagram]] video soundtracked by the festive children's song "Little Snowflake".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|title=Banksy confirms he's behind new painting spotted in Wales|last=Reilly|first=Nick|date=19 December 2018|website=NME|language=en-US|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219184632/https://www.nme.com/news/has-a-new-banksy-painting-been-spotted-in-wales-port-talbot-2423060|url-status=live}}</ref> Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and [[Plaid Cymru]] [[councillor]] for [[Aberavon]], Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|title=Banksy confirms new 'snow' artwork is his|date=19 December 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=19 December 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219162407/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46617742|url-status=live}}</ref> A plastic screen, partially funded by [[Michael Sheen]], was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|title=Banksy anti-pollution artwork in Port Talbot targeted|last=Booth|first=Robert|date=23 December 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223175647/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/dec/23/banksy-artwork-in-port-talbot-targeted-by-suspected-attacker|url-status=live}}</ref> Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|title=Banksy's Port Talbot snow mural attacked by 'drunk halfwit'|date=23 December 2018|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223115646/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-46664631|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.<ref name="Fyfe-29May2019">{{cite news |last1=Fyfe |first1=Will |title=Port Talbot Banksy mural: Artwork arrives at new home |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |access-date=11 June 2019 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602003214/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-48434084 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named ''Gross Domestic Product'' in [[Croydon]], South London, to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greeting card company that had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A [greeting card] company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|title=Banksy shop featuring Stormzy stab vest appears in Croydon|date=1 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002013020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49895129|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear—if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|title=Banksy launches homewares shop in dispute over trademark|date=1 October 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002002239/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/oct/01/banksy-launches-homewares-shop-in-dispute-over-trademark|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 October, greeting card distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|title=Banksy: Card firm rejects 'custody' claim|date=4 October 2019|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=7 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007104902/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-49941281|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 14 September 2020, the [[European Union Intellectual Property Office]] ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rivera|first=Isabella|date=30 November 2020|title=Voided Banksy TM|url=https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|website=Center for Art Law|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505170638/https://itsartlaw.org/2020/11/30/voided-banksy/|url-status=live}}</ref> The European panel judges in ''Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd'' [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|title=Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trademark (codification)|access-date=5 May 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507122647/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001&rid=3|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

In October 2019, a 2009 painting by Banksy entitled "[[Devolved Parliament (Banksy)|Devolved Parliament]]", showing [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] depicted as chimpanzees in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it".<ref name="record sale"/> At {{convert|13|ft}} wide, it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the [[Brexit]] debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."<ref name="record sale">{{cite news |title=Banksy MPs as chimpanzees painting sells for £9.9m |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |access-date=3 October 2019 |work=BBC News |archive-date=3 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003212211/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-49924281 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2020–2024 ===
On 13 February 2020, the [[Valentine's Banksy]] mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's [[Barton Hill, Bristol|Barton Hill]] neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Steven|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|title=Say it with Banksy? Valentine's gift catapults house to street art fame|date=13 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|last2=Fisher|first2=Ben|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213230658/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/13/say-it-with-banksy-valentines-gift-catapults-house-to-street-art-fame|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early hours of [[Valentine's Day]] (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|title=Valentine's Day art in Bristol confirmed by Banksy as his work|date=14 February 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 February 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224221102/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/feb/14/valentines-day-art-bristol-confirmed-banksy-his-work|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was defaced just days after appearing.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |title=New Banksy Valentine's Day artwork vandalised |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=South China Morning Post |date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215190619/https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3050819/new-banksy-valentines-day-artwork-vandalised |url-status=live }}</ref> Banksy dedicated a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints]]'' or ''Game Changer'' to NHS staff, and donated it to the [[Southampton General Hospital|University Hospital of Southampton]] during the global [[COVID-19 pandemic|coronavirus pandemic]] in May 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banksy donates new artwork honoring health care workers to hospital|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|first=Allen|last=Kim|date=7 May 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-date=7 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507014624/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-hospital-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |title=Covid: Banksy painting raises £14.4m for NHS charities |work=BBC News |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323192639/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-56497104 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of [[HM Prison Reading|Reading Prison]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lewis |first1=Isobel |title=Banksy: Potential artwork appears overnight on side of Reading Prison |date=2 March 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |publisher=[[The Independent|Independent]] |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304181039/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-reading-prison-oscar-wilde-b1809232.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former prison's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Banksy confirms escaping prisoner artwork at Reading jail |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=4 March 2021 |access-date=4 March 2021 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304165224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-56243680 |url-status=live }}</ref> The escaping prisoner was said to resemble [[Oscar Wilde]], who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.<ref name=bbc />

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled ''[[A Great British Spraycation]]'', appeared in several [[East Anglia]]n towns.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy-style pieces appear in Gorleston, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|work=BBC News|date=7 August 2021|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810154452/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-58121178|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|title = Banksy: A guide to his 'Great British Spraycation'|work = BBC News|date = 17 August 2021|access-date = 14 August 2021|archive-date = 14 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210814050602/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-norfolk-58145220|url-status = live}}</ref> Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 [[BBC One]]/[[Amazon Prime Video]] comedy ''[[The Outlaws (2021 TV series)|The Outlaws]]''. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was [[Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed|painted over]] by the character Frank, played by [[Christopher Walken]], while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his [[Community service|Community Payback]] sentence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|title=Banksy artwork painted over by Christopher Walken in The Outlaws finale was real, BBC confirms|last=Lewis|first=Isobel|date=11 November 2021|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 November 2021|archive-date=11 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111233840/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/christopher-walken-banksy-outlaws-bbc-b1955657.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Children of War, Maidan.jpg|thumb|[[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] (Independence Square), [[Kyiv]], Ukraine]]
[[File:Banksy in Irpin.jpg|thumb|A mural on the wall of a bombed building in [[Irpin]], Ukraine]]
In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of [[Borodianka]], appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |title=Banksy artwork appears on damaged building in Ukraine |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |newspaper=The Guardian |date=12 November 2022 |access-date=12 November 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112002256/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/nov/12/banksy-artwork-appears-on-damaged-building-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> He also created six murals in [[Kyiv]], [[Irpin]], [[Hostomel]] and [[Horenka, Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast|Horenka]].<ref>{{Cite news|last= |first=|date=14 November 2022|title=Banksy in Ukraine: seven new works appear in war-torn sites|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114143343/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/11/14/banksy-in-ukraine-seven-new-works-appear-in-war-torn-sites}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 November 2022|script-title=uk:У Бородянці, Гостомелі та Ірпені. 7 графіті Бенксі|trans-title=7 Banksy graffiti in Borodyanka, Hostomel and Irpin|script-work=uk:Вікенд|trans-work=Weekend|url=https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|accessdate=15 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115094013/https://weekend.today/kolonki/benksi-na-kyyivshhyni.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> One of the images he produced in Borodianka was of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in a judo throw. The image has since been turned into a stamp in Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-26 |title=Ukraine's Banksy stamps feature art of Putin in judo match |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226091639/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64774717 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."<ref name="bbcflowerbombertm">{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|title= Banksy loses battle with greetings card firm over 'flower bomber' trademark|access-date= 15 December 2020|work= BBC News|date= 17 September 2020|archive-date= 18 November 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201118030113/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-54189113|url-status= live}}</ref>

On [[St Patricks Day]] 2024, a confirmed Banksy "mural" appeared overnight on a flank wall of a housing estate near to [[Finsbury Park]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy artwork appears on side of flats in north London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://news.sky.com/story/banksy-artwork-appears-on-side-of-flats-in-north-london-13097483 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork is located in an area known as [[Upper Holloway]], in the London Borough of [[Islington]]. The mural is behind a stark heavily pruned tree, which dominates the foreground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Banksy: Artist confirms new London tree mural is his own work |work=BBC News |date=18 March 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318144703/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68596824 |url-status=live }}</ref> The artwork's green shades and leafy foliage used paint that matches Islington's own municipal green, which is used on their housing estate nameplates. The sprawling artwork gives the impression of lush foliage in full leaf on the wall backdrop. An adjoining life size figure is stencilled onto the wall at ground level, showing a worker using a [[pressure washer]], as if they were spontaneously spraying the artwork.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=New London mural prompts Banksy speculation |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318092527/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-68592907 |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the first to visit the Banksy, was the local MP, [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rawlinson |first=Kevin |date=2024-03-18 |title=Banksy confirms north London tree mural is his work |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |access-date=2024-03-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318192747/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/mar/18/north-london-tree-mural-prompts-banksy-speculation |url-status=live }}</ref> Experts have speculated that the choice of subject and the location make it difficult to remove to sell at auction, as the context of the setting is everything and the sale value would be minimal.

In August 2024, he claimed credit for a number of black silhouette compositions, that appeared in London and were part of an [[Banksy's London animal series|animal-themed series]]. Various theories exist for what they mean and represent, with the artist himself declining to comment.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Liz Jackson, Adriana Elgueta|date=2024-08-08 |title=Banksy howling wolf artwork removed after reveal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrjyv2dwnvo |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Aurelia Foster, Freddy Tennyson|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20l71yyxp1o|title=Fifth Banksy in five days appears in London|work=BBC News|date=2024-08-09|access-date=2024-08-09}}</ref>

=== 2025–present ===
In February 2025, it was announced that Banksy, or a representee of the artist, is to appear at a tribunal at the U.K's [[Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|Intellectual Property Office]]. The tribunal will be one of the few times that the secretive artist’s legal team – or those representing the artist – will speak in public.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Battles On {{!}} |url=https://guyhepner.com/news/315-banksy-battles-on-i-fought-the-trademark-law/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2025, he revealed his latest artwork located in the streets of Marseille, France.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Adamson |first1=Thomas |last2=Eltoni |first2=Bisher |last3=Lawless |first3=Jill |date=2025-05-30 |title=In Marseille, a shadow becomes art in Banksy's latest street mural |url=https://apnews.com/article/banksy-street-artist-new-lighthouse-marseille-e25dd4c720df880ae0c462a8076a065f |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The mural depicts a lighthouse.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-30 |title=New Banksy mural appears in Marseille, depicting a lighthouse |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2025/05/30/we-love-it-marseille-discovers-new-banksy-artwork_6741840_7.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> In the early hours of September 8 2025, passers-by noticed a Banksy mural on the [[Royal Courts of Justice (Banksy mural)|Royal Courts of Justice in London]]. It depicted a protester being beaten with a gavel by a judge.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Banksy artwork shows judge beating protester amid Palestine Action protest arrests storm |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-covered-up-b1246517.html |publisher=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> The work became controversial due to its location on a prominent judicial landmark, which some media commentators said was connected to the recent arrests and prosecutions in the UK of protestors of various causes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harding |first1=Laura |title=New Banksy artwork at the Royal Courts of Justice already covered up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/banksy-royal-courts-of-justice-building-london-peckham-b2822186.html |publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> The artwork was covered up on the same day in the afternoon with a large metal sheet and fencing. Workmen were pictured at the mural a day later.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2025/sep/08/court-staff-cover-up-banksy-image-of-judge-beating-a-protester</ref> On September 10, the mural was removed from the building, but it had left a shadow of the mural and was still partly visible, but heavily faded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Banksy artwork being removed from Royal Courts of Justice wall in London |url=https://news.sky.com/story/new-banksy-artwork-being-removed-from-royal-courts-of-justice-wall-in-london-13428144 |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

== Other artworks ==
Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:
* At [[London Zoo]], he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in {{convert|7|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} letters.<ref>{{cite news|first=William |last=Langley |date=18 March 2007 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |title=For the Gauguin of graffiti it was all about tagging. Now he's into six-figure price tags |newspaper=The Telegraph |access-date=9 November 2014 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110065926/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3638535/For-the-Gauguin-of-graffiti-it-was-all-about-tagging.-Now-hes-into-six-figure-price-tags.html |archive-date=10 November 2014 }}</ref>
* At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |title=Need Talent to Exhibit in Museums? Not This Prankster |access-date=12 June 2008 |date=24 March 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Randy |last=Kennedy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211141929/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/24/arts/design/24arti.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 }}</ref>
* In 2004, he placed the piece ''[[Banksus Militus Ratus]]'' into London's [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Natural History Museum exhibits an unnatural specimen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=8 April 2004|access-date=7 October 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014055255/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/apr/08/arts.education|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], and [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[Manhattan]] as well as the [[Brooklyn Museum]] in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |title=A Wooster Exclusive: Banksy Hits New York's Most Famous Museums (All of them) |access-date=19 September 2006 |date=23 March 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909040458/http://www.woostercollective.com/2005/03/a_wooster_exclusive_banksy_hit.html |archive-date=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In May 2005 [[Peckham Rock]], Banksy's version of a primitive [[cave painting]] depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley, was hung in gallery 49 of the [[British Museum]], London.<ref name=wired>{{cite journal |first=Jeff |last=Howe |journal=[[Wired Magazine|Wired]] |volume=13 |issue=8 |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html |title=Art Attack |date=August 2005 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060902025945/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/bansky.html| archive-date= 2 September 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref>
* In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]], including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.<ref name="JonesIsrael" /><ref name="BBCNews5Aug2005">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |title=Art prankster sprays Israeli wall |work=BBC News |date=5 August 2005 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425143503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4748063.stm |archive-date=25 April 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Nigel |last=Parry |url=http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |title=British Graffiti Artist, Banksy, Hacks the Wall |date=10 October 2006 |work=MIT Thresholds |access-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211151040/http://nigelparry.com/writing/banksy-mit-threshholds.shtml |archive-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for [[Nickelodeon]].<ref>{{cite web|author=loveforlogos |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |title=Nickelodeon Next ID (2005) |via=YouTube |date=29 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703185114/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_aehLH1w8I |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref>
* In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in [[Soho]], London. It was later removed by [[Westminster City Council|Westminster Council]].<ref name="BBCNews7Apr2007">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |title=Artist's cold call cuts off phone |work=BBC News |date=7 April 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207050232/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4887660.stm |archive-date=7 December 2006 }}</ref>
* In June 2006, Banksy created ''[[Well Hung Lover]]'', an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central [[Bristol]]. The image sparked "a heated debate",<ref name="HSH p93">Steve Wright (2007), ''Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home'', p. 93</ref> with the [[Bristol City Council]] leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.<ref name="nakedman">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/5103306.stm |title=Artist's saucy stencil for city |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |work=BBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312220427/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/5103306.stm |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref> After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.<ref name="HSH p93" /> The mural was later defaced with blue paint.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/bristol/somerset/8114184.stm |title=Banksy mural defaced with paint |date=23 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |work=BBC News| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626223938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/8114184.stm| archive-date= 26 June 2009 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of [[Paris Hilton]]'s debut CD, ''[[Paris (Paris Hilton album)|Paris]]'', in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by [[Danger Mouse (musician)|Danger Mouse]]. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as [[eBay]]. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm |title=Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank |work=BBC News |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060910085841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm| archive-date= 10 September 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Claire |last1=Truscott |first2=Martin |last2=Hodgson |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece |title=Banksy targets Paris Hilton |newspaper=[[The Independent on Sunday]] |date=3 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 | location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060905204207/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article1325440.ece| archive-date= 5 September 2006 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |title=Paris Prank Confirmed |date=7 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121184105/http://www.netmusiccountdown.com/inc/news_article.php?id=10995 |archive-date=21 November 2006 }}</ref>
* In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]] prisoner ([[Guantanamo captive's uniforms|orange jumpsuit]], black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the [[Big Thunder Mountain Railroad]] ride at the [[Disneyland]] theme park in [[Anaheim, California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |title=The story Disneyland doesn't want you to know |date=8 September 2006 |access-date=19 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233859/http://www.woostercollective.com/2006/09/breaking_the_story_disneyland_doesnt_wan.html |archive-date=15 October 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm|title=Artist Banksy targets Disneyland|work=BBC News |date=11 September 2006|access-date=19 September 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061005170241/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5335400.stm| archive-date= 5 October 2006 | url-status=live}}</ref>
* He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of [[Blur (band)|Blur's]] 2003 album ''[[Think Tank (Blur album)|Think Tank]]''.
* In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in [[Portobello Road]] with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm|title=£208,100 eBay bid for Banksy wall|date=14 January 2008|access-date=14 January 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080117104716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7188387.stm| archive-date= 17 January 2008 | url-status=live| work=BBC News}}</ref>
*A guard/police officer with a [[balloon animal]] was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-14 |title=Banksy behind glass: Artwork gets new Toronto home |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=CTV News |language=en |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317215646/https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/entertainment/banksy-behind-glass-artwork-gets-new-toronto-home-1.3284577 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In July 2012, in the run up to the [[London 2012]] Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a [[javelin]], evidently taking a poke at the [[surface to air missile]] sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eurosport |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |title=London could destroy Banksy's valuable Olympic graffiti |work=Yahoo! Eurosport |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109220647/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/blogs/londonspy/london-could-destroy-banksy-valuable-olympic-graffiti-091627080.html |archive-date=9 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |title=London 2012: Street Artist Banksy's Olympic Graffiti Unveiled (Pictures) |work=HuffPost |date= 26 July 2012|access-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727001859/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/07/24/london-2012-banksy-street-art_n_1697535.html |archive-date=27 July 2012 }}</ref>
* In April 2014, he created a piece in [[Cheltenham]], near the [[Government Communications Headquarters]] (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent [[global surveillance disclosures]] of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Morris |first1=Steven |title=Banksy confirms he is creator of the 'Spy Booth' wall art near GCHQ |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |access-date=5 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=10 June 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005062209/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jun/10/banksy-creator-spy-booth-wall-art-gchq |archive-date=5 October 2015 }}</ref> This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.<ref name="abc-surveill-vanish">{{cite news|title=Banksy mural mocking government surveillance vanishes from UK wall |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |access-date=22 August 2016 |work=ABC News |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823110849/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-22/banksy-mural-mocking-government-surveillance-vanishes/7774794 |archive-date=23 August 2016 }}</ref>
* In October 2014, Ten days before the [[2014 Clacton by-election]], Banksy painted a mural on a wall in Clacton which showed five grey pigeons holding three placards. They held the words "go back to Africa" "migrants not welcome", and "keep off our worms". They were directed towards a more colourful migratory swallow perched further along the same wire. The mural was removed by [[Tendring District|Tendring District Council]] who had received a complaint that "offensive and racist remarks" had appeared on a wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |title=Council removes Banksy artwork after complaints of racism |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=1 October 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422110701/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/oct/01/banksy-mural-clacton-racist |url-status=live |archive-date=22 April 2020 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>
* In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its [[House system|houses]] after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |title=Banksy mural appears at primary school – with a letter from the artist himself |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608015555/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/06/banksy-mural-appears-at-primary-school--with-a-letter-from-the-a/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |newspaper=The Telegraph }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |title=Banksy paints Bridge Farm Primary Bristol wall as 'present' |work=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcast Corporation |date= 6 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606114949/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-36457647 |archive-date=6 June 2016 }}</ref>
* In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant [[Brexit]] [[mural]], painted on a house in Dover (Kent).<ref>{{cite news|last=Walker |title=Banksy claims responsibility for giant Brexit painting in Dover |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/07/banksy-claims-responsibility-giant-brexit-painting-dover |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=7 May 2017 |access-date=8 January 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Banksy's ''Dream Boat'', originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love [[Pop-up retail|pop-up shop]] in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win ''Dream Boat''.<ref>N. Hinde (11 December 2018). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 "Buy A £2 Raffle Ticket And This Banksy Sculpture Could Be Yours"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212125714/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/buy-raffle-ticket-for-this-banksy-sculpture-and-choose-love_uk_5c0ff604e4b0ac5371795bb2 |date=12 December 2018 }}. ''[[HuffPost]]''.</ref> The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.<ref>Katie Baron (22 October 2018). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ "How Choose Love Made Charity Credible Again: Pop-Up Sales Storm Towards £1.5m, Doubling 2017 Total"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702092343/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiebaron/2018/12/22/how-choose-love-made-charity-credible-again-pop-up-sales-storm-towards-1-5m-doubling-2017-total/ |date=2 July 2019 }}. ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" class="center">
File:Mauer-betlehem.jpg|Near [[Bethlehem]] – 2005
File:Banksy - Grin Reaper With Tag.jpg|''The Grin Reaper''
</gallery>

=== Damaged artwork ===
{{Main|Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed}}
Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in [[Melbourne]], paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |title=Anti-graffiti crew accidentally paints over Banksy art in CBD |work=The Melbourne Leader |date=27 April 2010 |access-date=27 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429030922/http://melbourne-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/anti-graffiti-crew-accidentally-paints-over-banksy-art-in-cbd/ |archive-date=29 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In April 2010, the [[Melbourne City Council]] reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a [[Parachuting Rat|rat descending in a parachute]] adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

In July 2011, one of Banksy's early works, ''[[Gorilla in a Pink Mask]]'', was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre. The art piece had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in [[Eastville, Bristol|Eastville]] for over ten years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Whitewashed Banksy restoration 'could cost thousands'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547|access-date=15 July 2011|publisher=BBC|date=15 July 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110720081140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-14170547| archive-date= 20 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Bates|first=Stephen|title=Banksy's Gorilla in a Pink Mask is painted over|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over|access-date=15 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 July 2011|location=London| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110716223702/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/jul/15/banksy-gorilla-mask-painted-over| archive-date= 16 July 2011 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Many works that make up the ''Better Out Than In'' series in New York City have been [[Defacement (vandalism)|defaced]], some just hours after the piece was unveiled.<ref name=nytimes_welcome>{{cite news|title=Banksy's New York Welcome |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019061328/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/banksys-new-york-welcome.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Piece In Queens Defaced By Other Graffiti Artists |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=15 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224015237/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/banksy-destroyed_n_4101145.html |archive-date=24 February 2015 }}</ref> At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Janeczko |first=Jane |title=Banksy Hater, OMAR NYC, Defaces Art In Red Hook |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |date=8 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013223713/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/08/banksy-hater-defaces_n_4065250.html |archive-date=13 October 2013 }}</ref> OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last=Turco |first=Bucky |title=Banksy Thoroughly Ragged |url=http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |work=Animal New York |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031237/http://animalnewyork.com/2010/banksy-thoroughly-ragged/ |archive-date=12 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dobkin |first=Jake |title=Banksy Gets Dissed |url=http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php?#photo-1 |work=[[Gothamist]] |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010072201/http://gothamist.com/2010/05/18/banksy_gets_dissed.php#photo-1 |archive-date=10 October 2013 |date=19 May 2010 }}</ref>

In the case of the 2013 vandalism of Banksy's ''Praying Boy'' in [[Park City, Utah]], United States,<ref name="Park Rec Vandalism">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 11 January 2014 |title= Banksy vandalism: video surfaces purporting to show Park City attack |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |work= [[Park Record]] |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122175200/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandalism-video-surfaces-purporting-to-show-park-city-attack/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>
the perpetrator was tried, pled guilty, and convicted of [[mischief|criminal mischief]].<ref>{{cite news |last= Whitehurst |first= Lindsay |date= 17 November 2014 |title= Man who damaged Banksy art in US gets probation |url= https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |work= [[Associated Press]] |location= New York |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122171615/https://apnews.com/article/e17b3ee7e54f4754bccd9781e3c86bfc |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= Nov 19, 2014 |title= Banksy vandal, apologetic, ordered to pay for damage in Park City |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230525143745/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/park-city/banksy-vandal-apologetic-ordered-to-pay-for-damage-in-park-city/ |archive-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>
The artwork was restored to its original state by a [[Conservation and restoration of cultural property|painting conservator]], who was hired by the owners of the building where ''Praying Boy'' is located.<ref name="Park Rec Restored">{{cite news |last= Hamburger |first= Jay |date= 2 April 2014 |title= Banksy piece in Park City, vandal's target, painstakingly restored |url= https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |work= Park Record |location= Park City, Utah |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231122172230/https://www.parkrecord.com/news/banksy-piece-in-park-city-vandals-target-painstakingly-restored/ |archive-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

== Technique ==
[[File:Banksy Girl ATM.JPG|thumb|ATM attacking a girl, [[Rosebery Avenue]], London, January 2008]]

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book ''Wall and Piece'' that, as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils for minimising time and overlapping of the colour.

In a 2003 interview, Banksy described his technique, when making a piece in a public area, as "quick" and "I want to get it done and dusted."<ref name="BBC Nanji"/>

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist [[Robert Del Naja|3D]]. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist [[Blek le Rat]]. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|title=Road sign believed to be a Banksy has vanished|date=13 August 2018|website=BBC Newsround|access-date=14 November 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201233040/https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27050301|url-status=live}}</ref>

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, [[Stencil#Aerosol stencils|stencils]] are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Banksy - Banksquiat. Boy and Dog in Stop and Search |url=https://www.phillips.com/detail/banksy/NY010323/13 |website=[[Phillips (auctioneers)|Phillips]] |access-date=16 July 2024}}</ref> There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".<ref>{{cite web |author1=Frederick Gentis |title=Banksy's identity may be uncovered by looking at what inspired him |url=https://www.gallerease.com/en/magazine/articles/banksys-identity-may-be-uncovered-by-looking-at-what-inspired-him-53bbdb606e92__53bbdb606e92 |website=Gallerease |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Naomi DeSouza |title=Graffiti artist mistaken for Brum 'Banksy' is factory worker with 'busy family life' |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/graffiti-artist-mistaken-brum-banksy-24072547 |website=Birmingham Live |access-date=16 July 2024 |date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live as it was being auctioned at [[Sotheby's]]. The piece originally consisted of a framed painting of ''[[Girl with Balloon]]''. While the bidding was in progress, a shredder was activated from within the frame, partially destroying the painting, and thus creating a new piece. The shredder had been pre-emptively built into the frame a few years prior in case the painting was put up for auction.<ref>{{cite news |last= Preuss |first= Andreas |author= |date= 7 October 2018 |title= Banksy painting 'self-destructs' moments after being sold for $1.4 million at auction |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |work= [[CNN]] |location= United States |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230522002914/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/banksy-painting-self-destructs-auction-trnd/index.html |archive-date=2023-05-22}}</ref>
The new artwork, consisting of the half-shredded painting still in its frame, is titled ''[[Love Is in the Bin]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date= 14 October 2021 |title= Banksy's Love is in the Bin sells for record £16m |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |work= BBC |location= London |access-date= 22 November 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230930084451/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58908768 |archive-date=2023-09-30}}</ref>

In 2025, the [[BBC News|BBC]] unearthed previously unseen Banksy murals that differ in their execution from the well-known stencil style of [[graffiti]] for which the artist is commonly known. The murals, created for a youth club in the artist's home city, are examples of the early technique of the artist.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mackintosh |first1=Thomas |title=New Banksy mural appears at Royal Courts of Justice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cgrq0r0y878o |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banksy Art: A history |url=https://guyhepner.com/artists/32-banksy |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=Guy Hepner |language=en}}</ref>

== Political and social themes ==
[[File:Shop Until You Drop by Banksy.JPG|thumb|right|''Shop Until You Drop'' in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 204</ref>]]
{{Anti-consumerism |People}}
Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or [[guerrilla warfare]] that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy.<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy sees a social class component to this [[class struggle|struggle]], remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead."<ref name = "HPBanksy" /> Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against people, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.<ref name = "HPBanksy" />

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including [[anti-war]], [[anti-consumerism]], [[anti-fascism]], [[anti-imperialism]], [[anti-authoritarianism]], [[anarchism]], [[nihilism]], and [[existentialism]]. Additionally, the components of the [[human condition]] that his works commonly critique are [[greed]], poverty, [[hypocrisy]], [[boredom]], [[Despair (emotion)|despair]], [[absurdity]], and [[Social alienation|alienation]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Jonathon |last=Keats |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |title=Why Banksy Deserves An Olympic Gold More Than Usain Bolt|magazine=Forbes |date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207040214/http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathonkeats/2012/08/03/why-banksy-deserves-an-olympic-gold-more-than-usain-bolt/ |archive-date=7 February 2013 }}</ref> Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot."<ref>''Wall and Piece'', by Banksy, 2006, Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 110</ref> While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."<ref>Banksy (2006), ''Wall and Piece'', Century, {{ISBN|1-84413-787-2}}, p. 155</ref>

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work ''Show me the Monet'', Banksy explained:

{{blockquote|The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Show Me The Monet|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|access-date=23 May 2021|website=Sotheby's|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170236/https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2020/contemporary-art-evening-auction-2/banksy-show-me-the-monet|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

''Show me the Monet'' repurposes [[Claude Monet]]'s ''Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies'', with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.<ref name=":3" />

During the [[2017 United Kingdom general election]], Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Banksy makes election print-for-vote offer |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |work=[[BBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604063123/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40146544 |archive-date=4 June 2017 }}</ref> According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the [[Avon and Somerset Constabulary]] announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected [[corrupt practice]] of bribery,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |title= Police investigate Banksy offer for possible election fraud |date= 5 June 2017 |access-date=5 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605205118/http://www.thisisthewestcountry.co.uk/news/15329481.BREAKING__Police_investigate_Banksy_offer_for_possible_election_fraud/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 }}</ref> and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Connor |first1=Roisin |title=Banksy cancels General Election print giveaway after police launch investigation |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |website=The Independent |access-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622133206/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-general-election-print-giveaway-tory-party-police-investigation-artist-theresa-may-a7774801.html |archive-date=22 June 2017 }}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Banksy referenced medical advice to [[Isolation (health care)|self-isolate]] by creating an artwork in his bathroom.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|title=Banksy follows stay-at-home orders and makes bathroom art during coronavirus crisis|date=17 April 2020|work=ABC News|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420195925/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/banksy-bathroom-art-coronavirus-lockdown-united-kingdom/12156326|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Philanthropy and activism==
Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as ''[[Civilian Drone Strike (Banksy)|Civilian Drone Strike]]'', which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for [[Campaign Against Arms Trade]] and [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]]. It was part of the exhibition "Art the Arms Fair" set up in opposition to the [[DSEI]] arms fair.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |title=Banksy 'Civilian Drone Strike' piece raises £200k for anti-arms campaign groups |first=Chloe |last=Chaplin |date=17 September 2017 |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416100418/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/banksy-civilian-drone-strike-piece-raises-200k-for-antiarms-campaign-groups-a3636731.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, a sculpture titled ''Dream Boat'', which was exhibited in [[Dismaland]] in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called [[Choose Love (organisation)|Choose Love]]) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |title=Banksy Is Raffling Off a Refugee Sculpture for Only $2.50, If You Can Correctly Guess Its Weight |first=Naomi |last=Rea |date=3 December 2018 |work=Artnet |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828031214/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/banksy-sculpture-raffle-1408612 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, he produced artwork for the [[Greenpeace]] campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled ''The Banality of the Banality of Evil'' was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |title=Mystery surrounds collapse of Banksy sale to benefit Housing Works charity |first=Richard |last=Luscombe |date=9 November 2013 |work=The Guardian |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827182319/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/09/banksy-new-york-auction-housing-works |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled ''Mobile Lovers'' was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |title=Banksy has say over disputed Mobile Lovers artwork |date=7 May 2014 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=7 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007192538/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-27319114 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |title=Banksy's Mobile Lovers: Youth club owner who sold artwork in Bristol receives death threats |first=Kashmira |last=Gander |date=27 August 2014 |work=The Independent |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013132621/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/banksy-mobile-lovers-sold-owner-of-youth-club-where-artwork-appeared-in-bristol-received-death-9695327.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |title=Banksy to raise money for homeless charities |date=10 December 2019 |work=Irish News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619161523/https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/12/10/news/banksy-to-raise-money-for-homeless-charities-after-latest-artwork-1787198/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including [[The Walled Off Hotel]] in [[Bethlehem]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |title=Palestine: Banksy art creates a new model of resistance |date=25 December 2019 |work=Gulf News |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312191714/https://gulfnews.com/opinion/op-eds/palestine-banksy-art-creates-a-new-model-of-resistance-1.68658795 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |title=New Banksy pro-Palestine artwork sparks spat with Israeli art collector |work=The New Arab |date=12 November 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926212600/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/11/12/banksy-pro-palestine-artwork-sparks-spat-with-israeli-art-collector |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=27 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827191018/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-41840466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |title=New Banksy work unveiled at 'apology' party for Palestinians |publisher=BBC |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109003512/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40809266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a [[triptych]] titled ''[[Mediterranean Sea View 2017]]'', which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the [[European migrant crisis]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |title=Banksy auctions refugee paintings for £2.2m to aid Bethlehem hospital |date=28 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915073700/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-53564953 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Banksy gifted a painting titled ''[[Painting for Saints|Game Changer]]'' to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |title=Banksy Donates New Artwork Celebrating Health Care Workers to British Hospital |first=Tessa |last=Solomon |date=7 May 2020 |work=ARTnews |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919224849/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/banksy-southampton-general-hospital-game-changer-1202686284/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.<ref name="game changer"/>

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a [[Louise Michel (ship)|rescue boat]] to save refugees at risk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The former French Navy boat, renamed after [[Louise Michel]], has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |title=Banksy funds boat to rescue refugees at sea |date=28 August 2020 |publisher=BBC |access-date=29 August 2020 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829000826/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-53949831 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Books ==
Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:
* ''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'' (2001). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-0-0}}.
* ''Existencilism'' (2002). {{ISBN|978-0-9541704-1-7}}.
* ''Cut It Out'' (2004). {{ISBN|978-0-9544960-0-5}}.
* ''Pictures of Walls'' (2005). {{ISBN|978-0-9551946-0-3}}.
* ''Wall and Piece'' (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84413-786-2}}.
* ''You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat and if You Were Not You Would Know It (2012)''<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Banksy Books - A Buyer's Guide 2024 |url=https://alxandrws.com/list-of-banksy-books-a-buyers-guide/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=AlxAndrws |language=en-GB}}</ref>

''Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall'', ''Existencilism'', and ''Cut It Out'' were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction Publisher: Weapons of Mass Distraction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113239/https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Weapons_of_Mass_Distraction |date=24 October 2018 }}, Open Library. Retrieved 24 October 2018</ref>

''Pictures of Walls'' is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pictures of walls : around the world in eighty sprays.|date=2005|publisher=Pictures of Walls (POW)|isbn=978-0955194603|location=London|oclc=682533140}}</ref>

Banksy's ''Wall and Piece'' compiled large parts of the images and writings in his original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Wall and Piece|last=Banksy|date=2007|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1844137862|location=London|oclc=62531942}}</ref> It was intended for mass print, and published by [[Random House]].<ref name=":0" />

The writings in his original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Banging your head against a brick wall|last=Banksy|date=2001|publisher=Weapons of Mass Disruption|isbn=978-0954170400|location=UK|oclc=51183909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Existencilism|last=Banksy|date=2002|publisher=Weapons of Mass Distraction|isbn=978-0954170417|location=UK|oclc=51183910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cut it out|last=Banksy|date=2004|publisher=Banksy|isbn=978-0954496005|location=UK|oclc=61519372|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cutitout00bank}}</ref> While the content in them was almost entirely kept in ''Wall and Piece'', the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Visual arts}}
* [[List of works by Banksy]]
* [[List of works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed]]
* [[List of urban artists]]
* [[Street installation]]
* [[Brandalism]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book|editor1-first=Mirko|editor1-last=Reisser|editor1-link=Mirko Reisser|editor2-first=Gerrit|editor2-last=Peters|editor3-first=Heiko|editor3-last=Zahlmann|title=Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|series=Urban Discipline: Graffiti-Art|volume=3|edition=1st|page=144|language=de|publisher=getting-up|location=Hamburg (Germany)|year=2002|isbn=978-3-00-009421-7|url={{Google books|Kv6zGfMIIP8C|Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art|page=|plainurl=yes}}|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy's Bristol: home sweet home ; the unofficial guide |date=2008 |publisher=Tangent Books |isbn=978-1-906477-00-4 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=2. reprint |location=Bristol |editor-last2=Wright |editor-first2=Steve}}
* Martin Bull, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vfnk4ROcGIEC ''Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London'']{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2006 – with new editions in 2007, 2008 and 2010), {{ISBN|978-0-9554712-4-7}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Blanché |first=Ulrich |title=Something to s(pr)ay: Der Street Artivist Banksy: eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung |date=2013 |publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag |isbn=978-3-8288-2283-2 |edition=1. Auflage |location=Marburg}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Ellsworth-Jones |first1=Will |title=Banksy: the man behind the wall |last2=Banksy |date=2012 |publisher=Aurum |isbn=978-1-84513-699-4 |location=London}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: the Bristol legacy |date=2012 |publisher=Redcliffe |isbn=978-1-906593-96-4 |editor-last=Gough |editor-first=Paul |location=Bristol}}
* {{Cite book |title=Banksy: you are an acceptable level of threat and if you were not, you would know about it |date=2013 |publisher=Carpet Bombing Culture |isbn=978-1-908211-08-8 |editor-last=Banksy |edition=4. |location=Darlington |editor-last2=Shove |editor-first2=Gary |editor-last3=Potter |editor-first3=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book|last=Stallabrass|first= J.|title=Contemporary Art: A Very Short Introduction|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2020|isbn=9780192561282|location=United Kingdom}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dery|first=Mark|title=Culture Jamming: Activism and the Art of Cultural Resistance|publisher=NYU Press|year=2017|isbn=9781479879724|location=United States}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|d=Q133600|c=category:Banksy|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
{{Prone to spam|date=February 2015}}

'''Official websites:'''
* {{Official website}}
* [https://pestcontroloffice.com Pest Control] – official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works
* {{instagram|banksy}}
* {{YouTube|h=banksyfilm}}

'''Slideshows and galleries:'''
* {{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=Banksy - art of the state archive |url=https://www.artofthestate.co.uk/archive/banksy-2/banksy/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite news |title=Banksy |url=https://www.flickr.com/groups/banksy/pool/?rb=1 |access-date=2025-08-15 |work=Flickr |language=en-us}}
* {{Cite web |last=BBC |title=BBC - London - In Pictures - Banksy Gallery |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/image_galleries/banksy_gallery.shtml |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}
* {{Cite news |date=2009-06-12 |title=In pictures: Banksy's Bristol show |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8096000/8096891.stm |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=en-GB}}
* {{Cite web |title=Banksy Stencils on Resuable Mylar - Graffiti Stencils of Banksy Art |url=https://www.stencilrevolution.com/collections/banksy-stencils |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Stencil Revolution |language=en}}

'''News items'''
* [http://www.maannews.com/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=760586 "Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural", Ma'an News Agency, April 21, 2015]{{404|date=August 2025}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Story Behind Banksy |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-behind-banksy-4310304/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}

{{Banksy|state=expanded}}
{{Culture in Bristol}}
{{Culture jamming}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Banksy| ]]
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[[Category:20th-century English painters]]
[[Category:English male painters]]
[[Category:21st-century English painters]]
[[Category:Culture jamming]]
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[[Category:English contemporary artists]]
[[Category:English film directors]]
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Owain Glyndŵr

2025-09-29T19:55:35Z

Notjamesbond: /* Modern legacy */ added mural of Owain in Ruthin

{{Short description|Leader of a Welsh revolt against English rule}}
{{Redirect|Owen Glendower|other uses|Owen Glendower (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Owain Glyndŵr
| title =
| image = Owain Glyndŵr portrait.png
| image_size =
| caption = Portrait of Owain Glyndŵr from his great seal
| succession = Baron of Glyndyfrdwy, and Lord of Cynllaith Owain
| predecessor = Lord Gruffydd Fychan II
| successor = Abolished
| succession1 = [[Prince of Wales#Post-conquest claimants|Prince of Wales]]
| predecessor1 = '''Welsh:'''<br/>[[Dafydd ap Gruffydd]] (1282–1283)<br/>'''English:'''<br/>[[Henry of Monmouth]] (1399–1400)
| successor1 = '''Welsh:'''<br/>Vacant<br/>'''English:'''<br/>[[Edward of Westminster]] (1453–1471)
| reign = {{circa|1370–1400}}
| reign1 = 1400–1415{{efn|1400–1409 could be considered the dates of his reign considering the year of his disappearance.}}
| reign-type =
| birth_name = Owain ap Gruffydd
| birth_date = 28 May 1354 (1349/1359?){{efn|A manuscript recorded the date of birth; however, Lewis Owen placed the date five years earlier in 1349,{{sfn|Pennant|1784|page=326}} whilst other sources claim 1359.{{sfn|BBC|nd}}}}
| birth_place = [[Sycharth]],<br />[[Wales]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1415|09|20|1354|5|20|df=y}}
| death_place =
| burial_date = 21 September 1415
| burial_place = (unknown location){{efn|The [[Scudamore family]] oral tradition has it that he died and was buried in [[Monnington on Wye|Monnington Straddle]], [[Herefordshire]] on [[St. Matthew's Day]] (21/9). However, more modern sources dispute this, instead raising various alternative locations to the original burial. Some common locations raised are: the church of Saints Mael and Sulien at [[Corwen]] (close to his home), his estate in [[Sycharth]], or on one of the estates of his daughters' husbands, such as [[Kentchurch]] in South Herefordshire, and also another location in the Monnington area.}}
| spouse = [[Margaret Hanmer]]
| issue = {{ubl|[[Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Alys ferch Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr]]|[[Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr]]}}
| issue-link = #Issue and descendants
| issue-pipe = among others
| full name =
| house = [[House of Mathrafal|Mathrafal]]
| father = [[Gruffudd Fychan II]]
| mother = Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn
| signature = Glyndwr Pennal 1406.jpg
}}

'''Owain ap Gruffydd''' (28 May 1354{{snd}}20 September 1415), commonly known as '''Owain Glyndŵr''' ({{IPA|cy|ˈoʊain ɡlɨ̞nˈduːr}}, also '''Glyn Dŵr'''; anglicised as '''Owen Glendower''') was a Welsh leader, soldier and military commander in the [[Wales in the late Middle Ages|late Middle Ages]], who led a [[Glyndŵr rebellion|15-year-long Welsh revolt]] with the aim of ending [[Kingdom of England|English]] rule in [[Wales]]. He was an educated lawyer, forming the first Welsh parliament under his rule, and was the last native-born Welshman to claim the title [[Prince of Wales]].

During the year 1400, Glyndŵr, a Welsh soldier and [[Glyndyfrdwy|Lord of Glyndyfrdwy]] had a dispute with a neighbouring [[Peerage of England|English Lord]], the event which spiralled into a national revolt pitted common Welsh countrymen and nobles against the English military. In response to the [[rebellion]], discriminatory [[Penal laws against the Welsh|penal laws]] were implemented against the Welsh people; this deepened civil unrest and significantly increased support for Glyndŵr across Wales. Then, in 1404, after a series of successful castle [[siege]]s and several battlefield victories for the Welsh, Glyndŵr gained control of most of [[Wales]] and was proclaimed by his supporters as the Prince of Wales, in the presence of envoys from several other European kingdoms, and military aid was given from [[France]], [[Brittany]], and [[Scotland]]. He proceeded to summon the first Welsh parliament in [[Machynlleth]], where he outlined his plans for Wales which included building two universities, reinstating the [[medieval]] Welsh [[Cyfraith Hywel|laws of Hywel Dda]], and build an independent Welsh church.

The war continued, and over the next several years, the English gradually gained control of large parts of Wales. By 1409 Owain's last remaining [[castles]] of [[Harlech Castle|Harlech]] and [[Aberystwyth Castle|Aberystwyth]] had been captured by English forces. Glyndŵr refused two royal pardons and retreated to the Welsh hills and mountains with his remaining forces, where he continued to resist English rule by using [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] warfare tactics, until his disappearance in 1415, when he was recorded as having died by one of his followers, [[Adam of Usk]].

Glyndŵr was never captured or killed, and he was also never betrayed despite being a fugitive of the law with a large bounty. In [[Welsh culture]] he acquired a mythical status alongside [[Cadwaladr]], [[Cynon ap Clydno]] and [[King Arthur]] as a folk hero – 'The Foretold Son' ({{Langx|cy|Y Mab Darogan}}). In [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]'' he appears as the character [[Owen Glendower (Shakespeare character)|Owen Glendower]] as a king rather than a prince.

== Early life and marriage==
[[File:Sycharth home of Owain Glyndwr, Last Prince of Wales 02.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The site of Owain Glyndŵr's court at [[Sycharth]]. Only a mound remains after the building was burnt to the ground.]]

Owain ap Gruffydd ({{em|Owain Glyndŵr}}) was born during 1354 in [[Sycharth]], [[North East Wales]], into a powerful [[Welsh Marches|Anglo-Welsh]] [[gentry]] family. His father, [[Gruffydd Fychan II]] had a claim to be hereditary Prince of [[Powys Fadog]] and was the Baron of Glyndyfrdwy and [[Lord]] of [[Cynllaith Owain]], who died around 1370,{{sfn|Gower|2012|p=134}} leaving Glyndŵr's mother Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn, a woman with an accent from [[Ceredigion]] (Deheubarth), a widow when he was still a boy.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=14}} Owain Glyndŵr was a descendant of all three Welsh Royal Principalities ([[royal house]]s). Through his father, he was the heir of the former [[Kingdom of Powys]] ([[House of Mathrafal]]). And through his mother, he was the direct descendant and heir of both [[Deheubarth]] ([[House of Dinefwr]]) and [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] ([[House of Aberffraw]]).<ref name=Davies11/><ref name=Lloyd212/> He may also have been a descendant of the English [[King Edward I of England|King Edward I]], through his granddaughter Eleanor.<ref name=burke/><ref name=Panton/> However, the existence of Eleanor is disputed.{{sfn|Connolly|2021|p=205}}

The young Owain ap Gruffydd was possibly fostered at the home of [[David Hanmer]], a rising lawyer shortly to be a justice of the King's Bench, or at the home of [[Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel]]. Owain is then thought to have been sent to London to study law at the [[Inns of Court]], as a student in [[Westminster]], London,{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=15-16}}<ref name=Pierce/> for over a period of seven years. He was possibly in London during the [[Peasants' Revolt]] of 1381.{{sfn|Evans|2016|page=15}} By 1384, he was living in Wales and married to David's daughter, [[Margaret Hanmer]];{{sfn|Henken|1996|p=4}} their marriage took place, perhaps in 1383, in St Chad's Church, [[Hanmer, Wrexham|Hanmer]] in north-east Wales.{{sfn|Penberthy|2010|p=33}} Although other sources state that they were married in the 1370s.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|p=16}} They started a large family and Owain established himself as the [[squire]] of his ancestral lands at [[Sycharth]] and Glyndyfrdwy.{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=6,22,113}}

===Military service===
Glyndŵr joined the king's military service in 1384 when he undertook garrison duty under the Welshman Sir Gregory Sais on the English–Scottish border at [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]]. His surname Sais, meaning 'Englishman' in Welsh, refers to his ability to speak English, not common in Wales at the time.{{sfn|Carr|1977}} In August 1385, he served King [[Richard II]] under the command of [[John of Gaunt]], again in [[Scotland]].<ref name=tout427/><ref name=davies/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=18}} Then, in 1386, he was called to give evidence at the [[High Court of Chivalry]],<ref name="Pierce" /> in the ''[[Scrope v Grosvenor]]'' trial at [[Chester]] on 3 September that year. In March 1387, Owain fought as a [[squire]] to [[Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel]],<ref name=tout427/> where he saw action in the English Channel at the defeat of a Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off the coast of [[Kent]] during the [[Battle of Margate]]. Upon the death in late 1387 of his father-in-law, Sir David Hanmer, knighted earlier that same year by the then King of England, Richard II, Glyndŵr returned to Wales as executor of his estate.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=20}} Glyndŵr next served as a squire to Henry Bolingbroke (later King [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]),<ref name=Tout428/> son of John of Gaunt, at the short [[Battle of Radcot Bridge]] in December 1387.<ref name="Pierce" /> From 1384 until 1388 he had been active in military service and had gained three full years of military experience in different theatres, and had witnessed some key events and noteworthy people at first hand.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=18–20}}

King Richard was distracted by a growing conflict with the [[Lords Appellant]] from this time on. Glyndŵr's opportunities were further limited by the death of Sir Gregory Sais in 1390 and the sidelining of FitzAlan, and he probably returned to his stable Welsh estates,{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} living there quietly for ten years during his forties. The [[bard]] [[Iolo Goch]], himself a Welsh Lord, visited Glyndŵr in Sycharth in the 1390s and wrote a number of odes to Owain, praising his host's liberality and [[Owain Glyndŵr's Court|writing of Sycharth]], "Very rarely was a bolt or lock to be seen there."{{sfn|Johnston|1993|p=42}}{{sfn|Williams|2011|pages=20–22}}

==Glyndŵr's Welsh rebellion==
{{Main|Glyndŵr rebellion}}
===Prelude to rebellion===
In the late 1390s, a series of events occurred which cornered Owain, and forced his ambitions towards a rebellion. The events would later be called the Welsh Revolt, the Glyndŵr Rising (within Wales), or the Last War of Independence. His neighbour, [[Reynold Grey, 3rd Baron Grey of Ruthin|Baron Grey of Ruthin]], had seized control of some land, for which Glyndŵr appealed to the [[Parliament of England|English Parliament]]; however, Owain's petition for redress was ignored. Later, in 1400, Lord Grey did not inform Glyndŵr in time about a royal command to levy feudal troops for Scottish border service, thus enabling him to call Glyndŵr a traitor in London court circles.{{sfn|Allday|1981|p=51}} Lord Grey had stature in the royal court of Henry IV. The law courts refused to hear the case, or it was delayed because Lord Grey prevented Owain's letter from reaching the King, which would have repercussions.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=32}} Sources state that Glyndŵr was under threat because he had written an angry letter to Lord Grey, boasting that lands had come into his possession, and he had stolen some of Lord Grey's horses; and believing Lord Grey had threatened to "burn and slay" within his lands, he threatened retaliation in the same manner. Lord Grey then denied making the initial threat to burn and slay, and replied that he would take the incriminating letter to Henry IV's council and that Glyndŵr would hang for the admission of theft and treason contained within the letter.{{sfn|Mortimer|2013|pp=226-}} The deposed king, Richard II, had support in Wales, and in January 1400 serious civil disorder broke out in the English border city of [[Chester]] after the public execution of an officer of Richard II.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=34}}{{sfn|Skidmore|1978|p=24}}

===Initial revolts===
At Sycharth, in Glyndyfrdwy on 16 September 1400, in front of his immediate family, his in-laws, [[Welsh people]] from [[Berwyn, Denbighshire|Berwyn]], friends from [[North-East Wales]], the [[List of deans of St Asaph|Dean of St Asaph]] totalling 300 men, Owain Glyndŵr prophecised that he was the person to save his people from the English invasions, and proclaimed himself the Prince of Wales. The following day, he instigated a [[Glyndŵr rebellion|15-year rebellion]] against the rule of [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]. Then came a number of initial confrontations between Henry IV and Owain's followers in September and October 1400, as the revolt began to spread around North Wales.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=29–32, 35}} Glyndŵr, the self appointed Prince of Wales and his hundreds of followers launched an assault on Lord Grey's territories burning [[Ruthin]], they continued to [[Denbigh]], [[Rhuddlan Castle|Rhuddlan]], [[Flint, Wales|Flint]], [[Holt, Wrexham|Holt]], [[Oswestry]] and [[Welshpool]], all of which were seen as English towns in Wales. The initial revolt got the attention of the King of England after letters were sent asking for military assistance to combat the Welsh rebels.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=32–33}} Much of northern and central Wales went over to Glyndŵr, and from then on, he would only make an appearance to attack his enemy, his army using effective [[guerrilla warfare]] tactics against the English occupying territories.<ref name="Pierce" />{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=43}}

===Welsh rebellion===
[[File:Monument to Owain Glyndwr's Victory at Hyddgen - geograph.org.uk - 766570.jpg|thumb|Monument to Owain Glyndŵr's victory at the [[Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen]] in 1401|216x216px]]
On [[Good Friday]] (1 April) 1401, 40 of Glyndwr's men who were led by his cousins, [[Rhys ap Tudur]] and Gwilym ap Tudur took [[Conwy Castle]] in [[North Wales]]. In response, King Henry IV appointed [[Henry Percy (Hotspur)]] to bring the country to order. A month later, the King and the English parliament issued an amnesty on 10 March which applied to all rebels with the exception of Owain and his cousins, the [[Tudors of Penmynydd|Tudurs]]; however, both the Tudurs were eventually pardoned after they gave up Conwy Castle on 28 May that same year. Hotspur won a battle at [[Cadair Idris]] two days later, but that was to be his final service for the King of England, as he retired his command as leader of the English troops after dealing with Glyndŵr.<ref name=Tout429/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=41–42}} During that time in the spring of 1401, Glyndŵr appears in South Wales.<ref name=Tout429-430/>

In June, Glyndŵr scored his first major victory in the field at [[Mynydd Hyddgen]] on [[Pumlumon]]; however, retaliation by Henry IV on [[Strata Florida Abbey]] was to follow in October that same year.{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=430}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=43–44}} The rebel uprising had occupied all of North Wales; labourers seized whatever weapons they could, and farmers sold their cattle to buy arms. Secret meetings were held everywhere, and bards "wandered about as messengers of sedition". Henry IV heard of a Welsh uprising at [[Leicester]]; Henry's army wandered North Wales to [[Anglesey]] and drove out [[Franciscan friars]] who favoured Richard II. All the while Glyndŵr, who was in hiding, had his estate at Sycharth forfeited by the King to [[John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset]] on 9 November 1400.<ref name=Tout429/> Then, by autumn, Gwynedd and Ceredigion (which temporarily submitted to England for a pardon) and Powys adhered to the rising against the English rule by supporting the rebellion.<ref name=Tout429-430/> Glyndŵr's attempts at stoking rebellion with help from the Scottish and Irish were quashed, with the English showing no mercy and hanging some messengers.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

As a response to the situation of warfare in Wales, the [[Parliament of England|English Parliament]] between 1401 and 1402 enacted [[penal laws against the Welsh]], designed to coerce submission in Wales, but the result was to create resentment that pushed many Welshmen into the rebellion.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=37}} In the same year, Glyndŵr captured his archenemy Baron Grey de Ruthyn. He held him for almost a year until he received a substantial ransom from Henry. In June 1402, Glyndŵr defeated an English force led by Sir [[Edmund Mortimer, son of the 3rd Earl|Edmund Mortimer]] near [[Pilleth]] (the [[Battle of Bryn Glas]]), where Mortimer was captured. Glyndŵr offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom but, in sharp contrast to his attitude to de Grey, Henry IV refused to pay. Mortimer's nephew could be said to have had a greater claim to the English throne than Henry himself, so his speedy release was not an option. In response, Mortimer negotiated an alliance with Glyndŵr and married one of Glyndŵr's daughters.<ref name="Pierce" />{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=430}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=47–51}} It is also in 1402 that mention of the French and the people of [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] helping Owain's daughter Janet, who was negotiating on the continent for her father for two years until 1404.{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|page=215}}

News of the rebellion's success spread across Europe, and Glyndŵr began to receive naval support from [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]]. He also received the support of King [[Charles VI of France]], who agreed to send French troops and supplies to aid the rebellion.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=32, 91}} In 1403 Glyndwr had amassed an army of 4,000 in his first [[Division (military)|division]], and 12,000 soldiers in total. A Welsh army including a French contingent assimilated into forces mainly from [[Glamorgan]] and the [[Rhondda Valleys]] region commanded by Owain Glyndŵr, his senior general [[Rhys Gethin]] and Cadwgan, Lord of Glyn Rhondda, defeated a large English invasion force reputedly led by King Henry IV himself at the [[Battle of Stalling Down]] in [[Glamorgan]].{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|page=250}}{{sfn|Morgan|1911|pages=418–425}}

[[File:Glendower by A.C.Michael.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Depiction of Owain Glyndŵr in battle by [[Arthur Cadwgan Michael]]]]

Glyndŵr, facing years on the run, finally lost his estate in the spring of 1403, when Prince Henry as usual marched into Wales unopposed and burnt down Glyndŵr's houses at Sycharth and Glyndyfrdwy, as well as the [[commote]] of [[Edeirnion]] and parts of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]]. Glyndŵr continued to besiege towns and burn down castles; for 10 days in July that year, he toured the south and southwest of Wales until all of the south joined arms in rebelling against English rule. These actions induced an internal rebellion against the King of England, with the Percys joining the rising.{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=431}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=82}} It is around this stage of Glyndŵr's life that [[Hywel Sele]], a cousin of the Welsh prince, attempted to assassinate Glyndŵr at the [[Nannau, Wales|Nannau]] estate.<ref name=Tout433/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=62, 130, 142}}

In 1403, the revolt became truly national in Wales. Royal officials reported that Welsh students at [[Oxford University|Oxford]] and [[Cambridge University|Cambridge Universities]] were leaving their studies to join Glyndŵr,<ref name=Tout429/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=37}} and also that Welsh labourers and craftsmen were abandoning their employers in England and returning to Wales. Owain could also draw on Welsh troops seasoned by the English campaigns in France and Scotland. Hundreds of Welsh [[archery|archers]] and experienced [[men-at-arms]] left the English service to join the rebellion.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=84}}<ref name=Tout429/>

In 1404, Glyndŵr's forces took [[Aberystwyth Castle]] and [[Harlech Castle]],<ref name="Pierce" /> then continued to ravage the south by burning [[Cardiff Castle]]. Then, a court was held at [[Harlech]] and [[Gruffydd Young]] was appointed as the Welsh [[Chancellor]]. There had been communication to [[Louis I, Duke of Orléans]] in Paris to try (unsuccessfully) to open the Welsh ports to French trade.{{sfn|Tout|1901|page=432}}

=== Crowning as Prince of Wales ===
{{See also|Prince of Wales}}
By 1404, no less than four royal military expeditions into Wales had been repelled, and Owain had solidified his control of the nation. In 1404, he was proclaimed by his supporters Prince of Wales ({{langx|cy|Tywysog Cymru}}) and held parliaments at [[Machynlleth]] and [[Harlech]].{{sfn|Davies|1995|pp=163–164}} He also planned to build two national universities (one in the south and one in the north), to re-introduce the traditional [[Cyfraith Hywel|Welsh laws of Hywel Dda]], and to establish an independent Welsh church. There were envoys from other countries including France, Scotland, and the [[Kingdom of León]] (in Spain). In the summer of 1405, four representatives from every [[commote]] in Wales were sent to Harlech.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=104}}

{{multiple image|thumb|image1=Senedd-dy Owain Glyn Dwr Glyndwr, Machynlleth Parliament House, Cymru Wales 45.JPG|caption1=Rear of the [[Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House, Machynlleth|Parliament House]] in [[Machynlleth]]|image2=Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament at Machynlleth.jpg|caption2=Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament at Machynlleth.{{efn|(Illustration from ''Hutchinson's History of the Nations'', 1915)}}}}

===Tripartite indenture===
{{see also|Tripartite Indenture}}
In February 1405, Glyndŵr negotiated the {{em|Tripartite Indenture}} with Edmund Mortimer and [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland|Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland]]. The Indenture agreed to divide England and Wales among the three of them.<ref name="Pierce" /> Wales would extend as far as the rivers [[River Severn|Severn]] and [[River Mersey|Mersey]], including most of [[Cheshire]], [[Shropshire]] and [[Herefordshire]]. The [[Mortimer]] Lords of March would take all of southern and western England and the [[House of Percy|Percys]] would take the north of England.{{sfn|Davies|1994|p=195}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=107–111}}{{efn|R. R. Davies noted that certain internal features underscore the roots of Glyndŵr's political philosophy in Welsh mythology: in it, the three men invoke prophecy, and the boundaries of Wales are defined according to Merlinic literature.}}
Although negotiations with the lords of Ireland were unsuccessful, Glyndŵr had reason to hope that the French and Bretons might be more welcoming. He dispatched [[Gruffydd Young|Gruffydd Yonge]] and his brother-in-law ([[Margaret Hanmer|Margaret]]'s brother), John Hanmer, to negotiate with the French. The result was a formal treaty that promised French aid to Glyndŵr and the Welsh. The immediate effect seems to have been that joint Welsh and Franco-Breton forces attacked and laid siege to [[Kidwelly Castle]]. The Welsh could also count on semi-official fraternal aid from the Duchy of Brittany and from Scotland.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=75–77}} Scots and French [[privateer]]s were operating around Wales throughout Owain's war. Scottish ships had raided English settlements on the [[Llŷn Peninsula]] in 1400 and 1401. In 1403, a Breton squadron defeated the English in the Channel and devastated [[Jersey]], [[Guernsey]] and [[Plymouth]], while the French made a landing on the [[Isle of Wight]]. By 1404, they were raiding the coast of England, with Welsh troops on board, setting fire to [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]] and devastating the coast of [[Devon]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

1405 was the "Year of the French" in Wales. A formal treaty between Wales and France was negotiated. On the continent, the French pressed the English as the French army invaded the English Plantagenet [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=91–95}} Simultaneously, the French landed in force at [[Milford Haven]] in [[west Wales]], burned [[Haverfordwest]], and attempted to capture [[Pembroke Castle]] before they were bought off.<ref name=Tout433/> The combined forces of French and Welsh took Carmarthen, which Owain had captured in 1403 but lost again. The occupants were given safe passage out, and they burned the town walls. Enguerrand de Monstrelet, a later chronicler gives an uncorroborated account of a march through Herefordshire and on into [[Worcestershire]] to [[Woodbury Hill]], ten miles from [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]. They met the English army and took positions from which they daily and viewed each other from a mile without any major action for eight days. Then, both sides seeming to find engagement too risky, departed.{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=194}}

=== Letter to Charles VI of France ===
{{Main|Pennal Letter}}
{{multiple image|thumb|total_width=500px|image1=Seal impression - Owain Glyndŵr Great Seal (Horseback).jpg|caption1=Owain Glyndŵr Great Seal impression (On horseback)|image2=Owain Glyndŵr's Great Seal impression (on throne).jpg|caption2=Glyndŵr's Great Seal impression (On throne)|image3=Owain Glyndŵr's Privy seal impression (gold dragon and lion).jpg|caption3=Owain Glyndŵr's Privy seal impression (Coat of arms)}}

By 1405, most French forces had withdrawn after politics in [[Paris]] shifted towards peace, with the [[Hundred Years' War]] continuing between England and France.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=95}} On 31 March 1406 Glyndŵr wrote a letter to be sent to Charles VI of France in St Peter ad Vincula church at [[Pennal]], hence its naming after the location it was written at. Glyndŵr's letter requested to maintain military support from the French to fend off the English in Wales. Glyndŵr suggested that in return, he would recognise [[Antipope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]] of [[Avignon Papacy|Avignon]] as the [[Pope]]. The letter sets out the ambitions of Glyndŵr for an independent Wales with its own parliament, led by himself as Prince of Wales. These ambitions also included the return of the [[Cyfraith Hywel|traditional law]] of [[Hywel Dda]], rather than the enforced English law, establishment of an independent Welsh church as well as two universities, one in south Wales, and one in north Wales.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=102–104}} Following this letter, senior churchmen and important members of society flocked to Glyndŵr's banner and English resistance was reduced to a few isolated castles, walled towns, and [[fortified manor house]]s.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=104}}

Glyndŵr's Great Seal and a letter handwritten by him to the French in 1406 are in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris. This letter is currently held in the Archives Nationales in Paris. Facsimile copies involving specialist ageing techniques and moulds of Glyndŵr's seal were created by the [[National Library of Wales]] and presented by the heritage minister [[Alun Ffred Jones]] to six Welsh institutions in 2009.{{sfn|National Library of Wales|n.d.}} The royal great seal from 1404 was given to Charles IV of France and contains images and Glyndŵr's title –{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=101}} {{block quote|{{langx|la|Owynus Dei Gratia Princeps Walliae}} –<br/> "Owain, by the grace of God, Prince of Wales".}} Glyndwr referred to himself as the "Prince of Wales" and claimed his "right of inheritance" in these letters{{sfn|Siddons|1991|p=287}}

===The faltering rebellion===
[[File:Dialogues de Pierre Salmon - BNF Fr23279 f1v (scène de dédicace) (cropped).jpeg|thumb|upright|[[Charles VI of France]] did not continue to support Glyndŵr's revolt|left]]

In early 1405, the Welsh forces, who had until then won several easy victories, suffered a series of defeats. Glyndŵr's brother, Lord [[Tudur ap Gruffudd]], a commander during the war, died at the [[Battle of Pwll Melyn]] in May 1405. English forces landed in Anglesey from Ireland and would over time push the Welsh back until the resistance in Anglesey formally ended toward the end of 1406.<ref name=davies />

Following the intervention of French forces, battling ensued for years, and in 1406 Prince Henry restored fines and redemption for Welsh soldiers to choose their own fate, prisoners were taken after the battle, and castles were restored to their original owners, this same year a son of Glyndŵr died in battle. By 1408 Glyndŵr had taken refuge in the North of Wales, having lost his ally from Northumberland.<ref name=Tout433/>

Despite the initial success of the revolution, in 1407 the superior numbers, resources, and wealth that England had at its disposal eventually began to turn the tide of the war, and the much larger and better-equipped English forces gradually began to overwhelm the Welsh. In times of war, the English changed their strategy.{{fact|date=August 2024}} Rather than focusing on punitive expeditions as favoured by his father, the young Prince Henry adopted a strategy of economic blockade. Using the castles that remained in English control, he gradually began to retake Wales while cutting off trade and the supply of weapons. By 1407, this strategy was beginning to bear fruit, and by 1408, the English regained Aberystwyth and then marched north [[Harlech Castle]], which also surrendered during the cold winter into 1409. Edmund Mortimer died during the siege, and Owain's wife Margaret along with two of his daughters (including [[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Catrin]]) and three of Mortimer's granddaughters were captured on the fall of the castle and imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]]. They were all to die in the Tower in 1413 and were buried at [[St Swithin, London Stone]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=123–124, 127, 133–134}} Before his downfall, Glyndŵr was considered the wealthiest of all Welshmen.{{sfn|Carr|1995|pp=108–132}}

Glyndŵr managed to escape capture by disguising himself as an elderly man, sneaking out of the castle and slipping past the English military blockade in the darkness of the night.{{fact|date=August 2024}} Glyndŵr retreated to the Welsh wilderness with a band of loyal supporters; he refused to surrender and continued the war with guerrilla tactics such as launching sporadic raids and ambushes throughout Wales and the English borderlands.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=127–129}}

[[File:Harlech Castle - Cadw photograph.jpg|thumb|[[Harlech Castle]]]]

Glyndŵr remained free, but he had lost his ancestral home and was a hunted prince. He continued the rebellion, particularly wanting to avenge his wife. In 1410, Owain led a raid into rebel-controlled [[Shropshire]],<ref name="Pierce"/> and in 1412, he carried out one of the final successful raids. With his most faithful soldiers, he cut through the King's men in an ambush in [[Brecon]], where he captured, and later ransomed, a leading Welsh supporter of King Henry, [[Dafydd Gam]] ('Crooked David').{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=129–132}} This was the last time that Owain was seen alive by his enemies, although it was claimed he took refuge with the [[Scudamore family]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=135}} In the autumn, Glyndŵr's [[Aberystwyth Castle]] surrendered, while he was away fighting,{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=127–128}} but by then things were changing. Henry IV died in 1413, and his son [[Henry V of England|Henry V]] began to adopt a more conciliatory attitude towards the Welsh. Royal pardons were offered to the major leaders of the revolt and other opponents of his father's regime.{{sfn|Chapman|2015}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}} As late as 1414, there were rumours that the [[Herefordshire]]-based [[Lollard]] leader Sir [[John Oldcastle]] was communicating with Owain, and reinforcements were sent to the major castles in the north and south.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

On 21 December 1411, the King of England issued pardons to all Welsh except their leader and Thomas of Trumpington (until 9 April 1413, from which Glyndŵr was no longer excepted).<ref name=Tout434/> Glyndŵr ignored offers of a pardon on many different occasions, his followers continued to be punished for crimes of war until the 1410s. His death was recorded by a former follower in the year 1415.<ref name=Turvey1223/>

====Disappearance====
Nothing certain is known of Glyndŵr after 1412.<ref name="Pierce" /> Despite enormous rewards being offered, he was neither captured nor betrayed. He ignored royal pardons, and it is thought he died in 1415, and certainly by 1417. [[Adam of Usk]], a one-time supporter of Glyndŵr, and writing after the fact, made the following entry in his Chronicle for the year 1415: {{block quote|"he was buried at night by his followers. But his burial was detected by his opponents; so he was re-buried. But where his body lies is unknown."{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=327}}}}[[Thomas Pennant]] writes that Glyndŵr died on 20 September 1415 at the age of 61 (which would place his birth at approximately 1354).<ref name="pennant">{{harvnb|Pennant|1784|p=393}}</ref><ref name=Tout434/>

Glyndŵr may have lived his last days at [[Kentchurch]] in south [[Herefordshire]], the home of the Scudamore family.<ref name=Turvey1223/> The poet [[Lewys Glyn Cothi]] wrote an elegy for Gwenllian, an illegitimate daughter of Glyndŵr, where it was mentioned that at the time of the Welsh War of independence, the whole of Wales was under Glyndŵr's command, with forty [[dukes]] as the prince's allies, and that later in life he supported 62 female pensioners.{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|page=257}}

There are many folk tales of Glyndŵr donning disguises to gain an advantage over opponents during the rebellion,{{sfn|Bradley|1901|p=280}} and after his disappearance, there has been persistent speculation that the Welsh religious poet, [[Siôn Cent]], the family [[chaplain]] of the Scudamore family,{{sfn|Lewis|1959}} was Owain Glyndŵr in disguise.<ref name="gibbon">{{harvnb|Gibbon|2007}}</ref>

=== Burial===

Although the location of his burial is unknown, there has long been speculation where Glyndŵr's final resting place may be. In 1875, the Rev. [[Francis Kilvert]] wrote in his diary that he saw the grave of "Owen Glendower" in the churchyard at [[Monnington on Wye]] "[h]ard by the church porch and on the western side of it ... It is a flat stone of whitish-grey shaped like a rude obelisk figure, sunk deep into the ground in the middle of an oblong patch of earth from which the turf has been pared away, and, alas, smashed into several fragments."{{sfn|Plomer|1986}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}} Another nearby location is suggested by Adrien Jones, the president of the Owain Glyndŵr Society, who stated, "Four years ago we visited a direct descendant of Glyndŵr, a John Skidmore, at [[Kentchurch Court]], near [[Abergavenny]]. He took us to Mornington Straddle in [[Herefordshire]], where one of Glyndŵr's daughters, Alice, lived. Mr. Skidmore told us that he (Glyndŵr) spent his last days there and eventually died there... It was a family secret for 600 years, and even Mr Skidmore's mother, who died shortly before we visited, refused to reveal the secret. There's even a mound where he is believed to be buried at Mornington Straddle."{{sfn|BBC|2004}}

The historian [[Gruffydd Aled Williams]] suggests in a 2017 monograph that the burial site is in the Kimbolton Chapel near Leominster, the present parish church of St James the Great which used to be the chapelry of [[Leominster Priory]], based upon a number of manuscripts held in [[the National Archives (United Kingdom)|the National Archives]]. Although Kimbolton is an unexceptional and relatively unknown place outside of Herefordshire, it is closely connected to the Scudamore family.{{sfn|Williams|2017}}

==Issue and descendants==
[[File:William Blake, Visionary Head of Owen Glendower, 1819.jpg|thumb|upright|A sketch of Owain Glyndŵr as he appeared to [[William Blake]] in a late-night vision. This is one of a number of such sketches known collectively as the ''[[Visionary Heads]]''.{{sfn|Bentley|2002}}]]
Owain married [[Margaret Hanmer]], also known by her Welsh name Marred ferch Dafydd, and together they had five or six sons and four or five daughters. Also, Owain had some illegitimate children out of wedlock.<ref name="Pierce" /><ref name=Tout434/>{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=13}}<ref name=Lloyd/>

=== Sons ===
*[[Gruffudd ab Owain Glyndŵr|Gruffudd]] d. 1411.
*Madog.
*[[Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr|Maredudd]] alive in 1421.
*Thomas.
*John.

All of Owain and Margaret's sons from their marriage were either taken prisoner and died in confinement, or [[Killed in action|died in battle]] and had no issue. Gruffudd was captured in [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent]] by Prince Henry, imprisoned in [[Nottingham Castle]], and later taken to the [[Tower of London]] in 1410. Maredudd was recorded as communicating with [[John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|John Talbot]] and the English Crown on 24 February 1416, and receiving a royal [[pardon]] in 1421, but dying a few years later.<ref name =Tout434/><ref name=Lloyd/>

=== Daughters ===
*[[Alys ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Alice]] (Alys), m. [[John Scudamore (landowner)|John Scudamore]] of Ewyas.
*Jane.
*Janet, m. Sir John De [[Croft Castle|Croft]].
*Margaret, m. Sir Richard Monnington.
*[[Catrin ferch Owain Glyndŵr|Catherine]] (Catrin) (d. 1413), m. (1) [[Edmund Mortimer (rebel)|Edmund Mortimer]] (d. 1409), (2) Roger [[Earl of March|Mortimer]].

Upon Owain's disappearance and death, his eldest (oldest child with descendants) daughter Alice came to be known as the [[Lady]] of Glyndyfrdwy and [[Cynllaith]], and heiress [[de jure]] of the Principalities of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]], [[South Wales]] and [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]]. During 1431, she successfully went to court in [[Meirionydd]] to regain her inheritance as the heiress of Sycharth in Glyndyfrdwy against [[John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset| John, Earl of Somerset]], who had been granted Owain's forfeited lands by the King of England in 1400. Alice's descendants married into the Scudamore family and her direct descendant John Lucy Scudamore married the daughter of [[Harford Jones-Brydges]] in the early 19th century, and whose daughter in 1852 married the son of [[Edward Lucas (died 1871)|Edward Lucas]] from the [[Castleshane, County Monaghan|Castleshane]] estate in [[Ireland]]. Another daughter, Jane, married Henry, [[Baron Grey of Ruthin|Lord Grey de Ruthin]] without issue. Then, Janet married into the noble family of [[Croft Castle]] in Herefordshire, whose descendants today are titled the [[Croft baronets of Croft Castle (1671)|Croft Baronets]]. Whilst Margaret married a knight from Monnington, also in Herefordshire.<ref name=Tout429/>{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|pages=252–257}}

=== Illegitimate ===
Glyndŵr's illegitimate children with other women included [[Ieuan ab Owain Glyndŵr|Ieuan]], Myfanwy and Gwenllian, whilst it is debated whether his son David was born out of wedlock. Ieuan became Glyndŵr's only male descendant to have children. Like his other illegitimate kin, they remained in Wales and married locally into Welsh families. Gwenllian became the wife of Philip ab Rhys ab [[Cenarth]], and died near [[St Harmon]] in Powys ([[Radnorshire]]).{{sfn|Lloyd|1881|pages=252, 257–258}}

===Family poem===
Iolo Goch wrote of Glyndŵr's wife, Margaret:{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=133}}
{{blockquote|The best of wives.
Eminent woman of a knightly family,
Her children come in pairs,
A beautiful nest of chieftains.}}

== Welsh kingdoms lineage ==
Owain Glyndŵr had claims to royal ancestry from all three of the final ruling [[royal house]]s of Wales; Powys ([[House of Mathrafal|Mathrafal]]) and Deheubarth ([[House of Dinefwr|Dinefwr]]), and Gwynedd ([[House of Aberffraw|Aberffraw]]). His claims were clearest for the first two of these:<ref name=Lloyd212/><ref name=Davies11/>

{{Owain GD's Lineage}}

=== Gwynedd ancestry ===
As well as being a direct [[Genealogy|genealogical]] descendant of the final ruling monarchs of Powys and Deheubarth, Owain Glyndwr's ancestors were also descended from the Welsh medieval [[Kingdom of Gwynedd]], descended from the Gwynedd King [[Gruffudd ap Cynan]] (d. 1137), via his great-grandmother Gwenllian.<ref name=Pierce/><ref name=davies12/> However, some sources claim that another [[List of rulers of Gwynedd|ruler of Gwynedd]], [[Llywelyn ap Iorwerth]] (Llywelyn I, The Great d. 1240), Gruffudd ap Cynan's great-grandson, was Glyndwr's nearest Gwynedd royal ancestor.<ref name=Panton/> Elsewhere, a third suggestion is that he was descended from [[Llywelyn II|Llywelyn II, Prince of Wales]] (Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, d. 1282), and his daughter Catherine. Llywelyn II was Llywelyn I's grandson, and also the penultimate Prince of Gwynedd from the final generation of the Aberffraw rulers in Wales before his brother, [[Dafydd III]].<ref name=burke/>{{sfn|Turvey|2010|page=13}} Yet some historians note that Llywelyn II's only recorded child was a daughter, [[Gwenllian of Wales|Gwenllian]], who died in 1337 without issue.{{sfn|Pierce 1959b}}{{sfn|Messer|2017}} Professor [[John Edward Lloyd]] said: "There is no evidence that Llywelyn had any daughter but Gwenllian, born in the last year of his life and after his death confined for the rest of her days as a nun of the order of Sempringham".{{sfn|Lloyd|1919|p=128}} Lloyd's assessment has been repeated by those scholars.{{sfn|Davies|1994|p=154}}{{sfn|Maund|2011}} The claim to Gwynedd heritage through female lines, however, was subject to Welsh law and was legitimate, albeit with the recognition that "the direct male line of Gwynedd had undeniably become extinct in 1378. Its last representative was Owain Lawgoch."{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|p=12}}

==Banners and coat of arms==
<gallery widths="160" heights="160">
File:Arms of Owain Glyndŵr.svg|Owain Glyndŵr's coat of arms. It demonstrates his lineage from the princes of Gwynedd, whose image in the 13th century had been four passive lions. It was also used by [[pretender]] Prince of Wales, [[Owain Lawgoch]].{{sfn|Siddons|1991|p=287}}{{efn|[[Coat of Arms]]: Quarterly or and [[gules]], four [[Lion (heraldry)|lions]] [[Attitude (heraldry)#Rampant|rampant]] armed and langued [[Azure (heraldry)|azure]] counterchanged. The [[banner]] was modified from the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] banner/flag of Prince [[Llywelyn II]].{{sfn|Scott-Giles|1967|p=74}}}}
File:Y Draig Aur Owain Glyndŵr.jpg|alt=Gold dragon of Wales, a flag used by Glyndŵr in his independence campaign.: 238 : 43|[[Gold dragon of Wales]], a modern image of a flag Glyndŵr used in his independence campaign.{{sfn|de Usk|Thompson|1904|p=238}}{{sfn|Ramsay|1892|p=43}}
File:Arms of Owen Glyndwr 02949.jpg|Arms assigned Owain Glyndŵr in ''A Tour in Wales'' by [[Thomas Pennant]] (1726–1798), which chronicles the three journeys he made through Wales between 1773 and 1776.<ref name="pennant" />{{sfn|Pennant|1784|page=326}}
</gallery>

== Legacy ==
In [[Welsh culture]] Glyndŵr acquired a mythical status alongside other medieval [[List of legendary kings of Britain|kings]] such as [[Cadwaladr]], [[Cynon ap Clydno]] and [[King Arthur]]. He was perceived as a folk hero awaiting a call to return and liberate his people in the classic Welsh mythical role – {{lang|cy|Y Mab Darogan}} ("The Foretold Son"). The myth was that one day after a thousand years of servitude under English rule, a 'Son of Prophecy' would return the Welsh people as rulers of the island of [[Great Britain]].{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=144/5}}{{sfn|Davies|Jenkins|Baines|2008|p=635}} Also, in [[Welsh folklore]], the name [[Owain]] has been connected to a legend of the 'son of destiny'. His claim as the Prince of Wales was similar to that of another distant relative from the Gwynedd dynasty. It was another Owain, [[Owain Lawgoch|Lawgoch]] (Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri) who proclaimed his patrimony a few decades earlier, when he attempted to regain his family stature with aid from the King of France in a Franco-Welsh alliance from the late 1360s, until his assassination in 1378.{{sfn|Turvey|2010|pages=115–116}}

===Modern legacy===
{{multiple image|total_width=450px|image1=Cofeb Owain Glyn Dŵr, Machynlleth.jpg|caption1=The Owain Glyndŵr Stone in Machynlleth|image2=Owain Glyndŵr at Cardiff City Hall.jpg|caption2=Statue of Glyndŵr at [[City Hall, Cardiff|Cardiff City Hall]]<ref name=Davies152/>|image3=Corwen- Owain Glyndwr Statue (geograph 6130573 cropped).jpg|caption3=Equestrian statue in Corwen}}

*Glyndŵr was described by [[Fidel Castro]] as the first effective guerrilla leader. It has been suggested that Castro, who may have kept books about the Welshman, and [[Che Guevara]] copied some of Glyndŵr's methods in the [[Cuban Revolution]].{{sfn|Roberts|2017}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}}{{sfn|Williams|2003|p=18}}

*During the [[First World War]], the prime minister [[David Lloyd George]] unveiled a statue to Glyndŵr in [[City Hall, Cardiff#Marble Hall|Cardiff City Hall]].{{sfn|Davies|1995|p=v}} A statue of Glyndŵr by the sculptor Simon van de Put was installed in The Square in [[Corwen]] in 1995, and in 2007 it was replaced with a larger equestrian statue by Colin Spofforth.{{sfn|Van Tilburg|2021}}

*Glyndŵr came second to [[Aneurin Bevan]] in the [[100 Welsh Heroes]] poll of 2003/2004.{{sfn|100 Welsh Heroes|2004}} Stamps were issued with his likeness in 1974 and 2008,{{sfn|BBC|2008}} and streets, parks, and public squares were named after him throughout Wales. There is a campaign to make 16 September ([[Owain Glyndŵr Day]]), the date Glyndŵr raised his standard, a [[public holiday]] in Wales, including by [[Dafydd Wigley]] in 2021.{{sfn|Wigley|2021}}

*[[RGC 1404]] (Rygbi Gogledd Cymru/North Wales Rugby) rugby union team is named in honour of the year Owain Glyndŵr was crowned [[Prince of Wales]].{{sfn|BBC|2010}}

*A road in [[Aberystwyth]] was renamed as "Owain Glyndwr Square".<ref name=Davies152/>

*To celebrate the 600th year anniversary of Glyndŵr's life, a monument was erected in Machynlleth in the grounds of Plas Machynlleth.<ref name=Davies152/>

*In January 2025 a mural depicting Glyndwr appeared overnight in [[Ruthin]], North Wales. He was shown on horseback waving a sword. Due to it's technique the work was originally thought to be by Banksy but it was in fact from the artist DNZ. <ref>{{cite web |title=Three absolutely stunning Banksy-style murals appear in Rhyl |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/three-absolutely-stunning-banksy-style-30787068 |website=Daily Post |date=2025-07-22 |access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref>

====Meibion Glyndŵr====
Glyndŵr is now remembered as a national hero and numerous small groups have adopted his symbolism to advocate [[Welsh independence|independence for Wales]] or Welsh nationalism. For example, during the 1980s, a group calling itself [[Meibion Glyndŵr]] ("the Sons of Glyndŵr") claimed responsibility for the burning of English holiday homes in Wales.{{sfn|Brooke|2018|p=60}}

=== Literature ===
*After Glyndŵr's death, there was little resistance to English rule. The [[Tudor dynasty]] saw Welshmen become more prominent in English society. In ''[[Henry IV, Part 1]]'', [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] portrays him as [[Owen Glendower (Shakespeare character)|Owen Glendower]] (the name has since been adopted as the anglicised version of Owain Glyndŵr),{{sfn|Shakespeare|1998|p=288}} wild and exotic; a man who claims to be able to "call spirits from the vasty deep", ruled by magic and tradition in sharp contrast to the more logical but highly emotional Hotspur.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=146}} Glendower is further noted as being "not in the roll of common men" and "a worthy gentleman,/Exceedingly well read, and profited/ In strange concealments, valiant as a lion/And as wondrous affable and as bountiful/As mines of India."{{sfn|Shakespeare|1998|loc=3.1}} His enemies describe him "that damn'd magician", which was in reference to having the weather on his side in battle.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=142}}

*It was not until the late 19th century that Glyndŵr's reputation was revived, when the [[Cymru Fydd]] ("Young Wales") movement recreated Glyndŵr as the father of [[Welsh nationalism]].{{sfn|Arron|2013}}

*Glyndŵr later acquired mythical status as the hero awaiting a call to return and liberate his people.{{sfn|Davies|Jenkins|Baines|2008|p=635}}{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=137}} [[Thomas Pennant]], in his ''Tours in Wales'' (1778, 1781 and 1783), searched out and published many of the legends and places associated with the memory of Glyndŵr.<ref name="pennant" /> Glyndŵr has been featured in a number of works of modern fiction, including most notably [[John Cowper Powys]]'s novel ''[[Owen Glendower (novel)|Owen Glendower]]'' (1941),{{sfn|Powys|1941}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}} and [[Edith Pargeter]]'s 1972 publication ''A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury''.{{sfn|Parteger|1989}}{{Page needed|date=November 2024}}

*A highly fictionalized Glyndŵr is featured in the popular YA book series [[The Raven Cycle]] by [[Maggie Stiefvater]] as Owen Glendower. In the series, which takes place in the [[Shenandoah Valley]], characters believe that Glyndŵr's body was brought from Wales to [[Virginia]] after his death, and that whoever can "wake" him will be granted a favor.{{sfn|Stiefvater|2015}}
*In 2026, a new play by [[Gary Owen (playwright)|Gary Owen]] called ''Owain &'' ''Henry,'' about Glyndŵr's rebellion against the rule of [[Henry IV of England]] in the 15th century, will be performed at the [[Welsh National Theatre]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Owain & Henry |url=https://www.welshnationaltheatre.com/owain-and-henry |access-date=11 September 2025 |website=Welsh National Theatre |language=en-GB}}</ref> with [[Michael Sheen]] playing Glyndŵr.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Michael Sheen to portray 'iconic' Welsh prince Owain Glyndwr |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yr8y5exgpo |access-date=11 September 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh National Theatre to Stage Owain and Henry with Michael Sheen |url=https://www.londontheatrenews.co.uk/news/welsh-national-theatre-to-stage-owain-and-henry-with-michael-sheen |access-date=11 September 2025 |website=London Theatre News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2025 |title=Welsh National Theatre to stage new play, Owain and Henry, with Michael Sheen |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/news/welsh-national-theatre-to-stage-new-play-owain-and-henry-with-michael-sheen_1672047/ |access-date=11 September 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Namesakes ===
{{multiple image|thumb|image1=The 'Owen Glendower', East Indiaman, 1000 Tons. (Entering Bombay Harbour) RMG PY0566.tiff|caption1="Owen Glendower", East Indiaman, entering Bombay Harbour|image2=Vale of Rheidol Railway 7.jpg|caption2=VoR 2-6-2T No.7 "Owain Glyndwr", built at GWR Swindon Works 1923}}

*The [[Owain Glyndwr Hotel]] in [[Corwen]] is a historic 18th century coaching inn.{{sfn|Cadw|n.d.}}
*The Owain Glyndŵr pub in Cardiff, briefly named Owen Glendower was named in his honour.<ref name=Davies152/>
*The waymarked, 132-mile [[long-distance footpath]] [[Glyndŵr's Way]] runs through [[Mid Wales]] near to his homelands.{{sfn|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=153}}
*At least two ships and two locomotives have been named after Glyndŵr:
** In 1808, the [[Royal Navy]] launched a 36-gun [[fifth-rate]] frigate,{{HMS|Owen Glendower|1808|6}}. She served in the Baltic Sea during the [[Gunboat War]] where she participated in the seizure of [[Anholt (Denmark)|Anholt]] Island, and then in the Channel. Between 1822 and 1824, she served in the [[West Africa Squadron]] (or "Preventative Squadron") chasing down [[slave ship]]s, capturing at least two;{{sfn|Burke|2011}}
** Owen Glendower, an [[East Indiaman]], a [[Blackwall frigate]] built in 1839;{{sfn|Royal Museums Greenwich|n.d.}}
** In 1923, a [[2-6-2]]T [[GWR Rheidol Tanks#Preservation|Vale of Rheidol locomotive]] was named after Glyndŵr. The locomotive is still operational and was one of a few used by [[British Rail]] until it was [[privatised]];{{sfn|Johnson|2020}}{{sfn|Reading|Reading|2023}}
** 70010 ''Owen Glendower'', renamed ''Owain Glyndŵr'', built in 1951 at the [[Crewe Works]], it was withdrawn in June 1965. It was a [[BR Standard Class 7|British Railways Standard Class 7]] mixed-traffic steam locomotive.{{sfn|Langston|2012|p=45}}
*In 2002, a plaque was unveiled near the [[Tower of London]] to commemorate Glyndwr's Glyndŵr Catrin who died there with her children.<ref name=Davies152/>
* From 2008 to 2023, [[Wrexham University]] was known as (Wrexham) Glyndŵr University in his honour. Despite dropping the name in 2023, the university maintains links with the Owain Glyndŵr Society for one of its annual graduate awards.{{sfn|Wrexham University|2023}}

==See also==
* [[Owain Glyndŵr Day]]
* [[Owain Glyndŵr's Court]]
* [[Glyndŵr Award]]
* [[Buildings associated with Owain Glyndŵr]]
* [[Welsh rebellions against English rule]]
* [[Welsh heraldry]]
* [[Welsh Seal]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Pierce>{{harvnb|Pierce|1959}}</ref>
<ref name=burke>{{harvnb|Burke|1876|pages=7, 43, 51, 97}}</ref>
<ref name=Davies11>{{harvnb|Davies|Morgan|2009|pages=11, 13}}</ref>
<ref name=davies12>{{harvnb|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=12}}</ref>
<ref name=Davies152>{{harvnb|Davies|Morgan|2009|page=152}}</ref>
<ref name=tout427>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=427}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout428>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=428}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout429>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=429}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout429-430>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=429-430}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout433>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=433}}</ref>
<ref name=Tout434>{{harvnb|Tout|1901|page=434}}</ref>
<ref name=Panton>{{harvnb|Panton|2011|p=173}}</ref>
<ref name=davies>{{harvnb|Davies|1995}}</ref>
<ref name=Lloyd>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1881|page=252}}</ref>
<ref name=Lloyd212>{{harvnb|Lloyd|1881|pages=194, 197, 212}}</ref>
<ref name=Turvey1223>{{harvnb|Turvey|2010|pages=122/3}}</ref>
}}

===Notes===
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|2|indent=yes}}


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*{{cite web
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*{{cite web |title=100 Welsh Heroes |url=http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/homepage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413214449/http://www.100welshheroes.com/en/homepage |archive-date=13 April 2014 |website=100welshheroes|date=2004|ref={{harvid|100 Welsh Heroes|2004}}}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=The history of the principality of Wales. : In three parts| first=Robert| last=Burton|location=[[Paternoster Row]], London|year=1730}} – {{google book |id=jKNbAAAAQAAJ |title=A history of the Principality of Wales|pages=154–158}}
*{{cite book| first1= Jon |last1=Latimer| title=Deception in War| year=2001|first2=John|last2= Murray|pages=12–13}}
*{{cite book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|volume=1| first=Walter Bezant| last=Lowe| year=1912|pages=205–207}} – {{google book|title=The Heart of Northern Wales|id=93I_AQAAMAAJ|page=205}}
*{{cite book|first= J. E.|last= Lloyd|title=Owen Glendower|url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1095859W/Owen_Glendower |year=1931|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}
*{{cite book| first=Owen| last=Morgan| editor-link=Owen Morgan| title=A history of Wales from the Earliest Period: Including Hitherto Unrecorded Antiquarian Lore| year=1911}} – {{google book|id=PkH5CHytrOgC&num|title=A History of Wales}}
*{{cite book|title=Burke's Peerage & Baronetage|edition= 106|first=Charles|last= Moseley|author-link=Charles Moseley (writer)| date=1 August 1999|pages=714, 1295| url=https://www.burkespeerage.com/|issn=0950-4125}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Owain Glyndŵr}}
{{Wikisource|A Short History of Wales/Chapter 15|Owen Glendower}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.canolfanowainglyndwr.org/home|website=canolfanowainglyndwr.org|title=Canolfan & Senedd-Dŷ Owain Glyndŵr (Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament & Centre)}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.owain-glyndwr-soc.org.uk/|website=owain-glyndwr.wales|title= The Owain Glyndŵr Society}}

==Royal succession==
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Powys Fadog| Lordship of Glyndyfrdwy]]||1354|20 September|1415}}
{{s-reg|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gruffydd Fychan II]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Powys Fadog|Hereditary Lord of Glyndyfrdwy]]|years=1369 – {{circa|1415}}}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-hou|[[Prince of Wales]]}}
{{s-bef|before='''Welsh title:''' [[Dafydd ap Gruffudd]] (1283)}}<br />'''English title:''' '''[[Henry V of England]] (1399–1413)'''<br/>'''Pretender: [[Owain Lawgoch]] (1363/78)'''
{{s-tul|title=Prince of Wales|years=1400 – {{circa|1415}}}}
{{s-aft|after= [[Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales]] (1453{{snd}}1471)}}
{{S-end}}

{{Henriad}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Glyndwr, Owain}}
[[Category:14th-century births]]
[[Category:1410s deaths]]
[[Category:1410s missing person cases]]
[[Category:14th-century Welsh lawyers]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs in Europe]]
[[Category:15th-century Welsh military personnel]]
[[Category:Glyndŵr rebellion|*]]
[[Category:House of Mathrafal|Owain]]
[[Category:Missing person cases in Wales]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Powys]]
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[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
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[[Category:15th-century rebels]]

Hillsborough disaster

2025-09-28T12:11:32Z

Notjamesbond: /* Effect on stadiums in Britain */ removed update tag as have now updated this section

{{Short description|Fatal crowd crush during 1989 FA Cup semi-final}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Hillsborough disaster
| image = Hillsborough disaster main.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = The Leppings Lane end inside [[Hillsborough Stadium]] during the disaster (goalposts centre)
| map = {{Location map many | Sheffield
| width = 300
| float = center
| label = Hillsborough Stadium
| caption = Hillsborough Stadium in [[Sheffield]]
| position = right
| background =
| coordinates = {{coord|53.4115|N|1.5016|W|region:GB-SHF_type:event}}}}
| also_known_as =
| time = 14:00–16:10 [[GMT]]
| duration =
| date = {{Start date and age|1989|04|15|df=yes}}
| venue = [[Hillsborough Stadium]]
| location = [[Sheffield]], [[South Yorkshire]], England
| coordinates = {{coord|53.4115|N|1.5016|W|region:GB-SHF_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Human crush]]
| cause = Overcrowding in central pens of stand
| first_reporter =
| patron = 
| organisers = 
| filmed_by =
| participants =
| outcome =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| reported deaths = 97
| reported injuries = 766
| reported property damage =
| inquiries = {{plainlist|
* [[Taylor Report]] (1990)
* [[Hillsborough Independent Panel]] (2012)}}
| inquest = {{plainlist|
* Stefan Popper<br />(1st inquest, 1989–1991)
* [[John Goldring|Sir John Goldring]]<br />(2nd inquest, 2014–2016)}}
| coroner =
| accused =
| convicted =
| charges =
| trial =
| verdict =
| publication_bans =
| litigation =
| notes =
}}

The '''Hillsborough disaster''' was a fatal [[Crowd collapses and crushes|crowd crush]] at a football match at [[Hillsborough Stadium]] in [[Sheffield]], South Yorkshire, England, on 15 April 1989. It occurred during an [[FA Cup]] semi-final between [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] and [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] in the two standing-only central pens within the Leppings Lane stand allocated to Liverpool supporters. Shortly before kick-off, police match commander David Duckenfield ordered exit gate C to be opened in an attempt to ease crowding, which led to an influx of supporters entering the pens.<ref name="Myths dispelled">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-35473732|title=Five Hillsborough myths dispelled by inquests jury|first=Richard |last=Turner |website=BBC News Online |date=28 April 2016 |access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref> This resulted in overcrowding of those pens and the fatal crush; with a total of 97 fatalities and 766 injuries, the disaster is the deadliest in British sporting history.<ref name="BBC timeline">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-47697569 |title=Hillsborough: Timeline of the 1989 stadium disaster |date=8 April 2022|website=BBC News|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref> Ninety-four people died on the day; one more died in hospital days later, and two more suffered irreversible brain damage on the day and died in 1993 and 2021 respectively.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/jul/28/liverpool-fans-death-ruled-as-97th-victim-of-hillsborough-disaster |title=Liverpool fan's death ruled as 97th of Hillsborough disaster |last1=Conn |first1=David |last2=Vinter |first2=Robyn |date=28 July 2021 | work=The Guardian |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> The match was abandoned and replayed at [[Old Trafford]] in [[Manchester]] on 7 May 1989; Liverpool won and went on to win [[1988–89 FA Cup|that season's FA Cup]].

In the following days and weeks, [[South Yorkshire Police]] (SYP) fed the press false stories suggesting that [[football hooliganism]] and drunkenness by Liverpool supporters had caused the disaster. Blaming Liverpool fans persisted even after the [[Taylor Report]] of 1990, which found that the main cause was a failure of [[crowd control]] by SYP.<ref name="Tragedy to truth">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zpdc7hv |title=Hillsborough Disaster: From tragedy to truth |work=BBC News |access-date=10 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430083331/https://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zpdc7hv}}</ref> Following the Taylor Report, the [[Director of Public Prosecutions (England and Wales)|Director of Public Prosecutions]] ruled there was no evidence to justify prosecution of any individuals or institutions.<ref name="Tragedy to truth" /> The disaster led to a number of safety improvements in the largest English football grounds, notably the elimination of fenced [[Terrace (stadium)|standing terraces]] in favour of [[all-seater stadium]]s in the top two tiers of English football.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/04/26/the-legacy-of-hillsborough---how-football-has-changed/|title=The legacy of Hillsborough – how football has changed|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|access-date=10 May 2016|date=26 April 2016|last1=Rumsby|first1=Ben|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525065415/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/04/26/the-legacy-of-hillsborough---how-football-has-changed/ |archive-date=25 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=Guardian_ashes>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/apr/13/liverpool-hillsborough-disaster-anniversary |title=Out of the ashes of Hillsborough, modern football was born |last=Gibson |first=Owen |date=13 April 2009 |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504053758/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/apr/13/liverpool-hillsborough-disaster-anniversary |archive-date=4 May 2016}}</ref>

The first coroner's inquests into the Hillsborough disaster, completed in 1991, concluded with verdicts of "[[accidental death]]" in respect of all the deceased.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/dec/19/hillsborough-high-court-quashes-inquest-verdicts|title=High court quashes Hillsborough inquest verdicts|last=Gibson|first=Owen|date=19 December 2012|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> Families disputed the findings,<ref name="Tragedy to truth" /> and fought to have the case re-opened. In 1997 [[Murray Stuart-Smith|Lord Justice Stuart-Smith]] concluded that there was no justification for a new inquiry.<ref name="Tragedy to truth" /> [[Private prosecution]]s brought by the Hillsborough Family Support Group against Duckenfield and his deputy Bernard Murray failed in 2000.<ref name="Tragedy to truth" /> In 2009 a Hillsborough Independent Panel was formed to review the evidence.<ref name="Tragedy to truth" /><ref name="David Conn">{{cite web|last=Conn |first=David |date=17 April 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/apr/17/hillsborough-liverpool-andy-burnham |title=Not 'justice' but full truth may finally be possible for Hillsborough victims |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 September 2012}}</ref> Reporting in 2012, it confirmed Taylor's 1990 criticisms and revealed details about the extent of police efforts to shift blame onto fans, the role of other emergency services and the errors of the first coroner's inquests.<ref name=BBC19543964>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-19543964|title=Hillsborough papers: Cameron apology over 'double injustice'|work=BBC News|date=12 December 2012|access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/12/hillsborough-disaster-david-cameron-apologises|title=Hillsborough disaster: David Cameron apologises for 'double injustice'|date=12 September 2012|work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London|first1=Owen|last1=Gibson|author-link2=David Conn |first2=David|last2=Conn|first3=Haroon |last3=Siddique |access-date=12 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=BBC19577033>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-19577033 |title=Hillsborough report: Key findings |date=12 September 2012 |access-date=10 December 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> The panel's report resulted in the previous findings of accidental death being quashed, and the creation of new coroner's inquests. It also produced two criminal investigations led by police in 2012: Operation Resolve to look into the causes of the disaster, and by the [[Independent Police Complaints Commission]] (IPCC) to examine actions by police in the aftermath.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.gov.uk/hillsborough/the-investigation |title=Hillsborough – the investigation |publisher=Independent Police Complaints Commission |website=ipcc.gov.uk |access-date=10 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323132258/https://www.ipcc.gov.uk/hillsborough/the-investigation}}</ref>

The second coroner's inquests were held from 1 April 2014 to 26 April 2016.<ref name="auto" /> They ruled that the supporters were [[Unlawful killing|unlawfully killed]] owing to [[Gross negligence|grossly negligent]] failures by police and ambulance services to fulfil their [[duty of care]].<ref name="Myths dispelled" /><ref name="Tragedy to truth" /> The inquests also found that the design of the stadium contributed to the crush, and that supporters were not to blame for the dangerous conditions.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/apr/26/hillsborough-inquests-jury-says-96-victims-were-unlawfully-killed |title=Hillsborough inquests jury rules 96 victims were unlawfully killed|last=Conn|first=David|date=26 April 2016|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref> Public anger over the actions of their force during the second inquests led to the suspension of the SYP [[chief constable]], David Crompton, following the verdict.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dodd |first1=Vikram |last2=Stewart |first2=Heather |date=27 April 2016 |title=South Yorkshire police chief suspended after Hillsborough verdict |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/27/south-yorkshire-police-chief-suspended-over-hillsborough-verdict |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> In June 2017, six people were charged with offences including [[manslaughter|manslaughter by gross negligence]], [[misconduct in public office]] and [[perverting the course of justice]] for their actions during and after the disaster. The [[Crown Prosecution Service]] subsequently dropped all charges against one of the defendants.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/oct/21/the-great-betrayal-how-the-hillsborough-families-were-failed-by-the-justice-system|title=The great betrayal: how the Hillsborough families were failed by the justice system|last=Conn|first=David|date=21 October 2021|work=The Guardian|access-date= 21 October 2021}}</ref>
{{TOCLimit|4}}

==Before the disaster==
[[File:The Leppings Lane Stand at Hillsborough in 1991 - geograph.org.uk - 2807209 (cropped).jpg|thumb|The West Stand of Sheffield Wednesday's [[Hillsborough Stadium]], where the disaster unfolded, seen two years later in 1991]]

===Venue===
[[Hillsborough Stadium]] had been constructed in 1899 to house [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]. It was selected by [[the Football Association]] (FA) as a neutral venue to host the FA Cup semi-final between [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] and [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest Football Club]]s. Kick-off was scheduled for 3:00 pm on 15 April 1989, and fans were advised to take up positions 15 minutes beforehand.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-35473732|title=Five Hillsborough Myths Dispelled by Inquests Jury |work=BBC News |date=28 April 2016 |access-date=8 March 2017}}</ref>

At the time of the disaster most English football stadiums had high steel fencing between the spectators and the playing field in response to [[pitch invasion]]s. [[Football hooliganism|Hooliganism]] had affected the sport for some years and was particularly virulent in England.<ref name="Before Hillsborough">{{cite news |title=Before Hillsborough fans were seen as terrace fodder. Now they are customers to be wooed and cosseted|first=David |last=Lacey |date=15 April 1999 |work=The Guardian |location=UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/1999/apr/15/newsstory.sport1|access-date=1 August 2007}}</ref> Since 1974, when these security standards were put in place, crushes had occurred in several English stadiums.<ref name="Major Accidents">{{cite web |title=Deaths and Injuries at Major Accidents at British Football Stadiums |url=http://www.flaweb.org.uk/docs/specsafe/majaccbr.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418004904/http://www.flaweb.org.uk/docs/specsafe/majaccbr.php |archive-date=18 April 2009 |publisher=Football Licensing Authority |access-date=11 July 2007}}</ref>

A report by Eastwood & Partners for a safety certificate for the stadium in 1978 concluded that although it failed to meet the recommendations of the ''[[Green Guide]]'', a guide to safety at sports grounds, the consequences were minor. It emphasised the general situation at Hillsborough was satisfactory compared with most grounds.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=67}} Sheffield Wednesday were later criticised for neglecting safety in the stadium, especially after an incident in the semi-final of the 1981 FA Cup. The Leppings Lane end of the ground did not hold a valid safety certificate at the time of the disaster; it had not been updated since 1979.<ref name = "families">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/19/hillsborough-families-sheffield-wednesday-manslaughter-charge |first=David |last=Conn |title=Hillsborough families call for Sheffield Wednesday manslaughter inquiry |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media |date=19 September 2012 |access-date=19 September 2012}}</ref>

Risks associated with confining fans in pens were highlighted by the ''Committee of Inquiry into Crowd Safety at Sports Grounds'' (the [[Oliver Popplewell|Popplewell]] inquiry) after the [[Bradford City stadium fire]] in May 1985. It made recommendations on the safety of crowds penned within fences,<ref>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Daniel|title=How Bradford fire neglect left Hillsborough doomed to disaster|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/sep/15/hillsborough-bradford-daniel-taylor|work=The Guardian Sports Blog |access-date=15 September 2012|date=15 September 2012}}</ref> including that "all exit gates should be manned at all times ... and capable of being opened immediately from the inside by anyone in an emergency".<ref>{{cite book|title=Cmd 9710: Committee of Inquiry into Crowd Safety at Sports Grounds Final Report|year=1986|publisher=The Stationery Office, London|page=62|url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/HWP000000170001.html|access-date=15 September 2012|archive-date=1 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101214652/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/HWP000000170001.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Previous incidents====
Hillsborough hosted five FA Cup semi-finals in the 1980s. During the 1981 semi-final between [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] and [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], a crush occurred at the Leppings Lane end of the ground after hundreds more spectators were permitted to enter the terrace than could safely be accommodated, resulting in 38 injuries, including broken arms, legs and ribs.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=21}} Police believed there would have been a real chance of fatalities had swift action not been taken, and recommended that the club reduce its capacity. In a post-match briefing to discuss the incident, Sheffield Wednesday chairman [[Bert McGee]] remarked: "Bollocks – no one would have been killed".<ref>{{cite web|type=Witness statement |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/SWF000001370001.pdf |title=Assistant Chief Constable Robert James Goslin |website=hillsborough.independent.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101214708/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/SWF000001370001.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |date=14 August 1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first= David|url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/19/hillsborough-families-sheffield-wednesday-manslaughter-charge |title=Safety failings that contributed to death of 96 Liverpool fans were foreseeable |work=The Guardian|date= 19 September 2012|access-date=22 September 2012}}</ref> The incident nonetheless prompted Sheffield Wednesday to alter the layout at the Leppings Lane end, dividing the terrace into three separate pens to restrict sideways movement.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=|loc=Part 2: Chapter 1. 1981–1989: unheeded warnings, the seeds of disaster}} This particular change, and other later alterations to the stadium, invalidated the stadium's safety certificate which was not renewed, and the stated capacity of the stadium was never changed.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=|loc=Part 2: Chapter 1. 1981–1989: unheeded warnings, the seeds of disaster}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/local/sheffield-licensing-officer-from-time-of-hillsborough-disaster-still-works-for-council-1-4929787|title=Sheffield licensing officer from time of Hillsborough disaster still works for council|work=Sheffield Star|access-date=22 September 2012}}</ref> The terrace was divided into five pens when the club was promoted to the First Division in 1984, and a [[crush barrier]] near the access tunnel was removed in 1986 to improve the flow of fans entering and exiting the central enclosure.

After the crush in 1981, Hillsborough was not selected to host an FA Cup semi-final again until 1987.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=|loc=Part 2: Chapter 1. 1981–1989: unheeded warnings, the seeds of disaster}} Significant overcrowding was observed at the ground during that year's quarter-final between Sheffield Wednesday and [[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]],<ref name="cov_obs1">{{cite news|last=Carpente|first= Steve|url=http://www.coventryobserver.co.uk/2012/09/20/news-Sky-Blues-fans-recall-Hillsborough-choas-50631.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020060706/http://www.coventryobserver.co.uk/2012/09/20/news-Sky-Blues-fans-recall-Hillsborough-choas-50631.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 October 2012|title=Sky Blues fans recall Hillsborough choas |work=Coventry Observer|date=19 September 2012|access-date=22 September 2012}}</ref> and again during the semi-final between Coventry City and [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]].<ref name="cov_obs2">{{cite news|last=Bates|first= Matthew |url=http://www.coventryobserver.co.uk/2012/09/12/news-Hillsborough-warning-signs-were-there-in-1987---report-50174.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919190651/http://www.coventryobserver.co.uk/2012/09/12/news-Hillsborough-warning-signs-were-there-in-1987---report-50174.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 September 2012|title=Hillsborough warning signs were there in 1987|work=Coventry Observer|date= 12 September 2012|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> The Leeds fans were assigned the Leppings Lane end for the semi-final; one fan described disorganisation at the turnstiles and no steward or police direction inside the stadium, resulting in the crowd in one enclosure becoming so compressed that he was at times unable to raise and clap his hands.<ref name="cov_obs2" /> Other accounts told of fans having to be pulled to safety from above.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=|loc=Part 2: Chapter 1. 1981–1989: unheeded warnings, the seeds of disaster}}

Liverpool and Nottingham Forest met in the semi-final at Hillsborough in 1988, and fans again reported crushing at the Leppings Lane end. Liverpool lodged a complaint before the match in 1989. One supporter wrote to the Football Association and the [[Minister for Sport and the Olympics|Minister for Sport]]: "The whole area was packed solid to the point where it was impossible to move and where I, and others around me, felt considerable concern for personal safety."<ref>{{cite news|last=Ross |first=Sam |url=http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/football/911825-david-bernstein-makes-unreserved-apology-for-hillsborough-disaster |title=David Bernstein makes unreserved apology for Hillsborough disaster |work=Metro |date=13 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914195848/http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/football/911825-david-bernstein-makes-unreserved-apology-for-hillsborough-disaster |archive-date=14 September 2012}}</ref>

=== South Yorkshire Police command changes ===
[[South Yorkshire Police]] (SYP) presence at the previous year's FA Cup semi-final (also between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest and also at Hillsborough Stadium) had been overseen by Chief Superintendent Brian L. Mole.<ref name="Brian Mole">{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/SYP000067080001.pdf|title=Witness statement of Chief Superintendent Brian Mole, South Yorkshire Police|website=hillsborough.independent.gov.uk|date=19 May 1989|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706143904/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/SYP000067080001.pdf|archive-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> Mole had supervised numerous police deployments at the stadium in the past. In October 1988 a probationary PC in Mole's F division, South Yorkshire was handcuffed, photographed, and stripped by fellow officers in a fake robbery, as a [[hazing]] prank. Four officers resigned and seven were disciplined over the incident. Chief Superintendent Mole himself was to be transferred to the Barnsley division for "career development reasons". The transfer was to be done with immediate effect on 27 March 1989.<ref name="transfer">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jul/07/most-experienced-police-commander-prank-transfer-hillsborough-disaster|title=Hillsborough inquest hears of police commander's transfer before match|last=Conn|first=David|date=7 July 2014|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=6 August 2016}}</ref>

Meanwhile, Hillsborough was accepted as the FA Cup semi-final venue on 20 March 1989 by the Football Association.<ref name="Brian Mole" /> The first planning meeting for the semi-final took place on 22 March and was attended by newly promoted Chief Superintendent David Duckenfield, not by Mole. No known minutes exist of this meeting.<ref name="transfer" /> Although Mole could have been assigned the semi-final match's planning despite his transfer, that was not done. This left planning for the semi-final match to Duckenfield, who had never commanded a sell-out football match before, and who had "very little, if any" training or personal experience in how to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/30/hillsborough-police-officer-david-duckenfield-training-1989-fa-cup-barrister|title=Hillsborough police officer in command 'had little training' for 1989 FA Cup|last=Conn|first=David|date=30 June 2014|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077|access-date=6 August 2016}}</ref>

==Disaster==
[[File:Hillsborough west side 1989.png|thumb|upright=1.15|Leppings Lane was the sole access point for Liverpool fans. The approach has been described as a "bottleneck" from which two sides of the stadium were being filled.<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last= Conn| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/video/2016/apr/26/hillsborough-inquiry-anatomy-of-a-disaster-video|title= Hillsborough: anatomy of a disaster|work= The Guardian|date= 26 April 2016}}</ref>]]

===Access to the stadium===
As is common practice at domestic football matches in England, opposing supporters were segregated in and around the stadium. Nottingham Forest were allocated the South Stand and [[Spion Kop (stadiums)|Spion Kop]],{{efn |Several British stadiums have a stand called "Spion Kop" or "The Kop". The name, originally that of a hill in South Africa, usually refers to an unusually steep stand.}} with a combined capacity of 29,800 spectators, reached by 60 turnstiles spaced along the south and east sides of the ground. Liverpool were allocated the North Stand and West Stand, with a combined capacity of 24,256 spectators, reached by 23 turnstiles from a narrow concourse off Leppings Lane. Ten turnstiles (numbered 1 to 10) provided access to 9,700 seats in the North Stand, six turnstiles (numbered 11 to 16) provided access to 4,456 seats in the upper tier of the West Stand, and a further seven turnstiles (lettered A to G) gave access to 10,100 standing places in the lower tier of the West Stand. Although a greater number of Liverpool supporters were expected to attend the match, Forest had been allocated the larger spectator area, to avoid the approach routes of rival fans crossing. As a result of the stadium layout and the segregation policy, the additional turnstiles that would normally have allowed access to the North Stand from the east were not being used, and the Liverpool fans were forced to converge on the single entrance at Leppings Lane. On the day of the match, radio and television broadcasters were advising anyone without a ticket not to attend. Rather than establishing crowd safety as their top priority, the clubs, local authorities and police viewed their roles and responsibilities through the 'lens of hooliganism'.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Scraton |first=Phil |author-link=Phil Scraton |title=4 Death on the Terraces: The Contexts and Injustices of the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster |journal=Soccer and Society |volume=5 |issue=2 |date=January 2004 |pages=183–200 |doi=10.1080/1466097042000235209 |s2cid=145083877 |issn=1466-0970 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233105542}}</ref>

===Build-up===
Three [[Football Specials|chartered trains]] had transported Liverpool supporters to Sheffield for the 1988 semi-final, but only one such train was provided in 1989. The 350 passengers arrived at the ground at about 2:20 pm.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=9}} Many of the supporters wished to enjoy the day and were in no hurry to enter the stadium too early. Some were delayed by roadworks while crossing the [[Pennines]] on the [[M62 motorway]] which resulted in minor traffic congestion. Between 2:30 pm and 2:40 pm, there was a build-up of supporters outside the turnstiles facing Leppings Lane, eager to enter the stadium before the game started.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=34}} At 2:46 pm, the [[BBC]]'s football commentator [[John Motson]] had already noticed the uneven distribution of people in the Leppings Lane pens, and while rehearsing for the match off-air he had suggested a nearby cameraman look as well.<ref name="Panorama">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaBnY-SnwxA| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417135203/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaBnY-SnwxA&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=17 April 2016 | url-status=dead|title=BBC Panorama 2013: Hillsborough Disaster. How They Buried the Truth.|publisher=YouTube|access-date=12 August 2016}}</ref> "There's gaps, you know, in parts of the ground. Well, if you look at the Liverpool end, to the right of the goal, there's hardly anybody ''on'' those steps... that's it. Look down there."<ref name="Panorama" />

A bottleneck developed outside the stadium, with more fans arriving than could be safely filtered through the turnstiles before the 3:00 pm [[Kick-off (association football)|kick-off]]. People presenting tickets at the wrong turnstiles, and those who had been refused entry, were blocked from leaving because of the crowd behind them and remained as an obstruction. Fans outside the ground could hear cheering as the teams came onto the pitch ten minutes before the start of the match, and as the match kicked off, but could not gain entrance. A police constable radioed control requesting that the game be delayed, as had happened in 1987, to ensure the safe passage of supporters into the ground, but the request to delay the kick-off by 20 minutes was declined.<ref name="heard the crowd">{{cite news |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/bruce-grobbelaar-heard-crowd-hillsborough-3417682|title=Bruce Grobbelaar: I heard the crowd at Hillsborough cry 'Please help us..'|work=Liverpool Echo|date=6 April 2009|access-date=13 July 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=11}}

By this time, an estimated 5,000 fans were trying to enter through the turnstiles. Amid increasing safety concerns, and to avoid fatalities outside the ground, the police opened a large exit gate (Gate C) that ordinarily permitted the free flow of supporters departing the stadium after a match. Two more gates (A and B) were subsequently opened to further relieve the pressure. After an initial rush, thousands of supporters entered the stadium "steadily at a fast walk".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=12}}
[[File:Hillsborough disaster outside.jpg|right|thumb|The scene outside the ground as the disaster began]]

===Crush===
When the gates were opened, thousands of fans entered a narrow tunnel leading from the rear of the terrace into two overcrowded central pens (pens 3 and 4), creating pressure at the front. Hundreds of people were pressed against one another and the fencing by the weight of the crowd behind them.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/feb/13/hillsborough-trial-former-police-officer-breaks-down-in-court|title=Senior police officer did not step in, Hillsborough trial hears|first=David|last=Conn|date=13 February 2019|access-date=13 February 2019|work =The Guardian}}</ref> People entering were unaware of the problems at the front of the pens; police or stewards would normally stand at the entrance to the tunnel and, if the central pens reached capacity, they would direct people to the side pens, but that did not happen on this occasion, for reasons not fully explained.<ref name="BBC 14 April 2009">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7992845.stm |title= How the Hillsborough disaster happened |work=BBC News |date=14 April 2009}}</ref>

The match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest started at 3:00 pm, as scheduled. Fans were still streaming into pens 3 and 4 from the rear entrance tunnel as the match began. For some time, problems at the front of the Liverpool central goal pens went largely unnoticed except by those inside the pens and a few police at that end of the pitch. Liverpool's goalkeeper [[Bruce Grobbelaar]] later reported that fans behind him were pleading to him for help as the situation worsened.<ref name="heard the crowd" /> At first, the police made attempts to stop people from spilling out of the pens, some believing this to be a pitch invasion. At approximately 3:04 pm, a shot from Liverpool's [[Peter Beardsley]] hit the [[Goal (sport)|crossbar]]; possibly connected to the excitement, a surge in pen 3 caused one of its metal [[wikt:crush barrier|crush barriers]] to give way.<ref name="BBC 14 April 2009" />

[[Police superintendent]] Roger Greenwood (the most senior SYP officer in command inside the ground on the day)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/nov/13/hillsborough-disaster-roger-greenwood-police-denies-slow |title=Senior Hillsborough police officer denies that he was too slow to react |last=Conn |first=David |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> realised the situation, and ran onto the field to gain the attention of referee [[Ray Lewis (referee)|Ray Lewis]], who stopped the match at 3:05:30.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/content/articles/2009/04/03/hillsborough_timeline_feature.shtml|title=Timeline to disaster|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> At this point, people were climbing the fence at the front of the pens in an effort to escape the crush and get to the pitchside. A small gate in the fence had been forced open and some fans managed to escape via this route, while others continued to climb over the fencing. Some were pulled to safety by people at the front of the upper tier of the West Stand above the Leppings Lane terrace. The intensity of the crush broke more crush barriers on the terrace. Holes were made in the perimeter fencing by fans desperately attempting to rescue others.<ref name="BBC 14 April 2009" />

The crowd in the Leppings Lane terrace spilled onto the pitch, where the many injured and traumatised fans who had climbed to safety congregated.<ref name="BBC 14 April 2009" /> The football players were ushered to their dressing rooms and informed that there would be a 30-minute postponement.<ref name="heard the crowd" /> The people still trapped in the pens were packed so tightly that many victims died of [[compressive asphyxia]] while standing. Meanwhile, on the pitch, police, stewards and members of the [[St John Ambulance]] service were overwhelmed. Many uninjured fans were assisting the injured; several attempted [[CPR]] and others tore down advertising [[billboard|hoardings]] to use as makeshift stretchers.<ref name="BBC 14 April 2009"/> SYP [[chief superintendent]] John Nesbit later briefed [[Michael Shersby]] MP, at a Police Federation meeting in October 1989, that allowing the fans to help with the rescue effort was a deliberate strategy "otherwise they might have turned their frustration on the police."{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=360|loc=Section 2.12.161}}

[[File:Hillsborough disaster.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Liverpool supporters try desperately to climb the fence to reach the safety of the pitch while being stopped by the police.]]

====SYMAS response====
The agreed protocol for the [[South Yorkshire Ambulance Service|South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service]] (SYMAS) was that ambulances were to queue at the entrance to the gymnasium under the North Stand, termed the ''casualty reception point'', or CRP.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|145}} Any individuals within the stadium that were seriously injured were to be delivered expeditiously by police and paramedics to the CRP to receive medical attention.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|142}} The system of ferrying injured {{em|from}} any location within the stadium {{em|to}} the CRP required a formal declaration to be made by those in charge for it to take effect.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|137,138}} As this declaration was not immediately performed, there was confusion among those attempting to administer aid on the pitch. This indecision migrated to the [[first responder]]s waiting in ambulances at the CRP, which quickly deteriorated into an ambulance [[car park]].{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|143}} Some crews were hesitant to leave their vehicles, unsure of whether patients were coming to them, or vice versa.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|138–140}} Others who did leave their vehicles were then faced with the obstacles inherent in placing distance between themselves and their equipment. As the [[Hillsborough Independent Panel|Panel]] explained in their report:{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|146}}
{{blockquote|The equipment was no use on the ambulance vehicle when critical early resuscitation was taking place some distance away on the pitch, behind the Leppings Lane end and in the gymnasium. Some ambulance crew did take equipment when they left their vehicle, but there was no systematic direction to do so, not all did, and none initially had been given any information about the situation inside the stadium.}}

A total of 42 ambulances arrived at the stadium.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|149}} Two ambulances managed to make their way onto the pitch of their own accord, and a third entered the field at the direction of deputy chief ambulance officer Alan Hopkins, who felt its visibility might allay crowd concerns.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|149}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=ESPN Staff|title=Key Hillsborough Evidence Backed By TV Footage|url=http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/208215.html|website=ESPN.co.uk|publisher=ESPN Sports Media Ltd.|access-date=5 July 2017|date=20 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Barlow|first1=Eleanor|title=Ambulanceman's Struggle to Live with Decisions Made on Pitch at Hillsborough|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/ambulance-officer-tells-hillsborough-inquests-8572035|access-date=5 July 2017|work=Liverpool Echo|publisher=Trinity Mirror Merseyside|date=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Hayden|title=Hillsborough: New Probe Backs Crucial Evidence|url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/05/20/hillsborough-off-duty-pcs-crucial-evidence-finally-backed-after-analysis-of-footage-3801532/|access-date=5 July 2017|work=Metro|publisher=Associated Newspapers Limited|date=20 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Weston|first1=Alan |title=Ambulances Got 'Stuck' As They Tried to Enter Hillsborough Stadium, Inquests Hear|publisher=Trinity Mirror Merseyside |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/ambulances-stuck-tried-enter-hillsborough-8543150|access-date=5 July 2017 |work=Liverpool Echo|date=29 January 2015}}</ref> The remaining 39 ambulances were collectively able to transport approximately 149 people to either [[Northern General Hospital]], [[Royal Hallamshire Hospital]], or [[Barnsley Hospital]] for treatment.{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=131–157|loc=Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'}}{{rp|149}}

The adverse comments of two doctors regarding the emergency response appeared in the media. Their views were not "a maverick view from a disaffected minority but the considered opinion of the majority of professionals present from the outset."{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=147|loc=Section 2.4.118}}

===Reactions===
Condolences flooded in from across the world, led by Queen [[Elizabeth II]]. Other messages came from [[Pope John Paul II]], US President [[George H. W. Bush]], and the chief executive of [[Juventus FC|Juventus]] (fans of Liverpool and Juventus had been involved in the [[Heysel Stadium disaster]]) amongst many others.<ref name="Herald3"/>

Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] and Home Secretary [[Douglas Hurd]] visited Hillsborough the day after the disaster and met survivors.<ref name="Herald1"/> [[Anfield|Anfield stadium]] was opened on the Sunday to allow fans to pay tribute to the dead. Thousands of fans visited and the stadium filled with flowers, scarves and other tributes.<ref name="Herald3">{{cite news |title=Grieving fans pay tribute at the Kop |page=20 | work= Glasgow Herald |first=Andrew |last=McCallum |date=17 April 1989 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fzNAAAAAIBAJ&pg=4032%2C224409}}</ref> In the following days more than 200,000 people visited the "shrine" inside the stadium.<ref name="Herald4">{{cite news|title=Liverpool resists pressure to make decision on FA Cup |page=2 | work= Glasgow Herald |date=19 April 1989|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19890419&printsec=frontpage}}</ref> The following Sunday, a link of football scarves spanning the {{convert|1|mi}} distance across [[Stanley Park, Liverpool|Stanley Park]] from [[Goodison Park]] to Anfield was created, with the final scarf in position at 3:06 pm.<ref name = "Reuters24041989">{{cite news|title=Soccer rivals united in grief as church bells toll|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S65UAAAAIBAJ&pg=3328%2C1850817|date=24 April 1989|access-date=9 February 2015|work=New Straits Times|location=Kuala Lumpur|agency=Reuters}}</ref> Elsewhere on the same day, a silence – opened with an [[Civil defense siren|air-raid siren]] at three o'clock – was held in central [[Nottingham]] with the colours of Forest, Liverpool and Wednesday adorning [[Nottingham Council House]].<ref name="Reuters24041989" />

At [[Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral]], a [[requiem mass]] attended by 3,000 people was held by the Catholic [[Archbishop of Liverpool]], [[Derek Worlock]]. The first reading was read by Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar. Liverpool players [[Ronnie Whelan]], [[Steve Nicol]], and former manager [[Joe Fagan]] carried the [[Eucharist|communion]] bread and wine.<ref name="Herald2">{{cite news|title=Thousands unite in grief at cathedral|page=1 | work= Glasgow Herald |date=17 April 1989 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19890417&printsec=frontpage}}</ref>

The FA chief executive [[Graham Kelly (football administrator)|Graham Kelly]], who had attended the match, said the FA would conduct an inquiry into what had happened. Speaking after the disaster, Kelly backed all-seater stadiums, saying "We must move fans away from the ritual of standing on terraces".<ref name="Herald1"/> Standing on terraces and the use of perimeter fencing around the pitch, the use of [[Closed-circuit television|CCTV]], the timing of football matches and policing of sporting events were factors for a subsequent inquiry to consider.<ref>{{cite news|title=MPs urge Hurd to introduce safety gates into 'killer cages'|page=9 | work= Glasgow Herald |date=17 April 1989|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19890417&printsec=frontpage}}</ref>

[[UEFA]] President [[Jacques Georges]] caused controversy by describing the Liverpool supporters as "beasts",<ref name="news.google">{{cite news|title=Head of UEFA must quit says club|page=7 | work= Glasgow Herald |date=18 April 1989|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19890418&id=gDNAAAAAIBAJ&pg=3690,378298%3D}}</ref> wrongly suggesting that hooliganism was the cause of the disaster, which had occurred less than four years after the Heysel Stadium disaster. His remarks led to Liverpool F.C. calling for his resignation, but he apologised on discovering hooliganism was not the cause.<ref name="news.google" />

At the [[1989 FA Cup final]] between Liverpool and local rivals [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], held just five weeks after the Hillsborough disaster, the players from both participating teams wore [[Armband#Mourning|black armbands]] as a gesture of respect to the victims.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://live4liverpool.com/2012/05/the-liverpool-way/liverpool-fcs-top-five-fa-cup-finals/|title=Liverpool FC's Top Five FA Cup Finals|publisher=live4liverpool.com|access-date=26 April 2016|date=7 May 2012}}</ref>

During [[Liverpool 0–2 Arsenal (26 May 1989)|the final match]] of the [[1988–89 Football League]] season, contested on 26 May 1989 between Liverpool and second-place [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], the Arsenal players presented flowers to fans in different parts of Anfield in memory of those who had died in the Hillsborough disaster.<ref name="http">{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/mar/29/arsenal-liverpool-1989-football | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Jason | last=Cowley | title=The night football was reborn | date=29 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/1717/editorial/2009/05/26/1285463/its-up-for-grabs-now-the-20th-anniversary-of-anfield-1989 |title=Feature: It's Up For Grabs Now – The 20th Anniversary Of Anfield 1989|publisher=Goal.com|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref>

===Disaster appeal fund===
A disaster appeal fund was set up with donations of £500,000 from the [[Government of the United Kingdom|UK Government]], £100,000 from Liverpool F.C. and £25,000 each from the cities of Liverpool, Sheffield, and Nottingham.<ref name="Herald1">{{cite news|title=Police to face inquiry as questions go unanaswered|page=1 | work= Glasgow Herald|location=Glasgow|date=19 April 1989|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19890417&printsec=frontpage}}</ref> The Liverpool F.C. donation was the amount the club would have received (as its share of the match income) had the semi-final gone ahead as planned.<ref name="Herald3"/> Within days, donations had passed £1 million,<ref name="Herald4"/> swelled by donations from individuals, schools and businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/LCA000000010001.html|title=A random sample of letters from public, schools and clubs reflecting the nature of donations to the disaster appeal fund|website=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report|publisher=Crown Copyright 2012|access-date=19 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101214718/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/LCA000000010001.html|archive-date=1 November 2012}}</ref> Other fundraising activities included a [[Factory Records]] benefit concert and several fundraising football matches. The two teams involved in the Bradford City stadium fire, [[Bradford City A.F.C.|Bradford City]] and [[Lincoln City F.C.|Lincoln City]], met for the first time since the 1985 disaster in a game that raised £25,000 for the Hillsborough fund. By the time the appeal closed in 1990, it had raised more than £12 million.<ref>{{cite book|last=Luxton |first=Peter |title=Charity Fund-Raising and the Public Interest: An Anglo-American legal perspective |year=1990 |publisher=Avebury |page=127 |isbn=978-1-85628-016-7}}</ref> Much of the money went to victims and relatives of those involved in the disaster and provided funds for a college course to improve the hospital phase of emergency care.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/media/medianews/CollegecoursedevelopedfromHillsboroughDisasterAppealFund|title=College course developed with funds from the Hillsborough Disaster Appeal Fund goes from strength to strength|publisher=The Royal College of Surgeons of England |website=rcseng.ac.uk |access-date=17 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224014123/http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/media/medianews/CollegecoursedevelopedfromHillsboroughDisasterAppealFund |archive-date=24 February 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In May 1989, a charity version of the [[Gerry and the Pacemakers]] song "[[Ferry Cross the Mersey]]" was released in aid of those affected. The record was produced by [[Stock Aitken Waterman]] and featured Liverpool musicians [[Paul McCartney]], [[Gerry Marsden]] (of the Pacemakers), [[Holly Johnson]], and [[The Christians (band)|The Christians]]. It entered the [[UK Singles Chart]] at number 1 on 20 May, and remained at the top of the chart for three weeks.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/Ferry+Cross+The+Mersey|title=The Official Charts Company – Ferry Cross The Mersey by Gerry Marsden, Paul McCartney, Holly Johnson, The Christians and Stock Aitken Waterman Search |date=6 May 2013 |publisher=The Official Charts Company}}</ref> Despite having stronger ties to Liverpool F.C., Gerry and the Pacemakers' earlier hit "[[You'll Never Walk Alone]]" was not used because it had recently been re-recorded for the Bradford City stadium fire appeal.<ref name="Davis2012">{{cite book|last=Davis|first=Sharon|title=80s Chart-Toppers: Every Chart-Topper Tells a Story |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_IyT35pJCgC&pg=PT501|date=6 January 2012|publisher=Mainstream Publishing |isbn=9781780574110 |page=501}}</ref><ref name="MurphyRees-Jones2007">{{cite book|editor-last1=Murphy|editor-first1=Michael |editor-last2=Rees-Jones|editor-first2=Deryn|last=du Noyer|first=Paul |title=Writing Liverpool: Essays and Interviews|year=2007 |publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=9781846310744|chapter=Subversive Dreamers: Liverpool Songwriting from the Beatles to the Zutons |author-link=Paul Du Noyer |page=251}}</ref>

===Effect on survivors===
By the disaster's 10th anniversary in 1999, at least three people who survived were known to have taken their own lives. Another survivor had spent eight years in psychiatric care. There were cases of alcoholism, drug abuse, and collapsed marriages involving people who had witnessed the events. The lingering effects of the disaster were seen as a cause, or contributory factor, in all of these.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/may/08/weekend7.weekend |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=Those who were left behind |date=8 May 1999}}</ref>
[[File:Hillsborough Memorial.jpg|thumb|right|The Memorial to those killed by the disaster at [[Hillsborough Stadium]]]]

==Victims==
In total, ninety-seven people died as a result of injuries incurred during the disaster. Ninety-four people, aged from 10 to 67 years old, died on the day, either at the stadium, in the ambulances, or shortly after arrival at hospital.<ref name="liverpooldailypost.co.uk">{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/hillsborough/hillsborough-96/ |title=Hillsborough 96 |publisher=Liverpooldailypost.co.uk |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927005155/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/hillsborough/hillsborough-96/|archive-date=27 September 2011}}</ref> A total of 766 people were reported to have suffered injuries, among whom 300 were hospitalised. The less seriously injured survivors who did not live in the Sheffield area were advised to seek treatment for their injuries at hospitals nearer to their homes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hillsborough timeline |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/liverpool/5150076/Hillsborough-timeline.html |date=14 April 2009 |work=The Telegraph |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801130452/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/liverpool/5150076/Hillsborough-timeline.html |archive-date=1 August 2009|url-status=dead |quote=April 15, 1989: 94 fans die (the total later rose to 97), 766 are injured and 300 hospitalised in crush at Hillsborough's Leppings Lane End.}}</ref> On 19 April, the number of deaths reached 95 when 14-year-old Lee Nicol died in hospital after being taken off life support.<ref name="Aftermath">{{cite web |title=Hillsborough: Brian Reade on the day that changed football forever |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2009/04/14/they-ve-said-it-was-a-surge-but-it-wasn-t-it-was-a-slow-build-up-of-pressure-like-a-vice-tighter-tighter-until-you-could-not-breathe-115875-21277364/ |date=14 April 2009 |work=Daily Mirror |location=UK |access-date=7 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Mark |last=Johnson |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/local-news/mum-pays-tribute-teenage-hillsborough-3418589 |title=Mum pays tribute to teenage Hillsborough victim Lee Nicol from Smollett Street Bootle |work=Bootle Times |access-date=7 May 2011|date=15 April 2009}}</ref> The 96th victim died in March 1993, when artificial feeding and hydration were withdrawn from 22-year-old [[Tony Bland]] after nearly four years, during which time he had remained in a [[persistent vegetative state]] showing no sign of improvement.
This followed a legal challenge in the [[High Court]] by his family to have his treatment withdrawn, a landmark challenge which succeeded in November 1992.

Andrew Devine, aged 22 at the time of the disaster, suffered similar injuries to Tony Bland and was also diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state. In March 1997 – just before the eighth anniversary of the disaster – it was reported he had emerged from the condition and was able to communicate using a touch-sensitive pad, and he had been showing signs of awareness of his surroundings for up to three years before. Devine died in 2021, as a consequence of the injuries sustained at Hillsborough; the coroner ruled that he had been unlawfully killed and thus the 97th fatality of the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fordham | first=Josh|url=https://talksport.com/football/553825/james-milners-hillsborough-liverpool-champions-league/ |title=James Milner's Hillsborough Liverpool Champions League |work=talkSport |date=5 June 2019 |access-date=1 July 2020 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/hillsborough-survivor-awakes-1275031.html |title=Hillsborough survivor 'awakes' |work=The Independent |location=London |date=26 March 1997 |access-date=7 May 2011 |first=Matthew |last=Brace}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 July 2021 |title=Hillsborough's 97th victim was unlawfully killed, coroner concludes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-58011373 |access-date=10 April 2025 |work=BBC News }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2021 |title=Coroner confirms Liverpool fan Andrew Devine is 97th Hillsborough victim |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/coroner-confirms-liverpool-fan-andrew-100141356.html?guccounter=1 |access-date=10 April 2025 |website=Yahoo News }}</ref>

Two sisters, three pairs of brothers, and a father and son were among those who died,<ref name="liverpooldailypost.co.uk"/> as were two men about to become fathers for the first time: 25-year-old Steven Brown of [[Wrexham]]<ref>{{cite news |first=Jo |last=Kelly |url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/hillsborough/hillsborough-96/2009/04/15/steven-brown-25-100252-23391311/ |title=Steven Brown, 25 – Hillsborough 96 – Hillsborough Remembered |work=Liverpool Daily Post |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref> and 30-year-old Peter Thompson of [[Widnes]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Luke |last=Traynor |url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/hillsborough/hillsborough-96/2009/04/15/peter-thompson-30-100252-23388674/ |title=Peter Thompson, 30 – Hillsborough 96 – Hillsborough Remembered |work=Liverpool Daily Post |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref> Jon-Paul Gilhooley, aged 10, was the youngest person to die. His cousin, [[Steven Gerrard]], then aged 8, went on to become Liverpool F.C.'s captain. Gerrard has said the disaster inspired him to lead the team he supported as a boy and become a top professional football player.<ref name="guardiangerrard">{{cite news |title=Steven Gerrard says death of his cousin at Hillsborough was biggest inspiration |first=Louise |last=Taylor |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 April 2009 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/apr/10/steven-gerrard-liverpool-hillsborough-disaster |access-date=15 April 2011 |location=London}}</ref> The oldest person to die at Hillsborough was 67-year-old Gerard Baron, an older brother of former Liverpool player [[Kevin Baron (footballer)|Kevin Baron]].

Stephen Whittle is considered by some to be another victim of Hillsborough, as due to work commitments, he had sold his ticket to a friend (whom he and his family chose not to identify), who then died in the disaster; the resulting feeling of [[survivor guilt]] is believed to be the main reason he took his own life at age 50 in February 2011.<ref name="theboltonnews.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/northwest/14458298.Hillsborough_s__97th_victim__remembered/ | work=The Bolton News | title=Hillsborough's '97th victim' remembered | date=28 April 2016}}</ref> In addition, it was also noted that Whittle became withdrawn from friends and family, and was unable to go to football matches due to his guilt and related feeling of responsibility for his friend's death.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2012 |title=The 97th Hillsborough victim: Fan sold ticket to friend who died in disaster |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/the-97th-hillsborough-victim-fan-sold-ticket-to-friend-who-died-in-disaster-8142470.html |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=The Independent }}</ref>

The majority of victims who died were from [[Liverpool]] (38) and [[Liverpool City Region|Greater Merseyside]] (20). A further 20 were from counties adjacent to Merseyside. An additional three victims came from Sheffield with two more living in counties adjacent to South Yorkshire. The remaining 14 victims lived in other parts of England.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

===Ages===
Of those who died, 79 were aged under 30, 38 of whom were under 20, and all but three of the victims were aged under 50.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26765007 | work=BBC News | title=Hillsborough inquests: The 96 who died | date=28 March 2014}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
! Age range in 1989
! Total
! Males
! Females
|-
| 10–19 ||38||36||2
|-
| 20–29 ||41||37||4
|-
| 30–39 ||12||11||1
|-
| 40–49 ||3||3||0
|-
| 50–59 ||1||1||0
|-
| 60–69 ||2||2||0
|-class="sortbottom"
| Totals ||97||90||7
|}

==1989–1991 coroner's hearing==
[[Inquest]]s into the deaths were opened and adjourned immediately after the disaster.

Resumed on 19 November 1990,{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=49|loc=}} they proved to be controversial. South Yorkshire coroner Stefan Popper limited the main inquests to events up to 3:15 pm on the day of the disaster – nine minutes after the match was halted and the crowd spilt onto the pitch. Popper said this was because the victims were either dead, or brain dead, by 3:15 pm. The decision angered the families, many of whom felt the inquests were unable to consider the response of the police and other emergency services after that time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Conn |first=David |title=Hillsborough: how stories of disaster police were altered |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/apr/13/hillsborough-disaster-police-south-yorkshire-liverpool |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=13 April 2009}}</ref> The inquests returned verdicts of [[accidental death]] on 26 March 1991, much to the dismay of the bereaved families, who had been hoping for a verdict of unlawful killing or an open verdict, and for manslaughter charges to be brought against the officers who had been present at the disaster. Trevor Hicks, whose two daughters had been killed, described the verdicts as 'lawful' but 'immoral'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/timeline-27-year-fight-truth-11224792|title=Timeline of a 27 year fight for the truth after the Hillsborough disaster|first=Paddy|last=Shennan|date=26 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo}}</ref>

Popper's decision regarding the cut-off time was subsequently endorsed by the Divisional Court who considered it to have been justified in the light of the medical evidence available to him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/HOM000038090001.html |title=Judgement of Divisional Court, 5 November 1993 application to quash the Inquest verdicts of six of the Hillsborough victims |website=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report |publisher=Crown Copyright 2012 |access-date=15 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509091120/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/HOM000038090001.html|archive-date=9 May 2013}}</ref> Relatives later failed to have the inquests reopened to allow more scrutiny of police actions and closer examination of the circumstances of individual cases.

Families believed that Popper was 'too close' to the police. After the verdicts Barry Devonside, who had lost his son, witnessed Popper hosting a celebration party with police officers.<ref name="The patronising disposition of unaccountable power">{{cite report |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a821d79ed915d74e6235dce/6_3860_HO_Hillsborough_Report_2017_FINAL_WEB_updated.pdf |title='The patronising disposition of unaccountable power' A report to ensure the pain and suffering of the Hillsborough families is not repeated |author=The Right Reverend James Jones KBE |author-link=James Jones (bishop) |date=1 November 2017 |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |isbn=978-1-5286-0090-3 |id=CCS1017252884 10/17, HC 511 2017–18 |access-date=16 April 2024}}</ref>{{rp|p=45}}

One of the individual cases where the circumstances of death were not fully resolved was that of Kevin Williams, the fifteen-year-old son of [[Anne Williams (activist)|Anne Williams]]. Anne Williams, who died in 2013, rejected the coroner's decision that the Hillsborough victims, including her son, had died before 3:15 pm, citing witness statements that described him showing signs of life at 4:00 pm. She unsuccessfully appealed to the [[European Court of Human Rights]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2009/03/31/european-court-blow-for-mother-of-hillsborough-victim-92534-23272563/ |title=European court blow for mother of Hillsborough victim |newspaper=Liverpool Daily Post |date=31 March 2009 |last=Traynor |first=Luke |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503101206/http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/sport/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2009/03/31/european-court-blow-for-mother-of-hillsborough-victim-92534-23272563/ |archive-date=3 May 2012}}</ref> The Hillsborough Independent Panel considered the available evidence and stated that "the initial pathologist's opinion appeared definitive, but further authoritative opinions raised significant doubts about the accuracy of that initial opinion."{{sfn|HIP report|2012|p=313}}

Popper had excluded the witness evidence of two qualified Merseyside doctors ([[John Ashton (public health director)|John Ashton]] and Glyn Phillips) who had been inside the stadium on the day and who had been critical of the chaotic emergency response.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/HOM000037950001.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505205710/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/HOM000037950001.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2018|title=Letter|date=5 May 2018|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> The views of both were dismissed by the Taylor report. They both gave evidence at the [[#Second coroner's hearing|2016 Warrington inquests]].<ref name="vindication">{{cite news|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/two-doctors-who-criticised-hillsborough-11249313|title=Two doctors who criticised Hillsborough ambulance response speak of "vindication" after inquests|last=Barlow|first=Eleanor|date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|access-date=5 May 2018}}</ref> Phillips stated that the exclusion of their evidence was a 'serious error of judgement' by Popper. He said that he 'could not fathom why he didn't call us, other than he specifically did not want to hear our evidence, in which case the first inquests were coloured and flawed before they even started'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/two-doctors-who-criticised-hillsborough-11249313|title=The two doctors who criticised the Hillsborough ambulance response|first=Eleanor|last=Barlow|date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo}}</ref>

Ashton and Phillips were not the only doctors present at the disaster not to be called to give evidence to the Popper inquests. The only one called was the Sheffield Wednesday club doctor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/SPP000001790001.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511215052/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/SPP000001790001.pdf|archive-date=11 May 2018|title=List Of Witnesses|date=11 May 2018|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref>

==Taylor Inquiry==
{{Main|Taylor Report}}
After the disaster, [[Peter Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth|Lord Justice Taylor]] was appointed to conduct an inquiry into the events. The Taylor Inquiry sat for a total of 31 days (between 15 May and 29 June 1989){{sfn|Taylor|1990|p=1}} and published two reports: an [[#Taylor1989|interim report]] (1 August 1989) which laid out the events of the day and immediate conclusions; and a [[#Taylor1990|final report]] (19 January 1990) which outlined general recommendations on football ground safety.<ref name="Independent_Long haul">{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-long-haul-to-implement-taylor-report-1087369.html |title=Football: Long haul to implement Taylor Report |work=The Independent |last=Harris |first=Nick |date=15 April 1999 |access-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001229/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-long-haul-to-implement-taylor-report-1087369.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The two publications together became known as the Taylor Report.<ref name=Guardian_ashes />

Taylor concluded that policing on the day "broke down" and "the main reason for the disaster was the failure of police control".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=49}} Attention was focused on the decision to open the secondary gates; moreover, the kick-off should have been delayed, as had been done at other venues and matches.

Sheffield Wednesday was also criticised for the inadequate number of turnstiles at the Leppings Lane end and the poor quality of the crush barriers on the terraces, "respects in which failure by the Club contributed to this disaster".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=52}}

===Police control===
Taylor found there was "no provision" for controlling the entry of spectators into the turnstile area. He dismissed the claim by senior police officers that they had no reason to anticipate problems, since congestion had occurred at both the 1987 and 1988 semi-finals.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=36}} He said that "the Operational Order and police tactics on the day failed to provide for controlling a concentrated arrival of large numbers should that occur in a short period. That it might so occur was foreseeable".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=47}} The failure by the police to give the order to direct fans to empty areas of the stadium, was described by Taylor as "a blunder of the first magnitude".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=40}}

There was no means for calculating when individual enclosures had reached capacity. A police officer ordinarily made a visual assessment before guiding fans to other pens.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=23}} However, on the day of the disaster, "by 2:52 pm when gate C was opened, pens 3 and 4 were over-full [...] to allow any more into those pens was likely to cause injuries; to allow in a large stream was courting disaster".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=32}}

The report noted that the official capacity of the central pens was 2,200, that the [[Health and Safety Executive]] found this should have been reduced to 1,693 due to crush barriers and perimeter gates,{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=24}} but actually an estimated 3,000 people were in the pens around 3:00 pm. The report said "When spectators first appeared on the track, the immediate assumption in the control room was that a pitch invasion was threatened. This was unlikely at the beginning of a match. It became still less likely when those on the track made no move towards the pitch. ... [T]here was no effective leadership either from control or on the pitch to harness and organise rescue efforts. No orders were given for officers to enter the tunnel and relieve pressure".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=44}} Further that: "The anxiety to protect the sanctity of the pitch has caused insufficient attention to be paid to the risk of a crush due to overcrowding".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=46}}

Regarding the decision to allocate Liverpool spectators to the West and North Ends, Taylor stated "I do not consider choice of ends was causative of the disaster. Had it been reversed, the disaster could well have occurred in a similar manner but to Nottingham supporters".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=49}}

Lord Taylor noted with regard to the performance of the senior police officers in command that "...neither their handling of the problems on the day nor their account of it in evidence showed the qualities of leadership to be expected of their rank".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=49}}

===Behaviour of fans===
Lord Taylor concluded that the behaviour of Liverpool fans, including accusations of drunkenness, were secondary factors, and said that most fans were: "not drunk, nor even the worse for drink". He concluded that this formed an exacerbating factor but that police, seeking to rationalise their loss of control, overestimated the element of drunkenness in the crowd.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=34}}

The report dismissed the theory, put forward by South Yorkshire Police, that fans attempting to gain entry without tickets or with forged tickets were contributing factors.{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=36}}

===Emergency response===
Taylor concluded that in responding to the disaster there had been no fault on the part of the emergency services (St John Ambulance, South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service and fire brigade).{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=53}}

===Police evasion===
Taylor concluded his criticism of South Yorkshire Police by describing senior officers in command as "defensive and evasive witnesses" who refused to accept any responsibility for error: "In all some 65 police officers gave oral evidence at the Inquiry. Sadly I must report that for the most part the quality of their evidence was in inverse proportion to their rank".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=49}} Further stating: "South Yorkshire Police were not prepared to concede they were in any respect at fault in what occurred. ... [T]he police case was to blame the fans for being late and drunk, and to blame the Club for failing to monitor the pens. ... Such an unrealistic approach gives cause for anxiety as to whether lessons have been learnt".{{sfn|Taylor|1989|p=50}}

===Effect on stadiums in Britain===
[[File:The_New_Den_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143517.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[The Den]] in southeast London, which opened in 1993, was the first new stadium to be fully compliant with the safety recommendations of the [[Taylor Report]].]]
The Taylor Report had a deep impact on safety standards for stadiums in the UK. Perimeter and lateral fencing was removed and many top stadiums were converted to [[All-seater stadium|all-seated]].<ref name="A hard lesson to learn">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/318497.stm |title=A hard lesson to learn |date=15 April 1999 |work=BBC News |access-date=4 August 2007 |location=London}}</ref> Purpose-built stadiums for [[Premier League]] and most [[Football League]] teams since the report are all-seater.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.millwall-history.co.uk/the_den5.htm |title=The Architects Journal:Building Study (September 1993) |publisher=Millwall-history.co.uk |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>

In July 1992, the government announced a relaxation of the regulation for the lower two English leagues (known now as League One and League Two). The Football Spectators Act does not cover Scotland, but the [[Scottish Premier League]] chose to make all-seater stadiums a requirement of league membership,<ref>SPL rules</ref> this has not applied since the creation of the [[Scottish Professional Football League]] in 2013.<ref name="SPFL rules">{{cite web |title=SPFL Rules and Regulations |url=https://spfl.co.uk/pages/rules-and-regulations |website=Scottish Professional Football League |access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref> In England and Wales all-seating is a requirement of the Premier League<ref>Premier League rules</ref> and of the Football League for clubs who have been present in the Championship for more than three seasons.<ref>Football League rules</ref>
Several campaigns have attempted to get the government to relax the regulation and allow standing areas to return to Premiership and Championship grounds.<ref>{{cite book|title=Stand Up Sit Down – A Choice to Watch Football |first=Peter |last=Caton |year=2012 |publisher=Troubador. |isbn=978-1-78088-177-5 |at=Chapters 23 – 25}}</ref>

==Stuart-Smith scrutiny==
In May 1997, when the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] came into office, Home Secretary [[Jack Straw]] ordered an investigation. It was performed by [[Murray Stuart-Smith|Lord Justice Stuart-Smith]].<ref name="scrutiny">{{cite web |url=http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/history/stuartsmith.shtm |title=The Stuart Smith Scrutiny – Hillsborough Football Disaster |publisher=Contrast.org |access-date=14 September 2012}}</ref> The appointment of Stuart-Smith was not without controversy. At a meeting in Liverpool with relatives of those involved in Hillsborough in October 1997, he flippantly remarked "Have you got a few of your people or are they like the Liverpool fans, turn up at the last minute?"<ref name="scrutiny"/> He later apologised for his remark, saying it was not intended to offend.<ref name="scrutiny"/> The terms of reference of his inquiry were limited to "new evidence", that is "...evidence which was not available or was not presented to the previous inquiries, courts or authorities."<ref name="scrutiny"/> Therefore, evidence such as witness statements which had been altered were classed as [[admissible evidence|inadmissible]].
When he presented his report in February 1998, he concluded that there was insufficient evidence for a new inquiry into the disaster. In paragraph 5 of his summary, Lord Justice Stuart-Smith said:<ref name="Stuart-Smith Review">{{cite web |author=The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Stuart-Smith |url=http://www.southyorks.police.uk/sites/default/files/STUART%20SMITH%20ENQUIRY%20REPORT.pdf |title=Scrutiny of Evidence Relating to the Hillsborough Football Stadium Disaster |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040858/http://www.southyorks.police.uk/sites/default/files/STUART%20SMITH%20ENQUIRY%20REPORT.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |location=London |publisher=The Stationery Office |date=February 1998 |website=southyorks.police.uk}}</ref>
{{blockquote|I have come to the clear conclusion that there is no basis upon which there should be a further Judicial Inquiry or a reopening of Lord Taylor's Inquiry. There is no basis for a renewed application to the Divisional Court or for the Attorney General to exercise his powers under the Coroners Act 1988. I do not consider that there is any material which should be put before the Director of Public Prosecutions or the Police Complaints Authority which might cause them to reconsider the decisions they have already taken. Nor do I consider that there is any justification for setting up any further inquiry into the performance of the emergency and hospital services. I have considered the circumstances in which alterations were made to some of the self-written statements of South Yorkshire Police officers, but I do not consider that there is any occasion for any further investigation.}}

Importantly, Stuart-Smith's report supported the [[coroner]]'s assertion that evidence after 3:15 pm was inadmissible as "that by 3:15 pm the principal cause of death, that is, the crushing, was over."<ref name="HansardMay98">{{cite web |url= https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo980508/debtext/80508-01.htm|title=8 May 1998 : Column 941|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> This was controversial as the subsequent response of the police and emergency services would not be scrutinised. Announcing the report to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], Home Secretary [[Jack Straw]] backed Stuart-Smith's findings and said that "I do not believe that a further inquiry could or would uncover significant new evidence or provide any relief for the distress of those who have been bereaved."<ref name="HansardMay98"/> However, the determination by Stuart-Smith was heavily criticised by the Justice Minister, [[Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton|Lord Falconer]], who stated "I am absolutely sure that Sir Murray Stuart-Smith came completely to the wrong conclusion".<ref name=BBC>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-15433324|title=Hillsborough inquiry by Blair government criticised|work=BBC News|date=25 October 2011}}</ref> Falconer added: "It made the families in the Hillsborough disaster feel after one establishment cover-up, here was another."<ref name=BBC />

==Hillsborough Independent Panel==
The Hillsborough Independent Panel was instituted in 2009 by the British government to investigate the Hillsborough disaster, to oversee the disclosure of documents about the disaster and its aftermath and to produce a report. On 12 September 2012, it published its report and simultaneously launched a website containing 450,000 pages of material<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/ |title=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report {{!}} Home page |author= |year=2012 |website=hillsborough.independent.gov.uk |publisher=Crown Copyright 2012 |access-date=27 April 2016 |quote=Over 450,000 pages reviewed – Documents and other material from the contributing organisations including reports, minutes of meetings, transcripts, witness statements, letters and memos, records of telephone calls. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913180228/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/ |archive-date=13 September 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> collated from 85 organisations and individuals<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/contributors/ |title=Organisations and people whose material has been reviewed |author= |website=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report |publisher=Crown Copyright 2012 |access-date=27 April 2016| url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001023823/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/contributors/ |archive-date=1 October 2012}}</ref> over two years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Conn |first=David |date=12 September 2012 |title=Hillsborough panel set to publish report on 1989 disaster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/12/hillsborough-panel-publish-report |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

===History===
In the years after the disaster, the Hillsborough Family Support Group had campaigned for the release of all relevant documents into the [[public domain]]. After the disaster's 20th anniversary in April 2009, supported by the [[Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport|Culture Secretary]], [[Andy Burnham]], and [[Ministry of Justice|Minister of State for Justice]], [[Maria Eagle]], the government asked the [[Home Office]] and [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport|Department of Culture, Media and Sport]] to investigate the best way for this information to be made public.<ref name="Hansard1209"/> In April 2009, the Home Secretary [[Jacqui Smith]] announced she had requested secret files concerning the disaster be made public.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/8006744.stm |title=Hillsborough files may be opened |work=BBC News |date=19 April 2009 |access-date=19 April 2009 |location=London}}</ref>

In December 2009, Home Secretary [[Alan Johnson]] said the Hillsborough Independent Panel's remit would be to oversee "full public disclosure of relevant government and local information within the limited constraints set out in the disclosure protocol" and "consult with the Hillsborough families to ensure that the views of those most affected by the disaster are taken into account".<ref name="Hansard1209">{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmhansrd/cm091215/wmstext/91215m0004.htm|title=Parliamentary business|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|date=15 December 2009}}</ref> An archive of all relevant documentation would be created and a report produced within two years explaining the work of the panel and its conclusions.

The panel was chaired by [[James Jones (bishop)|James Jones]], the [[Bishop of Liverpool]]. Other members were:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news//tm_headline=who-are-the-members-of-the-hillsborough-independent-panel%26method=full%26objectid=31815017%26siteid=100252-name_page.html|title=Who are the members of the Hillsborough Independent Panel?|work=Liverpool Echo|date=12 September 2012}}</ref>
* Raju Bhatt, human rights lawyer
* Christine Gifford, expert in the field of access to information
* Katy Jones, investigative journalist
* Bill Kirkup, Associate [[Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom)|chief medical officer]] in the [[Department of Health (United Kingdom)|Department of Health]]
* Paul Leighton, former [[deputy chief constable]] of the [[Police Service of Northern Ireland]]
* [[Phil Scraton]], expert in [[criminology]]
* [[Peter Sissons]], broadcaster (media)
* [[Sarah Tyacke]], former chief executive of [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|the National Archives]]

===Findings===
On 12 September 2012, the Hillsborough Independent Panel concluded that no Liverpool fans were responsible in any way for the disaster,<ref>{{cite web |title=Report summary (Page 14 of 14): Summary of Chapter 12: Behind the headlines: the origins, promotion and reproduction of unsubstantiated allegations |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/Section-1/summary/page-14/ |website=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report |publisher=Crown Copyright 2012 |access-date=19 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822211532/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/Section-1/summary/page-14/|archive-date=22 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and that its main cause was a "lack of police control". Crowd safety was "compromised at every level" and overcrowding issues had been recorded two years earlier. The panel concluded that "up to 41" of the 96 who had died up to that date, might have survived had the emergency services' reactions and co-ordination been better.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/12/hillsborough-disaster-inquest-prosecutions-report |title=Hillsborough disaster: new inquest likely after damning report|work= The Guardian|date=13 September 2012|access-date=22 March 2013|first1=Owen|last1=Gibson|first2=David|last2=Conn}}</ref> The number is based on post-mortem examinations which found some victims may have had heart, lung or blood circulation function for some time after being removed from the crush. The report stated that placing fans who were "merely unconscious" on their backs rather than in the [[recovery position]], would have resulted in their deaths due to [[airway obstruction]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Tozer |first=James |title=41 could have survived stadium crush|work= [[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]] |date=14 September 2012 |page= 36}}</ref> Their report was in 395 pages and delivered 153 key findings.

The findings concluded that 164 witness statements had been altered. Of those statements, 116 were amended to remove or change negative comments about South Yorkshire Police. South Yorkshire Police had performed blood alcohol tests on the victims, some of them children, and ran computer checks on the [[Police National Computer|national police database]] in an attempt to "impugn their reputation".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/12/hillsborough-disaster-report-panel-released-live |title=Hillsborough disaster report published |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=12 September 2012 |first=Haroon |last=Siddique}}</ref> The report concluded that the then Conservative MP for [[Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)|Sheffield Hallam]], [[Irvine Patnick]], passed inaccurate and untrue information from the police to the press.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/uk-news/hillsborough-files-report-raises-spectre-criminal-cases-and-shaming-2479397 |title=Hillsborough files: Report raises spectre of criminal cases and shaming |last=Rose |first=Gareth |date=13 September 2012 |work=The Scotsman}}</ref>{{sfn|HIP report|2012|pp=350–352}}

The panel noted that, despite being dismissed by the Taylor Report, the idea that alcohol contributed to the disaster proved remarkably durable. Documents disclosed confirm that repeated attempts were made to find supporting evidence for alcohol being a factor, and that available evidence was significantly misinterpreted. It noted "The weight placed on alcohol in the face of objective evidence of a pattern of consumption modest for a leisure event was inappropriate. It has since fuelled persistent and unsustainable assertions about drunken fan behaviour".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/Section-1/summary/page-5/ |title=Report summary (Page 5 of 14): Summary of Chapter 3: Custom, practice, roles, responsibilities |website=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report |publisher=Crown Copyright 2012 |access-date=15 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426172703/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/Section-1/summary/page-5/ |archive-date=26 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The evidence it released online included altered police reports.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/12/hillsborough-disaster-report-panel-released-live|title=Hillsborough Disaster Report Published – Wednesday 12 September|access-date=8 March 2017|work=The Guardian|date=12 September 2012}}</ref>

===Effects===
Subsequent apologies were released by Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] on behalf of the government,<ref name=BBC19543964 /> [[Ed Miliband]] on behalf of the [[His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition|opposition]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough statement: Cameron and Miliband apologise|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/house_of_commons/newsid_9750000/9750850.stm|work=BBC Democracy Live|publisher=BBC|access-date=12 September 2012|date=12 September 2012}}</ref> Sheffield Wednesday Football Club, South Yorkshire Police, and former editor of ''The Sun'', [[Kelvin MacKenzie]], who apologised for making false accusations under the headline [[Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster by The Sun|"The Truth"]].<ref name=mackenzie>{{cite web | url = http://www.itv.com/news/update/2012-09-12/kelvin-mckenzie-offers-profuse-apologies-over-hillsborough/ | title = Kelvin MacKenzie offers 'profuse apologies' over Hillsborough | publisher = [[ITV.com]] | date = 12 September 2012 | access-date = 12 September 2012}}</ref> MacKenzie said he should have written a headline that read "The Lies", although this apology was rejected by the Hillsborough Family Support Group and Liverpool fans, as it was seen to be "shifting the blame once again."<ref name=mackenzie/>

After publication, the Hillsborough Family Support Group called for new inquests for the victims.<ref>{{cite news|last=Press Association|title=Hillsborough families demand new inquests be held|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/17/hillsborough-families-seek-new-inquest|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=17 September 2012}}</ref> They also called for prosecutions for unlawful killing, corporate manslaughter and perversion of the course of justice in respect of the actions of the police both in causing the disaster and covering up their actions; and in respect of Sheffield Wednesday F.C., Sheffield Council and the Football Association for their various responsibilities for providing, certifying and selecting the stadium for the fatal event.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibson|first1=Owen|title=New Hillsborough inquest likely after damning report|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/12/hillsborough-disaster-inquest-prosecutions-report|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=13 September 2012|first2=David |last2=Conn}}</ref>

Calls were made for the resignation of police officers involved in the cover-up, and for Sheffield Wednesday, the police and the Football Association to admit their blame.<ref>{{cite news|last=Press Association|title=Hillsborough families call for FA apology over disaster|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/13/hillsborough-families-call-for-fa-apology|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=13 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first=David|title=Hillsborough report: FA could face charges, lawyers tell Liverpool fans' families|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/19/hillsborough-fa-could-faces-charges-lawyers-tell-families|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=19 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first=David|title=Hillsborough families call for Sheffield Wednesday manslaughter inquiry|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/19/hillsborough-families-sheffield-wednesday-manslaughter-charge|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=19 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Owen|title=Hillsborough: Sheffield Wednesday and police urged to admit blame|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/13/hillsborough-sheffield-wednesday-police-blame|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=13 September 2012}}</ref> Calls were also made for [[Dave Richards|Sir Dave Richards]] to resign as chairman of the Premier League and give up his knighthood as a result of his conduct at Sheffield Wednesday at the time of the disaster.<ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first=David|title=Premier League chairman must resign, says Hillsborough support group|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/19/hillsborough-dave-richards-sheffield-wednesday|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=19 September 2012}}</ref> The Home Secretary called for investigations into law-breaking and promised resources to investigate individual or systematic issues.<ref>{{cite news|last=Press Association|title=Hillsborough: home secretary says law-breakers must face investigation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/17/hillsborough-home-secretary-investigation|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=17 September 2012}}</ref>

On 23 October 2012, Norman Bettison resigned with immediate effect as chief constable of West Yorkshire Police, after [[Maria Eagle]] MP on the floor of the House and protected by [[parliamentary privilege]], accused him of boasting about concocting a story that all the Liverpool fans were drunk and police were afraid they were going to break down the gates and decided to open them.<ref name="hansard">{{cite web |last=Eagle|first=Maria|title=22 Oct 2012 : Column 765|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmhansrd/cm121022/debtext/121022-0003.htm#12102226000184|work=Hansard|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|title=Hillsborough: Norman Bettison resigns from West Yorkshire police|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/24/norman-bettison-resigns-hillsborough-west-yorkshire|access-date=24 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=24 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first=David|title=Hillsborough: police chief 'boasted' of role in smearing fans|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/23/hillsborough-police-chief-bettison-eagle|access-date=24 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Bettison denied the claim, and other allegations about his conduct, saying:<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holehouse|first1=Matthew|title=Hillsborough: Football fans' behaviour made police's job harder, says Sir Norman Bettison|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/news/9540916/Hillsborough-Football-fans-behaviour-made-polices-job-harder-says-Sir-Norman-Bettison.html|access-date=29 April 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=13 September 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=1 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001093841/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/news/9540916/Hillsborough-Football-fans-behaviour-made-polices-job-harder-says-Sir-Norman-Bettison.html}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Fans' behaviour, to the extent that it was relevant at all, made the job of the police, in the crush outside Leppings Lane turnstiles, harder than it needed to be. But it didn't cause the disaster any more than the sunny day that encouraged people to linger outside the stadium as kick off approached. I held those views then, I hold them now. I have never, since hearing the Taylor evidence unfold, offered any other interpretation in public or private.}}

Merseyside Police Authority confirmed that Bettison would receive an £83,000 pension, unless convicted of a criminal offence. Hillsborough families called for the payments to be frozen during the IPCC investigation.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bettison due £83k-a-year pension despite Hillsborough probe|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-20079755|access-date=25 October 2012|work=BBC News|date=25 October 2012}}</ref> In the same 22 October House of Commons debate, Stephen Mosley MP alleged West Midlands police pressured witnesses – both police and civilians – to change their statements.<ref name="hansard2">{{cite web |last=Mosley|first=Stephen|title=22 Oct 2012 : Column 735 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmhansrd/cm121022/debtext/121022-0002.htm#12102221000120|work=Hansard|publisher=UK Parliament|access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref> Maria Eagle confirmed her understanding that WMP actions in this respect would be the subject of IPCC scrutiny.<ref name="hansard" />

==Second coroner's hearing==
Following an application on 19 December 2012 by the [[Attorney General]] [[Dominic Grieve]], the High Court quashed the verdicts in the original inquests and ordered fresh inquests to be held.<ref>{{cite web |title=BAILII|access-date=12 November 2015|url=http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2012/3783.html}}</ref> [[John Goldring|Sir John Goldring]] was appointed as Assistant Coroner for South Yorkshire (East) and West Yorkshire (West) to conduct those inquests. The inquests hearings started on Monday 31 March 2014 at [[Warrington]]. Transcripts of the proceedings and evidence that was produced during the hearings were published at the Hillsborough Inquests official website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsboroughinquests.independent.gov.uk/|title=Hillsborough Inquests|access-date=12 November 2015}}</ref> On 6 April 2016, the nine jurors were sent out to consider their verdicts. These were formally given to the inquests at 11:00 on 26 April 2016.<ref name=BBC36128693>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36128693 |title=Hillsborough inquests: Jury reaches decision on unlawful killing question |work=BBC News |date=25 April 2016 |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> The jury returned a verdict of [[unlawful killing]] in respect of all 96 victims (by majority verdict of 7–2).<ref name=BBC36138337>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36138337 |title=Hillsborough disaster: Fans unlawfully killed |work=BBC News |access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hillsborough inquest verdicts quashed by High Court |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-20772416 |work=BBC News |access-date=22 December 2012 |date=19 December 2012}}</ref> Upon receiving the April 2016 verdict, Hillsborough Family Support Group chair Margaret Aspinall, whose 18-year-old son James was killed in the disaster, said:<ref>{{cite news|last1=Siddle|first1=John|title=Margaret Aspinall: I am so grateful to the people of Liverpool|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/margaret-aspinall-am-grateful-people-11243827|access-date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kirkby|first1=Dean|title=Tears of joy as inquest jury exonerates the 96 Hillsborough victims|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hillsborough-disaster-verdict-tears-of-joy-hugs-and-a-rendition-of-youll-never-walk-alone-as-jury-a7002411.html|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Independent|date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough inquests: Reaction to unlawful killing conclusion|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36141858|access-date=27 April 2016|work=BBC News}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Let's be honest about this – people were against us. We had the media against us, as well as the establishment. Everything was against us. The only people that weren't against us was our own city. That's why I am so grateful to my city and so proud of my city. They always believed in us.}}

On the day after the verdicts were reached, the Home Secretary, [[Theresa May]], made a statement to Parliament which included the verdicts of the jury to the fourteen questions they had been asked regarding the roles of South Yorkshire police, the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service, Sheffield Wednesday football club and Hillsborough stadium's engineers and two specific questions relating to the time and cause of death for each of the dead. In addition to the "unlawful killing" verdict, the jury concluded that "errors or omissions" by police commanding officers, Sheffield Wednesday, the ambulance service and the design and certification of the stadium had all "caused or contributed" to the deaths, but that the behaviour of football supporters had not. In all but one case, the jury recorded the time of death as later than the 3:15 pm cut-off point adopted by the coroner at the original inquests.<ref name="Hansard27416">{{cite web |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2016-04-27/debates/16042756000001/Hillsborough|title=Hillsborough – Statement|date=27 April 2016|work=[[Hansard]] volume 608|publisher=UK Parliament|pages=Column 1433|access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref>

Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] also responded to the April 2016 verdict by saying that it represented a "long overdue" but "landmark moment in the quest for justice", adding "All families and survivors now have official confirmation of what they always knew was the case, that the Liverpool fans were utterly blameless in the disaster that unfolded at Hillsborough."<ref name="Morris April 2016">{{cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Nigel|title=Hillsborough inquest suggests police 'should be prosecuted'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hillsborough-police-should-be-prosecuted-for-role-in-the-disaster-inquest-says-a7002126.html|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Independent|date=26 April 2016}}</ref> The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] described the handling of the Hillsborough disaster as the "greatest miscarriage of justice of our times", with Labour MPs [[Andy Burnham]] and [[Steve Rotheram]] calling for accountability and the prosecution of those responsible.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Joshua|title=Calls for prosecutions after 'greatest miscarriage of justice of our times'|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/hillsborough-greatest-miscarriage-justice-times-11243404|access-date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Labour Party: 'Greatest miscarriage of justice of our times'|url=http://www.itv.com/news/granada/2016-04-26/labour-party-greatest-miscarriage-of-justice-of-our-times/|access-date=27 April 2016|work=ITV News|date=26 April 2016}}</ref> [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] MP [[John Pugh (MP for Southport)|John Pugh]] called for David Cameron to make a formal apology in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] to the families of those killed at Hillsborough and to the city of Liverpool as a whole.<ref name="Morris April 2016" />

Echoing his 2012 expression of regret<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9540436/Jack-Straw-expresses-regret-over-failure-of-Hillsborough-review.html|title=Jack Straw expresses regret over failure of Hillsborough review|first=Rosa|last=Prince|date=13 September 2012|work=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-date=22 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222060907/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/8835870/Hillsborough-disaster-Sir-Oliver-Popplewell-outrages-campaigners-with-comments.html}}</ref> former Home Secretary [[Jack Straw]] apologised to the families for the failures of his 1997 review of the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/jack-straw-says-i-wish-11263496|title=Jack Straw on 1997 Hillsborough inquiry: 'I wish I could turn the clock back'|first=Joshua|last=Taylor|date=29 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo}}</ref>

Kelvin MacKenzie, who wrote the now-infamous "The Truth" front page for the ''Sun'', said that although he was "duped" into publishing his story, that his "heart goes out" to the families of those affected, saying that "It's quite clear today the fans had nothing to do with it". However, MacKenzie did not accept any personal responsibility for the story.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Joshua|title=Kelvin MacKenzie is still blaming other people for S*n's shameful front page|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/ex-sn-editor-kelvin-mackenzie-11250171|access-date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Joshua|title=Watch ex-S*n editor Kelvin MacKenzie squirm as he's chased by cameraman|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/watch-ex-sn-editor-kelvin-11247223|access-date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=26 April 2016}}</ref>

During the inquests, Maxwell Groome – a police constable at the time of the disaster – made allegations of a high-level "conspiracy" by [[Freemasons]] to shift blame for the disaster onto Superintendent Roger Marshall, also that junior officers were pressured into changing their statements after the disaster, and told not to write their accounts in their official police pocketbooks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Conn|first1=David|title=Freemason police officers tried to 'shift blame' after Hillsborough disaster, inquest told|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/dec/17/hillsborough-disaster-police-masonic-conspiracy|access-date=2 June 2016|work=The Guardian|date=17 December 2014}}</ref> Groome also claimed that match commander Duckenfield was a member of the "highly influential" Dole lodge in Sheffield (the same lodge as Brian Mole, his predecessor).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barlow|first1=Eleanor|title=Hillsborough: David Duckenfield was in same Masons lodge as officer he replaced|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/hillsborough-commander-david-duckenfield-same-8124374|access-date=2 June 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=17 November 2014}}</ref> Coroner Sir John Goldring warned the jury that there was "not a shred of evidence" that any Masonic meeting actually took place, or that those named were all Freemasons,<ref name=MtrMsn>{{cite news|last1=Nagesh|first1=Ashitha|title=Hillsborough tragedy: Did the Freemasons influence the Police?|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/04/26/hillsborough-tragedy-did-the-freemasons-influence-the-police-5842965/|access-date=2 June 2016|work=Metro|date=26 April 2016}}</ref> advising the jury to cast aside "gossip and hearsay".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pilling|first1=Kim|title=Did Freemasons influence police over Hillsborough?|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/uk/did-freemasons-influence-police-over-hillsborough-1-4111564|access-date=2 June 2016|work=The Scotsman|publisher=Johnston Press|date=26 April 2016}}</ref> During the inquests, Duckenfield confirmed that he became a Freemason in 1975 and became [[Worshipful Master]] of his local lodge in 1990, a year after the disaster; following this revelation, Freemasons were forbidden to take part in the IPCC investigation and Operation Resolve as civilian investigators to prevent any perceived bias.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/hillsborough-freemason-cops-banned-working-2366200|title=Hillsborough: Freemason cops banned from working on criminal probe into cover-up|first=Justin|last=Penrose|website=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=13 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Kay2016">{{cite news|last1=Kay|first1=Dan|title=Freemasons barred from investigation into alleged Hillsborough 'cover-up'|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/freemasons-barred-investigation-alleged-hillsborough-10684791|access-date=2 June 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Crowcroft2016">{{cite news|last1=Crowcroft|first1=Orlando|title=Hillsborough disaster: Why have freemasons been banned from the 1989 tragedy 'cover up' probe?|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hillsborough-disaster-why-have-freemasons-been-banned-1989-tragedy-cover-probe-1536829|access-date=2 June 2016|work=International Business Times UK|date=8 January 2016}}</ref>

===Independent Police Complaints Commission investigation===
Following the inquests verdicts, South Yorkshire police announced it would refer the actions of its officers to the [[Independent Police Complaints Commission]] (IPCC).<ref>{{cite news|last=Laville|first=Sandra|title=South Yorkshire police to ask IPCC to investigate Hillsborough officers' conduct|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/13/hillsborough-south-yorkshire-police-ippcc|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=14 September 2012}}</ref> West Yorkshire Police announced it would refer its Chief Constable, [[Norman Bettison]], to the IPCC in mid-September. Bettison had been one of a number of police officers who were accused by the Hillsborough Independent Panel of manipulating evidence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/hillsborough-report-what-happens-now-truth-383501|title=Justice for Hillsborough Victims and Families: What Happens Next?|work=International Business Times|date=12 September 2012|access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref> In early October, Bettison announced his retirement, becoming the first senior figure to step down since publication of the panel's report.<ref>{{cite news|last=Press Association|title=West Yorkshire Chief Constable referred to IPCC|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/sep/19/west-yorkshire-chief-constable-ipcc|access-date=5 October 2012|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first=David|title=Hillsborough disaster: Bettison's role revealed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/05/hillsborough-bettison-role|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=5 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Laville|first=Sarah|title=Hillsborough tragedy: Norman Bettison to retire after controversy over role|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/04/norman-bettison-retire-hillsborough-tragedy|access-date=5 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=4 October 2012}}</ref>

The IPCC announced on 12 October 2012 that it would investigate the failure of the police to declare a major incident, failure to close the tunnel to the stands which led to overcrowded pens despite evidence it had been closed in such circumstances in the past; changes made to the statements of police officers; actions which misled Parliament and the media; shortcomings of previous investigations; and the role played by Norman Bettison.

By 22 October 2012, the names of at least 1,444 serving and former police officers had been referred to the IPCC investigation. In its announcement, the IPCC praised the tenacity of the Hillsborough families' campaign for truth and justice.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Owen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/12/hillsborough-disaster-new-evidence-ipcc|title=Hillsborough disaster: the new evidence under IPCC investigation|access-date=2 May 2013|work=The Guardian|date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gibson|first=Owen|title=Hillsborough disaster: watchdog to launch biggest ever inquiry into police|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/12/hillsborough-disaster-biggest-inquiry-police|access-date=12 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Conn|first=David|title=IPCC Hillsborough inquiry is another vindication for families|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/12/ipcc-hillsborough-inquiry-vindication-families|access-date=12 October 2012|work=The Guardian|date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough probe 'to be UK's biggest into police conduct'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19922092|access-date=12 October 2012|work=BBC News|date=12 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough: 1,444 police names passed to IPCC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-20035472|access-date=24 October 2012|work=BBC News|date=22 October 2012}}</ref> On 16 October 2012, the Attorney General announced in Parliament he had applied to have the original inquests' verdicts quashed, arguing it proceeded on a false basis and evidence now to hand required this exceptional step.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough: Application for new inquests|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-19960279|access-date=16 October 2012|work=BBC News|date=16 October 2012}}</ref>

On 12 July 2013, it was reported that the IPCC had found that in addition to the now 164 police statements known to have been altered, a further 55 police officers had changed their statements. Deborah Glass, deputy chair of the IPCC said, "We know the people who have contacted us are the tip of the iceberg." That was after the IPCC's Hillsborough Contact team had received 230 pieces of correspondence since October 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ipcc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Documents/publications/Hillsborough_update_July_2013.PDF |archive-url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20131004000139mp_/http://www.ipcc.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Documents/publications/Hillsborough_update_July_2013.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 October 2013 |title=Hillsborough Investigation Update: Independent Police Complaints Commission |publisher=ipcc.gov.uk |date=11 July 2013 |access-date=11 March 2017 }}</ref>

The IPCC is{{update inline|date=January 2022}} also investigating the actions of [[West Midlands Police]], who in 1989 had been tasked with investigating South Yorkshire Police's conduct for both the original inquests and also the Taylor independent inquiry.<ref name="IPCC19">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jun/02/hillsborough-disaster-ipcc-inquiry-west-midlands-police|title=Hillsborough: 19 people refuse to help IPCC inquiry|date=2 June 2016|work=The Guardian|agency=Press Association|access-date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-23290122 |work=BBC News |title=Hillsborough probe finds more police statements changed |date=12 July 2013}}</ref>

In April 2016, the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] announced that it would consider bringing charges against both individuals and corporate bodies once the criminal investigation by the [[Independent Police Complaints Commission]] – Operation Resolve – had been completed.<ref name=CPS>{{cite web |url=http://cps.gov.uk/news/latest_news/cps_statement_following_hillsborough_inquest_verdict/ |title=Statements from the CPS, IPCC and Operation Resolve following Hillsborough inquests verdict |publisher=Crown Prosecution Service |access-date=26 April 2016 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429105208/http://www.cps.gov.uk/news/latest_news/cps_statement_following_hillsborough_inquest_verdict/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==='The patronising disposition of unaccountable power' report===

{{expand section|date=January 2022}}

In April 2016, the then Home Secretary [[Theresa May]] commissioned the Right Reverend [[James Jones (bishop)|James Jones]] ([[Bishop of Liverpool]] from 1998 to 2013)<ref name="BreakingNews.ie">{{cite web|url=https://www.breakingnews.ie/world/government-to-publish-response-to-report-on-experiences-of-hillsborough-families-1561160.html |title=UK government to publish response to report on experiences of Hillsborough families |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=[[BreakingNews.ie]] |author=Barlow, Eleanor}}</ref> to produce a report on the experiences of the Hillsborough families, in the hope that their pain and suffering would not be repeated and that their perspective would not be lost.<ref name="gov.uk_PR_20171101">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/bishops-review-of-hillsborough-families-experiences-published |title=Bishop's review of Hillsborough families' experiences published |type=Press release |date=1 November 2017 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=gov.uk |publisher=[[Home Office]]}}</ref> After carrying out a thorough review, Jones published his report – titled ''The patronising disposition of unaccountable power: A report to ensure that the pain and suffering of the Hillsborough families is not repeated'' – on 1 November 2017.<ref name="The patronising disposition of unaccountable power"/><ref name="gov.uk_Lessons_20171101">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hillsborough-stadium-disaster-lessons-that-must-be-learnt |title=Hillsborough stadium disaster: lessons that must be learnt |type=Independent report |date=1 November 2017 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=gov.uk |publisher=[[Home Office]]}}</ref> Having met the Hillsborough families in one-to-one meetings and group sessions whilst compiling his report, Jones was able to include numerous first-hand accounts of their encounters with private and public authorities.<ref name="gov.uk_PR_20171101" />

The report identified 25 'points of learning', of which the following drew particular attention:<ref name="BreakingNews.ie" /><ref name="gov.uk_Lessons_20171101" /><ref name="gov.uk_PR_20171101" />

*'''Charter for Families Bereaved through Public Tragedy''' – a series of commitments by public bodies to change, related to transparency and acting in the public interest<ref name="The patronising disposition of unaccountable power"/>{{rp|pp=94–95}}
*'''Proper participation' of bereaved families at inquests''' – including publicly funded legal representation for bereaved families at inquests at which public bodies are legally represented, an end to public bodies spending limitless sums, and a change in the way that public bodies approach inquests<ref name="The patronising disposition of unaccountable power"/>{{rp|pp=98–101}}
*'''A duty of candour for police officers''' – requiring them to cooperate fully with investigations into alleged criminal offences or misconduct, as undertaken by the Independent Police Complaints Commission or its successor body<ref name="The patronising disposition of unaccountable power"/>{{rp|pp=102–103}}

In the report, James also called for the government to give "full consideration" to a proposed Public Authority Accountability Bill, known informally as 'The Hillsborough Law', which would include a legal duty of candour on public authorities and officials to be truthful and to proactively cooperate with official investigations and inquiries.<ref name="BreakingNews.ie" /><ref name="irishexaminer.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/soccer/arid-41284597.html |title=British government stops short of introducing Hillsborough law in response to report |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=16 April 2024 |work=[[Irish Examiner]]}}</ref> The full text of the draft bill was provided as an appendix to his report.<ref name="The patronising disposition of unaccountable power"/>{{rp|pp=109–117}}

Six years after the report was published, on 6 December 2023, the government issued its response and signed the Hillsborough Charter giving a commitment to transparency following a public tragedy.<ref name="gov.uk_Letter_20231206">{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65706a3e7469300012488906/20231105_Letter_to_Departments_Bishop_James_Jones__Report.docx.pdf |title=Letter to Departments Bishop James Jones' Report |author=Dowden, Oliver |author-link=Oliver Dowden |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=assets.publishing.service.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hillsborough-charter |title=Hillsborough Charter |type=Policy paper |date=13 December 2023 |orig-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=18 April 2024 |publisher=[[Home Office]] and [[Cabinet Office]] |website=gov.uk}}</ref> However, the proposal for a 'Hillsborough Law' was rejected as it was considered by the government to be "not necessary".<ref name="irishexaminer.com" /><ref name="Spirit">{{cite web|url=https://spiritofshankly.com/hillsborough-law-is-rejected/ |title=We need a Hillsborough Law |date=6 December 2023 |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=[[Spirit of Shankly]]}}</ref>

==Criminal and civil cases==

===Prosecutions===
In February 2000, a [[private prosecution]] was brought against [[Chief Superintendent]] David Duckenfield and another officer, Bernard Murray. The prosecution argued that the crush was "foreseeable" hence the defendants were "grossly negligent".<ref name="Tragedy to truth" /> Prosecutor Alun Jones told the court that Duckenfield gave the order to open the gates so that hundreds of fans could be herded onto the already crowded terraces at the stadium. Jones stated that minutes after the disaster, Duckenfield "deceitfully and dishonestly" told senior FA officials that the supporters had forced the gate open. Duckenfield admitted that he had lied in certain statements regarding the causes of the disaster. The prosecution ended on 24 July 2000, when Murray was acquitted and the jury was unable to reach a verdict in the case of Duckenfield. On 26 July, the judge refused the prosecution's application for a retrial of Duckenfield.<ref name="Tragedy to truth" />

Police disciplinary charges were abandoned when Duckenfield retired on health grounds and, because Murray was unavailable, it was decided not to proceed with disciplinary charges against him. Duckenfield took medical retirement on a full police pension.<ref name="Straw">{{cite news |title=Straw backs Hillsborough officer |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/209499.stm |date=6 November 1998 |access-date=11 September 2006}}</ref><ref name="Police blame fans">{{cite news |title=Hillsborough police 'blamed fans' |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/788990.stm|date=13 June 2000|access-date=11 September 2006}}</ref><ref name="Jury">{{cite news |title=Hillsborough jury discharged |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/848798.stm |date=24 July 2000 |access-date=11 September 2006}}</ref>

Home Secretary Theresa May announced on 18 December 2012 that a new police inquiry would be initiated to examine the possibility of charging agencies other than the police over the Hillsborough deaths.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-20772416|title=New Hillsborough inquests ordered|date=19 December 2012|access-date=28 May 2020|work=BBC News}}</ref> The inquiry was first headed by former Durham Chief Constable Jon Stoddart, and later by [[Assistant Commissioner]] [[Rob Beckley (police officer)|Rob Beckley]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-38212418|title=New Hillsborough investigation boss appointed|work=BBC News|date=5 December 2016|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref>

On 28 June 2017, it was announced that six people were to be charged with offences in relation to the disaster. Former Chief Superintendent Duckenfield, in charge of the match, faced 95 counts of [[manslaughter|manslaughter by gross negligence]]. He faced no charge in respect of the death of Tony Bland, who died four years after the disaster. Former Chief Inspector Sir Norman Bettinson faced four counts of [[misconduct in public office]]. Former Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Club Secretary Graham Mackrell faced a charge of breaching the [[Safety at Sports Ground Act 1975]]. Solicitor Peter Metcalf, former Chief Superintendent Donald Denton, and former Detective Chief Inspector Alan Foster were all charged with [[perverting the course of justice]],<ref name=BBC40419819>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-40419819 |title=David Duckenfield faces Hillsborough charges with five others |work=BBC News Online |access-date=28 June 2017}}</ref><ref name=IPCCtweet>{{cite tweet |number=880007924696965120 |title=(untitled) |user=IPCCNews |author=[[Independent Police Complaints Commission]] |date=28 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> for having altered 68 police officers' statements in order to "mask the failings" of the police force.<ref name="BBC57172900" />

On 9 August 2017, all except Duckenfield appeared at [[Warrington]] Magistrates Court. Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the charge against him. No formal pleas were taken from the other four defendants. All five were bailed to appear at the [[Crown Court]] in September. Duckenfield was not required to appear as the [[Crown Prosecution Service]] (CPS) needed to apply to the High Court to lift a court order before he could be prosecuted on the manslaughter charges.<ref name=BBC40877811>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-40877811 |title=Hillsborough disaster accused appear in court |work=BBC News Online | date=9 August 2017|access-date=9 August 2017}}</ref> On 29 June 2018, a ruling was made that Duckenfield would be prosecuted on the manslaughter charges.<ref name=Sky11420746>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/hillsborough-match-commander-david-duckenfield-can-face-trial-11420746 |title=Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield can face trial |work=Sky News |date=29 June 2018 |access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref>

It was announced in December 2017 that a police officer and a [[farrier]] would not be prosecuted over allegations that they fabricated a story about a police horse being burned with cigarettes at Hillsborough. Although there was enough evidence to charge the farrier with perverting the course of justice, it was felt not to be in the public interest to charge him. There was insufficient evidence against the police officer to charge him with the offence.<ref name=BBC42365516>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-42365516 |title=Hillsborough officer not charged over horse burn claims |work=BBC News Online |date=15 December 2017 |access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref>

On 21 August 2018, it was announced that all charges against Bettison were being dropped as the CPS felt that there was insufficient evidence to have a realistic chance of a conviction. The death of two witnesses and contradictions in the evidence of others were cited as part of the reason for the decision. Representatives of the 96 victims of the disaster stated that they would be asking for an independent review of the decision under the Right to Review Scheme.<ref name=BBC45258766>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-45258766 |title=Hillsborough charges against Sir Norman Bettison dropped |work=BBC News Online |date=21 August 2018 |access-date=21 August 2018}}</ref>

At a trial preparation hearing at [[Preston Crown Court]] on 10 September 2018, Duckenfield pleaded not guilty to all 95 charges against him. Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the two charges against him. A provisional trial date was set for 14 January 2019,<ref name=BBC45471339>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-45471339 |title=Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield denies manslaughter |work=BBC News |date=10 September 2018 |access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref> on which date the trial started at Preston Crown Court before [[Peter Openshaw (judge)|Mr Justice Openshaw]].<ref name=ITV140119>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-01-14/hillsborough-match-commander-appears-in-court-at-start-of-manslaughter-trial/ |title=Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield appears in court at start of manslaughter trial |work=ITV News |date=14 January 2019 |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref>

On 13 March 2019, it was reported that Duckenfield would not be called to give evidence in his defence. It was also reported that the jury would be directed to find Mackrell not guilty on the charge of contravening the stadium's safety certificate due to a lack of evidence.<ref name=BBC47555666>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-47555666 |title=Hillsborough trial: David Duckenfield 'will not testify' |work=BBC News Online |date=13 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref> On 3 April, the jury returned with a guilty verdict against Mackrell on a health and safety charge but was unable to reach a verdict on Duckenfield.<ref name=BBC47800960>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-47800960 |title=Hillsborough trial: No verdict over David Duckenfield |work=BBC News Online |date=3 April 2019 |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> It was announced on 25 June that Duckenfield would face a retrial, which was scheduled to start on 7 October at Preston Crown Court.<ref name=BBC48756722>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-48756722 |title=Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield retrial |work=BBC News Online |date=25 June 2019 |access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> On 28 November 2019, Duckenfield was found not guilty of gross negligence manslaughter.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-50592077 | title=Hillsborough police chief David Duckenfield cleared of manslaughter | work=BBC News| date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/nov/28/how-david-duckenfield-trial-left-hillsborough-families-distraught-again|title =How David Duckenfield's trial left Hillsborough families distraught again|date=28 November 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=29 November 2019|last=Conn|first=David}}</ref>

On 26 May 2021, Denton, Foster and Metcalfe were all found not guilty of perverting the course of justice by altering 68 police officers' statements, when [[William Davis (judge)|Mr Justice William Davis]] found that they had [[no case to answer]]. The reason given was that the public inquiry in 1990, to which the altered statements were submitted, was not a statutory inquiry, and therefore not a Court of Law. Consequently, a course of public justice could not have been perverted.<ref name=BBC57172900>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-57172900 |title=Hillsborough trial: Men acquitted as judge rules no case to answer |work=BBC News |date=26 May 2021 |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref> The ruling also noted that the original statements had neither been destroyed, nor had they been ordered to be destroyed.<ref name=Ruling>{{cite web |url=https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hillsborough-Ruling.pdf |title=In the Crown Court at Manchester Sitting at Salford Quays. The Queen and Peter Metcalf, Donald Denton, Alan Foster. Ruling on Submissions of No Case to Answer |publisher=Judicial Office |author=Mr Justice William Davis |date=24 May 2021 |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526114856/https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hillsborough-Ruling.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In response to the acquittals, [[Leader of the House of Commons]] [[Jacob Rees-Mogg]] called the lack of accountability over Hillsborough "the greatest scandal of British policing of our lifetimes". [[Garston and Halewood (UK Parliament constituency)|Garston and Halewood]] MP [[Maria Eagle]] called for the law to be changed to "prevent another catastrophic failure of justice".<ref name=BBC57266824>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-57266824 |title=Lack of Hillsborough accountability is a scandal, says minister |work=BBC News |date=27 May 2021 |access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/may/26/hillsborough-trial-of-former-south-yorkshire-police-officers-collapses|title= Hillsborough families attack 'ludicrous' acquittals of police|date=26 May 2021|work=The Guardian|access-date=27 May 2021|last=Conn|first=David}}</ref>

===Psychiatric injury and other litigation===
Various negligence cases were brought against the police by spectators who had been at the ground but had not been in the pens, and by people who watched the incident unfolding on television (or heard about it on the radio). A case, ''[[Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police]]'' [1992] 1 A.C. 310, was eventually appealed to the Appellate Committee of the [[House of Lords]] and was an important milestone in the law of claims of secondary victims for negligently inflicted psychiatric injury. It was held that claimants who watched the disaster on television/listened on radio were not '[[wikt:proximal|proximal]]' and their claims were rejected.

Another psychiatric injury claim was brought to the House of Lords, ''[[White v Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police]]'' [1999] 2 A.C. 455. It was brought by police officers on duty against the chief constable who was said to have been vicariously liable for the disaster. Their claims were dismissed and the Alcock decision was upheld. It affirmed the position of the courts once again towards claims of psychiatric injuries of secondary victims.

A third legal case which resulted from the Hillsborough disaster was ''Airedale N.H.S. Trust v Bland'' [1993] A.C. 789, a landmark [[House of Lords]] decision in [[English criminal law]], that allowed the life-support machine of [[Tony Bland]], a Hillsborough victim in a persistent vegetative state, to be switched off.

In April 2016, an action was launched in the High Court on behalf of victims' relatives against both SYP and the West Midlands Police force (who had investigated the actions of SYP) alleging [[misfeasance in public office]],<ref name=BBC57356486>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-57356486 |title=Hillsborough: Police forces agree cover-up compensation for victims |work=BBC News |date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021|quote=A spokesman for Saunders Law, the lead solicitors for the group litigation, said the civil claim for misfeasance in a public office was started in 2015.}}</ref> involving a concerted cover-up designed to shift blame away from the police.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Halliday |first1=Josh |last2=Bowcott |first2=Owen |date=28 April 2016 |title=Hillsborough families to sue police for 'abuse on industrial scale' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/28/hillsborough-families-to-sue-police-for-abuse-on-industrial-scale |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> An agreement was reached to settle the case in April 2021, but reporting restrictions were put in place due to the pending trial of Denton, Foster and Metcalf. Following the finding that they did not have a case to answer, the restrictions were lifted.<ref name=BBC57356486/>

==="Hillsborough Law"===
[[File:Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|As Prime Minister, [[Keir Starmer]] has championed and overseen the introduction of the "Hillsborough Law".]]
A "Public Authority (Accountability) Bill", sometimes known as a "Hillsborough Law", has been proposed by bereaved families of various such disasters whereby public bodies and public servants (such as police) would have a "duty of candour".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barlow |first1=Eleanor |title=Government stops short of introducing Hillsborough Law in response to report |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/hillsborough-law-disaster-liverpool-report-rishi-sunak-anfield-stadium-b1125169.html |access-date=6 December 2023 |newspaper=Evening Standard |date=6 December 2023}}</ref>

The legislation, which received its first reading in Parliament in September 2025, aims to prevent future cover-ups by public officials and ensure justice for victims of major disasters like Hillsborough. [[Keir Starmer]] met with campaigners, including Margaret Aspinall, whose son died at Hillsborough, to mark the bill's introduction. Aspinall said she was grateful to Starmer for fulfilling his promise. Starmer had previously faced criticism for delays, having pledged to introduce the law by the 36th anniversary of the disaster in April 2025. He insisted he wanted to "take the time to get it right" amid concerns from campaigners and MPs about civil servants watering down the bill. Starmer and other government ministers have framed the Hillsborough Law as a measure to address institutional failures in a range of public disasters, including the Horizon IT scandal, the infected blood scandal, and the Grenfell Tower fire.

The proposed legislation has been praised by campaigner groups and local leaders, including Mayor of Liverpool City Region [[Steve Rotheram]], who described it as a "landmark moment".<ref>{{cite web |last=Starmer |first=Keir |date=15 September 2025 |title=Keir Starmer: 'A Hillsborough Law for Liverpool & for everyone' |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/keir-starmer-this-hillsborough-law-32482700 |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=Liverpool Echo }}</ref>

==Memorials==

===Permanent memorials===

[[File:Hillsborough Memorial, Anfield.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The Hillsborough memorial at [[Anfield]] in Liverpool]]
Several memorials have been erected in memory of the victims of the Hillsborough disaster.
* Flames were added either side of the Liverpool F.C. [[Crest (sports)|crest]] in memory of the fans who lost their lives in the Hillsborough disaster.<ref>{{cite news |title=LFC Crests |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/history/crests |access-date=29 July 2018 |agency=Liverpool F.C.}}</ref>
* The Hillsborough memorial at Anfield (featuring the names of the 97 who lost their lives, and an eternal flame) was located next to the Shankly Gates before it was moved to the front of the redeveloped main stand in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hillsborough memorial returns to Anfield |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/stadium/234646-hillsborough-memorial-returns-to-anfield |access-date=26 February 2020 |agency=LiverpoolFC}}</ref> It was modified with a 97th name after Andrew Devine died in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thomas|first=Joe|date=28 January 2022|title=Anfield memorial updated in honour of 97th victim of Hillsborough|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/anfield-memorial-updated-97th-victim-22912682|access-date=28 January 2022|website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref>
* A memorial at Hillsborough stadium, unveiled on the tenth anniversary of the disaster on 15 April 1999, reads: "In memory of the 96 men, women, and children who tragically died and the countless people whose lives were changed forever. FA Cup semi-final Liverpool v Nottingham Forest. 15 April 1989. 'You'll never walk alone.{{'"}}
* A memorial stone in the pavement on the south side of Liverpool's Anglican cathedral.
* A memorial garden in Hillsborough Park with a "You'll never walk alone" gateway.
* A headstone at the junction of Middlewood Road, Leppings Lane and Wadsley Lane, near the ground and by the [[Sheffield Supertram]] route.
* A Hillsborough Memorial Rose Garden in [[Port Sunlight]], [[Wirral Peninsula|Wirral]].
[[File:Hillsborough Memorial - geograph.org.uk - 405018.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Memorial at Hillsborough Stadium]]
* A memorial rose garden on [[Sudley House|Sudley Estate]] in South Liverpool (also known as the APH). Each of the six rose beds has a centre piece of a white standard rosebush, surrounded by red rose bushes, named 'Liverpool Remember'. There are brass memorial plaques on both sets of gates to the garden, and a sundial inscribed with the words: "''Time Marches On But We Will Always Remember''".
* In the grounds of [[Crosby, Merseyside|Crosby Library]], to the memory of the 18 football fans from [[Metropolitan Borough of Sefton|Sefton]] who lost their lives in the Hillsborough disaster. The memorial, sited in a raised rose bed containing the Liverpool Remembers red rose, is made of black granite. It is inscribed: "''In loving memory of the 96 football supporters who died at Hillsborough, Sheffield on 15 April 1989. Of those who lost their lives the following young men were from Sefton families.''" The memorial was unveiled on 4 October 1991 (two years before the death of Tony Bland) by the Mayor of Sefton, Councillor Syd Whitby. The project was carried out by the council after consultation with the Sefton Survivors Group.
[[File:Hillsborough memorial, Old Haymarket, Liverpool - 2013-04-16 (18).JPG|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Memorial at Old Haymarket, Liverpool]]
* A seven-foot-high circular bronze memorial was unveiled in the Old Haymarket district of Liverpool in April 2013. This memorial is inscribed with the words: "Hillsborough Disaster – we will remember them", and displays the names of the 96 victims who died.
* An eight-foot-high clock, dating from the 1780s, was installed at [[Liverpool Town Hall]] in April 2013, with the hands indicating 3:06 (the time at which the match was abandoned).<ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough memorial clock unveiled at Liverpool Town Hall|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/article3248184.ece|access-date=5 May 2018|work=Liverpool Echo|date=29 April 2013}}</ref>

* A memorial plaque dedicated to the 97 at Goodison Park in Liverpool, home of local rivals [[Everton Football Club|Everton F.C.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/everton-fc-unveil-tribute-hillsborough-8582964|title=Everton FC to unveil tribute to Hillsborough 96 ahead of Merseyside derby|first=Helen|last=Davies|date=5 February 2015|work=Liverpool Echo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Connor |date=15 April 2023 |title=Everton confirm plans to remember the 97 Hillsborough victims before Fulham game |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-confirm-plans-remember-97-26703840 |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=Liverpool Echo }}</ref>
*Hillsborough Oaks – 96 [[oak]] trees planted in Cross Hillocks Wood, next to the [[Knowsley Expressway]], with a memorial unveiled on 20 September 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cross Hillocks Wood |url=https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/woods/cross-hillocks-wood-1/ |publisher=Woodland Trust |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>

===Memorial ceremonies===
The disaster has been acknowledged on 15 April every year by the community in Liverpool and football in general. An annual memorial ceremony is held at Anfield and at a church in Liverpool. The 10th and 20th anniversaries were marked by special services to remember the victims.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/04/99/hillsborough/319303.stm|title=Hillsborough 10 years on|work=BBC News|date=16 April 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/feb/18/uefa-liverpool-hillsborough-disaster-memorial-service|title=Uefa to help Liverpool avoid Hillsborough clash |work=The Guardian|date=18 February 2009|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref> Liverpool F.C. typically request that they are not scheduled to play on the anniversary of the disaster.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gibson |first=Owen |date=16 March 2009 |title=Uefa relents over Hillsborough plea |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/mar/16/liverpool-hillsborough-20th-anniversary-champions-league-uefa |access-date=25 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

[[File:Hillsborough Memorial Bench, Spion Kop, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Bench at Spion Kop, South Africa, acting as a permanent memorial to those killed at Hillsborough]]From 2007, an annual Hillsborough Memorial service was held at [[Spion Kop (mountain)|Spion Kop]], KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The ceremony was held on the [[Spion Kop Battlefield]] that gave its name to the [[Spion Kop (stadiums)|Kop Stand]] at Anfield. There is a permanent memorial to the 96 fans who died, in the form of a bench in view of the battlefield at a nearby lodge. South African Liverpool supporters were responsible for the service and the bench was commissioned in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.liverpoolfc.tv/news/latest-news/south-african-reds-to-hold-memorial|title=South African Reds to hold memorial|website=liverpoolfc.tv|date=27 March 2010|access-date=12 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712112359/http://www2.liverpoolfc.tv/news/latest-news/south-african-reds-to-hold-memorial}}</ref> Following on from the Hillsborough families' decision to conclude official memorials at Anfield with a final service in 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/jan/06/hillsborough-anfield-memorial-service-liverpool-last-time|title=Anfield's Hillsborough memorial service to be held for last time in April|last=Hunter|first=Andy|date=6 January 2016|access-date=15 December 2021|work=The Guardian}}</ref> it was decided not to hold any further memorials at Spion Kop. The Memorial bench remains at Spion Kop Lodge. In April 2023, a single seat was added to commemorate the 97th victim, Andrew Devine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-fans-unveil-andrew-devine-26343016|title=Liverpool fans to unveil Andrew Devine memorial on Spion Kop|first=Patrick|last=Edrich|date=27 February 2023|website=Liverpool Echo|accessdate=4 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=YNWA: Andrew Devine Memorial Chair unveiled at Spion Kop Lodge in South Africa beside bench for 96 |url=https://theguideliverpool.com/ynwa-andrew-devine-memorial-chair-unveiled-at-spion-kop-lodge-in-south-africa-beside-bench-for-96/ |website=The Guide Liverpool |date=19 April 2023 |access-date=19 July 2024}}</ref>

In 2014, to mark the 25th anniversary of the disaster, the FA decided that all FA Cup, Premier League, Football League, and Football Conference matches played between 11 and 14 April would kick-off seven minutes later than originally scheduled with a six-minute delay and a [[one-minute silence]] tribute.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2014/mar/hillsborough-kick-off-tribute-210314|title=Football to remember Hillsborough disaster |website=TheFA.com |location=UK |date=21 March 2014 |access-date=12 April 2014}}</ref>

===10th anniversary===

In 1999, Anfield was packed with a crowd of around 10,000 people ten years after the disaster.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/a-minutes-silence-to-remember-hillsborough-1086572.html|title=A minute's silence to remember Hillsborough |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=11 April 1999 |access-date=15 April 2009 |first=Lousie |last=Jury}}</ref> A candle was lit for each of the 96 victims. The clock at the Kop End stood still at 3:06 pm, the time that the referee had blown his whistle in 1989 and a minute's silence was held, the start signalled by match referee from that day, Ray Lewis. A service led by the Right Reverend [[James Jones (bishop)|James Jones]], the Bishop of Liverpool, was attended by past and present Liverpool players, including [[Robbie Fowler]], [[Steve McManaman]] and [[Alan Hansen]]. According to the BBC report: ''"The names of the victims were read from the memorial book and floral tributes were laid at a plaque bearing their names."''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/319927.stm |title=Plea for Hillsborough justice |work=BBC News |date=15 April 1999 |access-date=15 April 2009 |location=London}}</ref> A gospel choir performed and the ceremony ended with a rendition of "[[You'll Never Walk Alone (song)|You'll Never Walk Alone]]". The anniversary was also marked by a minute's silence at the weekend's league games and FA Cup semi-finals.

===20th anniversary===
[[File:Hillsborough anniversary.JPG|thumb|Liverpool fans unfurl a banner displaying the names of the deceased on the 20th anniversary of the disaster.]]
In 2009, on the 20th anniversary of the disaster, Liverpool's request that their [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League#Quarter-finals|Champions League quarter-finals return leg]], scheduled for 15 April, be played the day before was granted.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/liverpool-avoid-hillsborough-anniversary-clash-1650267.html |title=Liverpool avoid Hillsborough anniversary clash |date=20 March 2009 |agency=Reuters |work=The Independent |location=London |access-date=2 April 2010}}</ref>

The event was remembered with a ceremony at Anfield attended by over 28,000 people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.espnstar.com/football/fa-cup/news/detail/item247176/Reds-united-in-demanding-justice/ |title=Reds united in demanding justice |publisher=ESPN Star |date=16 April 2009 |access-date=7 May 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721090718/http://www.espnstar.com/football/fa-cup/news/detail/item247176/Reds-united-in-demanding-justice/ |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="Liverpool 2009 tribute">{{cite news |title=Thousands flock to Anfield as Liverpool marks 20th anniversary of Hillsborough |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/hillsborough/hillsborough-news/2009/04/15/no-headline-100252-23393125/ |first=Alan|last=Weston|date=15 April 2009 |access-date=15 April 2009|work=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> The Kop, Centenary and Main Stands were opened to the public before part of the Anfield Road End was opened to supporters. The memorial service, led by the Bishop of Liverpool began at 14:45 [[British Summer Time|BST]] and a [[two-minute silence]] (observed across Liverpool and in Sheffield and Nottingham, including public transport coming to a stand-still)<ref name="Nottingham tribute">{{cite news |url=http://www.thisisnottingham.co.uk/homenews/Forest-flag-half-mast-ahead-Hillsborough-remembrance/article-903206-detail/article.html |title=Hundreds mark Hillsborough anniversary in city |work=Nottingham Post |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=15 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418230619/http://www.thisisnottingham.co.uk/homenews/Forest-flag-half-mast-ahead-Hillsborough-remembrance/article-903206-detail/article.html |archive-date=18 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Sheffield Tribute">{{cite news |title=Sheffield's Hillsborough tribute |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/south_yorkshire/7999413.stm |work=BBC News |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=15 April 2009 |location=London}}</ref> was held at the time of the disaster twenty years earlier, 15:06 BST. Burnham, by then the Sports Minister, addressed the crowd but was heckled by supporters chanting ''"Justice for the 96"''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/liverpool/5160448/Liverpool-fans-turn-on-Andy-Burnham-at-Hillsborough-memorial.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418221456/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/liverpool/5160448/Liverpool-fans-turn-on-Andy-Burnham-at-Hillsborough-memorial.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2009 |title=Liverpool fans turn on Andy Burnham |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=15 April 2009 |first=Jim |last=White}}</ref> The ceremony was attended by survivors of the disaster, families of victims and the Liverpool team, with goalkeeper [[Pepe Reina]] leading the team and management staff onto the pitch. Team captain Steven Gerrard and vice-captain [[Jamie Carragher]] handed the [[freedom of the city]] to the families of all the victims. Candles were lit for each of the 96 people who died. [[Kenny Dalglish]], Liverpool's manager at the time of the disaster, read a passage from the Bible, "Lamentations of Jeremiah". The Liverpool manager, [[Rafael Benítez]], set 96 balloons free. The ceremony ended with 96 rings of church bells across the city and a rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/merseyside/7999279.stm |title=Fans remember Hillsborough |work=BBC News |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=15 April 2009}}</ref>

Other services took place at the same time, including at the Anglican [[Liverpool Cathedral]] and the Roman Catholic Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral. After the two-minute silence, bells on civic buildings rang out throughout [[Merseyside]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southport.tv/page.php?id=Hillsborough-20th-Anniversary-Se |title=Southport.TV |publisher=Southport.TV |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>

A song was released to mark the 20th anniversary, entitled "[[Fields of Anfield Road]]", which peaked at No. 14 in the UK charts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/merseyside/7957988.stm |title=Hillsborough tribute CD released |work=BBC News |date=22 March 2009 |access-date=19 April 2009 |location=London}}</ref>

Liverpool, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Arsenal, and [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] players showed respect by wearing black armbands during their Champions League quarter-final matches on 14 and 15 April 2009.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

On 14 May, more than 20,000 people packed Anfield for a match held in memory of the victims. The Liverpool Legends, comprising ex-Liverpool footballers beat the All Stars, captained by actor [[Ricky Tomlinson]], 3–1. The event also raised cash for the Marina Dalglish Appeal which was contributed towards a radiotherapy centre at University Hospital in Aintree.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2009/05/15/kenny-s-king-as-legends-triumph-100252-23632614/ |title=Kenny's king as Legends triumph |date=15 May 2009 |work=Liverpool Echo |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/merseyside/8051595.stm |title=Match marks Hillsborough tragedy |date=15 May 2009 |work=BBC Sport |access-date=21 May 2009 |location=London}}</ref>

With the imminent release of police documents relating to events on 15 April 1989, the Hillsborough Family Support Group launched Project 96, a [[fundraising]] initiative on 1 August 2009. At least 96 current and former Liverpool footballers are being{{update inline|date=January 2022}} lined up to raise £96,000 by auctioning a limited edition (of 96) signed photographs.

On 11 April 2009, Liverpool fans sang "You'll Never Walk Alone" as a tribute to the upcoming anniversary of the disaster before the home game against [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] (which ended in Liverpool winning 4–0) and was followed by former Liverpool player, [[Stephen Warnock]] presenting a memorial wreath to the Kop showing the figure '' 96 '' in red flowers.

===Other tributes===
The Hillsborough disaster touched not only Liverpool, but football clubs in England and around the world.<ref>{{cite news|title=Soccer Resumes, Sadly |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/23/sports/soccer-resumes-sadly.html |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=23 April 1989 |access-date=29 December 2008}}</ref> Supporters of Everton, Liverpool's traditional local rivals, were affected, many of them having lost friends and family. Supporters laid down flowers and blue and white scarves to show respect for the dead and unity with fellow Merseysiders.

On 19 April 1989, four days after the disaster, the second leg of the [[1988–89 European Cup#Semi-finals|European Cup semi-final]] tie between [[AC Milan]] and [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] was played. The referee blew his whistle two minutes into the game to stop play and a minute's silence was held for those who lost their lives at Hillsborough.<ref name="Milan - Real Madrid 19 April 1989 full match">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMRyFdrO8d8#t=0m05s| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204010536/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMRyFdrO8d8&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=4 February 2012 | url-status=dead|title=Milan vs Real Madrid |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=4 April 2014}}</ref> Halfway through the minute's silence, the Milan fans sang Liverpool's "You'll Never Walk Alone" as a sign of respect.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lacey |first=David |title=Giggs showed that even in a cash-conscious age the game has moments which defy evaluation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/1999/apr/17/newsstory.sport9 |journal=The Guardian |location=UK |date=17 April 1999 |access-date=29 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="Milan - Real Madrid 19 April 1989 Minuto di silenzio">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZrVfMRyoE0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/5ZrVfMRyoE0| archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Milan vs Real Madrid – Fans Sing You'll Never Walk Alone |website=[[YouTube]] |date=27 July 2007 |access-date=11 August 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In April 1989, Bradford City and Lincoln City held a friendly match to benefit the victims of Hillsborough. The occasion was the first in which the two teams had met since the 1985 Bradford City stadium fire that had claimed 56 lives at [[Valley Parade]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~1498199,00.html |title=We've Met (Bradford) Before |date=23 December 2008 |last=Parle |first=Gary |website=Redimps.co.uk |access-date=26 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226000421/http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10440~1498199%2C00.html |archive-date=26 February 2009}}</ref>

On 30 April 1989, a friendly match organised by [[Celtic F.C.]] was played at [[Celtic Park]], Glasgow, between the home club and Liverpool. This game was Liverpool's first appearance on the football field since the disaster two weeks earlier. The crowd numbered more than 60,000, including around 6,000 Liverpool fans, and all the match proceeds went to the Hillsborough appeal fund. Liverpool won the match by four goals to nil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.celticfc.com/news/8034 |title=You'll Never Walk Alone |last=Cuddihy |first=Paul |date=15 April 2015 |website=celticfc.com |publisher=The Celtic Football Club |access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>

As a result of the disaster, Liverpool's scheduled match against Arsenal was delayed from 23 April until the end of the season, and the game eventually decided the [[1988–89 Football League|league title]]. At the rescheduled fixture, Arsenal players brought flowers onto the pitch and presented them to the Liverpool fans around the stadium before the game commenced.

During a 2011 debate in the House of Commons, the Labour MP for [[Liverpool Walton]], [[Steve Rotheram]], read out a list of the victims and, as a result, the names were recorded in the ''[[Hansard]]'' transcripts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-15345240 |title=MP's tearful tribute to Hillsborough 96 |work=BBC News |date=17 October 2011 |access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2011/10/18/hillsborough-debate-full-transcript-read-everything-mps-said-in-the-house-of-commons-100252-29614413/ |title=Hillsborough debate full transcript: Read everything MPs said in the House of Commons – link to full video now added |work=Liverpool Echo |date=18 October 2011 |access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref>

In December 2021, [[Liverpool City Council]] nominated Andrew Devine posthumously for the freedom of the city of Liverpool, a tribute given to the original 96 victims in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-59575463|title=Hillsborough: 97th victim's family 'proud' of Freedom of Liverpool award|date=8 December 2021|work=BBC News}}</ref>

==Controversies==

=== Media portrayal ===
Initial media coverage – spurred by what [[Phil Scraton]] calls in ''Hillsborough: The Truth'' "the [[Heysel Stadium disaster|Heysel factor]]" and [[Football hooliganism in the United Kingdom|"hooligan hysteria"]] – began to shift the blame onto the behaviour of the Liverpool fans at the stadium, making it a [[Public-order crime|public order]] issue.{{sfn|Scraton|2009|pp=116–118}} As well as ''The Sun''{{'}}s 19 April 1989 "The Truth" article (see below) other newspapers published similar allegations; the ''[[Daily Star (British newspaper)|Daily Star]]'' headline on the same day reported "Dead fans robbed by drunk thugs"; the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' accused the Liverpool fans of being "drunk and violent and their actions were vile", and ''[[The Daily Express]]'' ran a story alleging that "Police saw 'sick spectacle of pilfering from the dying'." Peter McKay in the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' wrote that the "catastrophe was caused first and foremost by violent enthusiasm for soccer and in this case the tribal passions of Liverpool supporters [who] literally killed themselves and others to be at the game"<ref name="Hillsborough and me" /><ref name="Hillsborough Report Chapter 12" /> and published a front-page headline "Police attack 'vile' fans" on 18 April 1989, in which police sources blamed the behaviour of a section of Liverpool fans for the disaster.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=London Evening Standard|date=18 April 1989|page=1|title=Police attack 'vile' fans}}</ref>

In Liverpool local journalist John Williams of the ''[[Liverpool Daily Post]]'' wrote in an article titled "I Blame the Yobs"<ref name="Contrast.org media react" /> that "The gatecrashers wreaked their fatal havoc ... Their uncontrolled fanaticism and mass hysteria ... literally squeezed the life out of men, women and children ... yobbism at its most base ... Scouse killed Scouse for no better reason than 22 men were kicking a ball".<ref name="Hillsborough and me">{{cite news|last1=MacKenzie|first1=Kelvin|title=Hillsborough and me|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2012/09/hillsborough-and-me/|access-date=30 April 2016|work=The Spectator|date=29 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="Hillsborough Report Chapter 12" />

In other regional newspapers, the ''[[Manchester Evening News]]'' wrote that the "Anfield Army charged on to the terrace behind the goal – many without tickets", and the ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' wrote that the "trampling crush" had been started by "thousands of fans" who were "latecomers ... forc[ing] their way into the ground".{{sfn|Scraton|2009|pp=116–118}} The ''[[Sheffield Star]]'' published similar allegations to ''The Sun'', running the headline "Fans in Drunken Attacks on Police".<ref name="Contrast.org media react">{{cite web |url=http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/history/media.shtm |title=The Immediate Aftermath – The Media Reaction – Hillsborough Football Disaster |publisher=Contrast.org |access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref>

Many of the more serious allegations – such as stealing from the dead and assault of police officers and rescue workers – appeared on 18 April,{{sfn|Scraton|2009|pp=116–118}} although several evening newspapers published on 15 April 1989 also gave inaccurate reporting of the disaster, as these newspapers went to press before the full extent or circumstances of the disaster had been confirmed or even reported. This included the [[Wolverhampton]]-based ''[[Express & Star]]'', which reported that the match had been cancelled as a result of a "pitch invasion in which many fans were injured". This article was presumably published before there were any reports that people had been killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/is-it-time-to-forgive-and-forget-kelvin-mackenzie-and-the-sun-over-the-lies-they-told-about-hillsborough-8190107.html|title=Is it time to forgive and forget Kelvin Mackenzie and the Sun over the lies they told about Hillsborough?|first=Ian |last=Herbert|date=28 September 2012|work=The Independent|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref> These media reports and others were examined during the 2012 Hillsborough Independent Panel report.<ref name="Hillsborough Report Chapter 12">{{cite web|url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/main-section/part-2/chapter-12/page-3/index.html |access-date=30 April 2016 |website=Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report |publisher=Crown Copyright 2012 |title=Chapter 12: Behind the headlines: the origins, promotion and reproduction of unsubstantiated allegations (Page 3 of 10): 'The Truth' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326031339/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/main-section/part-2/chapter-12/page-3/index.html |archive-date=26 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

====''The Sun''====
{{main|Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster by The Sun{{!}}Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster by ''The Sun''}}
[[File:Hillsborough disaster Sun.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The false allegations printed on the front page of ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'', 19 April 1989]]
On 19 April, four days after the disaster, Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'', ordered "The Truth" as the front-page headline, followed by three sub-headlines: "Some fans picked pockets of victims", "Some fans urinated on the brave cops" and "Some fans beat up [[Constable#United Kingdom|PC]] giving [[mouth-to-mouth resuscitation|kiss of life]]". Mackenzie reportedly spent two hours deciding on which headline to run; his original instinct being for "You Scum" before eventually deciding on "The Truth".{{sfn|Scraton|2009|pp=118, 254}}

The information was provided to the newspaper by ''Whites Press Agency'',<ref name="gov.uk/co/04601475">{{cite web |title=WHITES PRESS AGENCY LIMITED overview |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/04601475 |website=Find and update company information – [[GOV.UK]] |access-date=17 August 2025 }}</ref><ref name="thejournal/593040">{{cite news |last1=O'Connell |first1=Hugh |title="41 people might have survived" – the Hillsborough report's findings |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/hillsborough-report-main-findings-593040-Sep2012/ |work=[[TheJournal.ie]] |date=12 September 2012 |location=[[Dublin]] }}</ref><ref name="theguardian/patnick-dies">{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Ben |title=Former Tory MP Irvine Patnick dies aged 83 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/dec/30/irvine-patnick-dies |access-date=17 August 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=30 December 2012}}</ref> a [[news agency]] in Sheffield;<ref>{{cite news|title=Original 'copy' of Hillsborough story filed by White's news agency|url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/NGN000000010001.pdf|access-date=2 May 2016|website=hillsborough.independent.gov.uk|date=18 April 1989|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915173817/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/NGN000000010001.pdf}}</ref> the newspaper cited claims by police inspector Gordon Sykes, that Liverpool fans had pickpocketed the dead,<ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough Inquests: 'Regrets' over pickpocketing claims|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-29564707|access-date=1 May 2016|work=BBC News|date=10 October 2014|location=Liverpool}}</ref> as well as other claims by unnamed police officers and local Conservative MP [[Irvine Patnick]].<ref name="thescum">{{cite news |first1=Owen |last1=Gibson |first2=Helen |last2=Carter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/apr/18/hillsborough-anniversary-sun-newspaper |title=Hillsborough: 20 years on, Liverpool has still not forgiven the newspaper it calls 'The Scum' |work=The Guardian |date=18 April 2009|access-date=26 November 2011 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough report: Prime Minister David Cameron's statement in full|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9538391/Hillsborough-report-Prime-Minister-David-Camerons-statement-in-full.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914184556/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9538391/Hillsborough-report-Prime-Minister-David-Camerons-statement-in-full.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 September 2012|access-date=12 September 2012|date=12 September 2012|location=London}}</ref> ''The Daily Express'' also carried Patnick's version, under the headline "Police Accuse Drunken Fans" which gave Patnick's views, saying he had told Margaret Thatcher, while escorting her on a tour of the ground after the disaster, of the "mayhem caused by drunks" and that policemen told him they were "hampered, harassed, punched and kicked".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/PRE000000560001.pdf|title=Police Accuse Drunken Fans|work=Daily Express|date=19 April 1989|access-date=12 September 2012|publisher=Northern & Shell|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018135652/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/PRE000000560001.pdf|archive-date=18 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The story accompanying ''The Sun'' headlines claimed "drunken Liverpool fans viciously attacked rescue workers as they tried to revive victims" and "police officers, firemen and ambulance crew were punched, kicked and urinated upon". A quotation, attributed to an unnamed policeman, claimed a partially unclothed dead girl had been verbally abused, and that Liverpool fans were "openly urinating on us and the bodies of the dead".<ref>{{cite news |first=Owen |last=Gibson |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/jul/07/pressandpublishing.football1 |title=What the Sun said 15 years ago |work=The Guardian |date=7 July 2004 |access-date=26 November 2011 |location=London}}</ref> In fact many Liverpool fans helped security personnel stretcher away victims and gave first aid to the injured.<ref name="auto" /><ref name="Myths dispelled" /><ref name="Tragedy to truth" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00hpfqh |title=Witness: Boycott of The Sun newspaper |publisher=BBC |access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' later wrote that "The claim that supporters higher up the Leppings Lane terrace had urinated on police pulling bodies out of the crush appeared to have roots in the fact that those who were dying or sustaining serious injuries suffered [[Asphyxia#Compressive asphyxia|compression asphyxia]] and many [[wikt:involuntary|involuntarily]] urinated, vomited and emptied their bowels as they were crushed."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Conn|first1=David|title=How the Sun's 'truth' about Hillsborough unravelled|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/26/how-the-suns-truth-about-hillsborough-unravelled|access-date=29 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=26 April 2016}}</ref>

In their history of ''The Sun'', Peter Chippendale and [[Chris Horrie]] wrote:<ref name=PCCH>{{cite book |title=Stick it up your Punter! |first1=Peter |last1=Chippendale |first2=Chris |last2=Horrie |year=1990 |publisher=Heinemann |isbn=0-434-12624-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/stickitupyourpun0000chip}}</ref>
{{blockquote|As MacKenzie's layout was seen by more and more people, a collective shudder ran through the office (but) MacKenzie's dominance was so total there was nobody left in the organisation who could rein him in except Murdoch. (Everyone in the office) seemed paralysed – "looking like rabbits in the headlights" – as one hack described them. The error staring them in the face was too glaring. It obviously wasn't a silly mistake; nor was it a simple oversight. Nobody really had any comment on it – they just took one look and went away shaking their heads in wonder at the enormity of it. It was a 'classic smear'.}}

MacKenzie maintained for years that his "only mistake was to believe a Tory MP".<ref name="Justice Gap">{{cite web |url=https://www.thejusticegap.com/hillsborough-telling-truth-scum/|title=Hillsborough: telling the truth about the scum|work=The Justice Gap|last=Horrie|first=Chris|author-link=Chris Horrie|date=7 November 2014|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> In 1993, he told a [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] committee, "I regret Hillsborough. It was a fundamental mistake. The mistake was I believed what an MP said", but privately said at a 2006 dinner that he had only apologised under the instruction of [[Rupert Murdoch]], believing: "all I did wrong was tell the truth ... I was not sorry then and I'm not sorry now". On ''[[Question Time]]'' the next year, MacKenzie publicly repeated the claims he said at the dinner; he said that he believed some of the material they published in ''The Sun'' but was not sure about all of it.<ref name="Guardian 20 years">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/apr/18/hillsborough-anniversary-sun-newspaper|title=Hillsborough: 20 years on, Liverpool has still not forgiven the newspaper it calls 'The Scum'|work=[[The Guardian]]|last1=Gibson|first1=Owen|last2=Carter|first2=Helen|date=18 April 2009|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jan/12/broadcasting.pressandpublishing|title=MacKenzie speaks out on Hillsborough comments|work=[[The Guardian]]|last=Conlan|first=Tara|date=12 January 2007|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

Widespread boycotts of the newspaper throughout [[Merseyside]] followed immediately and continue to this day. Boycotts include both customers refusing to purchase it, and retailers refusing to stock it.<ref name="Vice17">{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/liverpool-vs-the-sun-how-the-city-rid-itself-of-the-uks-biggest-paper/|title=Liverpool Vs The Sun: How the City Rid Itself of the UK's Biggest Paper|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|last=Brett|first=Davey|date=9 May 2017|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="BBC 23-year">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-17113382|title=Liverpool's 23-year boycott of The Sun newspaper|work=BBC News|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=24 February 2012|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> The ''[[Financial Times]]'' reported in 2019 that Merseyside sales were estimated to drop from 55,000 per day to 12,000 per day, an 80% decrease.<ref name="FT">{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ffdb6e8c-c5c8-11e9-a8e9-296ca66511c9 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ffdb6e8c-c5c8-11e9-a8e9-296ca66511c9 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Sun boycott reduced Euroscepticism on Merseyside, study shows|work=[[Financial Times]]|last=Bounds|first=Andy|date=26 August 2019|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> [[Chris Horrie]] estimated in 2014 that the tabloid's owners had lost £15{{nbsp}}million per month since the disaster, in 1989 prices.<ref name="Vice17"/> The Hillsborough Justice Campaign organised a less successful national boycott that had some impact on the paper's sales nationally.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2006/oct/29/whyisthesuncuttingitspri|title=Why is The Sun cutting its price |work=The Guardian |first=Roy |last=Greenslade |date=29 October 2006 |access-date=25 March 2010 |location=London}}</ref>

In 2004, after [[Wayne Rooney]] gave exclusive interviews to ''The Sun'', causing backlash in Liverpool, ''The Sun'' ran a front-page story apologising for "the most terrible mistake in its history", saying "We long ago apologised publicly{{nbsp}}... We gladly say sorry again today: fully, openly, honestly and without reservation". It said criticism of Rooney was wrong and co-ordinated by the ''Liverpool Echo'' and ''[[Liverpool Post]]''. The ''Liverpool Echo'' condemned the apology as "cynical and shameless".<ref name="Guardian 20 years"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/jul/07/pressandpublishing.football|title=Sun apologises for Hillsborough|work=[[The Guardian]]|last=Cozens|first=Claire|date=7 July 2004|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> In 2012, under the headline "The Real Truth", ''The Sun'' made a front-page apology, saying "we are profoundly sorry for false reports". The editor at the time, Dominic Mohan, wrote: "We published an inaccurate and offensive story about the events at Hillsborough. We said it was the truth – it wasn't{{nbsp}}... for that we're deeply ashamed and profoundly sorry".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9540181/Hillsborough-The-Sun-profoundly-sorry-over-false-fan-conduct-reports.html|title=Hillsborough: The Sun 'profoundly sorry' over false fan conduct reports|work=The Telegraph|date=13 September 2012|access-date=20 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=11 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111155333/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9540181/Hillsborough-The-Sun-profoundly-sorry-over-false-fan-conduct-reports.html}}</ref> Following the second inquest in 2016, ''The Sun''{{'}}s eighth and ninth pages carried images of the 96 victims and an editorial which apologised "unreservedly", saying "the police smeared [supporters] with a pack of lies which in 1989 the Sun and other media swallowed whole". A lengthier apology was published online.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-the-papers-36147007|title=Newspaper review: Hillsborough 'justice' hailed, but not on Sun's front page|work=BBC News|publisher=[[BBC]]|last=Hand|first=John|date=27 April 2016|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Don't Buy the Sun sticker.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Sticker urging the Liverpool public not to purchase ''The Sun'']]

[[James Murdoch]] made a full apology for ''The Sun''{{'s}} coverage when he appeared at a hearing of the House of Commons [[Select committee (United Kingdom)|Select committee]] dealing with the [[News International phone hacking scandal]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/8881618/News-International-chairman-James-Murdoch-apologises-to-Liverpool-over-Suns-coverage-of-Hillsborough-tragedy.html |title=News International chairman James Murdoch apologises to Liverpool over Sun's coverage of Hillsborough tragedy |work=The Telegraph |date=10 November 2011 |access-date=26 November 2011 |location=London |url-status=live|archive-date=23 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623014332/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/8881618/News-International-chairman-James-Murdoch-apologises-to-Liverpool-over-Suns-coverage-of-Hillsborough-tragedy.html}}</ref>

On 12 September 2012, after the publication of the report exonerating the Liverpool fans, MacKenzie issued the following statement:<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19569749|title=Hillsborough files: Reaction to release of government papers|date=13 September 2012|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Today I offer my profuse apologies to the people of Liverpool for that headline. I too was totally misled. Twenty-three years ago I was handed a piece of copy from a reputable news agency in Sheffield, in which a senior police officer and a senior local MP were making serious allegations against fans in the stadium. I had absolutely no reason to believe that these authority figures would lie and deceive over such a disaster. As the prime minister has made clear, these allegations were wholly untrue and were part of a concerted plot by police officers to discredit the supporters thereby shifting the blame for the tragedy from themselves. It has taken more than two decades, 400,000 documents and a two-year inquiry to discover to my horror that it would have been far more accurate had I written the headline The Lies rather than The Truth. I published in good faith and I am sorry that it was so wrong.}}

In response, Trevor Hicks, chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, rejected MacKenzie's apology as "too little, too late", calling him "[[Low-life|lowlife]], clever lowlife, but lowlife".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9538782/Hillsborough-Kelvin-MacKenzie-offers-profuse-apologies-to-the-people-of-Liverpool.html |title=Hillsborough: Kelvin MacKenzie offers 'profuse apologies to the people of Liverpool' |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=12 September 2012 |access-date=14 September 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=2 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102204011/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9538782/Hillsborough-Kelvin-MacKenzie-offers-profuse-apologies-to-the-people-of-Liverpool.html}}</ref> A press conference held by families of the victims also banned all ''Sun'' reporters from entering, with a sign on the door reading "NO ENTRY TO SUN JOURNALISTS".<ref name=AllegrettiHarris/>

Following the April 2016 verdict of unlawful killing, ''The Sun'' and the first print edition of the ''Times'' (both owned by [[News UK|News International]]), did not cover the stories on their front pages, with ''The Sun'' relegating the story to pages 8 and 9. An apology appeared on page 10, reiterating previous statements that the 1989 headline had been an error of judgement.<ref name="Sommers27April" />

The coverage was widely condemned on [[social media]], with [[Twitter]] users saying that this reflected "Murdoch's view on Hillsborough", which was a "smear", which "now daren't speak its name".<ref name="Sommers27April">{{cite news|last1=Sommers|first1=Jack|title=The Sun Relegates Hillsborough To Page 8, Outrage Ensues|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hillsborough-sun-front-page_uk_571fe5f4e4b06bf544e0dfb0|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Huffington Post|date=27 April 2016}}</ref> On the night of the verdict coverage, more than 124,000 tweets used the term ''The Sun''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Press Association|title=Sun and Times front pages criticised for ignoring Hillsborough verdict|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/27/sun-times-front-pages-ignore-hillsborough-verdict|access-date=30 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Macdonald|first1=Neil|title=S*n and Times slammed for ignoring Hillsborough on front pages|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/sn-times-slammed-ignoring-hillsborough-11247940|access-date=30 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="BBCHillsborough2016">{{cite news|title=Hillsborough: Times admits front page 'mistake'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-36148748|access-date=30 April 2016|work=BBC News|date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=York|first1=Chris|title=The Hillsborough Verdict Shows People Still Haven't Forgiven The Sun Even After 27 Years|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hillsborough-inquest-verdict-the-sun-kelvin-mackenzie_uk_571f4311e4b06bf544e0a7fa|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Huffington Post|date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Joshua|title=The S*n hides behind wall of silence after landmark Hillsborough verdicts|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/sn-hides-behind-wall-silence-11245802|access-date=30 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=26 April 2016}}</ref>{{overcite|date=May 2025}}

However, on [[Sky News]], ''The Sun''{{'s}} Political Editor [[Tom Newton Dunn]] defended this decision, saying: "I don't think it should all be about ''The Sun'' – it was not us who committed Hillsborough."<ref name="Sommers27April"/> [[Trevor Kavanagh]], the political editor at the time of the Hillsborough disaster, said that he was "not sorry at all" about the reporting and supported his former boss Kelvin MacKenzie, stating that "we were clearly misled about the events and the authorities, including the police, actively concealed the truth".<ref name=AllegrettiHarris>{{cite news|last1=Allegretti|first1=Aubrey|last2=Harris|first2=Sarah Ann|title=Not Even The Sun Could Have Expected This Level of Anger After Hillsborough Inquest|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/hillsborough-disaster-inquest-the-sun-kelvin-mackenzie-trevor-kavanagh_uk_571f8103e4b06bf544e0c423|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Huffington Post|date=26 April 2016}}</ref>

In February 2017, Liverpool F.C. issued a ban on ''The Sun'' journalists from entering their grounds in response to the coverage of Hillsborough by the newspaper.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-38933817|title=Liverpool FC ban for Sun journalists over Hillsborough|work=BBC News|date=10 February 2017|access-date=11 February 2017}}</ref> [[Everton F.C.]] followed in April 2017 on the eve of the 28th anniversary of the disaster after a column by Kelvin MacKenzie concerning Everton footballer [[Ross Barkley]]. MacKenzie was suspended as a contributor to the newspaper.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/15/everton-join-liverpool-in-banning-sun-journalists-over-coverage|title=Everton join Liverpool in banning Sun journalists over coverage|work=The Guardian|date=15 April 2017|access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref>

====''The Times''====
The journalist [[Edward Pearce (journalist)|Edward Pearce]] was criticised for writing a controversial article in the aftermath of the disaster, at a time when a number of victims' funerals were taking place. His column in ''The Sunday Times'' on 23 April 1989, included the text:<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=moYLgQT35G0C&pg=PA67 |title=Pies and Prejudice: In Search of the North |first=Stuart |last=Maconie |author-link=Stuart Maconie |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2008 |page=67 |isbn=978-0-09-191023-5}}</ref>
{{blockquote|For the second time in half a decade a large body of Liverpool supporters has killed people ... the shrine in the Anfield goalmouth, the cursing of the police, all the theatricals, come sweetly to a city which is already the world capital of self-pity. There are soapy politicians to make a pet of Liverpool, and Liverpool itself is always standing by to make a pet of itself. 'Why us? Why are we treated like animals?' To which the plain answer is that a good and sufficient minority of you behave like animals.}}

Pearce went on to reflect that if South Yorkshire Police bore any responsibility, it was "for not realising what brutes they had to handle."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20CfjILnQ9cC&pg=PA180 |title=Liverpool – Wondrous Place: From the Cavern to the Capital of Culture |first=Paul |last=Du Noyer |author-link=Paul Du Noyer |publisher=[[Random House]] |year=2012 |page=180|isbn=978-0-7535-1269-2}}</ref>

Phil Scraton described Pearce's comments as amongst the "most bigoted and factually inaccurate" published in the wake of the disaster.{{sfn|Scraton et al|1995}}{{Page needed|date=December 2021}} A number of complaints were made to the [[Press Council (UK)|Press Council]] concerning the article, but the Council ruled that it was unable to adjudicate on comment pieces, though the Council noted that tragedy or disaster is not an occasion for writers to exercise gratuitous provocation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/HOM000003280001.pdf |title=Hillsborough Inquiry : Press Release No. AA17193/2431 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509064624/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/docs/HOM000003280001.pdf |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=dead |date=30 July 1989 |publisher=The Press Council |location=London}}</ref>

On 27 April 2016, ''[[The Times|Times]]'' staffers in the sports department expressed their outrage over the paper's decision to cover 26 April inquest, which ruled that the 96 dead were unlawfully killed, only on an inside spread and the sports pages, with some in the newspaper claiming there was a "mutiny" in the sports department.<ref name="Martinson 27 April 16">{{cite news|last1=Martinson|first1=Jane|title=Times front page omitting Hillsborough changed after staff revolt|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/apr/27/times-hillsborough-protest-front-page-twitter|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 April 2016}}</ref> The ''Times'' later tweeted that "We made a mistake with the front page of our first edition, and we fixed it for our second edition."<ref>{{cite tweet |user=TheTimes|number=725286275817836545 |date=27 April 2016 |title= We've been criticised today for not having Hillsborough on our first edition front page. This is our response |work=The Times |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

The ''Times'' was the only major UK newspaper not to give the story front-page coverage other than fellow News UK-owned ''Sun''.<ref name="Martinson 27 April 16" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Hillsborough inquest verdict: the front pages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/gallery/2016/apr/27/hillsborough-inquest-verdict-front-pages|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 April 2016}}</ref> [[Gary Lineker]] described the incident as "disgusting as it is unsurprising",<ref>{{cite tweet|first=Gary |last=Lineker|author-link=Gary Lineker|user=GaryLineker|number=725085803286790148|date=27 April 2016|title=As disgusting as it is unsurprising. They have no shame. |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> and [[David Walsh (journalist)|David Walsh]], chief sports writer at the ''[[Sunday Times]]'', said it was a "shocking misjudgment" to not include this story on the front page.<ref>{{cite tweet|first=David |last=Walsh |author-link=David Walsh (journalist) |user=DavidWalshST|number=725297115359006720|date=27 April 2016|title=I live in a part of England that receives first edition of The Times. Failure to put Hillsborough on front page a shocking misjudgement.|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> However, insiders dismissed any suggestion that a visit by News UK owner Rupert Murdoch to the ''Times'' newsroom on the day of the verdict had anything to do with the editorial decision.<ref name="Martinson 27 April 16" />

==== ''FHM Australia'' ====
The November 2002 edition of the men's lifestyle magazine ''[[FHM]]'' in Australia was withdrawn from sale soon after its publication, and a public apology made in the Australian and British editions, because it contained jokes mocking the disaster.<ref name="brandrepublic">{{cite web |url=http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/161663/FHM-Australia-pulled-Hillsborough-comments/ |title=FHM Australia, pulled after Hillsborough comments |work=Brand Republic |date=22 October 2002 |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref> As a result, [[Emap]] Australia, who owned ''FHM'' at the time, pledged to make a donation to the families of the victims.<ref name="pressgazette">{{cite web |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=21703&sectioncode=1 |title=FHM faces a boycott after Hillsborough 'joke' |work=Press Gazette |date=25 October 2002 |access-date=7 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616185839/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=21703&sectioncode=1 |archive-date=16 June 2011}}</ref> Although the original apology was not printed in the magazine as it was not considered "serious enough",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Byrne|first1=Ciar|title=FHM bungles Hillsborough apology|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/oct/28/pressandpublishing|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Guardian|date=28 October 2002}}</ref> its Australian editor, Geoff Campbell, released a statement: "We deeply regret the photograph captions published in the November issue of the Australian edition of ''FHM'', accompanying an article about the Hillsborough disaster of 1989. The right course of action is to withdraw this edition from sale – which we will be doing. We have been in contact with the Hillsborough Family Support Group and the Hillsborough Justice Campaign to express our deep regret and sincere apologies."<ref name="brandrepublic" /> The British edition disassociated itself from the controversy, stating: "''FHM'' Australia has its own editorial team and these captions were written and published without consultation with the UK edition, or any other edition of ''FHM''."<ref name="pressgazette"/>

The vice-chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, Philip Hammond, said he wanted all football fans to boycott the magazine, saying, "I am going to write to every fanzine in the country – including Liverpool F.C.'s – telling them to ban ''FHM.'' People are very upset by it. I think there will be a real boycott." He added it would be like making jokes about the [[2002 Bali bombings]], in which 88 Australians were killed.<ref name="pressgazette" />

==== ''The Spectator'' ====
''[[The Spectator]]'' was criticised for an editorial which appeared in the magazine on 16 October 2004 following the death of British hostage [[Kenneth Bigley|Kenneth John "Ken" Bigley]] in Iraq, in which it was claimed that the response to Bigley's killing was fuelled by the fact he was from Liverpool, and went on to criticise the "drunken" fans at Hillsborough and call on them to accept responsibility for their "role" in the disaster:<ref>{{cite magazine |author= |title=Bigley's fate |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2004/10/bigleys-fate/ |magazine=The Spectator |location=London |publisher=Press Holdings |date=16 October 2004 |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>
{{blockquote|The extreme reaction to Mr Bigley's murder is fed by the fact that he was a Liverpudlian. Liverpool is a handsome city with a tribal sense of community. A combination of economic misfortune – its docks were, fundamentally, on the wrong side of England when Britain entered what is now the European Union – and an excessive predilection for welfarism have created a peculiar, and deeply unattractive, psyche among many Liverpudlians. They see themselves whenever possible as victims, and resent their victim status; yet at the same time they wallow in it. Part of this flawed psychological state is that they cannot accept that they might have made any contribution to their misfortunes, but seek rather to blame someone else for it, thereby deepening their sense of shared tribal grievance against the rest of society. The deaths of more than 50 Liverpool football supporters at Hillsborough in 1989 was undeniably a greater tragedy than the single death, however horrible, of Mr Bigley; but that is no excuse for Liverpool's failure to acknowledge, even to this day, the part played in the disaster by drunken fans at the back of the crowd who mindlessly tried to fight their way into the ground that Saturday afternoon. The police became a convenient scapegoat, and the ''Sun'' newspaper a whipping-boy for daring, albeit in a tasteless fashion, to hint at the wider causes of the incident.}}

Although the editor [[Boris Johnson]] did not write this piece,<ref name=indy100>{{cite news|last1=Doré|first1=Louis|title=The truth about that awful Boris Johnson 'quote' on Hillsborough|url=http://indy100.independent.co.uk/article/the-truth-about-that-awful-alleged-boris-johnson-quote-on-hillsborough--Z1SY2Me2WW|access-date=29 April 2016|work=indy100|date=26 April 2016|archive-date=29 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429090744/http://indy100.independent.co.uk/article/the-truth-about-that-awful-alleged-boris-johnson-quote-on-hillsborough--Z1SY2Me2WW|url-status=dead}}</ref> journalist [[Simon Heffer]] said he had written the first draft of the article at Johnson's request.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/news/9542085/Hillsborough-Boris-Johnson-very-very-sorry-for-blaming-Liverpool-fans.html|title=Hillsborough: Boris Johnson 'very, very' sorry for blaming Liverpool fans|first=Steven|last=Swinford|date=13 September 2012|access-date=28 May 2020|work=The Telegraph|url-status=live|archive-date=14 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914004625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/news/9542085/Hillsborough-Boris-Johnson-very-very-sorry-for-blaming-Liverpool-fans.html}}</ref> Johnson apologised at the time of the article, travelling to Liverpool to do so,<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Hillsborough: Boris Johnson apologises for slurs in 2004 Spectator article |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/hillsborough-boris-johnson-apologises-slurs-3334849 |work=Liverpool Echo |date=13 September 2012 |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> and again following the publication of the report of the Hillsborough Independent Panel in 2012; Johnson's apology was rejected by Margaret Aspinall, chair of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, whose son James, 18, died in the disaster:<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Hillsborough papers: Boris Johnson apologises over article |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19589039 |work=BBC News |date=13 September 2012 |access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>
{{blockquote|What he has got to understand is that we were speaking the truth for 23 years and apologies have only started to come today from them because of yesterday. It's too little, too late. It's fine to apologise afterwards. They just don't want their names in any more sleaze. No, his apology doesn't mean a thing to me.}}

The ''Spectator''{{'s}} comments were widely circulated following the April 2016 verdict by the Hillsborough inquest's second hearing proving [[unlawful killing]] of the 96 dead at Hillsborough.<ref name=indy100 />

===''EastEnders''===
In November 2007, the BBC soap opera ''[[EastEnders]]'' caused controversy when the character [[Minty Peterson]] (played by [[Cliff Parisi]]) made a reference to the disaster. During the episode car mechanic Minty said: "Five years out of Europe because of Heysel, because they penned you lot in to stop you fighting on the pitch and then what did we end up with? Hillsborough." This prompted 380 complaints and the BBC apologised, saying that the character was simply reminding another character, former football hooligan [[Jase Dyer]], that the actions of hooligans led to the fencing-in of football fans. [[Ofcom]] also received 177 complaints.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/nov/16/bbc.television1 |title=EastEnders attracts 1,000 complaints |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=16 November 2007 |access-date=18 November 2007 |first=Caitlin |last=Fitzsimmons}}</ref>

===Charles Itandje===
Liverpool goalkeeper [[Charles Itandje]] was accused of having shown disrespect towards the Hillsborough victims during the 2009 remembrance ceremony, as he was spotted on camera "smiling and nudging" teammate [[Damien Plessis]]. He was suspended from the club for a fortnight and many fans felt he should not play for the club again. He was omitted from the first team squad and never played for the club in any capacity again.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/8005039.stm |title=Club probes Hillsborough 'insult' |work=BBC News |date=18 April 2009 |access-date=19 April 2009 |location=London}}</ref>

===Jeremy Hunt===
On 28 June 2010, following [[England national football team|England]]'s departure from the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]] in South Africa, the UK's Culture and Sport Secretary [[Jeremy Hunt]] praised the England fans for their behaviour during the competition, saying "I mean, not a single arrest for a football-related offence, and the terrible problems that we had in Heysel and Hillsborough in the 1980s seem now to be behind us." He later apologised and said "I know that fan unrest played no part in the terrible events of April 1989 and I apologise to Liverpool fans and the families of those killed and injured in the Hillsborough disaster if my comments caused any offence." Margaret Aspinall, chair of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, asked for a face to face meeting with Hunt before deciding if she would{{update inline|date=January 2022}} accept the apology.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10434714 |work=BBC News |title=Apology over Hillsborough claims |date=28 June 2010}}</ref>

===Fans' chants===
Fans of rival clubs<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/170378.html|title=United fans want to end Hillsborough chants|publisher=ESPN|date=15 September 2012|access-date=25 September 2012|archive-date=20 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020202610/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/170378.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> have been known to chant about the Hillsborough disaster at football matches, in order to upset Liverpool fans. Following the findings of the Independent Panel in September 2012, [[Alex Ferguson]] and two Manchester United fan groups called for an end to the "sick chants".<ref>{{cite news |title=Manchester United fan groups want end to sick chants |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19666181 |work=BBC Sport |date=20 September 2012}}</ref> Leeds United chairman [[Ken Bates]] endorsed this call in the club programme and stated, "Leeds have suffered at times [[2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence|with reference to Galatasaray]]; some of our so-called fans have also been guilty as well, particularly in relation to [[Munich air disaster|Munich]]." "Munich" is a reference to the deaths of eight Manchester United players in the [[Munich air disaster|Munich air disaster of 1958]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Leeds United v Hull City official matchday programme|publisher=[[Leeds United A.F.C.]]|first=Ken|last=Bates|author-link=Ken Bates|date=18 September 2012|page=5}}</ref>

===Oliver Popplewell===
In October 2011, [[Oliver Popplewell|Sir Oliver Popplewell]], who had chaired the public inquiry into the 1985 [[Bradford City stadium fire]] at [[Valley Parade]] that killed 56 people, called on the families of the Hillsborough victims to look at the "quiet dignity and great courage relatives in the West Yorkshire city had shown in the years following the tragedy". He said of the Bradford families: "They did not harbour conspiracy theories. They did not seek endless further inquiries. They buried their dead, comforted the bereaved and succoured the injured. They organised a sensible compensation scheme and moved on. Is there, perhaps, a lesson there for the Hillsborough campaigners?"<ref>{{cite news |title=Hillsborough disaster: Sir Oliver Popplewell outrages campaigners with comments|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/8835870/Hillsborough-disaster-Sir-Oliver-Popplewell-outrages-campaigners-with-comments.html|date=19 October 2011|work=The Telegraph|location=London|access-date=31 October 2012|first=Matthew|last=Holehouse|url-status=live|archive-date=22 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222060907/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/8835870/Hillsborough-disaster-Sir-Oliver-Popplewell-outrages-campaigners-with-comments.html}}</ref>

Popplewell was criticised for the comments, including a rebuke from a survivor of the Bradford fire. Labour MP [[Steve Rotheram]], commented: "How insensitive does somebody have to be to write that load of drivel?"<ref>{{cite news|title=Former judge tells Hillsborough families to drop 'conspiracy theories'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/oct/19/judge-hillsborough-families-conspiracy-theories|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=19 October 2011 |agency=Press Association|access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref>

===David Crompton===

In 2013, a formal complaint was made against David Crompton, South Yorkshire's chief constable, over internal emails relating to the Hillsborough disaster. On 8 September 2012, just four days before the Hillsborough Independent Panel Report was published, Crompton had emailed the force's assistant chief constable Andy Holt and head of media Mark Thompson. In the email, which came to light as the result of a [[Freedom of Information Act 2000|Freedom of Information]] request, Crompton had said that the families' "version of certain events has become 'the truth' even though it isn't". South Yorkshire's police and crime commissioner Shaun Wright appointed chief constable Simon Parr of [[Cambridgeshire Constabulary]] to head an investigation into the matter. Wright said: "The request has been submitted by a firm of solicitors in Liverpool acting on behalf of a number of individuals affected by the event."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-22910241 |work=BBC News |title=Hillsborough disaster: Probe into South Yorkshire police email |date=14 June 2013}}</ref>

In March 2016, Crompton announced that he would retire in November. On 26 April 2016, after the inquest jury delivered a verdict affirming all the charges against the police, Crompton "unequivocally accepted" the verdicts, including unlawful killing, said that the police operation at the stadium on the day of the disaster had been "catastrophically wrong", and apologised unreservedly.<ref name=BBC36128693 /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Joe|title=Hillsborough verdict finds Liverpool fans unlawfully killed, fans blameless and shocking police failures|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/hillsborough-verdict-finds-liverpool-fans-11243132|work=Liverpool Echo|access-date=15 April 2022|date=26 April 2016|quote=The jury at the inquests today delivered a set of damning verdicts placing the responsibility for the disaster directly in the hands of the police, ambulance service and structural engineers who worked on the Leppings Lane end. The nine members of the jury panel also declared that fans played no role in the events that caused the crush on the terraces.}}</ref> Following continued criticism of Crompton in the wake of the unlawful killing verdict, [[South Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner]] [[Alan Billings]] suspended Crompton from duty on 27 April 2016.<ref name=BBC36154201>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-36154201 |title=South Yorkshire Police chief suspended over Hillsborough |work=BBC News |date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

===Civil servant===
{{main|Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts}}
In June 2014, an unnamed 24-year-old British civil servant was sacked for posting offensive comments about the disaster on [[Wikipedia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/jun/17/civil-servant-sacked-wikipedia-edits-hillsborough |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Civil servant sacked for offensive Wikipedia edits on Hillsborough |first=Mark | last=Tran |date=17 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>

===Steven Cohen===
In 2009, nearly twenty years to the day after the disaster, Steven Cohen, a presenter on [[Fox Soccer Channel]] and [[Sirius XM|Sirius]] satellite radio in the United States (an Englishman and Chelsea fan), stated on his radio show that Liverpool fans "without tickets" were the "root cause" and "perpetrators" of the disaster. A boycott of advertisers by American Liverpool fans eventually brought about an apology from him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/q038a-foxs-steven-cohen-on-the-advertiser-boycott-over-his-remarks-on-soccer-stadium-deaths/|title=Q&A: Fox's Steven Cohen on the Advertiser Boycott Over His Remarks on Soccer Stadium Deaths|website=[[CBS News]]|date=24 June 2009|access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2009/05/18/steven-cohen-apologizes-for-inaccurate-hillsborough-claims/|title=Steven Cohen Apologizes For Inaccurate Hillsborough Claims|work=World Soccer Talk|access-date=26 April 2016|date=18 May 2009|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502053127/http://worldsoccertalk.com/2009/05/18/steven-cohen-apologizes-for-inaccurate-hillsborough-claims/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite this he was replaced as presenter of Fox Football Fone-in. His actions were disowned by Chelsea Football Club and he no longer works as a broadcaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2009/04/20/steven-cohen-blames-liverpool-fans-for-hillsborough-disaster/ |title=Steven Cohen Blames Liverpool Fans For Hillsborough Disaster|work=World Soccer Talk|date=20 April 2009 |access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/04/14/flashback-the-hillsborough-disaster-and-the-fall-of-steven-cohen/|title=Flashback: The Hillsborough Disaster and the Fall of Steven Cohen|work=World Soccer Talk|date=14 April 2014|access-date=11 March 2017|archive-date=20 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520155237/http://worldsoccertalk.com/2014/04/14/flashback-the-hillsborough-disaster-and-the-fall-of-steven-cohen/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Bernard Ingham===

In 1996, [[Bernard Ingham|Sir Bernard Ingham]], former press secretary to former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, caused controversy with his comments about the disaster. In a letter addressed to a victim's parent, Ingham wrote that the disaster was caused by "tanked up yobs".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2013/01/17/hillsborough-mum-tells-of-sir-bernard-ingham-s-hurtful-letters-100252-32617713 |title=Hillsborough mum tells of Sir Bernard Ingham's "hurtful" letters |first=David |last=Bartlett |date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 April 2013 |work=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> In another letter written to a Liverpool supporter, also written in 1996, Ingham remarked that people should "shut up about Hillsborough".<ref name=BelfestTelegraphHillsborough>{{cite news|title=Bernard Ingham, who called Liverpool fans 'tanked up yobs', still refuses to apologise to Hillsborough families despite inquest findings|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/uk/bernard-ingham-who-called-liverpool-fans-tanked-up-yobs-still-refuses-to-apologise-to-hillsborough-families-despite-inquest-findings-34661783.html|access-date=27 April 2016|work=The Belfast Telegraph|date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="LiverpoolEchoHillsborough">{{cite news|last1=Bagot|first1=Martin|title=Ingham STILL refuses to say sorry for blaming Liverpool fans over Hillsborough|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bernard-ingham-still-refuses-say-11244412|access-date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=26 April 2016}}</ref> On the day of the inquest verdict, Ingham refused to apologise or respond to the previous comments he made, telling a reporter, "I have nothing to say."<ref name=BelfestTelegraphHillsborough /><ref name="LiverpoolEchoHillsborough" /> There have since been calls to have Ingham stripped of his knighthood.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Belger|first1=Tom|title=Petition to strip Bernard Ingham of his knighthood for blaming fans|url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bernard-ingham-hillsborough-thatcher-blame-11252213|access-date=27 April 2016|work=Liverpool Echo|date=27 April 2016}}</ref>

===Topman===
In March 2018, British clothing retailer [[Topman]] marketed a T-shirt which was interpreted by members of the public, including relatives of Hillsborough victims, as mocking the disaster. The T-shirt was red with white details like a Liverpool shirt, and had the number 96 on the back like a football shirt, with the text "Karma" and "What goes around comes back around", and a white rose, as associated with Yorkshire. Topman stated that the T-shirt was in reference to a [[Bob Marley]] song [[Bob Marley and the Wailers discography#1990s|re-released in 1996]] and apologised and withdrew the item.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Joe|title=Why the people of Liverpool are totally justified in holding Topman to account|url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/people-liverpool-totally-justified-holding-14421408|access-date=16 March 2018|work=Liverpool Echo|date=15 March 2018}}</ref>

==Radio, television and theatre==

===1989: ''After Dark'' (TV discussion programme)===
On 20 May 1989, five weeks after the disaster, [[Channel 4]]'s ''[[After Dark (TV programme)|After Dark]]'' programme broadcast an extended live discussion called "[[After Dark (TV programme)#Hillsborough and "Football – The Final Whistle?"|Football – The Final Whistle?]]". Among the guests were bereaved father James Delaney and his wife Eileen, who said "they didn't give the poor people who were killed any dignity ... I bent down to kiss and talk to [my son] and as we stood up there was a policeman who came from behind me ... trying to usher myself and my husband out ... I had to scream at the police officer to allow us privacy ... the total attitude was, you've identified number 33 so go!"<ref>Quoted in ''Power, Conflict and Criminalisation'', Phil Scraton, 2007</ref>

Further extracts from what Eileen Delaney said on the programme can be found on the Hillsborough Justice Campaign website<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/history/gym.shtm|title=The Immediate Aftermath – 4. The Gymnasium|website=contrast.org|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> and in Phil Scraton's book ''Hillsborough: The Truth''.{{sfn|Scraton|2009|pp=93–94}}

===1994: ''The Cook Report''===
In 1994 [[Roger Cook (journalist)|Roger Cook]] led an investigation into the Hillsborough disaster in Series 9, Episode 3 of [[The Cook Report]] entitled "Kevin's Mum".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cook |first1=Roger |title=Kevin's Mum |url=https://archive.org/details/youtube-KFDM3OoGb5Q |website=archive.org |date=12 January 2022 |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref>

===1996: ''Hillsborough'' (TV drama)===
{{main|Hillsborough (1996 film)}}
A television drama, based on the disaster and subsequent events, titled simply ''Hillsborough'', was produced by [[Granada Television]] in 1996. It won the [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] Award for Best Single Drama in 1997. The cast included [[Christopher Eccleston]], [[Annabelle Apsion]], [[Ricky Tomlinson]] and [[Mark Womack (British actor)|Mark Womack]]. The film was aired for the first time in 1996, and has been shown four times since then: in 1998, in 2009, in September 2012 (shortly after the release of the findings of the Hillsborough Independent Panel), and again on 1 May 2016 on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itv.com/news/granada/update/2016-05-01/1996-hillsborough-drama-repeated-on-itv-tonight-at-10-20pm/|title=Hillsborough Drama Shown Again on ITV Tonight at 10:20 pm|publisher=itv.com|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>

===2009: ''The Reunion'' (Radio discussion programme)===
On the 20th anniversary of the disaster, [[BBC Radio 4]] produced an episode of their series ''The Reunion'' on the subject of Hillsborough. [[Sue MacGregor]] brought together a group of people who were involved in the disaster to talk about the events of that day at a time when they were still in the midst of their fight for justice. The programme was repeated on 1 May 2016, at the end of the week in which the Hillsborough inquest ruled that the 96 Liverpool football fans died unlawfully.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jlxjp |title=The Reunion: Hillsborough |work=BBC Radio 4 |publisher=BBC |format=audio |date=1 May 2016 |access-date=9 January 2022}}</ref>

===2014: ''Hillsborough'' (TV documentary)===
{{main|Hillsborough (2014 film)}}
The American sports network [[ESPN]] produced the documentary ''Hillsborough'' as part of its ''[[30 for 30]]'' series of sports films (under a new "Soccer Stories" subdivision). Directed by [[Daniel Gordon (film director)|Daniel Gordon]] and co-produced with the BBC, the two-hour film chronicles the disaster, the investigations, and their lingering effects; it also includes interviews with survivors, victims' relatives, police officers and investigators. ''Hillsborough'' first aired in the US on 15 April 2014, the 25th anniversary of the disaster.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/30for30/film?page=hillsborough|title=Hillsborough – ESPN Films: 30 for 30|website=ESPN|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/15/arts/television/30-for-30-soccer-stories-on-espn-revisits-hillsborough.html|title=When a game turned into a disaster|work=The New York Times|date= 14 April 2014|access-date=15 April 2014}}</ref>

As the documentary included previously unreleased [[security camera]] footage from the stadium on the day of the disaster, it could not be shown in the UK upon initial release due to the 2012 High Court inquest still being in progress.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awfulannouncing.com/2014/espns-hillsborough-documentary-cant-be-aired-in-the-united-kingdom-thanks-to-british-laws.html|title=ESPN's Hillsborough documentary can't be aired in the United Kingdom thanks to British laws|last=Buchholz|first=Andrew|date=15 April 2014|website=awfulannouncing.com|access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> After the inquest verdict, the BBC aired the documentary on 8 May 2016, with additional footage from the inquest, as well as its final verdict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2016/19/hillsborough|title=Hillsborough – Media Centre|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

=== 2022: ''Anne'' (TV drama) ===
''[[Anne (British TV series)|Anne]]'' is a four-part [[docudrama]] about [[Anne Williams (activist)|Anne Williams']] campaign to reveal the truth about her son's death, which aired on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] in January 2022. Williams was portrayed by [[Maxine Peake]], whose performance was described in ''[[The Guardian]]'' as "almost unwatchably intense".<ref name="Seale">{{cite news |last1=Seale |first1=Jack |title=Anne review – Maxine Peake exudes raw horror in extraordinary Hillsborough drama |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/jan/02/anne-review-maxine-peake-exudes-raw-horror-in-extraordinary-hillsborough-drama |access-date=3 January 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=2 January 2022 }}</ref>

===Stage plays===
Two British stage plays also dealt with the disaster with different view points:
* [[Jonathan Harvey (playwright)|Jonathan Harvey]]'s ''Guiding Star'' showed a father coming to terms with what had happened some years later.
* [[Lance Nielsen]] wrote ''Waiting for Hillsborough'' about two Liverpool families waiting for news of their missing loved ones on the day, which leads to discussion of football safety and the culture of blame.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londonscreenwritersfestival.com/speakers/lance-nielsen|title=Speakers – Lance Nielsen |work=[[London Screenwriters' Festival]]|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref> Nielsen's play won him an award at the 1999 Liverpool Arts and Entertainment awards and was highly praised by the Liverpool press.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland by death toll]]
* [[Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster]] – a 2022 disaster in Indonesia involving tear gas being used against supporters
* [[Karaiskakis Stadium disaster]] – a 1981 stadium disaster in Greece

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Cited works ===
* {{cite report|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229038/0581.pdf |title=Hillsborough: The Report of the Hillsborough Independent Panel |author=Hillsborough Independent Panel |publication-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=The Stationery Office |location=London |ID=HC581 |website=assets.publishing.service.gov.uk |isbn=9780102980356 |ref={{sfnref|HIP report|2012}}}}
* {{cite book |title=No Last Rights: The Denial of Justice and the Promotion of Myth in the Aftermath of the Hillsborough Disaster |first1=Phil |last1=Scraton |first2=Ann |last2=Jemphrey |first3=Sheila |last3=Coleman |isbn=978-0-904517-30-9 |publisher=Liverpool City Council |year=1995 |ref={{sfnref|Scraton et al|1995}}}}
* {{anchor|Taylor1989}}{{cite report|title=The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989: Inquiry by the Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Taylor, Interim Report (Cm 765) |url=http://www.southyorks.police.uk/sites/default/files/Taylor%20Interim%20Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913180240/http://www.southyorks.police.uk/sites/default/files/Taylor%20Interim%20Report.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2012 |url-status=dead |last=Taylor |first=Peter |publisher=The Stationery Office Books |type=[[Command paper]] |location=London |date=August 1989 |isbn=0-10-107652-5}}
* {{anchor|Taylor1990}}{{cite report|title=The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989: Inquiry by the Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Taylor, Final Report (Cm 962) |url=https://www.jesip.org.uk/uploads/media/incident_reports_and_inquiries/Hillsborough%20Stadium%20Disaster%20final%20report.pdf |last=Taylor |first=Peter |publisher=The Stationery Office Books |type=[[Command paper]] |location=London |date=January 1990 |isbn=0-10-109622-4}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Armstrong |first=Gary |title=Football Hooligans: Knowing the Score |publisher=Berg Publishers |orig-year=1998 |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85973-957-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Bartram |first=Mike |year=2009 |title=Justice Call: My Hillsborough Poems |isbn=978-1-906823-28-3 |publisher=Countyvise Ltd}}
* {{cite book |last=Bartram |first=Mike |year=2011 |title=The Nightmare of Hillsborough |isbn=978-1-906823-49-8 |publisher=Countyvise Ltd |others=Foreword by Rachel King}}
* Home Office; ''Scrutiny of Evidence Relating to the Hillsborough Football Stadium Disaster'' (Command Paper); {{ISBN|0-10-138782-2}}
* [[Owen Luder]] (Ed.), Sports Stadia After Hillsborough: Seminar Papers; [[RIBA]], [[Sports Council]]; {{ISBN|0-947877-72-X}}
* {{cite book |author=Joint Working Party on Ground Safety and Public Order |year=1991 |title=Ground safety and public order: Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, report of Joint Working Party on Ground Safety and Public Order (Report/Joint Executive on Football Safety) |isbn=0-901783-73-0}}
* {{cite book |title=Words of tribute: An anthology of 95 poems written after the Hillsborough tragedy, 15 April 1989 |isbn=1-871474-18-3 |year=1989 |publisher=Liverpool University Community Resource Unit}}
* {{cite book |title=The Hillsborough Football Disaster: Context & Consequences |isbn=978-0-9562275-0-8 |last1=McMillan |first1=Nicola |last2=Sharman |first2=Jim |year=2009 |publisher=Em-Project Limited}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Nicholson |first1=C. E. |last2=Roebuck |first2=B. |title=The investigation of the Hillsborough Disaster by the Health and Safety Executive |journal=Safety Science |volume=18 |issue=4 |date=February 1995 |pages=249–259 |doi=10.1016/0925-7535(94)00034-Z |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/092575359400034Z|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |chapter=Death on the Terraces: The Contexts and Injustices of the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster |first=Phil |last=Scraton |editor1-first=Paul |editor1-last=Darby |editor2-first=Martin |editor2-last=Johnes |editor3-first=Gavin |editor3-last=Mellor |title=Soccer and Disaster: International Perspectives |series=Sport in the Global Society |isbn=0-7146-8289-6 |year=2005}}
* {{cite book |title=Hillsborough: The Truth |first=Phil |last=Scraton |author-link=Phil Scraton |isbn=978-1-84596-495-5 |year=2009 |orig-year=1999 |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |location=Edinburgh}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Smith |editor-first=R. A. |editor-last2=Dickie |editor-first2=J. F. |title=Engineering for Crowd Safety |year=1993 |publisher=Elsevier Science |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-0-44-489920-0}}
* {{cite book |title=The Day of the Hillsborough Disaster: A Narrative Account |first1=Rogan |last1=Taylor |first2=Andrew |last2=Ward |first3=Tim |last3=Newburn |author-link3=Tim Newburn |publisher=Liverpool University Press |isbn=978-0-853-23199-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/dayofhillsboroug00unse |year=1995}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Hillsborough disaster}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120913180228/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/ Hillsborough Independent Panel] (includes digital archives of material used for the panel's inquiry)
* [http://www.hfsg.co.uk Hillsborough Family Support Group (HFSG)]
* [http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/ Hillsborough Justice Campaign (HJC)] – contrast.org
* [http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/lfc_story/memorial/ Liverpool Football Club Hillsborough Memorial]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091019103207/http://geocities.com/hillsboroughresearch/ Transcript of ''The Sun'' newspaper coverage of the Hillsborough disaster.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131030040548/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/libraries/archives-and-local-studies/research-guides/hillsborough-disaster.html List of archive and library material relating to the disaster held at Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131030040548/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/libraries/archives-and-local-studies/research-guides/hillsborough-disaster.html Bibliography of over 150 books, journal articles, TV programmes and websites relating to the Disaster and its aftermath produced by Sheffield City Council's Archives Service.]
* [http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/history/full.asf A 20-minute video of the disaster in Windows Media Player format.]
* [http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/report/HIP_report.pdf September 2012 Hillsborough disaster report (7.25 megabytes)] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120920015310/http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/repository/report/HIP_report.pdf Archive])

{{Human crushes}}
{{Liverpool F.C.}}
{{Nottingham Forest F.C.}}
{{Portal bar|Yorkshire|English football|1980s}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hillsborough Disaster}}
[[Category:Hillsborough disaster| ]]
[[Category:1980s in Sheffield]]
[[Category:1988–89 in English football]]
[[Category:1989 disasters in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1989 in England]]
[[Category:2016 in British law]]
[[Category:2021 in British law]]
[[Category:April 1989 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Association football controversies]]
[[Category:Corruption in England]]
[[Category:Cover-ups]]
[[Category:Criminal trials that ended in acquittal]]
[[Category:Crowd collapses and crushes in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Disasters in Yorkshire]]
[[Category:FA Cup matches]]
[[Category:History of football in England]]
[[Category:History of Liverpool]]
[[Category:History of Sheffield]]
[[Category:Human stampedes in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Liverpool F.C.]]
[[Category:Nottingham Forest F.C.]]
[[Category:Police misconduct in England]]
[[Category:Sport in Sheffield]]
[[Category:Sports scandals in England]]
[[Category:Crowd collapses and crushes in stadiums]]