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Barika (caste)

2025-06-03T11:19:47Z

The coderXE: Unsourced claim

{{Short description|Bariko caste of Odisha, India}}
The '''Bariko''' or '''Bhandari''' (also known as '''Baja, [[Nai (caste)|Nai]], Napita''' in different area) is an [[Indian caste system|Indian caste]] found from Odisi [[Odisha State|State]]<ref name="SinghIndia1998">{{cite book|author1=K. S. Singh|author2=Anthropological Survey of India|title=India's Communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=barika+or+bhandari|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2}}</ref> in India. Traditionally they are [[barber]]s by profession. Their service is indispensable on the occasion of marriage, birth and death. They are also required for carrying luggage bags of bride and groom in [[Hindu wedding]]s.
==Social status==
The Barika (Bhandaris) are included in [[Other Backward Classes]] in Odisha.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLs9KFQF7Vtb%2fnFssWGD%2fStdd0AoHuDmMlE1cjWi2dtJRwAnui0pITyJ |title=Central List of Other Backward Castes (OBCs): Odisha}}</ref>
==References==
{{Ref list}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Indian castes by profession]]

Samantray

2025-06-01T15:07:24Z

The coderXE:

'''Samantaray''' ({{langx|or|ସାମନ୍ତରାୟ/ସାନ୍ତରା}}) is a title used by people belonging to the [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] caste<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esAZAAAAYAAJ&q=samantaraya+karana |title=Indian Archives |date=1987 |publisher=National Archives of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN7FDwAAQBAJ&dq=deula+karana&pg=PT307 |title=Bonding with the Lord: Jagannath, Popular Culture and Community Formation |date=2019-11-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-88414-53-1 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] caste in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das. |first=Harish Chandra |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/641482202 |title=Resources and responses in two Orissan villages. |date=1979 |page=45 |oclc=641482202}}</ref> It is also used by [[Utkala Brahmin|Utkala Brahmins]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7hEDwAAQBAJ&dq=samantray+brahmin&pg=PA24 |title=Bliss: December 2017 |date=2017-12-28 |publisher=Anurag Nath |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable People==
*[[Biplab Samantray]] (born 1988), Indian cricketer.
*[[Elina Samantray]], Indian actress.
*[[Debasish Samantray]] (born 1996), Indian cricketer
*[[Yudhistir Samantray]] (1953-2023), Indian politician.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Surnames]]

Routray

2025-06-01T15:05:53Z

The coderXE: Reverting Vandalism

'''Routray/Rautara''' ({{langx|or|ରାଉତରାୟ}}) is a surname found in [[Odisha]] used mainly by [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] and [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] Caste, Deula Karana servitors of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] belonging to [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] community mainly use titles like "[[Samantray]]", "Rautray", "Mangaraj" etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=deula+ |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref> Deula Karana attendents of Karan caste were the Chief Temple Superintendents of Jagannath Temple, Puri during the [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] rule of [[Khordha]] under the Bhoi kings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Panda |first=Shishir Kumar |date=2008 |title=Gajapati Kingship and the Cult of Jagannatha: A Study on the Chhamu Chitaus (royal Letters) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147183 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=69 |pages=225–229 |jstor=44147183 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

== Notable People ==
* [[Madhab Chandra Routray]], Indian leader who led a revolt against the British East India Company
* [[Bijayshree Routray]], Indian politician
* [[Nilamani Routray]], Indian politician
* [[Sachidananda Routray]], Indian Odia-language literary figure
* [[Samaresh Routray]], Indian film actor, producer and television personality
* [[Supriya Routray]], Indian footballer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}

Behera (title)

2025-05-09T06:31:10Z

The coderXE: Pov pushing

{{Short description|Honorific title in Indian state Odisha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} The '''behera''' ({{langx|or|ବେହେରା}}) is a popular [[Odia people|Odia]] [[Indian honorifics|title]], Anciently, '''Dala-Behera''' was an honorific title reserved for the leader of a group of soldiers.

== As a title ==
The Behera is a popular [[Odia people|Odia]] title found in people from various communities.The Behera surname mostly used by [[Khandayat|Khandayats]], [[Chasa (caste)|Chasas]], [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]]s,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Senapati |first1=Fakir Mohan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcZjAAAAMAAJ&q=Behera+milkman |title=Uncle |last2=Acharya |first2=Krishna Mohan |date=1997 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7586-018-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tripathy |first=Shyam Sunder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXbYAAAAMAAJ&q=gopala+surnames+behera |title=Buddhism and Other Religious Cults of South-east India |date=1988 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85067-15-5 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kewat|Keutas]], [[Bania (caste)|Banias]], [[Bauri (caste)|Bauris]] of Odisha who were chief of their caste council and responsible for making law and keep order in their caste used the title of Behera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNQwwbwUsC4C&q=behera+khandayat |title=People of India: Odisha (2 pts.) |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7046-294-1 |language=en}}</ref>
*Royal writers of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] belonging to [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] community bear the title "Behera".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref>
*The Behera surname is predominantly associated with the [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] community of [[Odisha]].
*[[Devanga]]s of [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] district who are weaver by profession also use the title of Behera because king of Ganjam offered the title of Behera to Devangs for their weaving skills.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=Behera+title&pg=PA154 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Brahmin]]s of [[Sambalpur]] and [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] in Odisha also use the title of Behera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frodsham |first=J. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctJaBAAAQBAJ&dq=behera+brahmin&pg=PT255 |title=Fool's Mate |date=2014-08-20 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4969-8710-5 |language=de}}</ref>
*[[Bauri (caste)|Bauri]]s of Bengal and Odisha also use the title of Behera who are traditional Barber to Bauri caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=Behera+surname&pg=PA93 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable People ==
* [[Bhagabat Behera]], Former Cabinet Minister (O.L.A)
* [[Bhubaneswar Behera]], Indian Scholar.
* [[Chakradhar Behera]], Freedom Fighter & Politician.
* [[Daitari Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Deepak Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Dharmananda Behera]], Indian Politician
* [[Digambar Behera]], Indian Physician.
* [[Jayanta Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Jayanti Behera]], Indian Sprinter.
* [[Lokanath Behera]], D.G.P of Kerala state Police.
* [[Madhusmita Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Mandakini Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Nandita Behera]], Indian odissi Dancer.
* [[Natraj Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Niranjan Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Prasanta Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Ritwik Behera]], [[Americans|American]] cricketer
* [[Shashi Bhusan Behera]], Indian Politician

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Behera, Behere}}

[[Category:Odia people]]

Sahoo

2025-05-05T12:26:05Z

The coderXE: Reverting vandalism , removing POV pushing contents

{{wiktionary|Sahoo}}
'''Sahoo''' is an Indian surname found predominantly in [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Jharkhand]]. This surname is mainly used by [[Gudia (caste)|Gudia]] and [[Tili (caste)|Teli]] community.

== Notable People ==
*[[Ainthu Sahoo]] (1928 - 2013), Indian politician
*[[Alok Chandra Sahoo]] (born 1989), Indian cricketer
*[[Anwesh Sahoo]] (born 1995), Indian blogger
*[[Batakrushna Sahoo]], Indian farmer
*[[Kanak Manjari Sahoo]] (born 1957), Indian short story writer
*[[Mahesh Sahoo]], Indian politician
*[[Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo]] (1926 - 2016), Indian short story writer
*[[Sarojini Sahoo]] (born 1956), Indian feminist writer
*[[Subhrajit Sahoo]] (born 1988), Indian cricketer
*[[Subrat Sahoo]] (born 1968), Indian politician
*[[Sudarshan Sahoo]] (born 1939), Indian sculptor
*[[Tukuna Sahoo]] (born 1987), Indian cricketer
{{surname}}
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

Behera (title)

2025-05-01T07:03:55Z

The coderXE:

Karan (caste)

2025-04-30T18:27:36Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Social community of Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{For|the same surname and title|Karanam}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name = Karan
|native_name = କରଣ
|subdivisions = Karan, Karan Vaishnav
|populated_states = [[Odisha]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]]
|languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|status = [[Forward caste]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajasekhar |first1=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0mOAAAAMAAJ&q=karana+caste+ |title=Affirmative Action and Political Participation: Elected Representatives in the Panchayats of Orissa |last2=Patnaik |first2=Pratyusna |last3=Manjula |first3=R. |date=2005 |publisher=Institute for Social and Economic Change |isbn=978-81-7791-122-0 |language=en}}</ref>
|related = [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmin]]
}}
The '''Karan or Karana''' is a community found in the state of [[Odisha]] in [[India]].<ref name="Pati2008">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Pati|title=Family Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|pages=116–}}</ref> The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004">{{Cite journal |last=Raut |first=L.N. |date=2004 |title=Jati Formation in Early Medieval Orissa: Reflection on Karana (Kayastha Caste) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144743 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=65|pages=304–308 |jstor=44144743 }}</ref> They held [[Karanam]] posts in some parts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], where they speak [[Odia language|Odia]] and played a similar role in Odisha to that of the [[Kayastha]]s of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="Rao1990">{{cite book|author=M. Kodanda Rao|title=Cultural and Structural Dimensions of Family: A Study of Jalari Fishermen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKhxpLqX9bsC&pg=PA34|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-270-5|pages=34–}}</ref> In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to [[Brahmin]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=karan+rank+next+to+brahmin&pg=PA116 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patra |first=Patitapaban |date=December 1994 |title=Archeological remains of Dhenkanal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/118750 |journal=Utkal University, Department of History |volume=V |pages=205–206|hdl=10603/118750 }}</ref> They exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governors, military commanders, [[record keeper]]s and [[dewan]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Pramod Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GzaAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana |title=Colonialism and South Asia: Cuttack, 1803-1947 |date=2007 |publisher=R.N. Bhattacharya |isbn=978-81-87661-52-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Ramesh P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl66OPnClpoC&pg=PA40 |title=Culture, Gender and Gender Discrimination: Caste Hindu and Tribal |last2=Biswal |first2=Durgesh Nandini |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-199-1 |page=40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceDuDwAAQBAJ&dq=srikarana&pg=PA375 |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4103-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Sri+Karana++Mahasenapati |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref> They owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Sadasiba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_UeAAAAMAAJ&q=athgarh+state+srikaran |title=Agrarian and Political Movements: States of Orissa, 1931 to 1949 |date=1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0038-3 |language=en}}</ref> They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Joanna Gottfried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22wCxbKAdmkC&dq=The+Two-headed+Deer%3A+Illustrations+of+the+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+in+Orissa&pg=PA90 |title=The Two-headed Deer: Illustrations of the Rāmāyaṇa in Orissa |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08065-2 |language=en}}</ref> Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for 50 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Origin==
===Divisions===
Karanas in Odisha are divided into various divisions, out of these divisions [[Kshatriya]] Karanas are considered superior to other divisions of Karanas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana%20caste |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref> They are classified as Vratyas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prinsep |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q_gAAAAMAAJ&dq=ray+karan+caste&pg=RA2-PA34 |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |date=1905 |publisher=Bishop's College Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas used to observe rituals like [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] and [[Upanayana]] in their community.<ref name=bd>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Biswarup |date=1980 |title=Kayasthas and Karanas in Orissa—A Study on Inscriptions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141924 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=41 |pages=940–944 |jstor=44141924 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

===Medieval Period===
The frequent admission of land grants to princes, [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] and various officials gave rise to a new new class of writers. However the Karanas crystallized into a distinct caste only in the 10th or 11th century AD owning to social mobility. Any mention of the term prior to that period simply denotes its functional aspect rather than a caste affiliation.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004"/>

==Social status==
'''Medieval Period'''

Karanas along with [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] feature in the 10th century inscriptions of [[Odisha]] and are represented as heads of the local population. Such depiction denotes their high social rank.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Brahmana+Karana+-+Puroga+-+nivasi |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref> Karanas enjoyed high status in medieval period and [[Marriage|married]] within the royal households. An example of this can be found in the Arasavali copper plate of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] monarch Vajrahasta III.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004" /> They occupied high positions under the feudatory kings of Odisha, most of them were appointed as [[Dewan]]s in the princely states of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF4KAQAAIAAJ&q=held+high |title=Orissa District Gazetteers |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas find mention in [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhauma-Kara]] records and are represented as Sadhyadhikarana or Chief Judicial Officer of a district. Similarly Srikarana featured in the temple inscription is said to have been the accountant general of [[Anangabhima Deva III]] of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. A Kosthakarana was a top administrative officer of Narsimha Deva 4 of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]]. Terms like Deula Karana represented the rank of Temple administrator. Samanta Karanas were the aristrocratic families of Karanas from Odisha, the word Samanta was also used by the kings of Odisha, thus it can be said Karanas were associated with the royal families of [[Odisha]].<ref name=bd/> The head of a Karana family was known as Samanta while his wife was known as Samantani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUvRAAAAMAAJ&q=head+of+a+karan+family+samanta |title=History of Orissa in the 19th Century |date=1964 |publisher=Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Some Karanas also received land grants and held feudatory status in medieval Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Shishir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC1uAAAAMAAJ&q=karanas+received+land+grants |title=New Perspectives on the History and Culture of Orissa |date=2000 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-23-3 |language=en}}</ref> They appear to be an important community in [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] as they held high positions in the government such as the post of army general, prime minister and accountant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Dr Manas Kumar |date=May 7, 2022 |title=DDCE, Utkal |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204044741/http://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=ddceutkal.ac.in }}</ref> Karanas were associated with the administration of the ruling dynasties of Odisha, a general named Srikarana Mahananda Senapati of the Karan caste was the army general and governor of Anangabhima 3 of Eastern Ganga dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Biswarup |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfYdAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana+caste |title=Orissa: Social, Cultural, and Religious Aspects |date=1985 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> Srikarana Mahananda Senapati was the Senadhyakshawara of the Kingdom or Commander in chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parida |first=Asok Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jluAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+mahananda+senapati |title=Aspects of Socio-cultural Life in Early and Medieval Orissa |date=1996 |publisher=DSA Programme, Post Graduate Department of History, Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Another official named Srikarana Pattanaik Viswanatha Mahasenapati was the army general and governor of Narsimha Deva 4 of Eastern Ganga Dynasty, he governed four Dandapatas or Rajyas of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]], he was also the Puro Srikarana of the Kingdom or Prime Minister.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Another general named Srikarana Suru Senapati under the reign of Anangabhima Dev 2 is said to have donated lands to the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple of Puri]] as evidenced from inscriptions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=S. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iY8MAQAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+senapati |title=Virajā, the Capital of Ancient Orissa |date=2007 |publisher=Pratibha Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7702-148-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ramananda Ray]] was the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]], he was also a minister of [[Prataparudra Deva|Gajapati Prataparudra Deva]], [[Ramananda Ray]]a belonged to Karan community. The founder of [[Athgarh State]] was Raja SriKaran Niladri Bhagirath Barman Patnaik. He was the minister of the Raja of Puri, who conferred on him the title of Raja and gave him Athgarh for his service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>

'''Modern Period'''

In British colonial era, Karanas owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha and were extremely rich.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Bishnupada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuLZAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+zamindar |title=Some Aspects of Socio-economic Changes in South Western Frontier Bengal Since Introduction of Neo-Vaiṣṇavism |date=1996 |publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7102-049-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+zamindar+extremely+rich |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/189767/11/11_chapter%25204.pdf |title=sg.inflibnet.ac.in |format= }}</ref> They also received large amounts of land grants in Khurda administration of [[Khurda kingdom|Khurda]] Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanabe |first=Akio |date= 2020|title=Genealogies of the "Paika Rebellion": Heterogeneities and Linkages |journal=International Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S1479591420000157 |issn=1479-5914|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In recent post-Independence era India, they have also played a dominant role in politics. Such is their prominence in politics that many members from the Karan community have been elected as the [[Chief Ministers of Odisha]], hence they are also dubbed as the political caste of Odisha.<ref name="VermaSingh2020">{{cite book|author1=Pramit Verma|author2=Pardeep Singh|title=Urban Ecology: Emerging Patterns and Social-Ecological Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7vbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|date=14 July 2020|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-820731-4|pages=83–}}</ref>

== Society and culture ==
'''Role in temple administration'''

Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana sub divisions of Karanas are the key servitors in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] of Puri. They along with other key servitors manage the administration of temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Servitors firm on Sri Jagannath temple lock |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/oct/13/servitors-firm-on-sri-jagannath-temple-lock-2209588.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 October 2020 }}</ref> Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana servitors are also the representatives of the Raja of Puri and assist him in performing the temple rituals associated with Lord Jagannath.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-16 |title=Transfer of 'soul' during Nabakalebara {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/transfer-of-soul-during-nabakalebara/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable people==

=== Chief Ministers ===
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and freedom fighter.<ref name="Rediff.com 2000">{{cite web | title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa | website=Rediff.com | date=2000-02-14 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm | access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref>
* [[Biren Mitra]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]].<ref>"Rediff.com 2000"</ref>
* [[Biju Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], freedom fighter, industrialist and pilot.<ref name="toi_patnaik">{{cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and former [[Governor of Assam]].<ref name="toi_patnaik" />
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and second longest serving Chief Minister of any Indian state.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Freedom Fighters & Social Reformers ===
* [[Madhusudan Das|Utkala Gouraba Madhusudan Das]]; Indian Lawyer, industrialist, social reformer, founder of [[Utkal Sammilani]] and prominent figure for creation of [[Orissa Province]] (present-day [[Odisha]], India).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Hiranya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV8uEAAAQBAJ&dq=madhusudan+das+karan+caste&pg=PT168 |title=Odisha of My Times: English Translation of "Mo Samayara Odisha" by Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |date=2021-05-14 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63850-732-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhuri|Gopabandhu Choudhury]]; deputy magistrate in British Government, Indian activist, social worker and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=Choudhury++Karana |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]]; freedom fighter, social reformer and [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner.
* [[Annapurna Maharana|Annapurna Choudhury]]; women's rights activist and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-03 |title=Annapurna Maharana cremated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Annapurna-Maharana-cremated/articleshow/17870114.cms |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Prabhat Kumar |date=October 2022 |title=Annapurna Maharana : a philanthropist |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2022/October/engpdf/203-204.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=2}}</ref>
* [[Braja Sundar Das]]; Zamindar of Tisania estate, freedom fighter, politician, poet and social reformer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ସଂ. |url=https://archive.org/details/jajapurara-dui-amlana-pratibha-bichitra-nanda-o-braja-sundar-1997 |title=ଯାଜପୁରର ଦୁଇ ଅମ୍ଳାନ ପ୍ରତିଭା – ବିଚିତ୍ରା ନନ୍ଦ ଓ ବ୍ରଜ ସୁନ୍ଦର |date=1997 |language=Or}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi]]; Independence activist, feminist, social activist, writer and first Odia woman to join the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Non-cooperation movement]] also the first woman to be elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=karana |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopala Ballabha Das]]; writer, social reformer, deputy magistrate in British Government, assistant of Odisha commissioner during British rule and superintendent of all [[Princely state]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=Gopala+Ballabha |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jagabandhu Patnaik]]; [[Dewan]] of [[Porahat]] and the first martyr from [[Odisha]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahu |first=N. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcQtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jagabandhu+patnaik |title=Veer Surendra Sai |date=1985 |publisher=Department of Culture, Government of Orissa |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhagirathi Mahapatra]]; Indian lawyer, politician, founding member and first secretary of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee|Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=bhagirathi+mohapatra+karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nityanand Kanungo]]; social activist, former [[Governor of Bihar]] and [[Governor of Gujarat|Gujarat]], former union minister in [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Binod Kanungo]]; freedom fighter, [[Odisha Sahitya Academi Award|Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner and educator.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nilamani Senapati |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3044 |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Karaput |last2=Nabin Kumar Sahu |date=1966 |publisher=Cuttack, Superintendent Orissa Government Press}}</ref>
* [[Biswanath Pattnaik]]; social reformer and [[Bhoodan movement]] leader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barua |first=Ananya |date=2019-06-05 |title=Koraputia Gandhi: The Forgotten Legend Who Served Odisha's Tribals for 77 Years |url=https://thebetterindia.com/185187/koraputia-gandhi-odisha-biswanath-pattnaik/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sarangadhar Das]]; Indian nationalist revolutionary, member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]] for framing newly independent India's [[Constitution of India|constitution]].

=== Vaishnav Saints ===
* [[Achyutananda Dasa]]; 16th-century poet seer and Vaishnava saint.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA83 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ananta Dasa]]; Odia poet, mystic and one of the chief saint of Utkaliya [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=ananta+dasa+karana&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Balarama Dasa]]; 15th-century poet seer, litterateur, writer of [[Jagamohana Ramayana]] and [[Lakshmi Purana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI4eAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva |date=1984 |publisher=Panchashila |language=en}}</ref>

=== Historical Figures ===
* [[Bisara Mohanty]]; historical figure of Jagannath culture who rescued Daru Brahma (soul stuff) of Lord Jagannath from the river Ganga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Gopinath |date=July 2020 |title=Bisara Mohanty, An Ardent Devotee ISSN 0970-8669 |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2020/Jun-Jul/engpdf/20-30.pdf |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIzXAAAAMAAJ&q=bisar+mohanty |title=Jagannath Revisited: Studying Society, Religion, and the State in Orissa |last2=Schnepel |first2=Burkhard |date=2001 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-386-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramananda Ray]]; author of Jagannath Vallabha Natakam and the Governor of [[Gajapati Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhavi Pattanayak]]; 16th-century poet and disciple of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&dq=Madhavi+Dasi&pg=PA32 |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Art & Literature ===
* [[Brajanath Badajena]]; Odia poet and descendant of 16th-century poet Raghu Arakhita.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eBtAAAAMAAJ&q=Brajanath+badajena+Karan |title=Proceedings |date=1976 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Dasa]]; Odia [[Bhakti movement|bhakti-poet]] and composer of [[Odissi music]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Janaki Ballabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&q=Karan |title=Banamali Das |date=1993 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-449-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Birakishore Das|Jatiya Kabi Birakishore Das]]; National poet, social activist, politician and the editor of "Mo Desha" .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahanti |first=Jagannatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zepjAAAAMAAJ&q=Birakishore+das |title=Children's Literature of Orissa |date=1993 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka]]; Odia poet and composer of [[Odissi music]].
* [[Radhanath Ray]]; poet, novelist, essayist, educationist, cultural relativist, orator and song writer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopinath Mohanty |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.220244/2015.220244.Radhanath-Ray_djvu.txt |title=Radhanath Ray |date=1983}}</ref>
* [[Gourishankar Ray]]; writer and a prominent figure amongst the makers of [[Odisha|Modern Odisha]].
* [[Artaballabha Mohanty]]; writer, literary critique and the publisher of only available print record of [[Madala Panji]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-06 |title=Some Great Odiya Personalities |url=http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |access-date=2024-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306153914/http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |archive-date=2014-03-06 }}</ref>
* [[Kalicharan Pattnaik]]; eminent literary and artistic figure of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharitri E-Paper |url=https://www.dharitri.com/e-Paper/Bhubaneswar/231217/p6.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.dharitri.com}}</ref>
* [[Annada Shankar Ray]]; Indian poet and essayist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় – |url=https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133459/https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |archive-date=2020-05-11 }}</ref>
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-20 |title=Gopinath Mohanty Memorial Lecture today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/apr/20/gopinath-mohanty-memorial-lecture-today-1966706.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> novelist, winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].
* [[Surendra Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Sambad: 24 and counting |url=https://orissamatters.com/2007/10/04/sambad/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Orissa Matters |language=en-US}}</ref> author, politician and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.

=== Education & Research ===
* [[Prana Krushna Parija]]; Indian botanist, scientist, politician, winner of [[Padma Bhushan]] and Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-19 |title=New Page |url=http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119004950/http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |archive-date=2012-11-19 }}</ref>
* [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]]; educator, public intellectual and ex-principal of Ranchi University (now [[Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University]]), vice Chancellor of [[Utkal University]], an advisor to [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra of Nepal]] and played a key role in establishing [[Kathmandu|Kathmandu's]] [[Tribhuvan University]] also helped to setup [[Nagaland University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Das, Bidhu Bhusan, 1922- - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89267884.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=id.loc.gov}}</ref>
* [[Prabhat Nalini Das]]; public intellectual, first dean/director of Humanities division at [[IIT Kanpur]], vice chancellor of [[North-Eastern Hill University]] also served as a professor of English and head of the English department at several prestigious institutions including [[Delhi University]], [[Ranchi University]], [[Lady Shri Ram College]] and [[Utkal University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashutosh Sheshabalaya on Global Reach |date=May 9, 2013 |url=https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The VoiceAmerica Talk |language=en |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219101712/https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Madhu Sudan Kanungo]]; renowned Indian scientist in the fields of neuroscience and gerontology. He is best known for his Gene Expression Theory of Aging, also founder-director of Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, chancellor of [[Nagaland University]] and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-16 |title=Noted scholar M S Kanungo passes away |work=The Times of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205554/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |archive-date=2012-09-16}}</ref>
* [[Jitendra Nath Mohanty]] ; Indian philosopher, served as an Emeritus professor of Philosophy in [[Temple University|Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some Memories of My Teacher, J.N. Mohanty – The Indian Philosophy Blog |url=https://indianphilosophyblog.org/2023/03/20/some-memories-of-my-teacher-j-n-mohanty/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=indianphilosophyblog.org}}</ref>
* [[Nikhil Mohan Pattnaik]]; Indian scholar, scientist and founder of Srujanika, a science education and research non profit organization situated in Bhubaneswar'''''.'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-03 |title=The digital book binder - The New Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |access-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903203527/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |archive-date=2013-09-03 }}</ref>

=== Jurists ===
* [[Ananga Kumar Patnaik]]; former justice of [[Supreme Court of India]], former chief justice of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] and [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-18 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Patnaik |url=http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818021930/http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |archive-date=2013-08-18 }}</ref>
* [[Gopal Ballav Pattanaik]]; 32nd [[Chief Justice of India]] and former [[Chief Justice of Patna High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-11-08 |title=G B Pattanaik takes oath as Chief Justice of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/G-B-Pattanaik-takes-oath-as-Chief-Justice-of-India/articleshow/27669480.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Bira Kishore Ray]]; first [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]] and first [[Advocate general (India)|Advocate general of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହାଇକୋର୍ଟର ପ୍ରଥମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରପତି ବୀର କିଶୋର ରାୟଙ୍କ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧବାର୍ଷିକୀ |url=https://odishasambad.in/remembering-first-chief-justice-of-odisha-highcourt-birakishore-ray-on-his-death-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Odisha Sambad |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sukanta Kishore Ray]]; former [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]] and [[Governor of Odisha|former Governor of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1301877170150935&set=basw.AboNUNr0IBOnV-RUCDm-Qa2FcZhFGUBB2-t4z92shOJHVxw34qeelqveLfBYs-pcWGVogrirYAp9HyCfiZ854A91w_aMNgNZg33czIiwwcKcu9sM5Rjocquzl_dp-x0agHOHSa2k9RiVJDmVqBt-7uoUD99n9Zqlkm_6hlqUtoHWrke7Ynjtwc1Xz_Z3G7ni1n5tzEr2AAspW4h_VCOVKQcqVieuhVYgpsrpOFizQNtJAHi_jEzlW7DlvG4yn42cQRjpwMfVp-MUDkwbZOQLfgENNKtlkrsYdE7-xsZA_f166G4IiCv3hIYV31ONFiHjiiU&opaqueCursor=AbpZlBMyzgd724HSzZjMNSjNQK42kuR3w58iF-JV9X_h8T0FhL2nwtssTo8Z7vrDY90h_ay50K6Dxy8eFBU2xnd51S2KRmcqpyBAbebQufIBGO_aNnGaBSbUpTpDg8Ce4S_iXRN4Le3IlXoonIh72EsL1yFGXvm9USHy8euRIqIYQ5-0RU3jn_6Ex77ZF-9XoxNhuYlZJhpito3iRQUDo5E7HQJcjoJJj3EM0sJD4s6GP3Mf4k1k2YJs91nHCdo_yLfS4vB70Zxvbo7yBsrBtnN55d_5uCSGyrVvAMMD2uiU7n5_BdUSkkE-bsjZXQndklj0MhDKUl44RmImzy-tJmwQbIfZa9eJatk3PmkZne2wr15Lwr41PJV-SzAS4guvdYTlSFSZdDmVeLdUFy7-fhg6hhc3bl4yiY1spv1zAKkdbvMZgx4gN_PIhxoDKKgGqpFQv2JlBf31qcQ8C1NhCUY2ubq68Xu0RIB24NJPZuevnPJe_KipqixDaRRSxxXx3E13qS5P3apvxZzWMYjnY2hn5bK2L31qdYp41tpARzId7-MbN2stiNG8cLKPFMO8bh-TuyF9Nj4CNHffKJcB-iCcqWmpBcLvEcmMHmJcYZzwKTyxBEaT9XxAxXVoutdHf1dt9SKmzPSKsZVPizNLemjmv4RIBjAAoGrGXZG9yb_tuDtZwA4FCWmbYiNYF--duRjBmKoE-C_zD1o-w3dT-IqPeInFAN5PqutZRe5ER8SaKsNzRe3uJrYhia3VQPX1DsUQvqlvZL4TA13jqxvcbFwM8PYVZX7y5_Cba_G-dEsUFbMnr30k1VGyD3cPbGN-sHCPACEsXiAEUpICk3B1xFTGcUAJYgV4DyMjEdqv32W8wHAkeGR7JhqyiJFzhv-RJGI |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* Jugal Kishore Mohanty; former [[Sikkim High Court|Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-03-20 |title=Governor Biswa Bhusan pays tributes to Justice Jugal Kishore Mohanty |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/governor-biswa-bhusan-pays-tributes-to-justice-jugal-kishore-mohanty-677707 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]]; former [[Jharkhand High Court|Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court]] and former [[Chairperson]] of [[Lokpal|Lokpal of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Justice Pradip Kumar Mohanty appointed as Chief Justice of Jharkhand HC {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801125123/http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |archive-date=2018-08-01 }}</ref>

=== Others ===
* [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]; retired [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General of the Indian Army]], 42nd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], former [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=Lt Gen Chandi Prasad Mohanty is General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Army Command |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/24/lt-gen-chandi-prasad-mohanty-is-general-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-southern-army-command-2093740.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kishen Pattnaik]]; Indian politician, social activist, author, founder & editor of hindi monthly periodical called ''Samayik Varta.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sambad |date=2022-09-22 |title=ଖଡ଼ିଆଳର ପୂର୍ବତନ ବିଧାୟକ କପିଳ ନାରାୟଣ ତିୱାରୀଙ୍କ ପରଲୋକ |url=https://sambad.in/state/kapil-narayan-tiwari-former-mla-of-khadial-passed-away-879906/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Sambad |language=or}}</ref>
* [[Jayanti Patnaik]]; four-time Member of Parliament, first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]] and wife of former Chief Minister of Odisha and ex governor of Assam [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|Shri Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-22 |title=NCW::Breif History |url=http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |access-date=2025-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322143848/http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Niranjan Patnaik]]; former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]] and Ex Cabinet Minister.<ref name=":3" />
* [[Sarat Pattanayak]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-23 |title=Old war horse Sarat Pattnayak appointed Odisha Congress chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-war-horse-sarat-pattnayak-appointed-odisha-congress-chief/articleshow/91749222.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Patnaik]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Lok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0ZPAQAAMAAJ&q=banamali+%22Patnaik%22+passed+obituary+1980 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1980 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>
* Samir Mohanty; Indian politician and former president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Samir Mohanty elected Odisha BJP president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samir-mohanty-elected-odisha-bjp-chief-president-narendra-singh-tomar-1637543-2020-01-16 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]; Indian politician, writer, film producer and founder-editor of the [[Odia language|Odia]] daily [[Sambad]].<ref name=":3" />
* [[Ashok Kumar Das]]; Indian politician and former leader of opposition in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] during [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-23 |title=Sons rise in Orissa politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/story/sons-rise-in-orissa-politics-48405-2009-05-22 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pranab Prakash Das]]; Indian politician, former Energy Minister and one of the prominent leader in [[Naveen Patnaik|Naveen Patnaik's]] Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranab Prakash Das(BJD):Constituency- JAJPUR(JAJPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5577 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Bijoy Mohapatra]]; former Irrigation Minister and most powerful minister (known as Super Chief Minister) in [[Biju Patnaik|Biju Patnaik's]] cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-20 |title=Orissa Politics: Bijoy Mohapatra : In Jaya Chandra's Path - By Manoj Padhi |url=http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820041358/http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |archive-date=20 August 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]; former state's Cabinet Minister in [[Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Naveen Patnaik's Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naba Kisore Das(BJD):Constituency- JHARSUGUDA(JHARSUGUDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4872 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Manas Mangaraj]]; Indian politician, journalist and member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Odisha]] as member of [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manas Ranjan Mangaraj(BJD):(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=990 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Akshaya Mohanty]]; singer, lyricist, composer, musician, writer and Jayadev award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-25 |title=$ $ $ Akshaya Mohanty $ $ $ |url=http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152426/http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |archive-date=25 March 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Hara Patnaik]]; Indian actor, director, screenplay writer and singer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-17 |title=Odia actor Hara Patnaik dead |work=IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117232210/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref>
* [[Akshay Parija]]: Indian film maker and businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=A Life Transformed |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=3237 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Harvard Business School Alumni |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bijay Mohanty]]; Indian actor, Jayadev award winner, Orissa Cine Critics Award winner, National Film Awards winner and 6 times [[Odisha State Film Awards]] winner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=Odisha bids a tearful adieu to Bijay Mohanty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/odisha-bids-a-tearful-adieu-to-bijay-mohanty/articleshow/77110843.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Arindam Roy|Arindam Ray]]; Indian actor, politician and son in law of former leader of opposition [[Ashok Kumar Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy, BJP Candidate from Salipur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/arindam-roy-s18aed2008a094e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SALIPUR(CUTTACK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1179 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Buddhaditya Mohanty]]; Indian actor.
* [[Mahasweta Ray]]; Ollywood actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Award winner]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-08 |title=Weaving a legacy of grace |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2010/Dec/12/weaving-a-legacy-of-grace-210240.html |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Anubhav Mohanty]]; Indian actor and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubhav Mohanty(BJD):Constituency- KENDRAPARA(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10133 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Uttam Mohanty]]; Indian actor, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Awards winner]] and Jayadev Award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttam Mohanty {{!}} Actor, Writer, Music Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0595948/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Babushaan Mohanty]]; Indian actor, playback singer and son of [[Uttam Mohanty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Pragativadi News |date=2022-07-31 |title=Babushaan celebrates birthday with fans, cuts cake; Announces new Odia film "Gajapati" |url=https://pragativadi.com/babushaan-celebrates-birthday-with-fans-cuts-cake-announces-new-odia-film-gajapati/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Pragativadi |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Surnames ==
Some titles associated with the Karan caste includes:

[[Patnaik]], [[Mohanty]], [[Chowdhury|Choudhury]], [[Das (surname)|Das]], [[Rai (title)|Ray]], [[Mohapatra]], [[Samantray|Samantaray]], [[Routray]], Chhotray, Kanungo, [[Bakshi]], Raychoudhury, Bohidar, Srikarana, Dandapata, Das Mahapatra, Parija, Pruseth, Narendra, [[Senapati|Mahasenapati]], Srichandan, Harichandan, Bebarta, Mangaraj, Samantasinghar, [[Jena (surname)|Badajena]], [[Behera (title)|Behera]] etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upadhyay |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6y1uAAAAMAAJ&q=jena+karana |title=Origin of Orissa Names |date=2000 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |isbn=978-81-86472-60-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=kshatriya+Karan+jena |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBNDAAAAYAAJ&q=Dandapata |title=Proceedings |date=2006 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jena |first=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGZyHbmMVFEC&q=+karan+caste |title=Land Revenue Administration in Orissa During the Nineteenth Century |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/15193/10/10_chapter%25203.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Descendants of Chitragupta |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/devdutt-pattanaik--descendants-of-chitragupta-19083152 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hust |first=Evelin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xUqAAAAYAAJ&q=karan+kayastha |title=Women's Political Representation and Empowerment in India: A Million Indiras Now? |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-575-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=jagannath+in+history+and+religious+tradition |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Mauchline Roberts |first=Elizabeth |title=Gandhi and the Indian nationalist movement to 1920 |date=2019-08-13 |work=Gandhi, Nehru and Modern India |pages=14–27 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000628197/chapters/10.4324/9780367351717-2 |access-date=2024-10-26 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780367351717-2 |isbn=978-0-367-35171-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS5uAAAAMAAJ&q=bakshi |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sundargarh |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Dipti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to_U9I6Ol9wC&dq=srikarana+mahasenapati&pg=PA77 |title=Prataparudradeva, the Last Great Suryavamsi King of Orissa (A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1540) |date=2007 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-195-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moharana |first=Surendra |date=July 2016 |title=The Role of Daitas in Navakalevara |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2015/July/engpdf/115-122.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=116}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Madala Panji]], a chronicle of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] written by '''Karanas'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=+madala+panji |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rath |first=Bijaya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=Cultural History of Orissa, A.D. 855-1110 |date=1983 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhoi dynasty]], a medieval Hindu dynasty founded by [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC&pg=PA2687 |title=Indian Encyclopaedia |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&pg=SL2-PA32 |title=General Studies History 4 Upsc |date=2005-11-01 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited |isbn=978-0-07-060447-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORnlAAAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA175 |title=Indian History |isbn=978-1-259-06323-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o8BAAAAMAAJ&q=accountant |title=The History of the Gajapati Kings of Orissa and Their Successors |date=1953 |publisher=General Trading Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=govinda+vidyadhara+accountant |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara&pg=PT340 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brighenti |first=Francesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnnXAAAAMAAJ&q=bhoi+karan |title=Śakti Cult in Orissa |date=2001 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0179-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce61AAAAIAAJ&q=bhoi+writer+ |title=The Sultanate of Delhi: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age (711 - 1526 A.D.) |date=1959 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Athgarh State]], a [[Princely state]] founded by Raja Niladri Bhagirathi Barman Pattanayak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+bebarta |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Cuttack |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Karani script|Karani Script]], an Odia Script introduced by '''Karanas,''' it was primarily used for court, land, temple, and accounting records as well as other administrative purposes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]

Bakshi Jagabandhu

2025-04-30T18:24:22Z

The coderXE: Possible Vandalism

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter from Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Buxi Jagabandhu
| native_name = ବକ୍ସି ଜଗବନ୍ଧୁ ବିଦ୍ୟାଧର ମହାପାତ୍ର ଭ୍ରମରବର ରାୟ
| image = Buxi Jagabandhu 01.png
| alt =
| caption = Old sketch by Dharanidhara Behera of Cuttack
| birth_name = Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bhramarbar Ray
| birth_date = c. 1773
| birth_place = [[Puri]], [[Nagpur State]], [[Maratha Confederacy]] (modern-day [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1829|1773}}
| death_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| allegiance = [[Khurda Kingdom]]
| branch = [[Gajapati military]]
| rank = Buxi
| serviceyears = till 1825
| battles = [[Paika Rebellion]]
}}
[[File:Bakshi Jagabandhu.jpg|thumb|200px|Statue of Buxi Jagabandhu, the leader of Paika Rebellion, in [[Bhubaneswar]].]]
'''Jagabandhu Bidyadhara Mohapatra Bhramarbara Raya''' popularly known as '''Buxi Jagabandhu''' was the commander (Buxi) of the forces of the king of [[Khordha|Khurda]]. He is one of the earliest [[freedom fighter]]s of [[India]]. The [[Paika Rebellion|Paika rebellion]] in 1817 was under his leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paika-rebellion-of-1817/article18071125.ece|title=Paika rebellion of 1817|author=The Hindu Net Desk|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-05-29|language=en}}</ref> The [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College]] in [[Bhubaneswar]] is named after him.

==Life==
Jagabandhu Bidyadhara received the title of ''Buxi '' in inheritance from his ancestors which represents the rank of the commander of the forces of the King of [[Khordha|Khurda]], a rank second only to the king. His family was provided with [[Jagir]]s (vast landed properties and other requisites) and the estate of 'Killa Roranga' for generations by the King of [[Khordha|Khurda]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Prof.N.R |date=2008 |title=The Oriya Paika Rebellion of 1817 |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2008/August-2008/engpdf/or-august-2008.pdf |website=magazines.odisha.gov.in}}</ref> He was the 8th descendant of Danai Vidyadhara, a lieutenant of [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] king [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/utkalprasanga/2014/Jan/oriyapdf/96-97.pdf</ref>

==The Paika Rebellion==
It was the first rebellion of the [[Paika (caste)|Paika]] (soldiers of Odisha) with the support of common people against the British Rule. The land revenue policy of the British was the primary cause of the rebellion in 1817. The rent-free land tenures provided to the soldiers for their military service on a hereditary basis were taken away in the settlement by Major Fletcher as their service were not required anymore. This policy resulted in the deprivation of Buxi Jagabandhu from his estates and forced him to depend on the voluntary contributions from the people of [[Khordha|Khurda]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://as.ori.nic.in/gis/khurda/paik.htm |title=PAIK REBELLION |accessdate=10 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312004826/http://as.ori.nic.in/gis/khurda/paik.htm |archivedate=12 March 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> This policy also affected the [[zamindars]] as well as ryots. Another important cause for that great event was the raise in salt price.
As a result, Buxi Jagabandhu led the tribals of [[Banapur]] and [[Bhanja dynasty#Ghumusar branch|Ghumusar]] and marched towards Khurda to fight against colonial power. He had an army of 400 Kandhas who fought bravely. The rebellion received extensive support from the common people. Even the [[Khonds|Kandhas]] of [[Banapur]] became successful in their revolutionary activities. The rebellion was expanded throughout the state and continued for a quite long time. Government buildings were burnt, policemen were killed and government treasury looted. However, the fewer in number ''paika'' were unable to defeat their well-equipped British counterpart and receded back to the jungles, where they continued to resist the British. A number of them were captured, tried and executed in the last stages of the rebellion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Death Anniversary of Buxi Jagabandhu|url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/Events_Archives/40Buxi_Jagabandhu.pdf|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> Additionally Raja of Khurda had compelled Bidyadhar to surrender to the British and accept a pension.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=J. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXFyDwAAQBAJ&dq=jayi+rajguru&pg=PT30 |title=A Time Elsewhere |date=2018-10-13 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-340-6 |language=en}}</ref> Bidyadhar was imprisoned in 1825 and died in jail four years later in 1829.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Explained: Why Centre has refused to accept Paika revolution as first war of independence|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/paika-revolution-odisha-demand-explained-7653963/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/feb-march-2008/engpdf/51-52.pdf
* https://books.google.com/books?id=R0ddg1vMjl8C&dq=Bakshi+Jagabandhu&pg=PP1

[http://www.fullodisha.com/bakshi-jagabandhu-anubhav-mohantys-new-odia-film/ Odia film on Bakshi Jagabandhu]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagabandhu, Bakshi}}
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1770s births]]
[[Category:1829 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Confederacy]]
[[Category:People from Khordha district]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian warriors]]
[[Category:Executed Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century executions by British India]]

Bakshi Jagabandhu

2025-04-30T18:23:20Z

The coderXE: Piv pushing

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter from Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Buxi Jagabandhu
| native_name = ବକ୍ସି ଜଗବନ୍ଧୁ ବିଦ୍ୟାଧର ମହାପାତ୍ର ଭ୍ରମରବର ରାୟ
| image = Buxi Jagabandhu 01.png
| alt =
| caption = Old sketch by Dharanidhara Behera of Cuttack
| birth_name = Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bhramarbar Ray
| birth_date = 1773
| birth_place = Gadarondoga,[[Puri]]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1829|1773}}
| death_place = [[Cuttack]]
| allegiance = [[Khurda Kingdom]]
| branch = [[Gajapati military]]
| rank = Buxi
| serviceyears = till 1825
| battles = [[Paika Rebellion]]
}}
[[File:Bakshi Jagabandhu.jpg|thumb|200px|Statue of Buxi Jagabandhu, the leader of Paika Rebellion, in [[Bhubaneswar]].]]
'''Jagabandhu Bidyadhara Mohapatra Bhramarbara Raya''' popularly known as '''Buxi Jagabandhu''' ({{Langx|or|ବକ୍ସି ଜଗବନ୍ଧୁ}}) was the commander (Buxi) of the forces of the king of [[Khordha|Khurda]]. He is one of the earliest [[freedom fighter]]s of [[India]]. The great [[Paik Rebellion|Paika rebellion]] in 1817 was under his leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paika-rebellion-of-1817/article18071125.ece|title=Paika rebellion of 1817|author=The Hindu Net Desk|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-05-29|language=en}}</ref> The [[Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College|BJB College]] in [[Bhubaneswar]] has been named after this great personality.

==Life==
Jagabandhu Bidyadhara had got the title of ''Buxi '' in inheritance from his ancestors which represents the rank of the commander of the forces of the King of [[Khordha|Khurda]], a rank second only to the king. He was born in an aristocratic [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jena |first=Bikram Keshori |title=How odisha voted: Political postmortem report on state politics |url=https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jcs1&volume=37&issue=3&article=007 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=www.indianjournals.com |quote=in Odisha as well as New Delhi to commemorate the sacrifice of the warriors of the Khandayat caste like Baxi Jagabandhu.}}</ref> His family was provided with [[Jagir]]s (vast landed properties and other requisites) and the estate of ‘Killa Roranga’ for generations by the King of [[Khordha|Khurda]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Prof.N.R |date=2008 |title=The Oriya Paika Rebellion of 1817 |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2008/August-2008/engpdf/or-august-2008.pdf |website=magazines.odisha.gov.in}}</ref>

==The Paika Rebellion==
It was the first rebellion of the [[Paika (caste)|Paika]] (soldiers of Odisha) with the support of common people against the British Rule. The land revenue policy of the British was the primary cause of the rebellion in 1817. The rent-free land tenures provided to the soldiers for their military service on a hereditary basis were taken away in the settlement by '''Major Fletcher''' as their service were not required anymore. This policy resulted in the deprivation of Buxi Jagabandhu from his estates and forced him to depend on the voluntary contributions from the people of Khurda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://as.ori.nic.in/gis/khurda/paik.htm |title=PAIK REBELLION |accessdate=10 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312004826/http://as.ori.nic.in/gis/khurda/paik.htm |archivedate=12 March 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> This policy also affected the [[zamindars]] as well as ryots. Another important cause for that great event was the raise in salt price.
As a result, Buxi Jagabandhu led the tribals of [[Banapur]] and [[Bhanja dynasty#Ghumusar branch|Ghumusar]] and bravely marched towards Khurda to fight against colonial power. He had an army of 400 Kandhas who fought bravely. The rebellion received extensive support from the common people. Even the [[Khonds|Kandhas]] of Banapur became successful in their revolutionary activities. The rebellion was expanded throughout the state and continued for a quite long time. Government buildings were burnt, policemen were killed and government treasury looted. However, the fewer in number ''paika'' were unable to defeat their well-equipped British counterpart and receded back to the jungles, where they continued to resist the British. A number of them were captured, tried and executed in the last stages of the rebellion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Death Anniversary of Buxi Jagabandhu|url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/Events_Archives/40Buxi_Jagabandhu.pdf|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> Bidyadhar was imprisoned in 1825 and died in jail four years later in 1829.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Explained: Why Centre has refused to accept Paika revolution as first war of independence|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/paika-revolution-odisha-demand-explained-7653963/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/feb-march-2008/engpdf/51-52.pdf
* https://books.google.com/books?id=R0ddg1vMjl8C&dq=Bakshi+Jagabandhu&pg=PP1

[http://www.fullodisha.com/bakshi-jagabandhu-anubhav-mohantys-new-odia-film/ Odia film on Bakshi Jagabandhu]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagabandhu, Bakshi}}
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1773 births]]
[[Category:1829 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Khordha district]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian warriors]]
[[Category:Executed Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century executions by British India]]

Behera (title)

2025-04-30T18:21:17Z

The coderXE: Unsourced claim

{{Short description|Honorific title in Indian state Odisha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} The '''behera''' ({{langx|or|ବେହେରା}}) is a popular [[Odia people|Odia]] [[Indian honorifics|title]], Anciently, '''Dala-Behera''' was an honorific title reserved for the leader of a group of soldiers.

== As a title ==
The Behera is a popular [[Odia people|Odia]] title found in people from various communities.The Behera surname mostly used by [[Khandayat|Khandayats]], [[Chasa (caste)|Chasas]], [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]]s,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Senapati |first1=Fakir Mohan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcZjAAAAMAAJ&q=Behera+milkman |title=Uncle |last2=Acharya |first2=Krishna Mohan |date=1997 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7586-018-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tripathy |first=Shyam Sunder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXbYAAAAMAAJ&q=gopala+surnames+behera |title=Buddhism and Other Religious Cults of South-east India |date=1988 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85067-15-5 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kewat|Keutas]], [[Bania (caste)|Banias]] of Odisha who were chief of their caste council and responsible for making law and keep order in their caste used the title of Behera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNQwwbwUsC4C&q=behera+khandayat |title=People of India: Odisha (2 pts.) |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7046-294-1 |language=en}}</ref>
*Royal writers of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] belonging to [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] community bear the title "Behera".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref>
*The Behera surname is predominantly associated with the [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] community of [[Odisha]].
*[[Devanga]]s of [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] district who are weaver by profession also use the title of Behera because king of Ganjam offered the title of Behera to Devangs for their weaving skills.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=Behera+title&pg=PA154 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Brahmin]]s of [[Sambalpur]] and [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] in Odisha also use the title of Behera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frodsham |first=J. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctJaBAAAQBAJ&dq=behera+brahmin&pg=PT255 |title=Fool's Mate |date=2014-08-20 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4969-8710-5 |language=de}}</ref>
*[[Bauri (caste)|Bauri]]s of Bengal and Odisha also use the title of Behera who are traditional Barber to Bauri caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=Behera+surname&pg=PA93 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable People ==
* [[Bhagabat Behera]], Former Cabinet Minister (O.L.A)
* [[Bhubaneswar Behera]], Indian Scholar.
* [[Chakradhar Behera]], Freedom Fighter & Politician.
* [[Daitari Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Deepak Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Dharmananda Behera]], Indian Politician
* [[Digambar Behera]], Indian Physician.
* [[Jayanta Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Jayanti Behera]], Indian Sprinter.
* [[Lokanath Behera]], D.G.P of Kerala state Police.
* [[Madhusmita Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Mandakini Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Nandita Behera]], Indian odissi Dancer.
* [[Natraj Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Niranjan Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Prasanta Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Ritwik Behera]], [[Americans|American]] cricketer
* [[Shashi Bhusan Behera]], Indian Politician

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Behera, Behere}}

[[Category:Odia people]]

Behera (title)

2025-04-30T18:20:54Z

The coderXE: Vandalism reverted

{{Short description|Honorific title in Indian state Odisha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} The '''behera''' ({{langx|or|ବେହେରା}}) is a popular [[Odia people|Odia]] [[Indian honorifics|title]], Anciently, '''Dala-Behera''' was an honorific title reserved for the leader of a group of soldiers.

== As a title ==
The Behera is a popular [[Odia people|Odia]] title found in people from various communities.The Behera surname mostly used by [[Khandayat|Khandayats]], [[Chasa (caste)|Chasas]], [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]]s,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Senapati |first1=Fakir Mohan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcZjAAAAMAAJ&q=Behera+milkman |title=Uncle |last2=Acharya |first2=Krishna Mohan |date=1997 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7586-018-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tripathy |first=Shyam Sunder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXbYAAAAMAAJ&q=gopala+surnames+behera |title=Buddhism and Other Religious Cults of South-east India |date=1988 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85067-15-5 |language=en}}</ref> [[Kewat|Keutas]], [[Bania (caste)|Banias]] of Odisha who were chief of their caste council and responsible for making law and keep order in their caste used the title of Behera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNQwwbwUsC4C&q=behera+khandayat |title=People of India: Odisha (2 pts.) |date=1992 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-81-7046-294-1 |language=en}}</ref>
*Royal writers of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] belonging to [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] community bear the title "Behera".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref>
*The Behera surname is predominantly associated with the [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] community of [[Odisha]] ,who have historically been warriors and landholders.
*[[Devanga]]s of [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] district who are weaver by profession also use the title of Behera because king of Ganjam offered the title of Behera to Devangs for their weaving skills.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&dq=Behera+title&pg=PA154 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Brahmin]]s of [[Sambalpur]] and [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] in Odisha also use the title of Behera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frodsham |first=J. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctJaBAAAQBAJ&dq=behera+brahmin&pg=PT255 |title=Fool's Mate |date=2014-08-20 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4969-8710-5 |language=de}}</ref>
*[[Bauri (caste)|Bauri]]s of Bengal and Odisha also use the title of Behera who are traditional Barber to Bauri caste people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=Behera+surname&pg=PA93 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable People ==
* [[Bhagabat Behera]], Former Cabinet Minister (O.L.A)
* [[Bhubaneswar Behera]], Indian Scholar.
* [[Chakradhar Behera]], Freedom Fighter & Politician.
* [[Daitari Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Deepak Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Dharmananda Behera]], Indian Politician
* [[Digambar Behera]], Indian Physician.
* [[Jayanta Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Jayanti Behera]], Indian Sprinter.
* [[Lokanath Behera]], D.G.P of Kerala state Police.
* [[Madhusmita Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Mandakini Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Nandita Behera]], Indian odissi Dancer.
* [[Natraj Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Niranjan Behera]], Indian Cricketer.
* [[Prasanta Behera]], Indian Politician.
* [[Ritwik Behera]], [[Americans|American]] cricketer
* [[Shashi Bhusan Behera]], Indian Politician

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Behera, Behere}}

[[Category:Odia people]]

Odia people

2025-04-30T18:17:40Z

The coderXE:

{{short description|none}}
{{Redirect|Odias||Odia (disambiguation){{!}}Odia}}
{{pp-move}}

{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Odias
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଲୋକ Odiā Lōka
| native_name_lang = od
| flag =
| image = Odissi in a Group.jpg
| image_caption = Dancers performing [[odissi]]
| population = 40 million
| region1 = {{IND}}
| pop1 = 38,033,000 (2021)
| langs = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| religions = '''Predominantly''': [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] '''Minorities''': {{hlist|[[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]]|[[File:Allah-green.svg|15px]] [[Islam]]
|[[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|12px]] [[Jainism]]|[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|18px]] [[Buddhism]] and others}}
| related_groups = [[Indo-Aryan people ]], [[Bonaz]], [[Sambalpuri]]
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
The '''Odia''' ({{lang|or|ଓଡ଼ିଆ}}), formerly spelled '''Oriya''', are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[ethno-linguistic group]] native to the Indian state of [[Odisha]] who speak the [[Odia language]]. They constitute a majority in the eastern coastal state, with significant minority populations existing in the neighboring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA233|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|isbn=9781598846591|last1=Minahan|first1=James|year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref> Odia is the 9th most spoken language in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-13 |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113211224/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17.html |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref> Modern day Odisha was made from Odia speaking - Orissa part of then [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], Odia speaking areas of Madras Presidency, Odia speaking areas of Central Provinces & Odia speaking Gadajats (Odia Princely states).The first linguistic movement started in 1886 and with successful efforts of Madhusudan Das, the Father of Odia nationalism, Odisha became the first state to be created on lingusitic basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-12 |title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) {{!}} Orissa {{!}} Born of linguistic pride |url=https://archive.today/20131112115802/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110401/jsp/orissa/story_13795031.jsp |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=archive.ph}}</ref> Prior to that, existed the [[Orissa Tributary States]], [[Ganjam District (Madras Presidency)|Ganjam district]] and Parts of the [[Vizagapatam district (Madras Presidency)|Vizagapatam district]] of [[Madras Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Provinces of British India |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref>

{{Infobox ethnonym|root=ଓଡ଼ିଆ Odiā|person=Odiā|people=Odiā Lōka|language=[[Odia language|Odiā]]|country=[[Odisha]] [[Kalinga (region)|Kalinga]] (hist.)}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of Odisha}}
'''<big>Ancient period</big>'''
[[File:Udaygiri and Khandagiri Cave - 1.jpg|thumb|'''Udaygiri and Khandagiri Cave - 1''']]
According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga [[janapada]] originally comprised the area covered by the [[Puri district|Puri]] and [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] districts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miśra |first=Sudāmā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dua1AAAAIAAJ |title=Janapada State in Ancient India |date=1973 |publisher=Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana |language=en}}</ref>

According to some scriptures ([[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]]), a king Bali, the [[Vairocana]] and the son of Sutapa, had no sons. So, he requested the sage, Dirghatamas, to bless him with sons. The sage is said to have begotten five sons through his wife, the queen Sudesna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patil |first=Rajaram D. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&dq=bali+sudesna&pg=PA46 |title=Cultural History From The Vayu Purana |date=1973 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2085-2 |language=en}}</ref> The princes were named [[Anga#Origin of name|Anga]], [[Vanga kingdom#References in the Mahabharata|Vanga]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]], [[Suhma kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Sumha]] and [[Pundra kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Pundra]].<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Odisha |date=2024-12-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Odisha#cite_note-7500BC-3 |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en}}</ref> The princes later founded kingdoms named after themselves. The prince Vanga founded [[Vanga kingdom]], in the current day region of [[Bangladesh]] and part of [[West Bengal]]. The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Odisha |date=2024-12-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Odisha#cite_note-enHindu-5 |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en}}</ref>

The Mahabharata also mentions Kalinga several more times. Srutayudha, the king of Kalinga, son of [[Varuna]] and river Parnasa, had joined the [[Kaurava]] camp in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. He had been given a divine [[Gada (mace)|mace]] by his father on request of his mother, which protected him as long he wielded it. But, Varuna had warned his son, that using it on a non-combatant will cause the death of the wielder himself. In the frenzy of battle, harried by [[Arjuna]]'s arrows, he made the mistake of launching it at Krishna, Arjuna's charioteer, who was unarmed. The mace bounced off Krishna and killed Srutayudha. The archer who killed [[Krishna]], Jara Savara, and [[Ekalavya]] are said to have belonged to the [[Sabar people]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA97 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&dq=Mahagovinda+Suttanta+kalinga&pg=PA75 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty |date=2006 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-307-0291-9 |language=en}}</ref>

In the 6th century ''sutrakara'' (chronicler), Baudhayana, mentions Kalinga as not yet being influenced by Vedic traditions. He also warns his people from visiting Kalinga (among other kingdoms), saying one who visits it must perform penance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&pg=PA68 |title=Indian Civilization and Culture |date=1998 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-083-2 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 2.jpg|thumb|Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar.]]

===Medieval period===
The [[Shailodbhava dynasty]] ruled the region from the sixth to the eighth century. They built the [[Parashurameshvara Temple]] in the 7th century, which is the oldest known temple in Bhubaneswar. The ruled Odisha from the 8th to the 10th century. They built several Buddhist monasteries and temples, including [[Lalitgiri]], [[Udayagiri, Odisha|Udayagiri]] and [[Baitala Deula]]. The [[Keshari dynasty]] ruled from the 9th to the 12th century. The [[Lingaraj Temple]], [[Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar|Mukteshvara Temple]] and [[Rajarani Temple]] in Bhubaneswar were constructed during the [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Smith |title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC |year=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0793-8 |page=27}}</ref> They were introduced as a new style of architecture in Odisha, and the dynasty's rule shifted from [[Buddhism]] to [[Brahmanism]].{{sfn|Smith|1994|p=26}}
[[File:19s Bengal province map.jpg|thumb|Undivided Odisha and Bihar states.]]

===Modern period ===
Odisha remained an independent regional power until the early 16th century. It was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] under [[Akbar]] in 1568 and was thereafter subject to a succession of Mughal and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule before coming under [[Company rule in India|British control]] in 1803.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/book-by-british-ics-officer-covers----orissa--as-a-whole.html|title=Book by British ICS officer covers 'Orissa' as a whole|website=dailypioneer|author=GYANENENDRA NATH MITRA|date=25 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref>

In 1817, a combination of high taxes, administrative malpractice by the ''[[zamindar]]s'' and dissatisfaction with the new land laws led to a [[Paik Rebellion|revolt against Company rule]] breaking out, which many Odias participated in. The rebels were led by General [[Bakshi Jagabandhu|Jagabandhu Bidyadhara Mohapatra Bhramarbara Raya]].<ref name="Mahmud1994">{{cite book|author=Sayed Jafar Mahmud|title=Pillars of Modern India 1757-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8XPyBqxwX8C&pg=PA10|access-date=10 February 2013|year=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-586-5|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/paika-bidroha-to-be-named-as-1st-war-of-independence/article19909264.ece| title = 'Paika Bidroha' to be named as 1st War of Independence - NATIONAL - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

Under Maratha control, major Odia regions were transferred to the rulers of Bengal that resulted in successive decline of the language over the course of time in vast regions that stretched until today's [[Midnapore district|Midnapore]] district of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sengupta | first=N. | title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI8GQioaoL4C | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8475-530-5 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=January 2023}}

Odisha became a separate province and the first officially recognized language-based state of India in 1936, after the amalgamation of the Odia regions from [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[Madras Presidency]] and [[Chhattisgarh Division]] was successfully executed. 26 Odia [[princely state]]s, including [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Sadheikala-Kharasuan]] in today's [[Jharkhand]], also signed a merger with the newly formed state, while many major Odia-speaking areas were left out due to political incompetence.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsXLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86|title=Language Policy and Education in India: Documents, contexts and debates|isbn=9781134878246|access-date=25 December 2019|last1=Sridhar|first1=M.|last2=Mishra|first2=Sunita|date=5 August 2016|publisher=Routledge }}</ref>

==Communities==
The Odia people are subdivided into several communities such as the [[Utkala Brahmin]], [[Karan (caste)|Karan]], [[Kayastha]], [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]], [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]], [[Komati (caste)|Kumuti]], [[Chasa caste|Chasa]], [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Bhulia]], [[Kansabanik|Kansari]], [[Kuilta]], [[Gudia (caste)|Gudia]], [[Patra (caste)|Patara]], [[Tanti]], [[Teli]], [[Viswakarma (caste)|Badhei]], [[Kamar (caste)|Kamara]], [[Barika (caste)|Barika]], [[Mali (caste)|Mali]], [[Kumhar|Kumbhar]], [[Siyal (caste)|Siyal]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvJ5G17FkOoC&dq=founder+of+sialkot&pg=PA180 |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date=1884 |publisher=Education Society's Press |language=en}}</ref> [[Sundhi]], [[Jalia Kaibarta|Keuta]], [[Dhobi|Dhoba]], [[Bhoi|Bauri]], [[Kandara]], [[Domba]], [[Pano (caste)|Pano]],[[Hadi]].<ref name="BehuraMohanty2005">{{cite book|author1=Nab Kishore Behura|author2=Ramesh P. Mohanty|title=Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6Gz0ZDw7PQC&pg=PA49|year=2005|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-920-3|pages=49–}}</ref>

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Odisha}}
'''<big>Religion</big>'''
[[File:Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) Manuscript LACMA M.71.1.33.jpg|thumb|gita govinda manuscript]]
In its long history, Odisha has had a continuous tradition of [[dharmic religions]] especially [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]]. [[Ashoka]]'s conquest of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga (India)]] made Buddhism a principal religion in the state which led to the establishment of numerous [[Stupas]] and non religion learning centres. During [[Kharavela]]'s reign [[Jainism]] found prominence. However, by the middle of the 9th century CE there was a revival of [[Hinduism]] as attested by numerous temples such as Mukteshwara, Lingaraja, Jagannath and Konark, which were erected starting from the late 7th century CE. Part of the revival in Hinduism was due to [[Adi Shankaracharya]] who proclaimed [[Puri]] to be one of the four holiest places or ''[[Char Dham]]'' for Hinduism. Odisha has, therefore, a syncretic mixture of the three dharmic religions as attested by the fact that the [[Jagannath Temple]] in Puri is considered to be holy by [[Hindus]], Buddhists and [[Hindus|Jains]].

Presently, the majority of people in the state of Odisha are [[Hindus]]. As per the census of 2001, Odisha is the third largest Hindu-populated state (as a percentage of population) in India. However, while Odisha is predominantly Hindu it is not monolithic. There is a rich cultural heritage in the state owing to the Hindu faith. For example, Odisha is home to several Hindu saints. [[Bhima Bhoi|Sant Bhima Bhoi]] was a leader of the [[Mahima Religion|Mahima sect movement]], [[Sarala Dasa]], was the translator of the epic [[Mahabharata]] in Odia, Chaitanya Dasa was a [[Vaishnavism|Buddhistic-Vaishnava]] and writer of the ''Nirguna Mahatmya'', [[Jayadeva]] was the author of the ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' and is recognized by the Sikhs as one of their most important bhagats. Swami Laxmananda Saraswati is a modern-day Hindu saint of [[Adivasi]] heritage.

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|kalinga architecture}}
[[File:700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 111.jpg|thumb|700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 111]]
[[File:Mukteswar Temple Detail.jpg|thumb|Mukteswar Temple (Kalinga Architecture)]]
[[File:Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha.jpg|thumb|Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha]]
[[File:Stone wheel engraved in the 13th century built Konark Sun Temple in Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|Stone wheel engraved in the 13th century built Konark Sun Temple in Orissa, India]]
The '''Kaḷinga architectural style''' is a style of [[Hindu architecture]] which flourished in the ancient [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] previously known as [[Utkal]] and in present eastern Indian state of [[Odisha]]. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with [[Vishnu]], [[Surya]] and [[Shiva]] temples while the third is mainly with [[Chamunda]] and [[Durga]] temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula houses are the [[sanctum sanctorum]] while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.{{Culture of Odisha}}

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Cuisine of Odisha}}
[[File:Chena poda.jpg|thumb|Chena poda a sweet delicacy from Odisha.]]
Seafood and sweets dominate Odia cuisine. Rice is the staple cereal and is eaten throughout the day. Popular Odia dishes are [[rasagolla]], [[rasabali]], [[chhena poda]], [[chhena kheeri]], [[chhena jalebi]], chenna jhilli, [[chhenagaja]], [[khira sagara]], [[Dalma (dish)|dalma]], tanka torani and [[pakhala]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/features/cuisine-of-odisha/|title=Cuisine Of Odisha|website=odishanewsinsight|date=16 November 2019|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/food/odia-delicacies-in-bengalurus-first-ama-odia-bhoji-to-tickle-taste-buds20200112200631/|title=Odia delicacies in Bengaluru's first 'Ama Odia Bhoji' to tickle taste buds|website=aninews|date=12 January 2020|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
{{Main|Festivals of Odisha}}'''<big>Ratha yatra</big>'''
[[File:Rath Yatra Puri 07-11027.jpg|thumb|Rath Yatra festival in Puri ,Odisha.]]
A stunning example of Kalinga architecture is the Jagannath Temple, which was constructed in the twelfth century by King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva. The goddesses Subhadra, Balabhadra, and Lord Jagannath reside in this hallowed shrine. The festival of Ratha Yatra, which draws pilgrims and visitors from all over the world, is closely linked to the history of the Jagannath Temple.
[[File:Puri Rath Yatra by Fergusson.jpg|thumb|Ratha yatra festival in Puri by Fegursson.]]
A wide variety of festivals are celebrated throughout the year; There is a saying in Odia, ‘Baarah maase, terah parba’, that there are 13 festivals in a year. Well known festivals that are popular among the Odia people include the [[Ratha Yatra]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Raja (festival)|Rajo]], [[Maha Shivratri]], [[Kartika Purnima]], [[Dola Purnima]], [[Ganesh Puja]], [[Chandan Yatra]], [[Snana Yatra]], [[Makar Mela]], [[Chhau Festival]], and [[Nuakhai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2018 |title=The tenacious people of Odisha |url=https://telanganatoday.com/tenacious-people-odisha |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405221401/https://telanganatoday.com/tenacious-people-odisha |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=telanganatoday}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Ratha Yatra Praha 2019.jpg|thumb|Lord Jagannath with his siblings.]]
Odisha is one of the most religiously and ethnically homogeneous states in India. More than 94% of the people are followers of Hinduism.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archivedate=25 August 2015}}</ref> Hinduism in Odisha is more significant due to the specific Jagannath culture followed by Odia Hindus due to independent rule of Odia [[Hindu king]]s. Hinduism flourished in the eastern coastal region under patronage of the Hindu kings: arts, literature, maritime trade, vedic rituals were given importance. The practices of the [[Jagannath]] sect is popular in the state and the annual Ratha Yatra in Puri draws pilgrims from across India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenewleam.com/2018/07/lord-jagannaths-rathyatra-as-a-marker-of-odia-identity/|title=Lord Jagannath's Rathyatra as a Marker of Odia Identity|website=thenewleam|date=23 July 2018|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{See also|List of people from Odisha}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}


* {{annotated link |Achyutananda Dasa}}
* {{annotated link |Binayak Acharya}}
* {{annotated link |Afzal-ul Amin}}
* {{annotated link |Subroto Bagchi}}
* {{annotated link |Bhikari Bal}}
* {{annotated link |Hemananda Biswal}}
* {{annotated link |Bhagabat Behera}}
* {{annotated link |Chakradhar Behera}}
* {{annotated link |Chandi Prasad Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Sanatan Mahakud}}
* {{annotated link |Krishna Beura}}
* {{annotated link |Kadambini Mohakud}}
* {{annotated link |Dutee Chand}}
* {{annotated link |Nabakrushna Choudhuri}}
* {{annotated link |Ashok Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhusita Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bidhu Bhusan Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bishwanath Das}}
* {{annotated link |Gopabandhu Das}}
* {{annotated link |Madhusudan Das}}
* {{annotated link |Manoj Das}}
* {{annotated link |Nandita Das}}
* {{annotated link |Prabhat Nalini Das}}
* {{annotated link |Shaktikanta Das}}
* {{annotated link |Anil Dash}}
* {{annotated link |Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo}}
* {{annotated link |Giridhar Gamang}}
* {{annotated link |Hussain Rabi Gandhi}}
* {{annotated link |Biswabhusan Harichandan}}
* {{annotated link |Mehmood Hussain}}
* {{annotated link |Binod Kanungo}}
* {{annotated link |Madhu Sudan Kanungo}}
* {{annotated link |Indrajit Mahanty}}
* {{annotated link |Jayanta Mahapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Harekrushna Mahatab}}
* {{annotated link |Lalit Mansingh}}
* {{annotated link |Chaturbhuj Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Gangadhar Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Kailash Chandra Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Kunja Bihari Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Sadhu Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Atharuddin Mohammed}}
* {{annotated link |Pramod Kumar Mishra}}
* {{annotated link |Sabyasachi Mishra}}
* {{annotated link |Baidyanath Misra}}
* {{annotated link |B. K. Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Dipak Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Ranganath Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Tapan Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Biren Mitra}}
* {{annotated link |Sayeed Mohammed}}
* {{annotated link |Anubhav Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Baisali Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Debashish Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Surendra Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Uttam Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhu Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Kelucharan Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Sona Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Arabinda Muduli}}
* {{annotated link |Droupadi Murmu}}
* {{annotated link |Srabani Nanda}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhuti Bhushan Nayak}}
* {{annotated link |Pragyan Ojha}}
* {{annotated link |Nila Madhab Panda}}
* {{annotated link |Arun K. Pati}}
* {{annotated link |Biju Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Janaki Ballabh Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Jayanti Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Naveen Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Sudarshan Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Sambit Patra}}
* {{annotated link |Devdutt Pattanaik}}
* {{annotated link |Dharmendra Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Manasi Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |S.N. Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Tapan Kumar Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Ramakanta Rath}}
* {{annotated link |Nilamani Routray}}
* {{annotated link |Sarojini Sahoo}}
* {{annotated link |Archita Sahu}}
* {{annotated link |Jairam Samal}}
* {{annotated link |Debasish Samantray}}
* {{annotated link |Biplab Samantray}}
* {{annotated link |Pratap Chandra Sarangi}}
* {{annotated link |Nandini Satpathy}}
* {{annotated link |Fakir Mohan Senapati}}
* {{annotated link |Sadashiva Tripathy}}
* {{annotated link |Bijaya Kumar Sahoo}}


{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Odia diaspora]]
*[[Folk dance forms of Odisha]]
*[[Odia language]]
*[[Arts of Odisha]]
*[[Kalinga architecture]]
*[[Cinema of Odisha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Odia people}}
* [http://www.odisha.gov.in/ Odisha.gov.in]

{{Odisha}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:People from Odisha| ]]

Senapati

2025-04-30T18:16:31Z

The coderXE: Unsourced claim, reverting Vandalism

{{short description|Ancient Indian military title}}
{{About|the ancient Indian title|the district|Senapati district|district headquarters of Senapati district|Senapati, Manipur|the Indian Bengali film|Senapati (film)|the 2021 Indian film|Senapathi|the village in Kerala, India|Senapathy (Idukki district)}}

'''Senapati''' ({{langx|sa|सेनापति}} {{IPA|sa|seːnɑpət̪i|}}, ''sena'' meaning "army", ''[[Pati (title)|pati]]'' meaning "lord") is a title in [[ancient India]] denoting the rank of [[general (military)|General]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Senapati | work = Sanskrit Dictionary | url = http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?mode=3&script=hk&tran_input=senapati&direct=au}}</ref>

It was a hereditary title of nobility used in the [[Maratha Empire]]. During wartime, a ''Sardar Senapati'' or ''Sarsenapati'' (also colloquially termed ''Sarnaubat'') functioned as the [[Commander-in-Chief]] of all [[Maratha Army|Maratha armies]], coordinating the commands of the various ''[[Sardar]]s'' in battle.

Ranking under the [[heir-apparent]] [[crown prince]] ([[yuvaraja]]) and other hereditary [[prince]]s (rajkumar), the title ''Senapati'' most closely resembles a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Duke]] or [[Germans|German]] ''[[Herzog]]'' in rank and function. On occasion, the title '''Mahasenapati''' ([[Sanskrit]]: महा ''maha-'' meaning "great") was granted; this equates to [[Field marshal|Field Marshal]], and closely resembles a [[Grand Duke]] or a German ''Großherzog''.

Unlike ''Sardar'', ''Senapati'' is a [[primogeniture]] hereditary title that is passed on to the eldest son. There are several royal ''Senapati'' families alive today, including the [[Ghorpade]] and [[Dabhade]] families.

''Senapati'' as Surname is almost equivalent to Sardars in India . Outside of India too, this type of similar surnames are being used like "''Senopati''" in Indonesia, [[Walters (surname)|Walters]] in Germany which means Commander of the Army, etc.

==Outside of India==
In [[Cambodia]], the term ''sena padei'' ({{langx|km|សេនាបតី}}) means "military commander". It is used in the title of the current Prime Minister of Cambodia, [[Hun Sen]].

In ancient [[Philippines]], this title was used by ''Sang pamegat senāpati di Tundun'', the "Commander-in-chief" of [[Tondo (historical polity)|Tondo]] represented by [[Jayadewa]], Lord Minister of Pailah mentioned in the [[Laguna Copperplate Inscription]] {{circa|900 AD}}.<ref name="Morrow2006">{{cite web
|last=Morrow
|first=Paul
|author-link=Paul Morrow
|title=The Laguna Copperplate Inscription
|date=2006-07-14
|url=http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/lcieng.htm
|access-date=2008-02-05

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205031106/http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/lcieng.htm
|archive-date=2008-02-05
}}</ref>

In [[Indonesia]], the term ''senapati'' has been absorbed into [[Old Javanese]] and eventually [[Javanese language]] to refer to "general" or "army commander". In Javanese it can be rendered as ''Senapati'' or ''Senopati''. For example, the title of [[Sutawijaya]], the founder of 16th century Javanese [[Mataram Sultanate]], was ''Senapati ing Alaga'', which means "general of battle".<ref>{{cite book | title = Concise History of Islam |author=Muzaffar Husain Syed |author2=Syed Saud Akhtar |author3=B D Usmani | publisher = Vij Books India Pvt Ltd | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-93-82573-47-0 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ&q=senapati+ing+alaga+sutawijaya&pg=PA336 | page = 336 }}</ref>

==Senapatis of the Maratha Empire==
The following is a list of Senapatis of the Maratha Empire from the reign of Shivaji to Shahu subsequently:

*Mankoji Dahatonde (first)
*[[Netaji Palkar]] (second)
*[[Prataprao Gujar]] (third)
*[[Anandrao]] (fourth)
*[[Hambirrao Mohite]] (fifth)
*Maloji Ghorpade (sixth)
*[[Santaji Ghorpade]] (seventh)
*[[Dhanaji Jadhav|Dhanaji Jadhav Rao]] (eighth)
*Chandrasen Jadhav (ninth)
*[[Khanderao Dabhade]] (tenth)
*[[Trimbak Rao Dabhade]] (eleventh)

==See also==
* [[Pradhan]]
* [[Filipino styles and honorifics]]
* [[Malay styles and titles]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Honorifics]]
[[Category:Men's social titles]]
[[Category:Feudalism in Asia]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]

Rai (title)

2025-04-30T18:14:51Z

The coderXE: Reverting Pov Pushing

{{Short description|Indian honorific title}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}}

'''Rai''' is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the [[Indian subcontinent]] used by rulers and chieftains of many [[princely states]]. It is derived from ''[[Raja]]'' (king). The Marathi/Telugu variant Rai was used as a substitute to King.

When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''[[Rana (title)|Ranas]]'', [[Rao (Indian surname)|Rao]] and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |date=1977 |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar |publisher=Simla |language=en }}</ref>

During Mughal rule, while conferring a title on a [[Hindus|Hindu]] chief the word Raja or Rai was added to the name of person. The Mughals seems to have inherited the practice of bestowing titles from the Sultans of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Phul |first=R.K |title=Armies of Great Mughal|pages=198–199}}</ref> The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "[[Rani]]" is used.

During [[British Raj|British Rule]], ''Rai Sahib'' and ''Rai Bahadur'' were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates

Other variations of ''Rai'' are ''Roy'', ''Ray'' and ''Rao''. These are also used as titles by [[Bhumihar]],<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities vol 6|page=471|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=bhumihars+use+thakur+title|author=KS Singh|date=1998 |publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |quote=In Bihar , the Babhan are also known as Bhumihar Brahman . They have titles such as Rai , Singh , Pandey , Tiwari , Chaudhry and Thakur.}}</ref> [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]], [[Kayastha|Kayasthas]] and [[Ahir|Ahirs]]. Rai was the title used by the [[Zamindar|Zamindars]] (landowners) of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] during the colonial rule after the Permanent settlement system introduced in [[Bengal]]-Bihar and the state of [[Benares State|Benaras]].

The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance and prestige as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gazette of India, 1971 |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Rana (title)]]
* [[Babu (title)]]
* [[Rao (Indian surname)]]
* [[Raja]]
* [[Rani]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen – India]
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} }}
*{{cite web|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry|publisher=scci.net.pk|access-date=2015-11-15}}
*{{cite book|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal|author1=Pakistan|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ|access-date=2015-11-15}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Roy}}
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:History of South Asia]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]

Odia people

2025-04-10T08:54:38Z

The coderXE:

{{short description|none}}
{{Redirect|Odias||Odia (disambiguation){{!}}Odia}}
{{pp-move}}

{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Odias
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଲୋକ Odiā Lōka
| native_name_lang = od
| flag =
| image = Odissi in a Group.jpg
| image_caption = Dancers performing [[odissi]]
| population = 40 million
| region1 = {{IND}}
| pop1 = 38,033,000 (2021)
| langs = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| religions = '''Predominantly''': [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] '''Minorities''': {{hlist|[[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]]|[[File:Allah-green.svg|15px]] [[Islam]]
|[[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|12px]] [[Jainism]]|[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|18px]] [[Buddhism]] and others}}
| related_groups = [[Indo-Aryan people ]], [[Bonaz]], [[Sambalpuri]]
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
The '''Odia''' ({{lang|or|ଓଡ଼ିଆ}}), formerly spelled '''Oriya''', are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[ethno-linguistic group]] native to the Indian state of [[Odisha]] who speak the [[Odia language]]. They constitute a majority in the eastern coastal state, with significant minority populations existing in the neighboring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA233|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|isbn=9781598846591|last1=Minahan|first1=James|year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref> Odia is the 9th most spoken language in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-13 |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113211224/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17.html |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref> It was the part of then [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], demand of a separate Province resulting in carving out the [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Orissa Province]].The first linguistic movement started in 1886 and with successful efforts of Madhusudan Das, the Father of Odia nationalism, Odisha became the first state to be created on lingusitic basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-12 |title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) {{!}} Orissa {{!}} Born of linguistic pride |url=https://archive.ph/20131112115802/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110401/jsp/orissa/story_13795031.jsp |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=archive.ph}}</ref> Prior to that, existed the [[Orissa Tributary States]], [[Ganjam District (Madras Presidency)|Ganjam district]] and Parts of the [[Vizagapatam district (Madras Presidency)|Vizagapatam district]] of [[Madras Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Provinces of British India |url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_BrProvinces.htm |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref>

{{Infobox ethnonym|root=ଓଡ଼ିଆ Odiā|person=Odiā|people=Odiā Lōka|language=[[Odia language|Odiā]]|country=[[Odisha]] [[Kalinga (region)|Kalinga]] (hist.)}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of Odisha}}
'''<big>Ancient period</big>'''
[[File:Udaygiri and Khandagiri Cave - 1.jpg|thumb|'''Udaygiri and Khandagiri Cave - 1''']]
According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga [[janapada]] originally comprised the area covered by the [[Puri district|Puri]] and [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] districts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miśra |first=Sudāmā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dua1AAAAIAAJ |title=Janapada State in Ancient India |date=1973 |publisher=Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana |language=en}}</ref>

According to some scriptures ([[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]]), a king Bali, the [[Vairocana]] and the son of Sutapa, had no sons. So, he requested the sage, Dirghatamas, to bless him with sons. The sage is said to have begotten five sons through his wife, the queen Sudesna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patil |first=Rajaram D. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&dq=bali+sudesna&pg=PA46 |title=Cultural History From The Vayu Purana |date=1973 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2085-2 |language=en}}</ref> The princes were named [[Anga#Origin of name|Anga]], [[Vanga kingdom#References in the Mahabharata|Vanga]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]], [[Suhma kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Sumha]] and [[Pundra kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Pundra]].<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Odisha |date=2024-12-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Odisha#cite_note-7500BC-3 |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en}}</ref> The princes later founded kingdoms named after themselves. The prince Vanga founded [[Vanga kingdom]], in the current day region of [[Bangladesh]] and part of [[West Bengal]]. The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Odisha |date=2024-12-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Odisha#cite_note-enHindu-5 |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en}}</ref>

The Mahabharata also mentions Kalinga several more times. Srutayudha, the king of Kalinga, son of [[Varuna]] and river Parnasa, had joined the [[Kaurava]] camp in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. He had been given a divine [[Gada (mace)|mace]] by his father on request of his mother, which protected him as long he wielded it. But, Varuna had warned his son, that using it on a non-combatant will cause the death of the wielder himself. In the frenzy of battle, harried by [[Arjuna]]'s arrows, he made the mistake of launching it at Krishna, Arjuna's charioteer, who was unarmed. The mace bounced off Krishna and killed Srutayudha. The archer who killed [[Krishna]], Jara Savara, and [[Ekalavya]] are said to have belonged to the [[Sabar people]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA97 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&dq=Mahagovinda+Suttanta+kalinga&pg=PA75 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty |date=2006 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-307-0291-9 |language=en}}</ref>

In the 6th century ''sutrakara'' (chronicler), Baudhayana, mentions Kalinga as not yet being influenced by Vedic traditions. He also warns his people from visiting Kalinga (among other kingdoms), saying one who visits it must perform penance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&pg=PA68 |title=Indian Civilization and Culture |date=1998 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-083-2 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 2.jpg|thumb|Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar.]]

===Medieval period===
The [[Shailodbhava dynasty]] ruled the region from the sixth to the eighth century. They built the [[Parashurameshvara Temple]] in the 7th century, which is the oldest known temple in Bhubaneswar. The ruled Odisha from the 8th to the 10th century. They built several Buddhist monasteries and temples, including [[Lalitgiri]], [[Udayagiri, Odisha|Udayagiri]] and [[Baitala Deula]]. The [[Keshari dynasty]] ruled from the 9th to the 12th century. The [[Lingaraj Temple]], [[Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar|Mukteshvara Temple]] and [[Rajarani Temple]] in Bhubaneswar were constructed during the [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Smith |title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC |year=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0793-8 |page=27}}</ref> They were introduced as a new style of architecture in Odisha, and the dynasty's rule shifted from [[Buddhism]] to [[Brahmanism]].{{sfn|Smith|1994|p=26}}
[[File:19s Bengal province map.jpg|thumb|Undivided Odisha and Bihar states.]]

===Modern period ===
Odisha remained an independent regional power until the early 16th century. It was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] under [[Akbar]] in 1568 and was thereafter subject to a succession of Mughal and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule before coming under [[Company rule in India|British control]] in 1803.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/book-by-british-ics-officer-covers----orissa--as-a-whole.html|title=Book by British ICS officer covers 'Orissa' as a whole|website=dailypioneer|author=GYANENENDRA NATH MITRA|date=25 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref>

In 1817, a combination of high taxes, administrative malpractice by the ''[[zamindar]]s'' and dissatisfaction with the new land laws led to a [[Paik Rebellion|revolt against Company rule]] breaking out, which many Odias participated in. The rebels were led by General [[Bakshi Jagabandhu|Jagabandhu Bidyadhara Mohapatra Bhramarbara Raya]].<ref name="Mahmud1994">{{cite book|author=Sayed Jafar Mahmud|title=Pillars of Modern India 1757-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8XPyBqxwX8C&pg=PA10|access-date=10 February 2013|year=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-586-5|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/paika-bidroha-to-be-named-as-1st-war-of-independence/article19909264.ece| title = 'Paika Bidroha' to be named as 1st War of Independence - NATIONAL - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

Under Maratha control, major Odia regions were transferred to the rulers of Bengal that resulted in successive decline of the language over the course of time in vast regions that stretched until today's [[Midnapore district|Midnapore]] district of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sengupta | first=N. | title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI8GQioaoL4C | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8475-530-5 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=January 2023}}

Odisha became a separate province and the first officially recognized language-based state of India in 1936, after the amalgamation of the Odia regions from [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[Madras Presidency]] and [[Chhattisgarh Division]] was successfully executed. 26 Odia [[princely state]]s, including [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Sadheikala-Kharasuan]] in today's [[Jharkhand]], also signed a merger with the newly formed state, while many major Odia-speaking areas were left out due to political incompetence.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsXLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86|title=Language Policy and Education in India: Documents, contexts and debates|isbn=9781134878246|access-date=25 December 2019|last1=Sridhar|first1=M.|last2=Mishra|first2=Sunita|date=5 August 2016|publisher=Routledge }}</ref>

==Communities==
The Odia people are subdivided into several communities such as the [[Utkala Brahmin]], [[Karan (caste)|Karan]], [[Kayastha]], [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]], [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]], [[Komati (caste)|Kumuti]], [[Chasa caste|Chasa]], [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Bhulia]], [[Kansabanik|Kansari]], [[Kuilta]], [[Gudia (caste)|Gudia]], [[Patra (caste)|Patara]], [[Tanti]], [[Teli]], [[Viswakarma (caste)|Badhei]], [[Kamar (caste)|Kamara]], [[Barika (caste)|Barika]], [[Mali (caste)|Mali]], [[Kumhar|Kumbhar]], [[Siyal (caste)|Siyal]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvJ5G17FkOoC&dq=founder+of+sialkot&pg=PA180 |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date=1884 |publisher=Education Society's Press |language=en}}</ref> [[Sundhi]], [[Jalia Kaibarta|Keuta]], [[Dhobi|Dhoba]], [[Bhoi|Bauri]], [[Kandara]], [[Domba]], [[Pano (caste)|Pano]],[[Hadi]].<ref name="BehuraMohanty2005">{{cite book|author1=Nab Kishore Behura|author2=Ramesh P. Mohanty|title=Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6Gz0ZDw7PQC&pg=PA49|year=2005|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-920-3|pages=49–}}</ref>

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Odisha}}
'''<big>Religion</big>'''
[[File:Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) Manuscript LACMA M.71.1.33.jpg|thumb|gita govinda manuscript]]
In its long history, Odisha has had a continuous tradition of [[dharmic religions]] especially [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]]. [[Ashoka]]'s conquest of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga (India)]] made Buddhism a principal religion in the state which led to the establishment of numerous [[Stupas]] and non religion learning centres. During [[Kharavela]]'s reign [[Jainism]] found prominence. However, by the middle of the 9th century CE there was a revival of [[Hinduism]] as attested by numerous temples such as Mukteshwara, Lingaraja, Jagannath and Konark, which were erected starting from the late 7th century CE. Part of the revival in Hinduism was due to [[Adi Shankaracharya]] who proclaimed [[Puri]] to be one of the four holiest places or ''[[Char Dham]]'' for Hinduism. Odisha has, therefore, a syncretic mixture of the three dharmic religions as attested by the fact that the [[Jagannath Temple]] in Puri is considered to be holy by [[Hindus]], Buddhists and [[Hindus|Jains]].

Presently, the majority of people in the state of Odisha are [[Hindus]]. As per the census of 2001, Odisha is the third largest Hindu-populated state (as a percentage of population) in India. However, while Odisha is predominantly Hindu it is not monolithic. There is a rich cultural heritage in the state owing to the Hindu faith. For example, Odisha is home to several Hindu saints. [[Bhima Bhoi|Sant Bhima Bhoi]] was a leader of the [[Mahima Religion|Mahima sect movement]], [[Sarala Dasa]], was the translator of the epic [[Mahabharata]] in Odia, Chaitanya Dasa was a [[Vaishnavism|Buddhistic-Vaishnava]] and writer of the ''Nirguna Mahatmya'', [[Jayadeva]] was the author of the ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' and is recognized by the Sikhs as one of their most important bhagats. Swami Laxmananda Saraswati is a modern-day Hindu saint of [[Adivasi]] heritage.

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|kalinga architecture}}
[[File:700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 111.jpg|thumb|700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 111]]
[[File:Mukteswar Temple Detail.jpg|thumb|Mukteswar Temple (Kalinga Architecture)]]
[[File:Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha.jpg|thumb|Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha]]
[[File:Stone wheel engraved in the 13th century built Konark Sun Temple in Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|Stone wheel engraved in the 13th century built Konark Sun Temple in Orissa, India]]
The '''Kaḷinga architectural style''' is a style of [[Hindu architecture]] which flourished in the ancient [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] previously known as [[Utkal]] and in present eastern Indian state of [[Odisha]]. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with [[Vishnu]], [[Surya]] and [[Shiva]] temples while the third is mainly with [[Chamunda]] and [[Durga]] temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula houses are the [[sanctum sanctorum]] while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.{{Culture of Odisha}}

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Cuisine of Odisha}}
[[File:Chena poda.jpg|thumb|Chena poda a sweet delicacy from Odisha.]]
Seafood and sweets dominate Odia cuisine. Rice is the staple cereal and is eaten throughout the day. Popular Odia dishes are [[rasagolla]], [[rasabali]], [[chhena poda]], [[chhena kheeri]], [[chhena jalebi]], chenna jhilli, [[chhenagaja]], [[khira sagara]], [[Dalma (dish)|dalma]], tanka torani and [[pakhala]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/features/cuisine-of-odisha/|title=Cuisine Of Odisha|website=odishanewsinsight|date=16 November 2019|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/food/odia-delicacies-in-bengalurus-first-ama-odia-bhoji-to-tickle-taste-buds20200112200631/|title=Odia delicacies in Bengaluru's first 'Ama Odia Bhoji' to tickle taste buds|website=aninews|date=12 January 2020|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
{{Main|Festivals of Odisha}}'''<big>Ratha yatra</big>'''
[[File:Rath Yatra Puri 07-11027.jpg|thumb|Rath Yatra festival in Puri ,Odisha.]]
A stunning example of Kalinga architecture is the Jagannath Temple, which was constructed in the twelfth century by King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva. The goddesses Subhadra, Balabhadra, and Lord Jagannath reside in this hallowed shrine. The festival of Ratha Yatra, which draws pilgrims and visitors from all over the world, is closely linked to the history of the Jagannath Temple.
[[File:Puri Rath Yatra by Fergusson.jpg|thumb|Ratha yatra festival in Puri by Fegursson.]]
A wide variety of festivals are celebrated throughout the year; There is a saying in Odia, ‘Baarah maase, terah parba’, that there are 13 festivals in a year. Well known festivals that are popular among the Odia people include the [[Ratha Yatra]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Raja (festival)|Rajo]], [[Maha Shivratri]], [[Kartika Purnima]], [[Dola Purnima]], [[Ganesh Puja]], [[Chandan Yatra]], [[Snana Yatra]], [[Makar Mela]], [[Chhau Festival]], and [[Nuakhai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2018 |title=The tenacious people of Odisha |url=https://telanganatoday.com/tenacious-people-odisha |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405221401/https://telanganatoday.com/tenacious-people-odisha |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=telanganatoday}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Ratha Yatra Praha 2019.jpg|thumb|Lord Jagannath with his siblings.]]
Odisha is one of the most religiously and ethnically homogeneous states in India. More than 94% of the people are followers of Hinduism.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archivedate=25 August 2015}}</ref> Hinduism in Odisha is more significant due to the specific Jagannath culture followed by Odia Hindus due to independent rule of Odia [[Hindu king]]s. Hinduism flourished in the eastern coastal region under patronage of the Hindu kings: arts, literature, maritime trade, vedic rituals were given importance. The practices of the [[Jagannath]] sect is popular in the state and the annual Ratha Yatra in Puri draws pilgrims from across India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenewleam.com/2018/07/lord-jagannaths-rathyatra-as-a-marker-of-odia-identity/|title=Lord Jagannath's Rathyatra as a Marker of Odia Identity|website=thenewleam|date=23 July 2018|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{See also|List of people from Odisha}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}


* {{annotated link |Achyutananda Dasa}}
* {{annotated link |Binayak Acharya}}
* {{annotated link |Afzal-ul Amin}}
* {{annotated link |Subroto Bagchi}}
* {{annotated link |Bhikari Bal}}
* {{annotated link |Hemananda Biswal}}
* {{annotated link |Bhagabat Behera}}
* {{annotated link |Chakradhar Behera}}
* {{annotated link |Chandi Prasad Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Sanatan Mahakud}}
* {{annotated link |Krishna Beura}}
* {{annotated link |Kadambini Mohakud}}
* {{annotated link |Dutee Chand}}
* {{annotated link |Nabakrushna Choudhuri}}
* {{annotated link |Ashok Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhusita Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bidhu Bhusan Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bishwanath Das}}
* {{annotated link |Gopabandhu Das}}
* {{annotated link |Madhusudan Das}}
* {{annotated link |Manoj Das}}
* {{annotated link |Nandita Das}}
* {{annotated link |Prabhat Nalini Das}}
* {{annotated link |Shaktikanta Das}}
* {{annotated link |Anil Dash}}
* {{annotated link |Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo}}
* {{annotated link |Giridhar Gamang}}
* {{annotated link |Hussain Rabi Gandhi}}
* {{annotated link |Biswabhusan Harichandan}}
* {{annotated link |Mehmood Hussain}}
* {{annotated link |Binod Kanungo}}
* {{annotated link |Madhu Sudan Kanungo}}
* {{annotated link |Indrajit Mahanty}}
* {{annotated link |Jayanta Mahapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Harekrushna Mahatab}}
* {{annotated link |Lalit Mansingh}}
* {{annotated link |Chaturbhuj Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Gangadhar Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Kailash Chandra Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Kunja Bihari Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Sadhu Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Atharuddin Mohammed}}
* {{annotated link |Pramod Kumar Mishra}}
* {{annotated link |Sabyasachi Mishra}}
* {{annotated link |Baidyanath Misra}}
* {{annotated link |B. K. Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Dipak Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Ranganath Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Tapan Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Biren Mitra}}
* {{annotated link |Sayeed Mohammed}}
* {{annotated link |Anubhav Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Baisali Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Debashish Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Surendra Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Uttam Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhu Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Kelucharan Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Sona Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Arabinda Muduli}}
* {{annotated link |Droupadi Murmu}}
* {{annotated link |Srabani Nanda}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhuti Bhushan Nayak}}
* {{annotated link |Pragyan Ojha}}
* {{annotated link |Nila Madhab Panda}}
* {{annotated link |Arun K. Pati}}
* {{annotated link |Biju Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Janaki Ballabh Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Jayanti Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Naveen Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Sudarshan Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Sambit Patra}}
* {{annotated link |Devdutt Pattanaik}}
* {{annotated link |Dharmendra Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Manasi Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |S.N. Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Tapan Kumar Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Ramakanta Rath}}
* {{annotated link |Nilamani Routray}}
* {{annotated link |Sarojini Sahoo}}
* {{annotated link |Archita Sahu}}
* {{annotated link |Jairam Samal}}
* {{annotated link |Debasish Samantray}}
* {{annotated link |Biplab Samantray}}
* {{annotated link |Pratap Chandra Sarangi}}
* {{annotated link |Nandini Satpathy}}
* {{annotated link |Fakir Mohan Senapati}}
* {{annotated link |Sadashiva Tripathy}}
* {{annotated link |Bijaya Kumar Sahoo}}


{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Odia diaspora]]
*[[Folk dance forms of Odisha]]
*[[Odia language]]
*[[Arts of Odisha]]
*[[Kalinga architecture]]
*[[Cinema of Odisha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Odia people}}
* [http://www.odisha.gov.in/ Odisha.gov.in]

{{Odisha}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:People from Odisha| ]]

Debu Bose

2025-04-08T15:19:55Z

The coderXE: Content added

{{Short description|Indian actor (1942–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Debu Bose
| image = Debu Bose - Oriya Film Actor.jpg
| caption = Debu Bose in 2013
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1942|12|02}}
| birth_place = [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2018|08|22|1942|12|02}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names = ''Debu Da''
| occupation = Actor, dancer, assistant [[Choreography|choreographer]], playwright
| years_active = 1974–2018
}}
'''Debu Bose''' was an Indian actor born in [[Odisha]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]. Bose made his debut in the film ''Tapasya'' in 1980. The actor has acted in over 120 movies within his career, spanning over four decades.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/aug/23/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-dead-1861715.html|title=Veteran Odia actor Debu Bose dead|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-dies-at-76-1321258-2018-08-23|title=Veteran Odia actor Debu Bose dies at 76|date=August 23, 2018|website=India Today|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born on 2 December 1942 in a [[Kayastha]] family at Odisha during the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orissadiary.com/veteran-ollywood-actor-debu-bose-passed-away/|title=Veteran Ollywood actor Debu Bose passed away|date=23 August 2018|website=OdishaDiary|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> When he was pursuing his college degree in Berhampur, he was a member of Ganjam Kala Parishad. During this period, he had participated in several dance dramas. He had been interested in dance, so Bose took classical dance training under legendary Odissi dancer [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/aug/24/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-no-more-1862054.html|title=Veteran Odia actor Debu Bose no more|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orissapost.com/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-passes-away/|title=Veteran Odia actor Debu Bose passes away|date=23 August 2018|website=Orissa POST|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
Bose started his career as a dancer and assistant choreographer in ''Mana Akasha'', directed by Nitai Palit in 1974.
He had been known for works in films like ''Samay Kheluchhi Chaka Bhaunri'', ''Ki Heba Sua Posile'', ''Pua Moro Kala Thakura'', ''Phula Chandana'', ''Kaberi'', ''Sahari Bagha'' and ''Suna Chadhei''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-no-more-317237|title=Veteran Odia actor Debu Bose died|website=odishatv.in|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> His last film was ''Raasta'', which released in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/veteran-odia-actor-dancer-debu-bose-passes-away-at-75-after-prolonged-illness-5026671.html|title=Veteran Odia actor-dancer Debu Bose passes away at 75 after prolonged illness|date=23 August 2018|website=Firstpost|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/odisha/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-passes-away-at-75/|title=Veteran Odia Actor Debu Bose passes away at 75|date=23 August 2018|website=Odisha News Insight|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>
Bose had been associated with regional theatre group Diganta, he had also directed several plays.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/debu-bose-odia-actor-dead-5320758/|title=Odia actor Debu Bose passes away|date=23 August 2018|website=The Indian Express|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/aug/24/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-no-more-1862054.html|title=Debu Bose about regional play|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

==Death==
While undergoing treatment, Bose died due to cardiac arrest at a private hospital in [[Hyderabad]] on 22 August 2018. This was not the first time he felt illness, he had suffered cardiac arrest on two occasions in the past.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha/veteran-odia-actor-debu-bose-no-more-317237|title=Veteran Odia actor Debu Bose no more|website=odishatv.in|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/Veteran-Indian-actor-Debu-Bose-passes-away|title=Veteran Indian actor Debu Bose passes away|website=Khaleej Times|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>
The Ollywood movie fraternity had expressed its deep condolence in his death and dubbed it as an irreparable loss.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/aug/24/ollywood-loses-its-father-as-veteran-actor-debu-bose-passes-away-1862232.html|title=Ollywood loses its father as veteran actor Debu Bose passes away|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm3433354}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bose, Debu}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

Amitabh Bachchan

2025-04-07T06:23:27Z

The coderXE: Better

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1942)}}
{{pp-blp|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox actor
| module = {{Infobox officeholder | embed = yes
| constituency = [[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| primeminister = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| predecessor = [[Janeshwar Mishra]]
| successor = [[V. P. Singh]]
| term_start = 31 December 1984
| term_end = July 1987
|| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1984–1987)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/535211/unlike-amitabh-wont-quit-politics.html |title=Unlike Amitabh, I won't quit politics: Shatru |date=18 March 2016 |access-date=13 September 2022 |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913083855/https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/535211/unlike-amitabh-wont-quit-politics.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/urmila-to-amitabh-celebs-who-joined-and-then-quit-politics-in-a-short-span-2304979.html| title=Urmila to Amitabh: Celebs Who Joined and Then Quit Politics in a Short Span| date=14 May 2023| access-date=14 May 2023| archive-date=1 December 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201015311/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/movies/urmila-to-amitabh-celebs-who-joined-and-then-quit-politics-in-a-short-span-2304979.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
| name = Amitabh Bachchan
| image = Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan.jpg
| caption = Bachchan in 2018
| birth_name = Amitabh Srivastava<ref name="N18Kbc">{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/in-latest-episode-of-kbc-amitabh-bachchan-reveals-he-was-never-named-inquilab-2959868.html |title=In Latest Episode of KBC, Amitabh Bachchan Reveals He was Never Named Inquilab |access-date=26 July 2021 |date=13 October 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726074040/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/in-latest-episode-of-kbc-amitabh-bachchan-reveals-he-was-never-named-inquilab-2959868.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1942|10|11}}
| birth_place = [[Allahabad]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| other_names = {{hlist|''Angry Young Man''|''Mahanayak''|''Shahenshah''|''Big B''}}
| alma_mater = [[Kirori Mal College]], [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Alumni meet at Kirori Mal College|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/Alumni-meet-at-Kirori-Mal-College/articleshow/5615636.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 February 2010|access-date=23 May 2014|archive-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710211112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/Alumni-meet-at-Kirori-Mal-College/articleshow/5615636.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/delhi-university-kirori-mal-college-hostel-amitabh-bachchan-bsc-read-here-du-history/articleshow/92466073.cms | title=किरोड़ीमल कॉलेज हॉस्टल का कमरा नंबर-66, दीवार पर टंगी बिग बी की तस्वीर... डीयू का इतिहास |access-date=13 September 2022 | archive-date=13 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913073040/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/delhi-university-kirori-mal-college-hostel-amitabh-bachchan-bsc-read-here-du-history/articleshow/92466073.cms | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/10-bollywood-stars-who-passed-out-from-du-306417-2016-02-17%26ved%3D2ahUKEwj44Nm1nZH6AhXQR2wGHeFIDLk4ChAWegQIBRAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw2ArnWWIc3N2qbnMjlQUjGe | title=10 bollywood celebrities who graduated from DU | date=17 February 2016 | access-date=13 September 2022 | archive-date=13 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913073053/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/10-bollywood-stars-who-passed-out-from-du-306417-2016-02-17%26ved%3D2ahUKEwj44Nm1nZH6AhXQR2wGHeFIDLk4ChAWegQIBRAB%26usg%3DAOvVaw2ArnWWIc3N2qbnMjlQUjGe | url-status=live }}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer|television presenter}}
| years_active = 1969–present
| known_for =
| works = [[Amitabh Bachchan filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jaya Bachchan|Jaya Bhaduri]]|1973}}
| children = {{ubl|[[Shweta Bachchan Nanda]]|[[Abhishek Bachchan]]}}
| father = [[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]]
| mother = [[Teji Bachchan]]
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] (daughter-in-law)|[[Nikhil Nanda]] (son-in-law)}}
| family = See [[Bachchan family]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Amitabh Bachchan|Full list]]
| honours = {{plainlist|
* [[Padma Shri]] (1984)
* [[Padma Bhushan]] (2001)
* [[Legion of Honour]] (2007)
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2015)
* [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] (2018)
}}
| website = [http://srbachchan.tumblr.com/ Official blog]
| signature = Amitabhbachchanji signature.svg
}}

'''Amitabh Bachchan'''{{efn|{{IPA|hi|əmɪˈt̪ɑːbʱ ˈbətːʃən|pron|audio=Amitabh_Bachchan.ogg}}}} ({{né|'''Srivastava'''}};<ref name="N18Kbc" /> 11 October 1942<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-amitabh-bachchan-on-70th-birthday/20121007.htm |title=Amitabh Bachchan: No resolutions for my birthday |last=Dedhia |first=Sonil |date=7 October 2012 |website=Rediff |access-date=9 October 2019 |quote=On October 2, the superstar took time out to give interviews to the media, as celebrations for his 70th birthday on October 11[, 2012,] started picking up |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009072531/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-amitabh-bachchan-on-70th-birthday/20121007.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>) is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi cinema]]. He is often considered one of the greatest, most accomplished and commercially successful actors in the [[Cinema of India|history of Indian cinema]].<ref name="AB1">* {{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Meet the biggest movie star in the world |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/amitabh-bachchan-the-biggest-film-star-in-the-world-10034826.html/ |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=9 February 2015 |date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210093650/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/amitabh-bachchan-the-biggest-film-star-in-the-world-10034826.html |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |title=Why Amitabh Bachchan is more than a superstar |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-19893525 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=11 October 2012 |date=11 October 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014013931/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-19893525 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |last=Wajihuddin |first=Mohammed |title=Egypt's Amitabh Bachchan mania |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-02/india/27839664_1_bachchan-fan-mania-indians |access-date=22 November 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501071157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-02/india/27839664_1_bachchan-fan-mania-indians |archive-date=1 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news |last=Jatras |first=Todd |title=India's Celebrity Film Stars |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html |work=[[Forbes]] |access-date=22 November 2011 |date=9 March 2001 |archive-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220031815/http://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |title=Bachchan Receives Lifetime Achievement Award at DIFF |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/newsmakers/2009/November/newsmakers_November64.xml&section=newsmakers&col= |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |access-date=24 November 2011 |date=25 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602182846/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data%2Fnewsmakers%2F2009%2FNovember%2Fnewsmakers_November64.xml&section=newsmakers&col= |archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> With a cinematic career spanning over five decades, he has played in over [[Amitabh Bachchan filmography|200 films]]. Bachchan is often hailed as the ''[[King of Kings|Shahenshah]]'' of [[Bollywood]], Sadi Ke Mahanayak (translated as "Greatest actor of the century" in Hindi), Star of the Millennium, or simply Big B.<ref name="AB4">* {{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan at 73: An ode to the undisputed 'Shahenshah' of Bollywood |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=11 October 2015 |date=11 October 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028155451/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/ |url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |title=Rajinikanth reveres Amitabh Bachchan as the 'Emperor of Indian Cinema'! |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/rajinikanth-reveres-amitabh-bachchan-as-the-emperor-of-indian-cinema-hindi-news-144373.html/ |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=10 October 2015 |date=10 October 2015 |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506041550/http://www.indiaglitz.com/rajinikanth-reveres-amitabh-bachchan-as-the-emperor-of-indian-cinema-hindi-news-144373.html |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |title=Delhi's date with Big B at Adda on Friday |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/delhis-date-with-big-b-at-adda-on-friday/ |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=27 September 2012 |date=27 September 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133104/http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/delhis-date-with-big-b-at-adda-on-friday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> His dominance in the Indian film industry during the 1970s–80s led the French director [[François Truffaut]] to describe it as a "one-man industry".<ref>{{cite web |last= |date=1 November 2017 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: The Man and The Legend |url=https://diplomacybeyond.com/amitabh-bachchan-man-legend/ |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2021 |website=Diplomacy & Beyond |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024164542/https://diplomacybeyond.com/amitabh-bachchan-man-legend/ |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> He is a recipient of several accolades including six [[National Film Awards]] and sixteen [[Filmfare Awards]].

Amitabh Bachchan was born in 1942 in [[Allahabad]] (now Prayagraj) to the Hindi poet [[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] and his wife, the social activist [[Teji Bachchan]]. He was educated at [[Sherwood College]], [[Nainital]], and [[Kirori Mal College]], [[University of Delhi]]. His film career started in 1969 as a voice narrator in [[Mrinal Sen]]'s film ''[[Bhuvan Shome]]''. He first gained popularity in the early-1970s for films, such as ''[[Anand (1971 film)|Anand]]'', ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' and ''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]'', and achieved [[Movie star|greater stardom]] in later years, being dubbed India's "Angry Young Man" for several of his on-screen roles in [[Hindi]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ianslife.in/entertainment/kbc-13-big-b-shares-what-anand-did-him|title=On 'KBC 13', Big B shares what 'Anand' did for him|date=29 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Revisiting Prakash Mehra's Zanjeer: The film that made Amitabh Bachchan|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/revisiting-prakash-mehra-zanjeer-the-film-that-made-amitabh-bachchan-4714064/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=20 June 2017}}</ref> He consistently starred in top–grossing Indian films from the mid-1970s to the 1980s, such as ''[[Deewaar]]'', ''[[Sholay]]'', ''[[Kabhi Kabhie]]'', ''[[Hera Pheri (1976 film)|Hera Pheri]]'', ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'', ''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]'', ''[[Kasme Vaade]]'', ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'', ''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]'', ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]'', ''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]'', ''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]'', ''[[Naseeb (1981 film)|Naseeb]]'', ''[[Laawaris (1981 film)|Laawaris]]'', ''[[Namak Halaal]]'', ''[[Andhaa Kaanoon]]'', ''[[Coolie (1983 Hindi film)|Coolie]]'', ''[[Sharaabi]]'' and ''[[Mard (1985 film)|Mard]]'',<ref name=bo25y>{{cite web|url=https://filminformation.com/featured/flashback-13-october-2023-from-our-issue-dated-17th-october-1998/|title=Blockbusters Of Twenty-Five Years (1973–1997)|date=13 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/opinions-blogs/amitabh-bachchan-legend-and-legacy-523953|title=Amitabh Bachchan: Legend and Legacy|date=10 October 2022}}</ref> as well as some of his most acclaimed performances, include ''[[Namak Haraam]]'', ''[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]'', ''[[Majboor (1974 film)|Majboor]]'', ''[[Mili (1975 film)|Mili]]'', ''[[Chupke Chupke (film)|Chupke Chupke]]'', ''[[Do Anjaane]]'', ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'', ''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]'', ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'', ''[[Yaarana (1981 film)|Yaarana]]'', ''[[Kaalia]]'', ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'', ''[[Aakhree Raasta]]'', ''[[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]]'' and ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/10-must-watch-amitabh-bachchan-movies-44148.html|title=10 Must-Watch Amitabh Bachchan Movies|date=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-never-got-typecast-courtesy-hrishikesh-mukherjee-s-cinema-news-229025|title=Amitabh Bachchan Never Got Typecast, Courtesy Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Cinema|date=11 October 2022}}</ref> After taking a break from acting in the 1990s, his resurgence was marked in 2000 with ''[[Mohabbatein]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=712|title=Mohabbatein – Movie}}</ref> Since then he starred in several successful and acclaimed films like ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]'', ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'', ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'', ''[[Khakee]]'', ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'', ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'', ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'', ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'', ''[[Bhoothnath]]'', ''[[Cheeni Kum]]'', ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'', ''[[Piku]]'', ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'', ''[[Badla (2019 film)|Badla]]'', ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' and ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/amitabh-bachchan-50-best-roles-114114366.html|title=50 Definitive Amitabh Bachchan Performances|date=11 October 2019}}</ref> For ''Piku'', he won his fourth [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], making him the only actor to do so. Bachchan also made an appearance in a Hollywood film, ''[[The Great Gatsby (2013 film)|The Great Gatsby]]'' (2013), in which he played a non-Indian Jewish character.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rapoza |first=Kenneth |date=24 April 2013 |title=Meet The Great Gatsby's New Indian Gangster |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/04/24/the-indian-actor-behind-the-great-gatsby/#77b5eb9d7aef|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822181418/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2013/04/24/the-indian-actor-behind-the-great-gatsby/#77b5eb9d7aef|archive-date=22 August 2016}}</ref>

Bachchan has won [[List of awards and nominations received by Amitabh Bachchan|numerous accolades]] in his career, including record four [[National Film Awards]] in [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] category and many awards at international film festivals and award ceremonies. He has won sixteen [[Filmfare Awards]] and is the most nominated performer in any major acting category at [[Filmfare]] with 34 nominations in [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] and 42 nominations overall. The [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Padma Shri]] in 1984, the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2001, the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2015, and India's highest award in the field of cinema, the [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] in 2018 for his contributions to [[the arts]]. The [[Government of France]] honoured him with its highest civilian honour, Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]], in 2007 for his exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond.

In addition to acting, Bachchan has worked as a playback singer, film producer, and television presenter. He has hosted several seasons of the game show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'', India's version of the game show franchise, ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]''. He also entered politics for a time in the 1980s. Bachchan has also been involved in several [[humanitarian aid|humanitarian works]] and he is a leading [[Celebrity branding|brand endorser]] in India. Beyond the [[Indian subcontinent]], he acquired a large overseas following of the [[South Asian diaspora]], as well as others, in markets including Africa (South Africa, Eastern Africa, and [[Mauritius]]), the Middle East (especially [[Egypt]] and the [[UAE]]), the United Kingdom, Russia, Central Asia, the [[Caribbean]] ([[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], and [[Trinidad and Tobago]]), Oceania ([[Fiji]], Australia, and New Zealand), Canada and the United States.<ref name="AB2">* {{cite book |last=Willis |first=Andrew |title=Film Stars: Hollywood and Beyond |date=2004 |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |isbn=978-0-7190-5645-1 |page=4 |url={{Google books|_2ZXBaDJ6DUC |pages=PA4 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}}}}
* {{cite news |title=As more satellite TV networks target Asia, the picture is one of confusion and uncertainty |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19930930-as-more-satellite-tv-networks-target-asia-the-picture-is-one-of-confusion-and-uncertainty-811618-1993-09-30 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 September 1993 |access-date=22 December 2018 |archive-date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222130920/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19930930-as-more-satellite-tv-networks-target-asia-the-picture-is-one-of-confusion-and-uncertainty-811618-1993-09-30 |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |last1=Sinanan |first1=Anil |title=The Bachchans in TNT: it's dynamite! |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sunday-times-rich-list/profile/article/the-bachchans-in-tnt-its-dynamite-fpkjvxrkw8k |access-date=7 April 2020 |work=[[The Times]] |date=23 July 2008 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407030832/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-bachchans-in-tnt-its-dynamite-fpkjvxrkw8k |url-status=live}}
* {{cite news |title=India's biggest superstar Amitabh Bachchan has no interest in celebrating his 77th birthday |url=https://www.pressreader.com/fiji/the-fiji-times/20191013/282522955227391 |access-date=7 April 2020 |via=PressReader |date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407030832/https://www.pressreader.com/fiji/the-fiji-times/20191013/282522955227391 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bachchan was voted the "greatest star of stage or screen" in the [[BBC]] ''Your Millennium'' online poll in 1999.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/381017.stm |title=ENTERTAINMENT | Bollywood star tops the poll |publisher=BBC News |date=1 July 1999 |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910010951/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/381017.stm |archive-date=10 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2003, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine dubbed Bachchan the "Star of the Millennium".<ref name="Perry">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501031027/int_bachchan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031023004122/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501031027/int_bachchan.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2003 |magazine=Time |title=The Legend |date=27 October 2003 |first=Alex |last=Perry}}</ref>

== Early life and family ==
{{further|Bachchan family}}
Bachchan was born on 11 October 1942 in [[Allahabad]] (now Prayagraj) to Hindi poet [[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] and social activist [[Teji Bachchan]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Masih |first=Archana |date=9 October 2012 |title=Take a tour of Amitabh's home in Allahabad |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-take-a-tour-of-amitabhs-home-in-allahabad/20121009.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=14 February 2014 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224222316/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-take-a-tour-of-amitabhs-home-in-allahabad/20121009.htm%20 |url-status=live}}</ref> Harivansh Rai Bachchan was an [[Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha|Awadhi Kayastha]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sreemita |title=I am proud of my surname: Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-proud-of-my-surname-Amitabh-Bachchan/articleshow/9393354.cms |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=28 July 2011 |archive-date=13 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013050650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-proud-of-my-surname-Amitabh-Bachchan/articleshow/9393354.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> who was fluent in [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]],<ref name="sikh">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5Z9_ysSgW8C |title=Bollywood Cinema: Temples of Desire |last=Mishra |first=Vijay |date=2002 |page=131 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-93014-7}}</ref> [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name="West-Pavlov">{{cite book |last=West-Pavlov |first=Russell |title=The Global South and Literature |date=2018 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-24631-6 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMdJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167}}</ref> Harivansh's ancestors came from a village called [[Babupatti]], in the Raniganj tehsil, in the [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]], in the present-day state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jaya inaugurates library in memory of Harivansh Rai Bachchan |website=OneIndia.com |publisher=Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/03/05/jaya-inaugurates-library-in-memory-of-harivansh-rai-bachchan-1141626344.html |access-date=18 November 2015 |date=6 March 2006 |archive-date=19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119051930/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/03/05/jaya-inaugurates-library-in-memory-of-harivansh-rai-bachchan-1141626344.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Teji Bachchan was a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[Sikh]] [[Khatri]] from [[Faisalabad|Lyallpur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Faisalabad]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan).<ref name="sikh" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan remembers 'most beautiful woman' mother on her birthday |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/amitabh-bachchan-remembers-most-beautiful-woman-mother-on-her-birthday/articleshow/40115335.cms |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=The Economic Times |date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429032403/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/amitabh-bachchan-remembers-most-beautiful-woman-mother-on-her-birthday/articleshow/40115335.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Bachchan has a younger brother, Ajitabh, who is five years younger than him.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWquGT2c6DkC&pg=PA327 |page=327 |title=In the Afternoon of Time: An Autobiography |author=[[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2001 |isbn=0-14-027663-7}}</ref>

Bachchan's parents were initially going to name him ''Inquilaab'' ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] for "Revolution"), inspired by the phrase ''[[Inquilab Zindabad]]'' ("Long live the revolution") popularly used during the [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] struggle; the name ''Amitabh'' was suggested to his father by poet [[Sumitranandan Pant]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Amitabh-was-initially-named-Inquilaab/articleshow/15889267.cms |title=Amitabh was initially named Inquilaab |work=The Times of India |date=28 August 2012 |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813134240/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/Amitabh-was-initially-named-Inquilaab/articleshow/15889267.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="N18Kbc" /> Although his surname was [[Srivastava]], Amitabh's father, who opposed the [[Indian caste system|caste system]], had adopted the pen name Bachchan ("child-like" in colloquial Hindi), under which he published all of his works.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-proud-of-my-surname-Amitabh-Bachchan/articleshow/9393354.cms |date=28 July 2011 |access-date=26 July 2017 |title=I am proud of my surname Amitabh Bachchan |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830194021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-am-proud-of-my-surname-Amitabh-Bachchan/articleshow/9393354.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> When his father was looking to get him admitted to a school, he and Bachchan's mother decided the family's name should be Bachchan instead of Shrivastava.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-got-his-surname-bacause-of-caste-system-1.65525580 |title=Amitabh Bachchan got his surname bacause of caste system |website=gulfnews.com |date=30 July 2019 |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002091321/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-got-his-surname-bacause-of-caste-system-1.65525580 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is with this last name that Amitabh debuted in films and used for all other practical purposes, Bachchan has become the surname for all of his immediate family.<ref>{{cite book |title=In The Afternoon Time |last=Bachchan |first=Harivansh Rai |publisher=Viking Pr |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-670-88158-1}}</ref> Bachchan's father died in 2003, and his mother in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Teji Bachchan passes away |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=2078579f-853d-48ae-b826-eeee479169e2&ParentID=d5c75cbf-62a5-49eb-a016-0cf71383854b&&Headline=Big+B's+mother+Teji+Bachchan+is+no+more |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225061509/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=2078579f-853d-48ae-b826-eeee479169e2&ParentID=d5c75cbf-62a5-49eb-a016-0cf71383854b&&Headline=Big+B%27s+mother+Teji+Bachchan+is+no+more |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2007 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |author=Khan, Alifiya |access-date=10 February 2011}}</ref>

Bachchan's secondary education was at [[Boys' High School & College (Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)|Boys' High School & College]] in Allahabad and [[Sherwood College]] in [[Nainital]]. He attended [[Kirori Mal College]] at the [[University of Delhi]] in Delhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Amitabh Bachchan's journey to the top|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Amitabh+Bachchan%27s+journey+to+the+top/1/65773.html|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=10 October 2009|access-date=23 May 2014|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011115047/https://www.indiatoday.in/headlines-today-top-stories/story/amitabh-bachchans-journey-to-the-top-58283-2009-10-10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bachchan@77 – 'Big B was a boxer when he was Chhota B' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bachchan-77-big-b-was-a-boxer-when-he-was-chhota-b/story-IhMWG9vPh7cq2DMZV6sR0N.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 October 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225021631/https://m.hindustantimes.com/cities/bachchan-77-big-b-was-a-boxer-when-he-was-chhota-b/story-IhMWG9vPh7cq2DMZV6sR0N_amp.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Kirori Mal College in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |title=किरोड़ीमल कॉलेज हॉस्टल का कमरा नंबर-66, दीवार पर टंगी बिग बी की तस्वीर... डीयू का इतिहास |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/delhi-university-kirori-mal-college-hostel-amitabh-bachchan-bsc-read-here-du-history/articleshow/92466073.cms |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913073040/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/other-news/delhi-university-kirori-mal-college-hostel-amitabh-bachchan-bsc-read-here-du-history/articleshow/92466073.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 September 2022 |title=KBC 14: जब BSc लेकर पछताए थे अमिताभ बच्चन, नहीं याद रहते थे त्रिकोणमिति के फॉर्मूले, सुनाया मजेदार किस्सा |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/amitabh-bachchan-took-bsc-difficult-to-learn-trigonometry-formula-kbc-14-komal-gupta-50-lakh-tmovk-1529627-2022-09-02 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912232412/https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/amitabh-bachchan-took-bsc-difficult-to-learn-trigonometry-formula-kbc-14-komal-gupta-50-lakh-tmovk-1529627-2022-09-02 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=10 bollywood celebrities who graduated from DU |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/10-bollywood-stars-who-passed-out-from-du-306417-2016-02-17 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=India Today |date=17 February 2016 |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913115932/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/10-bollywood-stars-who-passed-out-from-du-306417-2016-02-17 |url-status=live}}</ref> When Bachchan finished his studies, his father approached [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], the founder of [[Prithvi Theatre]] and patriarch of the [[Kapoor family|Kapoor acting family]], to see if there was an opening for him, but Kapoor offered no encouragement.<ref name= page412>{{cite book |page=312 |title=In the Afternoon of Time: An Autobiography |author=[[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2001 |url={{GBurl|id=aWquGT2c6DkC|p=312}} |isbn=0-14-027663-7}}</ref> Bachchan was a friend of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] and [[Sanjay Gandhi]], before he became an actor. He used to spend time with them when he was a resident in New Delhi. Bachchan's family were very close to the [[Nehru-Gandhi family]] of politicians. When [[Sonia Gandhi]] first came to India from Italy before her marriage, Bachchan had received her at the [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Palam International Airport]] on 13 January 1968. She spent 48 days at Bachchan's house with his parents before her wedding to Rajiv.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kidwai |first=Rasheed |date=11 October 2018 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Rajiv Gandhi and a tale of two families |url=https://news.abplive.com/blog/amitabh-bachchan-rajiv-gandhi-and-a-tale-of-two-families-766548 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=news.abplive.com |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913081231/https://news.abplive.com/blog/amitabh-bachchan-rajiv-gandhi-and-a-tale-of-two-families-766548 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the late 1960s, Bachchan applied to be a newsreader for [[All India Radio]] in Delhi, but "failed the audition".<ref name="page412" /><ref>{{cite news |title=When Ameen Sayani refused audition to Amitabh Bachchan thrice, asked him to take appointment: 'I would have been on streets' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/when-ameen-sayani-refused-audition-to-amitabh-bachchan-thrice-asked-him-to-take-appointment-9172743/ |work=The Indian Express |date=21 February 2024 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> He became a business executive for ''Bird & Company'' in [[Kolkata]] (Calcutta),<ref name="page412" /> {{When|date=September 2022}} and worked in [[Play (theatre)|theatre]] before starting his film career.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amitabh-Bachchan |encyclopedia=britannica.com |title=Amitabh Bachchan |access-date=16 December 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214212940/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amitabh-Bachchan |url-status=live}}</ref> It is thought that his mother might have had some influence on his choice of career, for she always insisted that he should "take centre stage".<ref>{{cite book |page=9 |title=My Life: Amitabh Bachchan |author= |publisher=General Press |url=https://www.amazon.de/dp/B07ZFMJ34R |date=22 October 2019 |isbn=978-9389440737 }}</ref>{{According to whom|date=September 2022}}

== Acting career ==
{{further|Amitabh Bachchan filmography}}

=== Early career (1969–1972) ===
Bachchan made his film debut in 1969, as a voice narrator in [[Mrinal Sen]]'s [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|National Award]]–winning film ''[[Bhuvan Shome]]''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Suresh Kohli |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3428922.ece |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205112700/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3428922.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2013 |title=Arts / Cinema: Bhuvan Shome (1969) |work=The Hindu |date=17 May 2012 |access-date=11 December 2012 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> His first acting role was as one of the seven protagonists in the film ''[[Saat Hindustani]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/852519/before-stardom-amitabh-bachchans-drudge-years-are-a-study-in-perseverance-and-persona-building |title=Before stardom: Amitabh Bachchan's drudge years are a study in perseverance and persona building |first=Nandini |last=Ramnath |website=Scroll.in |date=8 October 2017 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=21 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821085713/https://scroll.in/reel/852519/before-stardom-amitabh-bachchans-drudge-years-are-a-study-in-perseverance-and-persona-building |url-status=live}}</ref> directed by [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]] and featuring [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Anwar Ali (actor)|Anwar Ali]] (brother of comedian [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]]), [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] and [[Jalal Agha]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Avijit Ghosh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Big-Bs-debut-film-hit-the-screens-40-yrs-ago-today/articleshow/5206070.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615185810/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-07/india/28085479_1_amitabh-bachchan-saat-hindustani-malayalam-actor |url-status=live |archive-date=15 June 2013 |title=Big B's debut film hit the screens 40 yrs ago, today |access-date=11 December 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 November 2009}}</ref><ref name="First national award">{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/09amitabh.htm |title=I felt I did a good job in Black |work=Rediff.com |date=9 August 2007 |access-date=24 March 2012 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525045308/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/09amitabh.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Anand (1971 film)|Anand]]'' (1971) followed, in which Bachchan starred alongside [[Rajesh Khanna]]. His role as a doctor with a cynical view of life garnered Bachchan his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. He then played his first antagonist role as an infatuated lover-turned-murderer in ''[[Parwana (1971 film)|Parwana]]'' (1971). Following Parwana were several films, including ''[[Reshma Aur Shera]]'' (1971). During this time, he made a guest appearance in the film ''[[Guddi (1971 film)|Guddi]]'' which starred his future wife [[Jaya Bachchan|Jaya Bhaduri]]. He narrated part of the film ''[[Bawarchi]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rammesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=azlpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141 |title=Human Cinema: The Films of Hrishikesh Mukherjee |date=17 August 2018 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64324-955-1}}</ref> In 1972, he made an appearance in the road action comedy ''[[Bombay to Goa (1972 film)|Bombay to Goa]]'' directed by [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|S. Ramanathan]] which was moderately successful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=178&catName=MTk3Mg== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012163932/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=178&catName=MTk3Mg== |archive-date=12 October 2012 |title=Box Office 1972 |publisher=Box Office India |date=12 October 2012 |access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> Many of Bachchan's films during this early period did not do well.<ref name=iconic1>{{cite web |title=80 iconic performances 1/10 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/details.php?id=950 |date=1 June 2010 |access-date=29 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118035457/http://www.filmfare.com/details.php?id=950 |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> His only film with [[Mala Sinha]], ''[[Sanjog (1972 film)|Sanjog]]'' (1972) was also a box office failure.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lokapally |first1=Vijay |title=Sanjog (1972) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Sanjog-1972/article16926488.ece |access-date=14 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=22 December 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224230427/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Sanjog-1972/article16926488.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Rise to prominence (1973–1974) ===
Bachchan was struggling, seen as a "failed newcomer" who, by the age of 30, had only two successes (as a lead in ''Bombay to Goa'' and a supporting role in ''Anand'').<ref>{{cite news |title=Rajesh Khanna didn't charge a penny for Anand; earned 10 times his remuneration through distribution: Historian Dilip Thakur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/rajesh-khanna-didnt-charge-a-penny-for-anand-earned-10-times-his-remuneration-through-distribution-9544282/ |work=The Indian Express |date=1 September 2024 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> Bachchan was then discovered by screenwriter duo [[Salim–Javed]], consisting of [[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]].<ref name="indianexpress2">{{cite news |title=Revisiting Prakash Mehra's Zanjeer: The film that made Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/revisiting-prakash-mehra-zanjeer-the-film-that-made-amitabh-bachchan-4714064/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 June 2017 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033352/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/revisiting-prakash-mehra-zanjeer-the-film-that-made-amitabh-bachchan-4714064/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Salim Khan wrote the story, screenplay and script of ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973), and conceived the "angry young man" persona of the lead role. Javed Akhtar came on board as co-writer,<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news |title=Why Salim Khan was angry with Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Why-Salim-Khan-was-angry-with-Amitabh-Bachchan/articleshow/27245793.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 December 2013 |access-date=27 November 2017 |archive-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102180945/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Why-Salim-Khan-was-angry-with-Amitabh-Bachchan/articleshow/27245793.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Prakash Mehra]], who saw the script as potentially groundbreaking, as the film's director. However, they were struggling to find an actor for the lead "angry young man" role; it was turned down by several actors, owing to it going against the "romantic hero" image dominant in the industry at the time.<ref name="indianexpress2" /> Salim-Javed "saw his talent, which most makers didn't. He was exceptional, a genius actor who was in films that weren't good."<ref name="hindustantimes">{{cite news |title=Deewaar was the perfect script: Amitabh Bachchan on 42 years of the cult film |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deewaar-was-the-perfect-script-amitabh-bachchan-on-42-years-of-the-cult-film/story-x2hy87zQ0ebVlsVMV59U2I.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 January 2017 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030549/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deewaar-was-the-perfect-script-amitabh-bachchan-on-42-years-of-the-cult-film/story-x2hy87zQ0ebVlsVMV59U2I.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Salim Khan, they "strongly felt that Amitabh was the ideal casting for ''Zanjeer''".<ref name="indianexpress2" /> Salim Khan introduced Bachchan to Prakash Mehra,<ref name="timesofindia" /> and Salim-Javed insisted that Bachchan be cast for the role.<ref name="indianexpress2" />

''Zanjeer'' was a [[crime film]] with violent action,<ref name="indianexpress2" /> in sharp contrast to the [[Romance film|romantically themed films]] that had generally preceded it, and it established Amitabh in a new persona—the "angry young man" of Bollywood.<ref name=angryyoungman>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1945451.stm |title=Film legend promotes Bollywood |publisher=BBC News |date=23 April 2002 |access-date=15 January 2010 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324060409/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1945451.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> He earned his first [[Filmfare Award]] nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]], with ''[[Filmfare]]'' later considering this one of the most iconic performances in Bollywood history.<ref name=iconic1 /> The film was a blockbuster and one of the [[List of Hindi films of 1973|highest-grossing films of that year]], breaking Bachchan's dry spell at the box office and making him a star.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/zanjeer50-film-that-ushered-in-the-angry-young-man-532575/|title='Zanjeer'@50: Film that ushered in the angry young man|date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top Actors |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219165002/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-date=19 February 2008 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Box Office India}}</ref> It was the first of many collaborations between Salim-Javed and Amitabh; the duo wrote many of their subsequent scripts with Bachchan in mind for the lead role, and insisted on him being cast for their later films.<ref name="hindustantimes" /> Salim Khan also introduced Bachchan to director [[Manmohan Desai]] with whom he formed a long and successful association, alongside Prakash Mehra and [[Yash Chopra]].<ref name="timesofindia" />

Eventually, Bachchan became one of the most successful leading men of the film industry. His portrayal of the wronged hero fighting a crooked system and circumstances of deprivation in films like ''Zanjeer'', ''Deewaar'', [[Trishul (film)|''Trishul'']], ''[[Kaala Patthar]]'' and ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' resonated with the masses of the time, especially the youth who harboured a simmering discontent owing to social ills such as poverty, [[hunger]], unemployment, corruption, [[social inequality]] and the brutal excesses of [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]]. This led to Bachchan being dubbed as the "angry young man", a journalistic catchphrase that became a metaphor for the dormant rage, frustration, restlessness, sense of [[rebellion]] and [[anti-establishment]] disposition of an entire generation, prevalent in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/10614647 |title=The 'Angry Young Man' of 'Zanjeer': From Osborne to Bachchan |first=Maanvi |last=Narcisa |website=Academia |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404051610/https://www.academia.edu/10614647 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19893525 |title=Why Amitabh Bachchan is more than a superstar |date=11 October 2012 |access-date=21 July 2018 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925035704/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19893525 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281116060 |title=Writing the Angry Young Man: Salim-Javed's screenplays for Amitabh Bachchan |first=Claus |last=Tieber |date=21 August 2015 |access-date=21 July 2018 |via=ResearchGate |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011115044/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281116060_Writing_the_Angry_Young_Man_Salim-Javed%27s_screenplays_for_Amitabh_Bachchan |url-status=live }}</ref>

The year 1973 was also when he married Jaya, and around this time they appeared in several films together: not only ''Zanjeer'' but also subsequent films such as ''[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|Abhimaan]]'', which was released around the same time after their wedding and was also successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=24 March 2023|title=Abhimaan: A Bollywood marital drama that's relevant even after 50 years|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-64813501|newspaper=BBC News|date=16 March 2023}}</ref> Later, he played the role of Vikram, once again along with [[Rajesh Khanna]], in the film ''[[Namak Haraam]]'', a social drama directed by [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] and addressing themes of friendship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The common man's film maker |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/aug/27/the-common-mans-film-maker-510849.html |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express |date=27 August 2013 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302043833/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/aug/27/The-common-mans-film-maker-510849.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The film proved to be a superhit and Bachchan won his second [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]] for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The common man's film maker |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/aug/27/the-common-mans-film-maker-510849.html |access-date=16 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express |date=27 August 2013 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302043833/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2013/aug/27/The-common-mans-film-maker-510849.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1974/101 |title=Filmfare Awards Winners 1974: Complete list of winners of Filmfare Awards 1974 |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011115045/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/1974/101 |url-status=live}}</ref> The flow of successes continued for Bachchan in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/manoj-kumar-recalls-special-memories-of-life-with-amitabh-bachchan-in-roti-kapda-aur-makaan-715676|title=Manoj Kumar recalls 'special memories of life' with Amitabh Bachchan in 'Roti, Kapda Aur Makaan'|date=30 June 2021}}</ref> He began the year with a guest appearance in [[Dulal Guha]]'s blockbuster social drama film ''[[Dost (1974 film)|Dost]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rewind – Greatest Indian Film Sholay Is 43 Years Old |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4183|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> After this, he starred in Aravind Sen's drama film ''[[Kasauti]]'' and [[Narendra Bedi]]'s [[Crime film|crime thriller]] ''[[Benaam (1974 film)|Benaam]]'', both of which ended up as moderate commercial successes. Bachchan's next release was [[Manoj Kumar]]'s fourth directional venture ''[[Roti Kapada Aur Makaan]]''.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jcLihj0Yzi0C&pg=PA12 |title=India of My Dreams |isbn=9788171886890 |access-date=25 January 2022 |last1=Kumar |first1=Surendra |last2=Kapur |first2=Pradeep Kumar |year=2008|publisher=Academic Foundation}}</ref> The film opened to excellent response all over the country, eventually taking top spot at the box office that year and emerging an ''All Time Blockbuster'' as well as Bachchan's biggest upto that point of time.<ref name="SK"/> Before the end of year, he delivered a hit in [[Ravi Tandon]]'s crime thriller ''[[Majboor (1974 film)|Majboor]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/majboor|title=Majboor (1974)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Written by Salim-Javed, it also had [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] and [[Parveen Babi]] in the lead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/majboor-1974/article5071757.ece|title=Majboor (1974)|newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 August 2013 }}</ref>

=== Superstardom (1975–1988) ===

In 1975, Bachchan starred in a variety of film genres, from the comedy ''[[Chupke Chupke (film)|Chupke Chupke]]'' and the crime drama ''[[Faraar (1975 film)|Faraar]]'' to the romantic drama ''[[Mili (1975 film)|Mili]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/hrishikesh-mukherjee-chupke-chupke-subtle-antidote-to-angry-young-man-era-7915586/|title=Hrishikesh Mukherjee's Chupke Chupke was the subtle antidote to the 'angry young man' era; a balance we have forgotten today|date=14 May 2022}}</ref> This was also the year in which he starred in two films regarded as important in [[Hindi cinema]] history, both written by Salim-Javed, who again insisted on casting Bachchan.<ref name="hindustantimes" /> The first was ''Deewaar'', directed by Yash Chopra, where he worked with [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Parveen Babi]], and [[Neetu Singh]]. The film emerged a blockbuster at the box office and earned him another Filmfare nomination for Best Actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=8751|title=Jigra v Vicky Vidya Ka Woh Wala Video: First Week Circuit Comparison|date=20 October 2024}}</ref> Indiatimes ranks ''Deewaar'' among the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films''.<ref name="mustsee" /> The other, released on 15 August 1975, was ''[[Sholay]]'', which became the [[List of highest-grossing films in India|highest-grossing film ever in India]] at the time,<ref name=boxoffice>{{cite web |title=Sholay |url=http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Sholay |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630155123/http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Sholay |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2012 |publisher=International Business Overview Standard |access-date=6 December 2007}}</ref> in which Bachchan played the role of Jaidev. ''Deewaar'' and ''Sholay'' are often credited with exalting Bachchan to the heights of superstardom, two years after he became a star with ''Zanjeer'', and consolidating his domination of the industry throughout the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/sholay.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102025542/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/sholay.html |archive-date=2 January 2015 |title=Top Actor |date=2 January 2015 |access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191201/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-date=29 October 2013 |title=Box Office 1983 |publisher=Box Office India |date=29 October 2013 |access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> In 1999, [[BBC]] India declared ''Sholay'' the "Film of the Millennium" and, like ''Deewaar'', it has been cited by ''Indiatimes Movies'' as among the ''Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films''.<ref name="mustsee">{{cite news |author=Kanwar, Rachna |title=25 Must See Bollywood Movies |date=3 October 2005 |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-10.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015033756/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837%2Ccurpg-10.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2007 |publisher=Indiatimes movies |access-date=6 December 2007}}</ref> In that same year, the judges of the 50th annual Filmfare Awards awarded it with the special distinction award called the Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years.

[[File:Amitabh Bachchan and Dharmendra in 2016.jpg|thumb| Bachchan and [[Dharmendra]] starrer ''Sholay'' (1975) recorded an estimated {{INR}}15-18 crore footfalls, making it the highest grossing Indian film in terms of audience attendance to date.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Indicine |date=15 August 2015 |title=AskIndicine: Live QnA starts at 4:30PM |url=https://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/askindicine-live-qna-starts-at-430pm/ |access-date=9 September 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>]]
In 1976, he was cast by [[Yash Chopra]] in the [[Romantic film|romantic musical]] ''[[Kabhi Kabhie (1976 film)|Kabhi Kabhie]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Yash Chopra King of Romance|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?keyword=bollywood&ID=282619&subcatg=&nid=282619|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129171228/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?keyword=bollywood&ID=282619&subcatg=&nid=282619|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2013|access-date=28 October 2012|newspaper=NDTV|date=22 October 2012}}</ref> Bachchan starred as a young poet, Amit Malhotra, who falls deeply in love with a beautiful young girl named Pooja ([[Rakhee Gulzar]]) who ends up marrying someone else ([[Shashi Kapoor]]). The film was notable for portraying Bachchan as a romantic hero, a far cry from his "angry young man" roles like ''Zanjeer'' and ''Deewaar''. Despite its heavy theme, ''Kabhi Kabhie'' went on to become a superhit.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rewind - Sixty Years Of Dharmendra|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6104|work=Box Office India|language=en|date=24 November 2020|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712182139/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6104|url-status=live}}</ref> Its soundtrack composed by [[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Khayyam]] and lyrics written by [[Sahir Ludhianvi]] dominated the year-end annual list of [[Binaca Geetmala]] and was one of the best-selling Hindi film albums of the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 1970-1979|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042855/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 | archive-date=5 February 2010 }}</ref> Bachchan was again nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award for his role in the film. That same year, he played a double role in another hit ''[[Adalat (1976 film)|Adalat]]'' as father and son. In 1977, he won his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Best Actor Award]] for his performance in ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'', in which he played the third lead opposite [[Vinod Khanna]] and [[Rishi Kapoor]] as Anthony Gonsalves. The film was the highest-grossing film of that year. His other major hits that year include ''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]'' and ''[[Khoon Pasina]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/recentpost/flashback-1977-trade-informa-2531|title=Flashback 1977 - Trade Guide Classification|date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

He once again resumed double roles in films such as ''[[Kasme Vaade]]'' (1978) as Amit and Shankar and ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'' (1978) playing the characters of [[Don (character)|Don]], a leader of an underworld gang and his look-alike Vijay. His performance won him his second Filmfare Best Actor Award. He also gave towering performances in Yash Chopra's [[Trishul (film)|'' Trishul'']] and Prakash Mehra's ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]'' both of which earned him further Filmfare Best Actor nominations. 1978 is arguably considered his most successful year at the box office since all of his six releases in the same year, namely ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]'', ''[[Trishul (film)|Trishul]]'', ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]'', ''[[Kasme Vaade]]'', ''[[Ganga Ki Saugandh]]'' and ''[[Besharam (1978 film)|Besharam]]'' were box office successes, with the former three being the consecutive highest-grossing films of the year, a rare feat in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2012 |title=Boxofficeindia.com |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=184&catName=MTk3OA== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012163917/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=184&catName=MTk3OA== |archive-date=12 October 2012 |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=BoxOfficeIndia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/oct/11box.htm |title=rediff.com, Movies: The Towering Inferno: Amitabh Bachchan |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041241/http://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/oct/11box.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1979, Bachchan starred in ''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]'' which was the highest-earning film of that year.<ref name="SK">{{citation|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3464|title=Shashi Kapoor Passes Away|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 December 2017}}</ref> In the same year, he also enjoyed critical acclaim and commercial success with films like ''[[Jurmana (1979 film)|Jurmana]]'', ''[[Mr. Natwarlal]]'' and ''[[Kaala Patthar]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=5005&nCat=|title=Legendary Director Yash Chopra Passes Away|date=22 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121054713/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/npages.php?page=shownews&articleid=5005&nCat= |archive-date=21 November 2013 }}</ref> He was required to use his singing voice for the first time in a song from the film ''Mr. Natwarlal'' in which he starred with [[Rekha]]. Bachchan's performance in the film saw him nominated for both the Filmfare Award for Best Actor and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer]]. He also received a Best Actor nomination for ''Kaala Patthar'' and then went on to be nominated again in 1980 for the [[Raj Khosla]] directed superhit film ''[[Dostana (1980 film)|Dostana]]'', in which he starred opposite [[Shatrughan Sinha]] and [[Zeenat Aman]].<ref name="Diwali">{{cite news|url= https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4407 |title= The Biggest Diwali BLOCKBUSTERS Of All Time |publisher= boxofficeindia.com |date=7 November 2018 |access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> His other releases of 1980, ''[[Do Aur Do Paanch]]'' and ''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]'' underperformed with the latter ending its run with average numbers owing to huge costs, but [[Vijay Anand (filmmaker)|Vijay Anand]]'s ''[[Ram Balram]]'' alongside Dharmendra was a box office hit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4467|title=2.0 - Among The Biggest Films Ever Made In India|date=27 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/when-zeenat-aman-and-rekha-signed-their-only-collaboration-to-date-8597010.html|title=When Zeenat Aman And Rekha Signed Their Only Collaboration To Date|date=29 September 2023|website=News18}}</ref>
This changed in 1981 with back-to-back huge blockbusters in ''[[Naseeb (1981 film)|Naseeb]]'' and ''[[Laawaris (1981 film)|Laawaris]]'', both of which were among the top 5 [[List of Hindi films of 1981|highest-grossing films of 1981]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rewind - Forty Years Of Historic Blockbuster KRANTI |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=6155 |access-date=13 February 2021 |publisher=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
Bachchan also had two hits, ''[[Yaarana (1981 film)|Yaarana]]'' and ''[[Kaalia]]'' and a moderately successful venture ''[[Barsaat Ki Ek Raat]]'' the same year and received praise for his performance in Yash Chopra's [[Romance film|romantic drama]] ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'', which attracted considerable attention from the media when it was in production due to its casting. Although the film did not do well commercially, it gained cult status in later years and is considered one of Chopra's best works ever.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5792|title=Akshay Kumar Has A Historic Year|date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema//article59817441.ece |title=Yash, he can! |last=Udasi |first=Harshikaa |date=3 October 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 March 2022 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326091209/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema//article59817441.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sunday">{{Cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.22939/page/n495/mode/2up?q=Silsila&view=theater |title=The making of Silsila |date=16 August 1981 |magazine=Sunday |pages=44–45 |volume=9 |issue=9 |access-date=26 March 2022 }}</ref>

In 1982, he played double roles in the musical ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'' and action [[drama film|drama]]'' [[Desh Premee]]'' which succeeded at the box office along with highly successful ventures like action [[comedy film|comedy]] ''[[Namak Halaal]]'', action [[drama film|drama]] ''[[Khud-Daar]]'' and the critically acclaimed films ''[[Shakti (1982 film)|Shakti]]'' and ''[[Bemisal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=5659|title=Top Comedy Nett Grossers - Housefull 4 Tops|date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=From the India Today archives (1984) - Bollywood's big budget survivors|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-india-today-archives-1984-bollywood-s-big-budget-survivors-1994476-2022-08-30|date=30 August 2022}}</ref> On 26 July 1982, while filming a fight scene with co-actor [[Puneet Issar]] for ''[[Coolie (1983 Hindi film)|Coolie]]'', Bachchan had a near-fatal intestinal injury.<ref name="Coolie fight scene">{{cite web |work=Rediff.com |title=Bachchan injured whilst shooting scene |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/11amit.htm |access-date=11 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304103635/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/11amit.htm |archive-date=4 March 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bachchan was performing his stunts in the film and one scene required him to fall onto a table and then on the ground. However, as he jumped towards the table, the corner of the table struck his abdomen, resulting in a [[Splenic injury|splenic rupture]] from which he lost a significant amount of blood. He required an emergency [[splenectomy]] and remained critically ill in the hospital for many months, at times close to death. There were long queues of well-wishing fans outside the hospital where he was recuperating; the public response included prayers in places of worship and offers to sacrifice limbs to save him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Amitabh-Bachchan-no-longer-excited-about-birthdays/Article1-463669.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616100713/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Amitabh-Bachchan-no-longer-excited-about-birthdays/Article1-463669.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan no longer excited about birthdays |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 October 2009 |access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref> Nevertheless, he resumed filming later that year after a long period of recuperation. The director, [[Manmohan Desai]], altered the ending of ''Coolie'': Bachchan's character was originally intended to have been killed off; but, after the change of script, the character lived in the end. Desai felt it would have been inappropriate for the man who had just fended off death in real life to be killed on screen. The footage of the fight scene is frozen at the critical moment, and a caption appears onscreen marking it as the instant of the actor's injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=250266&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=250266 |title=30 years after the Coolie accident: Big B's "second birthday" |publisher=Movies.ndtv.com |date=2 August 2012 |access-date=11 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129170555/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=250266&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=250266 |archive-date=29 January 2013}}</ref> The film was released in 1983, and partly due to the huge publicity of Bachchan's accident, it emerged an ''All Time Blockbuster'' and top-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3904|title=Infinity War Dominates – 102 Not Out Slow Start|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> He then played a triple role in [[S. Ramanathan (film director)|S. Ramanathan]]'s action drama ''[[Mahaan (1983 film)|Mahaan]]'', which proved to be a flop.<ref name="TG1983"/> Other releases that year, ''[[Nastik (1983 film)|Nastik]]'' and ''[[Pukar (1983 film)|Pukar]]'' were average fares, but ''[[Andhaa Kaanoon]]'' (in which he had a small role) was a blockbuster.<ref name="TG1983">{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Trade-Guide-1983-Classification.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1983)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4612 |title=2018 Has High Number Of Blockbusters |date=9 January 2019 |access-date=16 January 2024 |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116170928/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4612 |url-status=live}}</ref> During a stint in politics from 1984 to 1987, five of his completed films were released, out of which four emerged major successes, these were - Manmohan Desai's [[Action (fiction)|action]] film [[Mard (1985 film)|''Mard'']] (1985), which proved to be a massive blockbuster, followed by superhits, ''[[Sharaabi]]'' (1984) and ''[[Geraftaar]]'' (1985) and a hit film ''[[Aakhree Raasta]]'' (1986).<ref name="Diwali"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/Film-Information-1984-Classifica.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1984)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-Classifications-1986-1.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1986)}}</ref> After his stint in politics ended, Bachchan returned to films in 1988, playing the title role in [[Tinnu Anand]]'s [[Vigilante film|vigilante action]] film ''[[Shahenshah (1988 film)|Shahenshah]]'', which opened to bumper response all over the nation and emerged a huge hit as well as the [[List of Hindi films of 1988|second highest-grossing film of the year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-1988-Classifications-Page1.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1988)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Simran |last=Bhargava |title=Amitabh Bachchan makes spectacular come-back with Shahenshah |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19880315-amitabh-bachchan-makes-spectacular-come-back-with-shahenshah-797041-1988-03-15 |access-date=17 August 2020 |work=India Today |date=15 March 1988}}</ref>

=== Health issues ===
He was later diagnosed with [[Myasthenia gravis]]. The illness weakened him both mentally and physically. At this time he became pessimistic, expressing concern with how a new film would be received, and stating before every release, "Yeh film to flop hogi!" ("This film will flop").<ref name="Myasthenia Gravis">{{cite web |publisher=mouthshut.com |title=Reviews on: To Be or Not To Be Amitabh Bachchan |author=Mohamed, Khalid |url=http://www.mouthshut.com/review/To_Be_or_Not_To_Be_Amitabh_Bachchan_-_Khalid_Mohamed-72513-1.html |access-date=11 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050901155545/http://www.mouthshut.com/review/To_Be_or_Not_To_Be_Amitabh_Bachchan_-_Khalid_Mohamed-72513-1.html |archive-date=1 September 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Career fluctuations, sabbatical, business ventures and acting comeback (1989–1999) ===
After the success of his comeback film however, Bachchan's star power began to wane as his subsequent releases like ''[[Gangaa Jamunaa Saraswati]]'' (1988), ''[[Jaadugar (1989 film)|Jaadugar]]'', ''[[Toofan (1989 film)|Toofan]]'' and ''[[Main Azaad Hoon]]'' (all released in 1989) did not do well commercially.<ref>{{cite news |title='A simple man who narrated great stories' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/a-simple-man-who-narrated-great-stories/cid/625140 |access-date=26 November 2020 |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)]] |date=19 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/ampstories/web-stories/7-biggest-flops-of-amitabh-bachchan|title=7 Biggest Flops Of Amitabh Bachchan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/143885-director-tinnu-anand-main-azaad-hoon-javed-akhtar-copied-hollywood-film-amitabh-bachchan.html|title=Tinnu Anand says Javed Akhtar lied & copied 2 Hollywood films as Amitabh's Main Azaad Hoon|date=7 September 2023}}</ref> He did gain success during this period with superhits in [[K.C. Bokadia]]'s [[Crime film|crime drama]] film ''[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]'' (1990) and [[Mukul Anand]]'s [[Masala film|masala]] film ''[[Hum (film)|Hum]]'' (1991), but this momentum was short-lived and his string of box office failures continued with ''[[Ajooba]]'', ''[[Indrajeet]]'' and ''[[Akayla]]''.<ref name="SRK"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/bobbytalk/adminpanel/imagetemp/TG-1991-Classifications-P1.jpg|title=Trade Guide Classification (1991)}}</ref> Notably, despite a decline in number of hits, it was during this era that Bachchan won his first [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] for his performance as a Mafia don in the [[cult following|cult]] film ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'' (1990).<ref name="1991award">{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm38thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=38NFA.pdf |title=Award for the Best Actor |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=30 July 2011 |page=26|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326034004/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm38thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=38NFA.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2012 }}</ref>
After the release of Mukul Anand's moderately successful, but critically acclaimed 1992 epic film ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'', Bachchan announced his semi retirement from the film industry. With the exception of the delayed release ''[[Insaniyat (1994 film)|Insaniyat]]'' (1994), Bachchan did not appear in any films for five years.<ref name="SRK">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7570|title=Shahrukh Khan PASSES Where Amitabh Bachchan And Dilip Kumar Did Not|date=15 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=When Amitabh Bachchan Quit Acting And Wasn't Sure About Returning To Films |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/when-amitabh-bachchan-quit-acting-and-wasnt-sure-about-returning-to-films-6439315.html |work=News18 |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref>

He turned producer during his temporary retirement period, setting up [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]], Ltd. (ABCL) in 1996. ABCL's strategy was to introduce products and services covering an entire cross-section of India's entertainment industry. ABCL's operations were mainstream commercial film production and distribution, audio cassettes and video discs, production and marketing of television software, and celebrity and event management.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bemoneyaware.com/blog/amitabh-bachchan-from-bankruptcy-to-crorepati |title=Amitabh Bachchan – from bankruptcy to crorepati |date=10 September 2011 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011234411/https://www.bemoneyaware.com/blog/amitabh-bachchan-from-bankruptcy-to-crorepati |url-status=live }}</ref> Soon after the company was launched in 1996, the first film it produced was ''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]'', which was a box office hit<ref>{{cite web |title=Tere Mere Sapne – Movie |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2732 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref> and launched the careers of actors like [[Arshad Warsi]] and southern film star [[Simran (actress)|Simran]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/business/1999/apr/26abcl.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT Business News: Businessman Bachchan braves a bad patch as ABCL falls sick |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715074014/https://www.rediff.com/business/1999/apr/26abcl.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1997, Bachchan attempted to make his acting comeback with the film ''[[Mrityudata]]'', produced by ABCL. Though ''Mrityudaata'' attempted to reprise Bachchan's earlier success as an action hero, the film was a failure both financially and critically.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/collapse-of-mrityudaata-diminishes-amitabh-bachchans-godlike-status/1/275854.html |title=Collapse of Mrityudaata diminishes Amitabh Bachchan's godlike status |website=India Today |date=31 May 1997 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903220429/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/collapse-of-mrityudaata-diminishes-amitabh-bachchans-godlike-status/1/275854.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3038|title=Tubelight Aftermath - The Director At Fault|date=29 June 2017}}</ref> ABCL was the main sponsor of the ''[[Miss World 1996|1996 Miss World beauty pageant]]'', [[Bangalore]], but lost millions. The fiasco and the consequent legal battles surrounding ABCL and various entities after the event, coupled with the fact that ABCL was reported to have overpaid most of its top-level managers, eventually led to its financial and operational collapse in 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/after-dream-venture-abcl-go-bankrupt-amitabh-bachchan-faces-legal-battle-with-creditors/1/253830.html |title=After dream venture ABCL go bankrupt, Amitabh Bachchan faces legal battle with creditors |website=India Today |date=26 April 1999 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229162326/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/after-dream-venture-abcl-go-bankrupt-amitabh-bachchan-faces-legal-battle-with-creditors/1/253830.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.rediff.com/money/1999/apr/26abcl.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT Business News: Businessman Bachchan braves a bad patch as ABCL falls sick |work=Rediff.com |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041151/http://m.rediff.com/money/1999/apr/26abcl.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The company went into administration and was later declared a failed company by the Indian Industries board. The Bombay High Court, in April 1999, restrained Bachchan from selling off his Bombay [[bungalow]] 'Prateeksha' and two flats until the pending loan recovery cases of [[Canara Bank]] were disposed of. Bachchan had, however, pleaded that he had mortgaged his bungalow to raise funds for his company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010304/spectrum/main1.htm |title=Muqaddar Ka Sikandar |author=Patil, Vimla |date=4 March 2001 |access-date=16 May 2007 |archive-date=1 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201142907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010304/spectrum/main1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Bachchan attempted to revive his acting career, and eventually had commercial success with ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'' (1998) and ''[[Major Saab]]'' (1998), and received positive reviews for ''[[Sooryavansham]]'' (1999), but other films such as ''[[Lal Baadshah]]'' (1999) and ''[[Kohram]]'' (1999) were box office failures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2556 |title=Major Saab – Movie |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=31 August 2018 |archive-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827230924/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2556 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/22soo.htm |author=Taliculam, Sharmila |title=He's back! |access-date=16 May 2007 |archive-date=31 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831141658/http://in.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/22soo.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/jan/03box.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT, Movies: A look at the year gone by |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2 April 2020 |archive-date=8 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108083140/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/jan/03box.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kohram – Movie – Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2387 |website=boxofficeindia.com |access-date=1 June 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516021701/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2387 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Return to success (2000–present) ===
In 2000, Bachchan appeared in [[Aditya Chopra]]'s romantic blockbuster ''[[Mohabbatein]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohabbatein |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=712 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319204419/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=712 |archive-date=19 March 2021 |access-date=23 March 2021 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> He played a stern, elder figure who rivalled the character of [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Somaaya |first=Bhawana |date=18 October 1999 |title=Three decades of triumphs |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/DFB48B3C5A7071E765256940004E87EB?OpenDocument |url-status=live |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427191415/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/DFB48B3C5A7071E765256940004E87EB?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2008}}</ref> His role won him his third [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/filmfare-awards-winners/bollywood/2001/101|title=Filmfare Awards (2001)|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Other hits followed, with Bachchan appearing as an older family patriarch in ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love]]'' (2001), ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]'' (2001) and ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' (2003). As an actor, he continued to perform in a range of characters, receiving critical praise for his performances in ''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]'' (2001), ''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'' (2002), ''[[Kaante]]'' (2002), ''[[Khakee]]'' (2004), ''[[Dev (2004 film)|Dev]]'' (2004) and ''[[Veer-Zaara]]'' (2004). His performance in ''Aks'' won him his first [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners From 1953 to 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=filmfare.com}}</ref>

One project that did particularly well for Bachchan was [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' (2005). The film starred Bachchan as an ageing teacher of a deaf-blind girl and followed their relationship. His performance was unanimously praised by critics and audiences and won him his second National Film Award for Best Actor, his fourth [[Filmfare]] Best Actor Award, and his second Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Taking advantage of this resurgence, Amitabh began endorsing a variety of products and services, appearing in many television and billboard advertisements. In 2005 and 2006, he starred with his son Abhishek in the films ''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005), the ''[[The Godfather|Godfather]]'' adaptation ''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2005), and ''[[Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna]]'' (2006). All of them were successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=390|title=Bunty Aur Babli (2005)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sarkar – Movie |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=396 |website=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="BOI gross">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=364|title = Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna – Movie – Box Office India}}</ref> His later releases in 2006 and early 2007 were ''[[Baabul (2006 film)|Baabul]]'' (2006),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg== |title=Films fail at the BO |publisher=Box Office India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818140640/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212 |archive-date=18 August 2013}}</ref> ''[[Ekalavya]]'' (2007) and ''[[Nishabd]]'' (2007), which failed to do well at the box office but his performances in each of them were praised by critics.<ref name="Bachchan's films fail at the box office">{{cite web |work=Bollywood Hungama |author=Adarsh, Taran |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/top5/326.html |title=Top 5: 'Nishabd', 'N.P.D.' are disasters |access-date=26 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114110548/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/top5/326.html |archive-date=14 January 2009}}</ref>

In May 2007, two of his films, the romantic comedy ''[[Cheeni Kum]]'' and the multi-starrer action drama ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]'', were released. ''Shootout at Lokhandwala'' did well at the box office and was declared a hit in India, while ''Cheeni Kum'' picked up after a slow start and was declared a semi-hit by the end of its theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=225 |title=Shootout at Lokhandwala – Movie |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041157/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=225 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115223235/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214&catName=MjAwNw== |archive-date=15 January 2013 |title=Box Office 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=347&cityid=1&area=domestic |title=Cheeni Kum – Movie – |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041152/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=347&cityid=1&area=domestic |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="udxlrh">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214 |title=Box Office 2007 |publisher=Box Office India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109040918/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214 |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> A remake of his biggest hit, ''Sholay'' (1975), entitled ''[[Aag (2007 film)|Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag]]'', released in August of that same year and proved to be a major commercial failure in addition to its poor critical reception.<ref name="udxlrh" /> The year also marked Bachchan's first appearance in an English-language film, [[Rituparno Ghosh]]'s ''[[The Last Lear]]'', co-starring [[Arjun Rampal]] and [[Preity Zinta]]. The film premiered at the [[2007 Toronto International Film Festival]] on 9 September 2007. He received positive reviews from critics who hailed his performance as his best since ''Black''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/09/11/3020 |date=11 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201132528/http://bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/09/11/3020 |archive-date=1 February 2009 |access-date=12 July 2020 |title=This is Amitabh's best performance after Black|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref> Bachchan was slated to play a supporting role in his first international film, ''[[Shantaram (film)|Shantaram]]'', directed by [[Mira Nair]] and starring Hollywood actor [[Johnny Depp]] in the lead. The film was due to begin filming in February 2008 but due to the writer's strike, was pushed to September 2008.<ref name="Hollywood">{{cite web |publisher=ourbollywood.com |title=Amitabh Bachchan to star with Johnny Depp |url=http://www.ourbollywood.com/2007/02/amitabh_bachchan_will_star_opp.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070401195932/http://www.ourbollywood.com/2007/02/amitabh_bachchan_will_star_opp.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 April 2007 |access-date=11 March 2007}}</ref> The film is currently "shelved" indefinitely.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-diary-shantaram-film--lumiere-festival-tom-atkinson-hans-holbein-harold-evans-1819450.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116192639/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-diary-shantaram-film--lumiere-festival-tom-atkinson-hans-holbein-harold-evans-1819450.html |archive-date=16 November 2009 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Underworld tale won't see light of day |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=23 May 2010 |location=London |work=The Independent |first=Arifa |last=Akbar}}</ref>
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan and Yash Chopra in the premiere of Paa.jpg|left|thumb|Amitabh Bachchan and [[Yash Chopra]] in the premiere of [[Paa (film)|Paa]]. Bachchan received his third [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] at the [[57th National Film Awards]] for his performance and his fifth [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] for Paa.]]
[[Vivek Sharma]]'s ''[[Bhoothnath]]'', in which he plays the title role as a ghost, was released on 9 May 2008. ''[[Sarkar Raj]]'', the sequel of the 2005 film ''Sarkar'', released in June 2008 and received a positive response at the box office. ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'', which was released at the end of 2009 was a highly anticipated project as it saw him playing his own son Abhishek's [[Progeria]]-affected 13-year-old son, and it opened to favourable reviews, particularly towards Bachchan's performance and was one of the top-grossing films of 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=2009&pageId=4 |title=Top India Total Nett Gross 2009 – |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041224/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=2009&pageId=4 |url-status=live }}</ref> It won him his third National Film Award for Best Actor and fifth Filmfare Best Actor Award. In 2010, he debuted in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]] through ''[[Kandahar (2010 film)|Kandahar]]'', directed by [[Major Ravi]] and co-starring [[Mohanlal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/interview/2010/jun/08/south-major-ravi-on-kandahar.htm |title=Major Ravi gets ready to shoot Kandahar: Rediff.com Movies |work=Rediff.com |date=8 June 2010 |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-date=24 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924144120/http://movies.rediff.com/interview/2010/jun/08/south-major-ravi-on-kandahar.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was based on the hijacking incident of the [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/56171.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416025433/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/56171.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2010 |title=Big B in 'Kandahaar' along with Sunil Shetty |website=IndiaGlitz.com |date=14 April 2010}}</ref> Bachchan declined any remuneration for this film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-to-forego-fee-for-sharing-screen-with-mohanlal/607690/0 |title=Amitabh to forego fee for sharing screen with Mohanlal |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 April 2010 |access-date=21 December 2010 |archive-date=23 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423152543/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-to-forego-fee-for-sharing-screen-with-mohanlal/607690/0 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011 he played an aged retired former gangster in ''[[Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap]]'' who protects his son [[Sonu Sood]] who is an honest daring police officer from a notorious gangster [[Prakash Raj]] who unknowingly hired the latter to perform a contract killing not knowing that the police officer is the gangster's son.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rediff review|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-bbuddah-hoga-tera-baap/20110701.htm|work=Rediff|access-date=1 July 2011|archive-date=4 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704110156/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-bbuddah-hoga-tera-baap/20110701.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite significant expectations, it had poor returns at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=53|title=Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> [[File:Bachan mohanlal.jpg|thumb|right|Bachchan with [[Mohanlal]]]]
In 2013, he made his Hollywood debut in ''[[The Great Gatsby (2013 film)|The Great Gatsby]]'' making a special appearance opposite [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] and [[Tobey Maguire]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Warner Bros.]]|url=http://thegreatgatsby.warnerbros.com/about-the-film|title=''The Great Gatsby'' – In Theaters May 10| access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> In 2014, he played the role of the friendly ghost in the sequel ''[[Bhoothnath Returns]]''. The next year, he played the role of a grumpy father experiencing chronic constipation in the critically acclaimed ''[[Piku]]'' which was also one of the biggest hits of 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficehits.in/collection/piku-total-collection-lifetime-business-total-worldwide-collection.html |title=Piku Total Collection – Lifetime Business – Total Worldwide Collection – Box Office Hits |date=10 June 2015 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011611/http://www.boxofficehits.in/collection/piku-total-collection-lifetime-business-total-worldwide-collection.html |archive-date=22 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/71357/piku-box-office-collections-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-steady-at-rs-21-18-cr-by-day-2/ |title=Amitabh Bachchan boosts Piku box office collections to over Rs 100 cr, slowly, steadily |date=11 May 2015 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095627/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/71357/piku-box-office-collections-amitabh-bachchan-starrer-steady-at-rs-21-18-cr-by-day-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/piku-13-days-box-office-collection-deepika-amitabh-starrer-grosses-100-crore-worldwide-633076 |title='Piku' 13 Days Box Office Collection: Deepika-Amitabh Starrer Grosses ₹100 Crore Worldwide |first=Ankita |last=Mehta |website=[[International Business Times]] |access-date=21 July 2018 |date=21 May 2015 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722070117/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/piku-13-days-box-office-collection-deepika-amitabh-starrer-grosses-100-crore-worldwide-633076 |url-status=live }}</ref> A review in ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' (DNA) summarised Bachchan's performance as "The heart and soul of Piku clearly belong to Amitabh Bachchan who is in his elements. His performance in Piku, without doubt, finds a place among the top 10 in his illustrious career."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-piku-review-must-watch-for-the-thundering-trio-of-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-and-irrfan-khan-2084192 |title='Piku' Review: Must-watch for the thundering trio of Amitabh Bachchan, Deepika Padukone, and Irrfan Khan |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722101129/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-piku-review-must-watch-for-the-thundering-trio-of-amitabh-bachchan-deepika-padukone-and-irrfan-khan-2084192 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rachel Saltz wrote for ''[[The New York Times]]'', "Piku", an offbeat Hindi comedy, would have you contemplate the intestines and mortality of one Bhashkor Banerji and the actor who plays him, Amitabh Bachchan. Bhashkor's life and conversation may revolve around his constipation and fussy hypochondria, but there's no mistaking the scene-stealing energy that Mr. Bachchan, India's erstwhile Angry Young Man, musters for his new role of Cranky Old Man."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/08/movies/review-in-piku-amitabh-bachchan-plays-a-dad-to-deepika-padukone.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/08/movies/review-in-piku-amitabh-bachchan-plays-a-dad-to-deepika-padukone.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |title=Review: In 'Piku,' Amitabh Bachchan Plays a Dad to Deepika Padukone |newspaper=The New York Times |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=21 July 2018|last1=Saltz |first1=Rachel }}{{cbignore}}</ref> Well known Indian critic Rajeev Masand wrote on his website, "Bachchan is pretty terrific as Bhashkor, who reminds you of that oddball uncle that you nevertheless have a soft spot for. He bickers with the maids, harrows his hapless helper, and expects Piku to stay unmarried so she can attend to him. At one point, to ward off a possible suitor, he casually mentions that his daughter isn't a virgin; that she's financially independent and sexually independent too. Bachchan embraces the character's many [[Idiosyncrasy|idiosyncrasies]], never once slipping into caricature while all along delivering big laughs thanks to his spot-on comic timing."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/poop-dreams/ |title=Poop dreams – Rajeev Masand – movies that matter: from bollywood, hollywood and everywhere else |author=Rockstah Media |website=rajeevmasand.com |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722002821/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/poop-dreams/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' summed up, "Bachchan seizes upon his cranky character part, making Bashkor as garrulously funny in his theories on caste and marriage as his system is backed-up."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/18/piku-review-amitabh-bachchan-lets-it-all-out-in-constipation-comedy |title=Piku review: Amitabh Bachchan lets it all out in constipation comedy |first=Mike |last=McCahill |date=18 May 2015 |website=The Guardian |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041315/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/18/piku-review-amitabh-bachchan-lets-it-all-out-in-constipation-comedy |url-status=live }}</ref> The performance won Bachchan his fourth National Film Award for Best Actor and his third Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor.

[[File:Vijay receiving award from amitabh 2011.jpg|thumb|Bachchan with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]|258x258px|left]]In 2016, he appeared in the women-centric courtroom drama film ''[[Pink (2016 film)|Pink]]'' which was highly praised by critics and with an increasingly good word of mouth, was a resounding success at the domestic and overseas box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/pink-review-amitabh-bachchan-is-still-the-only-boss-around/story-gSCikuuM2WFSvzomGiwB4H.html |title=Pink review: Amitabh Bachchan is still the only boss around |date=15 September 2016 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722070130/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/pink-review-amitabh-bachchan-is-still-the-only-boss-around/story-gSCikuuM2WFSvzomGiwB4H.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/pink-review-by-anupama-chopra-a-tale-of-true-grit-grippingly-told/story-Iiug9rbLpnGDTdgwDzEPJJ.html |title=Pink review by Anupama Chopra: A tale of true grit, grippingly told |date=16 September 2016 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722070106/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/pink-review-by-anupama-chopra-a-tale-of-true-grit-grippingly-told/story-Iiug9rbLpnGDTdgwDzEPJJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/pink-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-aniruddha-roy-chowdhury-taapsee-pannu-341162-2016-09-15 |title=Pink movie review: Amitabh Bachchan's POWERFUL message is unmissable |website=India Today |date=15 September 2016 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041209/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/pink-movie-review-amitabh-bachchan-aniruddha-roy-chowdhury-taapsee-pannu-341162-2016-09-15 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-pink/ |title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Pink |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=17 September 2016 |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011411/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-pink/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bachchan's performance in the film received acclaim. According to Raja Sen of Rediff.com, "Amitabh Bachchan, a retired lawyer with bipolar disorder, takes up cudgels on behalf of the girls, delivering courtroom blows with pugilistic grace. As we know from Prakash Mehra movies, in each life some Bachchan must fall. The girls hang on to him with incredulous desperation, and he bats for them with all he has. At one point Meenal hangs by Bachchan's elbow, words entirely unnecessary. Bachchan towers through Pink – the way he bellows "et cetera" is alone worth having the heavy-hitter at play—but there are softer moments like one where he appears to have dozed off in court, or where he lays his head by his convalescent wife's bedside and needs his hair ruffled and his conviction validated."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-pink-a-film-that-must-be-championed/20160916.htm |title=Review: Pink, a film that must be championed |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011437/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-pink-a-film-that-must-be-championed/20160916.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', noted film critic and author [[Anupama Chopra]] said of Bachchan's performance, "A special salute to Amitabh Bachchan, who imbues his character with a tragic majesty. Bachchan towers in every sense, but without a hint of showboating.<ref name="hindustantimes.com" /> Meena Iyer of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "The performances are pitch-perfect with Bachchan leading the way.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pink/movie-review/54325066.cms|title=Pink Movie Review {4.5/5}: Critic Review of Pink by Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref> Writing for [[NDTV]], Troy Ribeiro of [[Indo-Asian News Service]] (IANS) stated, "Amitabh Bachchan as Deepak Sehgall, the aged defence lawyer, shines as always, in a restrained, but powerful performance. His histrionics come primarily in the form of his well-modulated baritone, conveying his emotions and of course, from the well-written lines."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/pink-movie-review-1317 |title=Pink Movie Review: Amitabh Bachchan Shines As Always – NDTV Movies |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095613/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/pink-movie-review-1317 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mike McCahill of [[The Guardian]] remarked, "Among an electric ensemble, Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari and Andrea Tariang give unwavering voice to the girls' struggles; Amitabh Bachchan brings his moral authority to bear as their sole legal ally.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/sep/15/pink-review-subtle-drama-that-grapples-with-indias-culture |title=Pink review – subtle drama that grapples with India's rape culture |first=Mike |last=McCahill |date=15 September 2016 |website=The Guardian |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041310/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/sep/15/pink-review-subtle-drama-that-grapples-with-indias-culture |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2017, he appeared in the third instalment of the ''Sarkar'' film series: [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s ''[[Sarkar 3]]''. That year, he started filming for the swashbuckling action-adventure film ''[[Thugs of Hindostan]]'' with [[Aamir Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Fatima Sana Shaikh]] which released in November 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2017/05/05/fatima-sana-shaikh-joins-yash-raj-films-thugs-of-hindostan-along-with-amitabh-bachchan-and-aamir-khan |title=Fatima Sana Shaikh Joins Yash Raj Films' Thugs of Hindostan Along with Amitabh Bachchan and Aamir Khan |website=yashrajfilms.com |access-date=11 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220400/https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2017/05/05/fatima-sana-shaikh-joins-yash-raj-films-thugs-of-hindostan-along-with-amitabh-bachchan-and-aamir-khan |archive-date=3 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He co-starred with Rishi Kapoor in ''[[102 Not Out]]'', a [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Umesh Shukla]] based on a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] play of the same name written by [[Saumya Joshi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-teaming-up-with-rishi-kapoor-for-102-not-out-has-been-a-great-joy/articleshow/62848833.cms |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Teaming up with Rishi Kapoor for '102 Not Out' has been a great joy |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725212736/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-teaming-up-with-rishi-kapoor-for-102-not-out-has-been-a-great-joy/articleshow/62848833.cms |archive-date=25 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/sony-pictures-boards-indian-comedy-102-not-out-with-amitabh-bachchan-rishi-kapoor/5126374.article |title=Sony Pictures boards Indian comedy '102 Not Out' with Amitabh Bachchan, Rishi Kapoor |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220221/https://www.screendaily.com/news/sony-pictures-boards-indian-comedy-102-not-out-with-amitabh-bachchan-rishi-kapoor/5126374.article |url-status=live }}</ref> This film released in May 2018 and reunited him with Kapoor onscreen after a gap of 27 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/102-not-out-teaser-amitabh-bachchan-rishi-kapoor-seen-together-on-screen-after-27-years-4343217.html |title=102 Not Out teaser: Amitabh Bachchan, Rishi Kapoor seen together on-screen after 27 years |access-date=21 July 2018 |date=9 February 2018 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220619/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/102-not-out-teaser-amitabh-bachchan-rishi-kapoor-seen-together-on-screen-after-27-years-4343217.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, Bachchan appeared in [[Sujoy Ghosh]]'s [[Thriller film|mystery thriller]] ''[[Badla (2019 film)|Badla]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/badla|title=Badla|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date=3 July 2024}}</ref> The film did a lifetime business of {{INRConvert|1.38|b|year=2019}} worldwide to emerge a box office hit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/badla-3/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title=Badla Box Office|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 March 2019 }}</ref> The following year, he co-starred alongside [[Ayushmann Khurana]] in [[Shoojit Sircar]]'s [[Comedy film|comedy drama]] ''[[Gulabo Sitabo]]'', which won him [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Critics)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title= Winners of the 66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-vimal-elachi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47314.html|publisher= Filmfare|date=28 March 2021|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref> He then collaborated with [[Emraan Hashmi]] for ''[[Chehre]]'' (2021), a critical and commercial failure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chehre Movie (2021)- Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=6139 |website=Box Office India |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>

The next year, Bachchan had five releases, out of which [[Ayan Mukerji]]'s highly anticipated [[Fantasy film|fantasy action-adventure]] film ''[[Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva]]'' proved to be a hit as well as the [[List of Hindi films of 2022|highest-grossing Hindi film of 2022]] while ''[[Jhund]]'', ''[[Runway 34]]'' and ''[[Uunchai]]'' didn't do well at ticket counters, but met with critical acclaim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=7329|title=Brahmastra Final Box Office Collections: India - Overseas - Worldwide|work=Box Office India|date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Saibal|last=Chatterjee|date=3 March 2022|title=Jhund Review: Amitabh Bachchan Stars In Underdog Sports Movie That Is Way More Than That|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/jhund-review-amitabh-bachchan-stars-in-underdog-sports-movie-that-is-way-more-than-that-2800983|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Runway 34 Movie Review : Ajay Devgn's aviation drama lands well within the runway|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/runway-34/movie-review/91149917.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> In 2024, he played [[Ashwatthama]] in [[Nag Ashwin]]'s ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]'', marking his [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] debut.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |author-link=Subhash K. Jha |date=27 November 2020 |title=Amitabh Bachchan will feature in a full length role in Prabhas and Deepika Padukone starrer film |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-will-feature-full-length-role-prabhas-deepika-padukone-starrer-film/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=27 June 2024 |archive-date=8 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608175543/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-will-feature-full-length-role-prabhas-deepika-padukone-starrer-film/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amitabh in Kalki movie |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchans-ashwatthama-in-kalki-2898-ad-is-the-action-hero-we-need-today-101719825746385.html}}</ref> Made on a budget of {{INR|600 crore}}, it opened to positive reception with Bachchan receiving immense praise for his performance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD Movie Review: KALKI 2898 AD delivers a unique experience to audiences. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/critic-review/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627083822/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kalki-2898-ad/critic-review/kalki-2898-ad-movie-review/ |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> At the box office, it grossed more than {{INR|1000 crore}} to emerge a superhit as well as the [[List of Indian films of 2024|second highest-grossing Indian film of 2024]].<ref name="moneycontrol-2024">{{Cite news |date=6 August 2024 |title=Kalki 2898 AD box office collection: Prabhas' sci-fi drama BEATS Shah Rukh Khan's Jawan as it becomes the fourth highest grossing film in India |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collection-prabhas-sci-fi-drama-beats-shah-rukh-khans-jawan-as-it-becomes-the-fourth-highest-grossing-film-in-india-article-12788999.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806145741/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-box-office-collection-prabhas-sci-fi-drama-beats-shah-rukh-khans-jawan-as-it-becomes-the-fourth-highest-grossing-film-in-india-article-12788999.html |archive-date=6 August 2024 |access-date=6 August 2024 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

== Other works ==
[[File:Amitabh Bachchan KBC5 Press.jpg|thumb|upright|Bachchan at KBC-5 Press Meet]]

=== Television appearances ===
In 2000, Bachchan hosted the first season of ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' (''KBC''), the Indian adaptation of the British television game show, ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]''. The show was well received.<ref>{{cite news |last=Saxena |first=Poonam |title=Five crore question: What makes KBC work? |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Five-crore-question-What-makes-KBC-work/Article1-771297.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120104000/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Five-crore-question-What-makes-KBC-work/Article1-771297.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 November 2011 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=24 November 2011 |date=19 November 2011}}</ref> A second season followed in 2005 but its run was cut short by [[Star Plus]] when Bachchan fell ill in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4648470.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=India scraps millionaire TV show |date=25 January 2006 |access-date=7 May 2010 |archive-date=4 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060204185226/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4648470.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> He then returned to host the fourth season, and has hosted the show since.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/amitabh-bachchan-returns-with-kaun-banega-crorepati-15-101690806386382.html|title=Amitabh Bachchan returns with Kaun Banega Crorepati 15, starting Aug 14: 'New Beginning'|date=31 July 2023|access-date=7 August 2023}}</ref>

In 2009, Bachchan hosted the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 3)|third season]] of the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan back on TV with 'Bigg Boss 3' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amitabh-Bachchan-back-on-TV-with-Bigg-Boss-3/articleshow/4973731.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 September 2009 |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-date=26 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526170413/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Amitabh-Bachchan-back-on-TV-with-Bigg-Boss-3/articleshow/4973731.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2010, Bachchan hosted the fourth season of ''KBC''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/news/2010/kbc4-beats-bigg-boss4-131210.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714010039/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/news/2010/kbc4-beats-bigg-boss4-131210.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2012 |title=KBC 4 beats Bigg Boss 4 in its final episode |publisher=One India |access-date=13 March 2011 |date=13 December 2010}}</ref> The fifth season started on 15 August 2011 and ended on 17 November 2011. The show became a massive hit with audiences and broke many TRP Records. CNN IBN awarded Indian of the Year- Entertainment to Team KBC and Bachchan. The Show also grabbed all the major Awards for its category.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TugDAAAAMBAJ&q=kaun+banega+crorepati+tv+show+was+awarded&pg=PA711 |title=The Indian Telly Awards – 'Kaun Banega Crorepati' |date=1 September 2001 |last1=Darpan |first1=Pratiyogita}}</ref>

The sixth season was also hosted by Bachchan, commencing on 7 September 2012, broadcast on [[Sony Pictures Television|Sony TV]] and received the highest number of viewers thus far.{{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}

In 2014, he debuted in the fictional [[Sony Entertainment Television]] TV series titled ''[[Yudh (TV series)|Yudh]]'' playing the lead role of a businessman battling in both his personal and professional lives.<ref name=ix>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/watch-amitabh-bachchan-battles-world-himself-in-tv-show-yudh/ |title=Watch: Amitabh Bachchan battles world, himself in TV show 'Yudh' |date=2 May 2014 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701063027/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/watch-amitabh-bachchan-battles-world-himself-in-tv-show-yudh/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Voice acting ===
Bachchan is known for his deep, baritone voice. He has been a narrator, a playback singer, and a presenter for numerous programmes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-lends-his-voice-to-animated-mahabharat/922732 |title=Amitabh Bachchan lends his voice to animated 'Mahabharat' |work=The Indian Express |date=12 March 2012 |access-date=11 December 2012 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011115048/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-lends-his-voice-to-animated-mahabharat/922732 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some prominent films featuring his narration are [[Satyajit Ray]]'s 1977 film ''[[The Chess Players (film)|Shatranj Ke Khiladi]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.in/news/specials/amitabh/trivia.htm |title=Specials: Amitabh Bachchan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825135241/http://www.hindustantimes.in/news/specials/amitabh/trivia.htm |archive-date=25 August 2007 |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=usurped}}</ref> and [[Ashutosh Gowarikar]]'s 2001 film ''[[Lagaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ashutosh had rejected Big B as Lagaan's narrator |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ashutosh-had-rejected-Big-B-as-Lagaans-narrator/articleshow/8874233.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=The Times of India |date=16 June 2011 |access-date=19 February 2014 |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713192448/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Ashutosh-had-rejected-Big-B-as-Lagaans-narrator/articleshow/8874233.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live }}</ref>

He also has done voice-over work for the following movies:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-to-do-voiceover-for-jodhaa-akbar-1145747 |title=Amitabh to do voiceover for Jodhaa-Akbar |date=17 January 2008 |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306204313/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-to-do-voiceover-for-jodhaa-akbar-1145747 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Sunny |title=Amitabh Bachchan |date=2018 |publisher=British Film Institute |isbn=978-1-84457-631-9 |page=171}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/amitabh-to-do-voiceover-for-jodha-akbar_418706.html |title=Amitabh to do voiceover for Jodhaa-Akbar |date=17 January 2008 |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306202838/http://zeenews.india.com/home/amitabh-to-do-voiceover-for-jodha-akbar_418706.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* ''Bhuvan Shome'' (1969)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arthousecinema.in/2013/02/bhuvan-shome/ |title=Bhuvan Shome 1969 |date=10 February 2013 |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306214435/https://www.arthousecinema.in/2013/02/bhuvan-shome/ |archive-date=6 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Bawarchi]]'' (1972)<ref name=htians />
* ''[[Balika Badhu (1976 film)|Balika Badhu]]'' (1975)<ref name=htians />
* ''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]'' (1996)<ref name=htians />
* ''[[Hello Brother (1999 film)|Hello Brother]]'' (1999){{Citation needed|date=March 2022}}
* ''[[Lagaan]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Parineeta (2005 film)|Parineeta]]'' (2005)<ref name=htians />
* ''[[March of the Penguins]]'' (2005), Indian version<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20061012-1.html |title=Amitabh to get France's highest civilian honour: Bollywood News |publisher=ApunKaChoice.Com |date=12 October 2006 |access-date=14 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310110450/http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20061012-1.html |archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref>
* ''[[Swami (2007 film)|Swami]]'' (2007)<ref name=htians>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Big-B-to-lend-voice-to-Jodhaa-Akbar/Article1-269934.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031192448/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Big-B-to-lend-voice-to-Jodhaa-Akbar/Article1-269934.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 October 2013 |title=Big B to lend voice to Jodhaa Akbar |author=Subhash K Jha |date=17 January 2008 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=IANS}}</ref>
* ''[[Jodhaa Akbar]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Zor Lagaa Ke...Haiya!]]'' (2009)
* ''[[Ra.One]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Kahaani]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Krrish 3]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Mahabharat (2013 film)|Mahabharat]]'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nivas |first=Nandita |date=8 November 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan almost refused a role in Mahabharat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-almost-refused-a-role-in-mahabharat/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=1 July 2023}}</ref>
* ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]] (Hindi Version)'' (2014)
* CBI documentary (2014) – sanctioned by [[Central Bureau of Investigation]]<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2014 |title=Amitabh Bachchan lends his voice to CBI documentary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-cbi-documentary-lends-voice-180443-2014-02-10 |access-date=6 December 2021 |website=India Today |archive-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206101616/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-cbi-documentary-lends-voice-180443-2014-02-10 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[The Ghazi Attack]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Firangi]]'' (2017)

=== Business investments ===
Around 1994, Bachchan started [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation|Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd]] (ABCL), an event management, production and distribution company. But the company fell into debt with a fiasco and went into bankruptcy, subsequently Bachchan became nearly bankrupt. The reasons for this debacle were films that fared poorly at the box office such as ''[[Mrityudata]]'', ''[[Major Saab]]'' (produced by this organisation), and [[Miss World 1996]] which was organised-managed by ABCL. Due to this he began work for TV, and asked for work to [[Yash Chopra]]. Once he said that 'it was the darkest time for him'.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 November 2021 |title=Backstory: When the Amitabh Bachchan magic faded briefly |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/backstory-when-the-amitabh-bachchan-magic-faded-briefly-11380222.htm |access-date=17 September 2022 |website=cnbctv18.com |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170320/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/backstory-when-the-amitabh-bachchan-magic-faded-briefly-11380222.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=8 December 2021 |first=Anindita |last=Mukherjee |title=Abhishek Bachchan reveals he dropped out of college to support dad Amitabh when he was broke |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/abhishek-bachchan-reveals-he-dropped-out-of-college-to-support-dad-amitabh-when-he-was-broke-1885460-2021-12-08 |access-date=17 September 2022 |website=India Today |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171952/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/abhishek-bachchan-reveals-he-dropped-out-of-college-to-support-dad-amitabh-when-he-was-broke-1885460-2021-12-08 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He has invested in many upcoming business ventures. In 2013, he bought a 10% stake in Just Dial from which he made a gain of 4600 per cent. He holds a 3.4% equity in Stampede Capital, a financial technology firm specialising in cloud computing for financial markets. The Bachchan family also bought shares worth $252,000 in Meridian Tech, a consulting company in the U.S. Recently they made their first overseas investment in Ziddu.com, a cloud-based content distribution platform.<ref name="The Times of India" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/actors-turn-investors-bacchans-make-first-ever-overseas-investment-ziddu-com-2254124.html |title=Actors turn investors: Bachchans make first ever overseas investment with Ziddu.com |work=Firstpost |access-date=22 December 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224075741/http://www.firstpost.com/business/actors-turn-investors-bacchans-make-first-ever-overseas-investment-ziddu-com-2254124.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bachchan was named in the [[Panama Papers]] and [[Paradise Papers]], [[Data breach|leaked]] confidential documents relating to [[offshore investment]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tandon |first1=Suneera |title=The Indian superstars of tax haven leaks: Amitabh Bachchan and Vijay Mallya |url=https://qz.com/1121170/from-paradise-papers-to-the-panama-leaks-amitabh-bachchan-and-vijay-mallya-are-never-missing/ |access-date=9 November 2017 |work=[[Quartz India]] |date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107103322/https://qz.com/1121170/from-paradise-papers-to-the-panama-leaks-amitabh-bachchan-and-vijay-mallya-are-never-missing/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Family May Be Summoned in Panama Papers Case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amitabh-bachchans-family-may-be-summoned-in-panama-papers-case-1756057 |access-date=10 November 2017 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=27 September 2017 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111094856/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amitabh-bachchans-family-may-be-summoned-in-panama-papers-case-1756057 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Political career ==
In 1984, Bachchan took a break from acting and briefly entered politics in support of a long-time family friend, [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. He contested the [[Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency|Allahabad]]'s (presently Prayagraj Lok Sabha constituency) seat for the [[8th Lok Sabha]] against [[Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna|H. N. Bahuguna]], former [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]. With 68.2% of the votes in his favour, he won by one of the highest victory margins ever in [[Elections in India|Indian elections]].<ref name=election>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/amitabh/politics.htm |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Stint in Politics |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=5 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109123607/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/amitabh/politics.htm |archive-date=9 January 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1987, ''[[Indian Express]]'' said his brother Ajitabh Bachchan owned an apartment in Switzerland, giving rise to speculations about his involvement in the "[[Bofors scandal]]", revealed in the year before.<ref>{{cite news |last=Patil |first=Vimla |title=The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum – Lead Article |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010304/spectrum/main1.htm |access-date=12 December 2021 |work=www.tribuneindia.com |date=1 March 2004 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212081854/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010304/spectrum/main1.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Bachchan resigned from his seat in July 1987.{{Why|date=September 2022}}<ref>{{cite news |author1=T. N. Ninan |author2=Brij Khindaria |title=Amitabh Bachchan resigns from Lok Sabha, Ajitabh lands in Swiss trouble |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19870815-amitabh-bachchan-resigns-from-lok-sabha-ajitabh-lands-in-swiss-trouble-799845-1987-08-15 |access-date=12 December 2021 |work=India Today |date=15 August 1987 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212080350/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19870815-amitabh-bachchan-resigns-from-lok-sabha-ajitabh-lands-in-swiss-trouble-799845-1987-08-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ajitabh Bachchan sued Swedish newspaper ''[[Dagens Nyheter]]'' for linking him to Bofors payments in 1990 and won damages in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news |last1=De Sarkar |first1=Dipankar |title=Swedish newspaper apologises for naming Ajitabh Bachchan in Bofors case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/19900815-swedish-newspaper-apologises-for-naming-ajitabh-bachchan-in-bofors-case-812887-1990-08-15 |access-date=12 December 2021 |work=India Today |date=15 August 1990 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212080352/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/19900815-swedish-newspaper-apologises-for-naming-ajitabh-bachchan-in-bofors-case-812887-1990-08-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sten Lindstrom, the Swedish police chief who had investigated the case, said in 2012 that "Indian investigators planted the Bachchan angle on" ''Dagens Nyheter''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Makkar |first=Sahil |title=CBI defends its role in investigation |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/LiZNvbjP7WpfnXBEYy0O2J/CBI-defends-its-role-in-investigation.html |access-date=12 December 2021 |work=mint |date=25 April 2012 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212080352/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/LiZNvbjP7WpfnXBEYy0O2J/CBI-defends-its-role-in-investigation.html |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Why|date=September 2022}}

Bachchan's old friend, [[Amar Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Amar Singh]], helped him during the financial crisis caused by the failure of his company, [[Amitabh Bachchan Corporation|ABCL]]. Thereafter Bachchan started supporting the [[Samajwadi Party]], the political party to which Amar Singh belonged. Jaya Bachchan joined the Samajwadi Party and represented the party as an MP in the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930235326/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/18/stories/2007021804271000.htm "Bachchan has no plans for the election."] ''The Hindu''.</ref> Bachchan appeared in advertisements and political campaigns for the party. His claim that he too was a farmer in the advertisements was questioned in court.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iJuYOasTF-bsTo0AQjW96aD2Kr2w |title=Bollywood's Bachchan in trouble over crime claim |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=4 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116120716/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iJuYOasTF-bsTo0AQjW96aD2Kr2w |archive-date=16 January 2008}}</ref>

Bachchan has claimed to have been banned by film press during [[The Emergency (India)|the emergency years]] for his family's friendship with [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Sunny |title=Amitabh Bachchan |date=25 July 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83871-430-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2wj8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT40 |access-date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404171905/https://books.google.com/books?id=2wj8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT40 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Bachchan has been accused of using the slogan "blood for blood" in the context of the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]]. Bachchan has denied the allegation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/world/us-federal-court-summons-amitabh-bachchan-in-an-alleged-human-rights-violation-connects-it-to-the-1984-anti-sikh-riots-969691.html |title=US federal court summons Amitabh Bachchan in an alleged human rights violation; connects it to the 1984 anti-Sikh riots |website=News18 |date=26 February 2015 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011234411/https://www.news18.com/news/world/us-federal-court-summons-amitabh-bachchan-in-an-alleged-human-rights-violation-connects-it-to-the-1984-anti-sikh-riots-969691.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2014, Bachchan was summoned by a court in Los Angeles for "allegedly instigating violence against the Sikh community".<ref>{{cite news |title=US court summons Amitabh Bachchan in connection with 1984 anti-Sikh riots |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150225/entertainment-bollywood/article/us-court-summons-amitabh-bachchan-served-his-hollywood-agent |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=19 January 2018 |archive-date=19 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235830/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150225/entertainment-bollywood/article/us-court-summons-amitabh-bachchan-served-his-hollywood-agent |url-status=live }}</ref> Bachchan in an interview with journalist [[Arnab Goswami]] offered to fight the case in court and asked the accusers to file the same as also present proof.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frankly Speaking with Amitabh Bachchan – Exclusive – Full Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9nWqbZyAEo |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=YouTube | date=30 May 2015 |publisher=[[Times Now]] |archive-date=3 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903182445/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9nWqbZyAEo |url-status=live}}</ref> He was also one of the trustees of the [[Rajiv Gandhi Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news |date=15 July 1991 |title=Rajiv Gandhi Foundation established with Sonia Gandhi as chairperson |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19910715-rajiv-gandhi-foundation-established-with-sonia-gandhi-as-chairperson-814569-1991-07-15 |access-date=3 August 2020 |website=India Today |archive-date=31 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831011722/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19910715-rajiv-gandhi-foundation-established-with-sonia-gandhi-as-chairperson-814569-1991-07-15 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Our Board |url=http://rgfindia.org/our-board-rajiv-gandhi-foundation/ |website=Rajiv Gandhi Foundation |access-date=20 September 2020 |date=9 March 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820202638/http://rgfindia.org/our-board-rajiv-gandhi-foundation/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Humanitarian and social causes ==
Bachchan has been involved with many social causes. For example, he donated {{INR|1.1 million}} to clear the debts of nearly 40 beleaguered farmers in Andhra Pradesh<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Big-Bs-secret-aspect-finally-revealed/articleshow/13107830.cms |title=Big B's secret aspect finally revealed |website=The Times of India |date=13 May 2012 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011234418/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Big-Bs-secret-aspect-finally-revealed/articleshow/13107830.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and {{INR|3 million}} to clear the debts of some 100 [[Vidarbha]] farmers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-amitabh-bachchan-way-or-the-highway/34825/ |title=The Amitabh Bachchan way or the highway – Aditi Prasad – The Sunday Indian |website=thesundayindian.com |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722041218/http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-amitabh-bachchan-way-or-the-highway/34825/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, he donated {{INR|1.1 million}} to [[Resul Pookutty]]'s foundation for a medical centre at Kochi,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-announces-11-lakh-contribution-for-resul-pookutty-s-foundation-1344672 |title=Amitabh Bachchan announces 11 lakh contribution for Resul Pookutty's foundation |date=7 February 2010 |website=DNA India |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220115305/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-announces-11-lakh-contribution-for-resul-pookutty-s-foundation-1344672 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-supports-medical-centre-at-kochi-1344945 |title=Amitabh Bachchan supports medical centre at Kochi |work=dna |date=8 February 2010 |access-date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209135319/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amitabh-bachchan-supports-medical-centre-at-kochi-1344945 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-Saturday-Interview-mdash-Sound-Sense/article15534067.ece |title=The Saturday Interview – Sound Sense |first=Geeta |last=Padmanabhan |newspaper=The Hindu |date=21 January 2011 |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220115305/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/The-Saturday-Interview-mdash-Sound-Sense/article15534067.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> and he has given {{INR|250,000}} ({{US$|{{To USD|250000|IND|year=2012|round=yes}}|long=no}}) to the family of Delhi policeman Subhash Chand Tomar who died after succumbing to injuries during a protest against gang-rape after the [[2012 Delhi gang rape]] case.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/delhi-gangrape/story/amitabh-bachchan-donates-rs-2.5-lakh-to-delhi-constable-subhash-chand-tomars-family-125317-2012-12-26 |title=Delhi gangrape: Amitabh Bachchan donates Rs 2.5 lakh to Delhi Police constable Subhash Chand Tomar's family |date=26 December 2012 |work=India Today |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220115305/https://www.indiatoday.in/delhi-gangrape/story/amitabh-bachchan-donates-rs-2.5-lakh-to-delhi-constable-subhash-chand-tomars-family-125317-2012-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> He founded the Harivansh Rai Bachchan Memorial Trust, named after his father, in 2013. This trust, in association with Urja Foundation, will be powering 3,000 homes in India with electricity through solar energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-opens-memorial-trust-in-fathers-name/1163953/ |title=Amitabh Bachchan opens memorial trust in father's name – Indian Express |website=The Indian Express |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713192502/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-opens-memorial-trust-in-fathers-name/1163953/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renewindians.com/2013/10/amitabh-bachan-plans-to-light-3000-homes-wit-solar-power.html |title=Amitabh Bachan plans to light 3000 homes with Solar Power |website=renewindians.com |access-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417023315/http://www.renewindians.com/2013/10/amitabh-bachan-plans-to-light-3000-homes-wit-solar-power.html |archive-date=17 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In June 2019 he cleared debts of 2100 farmers from Bihar.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 June 2019 |title=Amitabh Bachchan pays off loans of 2,100 Bihar farmers, promises to help kin of Pulwama victims |work=The Times Of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amitabh-bachchan-pays-off-loan-of-2100-farmers-from-bihar/articleshow/69754632.cms |access-date=14 May 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233426/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amitabh-bachchan-pays-off-loan-of-2100-farmers-from-bihar/articleshow/69754632.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Amitabh Bachchan - TeachAIDS Recording Session (19284544383).jpg|300px|thumb|[[TeachAids]] character of ''Bachchan'' (left); Bachchan in a 2013 TeachAids recording session (right)]]
Bachchan was made a [[List of UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors|UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador]] for the [[Poliomyelitis|polio]] eradication campaign in India in 2002 and an international ambassador in 2005 and a [[WHO Goodwill Ambassador]] for awareness of [[hepatitis]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_61032.html |title=Amitabh Bachchan launches new Polio Communication Campaign |date=16 December 2011 |work=UNICEF |access-date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209134820/http://www.unicef.org/media/media_61032.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2011 |title=Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://www.unicef.org/people/people_57365.html |access-date=20 February 2012 |publisher=UNICEF}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bachchan appointed WHO ambassador for hepatitis |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/bachchan-appointed-who-ambassador-for-hepatitis/article18441751.ece |access-date=18 May 2017 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> In 2013, he and his family donated {{INR|2.5 million}} ({{US$|{{To USD|2500000|IND|year=2013|round=yes}}|long=no}}) to a charitable trust, Plan India, that works for the betterment of young girls in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/bachchan-s-charity-side/story-YJgC79hSNoGCJTQHbFb6AJ.html |title=Bachchan's charity side |date=10 February 2013 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=20 December 2019 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220115305/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/bachchan-s-charity-side/story-YJgC79hSNoGCJTQHbFb6AJ.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He also donated {{INR|1.1 million}} ({{US$|{{To USD|1100000|IND|year=2013|round=yes}}|long=no}}) to the Maharashtra Police Welfare Fund in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article530033.ece |title=Maharashtra police keep Big B 'waiting' |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209145912/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/article530033.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Bachchan was the face of the 'Save Our Tigers' campaign that promoted the importance of tiger conservation in India.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/20-reasons-why-we-love-Amitabh-Bachchan/photostory/30948897.cms |title=20 reasons why we love Amitabh Bachchan |work=The Times of India |access-date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210223741/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/20-reasons-why-we-love-Amitabh-Bachchan/photostory/30948897.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> He supported the campaign by [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]] in India to free Sunder, a 14-year-old elephant who was chained and tortured in a temple in Kolhapur, Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amitabh-bachchan-madhuri-dixit-back-free-sunder-campaign-543946 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Madhuri Dixit back 'Free Sunder' campaign |work=NDTV.com |access-date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209192349/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/amitabh-bachchan-madhuri-dixit-back-free-sunder-campaign-543946 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, it was announced that he had recorded his voice and lent his image to the Hindi- and English-language versions of the [[TeachAids]] software, an international [[HIV/AIDS]] prevention education tool developed at [[Stanford University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/amitabh-bachchan-joins-s-f-bay-area-nonprofit-teachaids/article_7db6b21c-7cb3-11e4-acab-5b0e15f111e5.html |title=Amitabh Bachchan Joins S.F. Bay Area Nonprofit TeachAIDS |publisher=India West |access-date=24 June 2015 |archive-date=28 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628014157/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/amitabh-bachchan-joins-s-f-bay-area-nonprofit-teachaids/article_7db6b21c-7cb3-11e4-acab-5b0e15f111e5.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> He has been a vocal "brand ambassador" of the [[Swachh Bharat Mission]] (SBM) and featured in a few advertisements to promote the campaign.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 February 2017 |title=Vidya Balan, Amitabh Bachchan and more: Bollywood bats for a clean India |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vidya-balan-amitabh-bachchan-and-more-bollywood-bats-for-a-clean-india/story-6esXsSLzIXFQnuxjnb0CgO.html |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=9 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109052424/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vidya-balan-amitabh-bachchan-and-more-bollywood-bats-for-a-clean-india/story-6esXsSLzIXFQnuxjnb0CgO.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan as 'Coolie' – Swachh Bharat Mission – YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFKrZxL0F3w |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/LFKrZxL0F3w |archive-date=22 November 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=YouTube| date=15 October 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ad 43 Arash with Amitabh Bachchan as 'Jadugar' Swachh Bharat Mission – YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAvm80eP_zI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/mAvm80eP_zI |archive-date=22 November 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=1 August 2020 |website=YouTube| date=20 October 2016 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 2020, Bachchan was helping the Government of India promote its public health message concerning [[COVID-19]] before he and some members of his family became infected. He was hospitalised with reported mild symptoms of the disease on 11 July.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh Bachchan is recovering from Kovid, know-how Big B's time is passing in Quarantine? |work=abcFRY.com |url=https://abcfry.com/amitabh-bachchan-is-recovering-from-kovid-know-how-big-bs-time-is-passing-in-quarantine/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907063703/https://abcfry.com/amitabh-bachchan-is-recovering-from-kovid-know-how-big-bs-time-is-passing-in-quarantine/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=12 July 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Bollywood star Amitabh Bachchan tests positive |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-53375744 |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714033212/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-53375744 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was discharged from hospital on 2 August.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-53628587 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Bollywood star recovers from Covid-19 |date=2 August 2020 |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802235910/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-53628587 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the pandemic he lent his support by donating [[oxygen concentrator]]s and 250 million rupees in various forms.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 May 2021 |title=Amitabh Bachchan says his personal donation for Covid-19 relief often matches entire fundraisers: 'I didn't ask, I gave' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-says-his-personal-donation-for-covid-19-relief-often-matches-entire-fundraisers-i-didn-t-ask-i-gave-101621141209115.html |access-date=18 September 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172515/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-says-his-personal-donation-for-covid-19-relief-often-matches-entire-fundraisers-i-didn-t-ask-i-gave-101621141209115.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Bachchan family still6.jpg|thumb|right|From left to right – [[Jaya Bachchan]], Amitabh, [[Abhishek Bachchan]], and [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]]|285x285px]]
Bachchan has been married to veteran actress and politician [[Jaya Bachchan|Jaya Bhaduri]] since 3 June 1973, and together they have two children; [[Shweta Bachchan Nanda|Shweta]], an author, journalist and former model and [[Abhishek Bachchan|Abhishek]], an actor and producer. Abhishek married actress [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]], and they have a daughter named Aaradhya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Abhishek Bachchan reveals Aishwarya Rai teaches Aaradhya at home: 'She already has the world's best teacher' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-bachchan-reveals-aishwarya-rai-teaches-aaradhya-at-home-she-already-has-the-world-s-best-teacher-101649910333332.html |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 April 2022 |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510132327/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-bachchan-reveals-aishwarya-rai-teaches-aaradhya-at-home-she-already-has-the-world-s-best-teacher-101649910333332.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Shweta is married to businessman [[Nikhil Nanda]], a grandson of [[Raj Kapoor]] from the [[Kapoor family]] of actors. They have a daughter, Navya Naveli, and a son, [[Agastya Nanda|Agastya]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gaikwad |first1=Pramod |title=Why Shweta Bachchan-Nanda lives with her parents, separately from in-laws, husband |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/why-shweta-bachchan-nanda-lives-her-parents-separately-laws-husband-811545 |access-date=30 April 2022 |work=IB Times |date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430111101/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/why-shweta-bachchan-nanda-lives-her-parents-separately-laws-husband-811545 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Amitabh's family lives in [[Mumbai]] in Maharashtra.<ref name="BigBHouse">{{cite web |url=http://www.btownmasti.com/the-lovely-amitabh-bachchan-house |title=Amitabh Bachchan houses in Mumbai |date=6 December 2011 |access-date=6 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130231110/http://www.btownmasti.com/the-lovely-amitabh-bachchan-house/ |archive-date=30 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-feature/amitabh-bachchan-and-jaya-bachchans-love-story/Jaya-Bachchan-Amitabh-Bachchan-Abhishek-Bachchan-Shweta-Bachchan-Jaya-Amitabh-marriage/photostory/33492082.cms |title=Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan's love story |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=10 January 2018 |archive-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111061128/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-feature/amitabh-bachchan-and-jaya-bachchans-love-story/Jaya-Bachchan-Amitabh-Bachchan-Abhishek-Bachchan-Shweta-Bachchan-Jaya-Amitabh-marriage/photostory/33492082.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> His younger brother Ajitabh Bachchan is a businessman. He did business and lived in London for a brief period before returning to live in India. He and his family choose to stay away from the limelight. His wife Ramola is a fashion designer and was active in business. Ajitabh has one son, Bhim, and three daughters Naina, Namrata, and Nilima. Naina is married to actor [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOL-meet-amitabh-bachchan-brother-ajitabh-bachchan-family-news-hindi-5435781-PHO.html|title=चार बच्चों के पिता हैं अमिताभ के भाई, बेटी नैना ने की है कुणाल कपूर से शादी|date=10 October 2016|website=Dainik Bhaskar|access-date=14 May 2023|archive-date=10 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010065940/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-BOL-meet-amitabh-bachchan-brother-ajitabh-bachchan-family-news-hindi-5435781-PHO.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Meet the mystery Bachchan|date= 11 December 2009|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/meet-the-mystery-bachchan/story-EtzWImVQQjGlHKXXZhvQOI.html|access-date= 13 September 2022|archive-date= 13 September 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220913144730/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/meet-the-mystery-bachchan/story-EtzWImVQQjGlHKXXZhvQOI.html|url-status= live}}</ref> and they have a son.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Srivastava |first=Samriddhi |date=31 January 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/kunal-kapoor-naina-bachchan-welcome-baby-boy-celebs-say-congrats-1906822-2022-01-31 |title=Kunal Kapoor, Naina Bachchan welcome baby boy. Celebs say congrats |magazine=India Today |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419143426/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/kunal-kapoor-naina-bachchan-welcome-baby-boy-celebs-say-congrats-1906822-2022-01-31 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Bachchan is famously rumoured to have had an [[extramarital affair]] with actress [[Rekha]] from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s after they first acted together in ''[[Do Anjaane]]'', and later in the successful films ''[[Khoon Pasina]]'', ''[[Ganga Ki Saugandh]]'', ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]'', ''[[Mr. Natwarlal]]'', ''[[Suhaag (1979 film)|Suhaag]]'', ''[[Ram Balram]]'' and ending in ''[[Silsila (1981 film)|Silsila]]'', though they have both denied it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/amitabh-rekha-untold-love-story-affair-1061436-2017-10-10|title=Amitabh-Rekha's untold love story: 10 lesser-known things about their relationship|date=10 October 2017|website=India Today |access-date=14 June 2019|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001211308/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/amitabh-rekha-untold-love-story-affair-1061436-2017-10-10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/happy-birthday-rekha-amitabh-bachchan-affair-controvesies-1061431-2017-10-10|title=Happy Birthday Rekha: Sindoor to rumoured affair with Amitabh Bachchan, 5 shocking controversies from her life|date=10 October 2017|website=India Today |access-date=14 June 2019|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022025716/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/happy-birthday-rekha-amitabh-bachchan-affair-controvesies-1061431-2017-10-10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rekha-s-biography-reveals-shocking-details-about-her-relationship-with-amitabh-bachchan-and-jaya-bachchan-2252221|title=Rekha's biography reveals shocking details about her relationship with Amitabh Bachchan and Jaya Bachchan!|date=5 September 2016|website=DNA India |access-date=14 June 2019|archive-date=10 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810024959/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rekha-s-biography-reveals-shocking-details-about-her-relationship-with-amitabh-bachchan-and-jaya-bachchan-2252221|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2006, Bachchan stated that he is a [[teetotalism|teetotaler]] and a non-smoker.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan sends apology letter to anti-tobacco group |url=http://movies.dcealumni.com/archives/amitabh-bachchan-sends-apology-letter-to-anti-tobacco-group/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152455/http://movies.dcealumni.com/archives/amitabh-bachchan-sends-apology-letter-to-anti-tobacco-group/ |archive-date=3 November 2006 |website=movies.dcealumni.com |date=1 October 2006 |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref>

In November 2023, Bachchan gifted his bungalow ''Prateeksha'', located in [[Juhu]], to his daughter Shweta. The bungalow is worth {{INR|500 million}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amitabh-bachchan-gifts-prateeksha-to-daughter-shweta-report-4604524 |title=Amitabh Bachchan Gifts Juhu Bungalow Prateeksha To Daughter Shweta |date=25 November 2023 |work=NDTV India |access-date=26 November 2023}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:BACHCHAN Amitabh 03-24x30-2009b.jpg|thumb|Bachchan in 2009]]
Bachchan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of [[Indian cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Amitabh Bachchan: Meet the biggest movie star in the world|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/amitabh-bachchan-the-biggest-film-star-in-the-world-10034826.html/|work=The independent|access-date=9 February 2015|date=9 February 2015|archive-date=10 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210093650/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/amitabh-bachchan-the-biggest-film-star-in-the-world-10034826.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Amitabh Bachchan is more than a superstar |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-19893525 |publisher= BBC |access-date=11 October 2012 |date= 11 October 2012 |archive-date= 14 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121014013931/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-19893525 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wajihuddin|first=Mohammed|title=Egypt's Amitabh Bachchan mania|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-02/india/27839664_1_bachchan-fan-mania-indians|access-date=22 November 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 December 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501071157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-02/india/27839664_1_bachchan-fan-mania-indians|archive-date=1 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jatras|first=Todd|title=India's Celebrity Film Stars|url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html|work=[[Forbes]]|access-date=22 November 2011|date=9 March 2001|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220031815/http://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He earned respect among critics for his memorable performances and charismatic screen presence, and is considered one of the most respected public figures of India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bachchan Receives Lifetime Achievement Award at DIFF |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/newsmakers/2009/November/newsmakers_November64.xml&section=newsmakers&col= |work=Khaleej Times|access-date=24 November 2011 |date=25 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602182846/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data%2Fnewsmakers%2F2009%2FNovember%2Fnewsmakers_November64.xml&section=newsmakers&col= |archive-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> He is referred to as the "[[Shahanshah|Shahenshah]] of Bollywood", "Star of the Millennium" or "Big B".<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|title=Amitabh Bachchan at 73: An ode to the undisputed 'Shahenshah' of Bollywood|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 October 2015|date=11 October 2015|archive-date=28 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028155451/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-at-72-an-ode-to-the-undisputed-shahenshah-of-bollywood/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Rajinikanth reveres Amitabh Bachchan as the 'Emperor of Indian Cinema'!|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/rajinikanth-reveres-amitabh-bachchan-as-the-emperor-of-indian-cinema-hindi-news-144373.html/|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=10 October 2015|date=10 October 2015|archive-date=6 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506041550/http://www.indiaglitz.com/rajinikanth-reveres-amitabh-bachchan-as-the-emperor-of-indian-cinema-hindi-news-144373.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/delhis-date-with-big-b-at-adda-on-friday/|title=Delhi's date with Big B at Adda on Friday|date=27 September 2012|work=The independent|access-date=27 September 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133104/http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/delhis-date-with-big-b-at-adda-on-friday/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Amitabh Bachchan's Big B'day bash: Bollywood came calling |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/amitabh-bachchan-s-big-b-day-bash-bollywood-came-calling/story-kXEUI1OtpqOkB1AqTvlKoM.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724082236/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/amitabh-bachchan-s-big-b-day-bash-bollywood-came-calling/story-kXEUI1OtpqOkB1AqTvlKoM.html |url-status=live |archive-date=24 July 2016 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 October 2012 |date=12 October 2012}}</ref> He inspired many [[Indian cinema]] actors, including [[Rajinikanth]], [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Prabhas]], [[Manoj Bajpayee]], [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Mohanlal]], [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Allu Arjun]] and [[Yash (actor)|Yash]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Amitabh-is-my-inspiration-says-Rajini/article16133086.ece |title=Amitabh is my inspiration, says Rajini |date=15 August 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516093145/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Amitabh-is-my-inspiration-says-Rajini/article16133086.ece |archive-date=16 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> French director [[François Truffaut]] called him a "one-man industry".<ref>{{cite web| work= China Daily| title= Truffaut labeled Bachchan a one-man industry| url= http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/history/00-07-07/l03-film.html| access-date=1 February 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201030338/http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/history/00-07-07/l03-film.html| archive-date=1 February 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-10/news-interviews/43032903_1_amitabh-bachchan-saat-hindustani-inquilab/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131023150403/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-10/news-interviews/43032903_1_amitabh-bachchan-saat-hindustani-inquilab/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Indira Gandhi helped him get into films |date=10 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 October 2013}}</ref>

One of the most successful actors of the 1970s and 1980s, Bachchan appeared in ''[[Box Office India]]''{{'}}s "Top Actors" list seventeen times from 1975 to 1991. He topped the list sixteen times (1976–1991).<ref>{{cite web |title=Top Actors |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219165002/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-date=19 February 2008 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Box Office India}}</ref>

In 1999, Bachchan was voted the "greatest star of stage or screen" in a [[BBC]] ''Your Millennium'' online poll. The organisation noted that "Many people in the western world will not have heard of [him] ... [but it] is a reflection of the huge popularity of Indian films."<ref name="BBC News"/> In October 2003, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine dubbed Bachchan as "the Undisputed Godfather of [[Bollywood]]".<ref name="Perry"/> In April 2005, The [[Walter Reade Theater]] of [[Lincoln Center]] in New York honoured Bachchan with a special tribute, retrospective—titled "Amitabh Bachchan: The Biggest Film Star in the World".<ref name="Saltz">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/15/movies/15indi.html |title=A Star the World Over but Almost Unknown Here |work=The Indian Express |date=15 April 2005 |access-date=7 June 2013 |first=Rachel |last=Saltz |archive-date=19 April 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419141138/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/15/movies/15indi.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="thedailybeast.com/newsweek">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2005/04/21/the-biggest-film-star-in-the-world.html |title=The Biggest Film Star in the World|publisher=thedailybeast.com|date=21 April 2005 |access-date=7 June 2013}}</ref>

In the early 80s, Bachchan authorised the use of his likeness for the comic book character [[Supremo (comics)|Supremo]] in a series titled ''The Adventures of Amitabh Bachchan''.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2009 |title=Remembering Amitabh, the Supremo superhero |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pammi-bakshi-on-supremo/20091110.htm |access-date=11 December 2012 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=8 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408044256/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pammi-bakshi-on-supremo/20091110.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2014, [[La Trobe University]] in Australia named a Scholarship after Bachchan.<ref>{{cite news |title=La Trobe University of Australia names scholarship after Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/la-trobe-university-of-australia-names-scholarship-after-amitabh-bachchan/ |access-date=2 May 2014 |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502153915/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/la-trobe-university-of-australia-names-scholarship-after-amitabh-bachchan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2000, he became the first living Asian to have been modelled in wax at London's [[Madame Tussauds]] Wax Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/art-of-cinema-is-a-small-contribution-amitabh-bachchan/441709/ |title=Art of cinema is a small contribution: Amitabh Bachchan |publisher=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604212708/http://www.screenindia.com/news/art-of-cinema-is-a-small-contribution-amitabh-bachchan/441709 |archive-date=4 June 2009}}</ref> Another statue was installed in New York in 2009,<ref>{{cite web|author=Amitabh's Wax Figure in New York |url=http://whatslatest.com/blog/?tag=amitabh-wax-figure-in-new-york |title=Amitabh Wax figure in New York |publisher=Whatslatest.com |access-date=2 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202033520/http://whatslatest.com/blog/?tag=amitabh-wax-figure-in-new-york |archive-date=2 December 2012}}</ref> Hong Kong in 2011,<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1570825.ece |title=Amitabh's wax statue unveiled at Hong Kong Tussauds |work= The Hindu |date= 25 March 2011 |access-date= 11 October 2012 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date= 15 August 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110815155355/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1570825.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Bangkok in 2011,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madametussauds.com/Bangkok/en/NewsAndEvents/AmitabhBachchanLaunch.aspx |title=Unveils wax figure of India's all-time superstar: Amitabh Bachchan |publisher=madametussauds.com|date=24 August 2011 |access-date=12 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114095003/http://www.madametussauds.com/Bangkok/en/NewsAndEvents/AmitabhBachchanLaunch.aspx |archive-date=14 November 2012}}</ref> Washington, DC in 2012<ref name="The Indian Express">{{cite web |url= http://www.indianexpress.com/news/big-b-srk-aishwaryas-wax-figures-at-washington-tussauds/1040813/ |title= Big B, SRK, Aishwarya's wax figures at Washington Tussauds |work=The Indian Express |date= 5 December 2012 |access-date=5 December 2012 |archive-date= 20 January 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160120105117/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/big-b-srk-aishwaryas-wax-figures-at-washington-tussauds/1040813/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Delhi in 2017.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-misunderstands-his-wax-statue-at-madam-tussauds-delhi-as-his-photo/articleshow/56517118.cms |title= Amitabh Bachchan misunderstands his wax statue at Madame Tussauds, Delhi as his photo |work= The Times of India |date= 13 January 2017 |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170113172851/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-bachchan-misunderstands-his-wax-statue-at-madam-tussauds-delhi-as-his-photo/articleshow/56517118.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2010, Bachchan was named on [[CNN]]'s list of the "top 25 Asian actors of all time".<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Big-B-in-CNN-s-top-25-Asian-actors-list/H1-Article1-515456.aspx |title=Big B in CNN's top 25 Asian actors list |work=Hindustan Times|date=5 March 2010 |access-date=4 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101080219/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Big-B-in-CNN-s-top-25-Asian-actors-list/H1-Article1-515456.aspx |archive-date=1 November 2011}}</ref> He was named "Hottest Vegetarian male" by PETA India in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 January 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Vidya Balan named hottest vegetarians |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/amitabh-bachchan-vidya-balan-named-hottest-vegetarians/article1-984421.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217223322/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tabloid/amitabh-bachchan-vidya-balan-named-hottest-vegetarians/article1-984421.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2015}}</ref> He also won the title of "Asia's Sexiest Vegetarian male" in a contest poll run by PETA Asia in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 June 2008 |title=Faye Wong is Asia's sexiest vegetarian |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Faye-Wong-is-Asias-sexiest-vegetarian/articleshow/3142261.cms |access-date=17 February 2015 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011115108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/english/hollywood/news/Faye-Wong-is-Asias-sexiest-vegetarian/articleshow/3142261.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In Allahabad, the [[Amitabh Bachchan Sports Complex]] and Amitabh Bachchan Road are named after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan Sports Complex |url=http://allahabaddekho.com/Home/Sportcenters_of_allahabad |access-date=15 August 2016 |archive-date=19 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019015806/http://allahabaddekho.com/Home/Sportcenters_of_allahabad |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=8 April 2017 |title=Rename Clive Road as Amitabh Bachchan Marg |url=http://activeindiatv.com/entertainment/44823-rename-clive-road-as-amitabh-bachchan-marg |access-date=14 February 2018 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202707/http://activeindiatv.com/entertainment/44823-rename-clive-road-as-amitabh-bachchan-marg |url-status=dead }}</ref> A government senior secondary school in [[Saifai]], [[Etawah]] is called Amitabh Bachchan Government Inter College.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 January 2014 |title=Neighbours' Envy: Remarkable growth of Saifai has left other villages feeling left out |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/neighbours-envy-3/ |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722095625/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/neighbours-envy-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=An oasis in undeveloped Yadav belt |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=23 April 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/An-oasis-in-undeveloped-Yadav-belt/articleshow/34084463.cms |access-date=21 July 2018 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821073108/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/An-oasis-in-undeveloped-Yadav-belt/articleshow/34084463.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta: Nation |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1040905/asp/nation/story_3719293.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040927053816/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040905/asp/nation/story_3719293.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2004 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=The Telegraph |location=Kolkota}}</ref> There is a waterfall in Sikkim known as [[Amitabh Bachchan Falls]].<ref name="tribune">{{cite news |author=Shriaya Dut |date=31 August 2019 |title=Been to Amitabh Bachchan waterfall in Sikkim, even Big B is shocked |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/been-to-amitabh-bachchan-waterfall-in-sikkim-even-big-b-is-shocked-825810 |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=20 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720061334/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/been-to-amitabh-bachchan-waterfall-in-sikkim-even-big-b-is-shocked-825810 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, on the occasion of Bachchan's 80th birthday, a not-for-profit organisation [[Film Heritage Foundation]] announced a film festival as a part of his 11 films collection had been screened in 17 cities across the country shown in limited cinemas.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/film-heritage-foundation-announces-amitabh-bachchan-film-festival-to-mark-cine-icons-80th-birthday-8182291/ | title=Film Heritage Foundation announces Amitabh Bachchan film festival to mark cine icon's 80th birthday | date=30 September 2022 | access-date=5 December 2022 | archive-date=5 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205134655/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/film-heritage-foundation-announces-amitabh-bachchan-film-festival-to-mark-cine-icons-80th-birthday-8182291/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/as-big-b-turns-80-special-film-fest-to-showcase-his-11-iconic-films/articleshow/94555450.cms | title=As Big B turns 80, special film fest to showcase his 11 iconic films | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=30 September 2022 }}</ref>

=== Biographies ===
[[File:Amitabh-Bachchan.jpg|thumb|Bachchan in 2011|left]]
Several books have been written about Bachchan. The following is the listing of books focused on his life career:

*''Amitabh Bachchan: the Legend'' was published in 1999,<ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan – The Legend by Bhawana Somaaya |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=3161 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615152859/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=3161 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=2 October 2010 |publisher=Indiaclub.com}}</ref>
*''To be or not to be: Amitabh Bachchan'' in 2004,<ref>{{cite web |author=halid Mohamed |title=To Be or Not to Be Amitabh Bachchan |url=http://www.shvoong.com/entertainment/movies/1843754-amitabh-bachchan/ |access-date=2 October 2010 |publisher=Shvoong.com |archive-date=8 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108031438/http://www.shvoong.com/entertainment/movies/1843754-amitabh-bachchan/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''AB: The Legend (A Photographer's Tribute)'' in 2006,<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDF390 |title=AB: The Legend (A Photographer's Tribute) |date=2 October 2008 |publisher=Exoticindiaart.com |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-date=20 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720123607/http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDF390/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''Amitabh Bachchan: Ek Jeevit Kimvadanti'' in 2006,<ref>{{cite book |author=Somaaya |url=http://www.autsun.com/amitabh-bachchan-ek-jeevit-kimvadanti/p/5070.html |title=Amitabh Bachchan: Ek Jeevit Kimvadanti |date=20 October 2009 |publisher=Macmillan India |isbn=978-1-4039-3160-3 |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707191625/http://www.autsun.com/amitabh-bachchan-ek-jeevit-kimvadanti/p/5070.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*''Amitabh: The Making of a Superstar'' in 2006,<ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh: The Making of a Superstar by Susmita Dasgupta |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/searchresults.asp?ProdStock=19211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615172748/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/searchresults.asp?ProdStock=19211 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=2 October 2010 |publisher=Indiaclub.com}}</ref>
*''Looking for the Big B: Bollywood, Bachchan and Me'' in 2007<ref>{{cite book |title=Looking for the Big B: Bollywood, Bachchan and Me: Jessica Hines|id={{ISBN|0747560412|country=uk}}}}</ref> and
*''Bachchanalia'' in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2009 |title=Bachchanalia: Big B as hero, lover, conman |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/bachchanalia-big-b-as-hero-lover-conman/story-0drMSxKamf8Be1yZhTKOOJ.html |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009065832/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/bachchanalia-big-b-as-hero-lover-conman/story-0drMSxKamf8Be1yZhTKOOJ.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Amitabh Bachchan}}
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Best Film Actor Award for the year 2005 to Shri Amitabh Bachchan.jpg|thumb|The President, [[Pratibha Patil|Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] presenting the Best Film Actor Award for the year 2005 to Shri Amitabh Bachchan]]
Apart from industry awards won for his performances throughout the years, Bachchan has received several honours for his achievements in the Indian film industry. In 1991, he became the first artist to receive the [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award]], which was established in the name of [[Raj Kapoor]]. Bachchan was crowned as [[Filmfare Special Award|Superstar of the Millennium]] in 2000 at the Filmfare Awards.

In 2001, he was honoured with the Actor of the Century award at the [[Alexandria International Film Festival]] in Egypt in recognition of his contribution to the world of cinema.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010904/world.htm#8 |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – World |work=The Tribune |date=4 September 2001 |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010904/world.htm#8 |archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref> Many other honours for his achievements were conferred upon him at several International Film Festivals, including the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 [[Asian Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/amitabh-asian-awards-250310.html |title=Actor Amitabh Bachchan | Film Paa – Oneindia Entertainment |publisher=Entertainment.oneindia.in |date=25 March 2010 |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524143103/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/amitabh-asian-awards-250310.html |archive-date=24 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, he was conferred with the Honorary Citizenship of the French town of [[Deauville]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/07/04/stories/2003070400980100.htm |title='Shahenshah' of Bollywood |date=4 July 2003 |access-date=2 October 2010 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014135148/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/07/04/stories/2003070400980100.htm |archive-date=14 October 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him with the [[Padma Shri]] in 1984, the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2001, the [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 2015 and [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] in 2019. The then-President of [[Afghanistan]] awarded him the Order of Afghanistan in 1991 following the shooting of ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'' there.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.khaama.com/indian-film-star-amitabh-bachchan-cherish-afghanistan-memories-1810/ |title=Indian film star Amitabh Bachchan cherish Afghanistan memories |newspaper=The Khaama Press News Agency |date=27 August 2013 |access-date=20 November 2018 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095505/https://www.khaama.com/indian-film-star-amitabh-bachchan-cherish-afghanistan-memories-1810/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Government of Madhya Pradesh honoured him with Rashtriya Kishore Kumar Samman for 2002–2003.<ref>{{cite news |title=Amitabh conferred Kishore Kumar award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-conferred-kishore-kumar-award/articleshow/26698419.cms |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=29 October 2002 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603100008/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/amitabh-conferred-kishore-kumar-award/articleshow/26698419.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=रत्नप्रिया |title=क्या है 'किशोर अलंकरण', किन हस्तियों को मिल चुका है ये सम्मान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/education/kishore-kumar-samman-recipient-list-waheeda-rehman-to-be-awarded-this-year |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=Amar Ujala |date=6 October 2019 |language=hi |archive-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210222443/https://www.amarujala.com/education/kishore-kumar-samman-recipient-list-waheeda-rehman-to-be-awarded-this-year |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Amitabh Bachchan with Olympic torch.jpg|thumb|Bachchan with the [[Olympic flame]] in London on 27 July 2012|left]]

France's highest civilian honour, the Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]], was conferred upon him by the [[Government of France|French Government]] in 2007 for his "exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond".<ref>{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Geeta |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6306201.stm |title=South Asia | French honour for Bollywood star |publisher=BBC News |date=27 January 2007 |access-date=2 October 2010 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004140244/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6306201.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 July 2012, at the age of 69, Bachchan carried the [[Olympic flame|Olympic torch]] during the last leg of its relay in London's Southwark.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-carries-olympic-torch-355100 |title=Amitabh Bachchan Carries Olympic Torch |date=26 July 2012 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |first=Nyay |last=Bhushan |access-date=27 July 2012 |archive-date=30 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730004645/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-carries-olympic-torch-355100 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Soul Curry for You and Me – An Empowering Philosophy That Can Enrich Your Life''. (2002)<ref>{{cite web |title=73 things you must know about Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/amitabh-bachchan-turns-73-on-sunday/articleshow/49308365.cms |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313061431/http://www.businessinsider.in/Amitabh-Bachchan-turns-73-on-Sunday/articleshow/49308365.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood actors]]
* [[Lists of Indian actors]]
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Film|Bollywood|Television}}

== References ==
===Notes===
<references group="lower-alpha" />
===Citations===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Somaaya |first=Bhawana |author-link=Bhawana Somaaya |title=Amitabh Bachchan: The Legend |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VSxlAAAAMAAJ |date=1 February 1999 |publisher=Macmillan India Limited |isbn=978-0-333-93355-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Somaaya |first=Bhawana |title=Bachchanalia: The Films and Memorabilia of Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DlePgAACAAJ |year=2009 |publisher=Osian's-Connoisseurs of Art |isbn=978-81-8174-027-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Bhawana Somaaya |title=Amitabh Lexicon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBetwAACAAJ |year=2011 |isbn=978-8122311891 |publisher=[[Pustak Mahal]]}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|voy=no|Amitabh Bachchan|wikt=yes|b=yes|s=Amitabha Harivansh Rai Bachchan|v=yes|author=yes|d=Q9570}}
* {{Tumblr|srbachchan|Amitabh Bachchan}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{Don}}
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[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients]]
[[Category:People named in the Paradise Papers]]
[[Category:UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors]]
[[Category:United Nations goodwill ambassadors]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Kirori Mal College

2025-04-07T06:19:40Z

The coderXE: Better

{{Short description|College of the University of Delhi in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kirori Mal College
| image = Kmcfront.jpg|caption=Arts and Humanities Department Building
| established = {{Start date and age|1954}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| nickname = KMC
| academic_affiliation = [[University of Delhi]]
| principal =Dinesh khattar<ref>{{cite web |url= http://kmc.du.ac.in/administrative-staff/ |title= Administrative staff}}</ref>
| campus = North campus
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|40|57|N|77|12|23|E|display=inline}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.kmc.du.ac.in}}
| address = [[University of Delhi|North Campus]], University Enclave
| city = [[New Delhi]]
| parent =
| state =
| country = India
| logo =
}}
'''Kirori Mal College''' is a constituent college of the [[University of Delhi]]. Established in 1954,<ref>{{cite web |title=About KMC |url=http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/about-kmc.html |website=Kirori Mal College |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701032743/http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/about-kmc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> it is located in the heart of North Campus of the university in [[New Delhi]], and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in the [[sciences]], [[humanities]] and [[commerce]]. The [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] accredited it with a CGPA of 3.54 (A++)<ref>{{cite web |title=NAAC Accreditation |url=http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/naac-accreditation.html |website=Kirori Mal College |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701033114/http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/naac-accreditation.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> in 2023, which is the third highest among all [[Delhi University]] colleges.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kar |first1=Srivedant |title=KMC bags third highest NAAC score in Delhi University |url=http://dubeat.com/2016/11/kmc-bags-third-highest-naac-score-in-delhi-university/ |access-date=18 May 2020 |date=12 November 2016}}</ref>
According to NIRF records, it had spent more than 300 Crores in 2021 for infrastructure development and salaries of teaching and non-teaching staff.

==History==
[[File:Rajendra_Prasad_laying_foundation_stone_of_Kirori_Mal_College.jpg|thumb|[[Dr. Rajendra Prasad]] laying foundation stone of Kirori Mal College]]
The college began as Nirmala College and was located on Delhi Road. Faced with problems relating to the staff in the period following the [[Partition of India|partition]], the management of the college changed hands and the trust founded by Seth Kirori Mal took over. It shifted to its present campus on 1 February 1954.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/all-the-world-is-a-stage/story-A1ouI4GOPaI7bt5wbkjZ4K.html|title=All the world is a stage|date=24 August 2012|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The foundation stones of the college were laid down by the [[List of presidents of India|first]] [[President of India]], [[Rajendra Prasad]] in the summer of 1955.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/principals-desk.html|title=:: Welcome : Kirori Mal College, University Of Delhi Powered By : Redox Systems|website=www.kmcollege.ac.in|access-date=22 April 2020|archive-date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426000908/http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/principals-desk.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The campus infrastructure was designed by the famous architect duo Anand Apte and CSH Jhabvala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/A-planners-sketches-of-Delhi/articleshow/16025756.cms|title=A planner's sketches of Delhi | Delhi News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=31 August 2012 }}</ref>

The first principal of the college was Ch. Hardwari Lal (1954–57). Kirori Mal College began its first full-fledged functioning from the academic session 1956–57. He was followed by Sarup Singh (1957–65) who later became the Professor-and-Head, Department of English, University of Delhi and then the Vice-Chancellor, DU, followed by becoming the Lt. Governor, Delhi and then the Governor of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070429/spectrum/book5.htm|first=R.W.|last=Desai|title=Pride of Haryana|website=www.tribuneindia.com|date=29 April 2007|access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>

Kirori Mal College was one of the few institutions of the University of Delhi selected for sports training during the [[Commonwealth Games]] in 2010 which led to new facilities being created in the form of a new building and a gymnasium to facilitate sports and other activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/du-starts-vacation-in-advance-83043-2010-10-02|title=DU starts vacation in advance|first=Ritika|last=Chopra|date=2 October 2010|website=India Today|access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/commonwealth-games/cwg-du-hostels-all-decked-up-but-where-are-the-visitors-434144|title=CWG: DU hostels all decked up, but where are the visitors?|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/accommodation-tougher-for-du-aspirants-as-games-takes-over-hostels/627576/|title=Accommodation tougher for DU aspirants as Games takes over hostels|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

== Departments ==

*Department of [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
*Department of [[Botany]]
*Department of [[Chemistry]]
*Department of [[Commerce]]
*Department of [[Computer Science]]
*Department of [[Economics]]
*Department of [[English language|English]]
*Department of [[Geography]]
*Department of [[Hindi]]
*Department of [[History]]
*Department of [[Mathematics]]
*Department of [[Philosophy]]
*Department of [[Physical Education]] and [[Sport Sciences]]
*Department of [[Physics]]
*Department of [[Political Science]]
*Department of [[Sanskrit]]
*Department of [[Urdu]]
*Department of [[Statistics]]
*Department of [[Zoology]]

==Hostel==
The college hostel is situated next to the sports complex of the college. Its 89 rooms house around 170 undergraduate and postgraduate students from both India and abroad.<ref>{{cite web |title=KMC Hostel |url=http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/hostel.html |website=Kirori Mal College |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=27 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227164051/http://www.kmcollege.ac.in/hostel.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hostel seats are allocated to various courses and admission is made on the basis of merit.

==Rankings==
The [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] accredited it with a CGPA of 3.54 ({{Infobox India university ranking|NIRF_C_2024=9|type=University}}A++) in 2016, which is the third highest among all [[Delhi University]] colleges. The college was ranked 18th among colleges in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]], [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] in 2019 and 19th in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)|url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2019/CollegeRanking.html|website=www.nirfindia.org|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NIRF College Ranking Analysis 2020: LSR jumps to rank 2, Presidency drops to 5|url=https://news.careers360.com/nirf-college-ranking-analysis-2020-lsr-jumps-rank-2-presidency-drops-5 |website=news.careers360.com|date=13 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Kirori Mal College was ranked 9th among colleges in India according to the latest [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] rankings by Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
{{alumni|date=March 2018}}
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2019}}
Kirori Mal College has a large alumni base. Notable members include:

===Actors, directors and singers===

* [[KK (singer)|Krishnakumar Kunnath]]<ref>{{Cite web|first=Ritika|last=Singh|title=Know How Singer KK, Kirorimal Graduate Make It To Bollywood: Birthday Treat|url=http://www.dailyaddaa.com/entertainment-news/know-how-singer-kk-kirorimal-graduate-make-it-to-bollywood-birthday-treat-676737.html|date=23 August 2019|access-date=28 November 2020|website=dailyaddaa.com|language=en|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814083123/http://www.dailyaddaa.com/entertainment-news/know-how-singer-kk-kirorimal-graduate-make-it-to-bollywood-birthday-treat-676737.html}}</ref> - Playback Singer
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] - actor
* [[Abhishek Banerjee (actor)|Abhishek Banerjee]] - actor
* [[Habib Faisal]] - Screenwriter and Director
* [[Satish Kaushik]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-19 |title=I owe my success to the theatre society of Kirorimal College: Satish Kaushik |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/i-owe-my-success-to-the-theatre-society-of-kirorimal-college-satish-kaushik-1047709.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> - actor, director
* [[Ravi Baswani]] - film actor
* [[Siddharth Narayan]] - actor
* [[Prashant Narayanan]] - actor
* [[Sanam Puri]] - singer
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] - actor and comedian
* [[Vijay Raaz]] - film actor
* [[Divyendu Sharma]] - actor
* [[Sushant Singh]] - film and television actor
* [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] - actor
* [[Ali Abbas Zafar]] - director
* [[Vijay Krishna Acharya]] - screenwriter and director
* [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]] - director
* [[Sargun Mehta]] - television actress
* [[Sonam Sherpa]] musician [[Parikrama]]
* [[Geetika Vidya Ohlyan]] - Actress

===Politicians===

* [[Naveen Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], second longest serving Chief Minister of any Indian state and the chief of [[Biju Janata Dal]]. He is a writer and has published 3 books.
* [[Madan Lal Khurana|Madanlal Khurana]]; former [[Chief Minister of Delhi]].
* [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]]; politician.
* [[Girija Prasad Koirala]]; former [[Prime Minister of Nepal]].
* [[Pravesh Verma]]; Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Delhi]].

===Others===


* [[Padmavathy Bandopadhyay]] - first woman Air Marshal of Indian Air Force
* [[Habib Faisal]] - Hindi screenwriter and director
* [[Aditya Ghosh]] - Businessman who worked in aviation and hospitality
* [[Gaurav Bidhuri]] - boxer who won medal at World Championship
* [[Yogesh Kathuniya]] - Paralympic Athlete - Discus throw
* [[Vaibhav Singh Yadav]] - World Boxing Council(WBC) Asia & Asian Boxing Federation(ABF) Titles Champion
* [[Mohan Singh Kohli|M.S. Kohli]] - Indian mountaineer
* [[Massoud Khalili]]
* [[M. S. Krishnan (professor)|M. S. Krishnan]] -Chair of Business Information Technology at the [[University of Michigan]]'s [[Ross School of Business]]
* [[Abhay Kumar]] - poet, artist and diplomat
* [[Sanjivan Lal]] - film maker
* [[Harbans Mukhia]] - Indian historian
* [[Saeed Naqvi]] - journalist
* [[Parikrama (band)|Parikrama]] - band
* [[Justice Raghuvendra Singh Rathore|Raghuvendra Singh Rathore]]
* [[Rajshekhar]] -Indian lyricist
* [[Himanshu Sharma]] - Bollywood screenwriter
* [[Mrityunjay Kumar Singh]]
* [[Dinesh Thakur]] - theatre director
* [[Mirza Waheed]] - Writer
* [[Arjun Dev (historian)|Arjun Dev]]- Writer, Educationist and Historian, he co-wrote some of the extremely popular NCERT books<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arjun-dev-a-legendary-historian-passes-away/article31201575.ece|title=Arjun Dev: a legendary historian passes away|first1=Aditya|last1=Mukherjee|first2=Mridula|last2=Mukherjee|newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 March 2020|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=January 16, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/education/arjun-dev-historian-tribute|title=Remembering Historian Arjun Dev, Who Spearheaded the Effort to Create Modern Textbooks|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9290.html|title=Professor Arjun Dev, The Historian of 'Contemporary World' - Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}</ref>

===Notable faculty===
* [[Hiren Gohain]]
* [[Krishna Kumar (educationist)|Krishna Kumar]]
* [[Sarup Singh]] (ex-VC, [[University of Delhi]] and former Governor of Kerala and Gujarat )

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://kmc.du.ac.in/}}

{{University of Delhi}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi University]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1954]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Commerce colleges in India]]
[[Category:Science colleges in India]]
[[Category:Arts colleges in India]]

Annapurna Maharana

2025-04-02T21:10:13Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Odia freedom fighter}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annapurna Choudhury
| image = Annapurna_Maharana_died_2012.jpeg
| alt = Annapurna Moharana
| caption =
| birth_name = Annapurna Choudhury
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|11|03|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Odisha]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2012|12|31|1917|11|03}}
| death_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India
| burial_place =
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation =
| known_for = [[Freedom fighter]], [[Social Activist]]
| parents = [[Gopabandhu Choudhury]] (father) 
[[Ramadevi Choudhury]] (mother)
| spouse = Sharat Chandra Maharana
| honours =
| relatives = [[Gopala Ballabha Das]] (maternal grandfather) 
[[Nabakrushna Choudhuri]] (uncle) Manmohan Choudhury (brother) Krishna Mohanty (cousin sister)
}}

'''Annapurna Maharana''' (née '''Choudhury''' 3 November 1917 – 31 December 2012) was an [[India]] pro-independence activist active in the [[Indian independence movement]]. She was also a prominent social and [[women's rights activist]].<ref name=business>{{cite news|title=Noted freedom fighter Annapurna Maharana dies |url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/noted-freedom-fighter-annapurna-maharana-dies/103191/ |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |work=[[Business Standard]]|date=2013-01-01 |access-date=2013-01-07}}</ref> Maharana was a close ally of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name=timesofindia>{{cite news|title=Annapurna Maharana cremated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Annapurna-Maharana-cremated/articleshow/17870114.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615224639/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-03/bhubaneswar/36130072_1_state-honours-freedom-struggle-veteran-freedom-fighter |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-06-15 |date=2013-01-03 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2013-01-07}}</ref>

==Personal Life==
Annapurna was born in [[Odisha]] on 3 November 1917 in an aristocratic [[Karan (caste)|Zamindar Karan]] family,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Prabhat Kumar |date=October 2022 |title=Annapurna Maharana : A philanthropist |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2022/October/engpdf/203-204.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=2}}</ref> the second child of [[Ramadevi Choudhury]] and [[Gopabandhu Choudhury]].<ref name=od>{{cite news|title=Odisha: Freedom fighter Annapurna Maharana passed away|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=38594|work=[[Orissa Diary]]|date=2012-12-31|access-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313062625/http://orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=38594|archive-date=13 March 2013}}</ref> Both of her parents were active in the Indian independence movement from the [[United Kingdom]].
==Role during independence==
Annapurna began actively campaigning for independence when she was fourteen years old, becoming a supporter of [[Mohandas Gandhi]]. In 1934, she joined Gandhi on his "Harijan Pada Yatra" march through Odisha from [[Puri]] to [[Bhadrak]]. Choudhury was arrested several times by British and [[British Raj]], including August 1942 during the [[Quit India Movement]] [[civil disobedience]] campaign.<ref name=business/>

Following independence, Annapurna advocated on behalf of women and children in India. She opened a school in Odisha's [[Rayagada district]] for the children of the area's [[India tribal belt|tribal population]]. Annapurna also became involved with the [[Bhoodan movement]], or Land Gift Movement, started by [[Vinoba Bhave]]. She further campaigned to integrate the [[Dacoits]] active of the Chambal Valley.<ref name=timesofindia/><ref name=business/>

During [[The Emergency (India)|the emergency]] she protested by helping [[Ramadevi Choudhury]] with their newspaper published by the Gram Sevak Press. The newspaper was banned by the government and was arrested along with [[Ramadevi Choudhury]] and other leaders from Orissa like [[Nabakrushna Choudhuri]], [[Harekrushna Mahatab]], [[Manmohan Choudhury]], [[Jaykrushana Mohanty]] and others.<ref>Orissa: the dazzle from within (art, craft and culture of ...by G. K. Ghosh - 1993 - - Page 37</ref>

The [[Central University of Odisha]] awarded Annapurna Choudhury an [[Honoris Causa]] ([[honorary degree]]) in a ceremony held at her Cuttack home on 19 August 2012.<ref name=od2>{{cite news |title=Central University Odisha confers Honoris Causa to Annapurna Moharana |url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=35957 |work=Odisha Diary |date=2012-08-19 |access-date=2013-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311212917/http://orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=35957 |archive-date=11 March 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Death==
Annapurna Choudhury died of lengthy illnesses related to old age, at her home in Bakharabad, [[Cuttack]], Odisha, at 10:30 p.m. on 31 December 2012, aged 96. Her late husband, Sarat Maharana, died in 2009. She was cremated with honors at the Khannagar crematorium in Cuttack on 2 January 2013.<ref name=timesofindia/><ref name=business/>

[[Governor of Odisha]] [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]] and [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]] [[Naveen Patnaik]] described her death as "irreparable loss" to India and Odisha.<ref name=business/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian independence movement}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharana, Annapurna}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]
[[Category:Women educators from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian women publishers]]
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Journalists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Educators from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]

Ramachandra Deva I

2025-04-02T21:02:10Z

The coderXE: Pov pushing

{{short description|Ruler of Odisha (r. 1568-1607)}}{{Distinguish|Ramachandra Deva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| type = Emperor
| name = Ramachandra Deva I
| title = [[Gajapati (title)|Gajapati]] Abhinava Indradyumna
| succession = King of Khurda
| reign = 1568 CE – 1607 CE
| coronation = 1575 CE
| predecessor = [[Mukunda Deva]]
| successor = Purushottama Deva II
| full name =
| house = [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]]
| father = Danai Vidyadhara
| death_place = Khurda
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Gajapati Rāmachandra Deva I''' (1568–1607; popularly called '''Abhinava Indradyumna''') was the founder of the [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi dynasty of Khurda]] in [[Odisha]], India.<ref name="Das2010">{{cite book|author=Suryanarayan Das|title=Lord Jagannath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&dq=Ramachandradeva-I&pg=PA54|year=2010|publisher=Sanbun Publishers|isbn=978-93-80213-22-4|pages=54–}}</ref><ref name="Mahtab1959">{{cite book|author=Harekrushna Mahtab|title=The History of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SD_3oESVSBYC&q=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+i+%281568-1607%29+KHURDA+FAMILY|year=1959|publisher=Prajatantra Prachar Samity}}</ref><ref name="Mohanty2009">{{cite book|author=Jagannath Mohanty|title=Encyclopaedia of Education, Culture and Children's Literature: v. 3. Indian culture and education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3T2Ph_SmjtoC&pg=PA63|year=2009|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=978-81-8450-150-6|pages=63–}}</ref> He established the [[Khurda kingdom]] in 1568 and after the death of [[Mukunda Deva]] he made an alliance with [[Akbar]] and was recognised as [[Gajapati (title)|Gajapati]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Rituals as Popular Culture: Towards Historico-anthropological Understanding of Modern Indian Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5jXAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+1568|year=1999|publisher=Institute of Oriental Culture}}</ref><ref name="Pradhan2000">{{cite book|author=Atul Chandra Pradhan|title=History, Culture, and Economy: Prof. Karuna Sagar Behera Felicitation Volume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSBuAAAAMAAJ&q=ramchandra|year=2000|publisher=Post-graduate Department of History (SAP), Utkal University|isbn=978-81-901303-0-1}}</ref> [[Madala Panji]] associated him with [[Yadava|Yaduvamsa]] of [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+yaduvamsa|year=1982|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa}}</ref> Gajapati Ramachandra Deva was also a Sanskrit poet and a scholar, he authored the celebrated drama "Shrikrushnabhaktabachhalya Charitam".<ref name="Pradhan2000" /> The Odia populace gave him the title of "Thakura Raja" as a mark of respect for renovating the damaged [[Hindu temple]]s that were destroyed by the invasion of [[Kalapahad]].<ref name="Miśra1985">{{cite book|author=Nīḷamaṇi Miśra|title=Sālabega|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSwuAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+deva+I|year=1985|publisher=Rạshtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan}}</ref><ref name="Behera2002">{{cite book|author=Subhakanta Behera|title=Construction of an Identity Discourse: Oriya Literature and the Jagannath Cult (1866-1936)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbVjAAAAMAAJ&q=Ramachandra+deva+Thakura+Raja|year=2002|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=978-81-215-1041-7}}</ref> Ramachandra Deva's regnal title was "Vira Sri Gajapati Viradhi Viravara Pratapi Ramachandra Deva".<ref name="Nayak">{{cite book|author=Pabitra Mohan Nayak|title=Inscriptions of Orissa: With Special Reference to Subarnapur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9MJ-4SGuNEC&pg=PA15|publisher=Readworthy|isbn=978-93-5018-108-9|pages=15–}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ramachandra Deva was the son of Danai Vidyadhara, a lieutenant of [[Bhoi dynasty|Bhoi]] king [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref name="History of Odisha">{{cite web|author=Dr.Manas Kumar Das|title=History of Odisha|url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-17.pdf|publisher=DDCE Utkal University|page=41|accessdate=2021-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0B5uAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+yaduvamsa|title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal|publisher=Superintendent, Research and Museum, Orissa|year=1982}}</ref> According to historian [[Krishna Chandra Panigrahi|K.C Panigrahi]], Ramachandra Deva's family belonged to [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] community however [[Madala Panji]] associated him with Yaduvamsa to raise his status in the eyes of the Mughal general [[Man Singh I|Man Singh]] to legitimise his claim over the kingship of [[Khordha|Khurda]] and [[Puri]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=ramachandra+deva&pg=PT185 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref> Ramachandra Deva was the Raja of [[Khurda kingdom|Khurda]] kingdom and after the death of [[Mukunda Deva]], Ramachandra Deva became "Gajapati".<ref>{{cite book|author=J P Das|title=A Time Elsewhere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXFyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT299|date=13 October 2018|publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited|isbn=978-93-5305-340-6|pages=299–}}</ref><ref name="(India)1966">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0S9uAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra++Bidyadhar|year=1966|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Francesco Brighenti|title=Śakti Cult in Orissa|year=2001|publisher=D.K. Printworld|isbn=978-81-246-0179-2}}</ref> [[Firishta|Ferishta]] mentioned him as "a Prince of great fame and Power".<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA179|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=179–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> As [[Kharavela]] was the morning star when the forward march of the Odias began, Ramachandra Deva was the midnight star, he came to the throne when complete darkness engulfed the people towards the end of the century.<ref name="Sahu1964">{{cite book|author=N. K. Sahu|title=History of Orissa from the Earliest Time Up to 500 A.D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8MBAAAAMAAJ&q=Ramachandra+Deva+mornind+star+Kharavela|year=1964|publisher=Utkal University}}</ref> Ramachandra Deva's eldest son was ''Padmanav Pattanaik,'' ''Padmanav Pattanaik'' played an instrumental role in retrieving the Brahma Padartha of Lord [[Jagannath]] from [[Bisara Mohanty]] of [[Kujang, Odisha|Kujang Garh]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Bishar Mohanty, An Ardent Devotee. Odisha Review, ISSN 0970-8669 |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2020/Jun-Jul/engpdf/20-30.pdf |journal=Bishar Mohanty, an Ardent Devotee |pages=27–30}}</ref>

==Administration==
Due to the sustained invasion of Afghans over Orissa, Ramachandra Deva accepted the [[suzerainty]] of [[Akbar]] through [[Man Singh I]] of Amer and defeated them with Mughal support. The Mughals took control over Orissa and Ramachandra Deva continued as a subordinate king. In the settlement of 1592, Ramachandra Deva was granted the principality of Khurda by the Mughal emperor. His territory was called Qila Khurda, alienated from the Khalisa and its domain extended from the river [[Mahanadi]] to [[Ganjam]]. The 31 subordinate Zamindars in his control including all the later tributary Mahalas of [[Cuttack]] and south of the river Mahanadi and seven principal Zamindars, which were not styled or titled Rajas. These important chiefs were the [[Zamindar|zamindars]] of [[Keonjhar]], [[Mayurbhanj]], Bishnupur, Fatehbad, Narayangarh, Karrangarh and Nag or Bagbhum.<ref name="SadangiMohapatra2017">{{cite book|author1=Chandan Kumar Sadangi|author2=Sanjay Mohapatra|title=Change Management for Organizations: Lessons from Political Upheaval in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csqODgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=3 April 2017|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|isbn=978-1-78714-119-3|pages=13–}}</ref>

==Activities==
The invasion of [[Kalapahad]] brought an immense loss of wealth that was stored in various ancient temples of the region. The reconstruction of these temples was promptly taken up by Ramachandra Deva.<ref>{{cite book|title=Crafts and Commerce in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybX1-CqEXPkC&pg=PA22|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=22–|id=GGKEY:4EYA3F6QHL9}}</ref> He was able to present himself as the successor to the culture and tradition of the former Gajapati kings. He renovated the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] in Puri and reinstalled the idols of the trinity by droving out the muslim forces from the city in 1575 A.D.<ref name="KimuraTanabe2006">{{cite book|author1=Masaaki Kimura|author2=Akio Tanabe|title=The State in India: Past and Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Ramachandra+Deva+bhoi|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-567277-0}}</ref> He continued the [[Ratha Yatra|Gundicha Yatra]], eight years after the installation of the deities, which was discontinued after the destruction caused by Kalapahad.

For his remarkable work, the king was popularly known as the ''Second Indradymna'' or ''Abhinava Indradyumna'', which is an honorable comparison to the legendary founder of the temple, Maharaja [[Indradyumna]].<ref name="Dash">{{cite book|author=Trilochan Dash|title=Story of Lord Sri Jagannatha in Srimandira at Sri Purusottam Kshetra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hd0rnGa72PsC&pg=PA263|publisher=Trilochan Dash|pages=263–|id=GGKEY:Y2TR84PZ0DD}}</ref><ref name="Mahapatra1993">{{cite book|author=Sitakant Mahapatra|title=Beyond the Word: The Multiple Gestures of Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpweSxFyXSQC&pg=PA191|year=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1108-9|pages=191–}}</ref> He established sixteen villages of [[Brahmin]]s by giving endowments of land and established some forts in the [[Pipili]] area - Bhuinmul, Sahajpal, Kharagarh and Kahnan, which are identified with the present Bhuinmulgarh, Sahajpani, Aragarh and Garh Kurki respectively.<ref name="Dāsa2005">{{cite book|author=Jagannātha Prasāda Dāsa|title=Puri Paintings: The Chitrakara and His Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RvzVAAAAMAAJ&q=gajapati+ramachandra+deva|year=2005|publisher=Prafulla|isbn=978-81-901589-7-8}}</ref><ref name="Pattanayak2007">{{cite book|author=Amiya Kumar Pattanayak|title=History with a Difference: Reflections on the Works of Jagannath Patnaik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uI4MAQAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+deva+Khurda|year=2007|publisher=Indian Publishers' Distributors|isbn=978-81-7341-451-0}}</ref>

==Amusement==
The rulers like Kapilendra Deva, Purushottama Deva, Prataparudra Deva of Suryavansha dynasty and Ramachandra Deva of Bhoi dynasty patronised art and music in Orissa. During his reign classical music, dance and other forms of art reached an apex.<ref name="Sahu1997">{{cite book|author=Bhagabana Sahu|title=Cultural History of Orissa, 1435-1751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTduAAAAMAAJ&q=gajapati+ramachandra+deva+Kapilendra|year=1997|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=978-81-7488-654-5}}</ref> In his reign, the young boys were dressed as girls and performed under the guide of Odissi, called the [[Gotipua|''Gotipua Nrutya'']]. [[Devadasi]]s were originally intended for temple service only but during the time of Ramachandra Deva they were engaged in providing entertainment to the royal court.<ref name="Patnaik2006">{{cite book|author=Sujata Patnaik|title=Folk Legend Bhagaban Sahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9yBAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+deva+I|year=2006|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|isbn=978-81-230-1342-8}}</ref><ref name="Institute2005">{{cite book|author=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|title=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m29jAAAAMAAJ&q=ramachandra+deva+I|year=2005|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Bisara Mohanty]]
*[[Indradyumna]]
*[[Nabakalebara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Odisha]]

Biren Mitra

2025-04-01T05:38:47Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1917–1978)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Biren Mitra
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = or
| image = Biren-Mitra.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|11|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| residence =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1978|05|25|1917|11|26|df=y}}
| death_place =
| order = 4th
| office = Chief Minister of Odisha
| salary =
| term_start = 2 October 1963
| term_end = 21 February 1965
| predecessor = [[Biju Pattanaik]]
| successor = [[Sadashiva Tripathy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| otherparty =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| spouse = Iswarama Mitra
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Biren Mitra''' (26 November 1917 – 25 May 1978) was an Indian politician, a leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]] from 2 October 1963 to 21 February 1965.<ref name="Manor1994">{{cite book|author=James Manor|title=Nehru to the Nineties: The Changing Office of Prime Minister in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X90G8gnoqv4C&pg=PA28|accessdate=25 May 2018|year=1994|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-180-2|pages=28–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naveen-patnaik-first-to-occupy-odisha-chief-ministers-chair-four-times-in-a-row/articleshow/35426766.cms | title=Naveen Patnaik first to occupy Odisha Chief Minister's chair four times in a row | publisher=[[The Economic Times]] | date=21 May 2014 | accessdate=25 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.birenmitrafoundation.com/aboutbirenmitra.php | title=Life History of Shri Biren Mitra | publisher=Biren Mitra Foundation | accessdate=25 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041012/http://www.birenmitrafoundation.com/aboutbirenmitra.php | archive-date=26 May 2018 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Personal Life==
Mitra was born in a [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] Family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> He started his student politics with AISF (Communist Party of India students wing) . The Biren Mitra Park located at Sector-11 of [[Cuttack Development Authority|CDA]] in [[Cuttack]] has been named in his honour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Travel |url=https://www.google.co.in/travel/unsupported?utm_campaign=sharing&utm_medium=link&utm_source=htls&ved=0CAAQ5JsGahcKEwjgxeHcnsuGAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAw&ts=CAEaBAoCGgAqBAoAGgA&ucpp=CtABaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvLmluL3RyYXZlbC9ob3RlbHMvZW50aXR5L0NoZ0l2SmY4M2FmTm5faEJHZ3d2Wnk4eGVXUndaSGszTW1vUUJBP3V0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1zaGFyaW5nJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09bGluayZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWh0bHMmdmVkPTBDQUFRNUpzR2FoY0tFd2pneGVIY25zdUdBeFVBQUFBQUhRQUFBQUFRQXcmdHM9Q0FFYUJBb0NHZ0FxQkFvQUdnQQ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=www.google.co.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080324051713/http://orissa.gov.in/cmorissa/cm.asp Orissa Chief Ministers List]

{{s-start}}
{{Succession box
|before=[[Biju Patnaik]]
|title= [[Chief minister (India)|Chief minister]] of [[Odisha]]
|years=2 October 1963–21 February 1965
|after= [[Sadashiva Tripathy]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Biren}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1961–1967]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1967–1971]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]

{{Odisha-INC-politician-stub}}

Arindam Roy

2025-04-01T05:37:01Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|India actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arindam Roy
| image = Arindam Roy2.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Arindam Roy
| birth_date = 29 March 1984
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]] (formerly [[Orissa]])<ref name="book"/>
| occupation = Actor, Politician
| other_names = Rontu, Muna
| years_active = 2006-present
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| spouse = Anupa Das
| children = 1 (son)
| father = Gopal Chandra Ray
| mother =
| relatives = * [[Ashok Kumar Das]] (father in law) 
* Sandhya Rani Das (mother in law)
* [[Pranab Prakash Das]] (brother in law)
| awards =
}}
'''Arindam Roy''' (also spelled '''Arindam Ray''') is a politician<ref>{{Cite news |title=Odia actor Arindam Roy quits BJD, joins BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odia-actor-arindam-roy-quits-bjd-joins-bjp/articleshow/108531439.cms |access-date=2024-11-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and actor who works predominantly in [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia cinema]] apart from a few Bengali films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/alls-not-well-between-arindam-roy-and-prakruti-mishra/articleshow/16545543.cms|title=All's not well between Arindam Roy and Prakruti Mishra|work=The Times of India|date=26 September 2012|last=Naik|first=Jyoti Prakask}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/whats-cooking-in-arindams-kitchen/articleshow/75269791.cms|title=What's cooking in Arindam's kitchen?|date=21 April 2020|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="book">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBrzDwAAQBAJ&dq=Arindam+Roy+Prema+Rutu+Asilare&pg=PA176|title=Know Your State Odisha|date=4 June 2019 |publisher=Arihant Experts|isbn=9789313193272 }}</ref><ref name="name">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rishi-is-in-no-mood-for-takkar/articleshow/3310866.cms|title=Rishi is in no mood for Takkar|last=Choudary|first=Amrita Roy|work=The Times of India|date=1 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/plantation-challenge-by-ollywood-actors/articleshow/70363932.cms|title=Plantation challenge by Ollywood actors|last=Bal|first=Sandip|date=24 July 2019|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Personal life==
Arindam Ray born to Gopal Chandra Ray in an aristocratic [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SALIPUR(CUTTACK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1179 |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He married to Anupa Das, daughter of [[Ashok Kumar Das]] and younger sister of [[Pranab Prakash Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sourabha |date=2016-12-05 |title=Ollywood star Arindam ties knot with Odisha Min’s sister |url=https://sambadenglish.com/ollywood-star-arindam-ties-knot-with-odisha-mins-sister/#:~:text=Unlike%20the%20reel%20life%20marriages,in%20a%20high-profile%20wedding |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=Sambad English |language=en}}</ref> In 2024 [[Odisha Assembly|Odisha Assembly election]], he contested [[Salipur Assembly constituency]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ticket & lost to [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate in the margin of 7,594 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salipur Constituency Election Results 2024: Salipur Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/constituency-show/salipur |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Arindam Roy is an Indian actor who works in the Odia film industry and Bengali film industry. When he went to Bengali Industry, he changed his stage name to Rishi before changing it back to his original name.<ref name="name2">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/rishis-playing-the-name-game/articleshow/6007824.cms|title=Rishi's playing the name game|date=11 January 2017|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/im-a-born-fighter-rishi/articleshow/6970314.cms|title=I'm a born fighter: Rishi|date=11 January 2017|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Regarding his performance in the film ''[[Target Kolkata]]'', a critic wrote that "Arindam Roy acted well, but if he wants to make a future in Tollywood, he needs to work on his Bengali diction".<ref name="target">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/target-kolkata/movie-review/18146984.cms|title=Target Kolkata Movie Review|date=11 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> His Odia film ''Babu Bhaijaan'' was the last film before COVID19 pandemic. After pandemic his movie ''RAM'' released in silver screens. It was under his home banner Ratna films (4th movie under this banner).

== Selected filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Films
!Role
!Notes
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|2006
|''[[Prema Rutu Asilare]]''
|
|Debut Film
|<ref name="book"/>
|-
|rowspan="5" |2007
|''[[Kalishankar]]''
|Bikram
|
|<ref name="book"/>
|-
|''[[To pain nebi mu sahe janama]]''
|
|Longest running movie in theatre
|
|-
|''[[Mu tate love karuchi]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[E mana manena]]''
|
|
|
|-
||''[[Lal tuku tuku sadhaba bohu]]''
|
|Horror movie
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2008
|''[[Takkar (2008 film)|Takkar]]''
|Arun
|Bengali film
|<ref name="name"/>
|-
|''[[Mu Sapanara Soudagara]]''
|Chandan
|
|
|-
| ''[[Tomar Jonyo]]''
|
|Bengali film
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|''Olot Palot''
|
|Bengali film
|<ref name="name2"/>
|-
|''Path jadi na sesh hoy ''
|
|Bengali Flim
|
|-
|''[[Mitare Mita]]''
|
|
|<ref name="book"/>
|-
|''[[Tume hi sathi mora]]''
|
|
|
|-
| 2010
|''Mon Niye''
|
|Bengali film
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2011
|''Tu mo girl friend''
|Bunty
|
|
|-
|''Hero-Prem katha''
|Hero
|
|
|-
|''Criminal''
|Munna
|
|
|-
|''Piya Tumi''
|Akash
|Bengali
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012
|''[[Gud Boy]]''
|Raja
|
|<ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/we-make-a-great-pair-arindam-roy/articleshow/19356999.cms|title=We make a great pair: Arindam Roy|date=3 April 2013|last=Ghosh|first=Madhusree|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Raja Jhia Sathe Heigala Bhaba]]''
|Balaram Sahu (Balia)
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/arindam-roy-wants-to-date-angelina-jolie/articleshow/12366401.cms|title=Arindam Roy wants to date Angelina Jolie!|date=22 March 2012|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Parshuram (film)|Parshuram]]''
|
|
|<ref name="T"/>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
|''[[Paribeni kehi alaga kari]]''
|Deba
|
|
|-
|''[[Target Kolkata]]''
|
|Bengali Film
|<ref name="target"/>
|-
|''Ashok Samrat''
|Ashok, Samrat
|
|<ref name="T"/>
|-
|''[[Mu raja tu rani]]''
|Biju
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2015
|''[[Bhaunri]]''
|Nandu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/state-editions/mahurat-of-bhaunri--the-sinking-reality-organised.html|title=Mahurat of 'Bhaunri - The Sinking Reality' organised|date=28 May 2013|work=[[The Pioneer (India)|Daily Pioneer]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ishq Tu Hi Tu]]''
|Raghu
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://odishabytes.com/ishq-puni-thare-recreates-magic-romance-masala-movies/|title='Ishq Puni Thare' Recreates The Magic Of Romance & Masala Movies|date=15 September 2018|work=OdishaBytes|last=Prachitara}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Love you hamesha]]''
|Raja
|
|
|-
|''[[Kalki (2015 film)|Kalki]]''
|
|
|<ref name="book"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2016
|''[[Premare premare]]''
|Om
|
|
|-
|''[[Tora Dine Ku Mora Dine]]''
|
|
|<ref name="book"/>
|-
|rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Romeo Juliet (2017 film)|Romeo Juliet]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pragativadi.com/arindam-barsha-upcoming-odia-movie-romeo-juliet/|title=Arindam and Barsha in upcoming Odia movie "Romeo Juliet"|date=3 May 2017|work=[[Pragativadi]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504060936/http://pragativadi.com/arindam-barsha-upcoming-odia-movie-romeo-juliet/|archive-date=4 May 2017|access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shiva Not Out]]''
|Shiva
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Ishq Puni Thare]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/sep/14/celebrating-ganesh-puja-the-celeb-way-1871880.html|title=Celebrating Ganesh Puja the celeb way!|last=Das|first=Soumika M.|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Babu Bhaijaan]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://updateodisha.com/2019/08/09/arindam-sivani-to-come-together-in-odia-movie-babu-bhaijan-63259/|title=Arindam, Sivani to come together in Odia movie Babu Bhaijan|work=Update Odisha|date=9 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Ram (2023 film)|R.a.m]]''
|Ram, Karan
|Bilingual flim Odia & Bengali
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
*2006: Won [[Odisha State Film Awards#Odisha State Film Award for Best Actor|Odisha State Film Award for Best Actor]] for ''Prema Rutu Asilare'' (2006)<ref name="book"/>
*2012: Won [[ETV Odia Award#ETV Odia Film Award for Best Actor|ETV Odia Award for Best Actor]] for ''Raja Jhia Sange Heigala Bhaba''(2012)
*2013: Won [[Odisha State Film Award#Odisha State Film Award for Best Actor|Odisha State Film Award for Best Actor]] for "Mu Raja Tu Rani"(2013)
*2014: Nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Actor (Oriya) for ''Ashok Samrat'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-best-actor-oriya-5708-3.html|title=Nominations for the Best Actor (Oriya)|work=Filmfare|date=27 March 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|3373549}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Arindam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Odia cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Male actors from Odisha]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]

Patnaik

2025-03-30T05:57:15Z

The coderXE:

'''Patnaik''' (also spelled: Pattanayak, Pattanaik, Pattnayak, Chau Patnaik) is a native [[Odia people|Odia]] surname found in states like [[Odisha]], [[Uttarandhra|northeastern districts]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and southern districts of [[West Bengal]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Formation of the Province of Orissa: The Success of the First Linguistic Movement in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3wdAAAAMAAJ|author=S. C. Patra|publisher=Punthi Pustak|year=1979|page=58}}</ref> This surname is mainly found in [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] community of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hust |first=Evelin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xUqAAAAYAAJ |title=Women's Political Representation and Empowerment in India: A Million Indiras Now? |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-575-2 |language=en}}</ref> Tadhau Karana servitors of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] belonging to [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] community mainly use the title "Pattanayaka".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==
Notable people with the surname include:


*[[Ananga Kumar Patnaik]] (born 1949), Indian jurist, currently serving on the Supreme Court of India
*[[Arup Patnaik]] (born 1955), Former Police Commissioner of Mumbai, first and only Odia IPS officer to hold the post
*[[Biju Patnaik]] (1916–1997), Indian politician
*[[D. B. M. Patnaik]] (1925–2009), Indian lawyer, politician and communist leader
*[[Devdutt Pattanaik]] (born 1970), Indian mythologist, writer and columnist
*[[Devraj Patnaik]] (born 1975), Canadian-born composer, musician and choreographer
*[[Dinesh K. Patnaik]] (born 1967), Diplomat
*[[Donkada Patnaik]] (1925–2009), Indian solicitor and politician
*[[Ellora Patnaik]] (born 1968), Canadian-born actress and Odissi dancer
*[[Gopal Ballav Pattanaik]] (born 1937), Former Chief Justice of India
*[[Hara Patnaik]] (1958–2015), Oriya actor, film director and screenwriter
*[[Ila Patnaik]], Indian economist and a financial journalist
*[[Jagabandhu Patnaik]], dewan of Raja Arjun Singh of Porahat
*[[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] (1927-2015), was leader of the Indian National Congress and former chief minister of Orissa
*[[Naveen Patnaik]] (born 1946), the Chief Minister of Orissa, India
*[[Niranjan Patnaik]] - Indian politician. OPCC chief
*[[Prabhat Patnaik]] (born 1945), Indian Marxist economist and political commentator
*[[R. P. Patnaik]], Indian film music director
*[[Raghunath Patnaik]] - veteran leader of the Indian National Congress
*[[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]] - diversified business, print media, electronic media, FM radio and operas; member of Parliament Rajya Sabha
*[[Sudarshan Patnaik]] (born 1977), inventor of sand art in India
*[[Sudhir Pattnaik]] - journalist and a social activist of Odisha
*[[Utsa Patnaik]] - Indian Marxist economist

==See also==
*[[Biju Patnaik Airport]], also known as Bhubaneswar Airport in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
*[[Biju Patnaik University of Technology]], created by an act of the Orissa state legislature in 2002

==References==
<references />

{{surname|Patnaik}}

[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

Sarat Pattanayak

2025-03-27T16:37:11Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1956)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sarat Pattanayak
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |df=y|1956|08|15}}
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Rourkela district|Saintala]], [[Odisha]], India
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = President [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start = 23 May 2022
| term_end = 11 February 2025
| predecessor = [[Niranjan Patnaik]]
| successor = [[Bhakta Charan Das]]
| termstart1 = 2001
| termend1 = 2004
| predecessor1 = [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]
| successor1 = [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 1991
| term_end2 = 1998
| constituency2 = [[Balangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balangir]], [[Odisha]]
| predecessor2 = [[Balgopal Mishra]]
| successor2 = [[Sangeeta Kumari Singh Deo]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| otherparty =
| spouse = Namita Pattanayak
| children =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/3563?from=amembers&former=1&profileURL=https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3563.htm
}}
'''Sarat Pattanayak''' is an Indian politician hailing from [[Balangir district|Balangir]] in Odisha. He was elected to the 10th and 11th [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]] as a member of Parliament of the [[Indian National Congress]] party. He is currently President of the Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee.<ref name="People1997">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. House of the People|title=Lok Sabha Debates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbFXAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 November 2019|year=1997|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat.|page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDgWAQAAMAAJ|access-date=11 November 2019|year=1996|publisher=Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited|page=69}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1999, to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha: Details for assembly segments of parliamentary constituencies, pt. 1. Andhra Pradesh to Maharashtra. pt. 2. Manipur to West Bengal & U.Ts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4V6NAAAAMAAJ|access-date=11 November 2019|year=2000|publisher=Election Commission of India|page=676}}</ref><ref name="w837">{{cite web | title=Old war horse Sarat Pattnayak appointed Odisha Congress chief | website=The Times of India | date=23 May 2022 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-war-horse-sarat-pattnayak-appointed-odisha-congress-chief/articleshow/91749222.cms | access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born to Jugul Pattanayak on 15 August 1956 in a [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family, in [[Saintala]] near [[Balangir]]. He is married to Namita Pattanayak. They have two daughters and a son.

==Education==
He completed his bachelor's degree from [[Rajendra College Balangir|Rajendra College]], [[Balangir]] later pursuing a law ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) degree from [[Gangadhar Meher College (Autonomous), Sambalpur|Gangadhar Meher College]] & [[Lajpat Rai Law College]], [[Sambalpur]].

==Career==
Having served as an elected Member of [[Lok Sabha]] in the then ruling [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|P V Narasimha Rao]] government which gave him a close quarter view of the 1992 economic liberalisation in India, Sarat is currently serving as the [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee|Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee's]] president.<ref name="d602">{{cite web | title=Party presidents suffer defeat in Odisha assembly polls | website=The Economic Times | date=5 June 2024 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/party-presidents-suffer-defeat-in-odisha-assembly-polls/articleshow/110733308.cms?from=mdr | access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/3563?from=amembers&former=1&profileURL=https://lssapi.nic.in/MemberProfile/biodata_1_12/3563.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pattanayak, Sarat}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Balangir district]]

{{Odisha-INC-politician-stub}}

Bijoy Mohapatra

2025-03-27T16:35:49Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{cleanup|reason=All citations are grouped together at the end of the section|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name =Bijoy Mohapatra
|honorific-prefix =
|honorific-suffix =
|image = Bijoy Mohapatra.jpg
|caption =
|footnotes =
|signature =
|signature_alt =
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] ( Till May 2024)
|constituency1 = [[Patkura (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patkura]]
|office1 = Member: [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
|predecessor1 = [[Biju Patnaik]]
|successor1 = Trilochan Behera
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1950|11|7}}
|birth_place =Talakusuma
|death_date =
|death_place =
|nationality =
|otherparty = [[Nationalist Congress Party]], [[Odisha Gana Parishad]], [[Biju Janata Dal]] [[Janata Dal]] [[Janata Party]]
|spouse =
|partner = 
|relations =
|children =
|residence =
|alma_mater = [[Utkal University]]
|occupation =
|profession = [[Politician]]
|cabinet = Irrigation Minister (1990-1995),
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
|committees =
|portfolio =
|blank1 =
|data1 =
|website =
|term_start1 = 1980
|term_end1 = 2000
|restingplace =
|restingplacecoordinates =
|birthname =
}}

'''Bijoy Mohapatra''' (born 7 November 1950) is a [[politician]] from [[Odisha]]. A leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], he was Irrigation Minister of Odisha from 1990 to 1995 in the [[Biju Patnaik]] [[Cabinet of India|cabinet]]. He was the most powerful minister (known as Super Chief Minister) in Biju Patnaik's cabinet. He was four times [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Patkura (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patkura Constituency]] of [[Kendrapara (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara district]]. He won four straight elections in 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995.

==Early life==
He was born in an aristocratic [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family. After the completion of his early education at Korua High School, in 1965, Mohapatra received his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree from Kendrapara [[College]], [[Utkal University]] in 1969. He later received his [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]].

==Political career==
Sri Bijaya Mahapatra was the popular leader in Kendrapara district from [[Janata Dal]]. He contested from the Patkura seat in assembly elections of 1980, '85, '90 and '95. In [[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]] when Janata Dal won [[Biju Patnaik|Sri Bijayananda Pattanaik]] (Biju Babu) became CM. He appointed Mohapatra as the minister of Power, Irrigation & Parliamentary Matters. He was considered as "super chief minister" (the most powerful) in Biju Babu's cabinet. In 1995 Janata Dal lost & Congress won.

Mohapatra played an instrumental role in the formation of [[Biju Janata Dal]] in 1997 after the demise of Bijayananda Pattanaik. He was one of the founding members of Biju Janata Dal and one of the most powerful [[party leader|leaders in the party]]. He was the [[chairman]] of the Political Affairs Committee of the party. He was the leader of a group of leaders in the [[political party|party]], and was opposed to many decisions of party President [[Naveen Patnaik|Nabeen Pattanaik]].

In 2000, after filing a nomination paper for the Odisha Assembly elections in 2000, Mohapatra was busy in parliamentary board meeting of [[Biju Janata Dal]] as the chairman of parliamentary affairs committee. In the meantime, [[Naveen Patnaik]] as the president of the party, cancelled Mohapatra's ticket and gave it to Atanu Sabyasachi Nayak, a journalist who is the son of an Ex MLA. Due to lack of time, Bijoy couldn't reach to file a new nomination. Bijoy proceeded to support Trilocahan Behera, a candidate of the [[Trinamool Congress]], who won the seat by more than 40,000 votes over Atanu Sabyasachi, the official BJD nominee. The understanding was that Behera would vacate the seat for Bijoy. It is speculated that leaders like [[Pyarimohan Mohapatra]] had a role behind the ouster of Bijoy.

However, supporters of Mohapatra in the BJD could not get a majority in the BJD legislature party in the 2000 elections. As a result, Nabeen Pattanaik was elected as the leader of BJD legislature Party and a BJP-BJD government came to power in Odisha. After his failure to get the post of BJD legislature party, many of Mohapatra's supporters in the BJD kept mum or even supported Naveen Patnaik.

In 2001, Bijoy formed [[Odisha Gana Parishad]], a regional party. A majority of his supporters in the BJD did not join it, though, as they did not want to lose their power. The OGP formed an alliance with the [[Indian National Congress]] in the 2004 assembly elections, and got only four seats to contest. The Party won two of these seats, but Mohapatra narrowly lost his bid.

Due to financial constraints, Bijoy decided to merge his party with the [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]], and became its head in Odisha. However, before the 2009 elections, [[Sharad Pawar]], NCP National President decided to ally with BJD. In protest, Bijoy resigned from NCP in 2009 and joined BJP.

Presently, Mohapatra is a national executive member of BJP. However, due to very poor organisational strength of BJP in coastal Odisha, Bijoy lost the Assembly elections in 2009 and 2014, contesting from the [[Patkura]] and [[Mahakalapada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahakalapada]] Assembly seats respectively. Despite the setbacks, Mohapatra has decided to stay with BJP for the present. He was selected as the Campaign Committee Chairman of BJP for the [[Kandhamal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kandhamal Lok Sabha]] by-election in 2014.

Bijoy was sidelined in Odisha BJP since 2016, when Basant Panda was elected as BJP state president. He finally quit BJP on 30 November 2018 but returned again to BJP on 27 March 2019.

Bijoy Mohapatra was expelled from BJP for alleged anti-party activities in May, 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/amp/news/india/will-no-longer-be-showpieces-senior-leaders-dilip-ray-bijoy-mahapatra-quit-bjp-in-odisha-1955673.html|title='Will No Longer be Showpieces': Senior Leaders Dilip Ray, Bijoy Mahapatra Quit BJP in Odisha|date=30 November 2018 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1705/17050150.htm|title=On a roll in Orissa|website=www.frontline.in}}</ref>
<ref>{{YouTube|9_x_h037dCE}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140503/jsp/odisha/story_18302286.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729001617/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140503/jsp/odisha/story_18302286.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 July 2014|title=Naveen has no moral guts, authority|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/will-bijoy-mohapatra-be-third-time-lucky/article5899766.ece|title=Will Bijoy Mohapatra be third time lucky?|first=Satyasundar|last=Barik|date=11 April 2014|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishachannel.com/index.php/1860/bijoy-to-head-bjps-campaign-in-kandhamal/|title=Bijoy to head BJP's campaign in Kandhamal - OdishaChannel.com|website=odishachannel.com}}</ref>
<ref name="hindtoday.com">{{cite web|url=http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA|title=Orissa Politics: Bijoy Mohapatra : In Jaya Chandra's Path - By Manoj Padhi|website=hindtoday.com|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820041358/http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestatesman.com/mobi/news/odisha/bjd-govt-protecting-land-grabbers-bjp/88202.html|title=Latest News, India, Bengal News, Breaking News, Opinion, Bollywood News, Cricket, Football - The Statesman|website=The Statesman}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/special-category-status-to-odisha-is-naveen-losing-the-battle-of-perception-743671.html|title='Special Category' status to Odisha: Is Naveen losing the battle of perception? - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=May 2013 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article60991.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816231556/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article60991.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2016|title=Bijay's political future at stake}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-brings-bijoy-mohapatra-to-forefront-for-running-political-campaign/article7191352.ece|title=BJP brings Bijoy Mohapatra to forefront for running political campaign|author=Staff Reporter|date=11 May 2015|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20160125/281934541964802/TextView|title=|via=PressReader}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myneta.info/odisha2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1305|title=Bijoy Mohapatra(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MAHAKALAPADA(KENDRAPARA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|last=ADR|website=myneta.info}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bhubaneswars-Bijay-gets-bigger-role-in-BJP/articleshow/47233980.cms|title=Bhubaneswar's Bijay gets bigger role in BJP - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 May 2015 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Bijay-Mohapatra-in-political-twilight-zone/articleshow/35325523.cms|title=Bijay Mohapatra in political twilight zone - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 May 2014 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/06/19/bijoy-mohapatra-hints-at-dissent-in-odisha-bjp/|title=Bijoy Mohapatra hints at dissent in Odisha BJP - OdishaSunTimes.com|first=Odisha Sun Times|last=Bureau|website=odishasuntimes.com|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622191325/http://odishasuntimes.com/2016/06/19/bijoy-mohapatra-hints-at-dissent-in-odisha-bjp/|archive-date=22 June 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prameyanews7.com/en/mar2016/odisha/16963/Biju-had-visited-every-village-in-Odisha-Bijoy-Mohapatra-Biju-babu-visited-every-village-Bijay-MohapatraOdisha-Odisha.htm |title=Prameya News7 – Prameya News7, News7 Odia, Odisha Latest News, Odisha Current Headlines, Odisha News Online |access-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221082407/http://www.prameyanews7.com/en/mar2016/odisha/16963/Biju-had-visited-every-village-in-Odisha-Bijoy-Mohapatra-Biju-babu-visited-every-village-Bijay-MohapatraOdisha-Odisha.htm |archive-date=21 December 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bijoy-mohapatra-thrilled-to-bits-at-prospect-of-janata-dal-joining-nda/1/255668.html|title=Bijoy Mohapatra thrilled to bits at prospect of Janata Dal joining NDA|website=India Today|date=16 August 1999 }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://odishasamaya.com/uncategorized/naveen-himself-should-come-under-cbi-scanner-on-chit-fund-bijoy-mohapatra/10712 |title=Naveen himself should come under CBI scanner on Chit fund: Bijoy Mohapatra - Odisha Samaya |access-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815180345/http://odishasamaya.com/uncategorized/naveen-himself-should-come-under-cbi-scanner-on-chit-fund-bijoy-mohapatra/10712 |archive-date=15 August 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} </ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishachannel.com/index.php/1681/bijoy-seeks-cbi-probe-into-ghangapatna-land-scam/|title=Bijoy seeks CBI probe into Ghangapatna land scam - OdishaChannel.com|website=odishachannel.com}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsweb.co.in/news_article_en.php?article=253 |title=NewsWeb.co.in |access-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918064302/http://www.newsweb.co.in/news_article_en.php?article=253 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} </ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohapatra, Bijoy}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]
[[Category:People from East Singhbhum district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1980–1985]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Utkal Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1985–1990]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1995–2000]]

Odia people

2025-03-23T09:05:43Z

The coderXE:

{{short description|none}}
{{Redirect|Odias||Odia (disambiguation){{!}}Odia}}
{{pp-move}}

{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Odias
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଲୋକ Odiā Lōka
| native_name_lang = od
| flag =
| image = Odissi in a Group.jpg
| image_caption = Dancers performing [[odissi]]
| population = 40 million
| region1 = {{IND}}
| pop1 = 38,033,000 (2021)
| langs = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| religions = '''Predominantly''': [[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] '''Minorities''': {{hlist|[[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[Christianity]]|[[File:Allah-green.svg|15px]] [[Islam]]
|[[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|12px]] [[Jainism]]|[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|18px]] [[Buddhism]] and others}}
| related_groups = [[Indo-Aryan people ]], [[Bonaz]] people
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
[[File:Jagannath during 2011.jpg|thumb|Lord Jagannath]]
The '''Odia''' ({{lang|or|ଓଡ଼ିଆ}}), formerly spelled '''Oriya''', are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] [[ethno-linguistic group]] native to the Indian state of [[Odisha]] who speak the [[Odia language]]. They constitute a majority in the eastern coastal state, with significant minority populations existing in the neighboring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA233|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|isbn=9781598846591|last1=Minahan|first1=James|year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of Odisha}}
'''<big>Ancient period</big>'''
[[File:Udaygiri and Khandagiri Cave - 1.jpg|thumb|'''Udaygiri and Khandagiri Cave - 1''']]
According to political scientist Sudama Misra, the Kalinga [[janapada]] originally comprised the area covered by the [[Puri district|Puri]] and [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] districts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miśra |first=Sudāmā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dua1AAAAIAAJ |title=Janapada State in Ancient India |date=1973 |publisher=Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana |language=en}}</ref>

According to some scriptures ([[Mahabharata]] and some [[Puranas]]), a king Bali, the [[Vairocana]] and the son of Sutapa, had no sons. So, he requested the sage, Dirghatamas, to bless him with sons. The sage is said to have begotten five sons through his wife, the queen Sudesna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Patil |first=Rajaram D. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jmnm-smZm6oC&dq=bali+sudesna&pg=PA46 |title=Cultural History From The Vayu Purana |date=1973 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2085-2 |language=en}}</ref> The princes were named [[Anga#Origin of name|Anga]], [[Vanga kingdom#References in the Mahabharata|Vanga]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]], [[Suhma kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Sumha]] and [[Pundra kingdom#References in Mahabharata|Pundra]].<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Odisha |date=2024-12-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Odisha#cite_note-7500BC-3 |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en}}</ref> The princes later founded kingdoms named after themselves. The prince Vanga founded [[Vanga kingdom]], in the current day region of [[Bangladesh]] and part of [[West Bengal]]. The prince Kalinga founded the kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]], in the current day region of coastal Odisha, including the North Sircars.<ref>{{Citation |title=History of Odisha |date=2024-12-03 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Odisha#cite_note-enHindu-5 |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en}}</ref>

The Mahabharata also mentions Kalinga several more times. Srutayudha, the king of Kalinga, son of [[Varuna]] and river Parnasa, had joined the [[Kaurava]] camp in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. He had been given a divine [[Gada (mace)|mace]] by his father on request of his mother, which protected him as long he wielded it. But, Varuna had warned his son, that using it on a non-combatant will cause the death of the wielder himself. In the frenzy of battle, harried by [[Arjuna]]'s arrows, he made the mistake of launching it at Krishna, Arjuna's charioteer, who was unarmed. The mace bounced off Krishna and killed Srutayudha. The archer who killed [[Krishna]], Jara Savara, and [[Ekalavya]] are said to have belonged to the [[Sabar people]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA97 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref>

In the Buddhist text, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga and its ruler, Sattabhu, have been mentioned.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Hemchandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1KObc_qaXYC&dq=Mahagovinda+Suttanta+kalinga&pg=PA75 |title=Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty |date=2006 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-307-0291-9 |language=en}}</ref>

In the 6th century ''sutrakara'' (chronicler), Baudhayana, mentions Kalinga as not yet being influenced by Vedic traditions. He also warns his people from visiting Kalinga (among other kingdoms), saying one who visits it must perform penance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&pg=PA68 |title=Indian Civilization and Culture |date=1998 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-083-2 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 2.jpg|thumb|Lingaraj Temple, Bhubaneswar.]]

===Medieval period===
The [[Shailodbhava dynasty]] ruled the region from the sixth to the eighth century. They built the [[Parashurameshvara Temple]] in the 7th century, which is the oldest known temple in Bhubaneswar. The ruled Odisha from the 8th to the 10th century. They built several Buddhist monasteries and temples, including [[Lalitgiri]], [[Udayagiri, Odisha|Udayagiri]] and [[Baitala Deula]]. The [[Keshari dynasty]] ruled from the 9th to the 12th century. The [[Lingaraj Temple]], [[Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar|Mukteshvara Temple]] and [[Rajarani Temple]] in Bhubaneswar were constructed during the [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Smith |title=The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0MQmNx8g2gC |year=1994 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0793-8 |page=27}}</ref> They were introduced as a new style of architecture in Odisha, and the dynasty's rule shifted from [[Buddhism]] to [[Brahmanism]].{{sfn|Smith|1994|p=26}}
[[File:19s Bengal province map.jpg|thumb|Undivided Odisha and Bihar states.]]

===Modern period ===
Odisha remained an independent regional power until the early 16th century. It was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] under [[Akbar]] in 1568 and was thereafter subject to a succession of Mughal and [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule before coming under [[Company rule in India|British control]] in 1803.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/book-by-british-ics-officer-covers----orissa--as-a-whole.html|title=Book by British ICS officer covers 'Orissa' as a whole|website=dailypioneer|author=GYANENENDRA NATH MITRA|date=25 December 2019|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref>

In 1817, a combination of high taxes, administrative malpractice by the ''[[zamindar]]s'' and dissatisfaction with the new land laws led to a [[Paik Rebellion|revolt against Company rule]] breaking out, which many Odias participated in. The rebels were led by General [[Bakshi Jagabandhu|Jagabandhu Bidyadhara Mohapatra Bhramarbara Raya]].<ref name="Mahmud1994">{{cite book|author=Sayed Jafar Mahmud|title=Pillars of Modern India 1757-1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8XPyBqxwX8C&pg=PA10|access-date=10 February 2013|year=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-586-5|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/paika-bidroha-to-be-named-as-1st-war-of-independence/article19909264.ece| title = 'Paika Bidroha' to be named as 1st War of Independence - NATIONAL - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]| date = 23 October 2017}}</ref>

Under Maratha control, major Odia regions were transferred to the rulers of Bengal that resulted in successive decline of the language over the course of time in vast regions that stretched until today's [[Midnapore district|Midnapore]] district of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sengupta | first=N. | title=Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TI8GQioaoL4C | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8475-530-5 }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=January 2023}}

Odisha became a separate province and the first officially recognized language-based state of India in 1936, after the amalgamation of the Odia regions from [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[Madras Presidency]] and [[Chhattisgarh Division]] was successfully executed. 26 Odia [[princely state]]s, including [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Sadheikala-Kharasuan]] in today's [[Jharkhand]], also signed a merger with the newly formed state, while many major Odia-speaking areas were left out due to political incompetence.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsXLDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86|title=Language Policy and Education in India: Documents, contexts and debates|isbn=9781134878246|access-date=25 December 2019|last1=Sridhar|first1=M.|last2=Mishra|first2=Sunita|date=5 August 2016|publisher=Routledge }}</ref>

==Communities==
The Odia people are subdivided into several communities such as the [[Utkala Brahmin]], [[Karan (caste)|Karan]], [[Kayastha]], [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat]] [[Gopal (caste)|Gopal]], [[Komati (caste)|Kumuti]] (Kalinga Vysya), [[Chasa caste|Chasa]], [[Bania (caste)|Bania]], [[Bhulia]], [[Kansabanik|Kansari]], [[Kuilta]], [[Gudia (caste)|Gudia]], [[Patra (caste)|Patara]], [[Tanti]], [[Teli]], [[Viswakarma (caste)|Badhei]], [[Kamar (caste)|Kamara]], [[Barika (caste)|Barika]], [[Mali (caste)|Mali]], [[Kumhar|Kumbhar]], [[Siyal (caste)|Siyal]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvJ5G17FkOoC&dq=founder+of+sialkot&pg=PA180 |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research in Archaeology, History, Literature, Languages, Folklore Etc |date=1884 |publisher=Education Society's Press |language=en}}</ref> [[Sundhi]], [[Jalia Kaibarta|Keuta]], [[Dhobi|Dhoba]], [[Bhoi|Bauri]], [[Kandara]], [[Domba]], [[Pano (caste)|Pano]],[[Hadi]].<ref name="BehuraMohanty2005">{{cite book|author1=Nab Kishore Behura|author2=Ramesh P. Mohanty|title=Family Welfare in India: A Cross-cultural Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6Gz0ZDw7PQC&pg=PA49|year=2005|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7141-920-3|pages=49–}}</ref>

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Odisha}}
'''<big>Religion</big>'''
[[File:Gita Govinda (Song of the Cowherd) Manuscript LACMA M.71.1.33.jpg|thumb|gita govinda manuscript]]
In its long history, Odisha has had a continuous tradition of [[dharmic religions]] especially [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]]. [[Ashoka]]'s conquest of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga (India)]] made Buddhism a principal religion in the state which led to the establishment of numerous [[Stupas]] and non religion learning centres. During [[Kharavela]]'s reign [[Jainism]] found prominence. However, by the middle of the 9th century CE there was a revival of [[Hinduism]] as attested by numerous temples such as Mukteshwara, Lingaraja, Jagannath and Konark, which were erected starting from the late 7th century CE. Part of the revival in Hinduism was due to [[Adi Shankaracharya]] who proclaimed [[Puri]] to be one of the four holiest places or ''[[Char Dham]]'' for Hinduism. Odisha has, therefore, a syncretic mixture of the three dharmic religions as attested by the fact that the [[Jagannath Temple]] in Puri is considered to be holy by [[Hindus]], Buddhists and [[Hindus|Jains]].

Presently, the majority of people in the state of Odisha are [[Hindus]]. As per the census of 2001, Odisha is the third largest Hindu-populated state (as a percentage of population) in India. However, while Odisha is predominantly Hindu it is not monolithic. There is a rich cultural heritage in the state owing to the Hindu faith. For example, Odisha is home to several Hindu saints. [[Bhima Bhoi|Sant Bhima Bhoi]] was a leader of the [[Mahima Religion|Mahima sect movement]], [[Sarala Dasa]], was the translator of the epic [[Mahabharata]] in Odia, Chaitanya Dasa was a [[Vaishnavism|Buddhistic-Vaishnava]] and writer of the ''Nirguna Mahatmya'', [[Jayadeva]] was the author of the ''[[Gita Govinda]]'' and is recognized by the Sikhs as one of their most important bhagats. Swami Laxmananda Saraswati is a modern-day Hindu saint of [[Adivasi]] heritage.

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|kalinga architecture}}
[[File:700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 111.jpg|thumb|700 CE Mukhalingeswara Temples Group, Kalinga architecture, Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh - 111]]
[[File:Mukteswar Temple Detail.jpg|thumb|Mukteswar Temple (Kalinga Architecture)]]
[[File:Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha.jpg|thumb|Udayagiri Caves - Hathi Gumpha]]
[[File:Stone wheel engraved in the 13th century built Konark Sun Temple in Orissa, India.jpg|thumb|Stone wheel engraved in the 13th century built Konark Sun Temple in Orissa, India]]
The '''Kaḷinga architectural style''' is a style of [[Hindu architecture]] which flourished in the ancient [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] previously known as [[Utkal]] and in present eastern Indian state of [[Odisha]]. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with [[Vishnu]], [[Surya]] and [[Shiva]] temples while the third is mainly with [[Chamunda]] and [[Durga]] temples. The Rekha Deula and Khakhara Deula houses are the [[sanctum sanctorum]] while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.{{Culture of Odisha}}

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Cuisine of Odisha}}
[[File:Chena poda.jpg|thumb|Chena poda a sweet delicacy from Odisha.]]
Seafood and sweets dominate Odia cuisine. Rice is the staple cereal and is eaten throughout the day. Popular Odia dishes are [[rasagolla]], [[rasabali]], [[chhena poda]], [[chhena kheeri]], [[chhena jalebi]], chenna jhilli, [[chhenagaja]], [[khira sagara]], [[Dalma (dish)|dalma]], tanka torani and [[pakhala]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/features/cuisine-of-odisha/|title=Cuisine Of Odisha|website=odishanewsinsight|date=16 November 2019|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/food/odia-delicacies-in-bengalurus-first-ama-odia-bhoji-to-tickle-taste-buds20200112200631/|title=Odia delicacies in Bengaluru's first 'Ama Odia Bhoji' to tickle taste buds|website=aninews|date=12 January 2020|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

=== Festivals ===
{{Main|Festivals of Odisha}}'''<big>Ratha yatra</big>'''
[[File:Rath Yatra Puri 07-11027.jpg|thumb|Rath Yatra festival in Puri ,Odisha.]]
A stunning example of Kalinga architecture is the Jagannath Temple, which was constructed in the twelfth century by King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva. The goddesses Subhadra, Balabhadra, and Lord Jagannath reside in this hallowed shrine. The festival of Ratha Yatra, which draws pilgrims and visitors from all over the world, is closely linked to the history of the Jagannath Temple.
[[File:Puri Rath Yatra by Fergusson.jpg|thumb|Ratha yatra festival in Puri by Fegursson.]]
A wide variety of festivals are celebrated throughout the year; There is a saying in Odia, ‘Baarah maase, terah parba’, that there are 13 festivals in a year. Well known festivals that are popular among the Odia people include the [[Ratha Yatra]], [[Durga Puja]], [[Raja (festival)|Rajo]], [[Maha Shivratri]], [[Kartika Purnima]], [[Dola Purnima]], [[Ganesh Puja]], [[Chandan Yatra]], [[Snana Yatra]], [[Makar Mela]], [[Chhau Festival]], and [[Nuakhai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2018 |title=The tenacious people of Odisha |url=https://telanganatoday.com/tenacious-people-odisha |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405221401/https://telanganatoday.com/tenacious-people-odisha |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=telanganatoday}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Ratha Yatra Praha 2019.jpg|thumb|Lord Jagannath with his siblings.]]
Odisha is one of the most religiously and ethnically homogeneous states in India. More than 94% of the people are followers of Hinduism.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archivedate=25 August 2015}}</ref> Hinduism in Odisha is more significant due to the specific Jagannath culture followed by Odia Hindus due to independent rule of Odia [[Hindu king]]s. Hinduism flourished in the eastern coastal region under patronage of the Hindu kings: arts, literature, maritime trade, vedic rituals were given importance. The practices of the [[Jagannath]] sect is popular in the state and the annual Ratha Yatra in Puri draws pilgrims from across India.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenewleam.com/2018/07/lord-jagannaths-rathyatra-as-a-marker-of-odia-identity/|title=Lord Jagannath's Rathyatra as a Marker of Odia Identity|website=thenewleam|date=23 July 2018|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{See also|List of people from Odisha}}
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}


* {{annotated link |Achyutananda Dasa}}
* {{annotated link |Binayak Acharya}}
* {{annotated link |Afzal-ul Amin}}
* {{annotated link |Subroto Bagchi}}
* {{annotated link |Bhikari Bal}}
* {{annotated link |Hemananda Biswal}}
* {{annotated link |Bhagabat Behera}}
* {{annotated link |Chakradhar Behera}}
* {{annotated link |Chandi Prasad Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Sanatan Mahakud}}
* {{annotated link |Krishna Beura}}
* {{annotated link |Kadambini Mohakud}}
* {{annotated link |Dutee Chand}}
* {{annotated link |Nabakrushna Choudhuri}}
* {{annotated link |Ashok Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhusita Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bidhu Bhusan Das}}
* {{annotated link |Bishwanath Das}}
* {{annotated link |Gopabandhu Das}}
* {{annotated link |Madhusudan Das}}
* {{annotated link |Manoj Das}}
* {{annotated link |Nandita Das}}
* {{annotated link |Prabhat Nalini Das}}
* {{annotated link |Shaktikanta Das}}
* {{annotated link |Anil Dash}}
* {{annotated link |Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo}}
* {{annotated link |Giridhar Gamang}}
* {{annotated link |Hussain Rabi Gandhi}}
* {{annotated link |Biswabhusan Harichandan}}
* {{annotated link |Mehmood Hussain}}
* {{annotated link |Binod Kanungo}}
* {{annotated link |Madhu Sudan Kanungo}}
* {{annotated link |Indrajit Mahanty}}
* {{annotated link |Jayanta Mahapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Harekrushna Mahatab}}
* {{annotated link |Lalit Mansingh}}
* {{annotated link |Chaturbhuj Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Gangadhar Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Kailash Chandra Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Kunja Bihari Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Sadhu Meher}}
* {{annotated link |Atharuddin Mohammed}}
* {{annotated link |Pramod Kumar Mishra}}
* {{annotated link |Sabyasachi Mishra}}
* {{annotated link |Baidyanath Misra}}
* {{annotated link |B. K. Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Dipak Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Ranganath Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Tapan Misra}}
* {{annotated link |Biren Mitra}}
* {{annotated link |Sayeed Mohammed}}
* {{annotated link |Anubhav Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Baisali Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Debashish Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Surendra Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Uttam Mohanty}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhu Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Kelucharan Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Sona Mohapatra}}
* {{annotated link |Arabinda Muduli}}
* {{annotated link |Droupadi Murmu}}
* {{annotated link |Srabani Nanda}}
* {{annotated link |Bibhuti Bhushan Nayak}}
* {{annotated link |Pragyan Ojha}}
* {{annotated link |Nila Madhab Panda}}
* {{annotated link |Arun K. Pati}}
* {{annotated link |Biju Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Janaki Ballabh Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Jayanti Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Naveen Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Sudarshan Patnaik}}
* {{annotated link |Sambit Patra}}
* {{annotated link |Devdutt Pattanaik}}
* {{annotated link |Dharmendra Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Manasi Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |S.N. Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Tapan Kumar Pradhan}}
* {{annotated link |Ramakanta Rath}}
* {{annotated link |Nilamani Routray}}
* {{annotated link |Sarojini Sahoo}}
* {{annotated link |Archita Sahu}}
* {{annotated link |Jairam Samal}}
* {{annotated link |Debasish Samantray}}
* {{annotated link |Biplab Samantray}}
* {{annotated link |Pratap Chandra Sarangi}}
* {{annotated link |Nandini Satpathy}}
* {{annotated link |Fakir Mohan Senapati}}
* {{annotated link |Sadashiva Tripathy}}
* {{annotated link |Bijaya Kumar Sahoo}}


{{div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Odia diaspora]]
*[[Folk dance forms of Odisha]]
*[[Odia language]]
*[[Arts of Odisha]]
*[[Kalinga architecture]]
*[[Cinema of Odisha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Odia people}}
* [http://www.odisha.gov.in/ Odisha.gov.in]

{{Odisha}}

[[Category:Indo-Aryan peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:People from Odisha| ]]

Rai (title)

2025-03-23T09:03:44Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Indian honorific title}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}}

'''Rai''' is a historical title of royalty and nobility in the [[Indian subcontinent]] used by rulers and chieftains of many [[princely states]]. It is derived from ''[[Raja]]'' (king). The Marathi/Telugu variant Rai was used as a substitute to King.

When [[Babur]] conquered [[Hindustan]], he found many principalities which had been subordinated by the Emperor of Hindustan and innumerable others which never have been effectively subdued. When [[Akbar]] ascended to the throne, Hindustan had numerous autonomous and semiautonomous rulers. These hereditary rulers were known by various names such as ''Rais'', ''Rajas'', ''[[Rana (title)|Ranas]]'', and ''Rawals''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Ahsan Raza |date=1977 |title=Chieftains in the Mughal Empire during the reign of Akbar |publisher=Simla |language=en }}</ref>

During Mughal rule, while conferring a title on a [[Hindus|Hindu]] chief the word Raja or Rai was added to the name of person. The Mughals seems to have inherited the practice of bestowing titles from the Sultans of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Phul |first=R.K |title=Armies of Great Mughal|pages=198–199}}</ref> The appellation "Rai" is primarily applied to men, while for women the appellation "[[Rani]]" is used.

During [[British Raj|British Rule]], ''Rai Sahib'' and ''Rai Bahadur'' were titles of honour given for service of visionary leadership to the nation. They were given immense power too and were equivalent to autonomous native rulers within their feudal estates

Other variations of ''Rai'' are ''Roy'', ''Ray'' and ''Rao''. These are also used as titles by [[Bhumihar]],<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Communities vol 6|page=471|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=bhumihars+use+thakur+title|author=KS Singh|date=1998 |publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-19-563354-2 |quote=In Bihar , the Babhan are also known as Bhumihar Brahman . They have titles such as Rai , Singh , Pandey , Tiwari , Chaudhry and Thakur.}}</ref> [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]], [[Kayastha|Kayasthas]] and [[Ahir|Ahirs]]. Rai was the title used by the [[Zamindar|Zamindars]] (landowners) of Eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] during the colonial rule after the Permanent settlement system introduced in [[Bengal]]-Bihar and the state of [[Benares State|Benaras]].

The descendants of these earlier rulers, chieftains and leaders still use these titles as patronymics, but these titles although having social acceptance and prestige as per local customs, holds no recognition and privilege in the eye of law after the abolition of titles in 1971 from the Indian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gazette of India, 1971 |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/stream/E13841971009161722/E-1384-1971-0091-61722_djvu.txt}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Rana (title)]]
* [[Babu (title)]]
* [[Raja]]
* [[Rani]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html WorldStatesmen – India]
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |title=Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara |date=2015 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-903639-7-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI8HBgAAQBAJ |quote={{PD-notice}} |ref={{sfnref|Vijay K. Jain|2015}} }}
*{{cite web|url=http://scci.net.pk/pdetail.php?eid=739&mid=26|title=Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry|publisher=scci.net.pk|access-date=2015-11-15}}
*{{cite book|title=Federal & Provincial the Minor Acts: Civil & Criminal|author1=Pakistan|author2=Bhatti, R.M.Z.|author3=Mushtaq, M.I.|date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLETnQEACAAJ|access-date=2015-11-15}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Roy}}
[[Category:Cultural history of India]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:History of South Asia]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]

Karan (caste)

2025-03-23T08:40:32Z

The coderXE: Better explanation

{{Short description|Social community of Odisha, India}}
{{For|the same surname and title|Karanam}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name = Karan
|native_name = କରଣ
|subdivisions = Karan, Karan Vaishnav
|populated_states = [[Odisha]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]]
|languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|status = [[Forward caste]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajasekhar |first1=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0mOAAAAMAAJ&q=karana+caste+ |title=Affirmative Action and Political Participation: Elected Representatives in the Panchayats of Orissa |last2=Patnaik |first2=Pratyusna |last3=Manjula |first3=R. |date=2005 |publisher=Institute for Social and Economic Change |isbn=978-81-7791-122-0 |language=en}}</ref>
|related = [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmin]]
}}
The '''Karan or Karana''' is a community found in the state of [[Odisha]] in [[India]].<ref name="Pati2008">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Pati|title=Family Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|pages=116–}}</ref> The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004">{{Cite journal |last=Raut |first=L.N. |date=2004 |title=Jati Formation in Early Medieval Orissa: Reflection on Karana (Kayastha Caste) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144743 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=65|pages=304–308 |jstor=44144743 }}</ref> They held [[Karanam]] posts in some parts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], where they speak [[Odia language|Odia]] and played a similar role in Odisha to that of the [[Kayastha]]s of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="Rao1990">{{cite book|author=M. Kodanda Rao|title=Cultural and Structural Dimensions of Family: A Study of Jalari Fishermen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKhxpLqX9bsC&pg=PA34|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-270-5|pages=34–}}</ref> In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to [[Brahmin]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=karan+rank+next+to+brahmin&pg=PA116 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patra |first=Patitapaban |date=December 1994 |title=Archeological remains of Dhenkanal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/118750 |journal=Utkal University, Department of History |volume=V |pages=205–206|hdl=10603/118750 }}</ref> They exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governors, military commanders, [[record keeper]]s and [[dewan]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Pramod Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GzaAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana |title=Colonialism and South Asia: Cuttack, 1803-1947 |date=2007 |publisher=R.N. Bhattacharya |isbn=978-81-87661-52-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Ramesh P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl66OPnClpoC&pg=PA40 |title=Culture, Gender and Gender Discrimination: Caste Hindu and Tribal |last2=Biswal |first2=Durgesh Nandini |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-199-1 |page=40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceDuDwAAQBAJ&dq=srikarana&pg=PA375 |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4103-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Sri+Karana++Mahasenapati |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref> They owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Sadasiba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_UeAAAAMAAJ&q=athgarh+state+srikaran |title=Agrarian and Political Movements: States of Orissa, 1931 to 1949 |date=1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0038-3 |language=en}}</ref> They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Joanna Gottfried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22wCxbKAdmkC&dq=The+Two-headed+Deer%3A+Illustrations+of+the+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+in+Orissa&pg=PA90 |title=The Two-headed Deer: Illustrations of the Rāmāyaṇa in Orissa |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08065-2 |language=en}}</ref> Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for 50 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Origin==
===Divisions===
Karanas in Odisha are divided into various divisions, out of these divisions [[Kshatriya]] Karanas are considered superior to other divisions of Karanas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana%20caste |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref> They are classified as Vratyas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prinsep |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q_gAAAAMAAJ&dq=ray+karan+caste&pg=RA2-PA34 |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |date=1905 |publisher=Bishop's College Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas used to observe rituals like [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] and [[Upanayana]] in their community.<ref name=bd>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Biswarup |date=1980 |title=Kayasthas and Karanas in Orissa—A Study on Inscriptions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141924 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=41 |pages=940–944 |jstor=44141924 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

===Medieval Period===
The frequent admission of land grants to princes, [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] and various officials gave rise to a new new class of writers. However the Karanas crystallized into a distinct caste only in the 10th or 11th century AD owning to social mobility. Any mention of the term prior to that period simply denotes its functional aspect rather than a caste affiliation.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004"/>

==Social status==
'''Medieval Period'''

Karanas alongwith [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] feature in the 10th century inscriptions of [[Odisha]] and are represented as heads of the local population. Such depiction denotes their high social rank.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Brahmana+Karana+-+Puroga+-+nivasi |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref> Karanas enjoyed high status in medieval period and [[Marriage|married]] within the royal households. An example of this can be found in the Arasavali copper plate of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] monarch Vajrahasta III.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004" /> They occupied high positions under the feudatory kings of Odisha, most of them were appointed as [[Dewan]]s in the princely states of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF4KAQAAIAAJ&q=held+high |title=Orissa District Gazetteers |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas find mention in [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhauma-Kara]] records and are represented as Sadhyadhikarana or Chief Judicial Officer of a district. Similarly Srikarana featured in the temple inscription is said to have been the accountant general of [[Anangabhima Deva III]] of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. A Kosthakarana was a top administrative officer of Narsimha Deva 4 of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]]. Terms like Deula Karana represented the rank of Temple administrator. Samanta Karanas were the aristrocratic families of Karanas from Odisha, the word Samanta was also used by the kings of Odisha, thus it can be said Karanas were associated with the royal families of [[Odisha]].<ref name=bd/> The head of a Karana family was known as Samanta while his wife was known as Samantani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUvRAAAAMAAJ&q=head+of+a+karan+family+samanta |title=History of Orissa in the 19th Century |date=1964 |publisher=Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Some Karanas also received land grants and held feudatory status in medieval Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Shishir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC1uAAAAMAAJ&q=karanas+received+land+grants |title=New Perspectives on the History and Culture of Orissa |date=2000 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-23-3 |language=en}}</ref> They appear to be an important community in [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] as they held high positions in the government such as the post of army general, prime minister and accountant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Dr Manas Kumar |date=May 7, 2022 |title=DDCE, Utkal |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204044741/http://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=ddceutkal.ac.in }}</ref> Karanas were associated with the administration of the ruling dynasties of Odisha, a general named Srikarana Mahananda Senapati of the Karan caste was the army general and governor of Anangabhima 3 of Eastern Ganga dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Biswarup |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfYdAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana+caste |title=Orissa: Social, Cultural, and Religious Aspects |date=1985 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> Srikarana Mahananda Senapati was the Senadhyakshawara of the Kingdom or Commander in chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parida |first=Asok Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jluAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+mahananda+senapati |title=Aspects of Socio-cultural Life in Early and Medieval Orissa |date=1996 |publisher=DSA Programme, Post Graduate Department of History, Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Another official named Srikarana Pattanaik Viswanatha Mahasenapati was the army general and governor of Narsimha Deva 4 of Eastern Ganga Dynasty, he governed four Dandapatas or Rajyas of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]], he was also the Puro Srikarana of the Kingdom or Prime Minister.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Another general named Srikarana Suru Senapati under the reign of Anangabhima Dev 2 is said to have donated lands to the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple of Puri]] as evidenced from inscriptions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=S. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iY8MAQAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+senapati |title=Virajā, the Capital of Ancient Orissa |date=2007 |publisher=Pratibha Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7702-148-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ramananda Ray]] was the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]], he was also a minister of [[Prataparudra Deva|Gajapati Prataparudra Deva]], [[Ramananda Ray]]a belonged to Karan community. The founder of [[Athgarh State]] was Raja SriKaran Niladri Bhagirath Barman Patnaik. He was the minister of the Raja of Puri, who conferred on him the title of Raja and gave him Athgarh for his service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>

'''Modern Period'''

In British colonial era, Karanas owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha and were extremely rich.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Bishnupada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuLZAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+zamindar |title=Some Aspects of Socio-economic Changes in South Western Frontier Bengal Since Introduction of Neo-Vaiṣṇavism |date=1996 |publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7102-049-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+zamindar+extremely+rich |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/189767/11/11_chapter%25204.pdf |title=sg.inflibnet.ac.in |format= }}</ref> They also received large amounts of land grants in Khurda administration of [[Khurda kingdom|Khurda]] Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanabe |first=Akio |date= 2020|title=Genealogies of the "Paika Rebellion": Heterogeneities and Linkages |journal=International Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S1479591420000157 |issn=1479-5914|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In recent post-Independence era India, they have also played a dominant role in politics. Such is their prominence in politics that many members from the Karan community have been elected as the [[Chief Ministers of Odisha]], hence they are also dubbed as the political caste of Odisha.<ref name="VermaSingh2020">{{cite book|author1=Pramit Verma|author2=Pardeep Singh|title=Urban Ecology: Emerging Patterns and Social-Ecological Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7vbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|date=14 July 2020|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-820731-4|pages=83–}}</ref>

== Society and culture ==
'''Role in temple administration'''

Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana sub divisions of Karanas are the key servitors in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] of Puri. They alongwith other key servitors manage the administration of temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Servitors firm on Sri Jagannath temple lock |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/oct/13/servitors-firm-on-sri-jagannath-temple-lock-2209588.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 October 2020 }}</ref> Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana servitors are also the representatives of the Raja of Puri and assist him in performing the temple rituals associated with Lord Jagannath.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-16 |title=Transfer of 'soul' during Nabakalebara {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/transfer-of-soul-during-nabakalebara/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable people==

=== Chief Ministers ===
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and freedom fighter.<ref name="Rediff.com 2000">{{cite web | title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa | website=Rediff.com | date=2000-02-14 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm | access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref>
* [[Biren Mitra]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]].<ref>"Rediff.com 2000"</ref>
* [[Biju Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], freedom fighter, industrialist and pilot.<ref name="toi_patnaik">{{cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and former [[Governor of Assam]].<ref name="toi_patnaik" />
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and second longest serving Chief Minister of any Indian state.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Freedom Fighters & Social Reformers ===
* [[Madhusudan Das|Utkala Gouraba Madhusudan Das]]; Indian Lawyer, industrialist, social reformer, founder of [[Utkal Sammilani]] and prominent figure for creation of [[Orissa Province]] (present-day [[Odisha]], India).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Hiranya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV8uEAAAQBAJ&dq=madhusudan+das+karan+caste&pg=PT168 |title=Odisha of My Times: English Translation of "Mo Samayara Odisha" by Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |date=2021-05-14 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63850-732-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhuri|Gopabandhu Choudhury]]; deputy magistrate in British Government, Indian activist, social worker and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=Choudhury++Karana |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]]; freedom fighter, social reformer and [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner.
* [[Annapurna Maharana|Annapurna Choudhury]]; women's rights activist and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-03 |title=Annapurna Maharana cremated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Annapurna-Maharana-cremated/articleshow/17870114.cms |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Prabhat Kumar |date=October 2022 |title=Annapurna Maharana : a philanthropist |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2022/October/engpdf/203-204.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=2}}</ref>
* [[Braja Sundar Das]]; Zamindar of Tisania estate, freedom fighter, politician, poet and social reformer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ସଂ. |url=https://archive.org/details/jajapurara-dui-amlana-pratibha-bichitra-nanda-o-braja-sundar-1997 |title=ଯାଜପୁରର ଦୁଇ ଅମ୍ଳାନ ପ୍ରତିଭା – ବିଚିତ୍ରା ନନ୍ଦ ଓ ବ୍ରଜ ସୁନ୍ଦର |date=1997 |language=Oriya}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi]]; Independence activist, feminist, social activist, writer and first Odia woman to join the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Non-cooperation movement]] also the first woman to be elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=karana |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopala Ballabha Das]]; writer, social reformer, deputy magistrate in British Government, assistant of Odisha commissioner during British rule and superintendent of all [[Princely state]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=Gopala+Ballabha |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jagabandhu Patnaik]]; [[Dewan]] of [[Porahat]] and the first martyr from [[Odisha]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahu |first=N. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcQtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jagabandhu+patnaik |title=Veer Surendra Sai |date=1985 |publisher=Department of Culture, Government of Orissa |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhagirathi Mahapatra]]; Indian lawyer, politician, founding member and first secretary of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee|Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=bhagirathi+mohapatra+karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nityanand Kanungo]]; social activist, former [[Governor of Bihar]] and [[Governor of Gujarat|Gujarat]], former union minister in [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Binod Kanungo]]; freedom fighter, [[Odisha Sahitya Academi Award|Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner and educator.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nilamani Senapati |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3044 |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Karaput |last2=Nabin Kumar Sahu |date=1966 |publisher=Cuttack, Superintendent Orissa Government Press}}</ref>
* [[Biswanath Pattnaik]]; social reformer and [[Bhoodan movement]] leader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barua |first=Ananya |date=2019-06-05 |title=Koraputia Gandhi: The Forgotten Legend Who Served Odisha's Tribals for 77 Years |url=https://thebetterindia.com/185187/koraputia-gandhi-odisha-biswanath-pattnaik/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sarangadhar Das]]; Indian nationalist revolutionary, member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]] for framing newly independent India's [[Constitution of India|constitution]].

=== Vaishnav Saints ===
* [[Achyutananda Dasa]]; 16th-century poet seer and Vaishnava saint.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA83 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ananta Dasa]]; Odia poet, mystic and one of the chief saint of Utkaliya [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=ananta+dasa+karana&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Balarama Dasa]]; 15th-century poet seer, litterateur, writer of [[Jagamohana Ramayana]] and [[Lakshmi Purana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI4eAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva |date=1984 |publisher=Panchashila |language=en}}</ref>

=== Historical Figures ===
* [[Bisara Mohanty]]; historical figure of Jagannath culture who rescued Daru Brahma (soul stuff) of Lord Jagannath from the river Ganga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Gopinath |date=July 2020 |title=Bisara Mohanty, An Ardent Devotee ISSN 0970-8669 |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2020/Jun-Jul/engpdf/20-30.pdf |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIzXAAAAMAAJ&q=bisar+mohanty |title=Jagannath Revisited: Studying Society, Religion, and the State in Orissa |last2=Schnepel |first2=Burkhard |date=2001 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-386-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramananda Ray]]; author of Jagannath Vallabha Natakam and the Governor of [[Gajapati Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhavi Pattanayak]]; 16th-century poet and disciple of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&dq=Madhavi+Dasi&pg=PA32 |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Art & Literature ===
* [[Brajanath Badajena]]; Odia poet and descendant of 16th-century poet Raghu Arakhita.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eBtAAAAMAAJ&q=Brajanath+badajena+Karan |title=Proceedings |date=1976 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Dasa]]; Odia [[Bhakti movement|bhakti-poet]] and composer of [[Odissi music]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Janaki Ballabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&q=Karan |title=Banamali Das |date=1993 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-449-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Birakishore Das|Jatiya Kabi Birakishore Das]]; National poet, social activist, politician and the editor of "Mo Desha" .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahanti |first=Jagannatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zepjAAAAMAAJ&q=Birakishore+das |title=Children's Literature of Orissa |date=1993 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka]]; Odia poet and composer of [[Odissi music]].
* [[Radhanath Ray]]; poet, novelist, essayist, educationist, cultural relativist, orator and song writer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopinath Mohanty |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.220244/2015.220244.Radhanath-Ray_djvu.txt |title=Radhanath Ray |date=1983}}</ref>
* [[Gourishankar Ray]]; writer and a prominent figure amongst the makers of [[Odisha|Modern Odisha]].
* [[Artaballabha Mohanty]]; writer, literary critique and the publisher of only available print record of [[Madala Panji]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-06 |title=Some Great Odiya Personalities |url=http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |access-date=2024-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306153914/http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |archive-date=2014-03-06 }}</ref>
* [[Kalicharan Pattnaik]]; eminent literary and artistic figure of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharitri E-Paper |url=https://www.dharitri.com/e-Paper/Bhubaneswar/231217/p6.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.dharitri.com}}</ref>
* [[Annada Shankar Ray]]; Indian poet and essayist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় – |url=https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133459/https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |archive-date=2020-05-11 }}</ref>
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-20 |title=Gopinath Mohanty Memorial Lecture today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/apr/20/gopinath-mohanty-memorial-lecture-today-1966706.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> novelist, winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].
* [[Surendra Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Sambad: 24 and counting |url=https://orissamatters.com/2007/10/04/sambad/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Orissa Matters |language=en-US}}</ref> author, politician and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.

=== Education & Research ===
* [[Prana Krushna Parija]]; Indian botanist, scientist, politician, winner of [[Padma Bhushan]] and Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-19 |title=New Page |url=http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119004950/http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |archive-date=2012-11-19 }}</ref>
* [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]]; educator, public intellectual and ex-principal of Ranchi University (now [[Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University]]), vice Chancellor of [[Utkal University]], an advisor to [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra of Nepal]] and played a key role in establishing [[Kathmandu|Kathmandu's]] [[Tribhuvan University]] also helped to setup [[Nagaland University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Das, Bidhu Bhusan, 1922- - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89267884.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=id.loc.gov}}</ref>
* [[Prabhat Nalini Das]]; public intellectual, first dean/director of Humanities division at [[IIT Kanpur]], vice chancellor of [[North-Eastern Hill University]] also served as a professor of English and head of the English department at several prestigious institutions including [[Delhi University]], [[Ranchi University]], [[Lady Shri Ram College]] and [[Utkal University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashutosh Sheshabalaya on Global Reach |date=May 9, 2013 |url=https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The VoiceAmerica Talk |language=en |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219101712/https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Madhu Sudan Kanungo]]; renowned Indian scientist in the fields of neuroscience and gerontology. He is best known for his Gene Expression Theory of Aging, also founder-director of Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, chancellor of [[Nagaland University]] and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-16 |title=Noted scholar M S Kanungo passes away |work=The Times of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205554/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |archive-date=2012-09-16}}</ref>
* [[Jitendra Nath Mohanty]] ; Indian philosopher, served as a Emeritus professor of Philosophy in [[Temple University|Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some Memories of My Teacher, J.N. Mohanty – The Indian Philosophy Blog |url=https://indianphilosophyblog.org/2023/03/20/some-memories-of-my-teacher-j-n-mohanty/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=indianphilosophyblog.org}}</ref>
* [[Nikhil Mohan Pattnaik]]; Indian scholar, scientist and founder of Srujanika, a science education and research non profit organization situated in Bhubaneswar'''''.'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-03 |title=The digital book binder - The New Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |access-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903203527/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |archive-date=2013-09-03 }}</ref>

=== Jurists ===
* [[Ananga Kumar Patnaik]]; former justice of [[Supreme Court of India]], former chief justice of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] and [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-18 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Patnaik |url=http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818021930/http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |archive-date=2013-08-18 }}</ref>
* [[Gopal Ballav Pattanaik]]; 32nd [[Chief Justice of India]] and former [[Chief Justice of Patna High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-11-08 |title=G B Pattanaik takes oath as Chief Justice of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/G-B-Pattanaik-takes-oath-as-Chief-Justice-of-India/articleshow/27669480.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Bira Kishore Ray]]; first [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]] and first [[Advocate general (India)|Advocate general of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହାଇକୋର୍ଟର ପ୍ରଥମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରପତି ବୀର କିଶୋର ରାୟଙ୍କ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧବାର୍ଷିକୀ |url=https://odishasambad.in/remembering-first-chief-justice-of-odisha-highcourt-birakishore-ray-on-his-death-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Odisha Sambad |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sukanta Kishore Ray]]; former [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]] and [[Governor of Odisha|former Governor of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1301877170150935&set=basw.AboNUNr0IBOnV-RUCDm-Qa2FcZhFGUBB2-t4z92shOJHVxw34qeelqveLfBYs-pcWGVogrirYAp9HyCfiZ854A91w_aMNgNZg33czIiwwcKcu9sM5Rjocquzl_dp-x0agHOHSa2k9RiVJDmVqBt-7uoUD99n9Zqlkm_6hlqUtoHWrke7Ynjtwc1Xz_Z3G7ni1n5tzEr2AAspW4h_VCOVKQcqVieuhVYgpsrpOFizQNtJAHi_jEzlW7DlvG4yn42cQRjpwMfVp-MUDkwbZOQLfgENNKtlkrsYdE7-xsZA_f166G4IiCv3hIYV31ONFiHjiiU&opaqueCursor=AbpZlBMyzgd724HSzZjMNSjNQK42kuR3w58iF-JV9X_h8T0FhL2nwtssTo8Z7vrDY90h_ay50K6Dxy8eFBU2xnd51S2KRmcqpyBAbebQufIBGO_aNnGaBSbUpTpDg8Ce4S_iXRN4Le3IlXoonIh72EsL1yFGXvm9USHy8euRIqIYQ5-0RU3jn_6Ex77ZF-9XoxNhuYlZJhpito3iRQUDo5E7HQJcjoJJj3EM0sJD4s6GP3Mf4k1k2YJs91nHCdo_yLfS4vB70Zxvbo7yBsrBtnN55d_5uCSGyrVvAMMD2uiU7n5_BdUSkkE-bsjZXQndklj0MhDKUl44RmImzy-tJmwQbIfZa9eJatk3PmkZne2wr15Lwr41PJV-SzAS4guvdYTlSFSZdDmVeLdUFy7-fhg6hhc3bl4yiY1spv1zAKkdbvMZgx4gN_PIhxoDKKgGqpFQv2JlBf31qcQ8C1NhCUY2ubq68Xu0RIB24NJPZuevnPJe_KipqixDaRRSxxXx3E13qS5P3apvxZzWMYjnY2hn5bK2L31qdYp41tpARzId7-MbN2stiNG8cLKPFMO8bh-TuyF9Nj4CNHffKJcB-iCcqWmpBcLvEcmMHmJcYZzwKTyxBEaT9XxAxXVoutdHf1dt9SKmzPSKsZVPizNLemjmv4RIBjAAoGrGXZG9yb_tuDtZwA4FCWmbYiNYF--duRjBmKoE-C_zD1o-w3dT-IqPeInFAN5PqutZRe5ER8SaKsNzRe3uJrYhia3VQPX1DsUQvqlvZL4TA13jqxvcbFwM8PYVZX7y5_Cba_G-dEsUFbMnr30k1VGyD3cPbGN-sHCPACEsXiAEUpICk3B1xFTGcUAJYgV4DyMjEdqv32W8wHAkeGR7JhqyiJFzhv-RJGI |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* Jugal Kishore Mohanty; former [[Sikkim High Court|Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-03-20 |title=Governor Biswa Bhusan pays tributes to Justice Jugal Kishore Mohanty |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/governor-biswa-bhusan-pays-tributes-to-justice-jugal-kishore-mohanty-677707 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]]; former [[Jharkhand High Court|Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court]] and former [[Chairperson]] of [[Lokpal|Lokpal of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Justice Pradip Kumar Mohanty appointed as Chief Justice of Jharkhand HC {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801125123/http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |archive-date=2018-08-01 }}</ref>

=== Others ===
* [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]; retired [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General of the Indian Army]], 42nd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], former [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=Lt Gen Chandi Prasad Mohanty is General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Army Command |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/24/lt-gen-chandi-prasad-mohanty-is-general-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-southern-army-command-2093740.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kishen Pattnaik]]; Indian politician, social activist, author, founder & editor of hindi monthly periodical called ''Samayik Varta.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sambad |date=2022-09-22 |title=ଖଡ଼ିଆଳର ପୂର୍ବତନ ବିଧାୟକ କପିଳ ନାରାୟଣ ତିୱାରୀଙ୍କ ପରଲୋକ |url=https://sambad.in/state/kapil-narayan-tiwari-former-mla-of-khadial-passed-away-879906/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Sambad |language=or}}</ref>
* [[Jayanti Patnaik]]; four-time Member of Parliament, first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]] and wife of former Chief Minister of Odisha and ex governor of Assam [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|Shri Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-22 |title=NCW::Breif History |url=http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |access-date=2025-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322143848/http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Niranjan Patnaik]]; former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]] and Ex Cabinet Minister.<ref name=":3" />
* [[Sarat Pattanayak]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-23 |title=Old war horse Sarat Pattnayak appointed Odisha Congress chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-war-horse-sarat-pattnayak-appointed-odisha-congress-chief/articleshow/91749222.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Patnaik]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Lok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0ZPAQAAMAAJ&q=banamali+%22Patnaik%22+passed+obituary+1980 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1980 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>
* Samir Mohanty; Indian politician and former president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Samir Mohanty elected Odisha BJP president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samir-mohanty-elected-odisha-bjp-chief-president-narendra-singh-tomar-1637543-2020-01-16 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]; Indian politician, writer, film producer and founder-editor of the [[Odia language|Odia]] daily [[Sambad]].<ref name=":3" />
* [[Ashok Kumar Das]]; Indian politician and former leader of opposition in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] during [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-23 |title=Sons rise in Orissa politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/story/sons-rise-in-orissa-politics-48405-2009-05-22 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pranab Prakash Das]]; Indian politician, former Energy Minister and one of the prominent leader in [[Naveen Patnaik|Naveen Patnaik's]] Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranab Prakash Das(BJD):Constituency- JAJPUR(JAJPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5577 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Bijoy Mohapatra]]; former Irrigation Minister and most powerful minister (known as Super Chief Minister) in [[Biju Patnaik|Biju Patnaik's]] cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-20 |title=Orissa Politics: Bijoy Mohapatra : In Jaya Chandra's Path - By Manoj Padhi |url=http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820041358/http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |archive-date=20 August 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]; former state's Cabinet Minister in [[Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Naveen Patnaik's Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naba Kisore Das(BJD):Constituency- JHARSUGUDA(JHARSUGUDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4872 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Manas Mangaraj]]; Indian politician, journalist and member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Odisha]] as member of [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manas Ranjan Mangaraj(BJD):(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=990 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Akshaya Mohanty]]; singer, lyricist, composer, musician, writer and Jayadev award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-25 |title=$ $ $ Akshaya Mohanty $ $ $ |url=http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152426/http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |archive-date=25 March 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Hara Patnaik]]; Indian actor, director, screenplay writer and singer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-17 |title=Odia actor Hara Patnaik dead |work=IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117232210/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref>
* [[Akshay Parija]]: Indian film maker and businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=A Life Transformed |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=3237 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Harvard Business School Alumni |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bijay Mohanty]]; Indian actor, Jayadev award winner, Orissa Cine Critics Award winner, National Film Awards winner and 6 times [[Odisha State Film Awards]] winner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=Odisha bids a tearful adieu to Bijay Mohanty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/odisha-bids-a-tearful-adieu-to-bijay-mohanty/articleshow/77110843.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Arindam Roy|Arindam Ray]]; Indian actor, politician and son in law of former leader of opposition [[Ashok Kumar Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy, BJP Candidate from Salipur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/arindam-roy-s18aed2008a094e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SALIPUR(CUTTACK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1179 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Buddhaditya Mohanty]]; Indian actor.
* [[Mahasweta Ray]]; Ollywood actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Award winner]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-08 |title=Weaving a legacy of grace |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2010/Dec/12/weaving-a-legacy-of-grace-210240.html |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Anubhav Mohanty]]; Indian actor and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubhav Mohanty(BJD):Constituency- KENDRAPARA(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10133 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Uttam Mohanty]]; Indian actor, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Awards winner]] and Jayadev Award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttam Mohanty {{!}} Actor, Writer, Music Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0595948/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Babushaan Mohanty]]; Indian actor, playback singer and son of [[Uttam Mohanty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Pragativadi News |date=2022-07-31 |title=Babushaan celebrates birthday with fans, cuts cake; Announces new Odia film "Gajapati" |url=https://pragativadi.com/babushaan-celebrates-birthday-with-fans-cuts-cake-announces-new-odia-film-gajapati/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Pragativadi {{!}} Odisha News, Breaking News Odisha, Latest Odisha News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Surnames ==
Some titles associated with the Karan caste includes:

[[Patnaik]], [[Mohanty]], [[Chowdhury|Choudhury]], [[Das (surname)|Das]], [[Rai (title)|Ray]], [[Mohapatra]], [[Samantray|Samantaray]], [[Routray]], Chhotray, Kanungo, [[Bakshi]], Raychoudhury, Bohidar, Srikarana, Dandapata, Das Mahapatra, Parija, Pruseth, Narendra, Mahasenapati, Srichandan, Harichandan, Bebarta, Mangaraj, Samantasinghar, [[Jena (surname)|Badajena]], [[Behera (title)|Behera]] etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upadhyay |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6y1uAAAAMAAJ&q=jena+karana |title=Origin of Orissa Names |date=2000 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |isbn=978-81-86472-60-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=kshatriya+Karan+jena |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBNDAAAAYAAJ&q=Dandapata |title=Proceedings |date=2006 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jena |first=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGZyHbmMVFEC&q=+karan+caste |title=Land Revenue Administration in Orissa During the Nineteenth Century |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/15193/10/10_chapter%25203.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Descendants of Chitragupta |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/devdutt-pattanaik--descendants-of-chitragupta-19083152 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hust |first=Evelin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xUqAAAAYAAJ&q=karan+kayastha |title=Women's Political Representation and Empowerment in India: A Million Indiras Now? |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-575-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=jagannath+in+history+and+religious+tradition |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Mauchline Roberts |first=Elizabeth |title=Gandhi and the Indian nationalist movement to 1920 |date=2019-08-13 |work=Gandhi, Nehru and Modern India |pages=14–27 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000628197/chapters/10.4324/9780367351717-2 |access-date=2024-10-26 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780367351717-2 |isbn=978-0-367-35171-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS5uAAAAMAAJ&q=bakshi |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sundargarh |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Dipti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to_U9I6Ol9wC&dq=srikarana+mahasenapati&pg=PA77 |title=Prataparudradeva, the Last Great Suryavamsi King of Orissa (A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1540) |date=2007 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-195-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moharana |first=Surendra |date=July 2016 |title=The Role of Daitas in Navakalevara |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2015/July/engpdf/115-122.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=116}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Madala Panji]], a chronicle of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] written by '''Karanas'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=+madala+panji |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rath |first=Bijaya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=Cultural History of Orissa, A.D. 855-1110 |date=1983 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhoi dynasty]], a medieval Hindu dynasty founded by [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC&pg=PA2687 |title=Indian Encyclopaedia |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&pg=SL2-PA32 |title=General Studies History 4 Upsc |date=2005-11-01 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited |isbn=978-0-07-060447-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORnlAAAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA175 |title=Indian History |isbn=978-1-259-06323-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o8BAAAAMAAJ&q=accountant |title=The History of the Gajapati Kings of Orissa and Their Successors |date=1953 |publisher=General Trading Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=govinda+vidyadhara+accountant |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara&pg=PT340 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brighenti |first=Francesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnnXAAAAMAAJ&q=bhoi+karan |title=Śakti Cult in Orissa |date=2001 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0179-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce61AAAAIAAJ&q=bhoi+writer+ |title=The Sultanate of Delhi: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age (711 - 1526 A.D.) |date=1959 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Athgarh State]], a [[Princely state]] founded by Raja Niladri Bhagirathi Barman Pattanayak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+bebarta |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Cuttack |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Karani script|Karani Script]], an Odia Script introduced by '''Karanas,''' it was primarily used for court, land, temple, and accounting records as well as other administrative purposes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]

Chowdhury

2025-03-22T08:41:10Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Surname in the Indian subcontinent}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox surname
|name = Chowdhury
|pronunciation = {{Plainlist|
* ''chow-dhuree''
* ''chaw-dree''
* ''chow-dree''
}}
|imagesize =
|caption =
|meaning = "Holder of four"; "four-way duties"; "four responsibilities"
|region = Indian subcontinent
|origin =
|variant = [[Chaudhary]], Chaudri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhry, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri, Chowduri, Chaudhurani, Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.
|footnotes =
}}

'''Chowdhury''' (also: Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhury, Chaudhri, Chaudhary) is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="Hanks"/> It is an adaption from [[Sanskrit]]. During the [[Mughal rule]], it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during [[British rule]], the term was associated with [[zamindar]]s and social leaders. The common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karim |first=Elita |date=1 August 2008 |title=A Dedicated Educationist |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/01/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202130631/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/01/history.htm |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead |department=History |work=Star Weekend Magazine |volume=7 |issue=31 |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref>

==Meaning==
"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''čatus'' "four-way, all-round" and ''dhurīya'' "undertaking a burden", denoting the head of a community or caste.<ref name="Hanks" >{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Hanks |first1=Patrick |title=Chowdhury |date=17 November 2016|encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001/acref-9780199677764-e-07692 |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-967776-4 |oclc= |last2=Coates |first2=Richard |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Significance==
It was a title awarded to persons of eminence, including both Muslims and Hindus, during the [[Mughal Empire]]. It was also used as a title by military commanders responsible for four separate forces, including the cavalry, navy, infantry and elephant corps.<ref name="Hanks"/> These people belonged to the [[zamindar]] families in [[British India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfeBAAAAMAAJ&q=chowdhury+title+brahmin|page=204|publisher=Anthropology Survey of India|year=2002}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=January 2022}}

Later, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the [[Nawab]]s conferred the same title in great numbers. Chaudharies were local magnates responsible for land taxes alongside an ''amil'' (revenue collector) and a ''karkun'' (accountant) in the local-level administrative units known as [[parganas]] .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administrative System - Sultani Period.|url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_History_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson12.pdf|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414110607/https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_History_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson12.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Calicut, Kerala.|url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/BA_his_medieval_india_society.pdf|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101045006/http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/BA_his_medieval_india_society.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha State Open University - M.A. (History).|url=http://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/slmfiles/MHI-04-BLOCK-06.pdf}}</ref>

In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.

In [[Odisha]], "Choudhury" is used as a title by [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |work=Rediff |date=14 February 2000 |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>

===Regional ===

In the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], the titular ''[[Raja]]s'' of the [[Bohmong Circle]] and [[Mong Circle]] have the surname Chowdhury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ext.bd.undp.org/insidestory/Lists/InsideStoryEventsMaster/DispForm.aspx?ID=110|title=InsideStoryEventsMaster - Raj Punyah Ceremony Held Both in Bandarban...|website=ext.bd.undp.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-71831|title=Saching Prue new Mong King|date=18 January 2009|website=The Daily Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Feature: 'Kingdom' system in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts still in force |url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/6553229.html |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=people.cn |date=15 December 2008 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628220349/http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/6553229.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/article/14112|title=UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts: Stalemate For Land Commission|website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009 }}</ref>

The [[Bengali Muslim]] Mirashdars{{NoteTag|''Mirashdar'' is a term referring to a landowner who pays taxes directly to the government.<ref>{{cite book|last=Laskar|first=Nitish Ranjan|title=Mahishya Das of Cachar and their Social Background|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NjRuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mirashdar,+he+being+a+land+holder+in+his+own+right+and+paying+revenue+direct+to+the+Govt%22|series=Proceedings of North East India History Association|year=1985|publisher=North East India History Association|page=456}}</ref>}} living in the former [[Kachari Kingdom]] were given titles by the Kachari Raja, which in modern-day acts as a surname for them.<ref name=heads>{{cite book|title=Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division|chapter=Cachar District: Statement No. XVIII: Glossary of Local Terms |pages=406–408|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/principalheadsh00unkngoog/page/n419|year=1868|location=[[Calcutta]]|author=E M Lewis|publisher=Calcutta Central Press Company}}</ref>

In Bihar, the [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]] are also known as the ''Chaudhary'', a community traditionally connected with [[toddy tapping]].<ref name="S Gopal pages 759">People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 759 to 765 Seagull Books</ref>

In [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], Chaudhary surname is widely used by [[Jats|Jat]] community while some other communities using it are [[Rajput|Rajputs]], [[Gurjar|Gurjars]], [[Ahir|Ahirs]], [[Dalit|Dalits]], etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Sir Henry Miers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2kIAAAAQAAJ&q=chaudhary+title |title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period |date=1867 |publisher=Trübner and Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sheoran |first=C. B. Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IiCeDwAAQBAJ&dq=rajput+chaudhary&pg=PR41 |title=Gallant Haryana: The First and Crucial Battlefield of AD 1857 |date=17 June 2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-43913-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GulBDMgxcU0C&dq=chaudhary+rajput&pg=PA148 |title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Emancipation and empowerment |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-269-5 |language=en}}</ref> This surname is popular in North India and it conveys honour and strength.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surname Choudhary: Meaning Origin Variants |url=https://www.igenea.com/en/surnames/c/choudhary |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=www.igenea.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhindar |first=Imran |title=FROM SIALKOT TO VANCOUVER |publisher=Lulu Chaudhary |year=2018 |isbn=9781642547917 |pages=28 |language=En-US}}</ref> It is typically used as a prefix before the given name, often represented by the prefix 'Ch' such as [[Charan Singh|Ch. Charan Singh]], 5th prime minister of India and [[Devi Lal|Ch. Devi Lal]], 6th deputy prime minister of India.

[[Deshastha Brahmin]]s and [[Kamma (caste)|Kammas]] from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana who got this as a title during [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahis of Golconda]] and [[Nizams of Hyderabad]] also use Chowdhari or Chowdhury as their surnames.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gaikwad |first1=V. R. |last2=Tripathy |first2=Ram Niranjan |title=Socio-psychological Factors Influencing Industrial Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Tanuku Region of West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh |date=1970 |publisher=National Institute of Community Development |pages=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sb4tAAAAMAAJ&q=Socio-psychological%20Factors%20Influencing%20Industrial%20Entrepreneurship%20in%20Rural%20Areas%20A%20Case%20Study%20in%20Tanuku%20Region%20of%20West%20Godavari,%20Andhra%20Pradesh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5gzTp13AXQC&pg=PA112|title=State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology|author=Coenraad M. Brand|year=1973|page=112|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520024908 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Revealing the missing links|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2016-07-24/Revealing-the-missing-links/244188|publisher=Hans India|date=24 July 2016}}</ref>

==Alternate spellings==
Its alternate spellings include:Choudry, Chaudhary, Chaudri, [[Chaudhri (surname)|Chaudhri]], Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri and Chowdury.<ref name="Hanks"/> The female equivalent is Chaudhurani and alternate spellings include: Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

==Chowdhury by country==
===Bangladesh===
[[File:Faizunnesa.jpg|thumb|[[Faizunnesa Choudhurani]]]]
[[File:Saheb Qiblah.gif|thumb|[[Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali]]]]
[[File:Abdul Hamid Chowdhury.jpg|thumb|[[Abdul Hamid Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury.jpg|thumb|Dr. [[Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury.JPG|thumb|[[Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:HabibullahBaharChowdhury.jpg|thumb|[[Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury at the office of the Vice-Chancellor of Dacca University, November 1970.png|thumb|[[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]]]

[[File:মাওলানা মুহাম্মদ হুছামুদ্দীন চৌধুরী ফুলতলী.jpg|thumb|[[Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali]]]]
* Justice [[A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury]], 9th President of Bangladesh
* [[AHA Gafur Chowdhury|A. H. Abdul Gafur Chowdhury]], politician
* [[AKM Rafiq Ullah Choudhury|A. K. M. Rafiq Ullah Choudhury]] (1923–2011), former chairman of Sandwip Upazila
* [[A. N. M Momtaz Uddin Choudhury|A. N. Muhammad Momtaz Uddin Choudhury]] (1923–2005), first vice-chancellor of [[Islamic University, Bangladesh]]
* [[ATM Nurul Bashar Chowdhury|A. T. Muhammad Nurul Bashar Chowdhury]], former chairman of Kutubdia Upazila Council
* [[Abeda Chowdhury]] (born 1942), politician
* [[Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury]] (1924–1986), president of Sunamganj Awami League
* [[Abdul Halim Chowdhury]] (1928–1987), former minister of Agriculture and Food
* [[Abdul Hye Choudhury]], politician
* [[Abdul Kahir Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Abdul Mannan Choudhury]] (born 1948), vice-chancellor of [[World University of Bangladesh]]
* [[Abdul Mannan Chowdhury (politician)|Abdul Mannan Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abdul Matin Chaudhary]] (1895–1948), minister and politician
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury]] (1921–1981), academic and physicist
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury (politician)|Abdul Matin Chowdhury]] (1944–2012), politician
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury (scholar)|Abdul Matin Chowdhury Shaikh-e-Fulbari]] (1915–1990), religious scholar and political activist
* [[Abdul Momin Chowdhury]] (1947–2024), historian and academic administrator, president of the [[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] (2000–2003)
* [[Abdul Munim Chowdhury]] (born 1967), former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Habiganj-1]]
* [[Abdur Rab Chowdhury]] (1934–2018), secretary for the Ministry of Agriculture
* [[Abdur Rouf Choudhury]] (1929–1996), writer
* [[Abdur Rouf Chowdhury]] (1935–2014), politician
* [[Abdus Salam Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Abdus Sattar Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abidur Reza Chowdhury]] (1872–1961), educationist and politician
* [[Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury|Abu Lais Muhammad Mubin Chowdhury]] (1973–2013), former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Habiganj-3]]
* [[Abu Naser Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abu Osman Chowdhury]] (1936–2020), Sector Commander of the [[Mukti Bahini]]
* [[AFM Alim Chowdhury|Abul Fayez Muhammad Abdul Alim Chowdhury]] (1928–1971), martyred ophthalmologist
* [[Abul Hasnat Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury]] (born 1946), 23rd vice-chancellor of the [[University of Dhaka]] and 11th chairman of the [[University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)|University Grants Commission]]
* [[Ahsanul Hoque Chowdhury|Abul Kalam Muhammad Ahsanul Hoque Chowdhury]] (born 1968), member of parliament
* [[Abul Khair Chowdhury]], former State Minister of Youth and Sports
* [[Akram Hossain Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Alauddin Ahmed Chowdhury]] (born 1961), MP for [[Feni-1]]
* [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1942), former Air Force chief
* [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury (Faridpur politician)|Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Altafur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1926–2018), member of Awami League
* [[Aminul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1921), founding chairman of [[Chittagong Chamber of Commerce & Industry]]
* [[Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury]] (born 1949), former Minister of Commerce
* [[Amirul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1942), 7th vice-chancellor of [[Jahangirnagar University]] and former president of [[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]
* [[Anisul Haque Chowdhury (Rangpur politician)|Anisul Haque Chowdhury]] (1926–2011), politician
* [[Anisul Haque Chowdhury (Dinajpur politician)|Anisul Haque Chowdhury Rizu]], politician
* [[Anwar Hossain Chowdhury]], retired brigadier general
* [[Anwarul Kabir Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Anwarul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1943), former UN Under Secretary General
* [[Ariful Haque Choudhury]] (born 1959), former mayor of [[Sylhet]]
* [[Ayesha Bedora Choudhury]] (1935–1971), doctor
* [[Azizul Haque Choudhury]], politician
* [[Azizur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1946-2011), Islamic scholar and politician
* [[Chanchal Chowdhury]] (born 1971), actor
* [[Chowdhury Abdul Hai]], advocate and politician
* [[Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun]] (born 1964), 29th [[Inspector General of Bangladesh Police]]
* [[Chowdhury Abu Torab Khan]] (died 1767), nobleman
* [[Chowdhury Gulam Akbar]], writer and collector of [[Bengali folk literature]] for the [[Bangla Academy]]
* [[Chowdhury Harunur Rashid]] (died 2000), founding president of Bangladesh Trade Union Centre
* [[Chowdhury Khurshid Alam]], politician
* [[Chowdhury Motahar Hossain]], politician
* [[Dewan Shahjahan Eaar Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Didarul Alam Chowdhury]], first chairman of Ramu Upazila Council
* [[Ebadur Rahman Chowdhury]], former State Minister of Food
* [[Ekramul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1962), secretary-general of Noakhali Awami League
* [[Enam Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1937–2025), civil servant
* [[Enamul Haque Chowdhury]] (1948–2011), politician
* [[Erfan Reza Choudhury]], former MNA
* [[Farid Uddin Chowdhury]] (born 1947), teacher, politician and businessman
* [[Gias Uddin Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Golam Ali Chowdhury]], Zamindar of Haturia and philanthropist
* [[Golam Jilani Chowdhury]], former chairman of Sunamganj District Council
* [[A.K. Golam Jilani|A.K. Golam Jilani Chowdhury]] (1904–1932), independence revolutionary
* [[Golam Mabud|Golam Mabud Chowdhury]] (born 1984), Sylhet Division cricketer
* [[Golam Mohiuddin Chowdhury]], retired major general
* [[Golam Wahed Choudhury]] (1926–1997), Bangladeshi diplomat and political scientist
* [[Gulzar Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1937–2019), politician
* [[Hamidul Huq Choudhury]] (1901–1992), former Minister of Foreign Affairs
* [[Harris Chowdhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Sylhet-5]]
* [[Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury]], 11th [[Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army]]
* [[Hasina Bari Chowdhury]] (born 1964), former MP
* [[Humayun Kabir Chowdhury]], former chairman of Patnitala Upazila Council
* [[Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury]], diplomat and former [[Foreign Minister of Bangladesh|Foreign Affairs Adviser]]
* [[Iqbal Hossain Chowdhury]] (1944–2001), former Minister of Food
* [[Iqbal Sobhan Chowdhury]] (born 1949), editor of [[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]] and media adviser to the Prime Minister
* [[Ismat Ahmed Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Izharul Islam Chowdhury]], Bangladeshi Islamic scholar
* [[Jafrul Islam Chowdhury]] (1950–2022), former State Minister of Environment and Forest
* [[Jahangir Alam Chowdhury]] (born 1953), 7th Principal Staff Officer of Armed Forces
* [[Jahed Ali Chowdhury]] (1947–2011), former president of [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan SC]]
* [[Jamilur Reza Choudhury]], president of [[Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad]], vice-chancellor of [[University of Asia Pacific]], adviser to [[Caretaker Government of Bangladesh]]
* [[Kamran Hossain Chowdhury]] (1952–2024), politician
* [[Kamrun Nahar Chowdhury]], parliamentarian
* [[Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury (Bangladeshi politician)|Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 2013), politician
* [[Khan Fazle Rub Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Khosru Chowdhury]] (born 1973), politician
* [[Lutfar Rahman Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[MK Alam Chowdhury|M. K. Alam Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Mafiz Ali Chowdhury]] (1919–1994), former Minister of Natural Wealth, Science and Technology Research and Atomic Energy
* [[Mahbub Kabir Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Mahmudul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1950), former mayor of Chittagong
* [[Mahmudul Karim Chowdhury]] (1938–2005), president of Bangladesh Fisherman's Society
* [[Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Sylhet-3]]
* [[Majibul Haque Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Majibur Rahman Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Masud Uddin Chowdhury]] (born 1954), 8th Principal Staff Officer of Armed Forces
* [[Matia Chowdhury]] (born 1942), former Minister of Agriculture
* [[Matiar Rahman Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Shiba Shanu|Mazhar Ali Chowdhury]] (born 1970), actor
* [[Mazharul Haq Shah Chowdhury]], former vice-chairman of [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
* [[Mehazabien Chowdhury]], actress
* [[Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi]], former High Court justice
* [[Md. Miftah Uddin Choudhury|Miftah Uddin Choudhury]] (born 1955), former High Court judge
* [[Mina Zaman Chowdhury]] Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and the former Member of Bangladesh Parliament
* [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1928–2006), fifth Prime Minister of Bangladesh
* [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury (Jamaat-e-Islami politician)|Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 2013), leader of [[Mujib Bahini]] Jaldhaka branch
* [[Moazzem Ahmed Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1948), former Minister of Shipping
* [[Mohammad Abdul Jalil|Mohammad Abdul Jalil Choudhury]] (1942–1989), co-founder of [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]]
* [[Mokhlechhar Rahman Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Monirul Haq Chowdhury]] (born 1946), advisor to BNP Chairman
* [[Monowar Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1948), former chief engineer of [[LGED]]
* [[Mostaq Ahmad Chowdhury]], former administrator and chairman of Cox's Bazar District Council
* [[Motaherul Islam Chowdhury]], politician and freedom fighter
* [[Muhammad Yunus (scholar)|Muhammad Yunus Chowdhury]] (1906—1992), Islamic scholar and founding president of [[Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh|Befaqul Madarisil Arabia]]
* [[Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury]] (born 1965), journalist and former advisor to the President
* [[Mustafizur Rahaman Chowdhury]] (born 1957), politician
* [[Muzaffar Rahman Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Naiyyum Choudhury]], biotechnologist and nuclear scientist
* [[Najma Chowdhury]], founder of the Women and Gender Studies department in the [[University of Dhaka]], adviser to [[Caretaker Government of Bangladesh]]
* [[Nasimul Alam Chowdhury]] (born 1967), former parliamentarian
* [[Nasir Uddin Chowdhury (politician)|Nasir Uddin Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Nasiruddin Chowdhury]] (born 1979), footballer
* [[Navila Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Nazim Kamran Choudhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]]
* [[Nazir Hossain Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Nazrul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1952), parliamentarian
* [[Nazrul Islam Chowdhury (judge)|Nazrul Islam Chowdhury]], a judge of the High Court Division
* [[Nilufar Chowdhury Moni]] (born 1969), Secretary of BNP Central Committee
* [[Nitai Roy Chowdhury]] (born 1949), former State Minister of Education
* [[Noor-E-Hasna Lily Chowdhury]], politician
* [[NK Alam Chowdhury|Nur Qutb Alam Chowdhury]], lawyer and politician
* [[Nuruddin Chowdhury Noyon]] (born 1962), two-time parliamentarian
* [[Nurul Alam Chowdhury]] (1945–2019), former ambassador to Oman and director of [[Rupali Bank]]
* [[Nural Hoda Choudhury]], former MNA
* [[Nurul Islam Chowdhury]] (1925–1995), politician
* [[Nurunnabi Chowdhury]] (born 1968), politician
* [[Obaidul Muktadir Chowdhury]] (born 1955), incumbent [[Ministry of Housing and Public Works (Bangladesh)|Minister of Housing and Public Works]]
* [[Omor Faruk Chowdhury]] (born 1960), former State Minister of Industries
* [[Rafiqul Bari Chowdhury]] (1930–2005), cinematographer and director
* [[Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury]] (died 2008), 9th vice-chancellor of the [[University of Chittagong]]
* [[Rahimullah Choudhury]], former MNA
* [[Rashed Chowdhury]], former Army officer, currently in exile in the United States
* [[Razzaqul Haider Chowdhury]] (1889–1970), former minister
* [[Reazul Huq Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Rezaul Haque Chowdhury]] (born 1954), two-time MP
* [[Rezaul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1953), incumbent [[Chattogram City Corporation|Mayor of Chittagong]]
* [[Rezwana Chowdhury Bannya|Rezwana Chowdhury]], renowned exponent of Tagore songs
* [[Rezzakul Haider Chowdhury]], 14th Director General of Bangladesh Rifles
* [[Saber Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1961), former president of [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]
* [[Sadruddin Ahmed Chowdhury]], physicist and vice-chancellor of [[Shahjalal University of Science and Technology]] and [[Sylhet International University]]
* [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury Jewel]], former president of Faridpur Sramik League
* [[Salah Choudhury|Salah Uddin Shoaib Choudhury]], editor of ''[[Weekly Blitz]]''
* [[Salek Chowdhury]], physician and politician
* [[Salman Shah (actor)|Chowdhury Muhammad Shahriar Emon]], actor better known as Salman Shah
* [[Samarjit Roy Chowdhury]], painter
* [[SBM Mizanur Rahman|SBM Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 1971), civil servant and freedom fighter
* [[Serajul Islam Choudhury]] (born 1936), literary critic and essayist
* [[Serajunnessa Choudhury]] (1910–1974), politician and businesswoman
* [[Shafi Ahmed Chowdhury]], businessman and politician
* [[Shafiul Alam Chowdhury Nadel]] MP (born 1969), member of [[Bangladesh Parliament]] for [[Moulvibazar-2]], politician, organising secretary of [[Bangladesh Awami League]] and director of [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]
* [[Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1959), election commissioner and retired brigadier general
* [[Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury (politician)|Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury]] (died 2021), politician
* [[Shahdab Akbar Chowdhury|Shahdab Akbar Chowdhury Labu]], politician
* [[Shahdeen Malik|Shahdeen Malik Chowdhury]], lawyer
* [[Shah-e-Jahan Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Shahjahan Chowdhury]], president of Cox's Bazar BNP branch
* [[Shahjahan Chowdhury (film director)|Shahjahan Chowdhury]], film director and scriptwriter
* [[Shajahan Chowdhury (Chittagong politician)|Shajahan Chowdhury]], vice-president of [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|Jamaat-e-Islami Chittagong]]
* [[Shah Newaz Chowdhury]] (died 1997), politician
* [[Shah Rafiqul Bari Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Shah Sirajul Islam Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Shahiduddin Chowdhury Annie]] (born 1968), vice-chairman of APPG
* [[Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury]] (born 1985), vice-president of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh]]
* [[Shamima K Choudhury]], physicist and advocate for women in science
* [[Shamsher M. Chowdhury]], diplomat and former [[Foreign Secretary (Bangladesh)|secretary]] of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
* [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Chowdhury]], physician and politician
* [[Shamsul Haque Chowdhury (Rangpur politician)|Shamsul Haque Chowdhury]] (1936–2008), politician
* [[Shamsul Haque Chowdhury]] (born 1957), general secretary of [[Chittagong Abahani Limited]]
* [[Shamsul Huda Chaudhury]] (1920–2000), third Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shankar Gobind Chowdhury]] (1926–1995), former governor of Natore
* [[Shawkat Chowdhury]] (born 1963), politician
* [[Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury]] (born 1966), Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shayan Chowdhury Arnob|Shayan Chowdhury]], Bengali indie musician and singer
* [[Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri]], 4th Governor of [[Bangladesh Bank]]
* [[Sirajul Islam Chowdhury (politician)|Sirajul Islam Chowdhury]], advisor to Jatiya Party chairman
* [[Sultan Ahmed (deputy speaker)|Sultan Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1932–1992), deputy speaker of parliament
* [[Sultana Zaman Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Sultanul Kabir Chowdhury]] (1946–2014), politician
* [[Syed Maskarul Alam Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Tajul Islam Choudhury]] (1944–2018), former Opposition Chief Whip
* [[Tapan Chowdhury (singer)|Tapan Chowdhury]], Bengali singer of Adhunik songs
* [[Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury]] (born 1945), energy adviser to the Prime Minister
* [[TIM Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury|T. I. M. Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury]] (1934–2018), six-time MP and former leader of the [[Jatiya Party (Zafar)]]
* [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]] (1863–1915), writer, painter and aristocrat
* [[Yahya Chowdhury]] (born 1964), secretary of [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party Central Committee]]
* [[Mohammad Yakub Ali Chowdhury (politician)|Yakub Ali Chowdhury]], former VP of Patuakhali Government College
* [[Yeamin Ahmed Chowdhury Munna]], footballer for [[Chittagong Abahani]]
* [[Yusuf Hossain Choudhury]], politician
* [[Zafrullah Chowdhury]] (1941–2023), founder of [[Gonoshasthaya Kendra]]
* [[Zahur Ahmad Chowdhury]] (1916–1974), former Minister of Health and Family Welfare
* [[Zakaria Khan Chowdhury]] (1933–2021), former parliamentarian
* [[Zulfiqar Mortuza Chowdhury]], politician
* Chowdhury family of Aruakandi, Gopalganj
** [[Samson H. Chowdhury|Samson Hossain Chowdhury]] (1925–2012), chairman of [[Square Pharmaceuticals]]
** [[Tapan Chowdhury (businessman)|Tapan Chowdhury]], businessman and adviser to the [[Caretaker government of Bangladesh|caretaker government]]
** [[Anjan Chowdhury]] (born 1954), industrialist
* Chowdhury family of Balia, Thakurgaon
** [[Nurul Huq Choudhury]] (1902–1987), parliamentary secretary
** [[Rezwanul Haque Idu Chowdhury]] (1930–1994), former Minister of Social Welfare
* Chowdhury family of Batgram, Comilla
** [[Ashrafuddin Ahmad Chowdhury]] (1894–1976), former Education Minister
** [[Rabeya Chowdhury]], president of Comilla BNP branch
* Chowdhury family of Bahubal, Habiganj
** [[Manik Chowdhury]] (1933–1991), former governor of Habiganj Subdivision
** [[Amatul Kibria Keya Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Azim Choudhury Zamindar Bari|Chowdhury family of Khanpur, Gopalganj]]
** [[Mohabbat Jan Chowdhury]], former Home Minister
** [[Sarwar Jan Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Qutubuddin Koka|Chowdhury family of Baliadi, Gazipur]]
** [[Chowdhury Kazemuddin Ahmed Siddiky]] (1876–1937), former president of the Eastern Bengal and Assam Muslim League and co-founder of [[Dhaka University]]
** [[Badruddin Ahmed Siddiky]] (1915-1991), former Chief Justice of East Pakistan
** [[Chowdhury Abraruddin Ahmed Siddiky]], leader of the East Bengal Film Association
** [[Chowdhury Tanbir Ahmed Siddiky]] (born 1939), former Minister of Commerce
* Chowdhury family of Dargapasha, Sunamganj
** [[Abdur Rasheed Choudhury]] (died 1944), businessman and politician
** [[Humayun Rashid Choudhury]] (1928–2001), 41st President of the United Nations General Assembly
** [[Faruk Rashid Chowdhury]], former State Minister of Finance
* Chowdhury family of Dhampur, Mymensingh
** [[Aftab Uddin Chowdhury]] (1913–1985), founding secretary of [[Bhaluka Pilot High School]]
** [[Aman Ullah Chowdhury]] (died 2014), politician
* Chowdhury family of Dhanbari, Tangail
** [[Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury]] (1863–1929), former Minister for Education
** [[Mohammad Ali Bogra|Syed Mohammad Ali Chowdhury]] (1909–1963), former Prime Minister of Pakistan
** [[Syed Hasan Ali Chowdhury]] (1910–1981), former Minister for Commerce and Industry
* Chowdhury family of Dhantala, Dinajpur
** [[Abdur Rauf Chowdhury]] (1937–2007), former State Minister for Post and Telecommunications
** [[Khalid Mahmud Chowdhury]] (born 1970), State Minister of Shipping
* Chowdhury family of Duttapara, Madaripur
** [[Ilias Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1934–1991), politician
** [[Noor-E-Alam Chowdhury Liton]] (born 1964), Chief Whip of the Bangladesh Parliament
** [[Mujibur Rahman Chowdhury|Mujibur Rahman Chowdhury Nixon]] (born 1978), presidium member of [[Jubo League]]
* Chowdhury family of Faridpur
** [[Chowdhury Moyezuddin Biwshash]] (1840–1923), merchant and aristocrat
** [[Chowdhury Abd-Allah Zaheeruddin]] (1903–1967), former Minister of Health, Labor and Social welfare
** [[Yusuf Ali Chowdhury]] (1905–1971), former Minister of Agriculture
** [[Chowdhury Kamal Ibne Yusuf]] (1940–2020), former Minister of Disaster Management
** [[Chowdhury Akmal Ibne Yusuf]] (1945–2021), politician
* Chowdhury family of Fultali, Sylhet
** [[Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali]] (1913–2008), Islamic scholar, author, poet and orator
** [[Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali]] (born 1974), Islamic scholar, writer and politician
* Chaudhry family of Gahira, Chittagong
** [[AKM Fazlul Kabir Chowdhury]] (1917–1972), Leader of the Opposition at the [[East Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
** [[Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry]] (1919–1973), 5th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
** [[A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury]] (1944–2017), three-time Mayor of Chittagong
** [[Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury]] (1949–2015), six-time MP and former adviser to the Prime Minister
** [[A.B.M. Fazle Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1954), five-time MP
** [[Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury]], two-time MP
** [[Mohibul Hasan Chowdhury]] (born 1983), Deputy Minister of Education
* Chowdhury family of Gomnati, Nilphamari
** [[M. Rafiqul Islam|Muhammad Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury]], 8th vice-chancellor of Islamic University Bangladesh
** [[Shahrin Islam Tuhin|Muhammad Shahrin Islam Chowdhury Tuhin]], president of Nilphamari BNP
* Chowdhury family of Guthuma, Feni
** [[Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury]] (1906–1966), former Health Minister
** [[Shamsunnahar Mahmud|Begum Shamsunnahar Chowdhurani]] (1908—1964), writer, educator and politician
** [[Selina Bahar Zaman|Parveen Sultana Chaudhury]] (1940–2004), writer and academician
** [[Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury]] (born 1940), news presenter and elocutionist
* Chowdhury family of Haildhar, Chittagong
** [[Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu]] (1945–2012), founding chairman of [[United Commercial Bank PLC]]
** [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury]] (born 1969), Minister of Land
** [[Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury]] (born 1929), politician
* Chowdhury family of Katakhali, Rajbari
** [[Abdul Wajed Chowdhury]] (died 1992), politician
** [[Salma Chowdhury]] (born 1971), parliamentarian
* Chowdhury family of Lakshmansri, Sunamganj
** [[Hason Raja|Dewan Hason Raja Chowdhury]] (1854–1922), mystic poet
** [[Dewan Taimur Raja Chowdhury]] (1917–1997), former State Minister of Communications
*Chowdhury family of Maguradangi, Rajbari
** [[Rowshan Ali Chowdhury]] (1874–1933), journalist
** [[Yakub Ali Chowdhury]] (1888–1940), essayist
* Chowdhury family of Majidpur-Daihata, Munshiganj
** [[Kafiluddin Chowdhury]] (1898–1972), former Communications and Law Minister of East Pakistan
** [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury|Abul Qasim Mohammad Badruddoza Chowdhury]] (born 1932), 13th President of Bangladesh
** [[Mahi B. Chowdhury|Mahi Badruddoza Chowdhury]] (born 1970), secretary general of [[Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh|Bikalpa Dhara]]
* Chowdhury family of Mandalpara, Cox's Bazar
** [[Osman Sarwar Alam Chowdhury]] (1937–2010), former ambassador to the UAE
** [[Shaimum Sarwar Kamal|Shaimum Sarwar Chowdhury Kamal]] (born 1970), politician
* Chowdhury family of Monakosha, Nawabganj
** [[Murtaza Raza Choudhry]], former State Minister for Finance
** [[Mainur Reza Chowdhury]] (1938–2004), 12th Chief Justice of Bangladesh
** [[Zara Jabeen Mahbub|Zara Jabeen Chowdhurani]] (born 1976), former MP
* Chowdhury family of Nagbari, Tangail
** [[Abdul Hamid Chowdhury]] (died 1969), Speaker of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]]
** [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]] (1921–1987), second President of Bangladesh
** [[Abul Hasan Chowdhury]] (born 1951), former [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)|State Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
* Chowdhury family of Nandail, Mymensingh
** [[Khurram Khan Chowdhury]] (1945–2021), politician
** [[Anwarul Hossain Khan Chowdhury]] (died 2013), former adviser to the president
* [[Chowdhuries of Natore|Chowdhury family of Natore]]
** [[Ashraf Ali Khan Chowdhury]] (1878–1941), politician
** [[Abdus Sattar Khan Chowdhury]], politician
** [[Amjad Khan Chowdhury]] (1937–2015), founder of [[PRAN-RFL Group]]
* Chowdhury family of Nurshonapur, Noakhali
** [[Badrul Haider Chowdhury]] (1925–1998), fifth Chief Justice of Bangladesh
** [[Naima Haider|Naima Haider Chowdhury]] (born 1962), Justice of the High Court Division
* Choudhury family of Ranakeli, Sylhet
** [[Mahmudul Amin Choudhury]] (1937–2019), 11th [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh]]
** [[Fatema Chowdhury Paru]] (1944–2002), politician
* Chowdhury family of Shat Aani, Bogra
** [[Ismat Ara Sadique|Ismat Ara Chowdhury]] (1941–2020), former State Minister of Public Administration
** [[Mamdudur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1946–2018), former Minister of Shipping
* Chowdhury family of Ulania, Barisal
** [[Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury]] (1934–2022), poet and political analyst
** [[Asad Chowdhury]] (born 1943), poet, writer, translator and journalist
* Kings of the [[Bohmong Circle]]
** [[Maung Shwe Prue Chowdhury]] (1915–1998), 14th King of [[Bohmong Circle]]
** [[Aung Shwe Prue Chowdhury]] (1914–2012), 15th King of [[Bohmong Circle]]

===India===
[[File:General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri.jpg|thumb|[[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]]]]
* [[Amitabh Chaudhry]] (born 1964/65), Indian banker, CEO and MD of Axis Bank
* [[Arindam Chaudhuri]], Indian author
* [[Farukh Choudhary]], Indian Association football player who plays for [[Jamshedpur FC]] in the [[Indian Super League]]
* [[Pratik Chaudhari]] (born 1989), Indian footballer playing as a defender for Jamshedpur
* [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]], Deputy Prime Minister of India
* [[Shagun Chowdhary]], Indian shooter
* [[Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Yadav]], Chief Minister, Delhi
* [[Mohinder Singh Chaudhury]], Indian politician
* [[R. B. Choudary]], Indian film producer
* [[Gurmeet Choudhary]], Indian television actor
* [[Ranjit Chowdhry]], Indian actor
* [[Karmveer Choudhary]], Indian actor
*[[Ankush Chaudhari]], Marathi film actor

====Andhra Pradesh and Telangana====
* [[Jagapathi Babu|Veeramachineni Jagapathi Rao Chowdary]], Telugu film actor
* [[K. V. Chowdary]], Indian Revenue Service Central Vigilance Commissioner
* [[Renuka Chowdhury]], Union Minister of State
* [[T. Ramaswamy Choudary]], Lawyer, poet, playwright and reformer among the Telugu-speaking people
* [[Veerabhadram Chowdary]],Telugu film director
* [[Y. S. Chowdary]], Indian central minister for state
* [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]], Telugu cinema writer, director, producer
* [[Narendra Choudary]], Media entrepreneur and businessman
* [[Simran Choudhary]], Actress and model
* [[Chandini Chowdary]], Actress

====Assam====
[[File:Moinul Hoque Choudhury.gif|thumb|[[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]]]]
* [[Abdul Jalil Choudhury]] (1925–1989), Islamic scholar and politician
* [[Ambikagiri Raichoudhury]], Assamese poet
* [[Anwaruddin Choudhury]] (born 1959), naturalist
* [[Avinov Choudhury]] (born 1999), cricketer
* [[Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury]], MLA for [[Jamunamukh Assembly constituency|Jamunamukh]]
* [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhury]], Chief Minister of Assam and Governor of Punjab
* [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]], five-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], two-time [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] representative and Minister of Industrial Development
* [[Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri]], theoretical economist, academic and professor of the [[Delhi School of Economics]].
* [[Rashida Haque Choudhury]], former Minister of State of Social Welfare
* [[Rita Chowdhury]], established poet and novelist, [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] recipient
* Choudhury family of Bagbari, Karimganj
** [[Najib Ali Choudhury]], Islamic scholar and teacher
** [[Abdul Munim Choudhury]], former MLA of [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]

==== Uttar Pradesh ====
[[File:Charan Singh Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Charan Singh]] in 1979]]
* Chaudhary family of Noorpur, [[Meerut district|Meerut]]
**[[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] (1902–1987), 5th prime minister of India and two term chief minister of Uttar Pradesh
**[[Chaudhary Ajit Singh]] (1939–2021), former union minister and son of Charan Singh
**[[Jayant Singh|Chaudhary Jayant Singh]] (born 1978), union minister of state for skill development, entrepreneurship and education and president of the [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
* [[Rahul Chaudhari]], Indian kabaddi player
* [[Chaudhary Harmohan Singh Yadav]], Shaurya Chakra awardee<ref name="M. L. Ahuja">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCrZLq_gEcUC&q=chaudhary+yadav&pg=PA340|title=Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952-1999|publisher=Mittal Publications|first=M. L.|last=Ahuja|year=2000|pages=302, 340|isbn=9788170997665}}</ref>
* [[Aadesh Chaudhary]], Indian actor
* [[Kamla Chaudhry]] (born 1908), Indian short story writer
* [[Yuvika Chaudhary]] (born 1983), Indian actress
*Chaudhary Gurjar family of Kairana
**[[Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan]] (1964–2008), former MP
**[[Nahid Hasan|Chaudhary Nahid Hasan]] (born 1988), politician
*Chaudhary Ahmed family of Nuh, Mewat
**[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] (1934–2020), politician
**[[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed]] (born 1966), politician
*Chaudhary Hussain family of Mewat
**[[Tayyab Husain|Chaudhary Tayyab Husain]] (1936–2008), former MP and minister of state
**[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Chaudhary Zakir Hussain]], administrator of Haryana Waqf Board
**[[Zahida Khan (Indian politician)|Zahida Khan]] (born 1968), politician
*Chaudhary Rahim Khan family of Sultanpur, Mewat
**[[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] (1923–1987), former MP and minister of state
**[[Chaudhary Sardar Khan]], politician
**[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas|Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas Khan]] (born 1954), politician
**[[Habib Ur Rehman|Chaudhary Habib Ur Rehman]] (born 1957), politician

====West Bengal====
* [[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1946), former Minister for Mass Education Extension and Library Services
* [[Chowdhury Abu Taleb|Abu Taleb Chowdhury]] (died 1971), former MP
*[[Amit Chaudhuri]], Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature
* [[Anjan Choudhury]], Bengali film director and writer
* [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]], Indian film director
* [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]], member of the [[16th Lok Sabha]] of India
* [[Bula Choudhury]], Indian national women's swimming champion
* [[Chumki Chowdhury|Chumki Choudhury]], Indian actress
* [[Jogen Chowdhury]], 21st century Indian painter
* [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]], Chief of Staff of the Indian Army
* [[Mahima Chaudhry]], Indian actress and model
* [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]], Indian writer
* [[Noor Alam Chowdhury]] (1943–2021), former acting Chief Justice in Calcutta High Court
* [[Pramatha Chaudhuri]], 19th century Bengali writer and an influential figure in [[Bengali literature]]
* [[Rabiul Alam Chowdhury]], former MLA
* [[Ravi Shankar]] (born Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury), [[Music of India|Indian musician]] and a composer of [[Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Rina Choudhury]], Indian actress
* [[Saifuddin Choudhury]] (1952–2014), communist
* [[Shankar Roychowdhury]], Chief of Staff of the [[Indian Army]]
* [[Siddiqullah Chowdhury]], president of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind|Jamiat Ulema-e-Maghribi Bangal]]
* [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury]], Indian singer
* [[Sonali Chowdhury]], Indian actress
* [[Salil Chowdhury]], Indian music director & composer
* [[Sarita Choudhury]], Indian actress and model
* [[Tridha Choudhury]], Indian actress
* Choudhury family of Sahazalalpur, Malda
** [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury|Abu Barkat Ataul Ghani Khan Choudhury]] (1927–2006), former Union Minister
** [[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]] (born 1935), former Minister of State for Science and Technology
** [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]] (born 1938), former Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare
** [[Rubi Noor|Begum Rubi Choudhurani]] (1945–2008), four-time MLA
** [[Isha Khan Choudhury]] (born 1971), politician

===Nepal===
* [[Binod Chaudhary]], Nepalese billionaire

===Fiji===
* [[Mahendra Chaudhry]], former Prime Minister of Fiji

===Pakistan===
[[File:Choudhry Rahmat Ali.jpg|thumb|[[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]]]]
*[[Anwar Chowdhry|Anwar Khurshid Chowdhry]] (1923–2010), former president of [[International Boxing Association]]
*[[Cecil Chaudhry]] (1941–2012), Pakistani academic, human rights activist, veteran fighter pilot
*[[Chaudhary Aadil Bakhsh Chattha]], politician
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Hameed Khan]] (1906–1958), civil servant
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Jalil|Chaudhry Abdul Jalil Chacha Cricket]] (born 1949), cricket mascot
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Majeed]] (1937–2006), nuclear chemist
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Majid]] (born 1946), former Prime Minister of Azad Jammu And Kashmir
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Rahim]], legislator
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Razzaq Dhillon]] (born 1961), politician
*[[Chaudhry Abid Jotana]] (born 1982), politician
*[[Chaudhry Abid Raza]] (born 1972), politician
*[[Abid Sher Ali|Chaudhry Abid Sher Ali]] (born 1971), former Minister of State for Power
*[[Chaudhry Aftab Ahmed Gujjar Advocate|Chaudhry Aftab Ahmed Gujjar]], senior advocate
*[[Chaudhry Afzal Haq]] (1891–1942), author and co-founder of Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam
*[[Chaudhry Akhtar Abbas Bosal]] (born 1973), politician
*[[Chaudhry Amir Hussain]] (born 1942), 17th Speaker of National Assembly
*[[Chaudhry Amjad Ali Javed]] (born 1965), politician
*[[Chaudhry Anwarul Haq]] (born 1970), Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
*[[Chaudhry Arshad Javaid Warraich]] (born 1956), politician
*[[Chaudhry Ashfaq Ahmed]] (born 1967), politician
*[[Chaudhry Ashraf Ali Ansari]] (born 1969), politician
*[[Chaudhry Ashraf Deona]] (born 1946), politician
*[[Chaudhry Asif Majeed]], politician
*[[Chaudhry Aslam Khan]] (1967–2014), police officer
*[[Chaudhry Azhar Qayyum Nahra]] (born 1977), politician
*[[Chaudhry Bilal Ijaz]] (born 1970), former chairman of Punjab Zakat Council
*[[Chaudhry Ejaz Yousaf]] (born 1952), 10th chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court
*[[Chaudhary Mohammad Akbar Ibrahim]], former minister
*[[Chaudhry Muhammad Hussain]], former chairman of [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]
*[[Chaudhry Muhammad Sarwar Khan]] (1919–2003), politician
*[[Chaudhry Muhammad Shafique]] (born 1952), politician
*[[Mumtaz Jajja|Chaudhry Mumtaz Ahmed Jajja]] (1948–2011), agriculturist and politician
*[[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]], [[Pakistan Movement]] activist and politician
*[[Chaudhry Tahir Mahmood Chahal Jatt]] (born 1984), politician
*[[Chaudry Tussadiq Masud Khan]] (born 1959), agriculturalist and politician
*[[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry]] (1904–1982), fifth president of Pakistan
*[[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]], former Chief Justice of Pakistan
*[[Michael Chowdry|Michael A. Chowdry]] (1954–2001), founder of [[Atlas Air]] (FY 2019 revenue US$2.7 billion)
*[[Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry]] (1903–1988), nuclear physicist
*[[Zafar Chaudhry|Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry]] (1926–2019), human rights activist
*Chaudhary family of Ajnala, Gujrat
**[[Anwar Aziz Chaudhry]] (1930–2020), swimmer and politician
**[[Daniyal Aziz|Daniyal Aziz Chaudhry]] (born 1965), former Minister for Privatisation
*Chaudhary family of Chakri, Rawalpindi
**[[Iftikhar Ali Khan (general)|Chaudhary Iftikhar Ali Khan]] (1941–2009), general
**[[Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan]] (born 1954), Minister of Interior<ref>{{cite web| last=Abbasi |first=Talha |url=http://pakistanileaders.com.pk/profile/Chaudhry_Nisar_Ali_Khan |title=Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan |website=Pakistani Leaders Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022527/http://pakistanileaders.com.pk/profile/Chaudhry_Nisar_Ali_Khan|archive-date=20 July 2018|access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref>
*Chaudhry family of Challianwala, Mandi Bahauddin
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Ashraf (senator)|Chaudhry Muhammad Ashraf]] (1925–1983), businessman
**[[Zaka Ashraf|Chaudhry Muhammad Zaka Ashraf]] (born 1952), chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board
**[[Begum Ishrat Ashraf]], politician
*Jutt Chaudhry family of Chichawatni, Sahiwal
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Tufail]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Hanif]] (born 1963), politician
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Arshad Jutt]] (born 1970), politician
*Gujjar Chaudhry family of Rahim Yar Khan
**[[Chaudhry Jaffar Iqbal Gujjar]], former senator
**[[Zeb Jaffar]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Omar Jaffar]] (born 1982), politician
**[[Maiza Hameed|Maiza Hameed Gujjar]], politician
*Warraich Chaudhry family of Gujrat
**[[Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi]] (1917–1981), politician
**[[Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi]] (born 1945), former Chief Minister of Punjab
**[[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]] (born 1946), 14th Prime Minister of Pakistan
**[[Chaudhry Wajahat Hussain]] (born 1950), president of [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]]
**[[Moonis Elahi|Chaudhry Moonis Elahi]] (born 1976), former federal minister
**[[Chaudhry Salik Hussain]] (born 1979), former federal minister
**[[Chaudhry Hussain Elahi]], politician
*Chaudhry family of Dina, Jhelum
**[[Chaudhry Mohammad Awais]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Altaf Hussain]] (1929–1995), three-time Governor of Punjab
**[[Chaudhry Iftikhar Hussain]] (1946–2015), 36th Chief Justice of Lahore High Court
**[[Chaudhry Shahbaz Hussain]], restaurateur
**[[Fawad Chaudhry|Fawad Ahmed Hussain Chaudhry]] (born 1976), former minister
**[[Chaudhry Farrukh Altaf]], politician
*Arain Chaudhry family of Jalandhar (Muhajir)
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]] (1905–1982), fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan
**[[Khalid Anwer|Chaudhry Khalid Anwer]] (born 1938), lawyer, jurist and constitutional expert
*Rana Chaudhry family of Rahon, Jalandhar (Muhajir)
**[[Chaudhry Abdul Rehman Khan]], nobleman
**[[Nisar Fatima|Nisar Fatima Zahra]] (1935–1991), politician
*Chaudhry family of Kamoke, Gujranwala
**[[Chaudhry Abdul Wakeel Khan]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Akhtar Ali Khan]] (born 1957), politician
**[[Rana Shamshad Ahmad Khan|Chaudhry Rana Shamshad Ahmad Khan]] (1965–2015), former minister
*Rajput Chaudhry family of Kolian, Hoshiarpur (Muhajir)
**[[Chaudhry Ali Akbar Khan]] (1910–1967), diplomat
**[[Nisar Akbar Khan|Chaudhry Nisar Akbar Khan]], retired army officer
*Rajput Chaudhry family of Quetta
**[[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]] (born 1948), 20th Chief Justice of Pakistan
**[[Arsalan Iftikhar Chaudhry]] (born 1976), medical doctor
*Chaudhry family of Sain De Khuie, Faisalabad
**[[Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar]] (born 1950), former governor of Punjab
**[[Anas Sarwar|Chaudhry Anas Sarwar]] (born 1983), leader of the Scottish Labour Party
*Sahi Chaudhry family
**[[Ghulam Rasool Sahi|Chaudhry Ghulam Rasool Sahi]] (born 1944), politician
**[[Muhammad Afzal Sahi|Chaudhry Muhammad Afzal Sahi]] (born 1949), former acting Governor of Punjab
**[[Ali Afzal Sahi|Chaudhry Ali Afzal Sahi]] (born 1986), former provincial minister
*Cheema Chaudhry family of Sargodha
**[[Anwar Ali Cheema|Chaudhry Anwar Ali Cheema]] (1935–2016), former government minister
**[[Chaudhry Aamir Sultan Cheema]] (born 1962), politician
**[[Muhammad Muneeb Sultan Cheema|Chaudhry Muhammad Muneeb Sultan Cheema]] (born 1992), former provincial transport minister
*Siddiqi Chaudhry family of Chunar, Mirzapur (Muhajir)
**[[Salimuzzaman Siddiqui|Chaudhry Salimuzzaman Siddiqui]] (1897—1994), organic chemist
**[[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman|Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman Siddiqi]] (1889—1973), former president of Muslim League

===United Kingdom===
* [[Akhlaq Choudhury]] (born 1967), Judge of the British [[High Court of Justice]]
* [[Anas Sarwar|Anas Sarwar Chaudhry]] (born 1983), leader of the Scottish Labour Party
* [[Anwar Choudhury]] (born 1959), diplomat at the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]; former [[Governor of the Cayman Islands]], [[British Ambassador to Peru]] and [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Bangladesh|British High Commissioner to Bangladesh]]
* [[Anjem Choudary]], Islamist political activist
* [[Asim Chaudhry]], comedian and actor
* [[Atique Choudhury|Atique Islam Choudhury]] (born 1963), restaurateur and chef
* [[Foysol Choudhury]], Businessman, community activist and Chairman of Edinburgh and Lothians Regional Equality Council.
* [[Hamza Choudhury]], [[midfielder]] for English football club [[Leicester City F.C.]]
* [[Himanshi Choudhry]], British actress
* [[Khaled Choudhury]], theatre personality and artist
* [[Kirti N. Chaudhuri]], British-Indian economic historian
* [[Mamun Chowdhury]], businessman, and founder and co-director of [[London Tradition]]
* [[Navin Chowdhry]], British actor
* [[Robin Choudhury]], British cardiologist
* [[Roshonara Choudhry]], British Islamic extremist
* [[Shafiqur Rahaman Chowdhury]], president of the Bishwanath Expatriate Education Trust
* [[Shamim Chowdhury]], TV and print journalist for [[Al Jazeera English]]
* [[Shefali Chowdhury]], actress best known for the role of [[Padma Patil]] in the ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' film series
* [[Sophie Choudry]], British actress and singer
* [[Paul Chowdhry]], English comedian of Punjabi origin

===United States===
* [[C. M. Naim|Choudhri Mohammed Naim]] (born 1936), scholar of Urdu language and literature
* [[Jay Chaudhry]] (born 1958/1959), American billionaire, CEO and founder of Zscaler
* [[Michael Chowdry]], founder of cargo airliner Atlas Air
* [[Satveer Chaudhary]], former Minnesota state senator
* [[Subir Chowdhury]], author and management consultant

==Chaudhary==
===Business===
*[[Binod Chaudhary]] (1955-), a Nepalese businessman, industrialist, philanthropist, and politician
*[[Fawad Chaudhry]] a Pakistani businessman, landlord, lawyer and politician

===Acting, modelling and entertainment===
*[[Areej Chaudhary]] (1997), Pakistani actress, psychologist, Miss Pakistan Universe-2020, Miss Earth-2020, Miss Global-2022
* [[Ekta Chowdhry]] (1986-), Miss India Universe-2009
*[[Raja Chaudhary]] (1975-), an Indian television actor, writer and producer
*[[Gaurav Chaudhary]] (1991-), an Indian YouTuber, media personality, and engineer
*[[Ajay Chaudhary]], an Indian television actor and model
*[[Yuvika Chaudhary]] (1983-), an Indian actress
*[[Meenakshi Chaudhary]], is an Indian model
*[[Basanta Choudhury|Basanta Chowdhury]] (1928–2000), an Indian actor
*[[Saket Chaudhary]], an Indian screenwriter and director
*[[Sakshi Chaudhary]] (1993), an Indian model and actress from Dehradun, Uttarakhand
*[[Aadesh Chaudhary]], an Indian television actor
*[[Parull Chaudhry]], an Indian television actress
*[[Urvashi Chaudhary]] (1986-), an Indian actress and model
*[[Raj Singh Chaudhary]], an Indian actor
*[[Ksshitij Chaudhary]], an Indian Punjabi film director
*[[Hema Chaudhary]] (1955-), an Indian actress in Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Tamil films
*[[Aastha Chaudhary]], an Indian actress
*[[Arav Chaudhary]], an Indian actor
*[[Ankush Choudhary]], Indian actor, screenwriter, director, producer and theatre personality in Marathi cinema
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]], Indian actress
*[[Ashish Chaudhary|Aashish Chaudhary]], Indian actor
*[[Gurmeet Choudhary]], Indian actor

===Politics===
* [[Aun Chaudhry]], Pakistani politician and businessman
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]], former Chief minister of Odisha
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]], freedom fighter & social reformer
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhury]], Indian activist, Freedom fighter
* [[Harish Chaudhary]] politician of Congress from Rajasthan
* [[Haribhai Chaudhary]] politician of Congress from Gujarat
* [[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]], Speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
*[[Ram Govind Chaudhary]], Former Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
*[[Sarveen Choudhary]], cabinet minister in Bharatiya Janata Party ministry in Himachal Pradesh holding Urban, Town & Country Planning departments.
*[[Babulal Chaudhary]] (1948-), an Indian Bharatiya Janata Party politician
*[[Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary]] (1954-), an Indian politician and Minister of State for Coal and Mines
*[[Ejaz Chaudhary]] (1956-), a prominent Pakistani politician, social worker, civil engineer
*[[P. P. Chaudhary]] (1953-), a Union Minister of State
*[[Shanta Chaudhary]], a social reformer and Former Member of Constituent Assembly of Nepal
*[[Chaudhary Manisha Ashok]], an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Satveer Chaudhary]] (1969-), an American politician
*[[Amarsinh Chaudhary]] (1941–2004), an Indian politician
*[[Jayant Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Mathura
*[[Lal Singh Chaudhary (politician)]] (1959-), an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir
*[[Chhotu Ram Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Balbir Prasad Chaudhary]], a Nepali politician
*[[Hemlata Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary]] (1965-), an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress in Gujarat
*[[Shankar Chaudhary]] (1970-), an Indian politician from Gujarat
*[[Bhairaram Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party from Rajasthan
*[[Arun Chaudhary]], an American political operative and filmmaker
*[[Manibhai Chaudhary]] (1947-) an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Aruna Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of Indian National Congress from Punjab
*[[Dayaram Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[R. K. Chaudhary]], an Indian politician and former Minister of Roadways, Health
*[[Roop Chaudhary]], an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Genda Lal Chaudhary]], an Indian politician representing Hathras
*[[Nisha Chaudhary]] (1952-), a social worker and politician representing Sabarkantha
*[[Bhupendra Chaudhary]], state minister of Uttar Pradesh
*[[Vijay Kumar Chaudhary]] (1957-) an Indian politician from Bihar
*[[Arvind Kumar Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bahujan Samaj Party
*[[Sanjay Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Laxmilal Chaudhary]], a Nepalese politician of the Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal
*[[Amar Singh Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Siddharth Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh
*[[Birendra Kumar Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)
*[[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Vidya Sagar Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Himachal Pradesh
*[[Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary]] Chief minister of Lumbini Province, Nepal
*[[Umakant Chaudhary]] - politician and the former minister for Water Supply of Nepal
*[[Resham Lal Chaudhary]] Nepalese politician and member of Federal Parliament.

===Sports===
*[[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)]] (1965-), an Indian cricket umpire
*[[Saurabh Chaudhary]] (2002-), an Indian Sport Shooter
*[[Garima Chaudhary]] (1990-), an Indian judoka
*[[Ishwar Chaudhary]] (1988-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Shweta Chaudhry]] (1986), an Indian shooter
*[[Harendra Chaudhary]] (1976-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Aditya Chaudhary]] (1996-), a footballer from Nepal
*[[Shivam Chaudhary]] (1997-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Vijay Chaudhary]], an Indian wrestler
*[[Dipendra Chaudhary]] (1980-), a Nepalese cricketer
*[[Nikhil Chaudhary (cricketer)]] (1996-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Sachin Chaudhary]] (1983-), an Indian powerlifter
*[[Nilesh Chaudhary]] (1983-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Rahul Chaudhari]] (1983-), an Indian kabbadi poayer
*[[Mamta Chaudhary]], a Nepali cricketer
*[[Sarswati Chaudhary]], Nepali sprinter

===Academia, science & scholarship===
*[[Arknath Chaudhary]], a Sanskrit scholar and vice-chancellor of Shree Somnath Sanskrit University
*[[Ram Chet Chaudhary]], an Indian agricultural scientist
*[[Shamila N. Chaudhary]], a foreign policy expert
*[[Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary]], a former Vice-Chancellor of Haryana Agricultural University

===Journalism===
*[[Sudhir Chaudhary (journalist)]], an Indian journalist, editor
*[[Omkar Chaudhary]] (1961-), an Indian journalist, writer, and editor

===Other occupations===
*[[Nand Kishore Chaudhary]] (1953-), an Indian social entrepreneur
*[[Akshay Chandra Chaudhury]] (1850-1898), an Indian poet and novelist
*[[Puruesh Chaudhary]] (1983-), a futures researcher, development and strategic narrative professional
*[[Aisha Chaudhary]] (1996–2015), a motivational speaker

==Chaudhari==
'''Chaudhari''' ({{langx|hi|चौधरी}}, {{langx|pa|ਚੌਧਰੀ}}, {{langx|mr|चौधरी}}) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*[[Ankush Chaudhari]] (born 1977), Indian film actor
*[[Bahinabai Chaudhari]] (1880–1951), Marathi language poet
*[[Manish Chaudhari]] (born 1969), Indian actor
*[[Nirupa Chaudhari]], American biologist
*[[Pramod Chaudhari]], businessman from Maharashtra
*[[Pratik Chaudhari]] (born 1989), Indian footballer
*[[Praveen Chaudhari]] (1937–2010), Indian American physicist
*[[Radhika Chaudhari]], Indian actress
*[[Raghuveer Chaudhari]] (born 1938), Indian male novelist
*[[Rahul Chaudhari]] (born 1992/1993), Indian professional Kabaddi player
*[[Ramkumari Chaudhari]] (born 1985), Nepali politician
*[[Shirish Hiralal Chaudhari]], Indian politician
*[[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]] (born 1962), Indian Air Force air marshal

==Chaudhri==
* [[Amjad Ali Chaudhri]] (1917–1990), Pakistani military officer who fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
* [[Haleem Chaudhri]] (?–1971), Bengali cricketer, hero of the Liberation War of Bangladesh
* [[Imran Chaudhri]] (born 1973), British-American designer
* [[Iqbal Chaudhri]], Pakistani cricketer
* [[Nadia Chaudhri]] (1978–2021), Pakistani-Canadian psychologist
* [[Shufti Chaudhri]] (1920–2015), officer of the 16th Punjab Regiment
* [[Tara Chaudhri]] (?–2013), Indian classical dancer.

==Chaudhuri==
* [[Mihir Kanti Chaudhuri]] (1947–2024), Indian inorganic chemist

==Chaudhurani==
* [[Faizunnesa Choudhurani]], Muslim feminist and awarded the title [[Nawab]] by [[Queen Victoria]]
* [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]], Indian literary figure, author and musician.
* [[Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani]] (1855–1926), Bengali poet, social worker, and patron of literature.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hossain|first1=Anowar|title=Muslim women's struggle for freedom in colonial Bengal: (1873-1940)|date=2003|publisher=Progressive Publishers|isbn=9788180640308|page=266|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84JuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karimunnesa+Khanam+Chaudhurani}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi Chaudhurani]], founder of the first women's organisation in India, the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in Allahabad in 1910.

==Fictional characters==
*Indra Chaudhari, the protagonist of ''[[Axiom Verge 2]]''

==Other==
*[[Chaudhry and Sons]], a 2022 Pakistani romantic family comedy drama television series
*[[Chacha Chaudhary]], an Indian comic book character
*[[Chacha Chaudhary (2002 TV series)]], an Indian children's television series
*[[Chaudhary Karnail Singh]], a 1960 Indian Punjabi-language film
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport]], an international airport serving Lucknow
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport metro station]] in Lucknow

==Further disambiguation pages==
*[[Rajendra Chaudhary (disambiguation)]], several people
*[[Sudhir Chaudhary (disambiguation)]], several people

===Organisations===
*[[Chaudhary Group]] (CG Global), a multi-national conglomerate headquartered in Nepal
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College]], a college in Heonra-Saifai, Etawah
*[[Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University]], a university in Jind, Haryana
*[[Chaudhary Bansi Lal University]], a university in Bhiwani, Haryana
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]], a university in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
*[[Chaudhary Devi Lal University]], a university in Haryana
*[[Andul Dutta Chaudhury Family|Dutta Chowdhury family]], West Bengal, India.
*[[Sabarna Roy Choudhury|Savarna Roy Chowdhury family]], West Bengal, India.

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{surname}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bengali-language surnames]]
[[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Pakistani names]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]
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Karan (caste)

2025-03-20T20:35:49Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Social community of Odisha, India}}
{{For|the same surname and title|Karanam}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name = Karan
|native_name = କରଣ
|subdivisions = Karan, Karan Vaishnav
|populated_states = [[Odisha]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]]
|languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|status = [[Forward caste]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajasekhar |first1=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0mOAAAAMAAJ&q=karana+caste+ |title=Affirmative Action and Political Participation: Elected Representatives in the Panchayats of Orissa |last2=Patnaik |first2=Pratyusna |last3=Manjula |first3=R. |date=2005 |publisher=Institute for Social and Economic Change |isbn=978-81-7791-122-0 |language=en}}</ref>
|related = [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmin]]
}}
The '''Karan or Karana''' is a community found in the state of [[Odisha]] in [[India]].<ref name="Pati2008">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Pati|title=Family Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|pages=116–}}</ref> The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004">{{Cite journal |last=Raut |first=L.N. |date=2004 |title=Jati Formation in Early Medieval Orissa: Reflection on Karana (Kayastha Caste) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144743 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=65|pages=304–308 |jstor=44144743 }}</ref> They held [[Karanam]] posts in some parts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], where they speak [[Odia language|Odia]] and played a similar role in Odisha to that of the [[Kayastha]]s of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="Rao1990">{{cite book|author=M. Kodanda Rao|title=Cultural and Structural Dimensions of Family: A Study of Jalari Fishermen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKhxpLqX9bsC&pg=PA34|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-270-5|pages=34–}}</ref> In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to [[Brahmin]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=karan+rank+next+to+brahmin&pg=PA116 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patra |first=Patitapaban |date=December 1994 |title=Archeological remains of Dhenkanal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/118750 |journal=Utkal University, Department of History |volume=V |pages=205–206|hdl=10603/118750 }}</ref> They exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governors, military commanders, [[record keeper]]s and [[dewan]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Pramod Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GzaAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana |title=Colonialism and South Asia: Cuttack, 1803-1947 |date=2007 |publisher=R.N. Bhattacharya |isbn=978-81-87661-52-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Ramesh P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl66OPnClpoC&pg=PA40 |title=Culture, Gender and Gender Discrimination: Caste Hindu and Tribal |last2=Biswal |first2=Durgesh Nandini |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-199-1 |page=40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceDuDwAAQBAJ&dq=srikarana&pg=PA375 |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4103-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Sri+Karana++Mahasenapati |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref> They owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Sadasiba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_UeAAAAMAAJ&q=athgarh+state+srikaran |title=Agrarian and Political Movements: States of Orissa, 1931 to 1949 |date=1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0038-3 |language=en}}</ref> They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Joanna Gottfried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22wCxbKAdmkC&dq=The+Two-headed+Deer%3A+Illustrations+of+the+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+in+Orissa&pg=PA90 |title=The Two-headed Deer: Illustrations of the Rāmāyaṇa in Orissa |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08065-2 |language=en}}</ref> Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for 50 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Origin==
===Divisions===
Karanas in Odisha are divided into various divisions, out of these divisions [[Kshatriya]] Karanas are considered superior to other divisions of Karanas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana%20caste |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref> They are classified as Vratyas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prinsep |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q_gAAAAMAAJ&dq=ray+karan+caste&pg=RA2-PA34 |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |date=1905 |publisher=Bishop's College Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas used to observe rituals like [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] and [[Upanayana]] in their community.<ref name=bd>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Biswarup |date=1980 |title=Kayasthas and Karanas in Orissa—A Study on Inscriptions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141924 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=41 |pages=940–944 |jstor=44141924 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

===Medieval Period===
The frequent admission of land grants to princes, [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] and various officials gave rise to a new new class of writers. However the Karanas crystallized into a distinct caste only in the 10th or 11th century AD owning to social mobility. Any mention of the term prior to that period simply denotes its functional aspect rather than a caste affiliation.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004"/>

==Social status==
'''Medieval Period'''

Karanas alongwith [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] feature in the 10th century inscriptions of [[Odisha]] and are represented as heads of the local population. Such depiction denotes their high social rank.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Brahmana+Karana+-+Puroga+-+nivasi |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref> Karanas enjoyed high status in medieval period and [[Marriage|married]] within the royal households. An example of this can be found in the Arasavali copper plate of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] monarch Vajrahasta III.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004" /> They occupied high positions under the feudatory kings of Odisha, most of them were appointed as [[Dewan]]s in the princely states of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF4KAQAAIAAJ&q=held+high |title=Orissa District Gazetteers |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas find mention in [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhauma-Kara]] records and are represented as Sadhyadhikarana or Chief Judicial Officer of a district. Similarly Srikarana featured in the temple inscription is said to have been the accountant general of [[Anangabhima Deva III]] of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. A Kosthakarana was a top administrative officer of Narsimha Deva 4 of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]]. Terms like Deula Karana represented the rank of Temple administrator. Samanta Karanas were the aristrocratic families of Karanas from Odisha, the word Samanta was also used by the kings of Odisha, thus it can be said Karanas were associated with the royal families of [[Odisha]].<ref name=bd/> The head of a Karana family was known as Samanta while his wife was known as Samantani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUvRAAAAMAAJ&q=head+of+a+karan+family+samanta |title=History of Orissa in the 19th Century |date=1964 |publisher=Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Some Karanas also received land grants and held feudatory status in medieval Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Shishir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC1uAAAAMAAJ&q=karanas+received+land+grants |title=New Perspectives on the History and Culture of Orissa |date=2000 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-23-3 |language=en}}</ref> They appear to be an important community in [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] as they held high positions in the government such as the post of army general, prime minister and accountant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Dr Manas Kumar |date=May 7, 2022 |title=DDCE, Utkal |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/ |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=ddceutkal.ac.in}}</ref> Karanas were associated with the administration of the ruling dynasties of Odisha, a general named Srikarana Mahananda Senapati of the Karan caste was the army general and governor of Anangabhima 3 of Eastern Ganga dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Biswarup |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfYdAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana+caste |title=Orissa: Social, Cultural, and Religious Aspects |date=1985 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> Srikarana Mahananda Senapati was the Senadhyakshawara of the Kingdom or Commander in chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parida |first=Asok Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jluAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+mahananda+senapati |title=Aspects of Socio-cultural Life in Early and Medieval Orissa |date=1996 |publisher=DSA Programme, Post Graduate Department of History, Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Another official named Srikarana Pattanaik Viswanatha Mahasenapati was the army general and governor of Narsimha Deva 4 of Eastern Ganga Dynasty, he governed four Dandapatas or Rajyas of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]], he was also the Puro Srikarana of the Kingdom or Prime Minister.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Another general named Srikarana Suru Senapati under the reign of Anangabhima Dev 2 is said to have donated lands to the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple of Puri]] as evidenced from inscriptions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=S. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iY8MAQAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+senapati |title=Virajā, the Capital of Ancient Orissa |date=2007 |publisher=Pratibha Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7702-148-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ramananda Ray]] was the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]], he was also a minister of [[Prataparudra Deva|Gajapati Prataparudra Deva]], [[Ramananda Ray]]a belonged to Karan community. The founder of [[Athgarh State]] was Raja SriKaran Niladri Bhagirath Barman Patnaik. He was the minister of the Raja of Puri, who conferred on him the title of Raja and gave him Athgarh for his service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>

'''Modern Period'''

In British colonial era, Karanas owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha and were extremely rich.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Bishnupada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuLZAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+zamindar |title=Some Aspects of Socio-economic Changes in South Western Frontier Bengal Since Introduction of Neo-Vaiṣṇavism |date=1996 |publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7102-049-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+zamindar+extremely+rich |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/189767/11/11_chapter%25204.pdf |title=sg.inflibnet.ac.in |format= }}</ref> They also received large amounts of land grants in Khurda administration of [[Khurda kingdom|Khurda]] Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanabe |first=Akio |date= 2020|title=Genealogies of the "Paika Rebellion": Heterogeneities and Linkages |journal=International Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S1479591420000157 |issn=1479-5914|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In recent post-Independence era India, they have also played a dominant role in politics. Such is their prominence in politics that many members from the Karan community have been elected as the [[Chief Ministers of Odisha]], hence they are also dubbed as the political caste of Odisha.<ref name="VermaSingh2020">{{cite book|author1=Pramit Verma|author2=Pardeep Singh|title=Urban Ecology: Emerging Patterns and Social-Ecological Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7vbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|date=14 July 2020|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-820731-4|pages=83–}}</ref>

== Society and culture ==
'''Role in temple administration'''

Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana sub divisions of Karanas are the key servitors in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] of Puri. They alongwith other key servitors manage the administration of temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Servitors firm on Sri Jagannath temple lock |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/oct/13/servitors-firm-on-sri-jagannath-temple-lock-2209588.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 October 2020 }}</ref> Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana servitors are also the representatives of the Raja of Puri and assist him in performing the temple rituals associated with Lord Jagannath.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-16 |title=Transfer of 'soul' during Nabakalebara {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/transfer-of-soul-during-nabakalebara/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable people==

=== Chief Ministers ===
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and freedom fighter.<ref name="Rediff.com 2000">{{cite web | title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa | website=Rediff.com | date=2000-02-14 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm | access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref>
* [[Biren Mitra]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]].<ref>"Rediff.com 2000"</ref>
* [[Biju Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], freedom fighter, industrialist and pilot.<ref name="toi_patnaik">{{cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and former [[Governor of Assam]].<ref name="toi_patnaik" />
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and second longest serving Chief Minister of any Indian state.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Freedom Fighters & Social Reformers ===
* [[Madhusudan Das|Utkala Gouraba Madhusudan Das]]; Indian Lawyer, industrialist, social reformer, founder of [[Utkal Sammilani]] and prominent figure for creation of [[Orissa Province]] (present-day [[Odisha]], India).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Hiranya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV8uEAAAQBAJ&dq=madhusudan+das+karan+caste&pg=PT168 |title=Odisha of My Times: English Translation of "Mo Samayara Odisha" by Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |date=2021-05-14 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63850-732-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhuri|Gopabandhu Choudhury]]; deputy magistrate in British Government, Indian activist, social worker and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=Choudhury++Karana |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]]; freedom fighter, social reformer and [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner.
* [[Annapurna Maharana|Annapurna Choudhury]]; women's rights activist and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-03 |title=Annapurna Maharana cremated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Annapurna-Maharana-cremated/articleshow/17870114.cms |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Prabhat Kumar |date=October 2022 |title=Annapurna Maharana : a philanthropist |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2022/October/engpdf/203-204.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=2}}</ref>
* [[Braja Sundar Das]]; Zamindar of Tisania estate, freedom fighter, politician, poet and social reformer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ସଂ. |url=https://archive.org/details/jajapurara-dui-amlana-pratibha-bichitra-nanda-o-braja-sundar-1997 |title=ଯାଜପୁରର ଦୁଇ ଅମ୍ଳାନ ପ୍ରତିଭା – ବିଚିତ୍ରା ନନ୍ଦ ଓ ବ୍ରଜ ସୁନ୍ଦର |date=1997 |language=Oriya}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi]]; Independence activist, feminist, social activist, writer and first Odia woman to join the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Non-cooperation movement]] also the first woman to be elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=karana |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopala Ballabha Das]]; writer, social reformer, deputy magistrate in British Government, assistant of Odisha commissioner during British rule and superintendent of all [[Princely state]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=Gopala+Ballabha |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jagabandhu Patnaik]]; [[Dewan]] of [[Porahat]] and the first martyr from [[Odisha]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahu |first=N. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcQtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jagabandhu+patnaik |title=Veer Surendra Sai |date=1985 |publisher=Department of Culture, Government of Orissa |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhagirathi Mahapatra]]; Indian lawyer, politician, founding member and first secretary of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee|Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=bhagirathi+mohapatra+karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nityanand Kanungo]]; social activist, former [[Governor of Bihar]] and [[Governor of Gujarat|Gujarat]], former union minister in [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Binod Kanungo]]; freedom fighter, [[Odisha Sahitya Academi Award|Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner and educator.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nilamani Senapati |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3044 |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Karaput |last2=Nabin Kumar Sahu |date=1966 |publisher=Cuttack, Superintendent Orissa Government Press}}</ref>
* [[Biswanath Pattnaik]]; social reformer and [[Bhoodan movement]] leader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barua |first=Ananya |date=2019-06-05 |title=Koraputia Gandhi: The Forgotten Legend Who Served Odisha's Tribals for 77 Years |url=https://thebetterindia.com/185187/koraputia-gandhi-odisha-biswanath-pattnaik/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sarangadhar Das]]; Indian nationalist revolutionary, member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]] for framing newly independent India's [[Constitution of India|constitution]].

=== Vaishnav Saints ===
* [[Achyutananda Dasa]]; 16th-century poet seer and Vaishnava saint.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA83 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ananta Dasa]]; Odia poet, mystic and one of the chief saint of Utkaliya [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=ananta+dasa+karana&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Balarama Dasa]]; 15th-century poet seer, litterateur, writer of [[Jagamohana Ramayana]] and [[Lakshmi Purana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI4eAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva |date=1984 |publisher=Panchashila |language=en}}</ref>

=== Historical Figures ===
* [[Bisara Mohanty]]; historical figure of Jagannath culture who rescued Daru Brahma (soul stuff) of Lord Jagannath from the river Ganga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Gopinath |date=July 2020 |title=Bisara Mohanty, An Ardent Devotee ISSN 0970-8669 |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2020/Jun-Jul/engpdf/20-30.pdf |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIzXAAAAMAAJ&q=bisar+mohanty |title=Jagannath Revisited: Studying Society, Religion, and the State in Orissa |last2=Schnepel |first2=Burkhard |date=2001 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-386-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramananda Ray]]; author of Jagannath Vallabha Natakam and the Governor of [[Gajapati Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhavi Pattanayak]]; 16th-century poet and disciple of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&dq=Madhavi+Dasi&pg=PA32 |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Art & Literature ===
* [[Brajanath Badajena]]; Odia poet and descendant of 16th-century poet Raghu Arakhita.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eBtAAAAMAAJ&q=Brajanath+badajena+Karan |title=Proceedings |date=1976 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Dasa]]; Odia [[Bhakti movement|bhakti-poet]] and composer of [[Odissi music]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Janaki Ballabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&q=Karan |title=Banamali Das |date=1993 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-449-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Birakishore Das|Jatiya Kabi Birakishore Das]]; National poet, social activist, politician and the editor of "Mo Desha" .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahanti |first=Jagannatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zepjAAAAMAAJ&q=Birakishore+das |title=Children's Literature of Orissa |date=1993 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka]]; Odia poet and composer of [[Odissi music]].
* [[Radhanath Ray]]; poet, novelist, essayist, educationist, cultural relativist, orator and song writer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopinath Mohanty |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.220244/2015.220244.Radhanath-Ray_djvu.txt |title=Radhanath Ray |date=1983}}</ref>
* [[Gourishankar Ray]]; writer and a prominent figure amongst the makers of [[Odisha|Modern Odisha]].
* [[Artaballabha Mohanty]]; writer, literary critique and the publisher of only available print record of [[Madala Panji]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-06 |title=Some Great Odiya Personalities |url=http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |access-date=2024-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306153914/http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |archive-date=2014-03-06 }}</ref>
* [[Kalicharan Pattnaik]]; eminent literary and artistic figure of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharitri E-Paper |url=https://www.dharitri.com/e-Paper/Bhubaneswar/231217/p6.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.dharitri.com}}</ref>
* [[Annada Shankar Ray]]; Indian poet and essayist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় – |url=https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133459/https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |archive-date=2020-05-11 }}</ref>
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-20 |title=Gopinath Mohanty Memorial Lecture today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/apr/20/gopinath-mohanty-memorial-lecture-today-1966706.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> novelist, winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].
* [[Surendra Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Sambad: 24 and counting |url=https://orissamatters.com/2007/10/04/sambad/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Orissa Matters |language=en-US}}</ref> author, politician and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.

=== Education & Research ===
* [[Prana Krushna Parija]]; Indian botanist, scientist, politician, winner of [[Padma Bhushan]] and Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-19 |title=New Page |url=http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119004950/http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |archive-date=2012-11-19 }}</ref>
* [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]]; educator, public intellectual and ex-principal of Ranchi University (now [[Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University]]), vice Chancellor of [[Utkal University]], an advisor to [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra of Nepal]] and played a key role in establishing [[Kathmandu|Kathmandu's]] [[Tribhuvan University]] also helped to setup [[Nagaland University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Das, Bidhu Bhusan, 1922- - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89267884.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=id.loc.gov}}</ref>
* [[Prabhat Nalini Das]]; public intellectual, first dean/director of Humanities division at [[IIT Kanpur]], vice chancellor of [[North-Eastern Hill University]] also served as a professor of English and head of the English department at several prestigious institutions including [[Delhi University]], [[Ranchi University]], [[Lady Shri Ram College]] and [[Utkal University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashutosh Sheshabalaya on Global Reach |date=May 9, 2013 |url=https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The VoiceAmerica Talk |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhu Sudan Kanungo]]; renowned Indian scientist in the fields of neuroscience and gerontology. He is best known for his Gene Expression Theory of Aging, also founder-director of Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, chancellor of [[Nagaland University]] and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-16 |title=Noted scholar M S Kanungo passes away |work=The Times of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205554/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |archive-date=2012-09-16}}</ref>
* [[Jitendra Nath Mohanty]] ; Indian philosopher, served as a Emeritus professor of Philosophy in [[Temple University|Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some Memories of My Teacher, J.N. Mohanty – The Indian Philosophy Blog |url=https://indianphilosophyblog.org/2023/03/20/some-memories-of-my-teacher-j-n-mohanty/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=indianphilosophyblog.org}}</ref>
* [[Nikhil Mohan Pattnaik]]; Indian scholar, scientist and founder of Srujanika, a science education and research non profit organization situated in Bhubaneswar'''''.'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-03 |title=The digital book binder - The New Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |access-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903203527/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |archive-date=2013-09-03 }}</ref>

=== Jurists ===
* [[Ananga Kumar Patnaik]]; Former justice of [[Supreme Court of India]], former chief justice of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] and [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-18 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Patnaik |url=http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818021930/http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |archive-date=2013-08-18 }}</ref>
* [[Gopal Ballav Pattanaik]]; Former [[Chief Justice of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-11-08 |title=G B Pattanaik takes oath as Chief Justice of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/G-B-Pattanaik-takes-oath-as-Chief-Justice-of-India/articleshow/27669480.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Bira Kishore Ray]]; First [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହାଇକୋର୍ଟର ପ୍ରଥମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରପତି ବୀର କିଶୋର ରାୟଙ୍କ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧବାର୍ଷିକୀ |url=https://odishasambad.in/remembering-first-chief-justice-of-odisha-highcourt-birakishore-ray-on-his-death-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Odisha Sambad |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sukanta Kishore Ray]]; Former [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1301877170150935&set=basw.AboNUNr0IBOnV-RUCDm-Qa2FcZhFGUBB2-t4z92shOJHVxw34qeelqveLfBYs-pcWGVogrirYAp9HyCfiZ854A91w_aMNgNZg33czIiwwcKcu9sM5Rjocquzl_dp-x0agHOHSa2k9RiVJDmVqBt-7uoUD99n9Zqlkm_6hlqUtoHWrke7Ynjtwc1Xz_Z3G7ni1n5tzEr2AAspW4h_VCOVKQcqVieuhVYgpsrpOFizQNtJAHi_jEzlW7DlvG4yn42cQRjpwMfVp-MUDkwbZOQLfgENNKtlkrsYdE7-xsZA_f166G4IiCv3hIYV31ONFiHjiiU&opaqueCursor=AbpZlBMyzgd724HSzZjMNSjNQK42kuR3w58iF-JV9X_h8T0FhL2nwtssTo8Z7vrDY90h_ay50K6Dxy8eFBU2xnd51S2KRmcqpyBAbebQufIBGO_aNnGaBSbUpTpDg8Ce4S_iXRN4Le3IlXoonIh72EsL1yFGXvm9USHy8euRIqIYQ5-0RU3jn_6Ex77ZF-9XoxNhuYlZJhpito3iRQUDo5E7HQJcjoJJj3EM0sJD4s6GP3Mf4k1k2YJs91nHCdo_yLfS4vB70Zxvbo7yBsrBtnN55d_5uCSGyrVvAMMD2uiU7n5_BdUSkkE-bsjZXQndklj0MhDKUl44RmImzy-tJmwQbIfZa9eJatk3PmkZne2wr15Lwr41PJV-SzAS4guvdYTlSFSZdDmVeLdUFy7-fhg6hhc3bl4yiY1spv1zAKkdbvMZgx4gN_PIhxoDKKgGqpFQv2JlBf31qcQ8C1NhCUY2ubq68Xu0RIB24NJPZuevnPJe_KipqixDaRRSxxXx3E13qS5P3apvxZzWMYjnY2hn5bK2L31qdYp41tpARzId7-MbN2stiNG8cLKPFMO8bh-TuyF9Nj4CNHffKJcB-iCcqWmpBcLvEcmMHmJcYZzwKTyxBEaT9XxAxXVoutdHf1dt9SKmzPSKsZVPizNLemjmv4RIBjAAoGrGXZG9yb_tuDtZwA4FCWmbYiNYF--duRjBmKoE-C_zD1o-w3dT-IqPeInFAN5PqutZRe5ER8SaKsNzRe3uJrYhia3VQPX1DsUQvqlvZL4TA13jqxvcbFwM8PYVZX7y5_Cba_G-dEsUFbMnr30k1VGyD3cPbGN-sHCPACEsXiAEUpICk3B1xFTGcUAJYgV4DyMjEdqv32W8wHAkeGR7JhqyiJFzhv-RJGI |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* Jugal Kishore Mohanty; Former [[Sikkim High Court|Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-03-20 |title=Governor Biswa Bhusan pays tributes to Justice Jugal Kishore Mohanty |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/governor-biswa-bhusan-pays-tributes-to-justice-jugal-kishore-mohanty-677707 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]]; Former [[Jharkhand High Court|Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Justice Pradip Kumar Mohanty appointed as Chief Justice of Jharkhand HC {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801125123/http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |archive-date=2018-08-01 }}</ref>

=== Others ===
* [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]; retired [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General of the Indian Army]], 42nd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], former [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=Lt Gen Chandi Prasad Mohanty is General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Army Command |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/24/lt-gen-chandi-prasad-mohanty-is-general-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-southern-army-command-2093740.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kishen Pattnaik]]; Indian politician, social activist, author, founder & editor of hindi monthly periodical called ''Samayik Varta.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sambad |date=2022-09-22 |title=ଖଡ଼ିଆଳର ପୂର୍ବତନ ବିଧାୟକ କପିଳ ନାରାୟଣ ତିୱାରୀଙ୍କ ପରଲୋକ |url=https://sambad.in/state/kapil-narayan-tiwari-former-mla-of-khadial-passed-away-879906/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Sambad |language=or}}</ref>
* [[Jayanti Patnaik]]; four-time Member of Parliament, first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]] and wife of former Chief Minister of Odisha and ex governor of Assam [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|Shri Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-22 |title=NCW::Breif History |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322143848/http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
* [[Niranjan Patnaik]]; former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]] and Ex Cabinet Minister.<ref name=":3" />
* [[Sarat Pattanayak]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-23 |title=Old war horse Sarat Pattnayak appointed Odisha Congress chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-war-horse-sarat-pattnayak-appointed-odisha-congress-chief/articleshow/91749222.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Patnaik]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Lok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0ZPAQAAMAAJ&q=banamali+%22Patnaik%22+passed+obituary+1980 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1980 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>
* Samir Mohanty; Indian politician and former president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Samir Mohanty elected Odisha BJP president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samir-mohanty-elected-odisha-bjp-chief-president-narendra-singh-tomar-1637543-2020-01-16 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]; Indian politician, writer, film producer and founder-editor of the [[Odia language|Odia]] daily [[Sambad]].<ref name=":3" />
* [[Ashok Kumar Das]]; Indian politician and former leader of opposition in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] during [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-23 |title=Sons rise in Orissa politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/story/sons-rise-in-orissa-politics-48405-2009-05-22 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pranab Prakash Das]]; Indian politician, former Energy Minister and one of the prominent leader in [[Naveen Patnaik|Naveen Patnaik's]] Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranab Prakash Das(BJD):Constituency- JAJPUR(JAJPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5577 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Bijoy Mohapatra]]; former Irrigation Minister and most powerful minister (known as Super Chief Minister) in [[Biju Patnaik|Biju Patnaik's]] cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-20 |title=Orissa Politics: Bijoy Mohapatra : In Jaya Chandra's Path - By Manoj Padhi |url=http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820041358/http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |archive-date=20 August 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]; former state's Cabinet Minister in [[Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Naveen Patnaik's Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naba Kisore Das(BJD):Constituency- JHARSUGUDA(JHARSUGUDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4872 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Manas Mangaraj]]; Indian politician, journalist and member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Odisha]] as member of [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manas Ranjan Mangaraj(BJD):(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=990 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Akshaya Mohanty]]; singer, lyricist, composer, musician, writer and Jayadev award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-25 |title=$ $ $ Akshaya Mohanty $ $ $ |url=http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152426/http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |archive-date=25 March 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Hara Patnaik]]; Indian actor, director, screenplay writer and singer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-17 |title=Odia actor Hara Patnaik dead |work=IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117232210/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref>
* [[Akshay Parija]]: Indian film maker and businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=A Life Transformed |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=3237 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Harvard Business School Alumni |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bijay Mohanty]]; Indian actor, Jayadev award winner, Orissa Cine Critics Award winner, National Film Awards winner and 6 times [[Odisha State Film Awards]] winner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=Odisha bids a tearful adieu to Bijay Mohanty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/odisha-bids-a-tearful-adieu-to-bijay-mohanty/articleshow/77110843.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Arindam Roy|Arindam Ray]]; Indian actor, politician and son in law of former leader of opposition [[Ashok Kumar Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy, BJP Candidate from Salipur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/arindam-roy-s18aed2008a094e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SALIPUR(CUTTACK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1179 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Buddhaditya Mohanty]]; Indian actor.
* [[Mahasweta Ray]]; Ollywood actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Award winner]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-08 |title=Weaving a legacy of grace |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/magazine/2010/Dec/12/weaving-a-legacy-of-grace-210240.html |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Anubhav Mohanty]]; Indian actor and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubhav Mohanty(BJD):Constituency- KENDRAPARA(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10133 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Uttam Mohanty]]; Indian actor, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Awards winner]] and Jayadev Award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttam Mohanty {{!}} Actor, Writer, Music Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0595948/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Babushaan Mohanty]]; Indian actor, playback singer and son of [[Uttam Mohanty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Pragativadi News |date=2022-07-31 |title=Babushaan celebrates birthday with fans, cuts cake; Announces new Odia film "Gajapati" |url=https://pragativadi.com/babushaan-celebrates-birthday-with-fans-cuts-cake-announces-new-odia-film-gajapati/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Pragativadi {{!}} Odisha News, Breaking News Odisha, Latest Odisha News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Surnames ==
Some titles associated with the Karan caste includes:

[[Patnaik]], [[Mohanty]], [[Chowdhury|Choudhury]], [[Das (surname)|Das]], [[Rai (title)|Ray]], [[Mohapatra]], [[Samantray|Samantaray]], [[Routray]], Chhotray, Kanungo, [[Bakshi]], Raychoudhury, Bohidar, Srikarana, Dandapata, Das Mahapatra, Parija, Pruseth, Narendra, Mahasenapati, Srichandan, Harichandan, Bebarta, Mangaraj, Samantasinghar, [[Jena (surname)|Badajena]], [[Behera (title)|Behera]] etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upadhyay |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6y1uAAAAMAAJ&q=jena+karana |title=Origin of Orissa Names |date=2000 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |isbn=978-81-86472-60-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=kshatriya+Karan+jena |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBNDAAAAYAAJ&q=Dandapata |title=Proceedings |date=2006 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jena |first=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGZyHbmMVFEC&q=+karan+caste |title=Land Revenue Administration in Orissa During the Nineteenth Century |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/15193/10/10_chapter%25203.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Descendants of Chitragupta |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/devdutt-pattanaik--descendants-of-chitragupta-19083152 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hust |first=Evelin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xUqAAAAYAAJ&q=karan+kayastha |title=Women's Political Representation and Empowerment in India: A Million Indiras Now? |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-575-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=jagannath+in+history+and+religious+tradition |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Mauchline Roberts |first=Elizabeth |title=Gandhi and the Indian nationalist movement to 1920 |date=2019-08-13 |work=Gandhi, Nehru and Modern India |pages=14–27 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000628197/chapters/10.4324/9780367351717-2 |access-date=2024-10-26 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780367351717-2 |isbn=978-0-367-35171-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS5uAAAAMAAJ&q=bakshi |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sundargarh |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Dipti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to_U9I6Ol9wC&dq=srikarana+mahasenapati&pg=PA77 |title=Prataparudradeva, the Last Great Suryavamsi King of Orissa (A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1540) |date=2007 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-195-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moharana |first=Surendra |date=July 2016 |title=The Role of Daitas in Navakalevara |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2015/July/engpdf/115-122.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=116}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Madala Panji]], a chronicle of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] written by '''Karanas'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=+madala+panji |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rath |first=Bijaya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=Cultural History of Orissa, A.D. 855-1110 |date=1983 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhoi dynasty]], a medieval Hindu dynasty founded by [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC&pg=PA2687 |title=Indian Encyclopaedia |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&pg=SL2-PA32 |title=General Studies History 4 Upsc |date=2005-11-01 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited |isbn=978-0-07-060447-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORnlAAAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA175 |title=Indian History |isbn=978-1-259-06323-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o8BAAAAMAAJ&q=accountant |title=The History of the Gajapati Kings of Orissa and Their Successors |date=1953 |publisher=General Trading Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=govinda+vidyadhara+accountant |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara&pg=PT340 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brighenti |first=Francesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnnXAAAAMAAJ&q=bhoi+karan |title=Śakti Cult in Orissa |date=2001 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0179-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce61AAAAIAAJ&q=bhoi+writer+ |title=The Sultanate of Delhi: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age (711 - 1526 A.D.) |date=1959 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Athgarh State]], a [[Princely state]] founded by Raja Niladri Bhagirathi Barman Pattanayak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+bebarta |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Cuttack |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Karani script|Karani Script]], an Odia Script introduced by '''Karanas,''' it was primarily used for court, land, temple, and accounting records as well as other administrative purposes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]

Karan (caste)

2025-03-20T20:34:11Z

The coderXE: Updated

{{Short description|Social community of Odisha, India}}
{{For|the same surname and title|Karanam}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name = Karan
|native_name = କରଣ
|subdivisions = Karan, Karan Vaishnav
|populated_states = [[Odisha]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]]
|languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|status = [[Forward caste]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajasekhar |first1=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0mOAAAAMAAJ&q=karana+caste+ |title=Affirmative Action and Political Participation: Elected Representatives in the Panchayats of Orissa |last2=Patnaik |first2=Pratyusna |last3=Manjula |first3=R. |date=2005 |publisher=Institute for Social and Economic Change |isbn=978-81-7791-122-0 |language=en}}</ref>
|related = [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmin]]
}}
The '''Karan or Karana''' is a community found in the state of [[Odisha]] in [[India]].<ref name="Pati2008">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Pati|title=Family Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|pages=116–}}</ref> The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004">{{Cite journal |last=Raut |first=L.N. |date=2004 |title=Jati Formation in Early Medieval Orissa: Reflection on Karana (Kayastha Caste) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144743 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=65|pages=304–308 |jstor=44144743 }}</ref> They held [[Karanam]] posts in some parts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], where they speak [[Odia language|Odia]] and played a similar role in Odisha to that of the [[Kayastha]]s of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="Rao1990">{{cite book|author=M. Kodanda Rao|title=Cultural and Structural Dimensions of Family: A Study of Jalari Fishermen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKhxpLqX9bsC&pg=PA34|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-270-5|pages=34–}}</ref> In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to [[Brahmin]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=karan+rank+next+to+brahmin&pg=PA116 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patra |first=Patitapaban |date=December 1994 |title=Archeological remains of Dhenkanal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/118750 |journal=Utkal University, Department of History |volume=V |pages=205–206|hdl=10603/118750 }}</ref> They exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governors, military commanders, [[record keeper]]s and [[dewan]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Pramod Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GzaAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana |title=Colonialism and South Asia: Cuttack, 1803-1947 |date=2007 |publisher=R.N. Bhattacharya |isbn=978-81-87661-52-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Ramesh P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl66OPnClpoC&pg=PA40 |title=Culture, Gender and Gender Discrimination: Caste Hindu and Tribal |last2=Biswal |first2=Durgesh Nandini |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-199-1 |page=40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceDuDwAAQBAJ&dq=srikarana&pg=PA375 |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4103-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Sri+Karana++Mahasenapati |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref> They owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Sadasiba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_UeAAAAMAAJ&q=athgarh+state+srikaran |title=Agrarian and Political Movements: States of Orissa, 1931 to 1949 |date=1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0038-3 |language=en}}</ref> They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Joanna Gottfried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22wCxbKAdmkC&dq=The+Two-headed+Deer%3A+Illustrations+of+the+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+in+Orissa&pg=PA90 |title=The Two-headed Deer: Illustrations of the Rāmāyaṇa in Orissa |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08065-2 |language=en}}</ref> Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for 50 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Origin==
===Divisions===
Karanas in Odisha are divided into various divisions, out of these divisions [[Kshatriya]] Karanas are considered superior to other divisions of Karanas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana%20caste |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref> They are classified as Vratyas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prinsep |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q_gAAAAMAAJ&dq=ray+karan+caste&pg=RA2-PA34 |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |date=1905 |publisher=Bishop's College Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas used to observe rituals like [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] and [[Upanayana]] in their community.<ref name=bd>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Biswarup |date=1980 |title=Kayasthas and Karanas in Orissa—A Study on Inscriptions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141924 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=41 |pages=940–944 |jstor=44141924 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

===Medieval Period===
The frequent admission of land grants to princes, [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] and various officials gave rise to a new new class of writers. However the Karanas crystallized into a distinct caste only in the 10th or 11th century AD owning to social mobility. Any mention of the term prior to that period simply denotes its functional aspect rather than a caste affiliation.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004"/>

==Social status==
'''Medieval Period'''

Karanas alongwith [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] feature in the 10th century inscriptions of [[Odisha]] and are represented as heads of the local population. Such depiction denotes their high social rank.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Brahmana+Karana+-+Puroga+-+nivasi |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref> Karanas enjoyed high status in medieval period and [[Marriage|married]] within the royal households. An example of this can be found in the Arasavali copper plate of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] monarch Vajrahasta III.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004" /> They occupied high positions under the feudatory kings of Odisha, most of them were appointed as [[Dewan]]s in the princely states of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF4KAQAAIAAJ&q=held+high |title=Orissa District Gazetteers |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas find mention in [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhauma-Kara]] records and are represented as Sadhyadhikarana or Chief Judicial Officer of a district. Similarly Srikarana featured in the temple inscription is said to have been the accountant general of [[Anangabhima Deva III]] of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. A Kosthakarana was a top administrative officer of Narsimha Deva 4 of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]]. Terms like Deula Karana represented the rank of Temple administrator. Samanta Karanas were the aristrocratic families of Karanas from Odisha, the word Samanta was also used by the kings of Odisha, thus it can be said Karanas were associated with the royal families of [[Odisha]].<ref name=bd/> The head of a Karana family was known as Samanta while his wife was known as Samantani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUvRAAAAMAAJ&q=head+of+a+karan+family+samanta |title=History of Orissa in the 19th Century |date=1964 |publisher=Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Some Karanas also received land grants and held feudatory status in medieval Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Shishir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC1uAAAAMAAJ&q=karanas+received+land+grants |title=New Perspectives on the History and Culture of Orissa |date=2000 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-23-3 |language=en}}</ref> They appear to be an important community in [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] as they held high positions in the government such as the post of army general, prime minister and accountant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Dr Manas Kumar |date=May 7, 2022 |title=DDCE, Utkal |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/ |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=ddceutkal.ac.in}}</ref> Karanas were associated with the administration of the ruling dynasties of Odisha, a general named Srikarana Mahananda Senapati of the Karan caste was the army general and governor of Anangabhima 3 of Eastern Ganga dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Biswarup |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfYdAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana+caste |title=Orissa: Social, Cultural, and Religious Aspects |date=1985 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> Srikarana Mahananda Senapati was the Senadhyakshawara of the Kingdom or Commander in chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parida |first=Asok Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jluAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+mahananda+senapati |title=Aspects of Socio-cultural Life in Early and Medieval Orissa |date=1996 |publisher=DSA Programme, Post Graduate Department of History, Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Another official named Srikarana Pattanaik Viswanatha Mahasenapati was the army general and governor of Narsimha Deva 4 of Eastern Ganga Dynasty, he governed four Dandapatas or Rajyas of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]], he was also the Puro Srikarana of the Kingdom or Prime Minister.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Another general named Srikarana Suru Senapati under the reign of Anangabhima Dev 2 is said to have donated lands to the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple of Puri]] as evidenced from inscriptions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=S. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iY8MAQAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+senapati |title=Virajā, the Capital of Ancient Orissa |date=2007 |publisher=Pratibha Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7702-148-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ramananda Ray]] was the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]], he was also a minister of [[Prataparudra Deva|Gajapati Prataparudra Deva]], [[Ramananda Ray]]a belonged to Karan community. The founder of [[Athgarh State]] was Raja SriKaran Niladri Bhagirath Barman Patnaik. He was the minister of the Raja of Puri, who conferred on him the title of Raja and gave him Athgarh for his service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>

'''Modern Period'''

In British colonial era, Karanas owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha and were extremely rich.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Bishnupada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuLZAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+zamindar |title=Some Aspects of Socio-economic Changes in South Western Frontier Bengal Since Introduction of Neo-Vaiṣṇavism |date=1996 |publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7102-049-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+zamindar+extremely+rich |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/189767/11/11_chapter%25204.pdf |title=sg.inflibnet.ac.in |format= }}</ref> They also received large amounts of land grants in Khurda administration of [[Khurda kingdom|Khurda]] Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanabe |first=Akio |date= 2020|title=Genealogies of the "Paika Rebellion": Heterogeneities and Linkages |journal=International Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S1479591420000157 |issn=1479-5914|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In recent post-Independence era India, they have also played a dominant role in politics. Such is their prominence in politics that many members from the Karan community have been elected as the [[Chief Ministers of Odisha]], hence they are also dubbed as the political caste of Odisha.<ref name="VermaSingh2020">{{cite book|author1=Pramit Verma|author2=Pardeep Singh|title=Urban Ecology: Emerging Patterns and Social-Ecological Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7vbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|date=14 July 2020|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-820731-4|pages=83–}}</ref>

== Society and culture ==
'''Role in temple administration'''

Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana sub divisions of Karanas are the key servitors in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] of Puri. They alongwith other key servitors manage the administration of temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Servitors firm on Sri Jagannath temple lock |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/oct/13/servitors-firm-on-sri-jagannath-temple-lock-2209588.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 October 2020 }}</ref> Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana servitors are also the representatives of the Raja of Puri and assist him in performing the temple rituals associated with Lord Jagannath.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-16 |title=Transfer of 'soul' during Nabakalebara {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/transfer-of-soul-during-nabakalebara/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable people==

=== Chief Ministers ===
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and freedom fighter.<ref name="Rediff.com 2000">{{cite web | title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa | website=Rediff.com | date=2000-02-14 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm | access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref>
* [[Biren Mitra]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]].<ref>"Rediff.com 2000"</ref>
* [[Biju Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], freedom fighter, industrialist and pilot.<ref name="toi_patnaik">{{cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and former [[Governor of Assam]].<ref name="toi_patnaik" />
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and second longest serving Chief Minister of any Indian state.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Freedom Fighters & Social Reformers ===
* [[Madhusudan Das|Utkala Gouraba Madhusudan Das]]; Indian Lawyer, industrialist, social reformer, founder of [[Utkal Sammilani]] and prominent figure for creation of [[Orissa Province]] (present-day [[Odisha]], India).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Hiranya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV8uEAAAQBAJ&dq=madhusudan+das+karan+caste&pg=PT168 |title=Odisha of My Times: English Translation of "Mo Samayara Odisha" by Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |date=2021-05-14 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63850-732-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhuri|Gopabandhu Choudhury]]; deputy magistrate in British Government, Indian activist, social worker and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=Choudhury++Karana |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]]; freedom fighter, social reformer and [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner.
* [[Annapurna Maharana|Annapurna Choudhury]]; women's rights activist and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-03 |title=Annapurna Maharana cremated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Annapurna-Maharana-cremated/articleshow/17870114.cms |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Prabhat Kumar |date=October 2022 |title=Annapurna Maharana : a philanthropist |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2022/October/engpdf/203-204.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=2}}</ref>
* [[Braja Sundar Das]]; Zamindar of Tisania estate, freedom fighter, politician, poet and social reformer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ସଂ. |url=https://archive.org/details/jajapurara-dui-amlana-pratibha-bichitra-nanda-o-braja-sundar-1997 |title=ଯାଜପୁରର ଦୁଇ ଅମ୍ଳାନ ପ୍ରତିଭା – ବିଚିତ୍ରା ନନ୍ଦ ଓ ବ୍ରଜ ସୁନ୍ଦର |date=1997 |language=Oriya}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi]]; Independence activist, feminist, social activist, writer and first Odia woman to join the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Non-cooperation movement]] also the first woman to be elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=karana |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopala Ballabha Das]]; writer, social reformer, deputy magistrate in British Government, assistant of Odisha commissioner during British rule and superintendent of all [[Princely state]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=Gopala+Ballabha |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jagabandhu Patnaik]]; [[Dewan]] of [[Porahat]] and the first martyr from [[Odisha]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahu |first=N. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcQtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jagabandhu+patnaik |title=Veer Surendra Sai |date=1985 |publisher=Department of Culture, Government of Orissa |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhagirathi Mahapatra]]; Indian lawyer, politician and founding member and first secretary of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee|Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=bhagirathi+mohapatra+karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nityanand Kanungo]]; social activist, former [[Governor of Bihar]] and [[Governor of Gujarat|Gujarat]], former union minister in [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Binod Kanungo]]; freedom fighter, [[Odisha Sahitya Academi Award|Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner and educator.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nilamani Senapati |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3044 |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Karaput |last2=Nabin Kumar Sahu |date=1966 |publisher=Cuttack, Superintendent Orissa Government Press}}</ref>
* [[Biswanath Pattnaik]]; social reformer and [[Bhoodan movement]] leader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barua |first=Ananya |date=2019-06-05 |title=Koraputia Gandhi: The Forgotten Legend Who Served Odisha's Tribals for 77 Years |url=https://thebetterindia.com/185187/koraputia-gandhi-odisha-biswanath-pattnaik/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sarangadhar Das]]; Indian nationalist revolutionary, member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]] for framing newly independent India's [[Constitution of India|constitution]].

=== Vaishnav Saints ===
* [[Achyutananda Dasa]]; 16th-century poet seer and Vaishnava saint.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA83 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ananta Dasa]]; Odia poet, mystic and one of the chief saint of Utkaliya [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=ananta+dasa+karana&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Balarama Dasa]]; 15th-century poet seer, litterateur, writer of [[Jagamohana Ramayana]] and [[Lakshmi Purana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI4eAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva |date=1984 |publisher=Panchashila |language=en}}</ref>

=== Historical Figures ===
* [[Bisara Mohanty]]; historical figure of Jagannath culture who rescued Daru Brahma (soul stuff) of Lord Jagannath from the river Ganga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Gopinath |date=July 2020 |title=Bisara Mohanty, An Ardent Devotee ISSN 0970-8669 |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2020/Jun-Jul/engpdf/20-30.pdf |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIzXAAAAMAAJ&q=bisar+mohanty |title=Jagannath Revisited: Studying Society, Religion, and the State in Orissa |last2=Schnepel |first2=Burkhard |date=2001 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-386-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramananda Ray]]; author of Jagannath Vallabha Natakam and the Governor of [[Gajapati Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhavi Pattanayak]]; 16th-century poet and disciple of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&dq=Madhavi+Dasi&pg=PA32 |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Art & Literature ===
* [[Brajanath Badajena]]; Odia poet and descendant of 16th-century poet Raghu Arakhita.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eBtAAAAMAAJ&q=Brajanath+badajena+Karan |title=Proceedings |date=1976 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Dasa]]; Odia [[Bhakti movement|bhakti-poet]] and composer of [[Odissi music]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Janaki Ballabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&q=Karan |title=Banamali Das |date=1993 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-449-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Birakishore Das|Jatiya Kabi Birakishore Das]]; National poet, social activist, politician and the editor of "Mo Desha" .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahanti |first=Jagannatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zepjAAAAMAAJ&q=Birakishore+das |title=Children's Literature of Orissa |date=1993 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka]]; Odia poet and composer of [[Odissi music]].
* [[Radhanath Ray]]; poet, novelist, essayist, educationist, cultural relativist, orator and song writer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopinath Mohanty |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.220244/2015.220244.Radhanath-Ray_djvu.txt |title=Radhanath Ray |date=1983}}</ref>
* [[Gourishankar Ray]]; writer and a prominent figure amongst the makers of [[Odisha|Modern Odisha]].
* [[Artaballabha Mohanty]]; writer, literary critique and the publisher of only available print record of [[Madala Panji]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-06 |title=Some Great Odiya Personalities |url=http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |access-date=2024-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306153914/http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |archive-date=2014-03-06 }}</ref>
* [[Kalicharan Pattnaik]]; eminent literary and artistic figure of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharitri E-Paper |url=https://www.dharitri.com/e-Paper/Bhubaneswar/231217/p6.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.dharitri.com}}</ref>
* [[Annada Shankar Ray]]; Indian poet and essayist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় – |url=https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133459/https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |archive-date=2020-05-11 }}</ref>
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-20 |title=Gopinath Mohanty Memorial Lecture today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/apr/20/gopinath-mohanty-memorial-lecture-today-1966706.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> novelist, winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].
* [[Surendra Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Sambad: 24 and counting |url=https://orissamatters.com/2007/10/04/sambad/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Orissa Matters |language=en-US}}</ref> author, politician and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.

=== Education & Research ===
* [[Prana Krushna Parija]]; Indian botanist, scientist, politician, winner of [[Padma Bhushan]] and Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-19 |title=New Page |url=http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119004950/http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |archive-date=2012-11-19 }}</ref>
* [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]]; educator, public intellectual and ex-principal of Ranchi University (now [[Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University]]), vice Chancellor of [[Utkal University]], an advisor to [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra of Nepal]] and played a key role in establishing [[Kathmandu|Kathmandu's]] [[Tribhuvan University]] also helped to setup [[Nagaland University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Das, Bidhu Bhusan, 1922- - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89267884.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=id.loc.gov}}</ref>
* [[Prabhat Nalini Das]]; public intellectual, first dean/director of Humanities division at [[IIT Kanpur]], vice chancellor of [[North-Eastern Hill University]] also served as a professor of English and head of the English department at several prestigious institutions including [[Delhi University]], [[Ranchi University]], [[Lady Shri Ram College]] and [[Utkal University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashutosh Sheshabalaya on Global Reach |date=May 9, 2013 |url=https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The VoiceAmerica Talk |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhu Sudan Kanungo]]; renowned Indian scientist in the fields of neuroscience and gerontology. He is best known for his Gene Expression Theory of Aging, also founder-director of Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, chancellor of [[Nagaland University]] and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-16 |title=Noted scholar M S Kanungo passes away |work=The Times of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205554/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |archive-date=2012-09-16}}</ref>
* [[Jitendra Nath Mohanty]] ; Indian philosopher, served as a Emeritus professor of Philosophy in [[Temple University|Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some Memories of My Teacher, J.N. Mohanty – The Indian Philosophy Blog |url=https://indianphilosophyblog.org/2023/03/20/some-memories-of-my-teacher-j-n-mohanty/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=indianphilosophyblog.org}}</ref>
* [[Nikhil Mohan Pattnaik]]; Indian scholar, scientist and founder of Srujanika, a science education and research non profit organization situated in Bhubaneswar'''''.'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-03 |title=The digital book binder - The New Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |access-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903203527/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |archive-date=2013-09-03 }}</ref>

=== Jurists ===
* [[Ananga Kumar Patnaik]]; Former justice of [[Supreme Court of India]], former chief justice of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] and [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-18 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Patnaik |url=http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818021930/http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |archive-date=2013-08-18 }}</ref>
* [[Gopal Ballav Pattanaik]]; Former [[Chief Justice of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-11-08 |title=G B Pattanaik takes oath as Chief Justice of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/G-B-Pattanaik-takes-oath-as-Chief-Justice-of-India/articleshow/27669480.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Bira Kishore Ray]]; First [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହାଇକୋର୍ଟର ପ୍ରଥମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରପତି ବୀର କିଶୋର ରାୟଙ୍କ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧବାର୍ଷିକୀ |url=https://odishasambad.in/remembering-first-chief-justice-of-odisha-highcourt-birakishore-ray-on-his-death-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Odisha Sambad |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sukanta Kishore Ray]]; Former [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1301877170150935&set=basw.AboNUNr0IBOnV-RUCDm-Qa2FcZhFGUBB2-t4z92shOJHVxw34qeelqveLfBYs-pcWGVogrirYAp9HyCfiZ854A91w_aMNgNZg33czIiwwcKcu9sM5Rjocquzl_dp-x0agHOHSa2k9RiVJDmVqBt-7uoUD99n9Zqlkm_6hlqUtoHWrke7Ynjtwc1Xz_Z3G7ni1n5tzEr2AAspW4h_VCOVKQcqVieuhVYgpsrpOFizQNtJAHi_jEzlW7DlvG4yn42cQRjpwMfVp-MUDkwbZOQLfgENNKtlkrsYdE7-xsZA_f166G4IiCv3hIYV31ONFiHjiiU&opaqueCursor=AbpZlBMyzgd724HSzZjMNSjNQK42kuR3w58iF-JV9X_h8T0FhL2nwtssTo8Z7vrDY90h_ay50K6Dxy8eFBU2xnd51S2KRmcqpyBAbebQufIBGO_aNnGaBSbUpTpDg8Ce4S_iXRN4Le3IlXoonIh72EsL1yFGXvm9USHy8euRIqIYQ5-0RU3jn_6Ex77ZF-9XoxNhuYlZJhpito3iRQUDo5E7HQJcjoJJj3EM0sJD4s6GP3Mf4k1k2YJs91nHCdo_yLfS4vB70Zxvbo7yBsrBtnN55d_5uCSGyrVvAMMD2uiU7n5_BdUSkkE-bsjZXQndklj0MhDKUl44RmImzy-tJmwQbIfZa9eJatk3PmkZne2wr15Lwr41PJV-SzAS4guvdYTlSFSZdDmVeLdUFy7-fhg6hhc3bl4yiY1spv1zAKkdbvMZgx4gN_PIhxoDKKgGqpFQv2JlBf31qcQ8C1NhCUY2ubq68Xu0RIB24NJPZuevnPJe_KipqixDaRRSxxXx3E13qS5P3apvxZzWMYjnY2hn5bK2L31qdYp41tpARzId7-MbN2stiNG8cLKPFMO8bh-TuyF9Nj4CNHffKJcB-iCcqWmpBcLvEcmMHmJcYZzwKTyxBEaT9XxAxXVoutdHf1dt9SKmzPSKsZVPizNLemjmv4RIBjAAoGrGXZG9yb_tuDtZwA4FCWmbYiNYF--duRjBmKoE-C_zD1o-w3dT-IqPeInFAN5PqutZRe5ER8SaKsNzRe3uJrYhia3VQPX1DsUQvqlvZL4TA13jqxvcbFwM8PYVZX7y5_Cba_G-dEsUFbMnr30k1VGyD3cPbGN-sHCPACEsXiAEUpICk3B1xFTGcUAJYgV4DyMjEdqv32W8wHAkeGR7JhqyiJFzhv-RJGI |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* Jugal Kishore Mohanty; Former [[Sikkim High Court|Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-03-20 |title=Governor Biswa Bhusan pays tributes to Justice Jugal Kishore Mohanty |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/governor-biswa-bhusan-pays-tributes-to-justice-jugal-kishore-mohanty-677707 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]]; Former [[Jharkhand High Court|Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Justice Pradip Kumar Mohanty appointed as Chief Justice of Jharkhand HC {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801125123/http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |archive-date=2018-08-01 }}</ref>

=== Others ===
* [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]; retired [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General of the Indian Army]], 42nd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], former [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=Lt Gen Chandi Prasad Mohanty is General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Army Command |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/24/lt-gen-chandi-prasad-mohanty-is-general-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-southern-army-command-2093740.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kishen Pattnaik]]; Indian politician, social activist, author, founder & editor of hindi monthly periodical called ''Samayik Varta.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sambad |date=2022-09-22 |title=ଖଡ଼ିଆଳର ପୂର୍ବତନ ବିଧାୟକ କପିଳ ନାରାୟଣ ତିୱାରୀଙ୍କ ପରଲୋକ |url=https://sambad.in/state/kapil-narayan-tiwari-former-mla-of-khadial-passed-away-879906/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Sambad |language=or}}</ref>
* [[Jayanti Patnaik]]; four-time Member of Parliament, first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]] and wife of former Chief Minister of Odisha and ex governor of Assam [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|Shri Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-22 |title=NCW::Breif History |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322143848/http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
* [[Niranjan Patnaik]]; former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]] and Ex Cabinet Minister.<ref name=":3" />
* [[Sarat Pattanayak]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-23 |title=Old war horse Sarat Pattnayak appointed Odisha Congress chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-war-horse-sarat-pattnayak-appointed-odisha-congress-chief/articleshow/91749222.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Patnaik]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Lok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0ZPAQAAMAAJ&q=banamali+%22Patnaik%22+passed+obituary+1980 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1980 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>
* Samir Mohanty; Indian politician and former president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Samir Mohanty elected Odisha BJP president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samir-mohanty-elected-odisha-bjp-chief-president-narendra-singh-tomar-1637543-2020-01-16 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]; Indian politician, writer, film producer and founder-editor of the [[Odia language|Odia]] daily [[Sambad]].<ref name=":3" />
* [[Ashok Kumar Das]]; Indian politician and former leader of opposition in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] during [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-23 |title=Sons rise in Orissa politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/story/sons-rise-in-orissa-politics-48405-2009-05-22 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pranab Prakash Das]]; Indian politician, former Energy Minister and one of the prominent leader in [[Naveen Patnaik|Naveen Patnaik's]] Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranab Prakash Das(BJD):Constituency- JAJPUR(JAJPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5577 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Bijoy Mohapatra]]; former Irrigation Minister and most powerful minister (known as Super Chief Minister) in [[Biju Patnaik|Biju Patnaik's]] cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-20 |title=Orissa Politics: Bijoy Mohapatra : In Jaya Chandra's Path - By Manoj Padhi |url=http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820041358/http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |archive-date=20 August 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]; former state's Cabinet Minister in [[Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Naveen Patnaik's Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naba Kisore Das(BJD):Constituency- JHARSUGUDA(JHARSUGUDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4872 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Manas Mangaraj]]; Indian politician, journalist and member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Odisha]] as member of [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manas Ranjan Mangaraj(BJD):(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=990 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Akshaya Mohanty]]; singer, lyricist, composer, musician, writer and Jayadev award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-25 |title=$ $ $ Akshaya Mohanty $ $ $ |url=http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152426/http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |archive-date=25 March 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Hara Patnaik]]; Indian actor, director, screenplay writer and singer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-17 |title=Odia actor Hara Patnaik dead |work=IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117232210/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref>
* [[Akshay Parija]]: Indian film maker and businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=A Life Transformed |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=3237 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Harvard Business School Alumni |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bijay Mohanty]]; Indian actor, Jayadev award winner, Orissa Cine Critics Award winner, National Film Awards winner and 6 times [[Odisha State Film Awards]] winner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=Odisha bids a tearful adieu to Bijay Mohanty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/odisha-bids-a-tearful-adieu-to-bijay-mohanty/articleshow/77110843.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Arindam Roy|Arindam Ray]]; Indian actor, politician and son in law of former leader of opposition [[Ashok Kumar Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy, BJP Candidate from Salipur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/arindam-roy-s18aed2008a094e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SALIPUR(CUTTACK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1179 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Buddhaditya Mohanty]]; Indian actor.
* [[Mahasweta Ray]]; Ollywood actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Award winner]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-08 |title=Weaving a legacy of grace |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/magazine/2010/Dec/12/weaving-a-legacy-of-grace-210240.html |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Anubhav Mohanty]]; Indian actor and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubhav Mohanty(BJD):Constituency- KENDRAPARA(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10133 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Uttam Mohanty]]; Indian actor, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Awards winner]] and Jayadev Award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttam Mohanty {{!}} Actor, Writer, Music Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0595948/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Babushaan Mohanty]]; Indian actor, playback singer and son of [[Uttam Mohanty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Pragativadi News |date=2022-07-31 |title=Babushaan celebrates birthday with fans, cuts cake; Announces new Odia film "Gajapati" |url=https://pragativadi.com/babushaan-celebrates-birthday-with-fans-cuts-cake-announces-new-odia-film-gajapati/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Pragativadi {{!}} Odisha News, Breaking News Odisha, Latest Odisha News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Surnames ==
Some titles associated with the Karan caste includes:

[[Patnaik]], [[Mohanty]], [[Chowdhury|Choudhury]], [[Das (surname)|Das]], [[Rai (title)|Ray]], [[Mohapatra]], [[Samantray|Samantaray]], [[Routray]], Chhotray, Kanungo, [[Bakshi]], Raychoudhury, Bohidar, Srikarana, Dandapata, Das Mahapatra, Parija, Pruseth, Narendra, Mahasenapati, Srichandan, Harichandan, Bebarta, Mangaraj, Samantasinghar, [[Jena (surname)|Badajena]], [[Behera (title)|Behera]] etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upadhyay |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6y1uAAAAMAAJ&q=jena+karana |title=Origin of Orissa Names |date=2000 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |isbn=978-81-86472-60-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=kshatriya+Karan+jena |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBNDAAAAYAAJ&q=Dandapata |title=Proceedings |date=2006 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jena |first=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGZyHbmMVFEC&q=+karan+caste |title=Land Revenue Administration in Orissa During the Nineteenth Century |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/15193/10/10_chapter%25203.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Descendants of Chitragupta |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/devdutt-pattanaik--descendants-of-chitragupta-19083152 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hust |first=Evelin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xUqAAAAYAAJ&q=karan+kayastha |title=Women's Political Representation and Empowerment in India: A Million Indiras Now? |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-575-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=jagannath+in+history+and+religious+tradition |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Mauchline Roberts |first=Elizabeth |title=Gandhi and the Indian nationalist movement to 1920 |date=2019-08-13 |work=Gandhi, Nehru and Modern India |pages=14–27 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000628197/chapters/10.4324/9780367351717-2 |access-date=2024-10-26 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780367351717-2 |isbn=978-0-367-35171-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS5uAAAAMAAJ&q=bakshi |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sundargarh |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Dipti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to_U9I6Ol9wC&dq=srikarana+mahasenapati&pg=PA77 |title=Prataparudradeva, the Last Great Suryavamsi King of Orissa (A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1540) |date=2007 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-195-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moharana |first=Surendra |date=July 2016 |title=The Role of Daitas in Navakalevara |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2015/July/engpdf/115-122.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=116}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Madala Panji]], a chronicle of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] written by '''Karanas'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=+madala+panji |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rath |first=Bijaya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=Cultural History of Orissa, A.D. 855-1110 |date=1983 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhoi dynasty]], a medieval Hindu dynasty founded by [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC&pg=PA2687 |title=Indian Encyclopaedia |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&pg=SL2-PA32 |title=General Studies History 4 Upsc |date=2005-11-01 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited |isbn=978-0-07-060447-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORnlAAAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA175 |title=Indian History |isbn=978-1-259-06323-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o8BAAAAMAAJ&q=accountant |title=The History of the Gajapati Kings of Orissa and Their Successors |date=1953 |publisher=General Trading Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=govinda+vidyadhara+accountant |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara&pg=PT340 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brighenti |first=Francesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnnXAAAAMAAJ&q=bhoi+karan |title=Śakti Cult in Orissa |date=2001 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0179-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce61AAAAIAAJ&q=bhoi+writer+ |title=The Sultanate of Delhi: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age (711 - 1526 A.D.) |date=1959 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Athgarh State]], a [[Princely state]] founded by Raja Niladri Bhagirathi Barman Pattanayak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+bebarta |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Cuttack |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Karani script|Karani Script]], an Odia Script introduced by '''Karanas,''' it was primarily used for court, land, temple, and accounting records as well as other administrative purposes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]

Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

2025-03-20T20:09:00Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Politician from Odisha, India (1927–2015)}}
{{About|the politician|the sinologist and translator|Janaki Ballabh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
| office = 25th [[List of Governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| image = J B Pattnaik, Governor of Assam.jpg
| caption = Janaki Ballabh Patnaik in 2009
| predecessor = [[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
| successor = [[Padmanabha Acharya]]
| predecessor1 = [[Biju Patnaik]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| order1 = 11th
| office1 = Chief Minister of Odisha
| predecessor2 = [[Nilamani Routray]]
| successor2 = [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| successor1 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|01|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puri district|Rameshwar]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2015|04|21|1927|01|03}}
| death_place = [[Tirupati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| parents = Gokulananda Patnaik (father)
| spouse = [[Jayanti Patnaik]]
| children = Pruthvi Ballabh Patnaik (son) Sudatta Patnaik (daughter) Supriya Patnaik (daughter)
| relatives = [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]] (son in law)
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Ravenshaw University]]|[[Utkal University]]|[[Banaras Hindu University]]}}
| blank1 = Awards
| data1 =
| website = {{Official website|http://online.assam.gov.in/governors-page}}
| term_start = 11 December 2009
| term_end = 10 December 2014
| term_start2 = 9 June 1980
| term_end2 = 7 December 1989
| term_start1 = 15 March 1995
| term_end1 = 17 February 1999
| office8 = Union Minister of Tourism, Civil Aviation and Labour
| term_start8 = 16 January 1980
| term_end8 = 7 June 1980
| office9 = President of Indian Youth Congress, Odisha state unit
| term_start9 = 1950
| term_end9 = n/a
}}

'''Janaki Ballabh Patnaik''' (3 January 1927 – 21 April 2015) was an Indian politician who had been 25th [[Governor of Assam]] from 2009 to 2014.<ref name="death" /> A leader of the [[Indian National Congress]], he was [[Chief Minister]] of [[Odisha]] from 1980 to 1989 and again from 1995 to 1999, holding that post for the longest time on record before [[Naveen Patnaik]]. In 1950, he became the President of the Odisha state unit of the youth wing of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. In 1980, he became the Union Minister for Tourism, Civil Aviation and Labour from 16 January to 7 June.

==Personal life==
He was born in a humble [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His father Gokulananda Patnaik was a reputed writer and teacher.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-23 |title=Family keeps away from politics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/family-keeps-away-from-politics/articleshow/47020373.cms |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He married to [[Jayanti Patnaik]] in 1953, a four-time Member of Parliament and first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]].<ref>{{Citation |title=National Commission for Women |date=2025-03-11 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_Women |access-date=2025-03-12 |language=en}}</ref> He completed his schooling from Khurda High School, he graduated in Sanskrit (Honours) from [[Utkal University]] in 1947 and received his Master's Degree in Political Science from the [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janaki Ballava Patnaik |url=https://www.odishaestore.com/writer-janaki-ballava-patnaik?srsltid=AfmBOoqIaKuOa3ia43weMbaTcZRchII_WZg8MosESLvpaLq1FvFo7t2O |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Odisha E Store |language=en}}</ref>

He was accused of involvement in the [[Anjana Mishra rape case|Anjana Mishra case]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://appiusforum.net/anjana_mishra.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312155423/http://appiusforum.net/anjana_mishra.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 March 2010|title=My story BY ANJANA MISHRA|date=7 February 1999|work=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/System-insensitive-says-rape-victim/articleshow/1905236.cms? |title=System insensitive, says rape victim
|author=Nilanjana Bhaduri Jha|date= 18 August 2006|work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:JB Patnaik.jpg|thumb|left|Janaki Patnaik's statue in JB Patnaik memorial park, Khordha.]]
He died on Tuesday, 21 April 2015, aged 88 at [[Tirupati]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. On Monday, 20 April 2015, he had gone to attend the convocation of [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]], of which he was chancellor, and also visited the Lord [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425053911/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-21/news/61378999_1_naveen-patnaik-prime-minister-narendra-modi-janaki-ballabh-patnaik Former Odisha CM J B Patnaik passes away at 89]}}</ref><ref>[http://odishachannel.com/index.php/4095/janaki-ballabh-patnaik-cremated-in-puri/ Janaki Ballabh Patnaik cremated in Puri]</ref><ref name="death">{{cite news|title=PM Modi condoles the Death of former Orissa CM Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/pm-modi-condoles-the-death-of-former-orissa-cm-janaki-ballabh-patnaik/|access-date=21 April 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|date=21 April 2015}}</ref> Later in the night, he complained of severe chest pain and was subsequently shifted to Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) where he died at around 3:00 am. on 21 April. He leaves behind a legacy of having translated the [[Mahabharata]], the [[Ramayana]] and the [[Bhagavad Gita]] into his mother tongue, as he was a Sanskrit-Odia scholar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Former Assam Governor J.B. Patnaik passes away|url=http://www.myinfoindia.com/odisha-cm-j-b-patnaik-passes-away/|newspaper=myinfoindia|date=21 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Janaki Ballabh Patnaik}}
*[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990220/ipo20039.html The Indian Express on Patnaik's marginalisation]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040729124515/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/13/stories/2004041301161300.htm Q & A : J.B. Patnaik]}} The Hindu
*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/assam-governor-jb-patnaik-passes-away-in-tirupati/ Assam Governor JB Patnaik passes away in Tirupati] Indian Express
*[http://www.assamtimes.org/node/12549 Farewell to JB Patnaik]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
| title=[[List of Governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| years=2009-2014
| after= [[Padmanabha Acharya]]
}}
{{Succession box
|before= [[Nilamani Routray]](1st term) [[Biju Pattanaik]](3rd term)
|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
|years=9 June 1980 to 7 December 1989 (1st & 2nd term) 15 March 1995 to 17 February 1999 (3rd term)
|after= [[Hemananda Biswal]](2nd term) [[Giridhar Gamang]](3rd term)
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Janaki Ballabh}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Odisha]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Governors of Assam]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:People from Tirupati]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Labour ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]

Biju Patnaik

2025-03-20T20:07:24Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Indian politician and aviator (1916-1997)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{NPOV language|date=October 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2014}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Biju Patnaik
| image = Biju Patnaik 2018 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Biju Patnaik commemorative stamp
| order1 = 3rd
| office1 = Chief Minister of Odisha
| term_start1 = 5 March 1990
| term_end1 = 15 March 1995
| predecessor1 = [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| successor1 = [[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]]
| term_start2 = 23 June 1961
| term_end2 = 2 October 1963
| predecessor2 = [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
| successor2 = [[Biren Mitra]]
| office3 = [[Morarji Desai Ministry|Minister of Steel, Mines and Coals]]
| primeminister3 = [[Charan Singh]]
| term_start3 = 30 July 1979
| term_end3 = 14 January 1980
| predecessor3 = ''Vacant''
| successor3 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| term_start4 = 26 March 1977
| term_end4 = 15 July 1979
| primeminister4 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| predecessor4 = [[Chandrajit Yadav]] (As [[Minister of State|MoS]])
| successor4 = ''Vacant''
| office5 = Former Chief Minister Of Odisha
| term_start5 = 1977
| term_end5 = 1985
| constituency5 = [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| predecessor5 = [[Surendra Mohanty]]
| successor5 = [[Sarat Kumar Deb]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|03|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]] (now [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|04|17|1916|03|05|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| birth_name = Bijayananda Patnaik
| party = [[Janata Dal]] (1989–1997)
| otherparty = [[Janata Party]] (1977–1989) [[Utkal Congress]] (1969–1977) [[Indian National Congress]] (1946–1969)
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw College]]
| profession = {{hlist|[[Politician]]|
[[Aviator]]}}
| spouse = Gyan Patnaik
| signature =
| children = Prem Patnaik [[Naveen Patnaik]] [[Gita Mehta]]
| relatives = [[Sonny Mehta]] (son-in-law)
| awards = {{ubl|[[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia|Bintang Jasa Utama]] (1995)|[[Order of Lenin]]}}
}}
'''Bijayananda Patnaik''' (5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997) was an Indian politician and aviator. He served as the 3rd [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister]] of the State of [[Odisha]] from 1961 to 1963 and from 1990 to 1995. He was also the 14th Steel and mines and 1st Coal Union Minister of India from 1979 to 1980 and from 1977 to 1979 and a member of Lok Sabha from [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]] from 1977 to 1985. He is the father of [[Naveen Patnaik]], also a former CM of Odisha.
[[File:Biju_Pattnaik_statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of Biju Pattnaik]]

== Early life ==
Biju Patnaik was born in an aristocratic [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-07-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=M I Khan |date=February 2000 |title=The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=[[Rediff]] |quote=The Patnaiks - Biju, J B, Naveen - are Karans.}}</ref> His parents lived in Ghumusar Nuagam, [[Bellaguntha]], [[Ganjam district]], around 80 km from [[Bramhapur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tall Man Of Odisha|url=https://odishabytes.com/tall-man-of-odisha-lesser-known-facts-about-biju-patnaik-on-his-104th-birth-anniv|via=odishabytes.com}}</ref> Biju Patnaik's father Laxminarayan Patnaik was the [[Dewan]] of [[Paralakhemundi Estate]] under [[Krushna Chandra Gajapati|Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Padhy |first=Krushna Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnEmAAAAMAAJ&q=dewan+laxminarayan+patnaik |title=Corruption in Politics: A Case Study |date=1986 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7018-344-0 |language=en}}</ref> Biju Patnaik was educated at [[Ravenshaw College]] in Odisha but, due to his interest in aviation, dropped out and trained as a [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]]. Patnaik flew with private airlines but at the start of the [[Second World War]] he joined the [[Royal Indian Air Force]]. He eventually became the head of air transport command. While in service, he developed an interest in nationalist politics and used air force transports to deliver what was seen as subversive literature to Indian troops. He was jailed by the British for dropping political leaflets to Indian soldiers fighting under British command in [[Burma]] and flying clandestine missions that carried Congress Party leaders from hideouts across India to secret meetings that charted the independence struggle. However Patnaik remained committed to fighting the [[Axis Powers]].

==Role in Indonesian freedom struggle==
{{see also|Sutan Sjahrir}}
Patnaik met with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during his participation in [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian freedom struggle]] and became one of his trusted friends. Nehru viewed the freedom struggle of the Indonesian people as parallel to that of India, and viewed Indonesia as a potential ally. When the Dutch attempted to quell Indonesian independence on 21 July 1947, President [[Sukarno]] ordered [[Sutan Sjahrir|Sjahrir]], the former prime minister of Indonesia, to leave the country to attend the first Inter-Asia Conference, organised by Nehru, in July 1947<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajit Singh praises Biju Patnaik |date=5 March 2013 |newspaper=Zee News (Zee Media Corporation Ltd) |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/ajit-singh-praises-biju-patnaik_833198.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728192128/http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/ajit-singh-praises-biju-patnaik_833198.html |archive-date=28 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and to foment international public opinion against the Dutch.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Joshi, Dina Krishna |title=Biju Patnaik: The Legendary Hero |year=2010 |journal=Orissa Review |volume=2010 |issue=2, February/March |pages=53–56, page 55 |url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/Feb-Mar/engpdf/feb-march-2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808165437/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/Feb-Mar/engpdf/feb-march-2010.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sjahrir was unable to leave as the Dutch controlled the Indonesian sea and air routes. Nehru asked Patnaik, who was adventurous and an expert pilot, to rescue Sjahrir and other Indonesian resistance fighters who were fighting their Dutch colonisers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biju Patnaik Biography – Biju Patnaik Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=India Guide (iloveindia.com) |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/biju-patnaik.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622220017/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/biju-patnaik.html |archive-date=22 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Patnaik and his wife Gyanwati, flew to [[Java]], dodging the Dutch guns, he entered Indonesian airspace and landed on an improvised airstrip near Jakarta. Using left-over fuel from abandoned Japanese military dumps, Patnaik took off with prominent rebels, including Sultan Sjahrir and Achmad Sukarno, for a secret meeting with Nehru at New Delhi and brought out on a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47]] (Dakota) military aircraft reaching India via [[Singapore]] on 24 July 1947. For this act of bravery, Patnaik was given honorary citizenship in Indonesia<ref>{{Cite news |title=Biju Patnaik |date=24 April 1997 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=http://www.economist.com/node/148026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020163936/http://www.economist.com/node/148026 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and awarded the 'Bhoomi Putra',<ref>{{Cite news |author=Singh, Kuldip |date=2 May 1997 |title=Obituary: Biju Patnaik |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215081542/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |archive-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> the highest Indonesian award, rarely granted to a foreigner. In 1995, when Indonesia was celebrating its 50th Independence Day, Biju Patnaik was awarded the highest national award, the ''[[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia|Bintang Jasa Utama]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Ansari, Javed M. |title=The Hero in Winter |date=15 September 1995 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indonesian-govt-bestows-biju-patnaik-with-country-highest-honour-bintang-jasa-utama/1/289380.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226131452/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indonesian-govt-bestows-biju-patnaik-with-country-highest-honour-bintang-jasa-utama/1/289380.html |archive-date=26 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2015, Sukarno's daughter [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] recounted how it was Patnaik who suggested she be named Meghavati or "daughter of clouds". She, whose full name is Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri, later became Indonesia's first female president, serving [[List of Presidents of Indonesia|from 2001 to 2004]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Megawati Sukarnoputri meets Sushma Swaraj, recalls story behind her name |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/megawati-sukarnoputri-meets-sushma-swaraj-recalls-story-behind-her-name/articleshow/47030381.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=23 April 2015 |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kuldip |first1=Singh |title=Obituary: Biju Patnaik |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |work=The Independent |date=May 1997 |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

In 2021, the Indonesian Embassy in New Delhi designated a room in the name of Patnaik. On the walls of the Patnaik room are photographs, newspaper clippings and letters that document Mr. Patnaik's secret assignments to fly out Indonesian leaders, as well as his relations with the Indonesian leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Suhasini|date=2021-01-23|title=A room for an Indian hero at the Indonesian embassy|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/a-room-for-an-indian-hero-at-the-indonesian-embassy/article33644733.ece|access-date=2021-01-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Landing with DC-3==
Patnaik flew many sorties on his Dakota [[Douglas DC-3|DC-3]] from Delhi [[Safdarjung Airport]] on 27 October 1947, after the first Dakota DC-3 (Reg. No: VP 905) flown by Wg. Cdr. KL Bhatia landed in [[Srinagar Airport]] early morning. He brought 17 soldiers of 1-Sikh regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai. He flew low on the airstrip twice to ensure that no raiders were around. Instructions from Prime Minister Nehru's office were clear: If the airport was taken over by the enemy, he was not to land. Taking a full circle the [[DC-3]] flew ground level. Anxious eyeballs peered from inside the aircraft – only to find the airstrip empty. Nary a soul was in sight. The raiders were busy distributing the spoils of war amongst them in Baramulla.

==Politics in independent India==

Patnaik's political ideals were centered in [[socialism]] and [[federalism]]. His strong advocacy for equal resources to all Indian states who needed such, made him a champion of his Odia constituents.

In 1946 Patnaik was elected uncontested to the [[Odisha]] Legislative Assembly from North [[Cuttack]] constituency. In 1952 and 1957 he won from [[Jagannathprasad]] and [[Surada]], respectively. In 1960 he assumed the presidency of the state Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress Party won 82 of 140 seats and Patnaik (representing Chowdwar constituency) became the chief minister of Odisha on 23 June 1961 and remained in the position until 2 October 1963 when he resigned from the post under the [[Kamaraj Plan]] to revitalise the Congress party. He was the Chief Minister of Odisha at the age of 45.

Patnaik was close to Indira Gandhi who took over the Congress Party in 1967. However, they clashed in 1969 over the presidential election. He left the Congress and formed a regional party—the [[Utkal Congress]]. In the 1971 assembly poll, his party did reasonably well. Patnaik then re-established contact with his old friend [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] and plunged into the JP movement as it picked up momentum in 1974. When the Emergency was declared in 1975, Biju Patnaik was one of the first to be arrested along with other opposition leaders.

He was released in 1977. Later, in the same year, he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] for the first time from [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]] and became Union minister for steel and mines in both the [[Morarji Desai]] and the [[Charan Singh]] governments until 1979. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha again in 1980 and 1984 from [[Kendrapara]] as [[Janata Party]] candidate despite the Congress wave in 1984 following [[Indira Gandhi]]'s death. With the Congress defeat in 1989, he bounced back into the political limelight. However, after playing a key behind-the-scenes role in manoeuvring [[V. P. Singh]] to the Prime Minister's post, he again chose to go back to [[Odisha]], and prepared for the assembly election. In 1990 state assembly election, the [[Janata Dal]] received a thumping majority (two-thirds of the assembly seats) which saw Biju Patnaik being the [[Chief Minister]] of [[Odisha]] for the second time until 1995.

Patnaik was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996 from Cuttack and [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]] constituencies as a Janata Dal candidate. He retained the latter until his death on 17 April 1997 of cardio-respiratory failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biju Patnaik dead |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/17biju.htm |access-date=29 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=18 April 1997}}</ref>

In 1992, Patnaik left this quote for the people of Odisha;

"In my dream of the 21st century for the State, I would have young men and women who put the interest of the State before them. They will have pride in themselves, confidence in themselves. They will not be at anybody's mercy, except their own selves. By their brains, intelligence and capacity, they will recapture the history of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]."<ref>{{cite web |title='Biju Babu was a man of the masses and a visionary' |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/5865-biju-babu-was-man-masses-and-visionary |website=Sunday Guardian Live |date=30 July 2016 |publisher=The Sunday Guardian |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

===Achievements as a public representative===

Patnaik set up Kalinga tubes, [[Kalinga Airlines]], Kalinga Iron work, Kalinga Refractories and the Kalinga, a daily Odia newspaper. In 1951 he established the international [[Kalinga Prize]] for popularisation of Science and Technology among the people and entrusted the responsibility to the [[UNESCO]]. The projects which he was known to have spearheaded includes the [[Port of Paradip]], Odisha Aviation Centre, [[Bhubaneswar Airport]], the Cuttack-Jagatpur Mahanadi highway bridge, [[Regional Engineering College, Rourkela]], [[Sainik School Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology]]-[[Bhubaneswar]], [[National Aluminium Company|NALCO]] (National Aluminum Company), [[Talcher Thermal Power Station]], [[Balimela Reservoir|Balimela Hydel Project]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics|HAL]]-[[Sunabeda]] and the [[Choudwar]] & [[Barbil]] industrial belts.

He also established the [[Kalinga Cup]] in [[association football|football]].

=== Family ===

Patnaik was married to Gyan Patnaik, who belonged to [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], due to which he is known as a son-in-law of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] as well. Patnaik's wife too was a pilot. She was the first Indian woman to get a commercial pilot's license. In the 1940s, Gyan Patnaik accompanied Biju in the freedom struggle movement and evacuation of British families from Rangoon when the Japanese laid siege on the region.

Patnaik's younger son, [[Naveen Patnaik]], was Chief Minister of Odisha until June 2024. His daughter, [[Gita Mehta]], was an [[author]]. His elder son Prem Patnaik is a [[Delhi|Delhi-based]] [[Business magnate|industrialist]].

== Commemoration ==

The Government of Odisha has named several institutions after the name of Biju Patanaik. They include the [[Biju Patnaik Airport]] at [[Bhubaneswar]], the [[Biju Patnaik University of Technology]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150116222840/http://www.nalcokhabar.com/tag/independence-day-nalco-stadium/ Biju Patnaik Stadium] at Nalco Nagar, [[Angul]] etc. Also his son [[Naveen Patnaik]] made his birthday 5 March as the Panchayat Raj Divas, a holiday in Odisha in his memory. The Biju Patnaik 5 Rupee commemorative coin was released in 2016. The glimpse of Biju Patnaik's stature can be understood by the fact that when he died, his coffin was wrapped in the national flags of India, Russia, and Indonesia. <ref>{{cite web |title='Biju Babu': Only Indian Whose Mortal Remains Were Wrapped In The Flags Of Three Countries |url=https://odishabytes.com/watch-biju-babu-only-indian-whose-mortal-remains-were-wrapped-in-the-flags-of-three-countries/ |website=Odisha Bytes |date=17 April 2022 |publisher=Odisha Bytes Bureau |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Biju Patnaik Memorial.JPG|thumb|Biju Patnaik Memorial]]

A commemorative Postage stamp was released by [[India Post]] to mark his 102nd birth anniversary.<ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha CM Releases Postage Stamp On Biju Patnaik |url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/odisha-cm-releases-postage-stamp-on-biju-patnaik |access-date=14 March 2024 |agency=OMMCOM NEWS |date=5 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Postage Stamp On Biju Patnaik Unveiled |url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/odisha/postage-stamp-biju-patnaik-unveiled/ |access-date=14 March 2024 |agency=ONI Bureau |publisher=odishanewsinsight.com |date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha: Postage Stamp On Biju Patnaik Released |url=https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-postage-stamp-on-biju-patnaik-released/ |access-date=14 March 2024 |agency=sambadenglish.com |date=5 March 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Patnaik was an avid [[Contract bridge|Bridge]] player.<ref>
{{cite web |last1=Kuldip |first1=Singh |title=Obituary: Biju Patnaik |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |work=The Independent |date=May 1997 |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>

==Legislative history==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
!House
!Constituency<ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
!Start
!End<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok11/biodata/11or01d.htm|title=Shri Biju Patnaik, J.D. – Aska (Odisha)}}</ref>
!Party
!Notes
|-
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
|1996
|17 April 1997*
|[[Janata Dal]]
|*Expired
|-
|10th [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]]
|Bhubaneswar
|1990
|1995
|Janata Dal
|
|-
|9th Vidhan Sabha
|Bhubaneswar
|1985
|1990
|Janata
|
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|1984
|25 March 1985*
|
|*Resigned
|-
|[[7th Lok Sabha]]
|Kendrapara
|1980
|
|
|
|-
|8th Vidhan Sabha
|Patkura
|1980
|11 June 1980*
|Janata (S)
|*Resigned{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
|-
|[[6th Lok Sabha]]
|Kendrapara
|1977
|
|
|
|-
|6th Vidhan Sabha
|Rajnagar
|1974
|1977
|[[Utkal Congress]]
|
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha]]
|[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]]
|13 May 1971
|6 October 1971
|Janata Dal
|
|-
|3rd Vidhan Sabha
|Choudwar
|1961
|1967
|[[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|
|-
|2nd Vidhan Sabha
|[[Surada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Surada]]
|1957
|1961
|Congress
|
|-
|1st Vidhan Sabha
|[[Jagannathprasad]]
|1951
|1957
|Congress
|
|1946-1951
|}

==See also==
* [[List of chief ministers of Odisha]]
* [[Biju Sena]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Biju Patnaik}}
* [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05E4DD173EF932A15757C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink New York Times article on Biju Patnaik]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/febmar2005/englishpdf/bptvoapatriot.pdf Biju Patnaik: The Vision of a Patriot]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/febmar2005/englishpdf/bpatribute.pdf Tribute to Patnaik]

{{s-start}}
{{Succession box
|before=[[Harekrushna Mahatab]](1st term) [[Hemananda Biswal]](2nd term)
|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
|years=28 June 1961 to 2 October 1963 (1st term) 5 March 1990 to 15 March 1995 (2nd term)
|after= [[Biren Mitra]](1st term) [[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]](2nd term)
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Biju}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:Utkal Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1946–1952]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:Indian aviators]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Ganjam district]]
[[Category:People from Kendrapara district]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Odisha]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Janata Dal]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]
[[Category:Janata Party (Secular) politicians]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1961–1967]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 1957–1961]]
[[Category:Lok Dal politicians]]

Karanam

2025-03-18T16:33:14Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Traditional office and title of village accountants}}
'''Karanam''' ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]: కరణం) or '''Karnam''' was an office and title native to the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]. Traditionally, Karanam was an official who maintained the accounts and records of the villages and collected the taxes.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PiULAQAAIAAJ&q=karanam |title=Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |pages=185, 186 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Charles Philip |author-link=Charles Philip Brown |date=1903 |title=A Telugu-English Dictionary |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/brown_query.py?qs=%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81&searchhws=yes |access-date=9 April 2023 |website= |via=[[Digital South Asia Library]] |edition=2nd}}</ref> Karanam was one of the two village-level administrative posts that existed in Andhra along with 'Munasabu' (Munsiff). The Karanam kept an elaborate system of village accounts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2019 |title=Karanam, Munisif system to return: CM YS Jagan Mohon Reddy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/karanam-munisif-system-to-return-cm-ys-jagan-mohon-reddy-585892 |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref>

The post was usually held by [[Niyogi Brahmin|Niyogi Brahmins]],<ref name="Chatterjee2011"> {{cite book |author=Partha Chatterjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LH69yzkGZWQC&pg=PA56 |title=Lineages of Political Society: Studies in Postcolonial Democracy |date=29 November 2011 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-52791-0 |pages=56– |quote=Rao and Subrahmanyam also stress that this specific genre of niti texts was composed and read by the group of scholar-bureaucrats whom they refer to broadly as karanam. These were usually Niyogi Brahmins or Kayasthas who worked as ministers or advisers to minor princes or feudatories in Andhra, Karnataka, and Orissa.}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> and also sometimes by [[Golconda Vyapari Brahmin|Golkonda Vyapari Brahmins]], [[Deshastha Brahmin]]s, and [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sachchidananda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKhxpLqX9bsC&pg=PA34 |title=Social Change in Village India |date=1988 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-206-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Document Raj: Scribes and Writing Under Early Colonial Rule Madras, 1771-1860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjkeAQAAMAAJ|author=Bhavani Raman|page=85|publisher=University of Michigan|year=2007}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Alpana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtxlCgAAQBAJ&dq=karanam+andhra&pg=PT34 |title=Medieval Andhra: A Socio-Historical Perspective |date=2015 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-5017-8 |language=en}}</ref> In the [[Godavari District|Godavari]] districts, [[Kapu (caste)|Kapus]] also held the Karanam post sometimes.<ref>Satish Kumar, Ch. (2014), ''Caste Mobilisation Processes and Political Power: A Study of Kapus in Andhra Pradesh'', University of Hyderabad. pp. 10, 14, Chapter 5.</ref> The title ''Karanam'' is similar to [[Kulkarni]] in [[North Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]] and ''Shanbhaug'' in [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":9">{{cite book|title=The Village Cart: Translation of T.N. Atre's Gaav Gada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNnuAAAAIAAJ|page=49|author=Trimbaka Nārāyaṇa Ātre|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2000|isbn = 9788171548637|quote=The last word has probably come to the North from South India since, in Kannada (language), a peasant is called kul and kulkarni is called karnam.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Community Development and Panchayati Raj Digest, Volumes 3-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VO4eAQAAMAAJ|page=334|publisher=National Institute of Community Development|year=1971|quote=Patwari / Karanam shall be the additional secretary to the gram panchayat for keeping the record concerning lands}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|author1=Ruedi Baumgartner|author2=Ruedi Hogger|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|date=10 August 2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT530|page=530|isbn=9789352802661|quote=The term Reddy, though it has a connotation of caste to it, also meant the headman. The Kannada equivalent is Patel or Gauda. Likewise the traditional village accountant, referred to in Telugu as Karnam or as Shanubhog in Kannada, was responsible for all record keeping.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book|title=Marathas and the Marathas Country: Medieval Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxJWAAAAYAAJ|page=28|author=A. Rā Kulakarṇī|publisher=Books & Books|year=1996|isbn = 9788185016481|quote=On the basis of English records, he gives an elaborate account of the village officials like Karnam (village accountant), the role of the Deshastha brahmans etc . which can be compared with similar officials and castes in Maratha country.}}</ref> In 1985, then [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], [[N. T. Rama Rao]], abolished the hereditary office of Karanam and instead replaced it with the Village Revenue Officer (VRO).<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Jaffrelot |first1=Christophe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDN0MinxMigC&dq=karanam+abolished+ntr&pg=PA294 |title=Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies |last2=Kumar |first2=Sanjay |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-51661-0 |pages=294 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ashutosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iTIlDwAAQBAJ&dq=karanam+abolished+ntr&pg=PA371 |title=Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions Within Regions |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-315-39145-8 |pages=341, 371 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=MROs' power to reduce under new Revenue Act |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2019/aug/17/mros-power-to-reduce-under-new-revenue-act-2020038.html |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=The New Indian Express |quote=During the then Chief Minister NT Rama Rao’s regime, the nomenclature of ‘Karanam’ was changed to ‘VRO’.}}</ref>

== History ==
The origin of village officers like Karanam is traceable to the evolution of [[Zamindar|Zamindari]] system.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Eashvaraiah |first=P. |date=1985 |title=Abolition of Village Officers: Revolutionary on the Surface |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4374153 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=20 |issue=10 |pages=393–395 |jstor=4374153 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> Zamindars and [[Jagir|Jagirdars]] appointed the village officials who were traditionally known as 'Karanam' and 'Munasubu' (Munsif) in Andhra region. The Munsiff maintained law and order while Karanams maintained land records and collected taxes.<ref name=":7" /> Karanams were skilled in writing administrative documents, accounting and file-keeping.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Stuart H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&dq=karanam&pg=PA163 |title=India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century |last2=Dalmia |first2=Vasudha |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-056-5 |pages=149, 150 |language=en}}</ref> Many Karanams were reported to be [[Multilingualism|polyglots]]. They possessed knowledge of land use, dispute settlement, and local history. The more successful Karanams became 'Mantris' (ministers).<ref name=":8" /> In late medieval era, Niyogi Brahmins dominated as Karanams in Andhra, while in Telangana areas of Golkonda kingdom, Vyapari Brahmins were Karanams.<ref name=":3" />

In 1985, then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, [[N. T. Rama Rao]] (NTR), abolished the hereditary offices of Karanam, Munasubu and instead replaced them with the Village Revenue Officer (VRO).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> The move was initiated in pursuance of the recommendations of the Unnitan Committee of 1964 and Narsimha Rao Committee.<ref name=":7" /> It was noted that NTR’s decision to abolish the Karanam system in revenue administration was one of the reasons for the [[Other Backward Class|OBC]] communities to rally behind his party, [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gali Nagaraja |date=2 November 2022 |title=2024 AP polls: Jagan woos OBCs to counter TDP's Kamma-Kapu caste coalition |url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/andhra-pradesh/2024-ap-polls-jagan-woos-obcs-to-counter-tdps-kamma-kapu-caste-coalition/ |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=The Federal |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Similar posts ==
The title ''Karanam'' is similar to [[Kulkarni]] in [[North Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]] and ''Shanbhaug'' in [[Karnataka]].<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Samprati or Sthala Karanam, who was a counterpart of Karanam at higher level, was usually held by Deshastha Brahmins.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQpDAAAAYAAJ |title=Itihas Volume 5 |publisher=Director of State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh |year=1977 |page=65}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Eric Frykenberg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IUs1AQAAIAAJ |title=Guntur District, 1788-1848:A History of Local Influence and Central Authority in South India |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1965 |page=15}}</ref> The post of Sthala Karanam, who was the district revenue official was sometimes replaced by [[Deshpande]]. Deshpande post was usually held by Deshasthas and also sometimes by [[Velama]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ravula Soma Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_LZAAAAMAAJ |title=Studies in the Socio-economic History of Medieval Andhra Desa |publisher=Research India Press |year=2007 |page=180}}</ref>

== Karanam Telugu ==
Karanam Telugu was a [[Variety (linguistics)|variety]] of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language patronized by Karanam writers.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhushan |first1=Nalini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCYlDwAAQBAJ&dq=karanam+telugu+pandit&pg=PT33 |title=Minds Without Fear: Philosophy in the Indian Renaissance |last2=Garfield |first2=Jay L. |date=2017-05-26 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-067299-7 |language=en}}</ref> There was also the [[Pandit|Pandit's]] language which was the language variant used by scholars (Pandits) in literary texts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raman |first=Bhavani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjkeAQAAMAAJ&q=karanam+telugu+pandit |title=Document Raj: Scribes and Writing Under Early Colonial Rule Madras, 1771-1860 |date=2007 |publisher=University of Michigan. |pages=118 |language=en}}</ref> Both varieties enjoyed similar social status.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raveendran |first=P. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcCpEAAAQBAJ&dq=karanam+telugu+pandit&pg=PT68 |title=Under the Bhasha Gaze: Modernity and Indian Literature |date=2023 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-269944-2 |language=en}}</ref> The language of the Karanams was more suitable for day-to-day affairs. The balance between the two variants was changed when western missionaries started using Pandit's language for printing purposes. Also, instrumental were [[Paravastu Chinnayasuri|Paravastu Chinnaya Suri]]'s disciples who monopolised Telugu instructor posts and editor roles at major publishing houses. They preferred Chinnaya Suri's Pandit style, and Karanam Telugu used for writing prose was rejected by them as non-standard.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Stuart H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&dq=karanam&pg=PA163 |title=India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century |last2=Dalmia |first2=Vasudha |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-056-5 |pages=153–155 |language=en}}</ref> In opposition to this, [[Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy|Gidugu Ramamurthi]] fought for a language closer to Karanam Telugu (which he called ''vyavaharika'').<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Stuart H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&dq=karanam&pg=PA163 |title=India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century |last2=Dalmia |first2=Vasudha |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-056-5 |pages=161, 162 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Indian feudalism]]
[[Category:Indian words and phrases]]

Routray

2025-03-18T16:30:00Z

The coderXE: Reverting Pov Pushing

Chowdhury

2025-03-18T16:26:53Z

The coderXE: Better

{{Short description|Surname in the Indian subcontinent}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox surname
|name = Chowdhury
|pronunciation = {{Plainlist|
* ''chow-dhuree''
* ''chaw-dree''
* ''chow-dree''
}}
|imagesize =
|caption =
|meaning = "Holder of four"; "four-way duties"; "four responsibilities"
|region = Indian subcontinent
|origin =
|variant = [[Chaudhary]], Chaudri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhry, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri, Chowduri, Chaudhurani, Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.
|footnotes =
}}

'''Chowdhury''' (also: Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhury, Chaudhri, Chaudhary) is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="Hanks"/> It is an adaption from [[Sanskrit]]. During the [[Mughal rule]], it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during [[British rule]], the term was associated with [[zamindar]]s and social leaders. The common female equivalent was Chowdhurani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karim |first=Elita |date=August 1, 2008 |title=A Dedicated Educationist |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/01/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202130631/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/08/01/history.htm |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead |department=History |work=Star Weekend Magazine |volume=7 |issue=31 |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref>

==Meaning==
"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the [[Sanskrit]] words ''čatus'' "four-way, all-round" and ''dhurīya'' "undertaking a burden", denoting the head of a community or caste.<ref name="Hanks" >{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Hanks |first1=Patrick |title=Chowdhury |date=17 November 2016|encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001/acref-9780199677764-e-07692 |access-date= |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-967776-4 |oclc= |last2=Coates |first2=Richard |last3=McClure |first3=Peter |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Significance==
It was a title awarded to persons of eminence, including both Muslims and Hindus, during the [[Mughal Empire]]. It was also used as a title by military commanders responsible for four separate forces, including the cavalry, navy, infantry and elephant corps.<ref name="Hanks"/> These people belonged to the [[zamindar]] families in [[British India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfeBAAAAMAAJ&q=chowdhury+title+brahmin|page=204|publisher=Anthropology Survey of India|year=2002}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=January 2022}}

Later, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the [[Nawab]]s conferred the same title in great numbers. Chaudharies were local magnates responsible for land taxes alongside an ''amil'' (revenue collector) and a ''karkun'' (accountant) in the local-level administrative units known as [[parganas]] .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administrative System - Sultani Period.|url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_History_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson12.pdf|access-date=2020-12-10|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414110607/https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SrSec315NEW/315_History_Eng/315_History_Eng_Lesson12.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Calicut, Kerala.|url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/BA_his_medieval_india_society.pdf|access-date=2020-12-10|archive-date=2019-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101045006/http://www.universityofcalicut.info/SDE/BA_his_medieval_india_society.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha State Open University - M.A. (History).|url=http://egyanagar.osou.ac.in/slmfiles/MHI-04-BLOCK-06.pdf}}</ref>

In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.

In [[Odisha]] "Choudhury" title given to [[Zamindar|Zamindars]] most of them belongs to [[Karan (caste)|Karanas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> and [[Utkala Brahmin]] community.

Chaudhary is also a common last name among the [[Tharu people|Tharu]] community of Nepal.

===Regional ===

In the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], the titular ''[[Raja]]s'' of the [[Bohmong Circle]] and [[Mong Circle]] have the surname Chowdhury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ext.bd.undp.org/insidestory/Lists/InsideStoryEventsMaster/DispForm.aspx?ID=110|title=InsideStoryEventsMaster - Raj Punyah Ceremony Held Both in Bandarban...|website=ext.bd.undp.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-71831|title=Saching Prue new Mong King|date=18 January 2009|website=The Daily Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Feature: 'Kingdom' system in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts still in force |url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/6553229.html |access-date=4 March 2022 |work=people.cn |date=15 December 2008 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628220349/http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/6553229.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unpo.org/article/14112|title=UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts: Stalemate For Land Commission|website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009 }}</ref>

The [[Bengali Muslim]] Mirashdars{{NoteTag|''Mirashdar'' is a term referring to a landowner who pays taxes directly to the government.<ref>{{cite book|last=Laskar|first=Nitish Ranjan|title=Mahishya Das of Cachar and their Social Background|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NjRuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mirashdar,+he+being+a+land+holder+in+his+own+right+and+paying+revenue+direct+to+the+Govt%22|series=Proceedings of North East India History Association|year=1985|publisher=North East India History Association|page=456}}</ref>}} living in the former [[Kachari Kingdom]] were given titles by the Kachari Raja, which in modern-day acts as a surname for them.<ref name=heads>{{cite book|title=Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division|chapter=Cachar District: Statement No. XVIII: Glossary of Local Terms |pages=406–408|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/principalheadsh00unkngoog/page/n419|year=1868|location=[[Calcutta]]|author=E M Lewis|publisher=Calcutta Central Press Company}}</ref>

In Bihar, the [[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]] are also known as the ''Chaudhary'', a community traditionally connected with [[toddy tapping]].<ref name="S Gopal pages 759">People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 759 to 765 Seagull Books</ref>

In [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], Chaudhary surname is widely used by [[Jats|Jat]] community while some other communities using it are [[Rajput|Rajputs]], [[Gurjar|Gurjars]], [[Ahir|Ahirs]], [[Dalit|Dalits]], etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Sir Henry Miers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2kIAAAAQAAJ&q=chaudhary+title |title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period |date=1867 |publisher=Trübner and Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sheoran |first=C. B. Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IiCeDwAAQBAJ&dq=rajput+chaudhary&pg=PR41 |title=Gallant Haryana: The First and Crucial Battlefield of AD 1857 |date=2019-06-17 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-43913-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GulBDMgxcU0C&dq=chaudhary+rajput&pg=PA148 |title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Emancipation and empowerment |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-269-5 |language=en}}</ref> This surname is popular in North India and it conveys honour and strength.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surname Choudhary: Meaning Origin Variants |url=https://www.igenea.com/en/surnames/c/choudhary |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=www.igenea.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhindar |first=Imran |title=FROM SIALKOT TO VANCOUVER |publisher=Lulu Chaudhary |year=2018 |isbn=9781642547917 |pages=28 |language=En-US}}</ref> It is typically used as a prefix before the given name, often represented by the prefix 'Ch' such as [[Charan Singh|Ch. Charan Singh]], 5th prime minister of India and [[Devi Lal|Ch. Devi Lal]], 6th deputy prime minister of India.

[[Deshastha Brahmin]]s and [[Kamma (caste)|Kammas]] from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana who got this as a title during [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahis of Golconda]] and [[Nizams of Hyderabad]] also use Chowdhari or Chowdhury as their surnames.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gaikwad |first1=V. R. |last2=Tripathy |first2=Ram Niranjan |title=Socio-psychological Factors Influencing Industrial Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Tanuku Region of West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh |date=1970 |publisher=National Institute of Community Development |pages=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sb4tAAAAMAAJ&q=Socio-psychological%20Factors%20Influencing%20Industrial%20Entrepreneurship%20in%20Rural%20Areas%20A%20Case%20Study%20in%20Tanuku%20Region%20of%20West%20Godavari,%20Andhra%20Pradesh |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5gzTp13AXQC&pg=PA112|title=State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology|author=Coenraad M. Brand|year=1973|page=112|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520024908 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Revealing the missing links|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2016-07-24/Revealing-the-missing-links/244188|publisher=Hans India|date=24 July 2016}}</ref>

==Alternate spellings==
Its alternate spellings include:Choudry, Chaudhary, Chaudri, [[Chaudhri (surname)|Chaudhri]], Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri and Chowdury.<ref name="Hanks"/> The female equivalent is Chaudhurani and alternate spellings include: Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

==Chowdhury by country==
===Bangladesh===
[[File:Faizunnesa.jpg|thumb|[[Faizunnesa Choudhurani]]]]
[[File:Saheb Qiblah.gif|thumb|[[Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali]]]]
[[File:Abdul Hamid Chowdhury.jpg|thumb|[[Abdul Hamid Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury.jpg|thumb|Dr. [[Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury.JPG|thumb|[[Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:HabibullahBaharChowdhury.jpg|thumb|[[Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury]]]]
[[File:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury at the office of the Vice-Chancellor of Dacca University, November 1970.png|thumb|[[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]]]

[[File:মাওলানা মুহাম্মদ হুছামুদ্দীন চৌধুরী ফুলতলী.jpg|thumb|[[Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali]]]]
* Justice [[A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury]], 9th President of Bangladesh
* [[AHA Gafur Chowdhury|A. H. Abdul Gafur Chowdhury]], politician
* [[AKM Rafiq Ullah Choudhury|A. K. M. Rafiq Ullah Choudhury]] (1923–2011), former chairman of Sandwip Upazila
* [[A. N. M Momtaz Uddin Choudhury|A. N. Muhammad Momtaz Uddin Choudhury]] (1923–2005), first vice-chancellor of [[Islamic University, Bangladesh]]
* [[ATM Nurul Bashar Chowdhury|A. T. Muhammad Nurul Bashar Chowdhury]], former chairman of Kutubdia Upazila Council
* [[Abeda Chowdhury]] (born 1942), politician
* [[Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury]] (1924–1986), president of Sunamganj Awami League
* [[Abdul Halim Chowdhury]] (1928–1987), former minister of Agriculture and Food
* [[Abdul Hye Choudhury]], politician
* [[Abdul Kahir Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Abdul Mannan Choudhury]] (born 1948), vice-chancellor of [[World University of Bangladesh]]
* [[Abdul Mannan Chowdhury (politician)|Abdul Mannan Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abdul Matin Chaudhary]] (1895–1948), minister and politician
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury]] (1921–1981), academic and physicist
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury (politician)|Abdul Matin Chowdhury]] (1944–2012), politician
* [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury (scholar)|Abdul Matin Chowdhury Shaikh-e-Fulbari]] (1915–1990), religious scholar and political activist
* [[Abdul Momin Chowdhury]] (1947–2024), historian and academic administrator, president of the [[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] (2000–2003)
* [[Abdul Munim Chowdhury]] (born 1967), former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Habiganj-1]]
* [[Abdur Rab Chowdhury]] (1934–2018), secretary for the Ministry of Agriculture
* [[Abdur Rouf Choudhury]] (1929–1996), writer
* [[Abdur Rouf Chowdhury]] (1935–2014), politician
* [[Abdus Salam Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Abdus Sattar Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abidur Reza Chowdhury]] (1872–1961), educationist and politician
* [[Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury|Abu Lais Muhammad Mubin Chowdhury]] (1973–2013), former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Habiganj-3]]
* [[Abu Naser Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abu Osman Chowdhury]] (1936–2020), Sector Commander of the [[Mukti Bahini]]
* [[AFM Alim Chowdhury|Abul Fayez Muhammad Abdul Alim Chowdhury]] (1928–1971), martyred ophthalmologist
* [[Abul Hasnat Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury]] (born 1946), 23rd vice-chancellor of the [[University of Dhaka]] and 11th chairman of the [[University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)|University Grants Commission]]
* [[Ahsanul Hoque Chowdhury|Abul Kalam Muhammad Ahsanul Hoque Chowdhury]] (born 1968), member of parliament
* [[Abul Khair Chowdhury]], former State Minister of Youth and Sports
* [[Akram Hossain Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Alauddin Ahmed Chowdhury]] (born 1961), MP for [[Feni-1]]
* [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1942), former Air Force chief
* [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury (Faridpur politician)|Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Altafur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1926–2018), member of Awami League
* [[Aminul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1921), founding chairman of [[Chittagong Chamber of Commerce & Industry]]
* [[Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury]] (born 1949), former Minister of Commerce
* [[Amirul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1942), 7th vice-chancellor of [[Jahangirnagar University]] and former president of [[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]
* [[Anisul Haque Chowdhury (Rangpur politician)|Anisul Haque Chowdhury]] (1926–2011), politician
* [[Anisul Haque Chowdhury (Dinajpur politician)|Anisul Haque Chowdhury Rizu]], politician
* [[Anwar Hossain Chowdhury]], retired brigadier general
* [[Anwarul Kabir Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Anwarul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1943), former UN Under Secretary General
* [[Ariful Haque Choudhury]] (born 1959), former mayor of [[Sylhet]]
* [[Ayesha Bedora Choudhury]] (1935–1971), doctor
* [[Azizul Haque Choudhury]], politician
* [[Azizur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1946-2011), Islamic scholar and politician
* [[Chanchal Chowdhury]] (born 1971), actor
* [[Chowdhury Abdul Hai]], advocate and politician
* [[Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun]] (born 1964), 29th [[Inspector General of Bangladesh Police]]
* [[Chowdhury Abu Torab Khan]] (died 1767), nobleman
* [[Chowdhury Gulam Akbar]], writer and collector of [[Bengali folk literature]] for the [[Bangla Academy]]
* [[Chowdhury Harunur Rashid]] (died 2000), founding president of Bangladesh Trade Union Centre
* [[Chowdhury Khurshid Alam]], politician
* [[Chowdhury Motahar Hossain]], politician
* [[Dewan Shahjahan Eaar Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Didarul Alam Chowdhury]], first chairman of Ramu Upazila Council
* [[Ebadur Rahman Chowdhury]], former State Minister of Food
* [[Ekramul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1962), secretary-general of Noakhali Awami League
* [[Enam Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1937–2025), civil servant
* [[Enamul Haque Chowdhury]] (1948–2011), politician
* [[Erfan Reza Choudhury]], former MNA
* [[Farid Uddin Chowdhury]] (born 1947), teacher, politician and businessman
* [[Gias Uddin Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Golam Ali Chowdhury]], Zamindar of Haturia and philanthropist
* [[Golam Jilani Chowdhury]], former chairman of Sunamganj District Council
* [[A.K. Golam Jilani|A.K. Golam Jilani Chowdhury]] (1904–1932), independence revolutionary
* [[Golam Mabud|Golam Mabud Chowdhury]] (born 1984), Sylhet Division cricketer
* [[Golam Mohiuddin Chowdhury]], retired major general
* [[Golam Wahed Choudhury]] (1926–1997), Bangladeshi diplomat and political scientist
* [[Gulzar Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1937–2019), politician
* [[Hamidul Huq Choudhury]] (1901–1992), former Minister of Foreign Affairs
* [[Harris Chowdhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Sylhet-5]]
* [[Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury]], 11th [[Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army]]
* [[Hasina Bari Chowdhury]] (born 1964), former MP
* [[Humayun Kabir Chowdhury]], former chairman of Patnitala Upazila Council
* [[Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury]], diplomat and former [[Foreign Minister of Bangladesh|Foreign Affairs Adviser]]
* [[Iqbal Hossain Chowdhury]] (1944–2001), former Minister of Food
* [[Iqbal Sobhan Chowdhury]] (born 1949), editor of [[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]] and media adviser to the Prime Minister
* [[Ismat Ahmed Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Izharul Islam Chowdhury]], Bangladeshi Islamic scholar
* [[Jafrul Islam Chowdhury]] (1950–2022), former State Minister of Environment and Forest
* [[Jahangir Alam Chowdhury]] (born 1953), 7th Principal Staff Officer of Armed Forces
* [[Jahed Ali Chowdhury]] (1947–2011), former president of [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan SC]]
* [[Jamilur Reza Choudhury]], president of [[Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad]], vice-chancellor of [[University of Asia Pacific]], adviser to [[Caretaker Government of Bangladesh]]
* [[Kamran Hossain Chowdhury]] (1952–2024), politician
* [[Kamrun Nahar Chowdhury]], parliamentarian
* [[Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury (Bangladeshi politician)|Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 2013), politician
* [[Khan Fazle Rub Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Khosru Chowdhury]] (born 1973), politician
* [[Lutfar Rahman Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[MK Alam Chowdhury|M. K. Alam Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Mafiz Ali Chowdhury]] (1919–1994), former Minister of Natural Wealth, Science and Technology Research and Atomic Energy
* [[Mahbub Kabir Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Mahmudul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1950), former mayor of Chittagong
* [[Mahmudul Karim Chowdhury]] (1938–2005), president of Bangladesh Fisherman's Society
* [[Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]] for [[Sylhet-3]]
* [[Majibul Haque Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Majibur Rahman Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Masud Uddin Chowdhury]] (born 1954), 8th Principal Staff Officer of Armed Forces
* [[Matia Chowdhury]] (born 1942), former Minister of Agriculture
* [[Matiar Rahman Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Shiba Shanu|Mazhar Ali Chowdhury]] (born 1970), actor
* [[Mazharul Haq Shah Chowdhury]], former vice-chairman of [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
* [[Mehazabien Chowdhury]], actress
* [[Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi]], former High Court justice
* [[Md. Miftah Uddin Choudhury|Miftah Uddin Choudhury]] (born 1955), former High Court judge
* [[Mina Zaman Chowdhury]] Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and the former Member of Bangladesh Parliament
* [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1928–2006), fifth Prime Minister of Bangladesh
* [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury (Jamaat-e-Islami politician)|Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 2013), leader of [[Mujib Bahini]] Jaldhaka branch
* [[Moazzem Ahmed Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Mofazzal Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1948), former Minister of Shipping
* [[Mohammad Abdul Jalil|Mohammad Abdul Jalil Choudhury]] (1942–1989), co-founder of [[Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal]]
* [[Mokhlechhar Rahman Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Monirul Haq Chowdhury]] (born 1946), advisor to BNP Chairman
* [[Monowar Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1948), former chief engineer of [[LGED]]
* [[Mostaq Ahmad Chowdhury]], former administrator and chairman of Cox's Bazar District Council
* [[Motaherul Islam Chowdhury]], politician and freedom fighter
* [[Muhammad Yunus (scholar)|Muhammad Yunus Chowdhury]] (1906—1992), Islamic scholar and founding president of [[Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh|Befaqul Madarisil Arabia]]
* [[Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury]] (born 1965), journalist and former advisor to the President
* [[Mustafizur Rahaman Chowdhury]] (born 1957), politician
* [[Muzaffar Rahman Chowdhury]], former MNA
* [[Naiyyum Choudhury]], biotechnologist and nuclear scientist
* [[Najma Chowdhury]], founder of the Women and Gender Studies department in the [[University of Dhaka]], adviser to [[Caretaker Government of Bangladesh]]
* [[Nasimul Alam Chowdhury]] (born 1967), former parliamentarian
* [[Nasir Uddin Chowdhury (politician)|Nasir Uddin Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Nasiruddin Chowdhury]] (born 1979), footballer
* [[Navila Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Nazim Kamran Choudhury]], former [[Member of parliament#Bangladesh|MP]]
* [[Nazir Hossain Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Nazrul Islam Chowdhury]] (born 1952), parliamentarian
* [[Nazrul Islam Chowdhury (judge)|Nazrul Islam Chowdhury]], a judge of the High Court Division
* [[Nilufar Chowdhury Moni]] (born 1969), Secretary of BNP Central Committee
* [[Nitai Roy Chowdhury]] (born 1949), former State Minister of Education
* [[Noor-E-Hasna Lily Chowdhury]], politician
* [[NK Alam Chowdhury|Nur Qutb Alam Chowdhury]], lawyer and politician
* [[Nuruddin Chowdhury Noyon]] (born 1962), two-time parliamentarian
* [[Nurul Alam Chowdhury]] (1945–2019), former ambassador to Oman and director of [[Rupali Bank]]
* [[Nural Hoda Choudhury]], former MNA
* [[Nurul Islam Chowdhury]] (1925–1995), politician
* [[Nurunnabi Chowdhury]] (born 1968), politician
* [[Obaidul Muktadir Chowdhury]] (born 1955), incumbent [[Ministry of Housing and Public Works (Bangladesh)|Minister of Housing and Public Works]]
* [[Omor Faruk Chowdhury]] (born 1960), former State Minister of Industries
* [[Rafiqul Bari Chowdhury]] (1930–2005), cinematographer and director
* [[Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury]] (died 2008), 9th vice-chancellor of the [[University of Chittagong]]
* [[Rahimullah Choudhury]], former MNA
* [[Rashed Chowdhury]], former Army officer, currently in exile in the United States
* [[Razzaqul Haider Chowdhury]] (1889–1970), former minister
* [[Reazul Huq Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Rezaul Haque Chowdhury]] (born 1954), two-time MP
* [[Rezaul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1953), incumbent [[Chattogram City Corporation|Mayor of Chittagong]]
* [[Rezwana Chowdhury Bannya|Rezwana Chowdhury]], renowned exponent of Tagore songs
* [[Rezzakul Haider Chowdhury]], 14th Director General of Bangladesh Rifles
* [[Saber Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1961), former president of [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]
* [[Sadruddin Ahmed Chowdhury]], physicist and vice-chancellor of [[Shahjalal University of Science and Technology]] and [[Sylhet International University]]
* [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury Jewel]], former president of Faridpur Sramik League
* [[Salah Choudhury|Salah Uddin Shoaib Choudhury]], editor of ''[[Weekly Blitz]]''
* [[Salek Chowdhury]], physician and politician
* [[Salman Shah (actor)|Chowdhury Muhammad Shahriar Emon]], actor better known as Salman Shah
* [[Samarjit Roy Chowdhury]], painter
* [[SBM Mizanur Rahman|SBM Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] (died 1971), civil servant and freedom fighter
* [[Serajul Islam Choudhury]] (born 1936), literary critic and essayist
* [[Serajunnessa Choudhury]] (1910–1974), politician and businesswoman
* [[Shafi Ahmed Chowdhury]], businessman and politician
* [[Shafiul Alam Chowdhury Nadel]] MP (born 1969), member of [[Bangladesh Parliament]] for [[Moulvibazar-2]], politician, organising secretary of [[Bangladesh Awami League]] and director of [[Bangladesh Cricket Board]]
* [[Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury]] (born 1959), election commissioner and retired brigadier general
* [[Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury (politician)|Shahadat Hossain Chowdhury]] (died 2021), politician
* [[Shahdab Akbar Chowdhury|Shahdab Akbar Chowdhury Labu]], politician
* [[Shahdeen Malik|Shahdeen Malik Chowdhury]], lawyer
* [[Shah-e-Jahan Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Shahjahan Chowdhury]], president of Cox's Bazar BNP branch
* [[Shahjahan Chowdhury (film director)|Shahjahan Chowdhury]], film director and scriptwriter
* [[Shajahan Chowdhury (Chittagong politician)|Shajahan Chowdhury]], vice-president of [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami|Jamaat-e-Islami Chittagong]]
* [[Shah Newaz Chowdhury]] (died 1997), politician
* [[Shah Rafiqul Bari Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Shah Sirajul Islam Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Shahiduddin Chowdhury Annie]] (born 1968), vice-chairman of APPG
* [[Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury]] (born 1985), vice-president of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh]]
* [[Shamima K Choudhury]], physicist and advocate for women in science
* [[Shamsher M. Chowdhury]], diplomat and former [[Foreign Secretary (Bangladesh)|secretary]] of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
* [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Chowdhury]], physician and politician
* [[Shamsul Haque Chowdhury (Rangpur politician)|Shamsul Haque Chowdhury]] (1936–2008), politician
* [[Shamsul Haque Chowdhury]] (born 1957), general secretary of [[Chittagong Abahani Limited]]
* [[Shamsul Huda Chaudhury]] (1920–2000), third Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shankar Gobind Chowdhury]] (1926–1995), former governor of Natore
* [[Shawkat Chowdhury]] (born 1963), politician
* [[Shirin Sharmin Chaudhury]] (born 1966), Speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament
* [[Shayan Chowdhury Arnob|Shayan Chowdhury]], Bengali indie musician and singer
* [[Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri]], 4th Governor of [[Bangladesh Bank]]
* [[Sirajul Islam Chowdhury (politician)|Sirajul Islam Chowdhury]], advisor to Jatiya Party chairman
* [[Sultan Ahmed (deputy speaker)|Sultan Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1932–1992), deputy speaker of parliament
* [[Sultana Zaman Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Sultanul Kabir Chowdhury]] (1946–2014), politician
* [[Syed Maskarul Alam Chowdhury]], former parliamentarian
* [[Tajul Islam Choudhury]] (1944–2018), former Opposition Chief Whip
* [[Tapan Chowdhury (singer)|Tapan Chowdhury]], Bengali singer of Adhunik songs
* [[Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury]] (born 1945), energy adviser to the Prime Minister
* [[TIM Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury|T. I. M. Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury]] (1934–2018), six-time MP and former leader of the [[Jatiya Party (Zafar)]]
* [[Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury]] (1863–1915), writer, painter and aristocrat
* [[Yahya Chowdhury]] (born 1964), secretary of [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party Central Committee]]
* [[Mohammad Yakub Ali Chowdhury (politician)|Yakub Ali Chowdhury]], former VP of Patuakhali Government College
* [[Yeamin Ahmed Chowdhury Munna]], footballer for [[Chittagong Abahani]]
* [[Yusuf Hossain Choudhury]], politician
* [[Zafrullah Chowdhury]] (1941–2023), founder of [[Gonoshasthaya Kendra]]
* [[Zahur Ahmad Chowdhury]] (1916–1974), former Minister of Health and Family Welfare
* [[Zakaria Khan Chowdhury]] (1933–2021), former parliamentarian
* [[Zulfiqar Mortuza Chowdhury]], politician
* Chowdhury family of Aruakandi, Gopalganj
** [[Samson H. Chowdhury|Samson Hossain Chowdhury]] (1925–2012), chairman of [[Square Pharmaceuticals]]
** [[Tapan Chowdhury (businessman)|Tapan Chowdhury]], businessman and adviser to the [[Caretaker government of Bangladesh|caretaker government]]
** [[Anjan Chowdhury]] (born 1954), industrialist
* Chowdhury family of Balia, Thakurgaon
** [[Nurul Huq Choudhury]] (1902–1987), parliamentary secretary
** [[Rezwanul Haque Idu Chowdhury]] (1930–1994), former Minister of Social Welfare
* Chowdhury family of Batgram, Comilla
** [[Ashrafuddin Ahmad Chowdhury]] (1894–1976), former Education Minister
** [[Rabeya Chowdhury]], president of Comilla BNP branch
* Chowdhury family of Bahubal, Habiganj
** [[Manik Chowdhury]] (1933–1991), former governor of Habiganj Subdivision
** [[Amatul Kibria Keya Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Azim Choudhury Zamindar Bari|Chowdhury family of Khanpur, Gopalganj]]
** [[Mohabbat Jan Chowdhury]], former Home Minister
** [[Sarwar Jan Chowdhury]], politician
* [[Qutubuddin Koka|Chowdhury family of Baliadi, Gazipur]]
** [[Chowdhury Kazemuddin Ahmed Siddiky]] (1876–1937), former president of the Eastern Bengal and Assam Muslim League and co-founder of [[Dhaka University]]
** [[Badruddin Ahmed Siddiky]] (1915-1991), former Chief Justice of East Pakistan
** [[Chowdhury Abraruddin Ahmed Siddiky]], leader of the East Bengal Film Association
** [[Chowdhury Tanbir Ahmed Siddiky]] (born 1939), former Minister of Commerce
* Chowdhury family of Dargapasha, Sunamganj
** [[Abdur Rasheed Choudhury]] (died 1944), businessman and politician
** [[Humayun Rashid Choudhury]] (1928–2001), 41st President of the United Nations General Assembly
** [[Faruk Rashid Chowdhury]], former State Minister of Finance
* Chowdhury family of Dhampur, Mymensingh
** [[Aftab Uddin Chowdhury]] (1913–1985), founding secretary of [[Bhaluka Pilot High School]]
** [[Aman Ullah Chowdhury]] (died 2014), politician
* Chowdhury family of Dhanbari, Tangail
** [[Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury]] (1863–1929), former Minister for Education
** [[Mohammad Ali Bogra|Syed Mohammad Ali Chowdhury]] (1909–1963), former Prime Minister of Pakistan
** [[Syed Hasan Ali Chowdhury]] (1910–1981), former Minister for Commerce and Industry
* Chowdhury family of Dhantala, Dinajpur
** [[Abdur Rauf Chowdhury]] (1937–2007), former State Minister for Post and Telecommunications
** [[Khalid Mahmud Chowdhury]] (born 1970), State Minister of Shipping
* Chowdhury family of Duttapara, Madaripur
** [[Ilias Ahmed Chowdhury]] (1934–1991), politician
** [[Noor-E-Alam Chowdhury Liton]] (born 1964), Chief Whip of the Bangladesh Parliament
** [[Mujibur Rahman Chowdhury|Mujibur Rahman Chowdhury Nixon]] (born 1978), presidium member of [[Jubo League]]
* Chowdhury family of Faridpur
** [[Chowdhury Moyezuddin Biwshash]] (1840–1923), merchant and aristocrat
** [[Chowdhury Abd-Allah Zaheeruddin]] (1903–1967), former Minister of Health, Labor and Social welfare
** [[Yusuf Ali Chowdhury]] (1905–1971), former Minister of Agriculture
** [[Chowdhury Kamal Ibne Yusuf]] (1940–2020), former Minister of Disaster Management
** [[Chowdhury Akmal Ibne Yusuf]] (1945–2021), politician
* Chowdhury family of Fultali, Sylhet
** [[Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali]] (1913–2008), Islamic scholar, author, poet and orator
** [[Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali]] (born 1974), Islamic scholar, writer and politician
* Chaudhry family of Gahira, Chittagong
** [[AKM Fazlul Kabir Chowdhury]] (1917–1972), Leader of the Opposition at the [[East Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
** [[Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry]] (1919–1973), 5th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
** [[A. B. M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury]] (1944–2017), three-time Mayor of Chittagong
** [[Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury]] (1949–2015), six-time MP and former adviser to the Prime Minister
** [[A.B.M. Fazle Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1954), five-time MP
** [[Giasuddin Quader Chowdhury]], two-time MP
** [[Mohibul Hasan Chowdhury]] (born 1983), Deputy Minister of Education
* Chowdhury family of Gomnati, Nilphamari
** [[M. Rafiqul Islam|Muhammad Rafiqul Islam Chowdhury]], 8th vice-chancellor of Islamic University Bangladesh
** [[Shahrin Islam Tuhin|Muhammad Shahrin Islam Chowdhury Tuhin]], president of Nilphamari BNP
* Chowdhury family of Guthuma, Feni
** [[Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury]] (1906–1966), former Health Minister
** [[Shamsunnahar Mahmud|Begum Shamsunnahar Chowdhurani]] (1908—1964), writer, educator and politician
** [[Selina Bahar Zaman|Parveen Sultana Chaudhury]] (1940–2004), writer and academician
** [[Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury]] (born 1940), news presenter and elocutionist
* Chowdhury family of Haildhar, Chittagong
** [[Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu]] (1945–2012), founding chairman of [[United Commercial Bank PLC]]
** [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury]] (born 1969), Minister of Land
** [[Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury]] (born 1929), politician
* Chowdhury family of Katakhali, Rajbari
** [[Abdul Wajed Chowdhury]] (died 1992), politician
** [[Salma Chowdhury]] (born 1971), parliamentarian
* Chowdhury family of Lakshmansri, Sunamganj
** [[Hason Raja|Dewan Hason Raja Chowdhury]] (1854–1922), mystic poet
** [[Dewan Taimur Raja Chowdhury]] (1917–1997), former State Minister of Communications
*Chowdhury family of Maguradangi, Rajbari
** [[Rowshan Ali Chowdhury]] (1874–1933), journalist
** [[Yakub Ali Chowdhury]] (1888–1940), essayist
* Chowdhury family of Majidpur-Daihata, Munshiganj
** [[Kafiluddin Chowdhury]] (1898–1972), former Communications and Law Minister of East Pakistan
** [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury|Abul Qasim Mohammad Badruddoza Chowdhury]] (born 1932), 13th President of Bangladesh
** [[Mahi B. Chowdhury|Mahi Badruddoza Chowdhury]] (born 1970), secretary general of [[Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh|Bikalpa Dhara]]
* Chowdhury family of Mandalpara, Cox's Bazar
** [[Osman Sarwar Alam Chowdhury]] (1937–2010), former ambassador to the UAE
** [[Shaimum Sarwar Kamal|Shaimum Sarwar Chowdhury Kamal]] (born 1970), politician
* Chowdhury family of Monakosha, Nawabganj
** [[Murtaza Raza Choudhry]], former State Minister for Finance
** [[Mainur Reza Chowdhury]] (1938–2004), 12th Chief Justice of Bangladesh
** [[Zara Jabeen Mahbub|Zara Jabeen Chowdhurani]] (born 1976), former MP
* Chowdhury family of Nagbari, Tangail
** [[Abdul Hamid Chowdhury]] (died 1969), Speaker of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]]
** [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]] (1921–1987), second President of Bangladesh
** [[Abul Hasan Chowdhury]] (born 1951), former [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)|State Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
* Chowdhury family of Nandail, Mymensingh
** [[Khurram Khan Chowdhury]] (1945–2021), politician
** [[Anwarul Hossain Khan Chowdhury]] (died 2013), former adviser to the president
* [[Chowdhuries of Natore|Chowdhury family of Natore]]
** [[Ashraf Ali Khan Chowdhury]] (1878–1941), politician
** [[Abdus Sattar Khan Chowdhury]], politician
** [[Amjad Khan Chowdhury]] (1937–2015), founder of [[PRAN-RFL Group]]
* Chowdhury family of Nurshonapur, Noakhali
** [[Badrul Haider Chowdhury]] (1925–1998), fifth Chief Justice of Bangladesh
** [[Naima Haider|Naima Haider Chowdhury]] (born 1962), Justice of the High Court Division
* Choudhury family of Ranakeli, Sylhet
** [[Mahmudul Amin Choudhury]] (1937–2019), 11th [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh]]
** [[Fatema Chowdhury Paru]] (1944–2002), politician
* Chowdhury family of Shat Aani, Bogra
** [[Ismat Ara Sadique|Ismat Ara Chowdhury]] (1941–2020), former State Minister of Public Administration
** [[Mamdudur Rahman Chowdhury]] (1946–2018), former Minister of Shipping
* Chowdhury family of Ulania, Barisal
** [[Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury]] (1934–2022), poet and political analyst
** [[Asad Chowdhury]] (born 1943), poet, writer, translator and journalist
* Kings of the [[Bohmong Circle]]
** [[Maung Shwe Prue Chowdhury]] (1915–1998), 14th King of [[Bohmong Circle]]
** [[Aung Shwe Prue Chowdhury]] (1914–2012), 15th King of [[Bohmong Circle]]

===India===
[[File:General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri.jpg|thumb|[[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]]]]
* [[Amitabh Chaudhry]] (born 1964/65), Indian banker, CEO and MD of Axis Bank
* [[Arindam Chaudhuri]], Indian author
* [[Farukh Choudhary]], Indian Association football player who plays for [[Jamshedpur FC]] in the [[Indian Super League]]
* [[Pratik Chaudhari]] (born 1989), Indian footballer playing as a defender for Jamshedpur
* [[Chaudhary Devi Lal]], Deputy Prime Minister of India
* [[Shagun Chowdhary]], Indian shooter
* [[Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Yadav]], Chief Minister, Delhi
* [[Mohinder Singh Chaudhury]], Indian politician
* [[R. B. Choudary]], Indian film producer
* [[Gurmeet Choudhary]], Indian television actor
* [[Ranjit Chowdhry]], Indian actor
* [[Karmveer Choudhary]], Indian actor
*[[Ankush Chaudhari]], Marathi film actor

====Andhra Pradesh and Telangana====
* [[Jagapathi Babu|Veeramachineni Jagapathi Rao Chowdary]], Telugu film actor
* [[K. V. Chowdary]], Indian Revenue Service Central Vigilance Commissioner
* [[Renuka Chowdhury]], Union Minister of State
* [[T. Ramaswamy Choudary]], Lawyer, poet, playwright and reformer among the Telugu-speaking people
* [[Veerabhadram Chowdary]],Telugu film director
* [[Y. S. Chowdary]], Indian central minister for state
* [[Y. V. S. Chowdary]], Telugu cinema writer, director, producer
* [[Narendra Choudary]], Media entrepreneur and businessman
* [[Simran Choudhary]], Actress and model
* [[Chandini Chowdary]], Actress

====Assam====
[[File:Moinul Hoque Choudhury.gif|thumb|[[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]]]]
* [[Abdul Jalil Choudhury]] (1925–1989), Islamic scholar and politician
* [[Ambikagiri Raichoudhury]], Assamese poet
* [[Anwaruddin Choudhury]] (born 1959), naturalist
* [[Avinov Choudhury]] (born 1999), cricketer
* [[Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury]], MLA for [[Jamunamukh Assembly constituency|Jamunamukh]]
* [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhury]], Chief Minister of Assam and Governor of Punjab
* [[Moinul Hoque Choudhury]], five-time [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], two-time [[United Nations General Assembly|UN General Assembly]] representative and Minister of Industrial Development
* [[Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri]], theoretical economist, academic and professor of the [[Delhi School of Economics]].
* [[Rashida Haque Choudhury]], former Minister of State of Social Welfare
* [[Rita Chowdhury]], established poet and novelist, [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] recipient
* Choudhury family of Bagbari, Karimganj
** [[Najib Ali Choudhury]], Islamic scholar and teacher
** [[Abdul Munim Choudhury]], former MLA of [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]

==== Uttar Pradesh ====
[[File:Charan Singh Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Charan Singh]] in 1979]]
* Chaudhary family of Noorpur, [[Meerut district|Meerut]]
**[[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] (1902–1987), 5th prime minister of India and two term chief minister of Uttar Pradesh
**[[Chaudhary Ajit Singh]] (1939–2021), former union minister and son of Charan Singh
**[[Jayant Singh|Chaudhary Jayant Singh]] (born 1978), union minister of state for skill development, entrepreneurship and education and president of the [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
* [[Rahul Chaudhari]], Indian kabaddi player
* [[Chaudhary Harmohan Singh Yadav]], Shaurya Chakra awardee<ref name="M. L. Ahuja">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCrZLq_gEcUC&q=chaudhary+yadav&pg=PA340|title=Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952-1999|publisher=Mittal Publications|first=M. L.|last=Ahuja|year=2000|pages=302, 340|isbn=9788170997665}}</ref>
* [[Aadesh Chaudhary]], Indian actor
* [[Kamla Chaudhry]] (born 1908), Indian short story writer
* [[Yuvika Chaudhary]] (born 1983), Indian actress
*Chaudhary Gurjar family of Kairana
**[[Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan]] (1964–2008), former MP
**[[Nahid Hasan|Chaudhary Nahid Hasan]] (born 1988), politician
*Chaudhary Ahmed family of Nuh, Mewat
**[[Chaudhary Khurshid Ahmed]] (1934–2020), politician
**[[Chaudhary Aftab Ahmed]] (born 1966), politician
*Chaudhary Hussain family of Mewat
**[[Tayyab Husain|Chaudhary Tayyab Husain]] (1936–2008), former MP and minister of state
**[[Zakir Hussain (Haryana politician)|Chaudhary Zakir Hussain]], administrator of Haryana Waqf Board
**[[Zahida Khan (Indian politician)|Zahida Khan]] (born 1968), politician
*Chaudhary Rahim Khan family of Sultanpur, Mewat
**[[Chaudhary Rahim Khan]] (1923–1987), former MP and minister of state
**[[Chaudhary Sardar Khan]], politician
**[[Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas|Chaudhary Mohammad Ilyas Khan]] (born 1954), politician
**[[Habib Ur Rehman|Chaudhary Habib Ur Rehman]] (born 1957), politician

====West Bengal====
* [[Abdul Karim Chowdhury]] (born 1946), former Minister for Mass Education Extension and Library Services
* [[Chowdhury Abu Taleb|Abu Taleb Chowdhury]] (died 1971), former MP
*[[Amit Chaudhuri]], Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature
* [[Anjan Choudhury]], Bengali film director and writer
* [[Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury]], Indian film director
* [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]], member of the [[16th Lok Sabha]] of India
* [[Bula Choudhury]], Indian national women's swimming champion
* [[Chumki Chowdhury|Chumki Choudhury]], Indian actress
* [[Jogen Chowdhury]], 21st century Indian painter
* [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]], Chief of Staff of the Indian Army
* [[Mahima Chaudhry]], Indian actress and model
* [[Nirad C. Chaudhuri]], Indian writer
* [[Noor Alam Chowdhury]] (1943–2021), former acting Chief Justice in Calcutta High Court
* [[Pramatha Chaudhuri]], 19th century Bengali writer and an influential figure in [[Bengali literature]]
* [[Rabiul Alam Chowdhury]], former MLA
* [[Ravi Shankar]] (born Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury), [[Music of India|Indian musician]] and a composer of [[Hindustani classical music]]
* [[Rina Choudhury]], Indian actress
* [[Saifuddin Choudhury]] (1952–2014), communist
* [[Shankar Roychowdhury]], Chief of Staff of the [[Indian Army]]
* [[Siddiqullah Chowdhury]], president of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind|Jamiat Ulema-e-Maghribi Bangal]]
* [[Somlata Acharyya Chowdhury]], Indian singer
* [[Sonali Chowdhury]], Indian actress
* [[Salil Chowdhury]], Indian music director & composer
* [[Sarita Choudhury]], Indian actress and model
* [[Tridha Choudhury]], Indian actress
* Choudhury family of Sahazalalpur, Malda
** [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury|Abu Barkat Ataul Ghani Khan Choudhury]] (1927–2006), former Union Minister
** [[Abu Nasar Khan Choudhury]] (born 1935), former Minister of State for Science and Technology
** [[Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury]] (born 1938), former Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare
** [[Rubi Noor|Begum Rubi Choudhurani]] (1945–2008), four-time MLA
** [[Isha Khan Choudhury]] (born 1971), politician

===Nepal===
* [[Binod Chaudhary]], Nepalese billionaire

===Fiji===
* [[Mahendra Chaudhry]], former Prime Minister of Fiji

===Pakistan===
[[File:Choudhry Rahmat Ali.jpg|thumb|[[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]]]]
*[[Anwar Chowdhry|Anwar Khurshid Chowdhry]] (1923–2010), former president of [[International Boxing Association]]
*[[Cecil Chaudhry]] (1941–2012), Pakistani academic, human rights activist, veteran fighter pilot
*[[Chaudhary Aadil Bakhsh Chattha]], politician
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Hameed Khan]] (1906–1958), civil servant
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Jalil|Chaudhry Abdul Jalil Chacha Cricket]] (born 1949), cricket mascot
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Majeed]] (1937–2006), nuclear chemist
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Majid]] (born 1946), former Prime Minister of Azad Jammu And Kashmir
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Rahim]], legislator
*[[Chaudhry Abdul Razzaq Dhillon]] (born 1961), politician
*[[Chaudhry Abid Jotana]] (born 1982), politician
*[[Chaudhry Abid Raza]] (born 1972), politician
*[[Abid Sher Ali|Chaudhry Abid Sher Ali]] (born 1971), former Minister of State for Power
*[[Chaudhry Aftab Ahmed Gujjar Advocate|Chaudhry Aftab Ahmed Gujjar]], senior advocate
*[[Chaudhry Afzal Haq]] (1891–1942), author and co-founder of Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam
*[[Chaudhry Akhtar Abbas Bosal]] (born 1973), politician
*[[Chaudhry Amir Hussain]] (born 1942), 17th Speaker of National Assembly
*[[Chaudhry Amjad Ali Javed]] (born 1965), politician
*[[Chaudhry Anwarul Haq]] (born 1970), Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
*[[Chaudhry Arshad Javaid Warraich]] (born 1956), politician
*[[Chaudhry Ashfaq Ahmed]] (born 1967), politician
*[[Chaudhry Ashraf Ali Ansari]] (born 1969), politician
*[[Chaudhry Ashraf Deona]] (born 1946), politician
*[[Chaudhry Asif Majeed]], politician
*[[Chaudhry Aslam Khan]] (1967–2014), police officer
*[[Chaudhry Azhar Qayyum Nahra]] (born 1977), politician
*[[Chaudhry Bilal Ijaz]] (born 1970), former chairman of Punjab Zakat Council
*[[Chaudhry Ejaz Yousaf]] (born 1952), 10th chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court
*[[Chaudhary Mohammad Akbar Ibrahim]], former minister
*[[Chaudhry Muhammad Hussain]], former chairman of [[Pakistan Cricket Board]]
*[[Chaudhry Muhammad Sarwar Khan]] (1919–2003), politician
*[[Chaudhry Muhammad Shafique]] (born 1952), politician
*[[Mumtaz Jajja|Chaudhry Mumtaz Ahmed Jajja]] (1948–2011), agriculturist and politician
*[[Choudhry Rahmat Ali]], [[Pakistan Movement]] activist and politician
*[[Chaudhry Tahir Mahmood Chahal Jatt]] (born 1984), politician
*[[Chaudry Tussadiq Masud Khan]] (born 1959), agriculturalist and politician
*[[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry]] (1904–1982), fifth president of Pakistan
*[[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]], former Chief Justice of Pakistan
*[[Michael Chowdry|Michael A. Chowdry]] (1954–2001), founder of [[Atlas Air]] (FY 2019 revenue US$2.7 billion)
*[[Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry]] (1903–1988), nuclear physicist
*[[Zafar Chaudhry|Zafar Ahmad Chaudhry]] (1926–2019), human rights activist
*Chaudhary family of Ajnala, Gujrat
**[[Anwar Aziz Chaudhry]] (1930–2020), swimmer and politician
**[[Daniyal Aziz|Daniyal Aziz Chaudhry]] (born 1965), former Minister for Privatisation
*Chaudhary family of Chakri, Rawalpindi
**[[Iftikhar Ali Khan (general)|Chaudhary Iftikhar Ali Khan]] (1941–2009), general
**[[Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan]] (born 1954), Minister of Interior<ref>{{cite web| last=Abbasi |first=Talha |url=http://pakistanileaders.com.pk/profile/Chaudhry_Nisar_Ali_Khan |title=Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan |website=Pakistani Leaders Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720022527/http://pakistanileaders.com.pk/profile/Chaudhry_Nisar_Ali_Khan|archive-date=20 July 2018|access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref>
*Chaudhry family of Challianwala, Mandi Bahauddin
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Ashraf (senator)|Chaudhry Muhammad Ashraf]] (1925–1983), businessman
**[[Zaka Ashraf|Chaudhry Muhammad Zaka Ashraf]] (born 1952), chairman of Pakistan Cricket Board
**[[Begum Ishrat Ashraf]], politician
*Jutt Chaudhry family of Chichawatni, Sahiwal
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Tufail]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Hanif]] (born 1963), politician
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Arshad Jutt]] (born 1970), politician
*Gujjar Chaudhry family of Rahim Yar Khan
**[[Chaudhry Jaffar Iqbal Gujjar]], former senator
**[[Zeb Jaffar]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Omar Jaffar]] (born 1982), politician
**[[Maiza Hameed|Maiza Hameed Gujjar]], politician
*Warraich Chaudhry family of Gujrat
**[[Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi]] (1917–1981), politician
**[[Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi]] (born 1945), former Chief Minister of Punjab
**[[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]] (born 1946), 14th Prime Minister of Pakistan
**[[Chaudhry Wajahat Hussain]] (born 1950), president of [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]]
**[[Moonis Elahi|Chaudhry Moonis Elahi]] (born 1976), former federal minister
**[[Chaudhry Salik Hussain]] (born 1979), former federal minister
**[[Chaudhry Hussain Elahi]], politician
*Chaudhry family of Dina, Jhelum
**[[Chaudhry Mohammad Awais]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Altaf Hussain]] (1929–1995), three-time Governor of Punjab
**[[Chaudhry Iftikhar Hussain]] (1946–2015), 36th Chief Justice of Lahore High Court
**[[Chaudhry Shahbaz Hussain]], restaurateur
**[[Fawad Chaudhry|Fawad Ahmed Hussain Chaudhry]] (born 1976), former minister
**[[Chaudhry Farrukh Altaf]], politician
*Arain Chaudhry family of Jalandhar (Muhajir)
**[[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]] (1905–1982), fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan
**[[Khalid Anwer|Chaudhry Khalid Anwer]] (born 1938), lawyer, jurist and constitutional expert
*Rana Chaudhry family of Rahon, Jalandhar (Muhajir)
**[[Chaudhry Abdul Rehman Khan]], nobleman
**[[Nisar Fatima|Nisar Fatima Zahra]] (1935–1991), politician
*Chaudhry family of Kamoke, Gujranwala
**[[Chaudhry Abdul Wakeel Khan]], politician
**[[Chaudhry Akhtar Ali Khan]] (born 1957), politician
**[[Rana Shamshad Ahmad Khan|Chaudhry Rana Shamshad Ahmad Khan]] (1965–2015), former minister
*Rajput Chaudhry family of Kolian, Hoshiarpur (Muhajir)
**[[Chaudhry Ali Akbar Khan]] (1910–1967), diplomat
**[[Nisar Akbar Khan|Chaudhry Nisar Akbar Khan]], retired army officer
*Rajput Chaudhry family of Quetta
**[[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]] (born 1948), 20th Chief Justice of Pakistan
**[[Arsalan Iftikhar Chaudhry]] (born 1976), medical doctor
*Chaudhry family of Sain De Khuie, Faisalabad
**[[Chaudhry Mohammad Sarwar]] (born 1950), former governor of Punjab
**[[Anas Sarwar|Chaudhry Anas Sarwar]] (born 1983), leader of the Scottish Labour Party
*Sahi Chaudhry family
**[[Ghulam Rasool Sahi|Chaudhry Ghulam Rasool Sahi]] (born 1944), politician
**[[Muhammad Afzal Sahi|Chaudhry Muhammad Afzal Sahi]] (born 1949), former acting Governor of Punjab
**[[Ali Afzal Sahi|Chaudhry Ali Afzal Sahi]] (born 1986), former provincial minister
*Cheema Chaudhry family of Sargodha
**[[Anwar Ali Cheema|Chaudhry Anwar Ali Cheema]] (1935–2016), former government minister
**[[Chaudhry Aamir Sultan Cheema]] (born 1962), politician
**[[Muhammad Muneeb Sultan Cheema|Chaudhry Muhammad Muneeb Sultan Cheema]] (born 1992), former provincial transport minister
*Siddiqi Chaudhry family of Chunar, Mirzapur (Muhajir)
**[[Salimuzzaman Siddiqui|Chaudhry Salimuzzaman Siddiqui]] (1897—1994), organic chemist
**[[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman|Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman Siddiqi]] (1889—1973), former president of Muslim League

===United Kingdom===
* [[Akhlaq Choudhury]] (born 1967), Judge of the British [[High Court of Justice]]
* [[Anas Sarwar|Anas Sarwar Chaudhry]] (born 1983), leader of the Scottish Labour Party
* [[Anwar Choudhury]] (born 1959), diplomat at the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]; former [[Governor of the Cayman Islands]], [[British Ambassador to Peru]] and [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Bangladesh|British High Commissioner to Bangladesh]]
* [[Anjem Choudary]], Islamist political activist
* [[Asim Chaudhry]], comedian and actor
* [[Atique Choudhury|Atique Islam Choudhury]] (born 1963), restaurateur and chef
* [[Foysol Choudhury]], Businessman, community activist and Chairman of Edinburgh and Lothians Regional Equality Council.
* [[Hamza Choudhury]], [[midfielder]] for English football club [[Leicester City F.C.]]
* [[Himanshi Choudhry]], British actress
* [[Khaled Choudhury]], theatre personality and artist
* [[Kirti N. Chaudhuri]], British-Indian economic historian
* [[Mamun Chowdhury]], businessman, and founder and co-director of [[London Tradition]]
* [[Navin Chowdhry]], British actor
* [[Robin Choudhury]], British cardiologist
* [[Roshonara Choudhry]], British Islamic extremist
* [[Shafiqur Rahaman Chowdhury]], president of the Bishwanath Expatriate Education Trust
* [[Shamim Chowdhury]], TV and print journalist for [[Al Jazeera English]]
* [[Shefali Chowdhury]], actress best known for the role of [[Padma Patil]] in the ''[[Harry Potter (film series)|Harry Potter]]'' film series
* [[Sophie Choudry]], British actress and singer
* [[Paul Chowdhry]], English comedian of Punjabi origin

===United States===
* [[C. M. Naim|Choudhri Mohammed Naim]] (born 1936), scholar of Urdu language and literature
* [[Jay Chaudhry]] (born 1958/1959), American billionaire, CEO and founder of Zscaler
* [[Michael Chowdry]], founder of cargo airliner Atlas Air
* [[Satveer Chaudhary]], former Minnesota state senator
* [[Subir Chowdhury]], author and management consultant

==Chaudhary==
===Business===
*[[Binod Chaudhary]] (1955-), a Nepalese businessman, industrialist, philanthropist, and politician
*[[Fawad Chaudhry]] a Pakistani businessman, landlord, lawyer and politician

===Acting, modeling and entertainment===
*[[Areej Chaudhary]] (1997), Pakistani actress, psychologist, Miss Pakistan Universe-2020, Miss Earth-2020, Miss Global-2022
* [[Ekta Chowdhry]] (1986-), Miss India Universe-2009
*[[Raja Chaudhary]] (1975-), an Indian television actor, writer and producer
*[[Gaurav Chaudhary]] (1991-), an Indian YouTuber, media personality, and engineer
*[[Ajay Chaudhary]], an Indian television actor and model
*[[Yuvika Chaudhary]] (1983-), an Indian actress
*[[Meenakshi Chaudhary]], is an Indian model
*[[Basanta Choudhury|Basanta Chowdhury]] (1928–2000), an Indian actor
*[[Saket Chaudhary]], an Indian screenwriter and director
*[[Sakshi Chaudhary]] (1993), an Indian model and actress from Dehradun, Uttarakhand
*[[Aadesh Chaudhary]], an Indian television actor
*[[Parull Chaudhry]], an Indian television actress
*[[Urvashi Chaudhary]] (1986-), an Indian actress and model
*[[Raj Singh Chaudhary]], an Indian actor
*[[Ksshitij Chaudhary]], an Indian Punjabi film director
*[[Hema Chaudhary]] (1955-), an Indian actress in Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, and Tamil films
*[[Aastha Chaudhary]], an Indian actress
*[[Arav Chaudhary]], an Indian actor
*[[Ankush Choudhary]], Indian actor, screenwriter, director, producer and theatre personality in Marathi cinema
*[[Mahima Chaudhry]], Indian actress
*[[Ashish Chaudhary|Aashish Chaudhary]], Indian actor
*[[Gurmeet Choudhary]], Indian actor

===Politics===
* [[Aun Chaudhry]], Pakistani politician and businessman
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]], former Chief minister of Odisha
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]], freedom fighter & social reformer
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhury]], Indian activist, Freedom fighter
* [[Harish Chaudhary]] politician of Congress from Rajasthan
* [[Haribhai Chaudhary]] politician of Congress from Gujarat
* [[Awadh Bihari Choudhary]], Speaker of the Bihar Legislative Assembly
*[[Ram Govind Chaudhary]], Former Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
*[[Sarveen Choudhary]], cabinet minister in Bharatiya Janata Party ministry in Himachal Pradesh holding Urban, Town & Country Planning departments.
*[[Babulal Chaudhary]] (1948-), an Indian Bharatiya Janata Party politician
*[[Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary]] (1954-), an Indian politician and Minister of State for Coal and Mines
*[[Ejaz Chaudhary]] (1956-), a prominent Pakistani politician, social worker, civil engineer
*[[P. P. Chaudhary]] (1953-), a Union Minister of State
*[[Shanta Chaudhary]], a social reformer and Former Member of Constituent Assembly of Nepal
*[[Chaudhary Manisha Ashok]], an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Satveer Chaudhary]] (1969-), an American politician
*[[Amarsinh Chaudhary]] (1941–2004), an Indian politician
*[[Jayant Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Mathura
*[[Lal Singh Chaudhary (politician)]] (1959-), an Indian politician from Jammu and Kashmir
*[[Chhotu Ram Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Balbir Prasad Chaudhary]], a Nepali politician
*[[Hemlata Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Tushar Amarsinh Chaudhary]] (1965-), an Indian politician of the Indian National Congress in Gujarat
*[[Shankar Chaudhary]] (1970-), an Indian politician from Gujarat
*[[Bhairaram Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party from Rajasthan
*[[Arun Chaudhary]], an American political operative and filmmaker
*[[Manibhai Chaudhary]] (1947-) an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Aruna Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of Indian National Congress from Punjab
*[[Dayaram Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[R. K. Chaudhary]], an Indian politician and former Minister of Roadways, Health
*[[Roop Chaudhary]], an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Genda Lal Chaudhary]], an Indian politician representing Hathras
*[[Nisha Chaudhary]] (1952-), a social worker and politician representing Sabarkantha
*[[Bhupendra Chaudhary]], state minister of Uttar Pradesh
*[[Vijay Kumar Chaudhary]] (1957-) an Indian politician from Bihar
*[[Arvind Kumar Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bahujan Samaj Party
*[[Sanjay Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party
*[[Laxmilal Chaudhary]], a Nepalese politician of the Nepal Loktantrik Samajbadi Dal
*[[Amar Singh Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Siddharth Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh
*[[Birendra Kumar Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)
*[[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]], an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh
*[[Vidya Sagar Chaudhary]], an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party from Himachal Pradesh
*[[Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary]] Chief minister of Lumbini Province, Nepal
*[[Umakant Chaudhary]] - politician and the former minister for Water Supply of Nepal
*[[Resham Lal Chaudhary]] Nepalese politician and member of Federal Parliament.

===Sports===
*[[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)]] (1965-), an Indian cricket umpire
*[[Saurabh Chaudhary]] (2002-), an Indian Sport Shooter
*[[Garima Chaudhary]] (1990-), an Indian judoka
*[[Ishwar Chaudhary]] (1988-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Shweta Chaudhry]] (1986), an Indian shooter
*[[Harendra Chaudhary]] (1976-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Aditya Chaudhary]] (1996-), a footballer from Nepal
*[[Shivam Chaudhary]] (1997-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Vijay Chaudhary]], an Indian wrestler
*[[Dipendra Chaudhary]] (1980-), a Nepalese cricketer
*[[Nikhil Chaudhary (cricketer)]] (1996-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Sachin Chaudhary]] (1983-), an Indian powerlifter
*[[Nilesh Chaudhary]] (1983-), an Indian cricketer
*[[Mamta Chaudhary]], a Nepali cricketer
*[[Sarswati Chaudhary]], Nepali sprinter

===Academia, science & scholarship===
*[[Arknath Chaudhary]], a Sanskrit scholar and vice-chancellor of Shree Somnath Sanskrit University
*[[Ram Chet Chaudhary]], an Indian agricultural scientist
*[[Shamila N. Chaudhary]], a foreign policy expert
*[[Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary]], a former Vice-Chancellor of Haryana Agricultural University

===Journalism===
*[[Sudhir Chaudhary (journalist)]], an Indian journalist, editor
*[[Omkar Chaudhary]] (1961-), an Indian journalist, writer, and editor

===Other occupations===
*[[Nand Kishore Chaudhary]] (1953-), an Indian social entrepreneur
*[[Akshay Chandra Chaudhury]] (1850-1898), an Indian poet and novelist
*[[Puruesh Chaudhary]] (1983-), a futures researcher, development and strategic narrative professional
*[[Aisha Chaudhary]] (1996–2015), a motivational speaker

==Chaudhari==
'''Chaudhari''' ({{langx|hi|चौधरी}}, {{langx|pa|ਚੌਧਰੀ}}, {{langx|mr|चौधरी}}) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*[[Ankush Chaudhari]] (born 1977), Indian film actor
*[[Bahinabai Chaudhari]] (1880–1951), Marathi language poet
*[[Manish Chaudhari]] (born 1969), Indian actor
*[[Nirupa Chaudhari]], American biologist
*[[Pramod Chaudhari]], businessman from Maharashtra
*[[Pratik Chaudhari]] (born 1989), Indian footballer
*[[Praveen Chaudhari]] (1937–2010), Indian American physicist
*[[Radhika Chaudhari]], Indian actress
*[[Raghuveer Chaudhari]] (born 1938), Indian male novelist
*[[Rahul Chaudhari]] (born 1992/1993), Indian professional Kabaddi player
*[[Ramkumari Chaudhari]] (born 1985), Nepali politician
*[[Shirish Hiralal Chaudhari]], Indian politician
*[[Vivek Ram Chaudhari]] (born 1962), Indian Air Force air marshal

==Chaudhri==
* [[Amjad Ali Chaudhri]] (1917–1990), Pakistani military officer who fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
* [[Haleem Chaudhri]] (?–1971), Bengali cricketer, hero of the Liberation War of Bangladesh
* [[Imran Chaudhri]] (born 1973), British-American designer
* [[Iqbal Chaudhri]], Pakistani cricketer
* [[Nadia Chaudhri]] (1978–2021), Pakistani-Canadian psychologist
* [[Shufti Chaudhri]] (1920–2015), officer of the 16th Punjab Regiment
* [[Tara Chaudhri]] (?–2013), Indian classical dancer.

==Chaudhuri==
* [[Mihir Kanti Chaudhuri]] (1947–2024), Indian inorganic chemist

==Chaudhurani==
* [[Faizunnesa Choudhurani]], Muslim feminist and awarded the title [[Nawab]] by [[Queen Victoria]]
* [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]], Indian literary figure, author and musician.
* [[Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani]] (1855–1926), Bengali poet, social worker, and patron of literature.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hossain|first1=Anowar|title=Muslim women's struggle for freedom in colonial Bengal: (1873-1940)|date=2003|publisher=Progressive Publishers|isbn=9788180640308|page=266|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=84JuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karimunnesa+Khanam+Chaudhurani}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi Chaudhurani]], founder of the first women's organisation in India, the Bharat Stree Mahamandal in Allahabad in 1910.

==Fictional characters==
*Indra Chaudhari, the protagonist of ''[[Axiom Verge 2]]''

==Other==
*[[Chaudhry and Sons]], a 2022 Pakistani romantic family comedy drama television series
*[[Chacha Chaudhary]], an Indian comic book character
*[[Chacha Chaudhary (2002 TV series)]], an Indian children's television series
*[[Chaudhary Karnail Singh]], a 1960 Indian Punjabi-language film
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport]], an international airport serving Lucknow
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport metro station]] in Lucknow
*[[Baibhav Raj Chaudhary]]
KVSS[[Kalpavriksha English Boarding School]]

==Further disambiguation pages==
*[[Rajendra Chaudhary (disambiguation)]], several people
*[[Sudhir Chaudhary (disambiguation)]], several people

===Organisations===
*[[Chaudhary Group]] (CG Global), a multi-national conglomerate headquartered in Nepal
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh Post Graduate College]], a college in Heonra-Saifai, Etawah
*[[Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University]], a university in Jind, Haryana
*[[Chaudhary Bansi Lal University]], a university in Bhiwani, Haryana
*[[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]], a university in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
*[[Chaudhary Devi Lal University]], a university in Haryana
*[[Andul Dutta Chaudhury Family|Dutta Chowdhury family]], West Bengal, India.
*[[Sabarna Roy Choudhury|Savarna Roy Chowdhury family]], West Bengal, India.

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{surname}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bengali-language surnames]]
[[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]
[[Category:Pakistani names]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language surnames]]

User talk:The coderXE

2025-03-14T18:58:43Z

The coderXE:

== '''Karan Distinct Caste''' ==
Hi, I noticed your contributions to Karana caste page, can you please add one more important detail about the community that Karanas strongly refuse to identity as Kayastha here's the link for the source (Archeological Survey of India), https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=1nYMAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Das+Mahapatra

Regards — Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/2409:40C0:102B:C26C:8000:0:0:0|2409:40C0:102B:C26C:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40C0:102B:C26C:8000:0:0:0#top|talk]]) 18:59, 16 October 2024 (UTC) 

:Hello , if you have more strong source of your claim regarding this topic , then kindly provide, there is a lot of confusion regarding karanas of odisha and karn kayasthas of Bihar & Bengal [[User:The coderXE|The coderXE]] ([[User talk:The coderXE#top|talk]]) 20:22, 16 October 2024 (UTC)
::i think we can add a line that some Karanas view themselves as a separate caste distinct from Kayasthas although their functions might be the same based on the above source provided, will be glad to know your views on this
::Regards [[Special:Contributions/2409:40C0:102B:C26C:8000:0:0:0|2409:40C0:102B:C26C:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40C0:102B:C26C:8000:0:0:0|talk]]) 20:31, 16 October 2024 (UTC)

== '''Welcome!''' ==
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Again, welcome! [[User:CFA|C F A]] [[User talk:CFA|💬]] 15:14, 29 July 2024 (UTC)

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== December 2024 ==

[[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. I have noticed that you {{usertalk other|[https://xtools.wmflabs.org/editsummary/en.wikipedia.org/{{urlencode:The coderXE|PATH}} often]|often}} edit without using an [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]]. Please do your best to '''always fill in the summary field'''. This helps your fellow editors use their time more productively, rather than spending it unnecessarily scrutinizing and verifying your work. Even a short summary is better than no summary, and summaries are particularly important for large, complex, or potentially controversial edits. To help yourself remember, you may wish to check the "prompt me when entering a blank edit summary" box in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|your preferences]]. Thanks!  [[User:Ekdalian|Ekdalian]] ([[User talk:Ekdalian|talk]]) 06:17, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
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Ananta Dasa

2025-03-14T09:35:05Z

The coderXE:

{{short description|15th century saint-poet from Odisha}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ananta Dasa
| honorific_prefix = Sisu
| image = Mahapurusa Sishu Ananta.jpg
| caption =
| imagesize =
| language = [[Odia Language|Odia]]
| birth_date = {{circa|1475}} <ref name="Das 1951 p. 3 , 41">{{cite book | last=Das | first=C. | title=Studies in medieval religion and literature of Orissa | publisher=Visva-Bharati | series=Visva-Bharati studies | year=1951 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z29tAAAAIAAJ | access-date=2019-09-26 | page=3,41}}</ref>
| birth_place = Balipatana, Khordha district, Odisha
| nationality =
| occupation = Seer, poet
| genre = Mythology,Ballads
| native_name = ଶିଶୁ ଅନନ୍ତ ଦାସ
| native_name_lang = or
| notable_works = ''Hetu Udaya Bhagabata''
}}
'''Sisu Ananta Dasa''' (also spelled '''Ananta Dasa'''; {{IPA|or|sisu ɔnɔnt̪ɔ d̪aːsɔ|lang|Or-ଶିଶୁ ଅନନ୍ତ ଦାସ.wav}}; born {{circa|1475}}) was an [[Oriya poetry|Odia poet]], [[litterateur]] and mystic. He was one of the five great poets in Odia literature, the ''Panchasakha'' named Sri [[Jasobanta Dasa]], Sri [[Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]], Sri [[Balarama Dasa]] and Sri [[Achyutananda Dasa]] during the [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti age]] of literature. He is known for his work ''Hetu Udaya Bhagabata''.<ref name="Mukherjee 1981 p. 87">{{cite book | last=Mukherjee | first=P. | title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa | publisher=Asian Educational Services | year=1981 | isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA87 | access-date=2019-09-26 | page=87}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Not much is known about his early life. Some of the later writers have mentioned his parentage. Ananta was born Ananta Mohanty in Balipatana village, his father's name was Kapila Mohanty who had received the title "Mahapatra" and belonged to [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=ananta+dasa+karana&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Das 1951 p. 3 , 41"/><ref name="Mukherjee 1981 p. 86">{{cite book | last=Mukherjee | first=P. | title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa | publisher=Asian Educational Services | year=1981 | isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA86 | access-date=2019-09-26 | page=86}}</ref> He was one of the chief saints of Utkaliya [[Vaishnavism|Utkal Vaishnavism]] and propagator of the Sisu sampradaya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Das|first=Pt. Suryanarayan|title=Odia Sahityara Itihasa|publisher=Grantha Mandir|year=1976|edition=2nd|location=Cuttack|language=Odia|trans-title=History of Odia literature}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
His magnum opus was Hetu Udaya Bhāgabata. A list of his known works is as below.

* Chumbaka Malikā
* Nilagiri Charita
* Hetu Udaya Bhāgabata
* Artha Tāreni Prasnottara
* Anākāra Samhitā
* Bhaktimuktipradāyaka Gita

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Odissi music}}
{{Jagannath}}
{{Odia literature}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasa, Ananta}}
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Odia people]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Devotees of Jagannath]]
[[Category:Odissi music composers]]
[[Category:15th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:1475 births]]

Balarama Dasa

2025-03-14T09:34:38Z

The coderXE:

{{short description|Odia poet}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Balarama Dasa
| honorific_prefix = Krupasiddha Matta
| image = Bhakta Kabi Balarama Dasa.jpg
| caption = Statue of Balarama Dasa at Erabanga, his native place
| imagesize = 250
| language = [[Odia Language|Odia]]
| notableworks = [[Jagamohana Ramayana]], Lakshmi Purana
| birth_date = {{circa|1472}}
| birth_place = Puri
| nationality =
| occupation = Poet, Saint
| genre = Mythology, philosophy, yoga [[Odissi music]]
| death_date = {{circa|1556}}
| native_name = ବଳରାମ ଦାସ
| native_name_lang = or
}}
''Krupasiddha'' '''Balarama Dasa'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Satpathy|first1=Sumanyu|last2=Nayak|first2=Jatindra K.|date=2015|title="Mad" Balarama Dasa and His "Rāmāyana"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44478655|journal=Indian Literature|volume=59|issue=3 (287)|pages=10–12|jstor=44478655|issn=0019-5804}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bahinipati|first=Priyadarshi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrUqDgAAQBAJ|title=Jagamohana Ramayana. The Epic of Balarama Dasa|date=2017-02-20|publisher=Anchor Academic Publishing|isbn=978-3-96067-624-9|language=en}}</ref> (alternatively spelled ''Balaram Das''; {{IPA|or|bɔl̪ɔraːmɔ d̪aːsɔ|lang|LL-Q33810 (ori)-Prateek Pattanaik-ବଳରାମ ଦାସ.wav}}; {{circa|1474-1522}}) was a mystic seer-poet who wrote in Odia, best known as the author of the voluminous ''Jagamohana Ramayana'' or ''Dandi Ramayana''. He was one of the five great poets in [[Odia literature]], the 'Panchasakhā' named [[Ananta Dasa]], [[Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]], [[Jasobanta Dasa]] and [[Achyutananda Dasa]] during the [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti age]] of literature. He was the eldest of the five. The honorific ''Krupāsiddhā'' or ''Krupāsāgara'', meaning 'bestowed with divine grace' is used for him by tradition.<ref name="Mukherjee 1998 p. 35">{{cite book | last=Mukherjee | first=S. | title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 | publisher=Orient Longman | year=1998 | isbn=978-81-250-1453-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA35 | access-date=2019-08-27 | page=35}}</ref><ref name="St-Pierre Kar 2007 p. 171">{{cite book | last1=St-Pierre | first1=P. | last2=Kar | first2=P.C. | title=In Translation: Reflections, Refractions, Transformations | publisher=John Benjamins Pub. | series=Benjamins translation library | year=2007 | isbn=978-90-272-1679-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S37EdUramu0C&pg=PA171 | access-date=2019-08-27 | page=171}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Not much is known about his early life. From his own writings it is known that he was the son of Somanatha Mahapatra and Jamuna Debi who belonged to [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=balarama+dasa+karana&pg=PA75 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI4eAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva |date=1984 |publisher=Panchashila |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B_YdAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=The History of the Gajapati Kings of Orissa and Their Successors |date=1981 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |language=en}}</ref> Balarama Dasa hailed from an aristocratic noble family of a minister named Somanatha who belonged to Karana community, his father Somanatha was a devout follower of Lord [[Jagannath]] and raised Balarama in a religious environment, Somanatha was known by the name "Mahamantri Somanatha Mohapatra" in [[Gajapati Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Joanna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeXeEAAAQBAJ&dq=balarama+dasa+karana&pg=RA1-PR19 |title=The Two-Headed Deer: Illustrations of the Ramayana in Orissa |date=2023-12-22 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-32182-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Citaristi |first=Ileana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2J6EAAAQBAJ&dq=balarama+dasa+father+karana&pg=PT25 |title=Odissi and the Geeta Govinda |date=2022-10-06 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-78098-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&dq=balarama+dasa+mahamantri&pg=PT205 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2014-04-18 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |language=en}}</ref> Balarama Dasa also served as a minister in [[Prataparudra Deva|Prataparudra Deva's]] court and originally belonged to the village of Erabanga in Puri district.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dasa |first=Balarama |title=Bhakta Kabi Balarama Dasa Granthabali |publisher=Odisha Book Emporium |year=2017 |editor-last=Sahoo |editor-first=Dr. Niranjana |edition=1 |volume=1 |location=Cuttack, Odisha |language=or |script-title=or:ଭକ୍ତକବି ବଳରାମ ଦାସ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥାବଳୀ |trans-title=Collected works of Bhakta Kabi Balarama Dasa}}</ref> He was educated and was well versed in Sanskrit. Balarama naturally grew to be proficient in both Odia and Sanskrit.<ref name="Patnaik Parida 1996 p.">{{cite book | last1=Patnaik | first1=H.S. | last2=Parida | first2=A.N. | title=Aspects of socio-cultural life in early and medieval Orissa | publisher=DSA Programme, Post Graduate Dept. of History, Utkal University | year=1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jluAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2019-08-27 }}</ref> He became a devotee of Jagannatha.<ref name="Dalal 2014 p. 260">{{cite book | last=Dalal | first=R. | title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2014 | isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT260 | access-date=2019-08-27 | page=260}}</ref> It is speculated that he died while on a pilgrimage to Puri in Begunia village near Konark. There is a memorial for him near this village.<ref name="Dalal 2014 p. 261">{{cite book | last=Dalal | first=R. | title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide | publisher=Penguin Books Limited | year=2014 | isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT261 | access-date=2019-08-27 | page=261}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
[[File:Jagannatha triad worshipped by Balarama Dasa at Erabanga Pitha.jpg|thumb|355x355px|Jagannatha triad worshipped by the poet, Erabanga, Odisha]]
Dasa translated the Ramayana to Odia. It is also known as Jagamohana Ramayana or Dandi Ramayana. More than a translation, the work is a transcreation, as it deviates in many ways from the original. In some parts he goes against the original text and in some parts follows the original text closely and yet in some other parts he creates entirely new narratives.<ref name="St-Pierre Kar 2007 p. 171"/><ref name="Paniker Sahitya Akademi 1997 p. 401">{{cite book | last=Paniker | first=K.A. | author2=Sahitya Akademi | title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | year=1997 | isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA401 | access-date=2019-08-27 | page=401}}</ref>

He also broke new grounds by translating the Bhagabat Gita into Odia. Before this the philosophical and theological texts were not translated into Odia. Even in Odia Mahabharata by [[Sarala Das]]a, the portion containing Bhagabata Gita was omitted by the author. Balarama Dasa was subsequently persecuted by the priestly class for his translation of Bhagabata Gita.<ref name="St-Pierre Kar 2007 p. 171"/>
His other works are as below.<ref name="Dalal 2014 p. 260"/><ref name="Mukherjee 1998 p. 35"/><ref name="ReportOdisha.com 2015">{{cite web | title="Panchasakha"-Sri Balaram Das | website=ReportOdisha.com | date=2015-10-28 | url=https://reportodisha.com/panchasakha-sri-balaram-das/ | access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>

{{columns-list|* ''[[Jagamohana Ramayana]]'' (Dandi Ramayana)
* ''[[Lakshmi Purana]]''
* ''[[Bedanta Sara Gupta Gita]]''
* ''[[Gupta Gita]]''
* ''[[Amarakosa Gita]]''
* ''[[Srimad Bhagabad Gita (Odia)]]''
* ''[[Bata Abakasa]]''
* ''[[Panasa Chori]]''
* ''[[Kamala Lochana Chautisa]]''
* ''[[Birata Gita]]''
* ''[[Baula Adhyaya]]''
* ''[[Kanta Koili]]''
* ''[[Mruguni Stuti]]''
* ''[[Chhatisa Gupta Gita]]''
* ''[[Saptanga Jogasara Gita]]''
* ''[[Bhaba Samudra]]''
* ''[[Garuda Gita]]''
* ''[[Ananta Gita]]''
* ''[[Arjjuna Gita]]''
* ''[[Srabana Sara Gita]]''
* ''[[Diptisara Gita]]''
* ''[[Uddhaba Gita]]''
* ''[[Bedha Parikrama]]''
* ''[[Linga Purana]]''
* ''[[Kurala Purana]]''
* ''[[Brahma Purana]]''|colwidth=27em}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Odissi music}}
{{Jagannath}}
{{Odia literature}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasa, Jagannatha}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia people]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Devotees of Jagannath]]
[[Category:Odissi music composers]]
[[Category:Shudra Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Odia Hindu saints]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:1472 births]]
[[Category:1556 deaths]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:15th-century Hindu religious leaders]]

Ramananda Ray

2025-03-14T09:33:54Z

The coderXE:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

'''Ramananda Ray''' ([[IAST]]: Rāmānanda Rāya) lived in the Indian state of Odisha (Oḍiśā) during the latter part of the 15th century to around the middle part of the 16th century CE and was the author of the celebrated drama Jagannatha Vallabha Natakam.<ref>{{citation|last=Das |first=Hemant Kumar |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23346371 |title=The Origin of Oriya Jatra |journal=Indian Literature |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |date=January–February 2006 |volume=1 |issue=231 |pages=166–171 |jstor=23346371 |access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=ramananda+raya&pg=PT393 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref>

He was the son of Bhavananda Ray Patnaik, a resident of the village of Bentapur adjacent to Alalanatha ([[Brahmagiri, Odisha|Brahmagiri]]) about 12 miles west of [[Puri]], Odisha. Bhavananda Ray Patnaik was the [[Samanta]] (chief) of Bentapur village near [[Chilika Lake]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WM8XAAAAIAAJ&q=bhavananda+ray+patnaik |title=History of the Chaitanya Faith in Orissa |date=1979 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-0-8364-0547-7 |language=en}}</ref> Their family came from an aristocratic background and belonged to [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mallik |first=Basanta Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOnZAAAAMAAJ&q=gopinath+badajena |title=Paradigms of Dissent and Protest: Social Movements in Eastern India, C. AD 1400-1700 |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-522-6 |language=en}}</ref> Ramananda Raya had four brothers named Gopinatha Badajena (Governor of [[Midnapore]]), Kalanidhi, Sudhanidhi, and Vaninatha Nayaka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Prabhupāda |first1=A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami |title=CC Ādi 10.134, verse and purport. |url=http://www.vedabase.com/en/cc/adi/10/134 |website=Vedabase.com |accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref> Ramananda Raya and his brother Gopinatha Badajena were governors in [[Gajapati Empire]] from the year 1497 to 1540 CE, Ramananda Raya was the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]] with his capital in [[Rajahmundry]] on the bank of the [[Godavari]] river.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mallik |first=Basanta Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOnZAAAAMAAJ&q=gopinath+badajena |title=Paradigms of Dissent and Protest: Social Movements in Eastern India, C. AD 1400-1700 |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-522-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitiri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA31 |title=Women Pioneers In Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahtab |first=Harekrushna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSj8395b_WMC&q=ramananda+raya |title=The History of Orissa |date=1959 |publisher=Prajatantra Prachar Samity |language=en}}</ref> Governors in [[Gajapati Empire]] were designated as "Rajas" also known as "Parikshas" of their territory, [[Prataparudra Deva]] had appointed Ramananda Raya as the [[Raja]] of Rajahmundry in Gajapati Empire during his reign.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mallik |first=Basanta Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zpuAAAAMAAJ&q=ramananda+raya+elephant |title=Medieval Orissa: Literature, Society, Economy, Circa 1500-1600 A.D. |date=1996 |publisher=Mayur Publications |language=en}}</ref> Rajahmundry was the capital of southern Odisha in Gajapati Empire, Ramananda Raya ruled the southern territories from his capital at Rajahmundry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA31 |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref>

Ramananda Ray was also a temple administrator of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] during [[Prataparudra Deva|Prataparudra Deva's]] regime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Citaristi |first=Ileana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2J6EAAAQBAJ&dq=ramananda+raya+temple+administrator&pg=PT24 |title=Odissi and the Geeta Govinda |date=2022-10-06 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-78098-7 |language=en}}</ref> Ramananda Raya after retiring from his position as the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]] took along with him his large retinue of elephants, horses and soldiers positioned in [[Rajahmundry]] to [[Puri]] where he retired as the chief temple administrator of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prime |first=Ranchor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73yqEAAAQBAJ&dq=ramananda+raya+elephant&pg=PT167 |title=The Birth of Kirtan: The Life & Teachings of Chaitanya |date=2023-06-20 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=979-8-88762-053-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Bihar Research |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSXGAAAAMAAJ&q=ramananda+raya+elephant |title=The Journal of the Bihar Research Society |date=1945 |publisher=Bihar Research Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Citaristi |first=Ileana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2J6EAAAQBAJ&dq=ramananda+raya+temple+administrator&pg=PT24 |title=Odissi and the Geeta Govinda |date=2022-10-06 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-78098-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gaudiyadarshan.com/posts/the-example-of-ramananda-ray/ The Example of Ramananda Ray]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raya, Sri Ramananda}}
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:People from Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

{{India-bio-stub}}

Anubhav Mohanty

2025-03-14T09:27:03Z

The coderXE: Link removed

{{Short description|Odia actor and politician (born 1981)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anubhav Mohanty
| image = Anubhav Mohanty.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]], India
| education = Christ College, [[Cuttack]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|politician|producer}}
| years_active = 2004–present
| father = Abhaya Kumar Mohanty
| mother = Madhusmita Mohanty
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Barsha Priyadarshini]]|2014|2023|end=div.}}
{{marriage|Jagrati Shukla|2025}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Delhi Confidential: Closure for BJD MP Anubhav Mohanty, and his next cause | website=The Indian Express | date=December 26, 2023 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/delhi-confidential/orissa-high-court-bjd-anubhav-mohanty-divorce-9082690/ | access-date=March 4, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Anubhav Mohanty Divorce Decree: Orissa High Court Ruling | website=The Times of India | date=December 22, 2023 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/cuttack/anubhav-mohanty-divorce-decree-orissa-high-court-ruling/articleshow/106197751.cms | access-date=March 4, 2024}}</ref>
| children =
| works = [[#Filmography|List]]
| awards = [[#Honours and awards|List]]
| signature =
| honours =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| otherparty = [[Biju Janata Dal]] (April 2013 – March 2024)<ref>{{cite news| title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Anubhav Mohanty joins BJP just days after quitting BJD | work=Financialexpress | date=April 1, 2024 | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024nbspanubhav-mohanty-joins-bjp-just-days-after-quitting-bjdnbspnbsp/3443087/ | access-date=April 4, 2024}}</ref>
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed =yes
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| term_start = 23 May 2019
| term_end = March 2024
| predecessor = [[Baijayant Panda]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]]
| term_start1 = 13 June 2014
| term_end1 = 22 May 2019
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
}}
}}

'''Anubhav Mohanty''' (born 24 December 1981<ref>{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=Arihant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBrzDwAAQBAJ&q=Anubhav+Mohanty+born |title=Know Your State Odisha |date=2019-06-04 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-131-9327-2 |pages=176 |language=en |quote=Anubhav Mohanty was born on 24th December, 1981 in Cuttack district.}}</ref>) is an Indian actor, politician, film producer, television personality and social activist who is known for his work majorly in [[Odia language|Odia]] language films. Mohanty has also worked in [[Bengal]]i films. Mohanty has a large fan following, especially in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041202/asp/nation/story_4075790.asp |title=Tolly pretty faces for Oriya film revival |author=Mohanty, Debabrata |work=The Telegraph (India) |access-date=24 October 2008 |location=Calcutta, India |date=2 December 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526003631/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041202/asp/nation/story_4075790.asp |archive-date=26 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Movie career==
Anubhav Mohanty started his career by first appearing in Odia music videos before debuting in the [[Odia cinema]] in the 2004 film ''[[I Love You (2005 Odia film)|I Love You]]'' opposite [[Namrata Thapa]]. He had two other releases the same year, ''[[Saathire]]'' and ''Barsha My Darling''. Afterwards, a number of his films such as ''[[Nei Jare Megha Mote]]'' (2008), ''[[Suna Chadhei Mo Rupa Chadhei]]'' (2009), ''[[Akashe Ki Ranga Lagila]]'' (2009), Abhimanyu (2009), Ama Bhitare Kichhi Achhi (2010), Diwana (2010), Kiese Dakuchhi Kouthi Mate (2011), ''[[Balunga Toka]]'' (2011), ''Something Something'' (2012), Matric Fail (2012), ACP Ranveer (2012), ''[[Mo Duniya Tu Hi Tu]]'' (2013), ''[[Haata Dhari Chaaluthaa]]'' (2013), Kehi Jane Bhala Lagere (2013), ''[[Something Something 2]]'' (2014), ''[[Gapa Hele bi Sata]]'' (2015), ''[[Agastya (film)|Agastya]]'' (2016), ''[[Abhaya (film)|Abhaya]]'' (2017), ''[[Kabula Barabula]]'' (2017), ''[[Prem Kumar: Salesman of the year]]'' (2018) were commercially successful.

In 2012, after the success of [[Balunga Toka]], he created his own production house named Vishnupriyaa Arts & Graphics. The movie ''Something Something'' was the biggest hit of 2012. Mohanty made his debut in the [[Bengali language|Bengali film industry]] with the movie ''Saathi Amaar'' opposite [[Rachana Banerjee]] in a special appearance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.welcomeorissa.com/oriya_film_industry.php |title=Wel Come To Orissa {{!}} About Orissa, Orissa Culture, Odissi, Oriya Songs, Purely Soul & Image of Orissa |publisher=welcomeorissa.com |access-date=24 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223053546/http://www.welcomeorissa.com/oriya_film_industry.php |archive-date=23 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.fullodisha.com/category/odia-celebrities/ |title=Orissa Film Celebrity |publisher=movies.fullodisha.com |access-date=24 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327054208/http://movies.fullodisha.com/category/odia-celebrities/ |archive-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2019, Anubhav Mohanty starred in his most expensive [[Odia language|Odia]] movie, ''[[Biju Babu]]'', produced by [[Nila Madhab Panda]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/panda---s-movie----biju-babu----released.html |title=Panda Releases Biju Babu |work=Daily Pioneer |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> which did not do as well as expected at the box office due to some political controversy.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

==Political career==
On 27 April 2013, he joined the regional political party [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mohanty |first1=Subhasish |last2=Panda |first2=Namita |title=Reel hero courts BJD – Chief minister inducts Anubhav Mohanty into party |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130428/jsp/odisha/story_16835453.jsp |work=The Telegraph |access-date=12 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129050747/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130428/jsp/odisha/story_16835453.jsp#.U5mqSnaiOPA |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was elected to [[Rajya Sabha]] uncontested in June 2014 and is the youngest parliamentarian of [[Rajya Sabha|Rajyasabha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha: Anubhav Mohanty elected to Rajya Sabha uncontested and He has 1st most young parliamentarian of Rajyasabha still today |url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=50747 |publisher=OdishaDiary |access-date=12 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129143837/http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=50747 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 23 May 2019, he was elected as the [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)]] by beating the previously elected [[Baijayant Panda]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/kendrapara-lok-sabha-result-anubhav-mohanty-wins-1533364-2019-05-24 |title=Kendrapara Lok Sabha results 2019: Anubhav Mohanty wins with over 6.5 lakh votes, BJD set for a comeback |work=India Today |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226081028/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/kendrapara-lok-sabha-result-anubhav-mohanty-wins-1533364-2019-05-24 |archive-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>

===Rajya Sabha===

====2014====
{{See also|2014 Indian Rajya Sabha elections}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Previous MP
! Previous party
! Elected MP
! Elected party
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[Renubala Pradhan]]
| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| Anubhav Mohanty
| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|}

===Lok Sabha===

====2019====
{{See also|2019 Indian general election in Odisha}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Constituency
! Turnout<ref name="eciturnout">[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/9997-final-voter-turnout-of-phase-1-and-phase-2-of-the-lok-sabha-elections-2019/ Final voter turnout of Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Lok Sabha Elections 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420193034/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/9997-final-voter-turnout-of-phase-1-and-phase-2-of-the-lok-sabha-elections-2019/ |date=20 April 2019 }}, The Election Commission of India (20 April 2019, updated 4 May 2019)</ref>
! Elected member
! Party
! Runner-up
! Party
! Margin
|-
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|72.23 {{decrease}}
|Anubhav Mohanty
|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|[[Baijayant Panda]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|152584
|}
'''2024'''

March 30, 2024, Anubhav Mohanty resigned from the Biju Janata Dal ([[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]), citing personal reasons and a desire to continue serving the nation. In his resignation letter to BJD supremo [[Naveen Patnaik]], he mentioned feeling ''"suffocated over the past four years"'' within the party.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJD MP, two former-MLAs quit regional party |archive-url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/odisha-bjd-mp-two-former-mlas-quit-regional-party/article68009212.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kendrapara MP Anubhav Mohanty resigns from BJD |url=https://kalingatv.com/odisha/kendrapara-mp-anubhav-mohanty-resigns-from-bjd/ |work=Kalinga TV}}</ref> Shortly after, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) at the party's headquarters in [[New Delhi]] in April 1, 2024,<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJD's Lok Sabha MP Anubhav Mohanty joins BJP |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjds-lok-sabha-mp-anubhav-mohanty-joins-bjp/articleshow/108942710.cms |work=Economic Times}}</ref> praising Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s leadership and vision. He stated that his decision was driven by his admiration for Modi's dynamic governance and his belief in the BJP's developmental agenda ahead of the 2024 general elections.<ref>{{Cite news |title="Inspired by dynamism of PM Modi," BJD MP Anubhav Mohanty joins BJP |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/inspired-by-dynamism-of-pm-modi-bjd-mp-anubhav-mohanty-joins-bjp20240401224527/ |work=ANI}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

* ''All films are in [[Odia language|Odia]], unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |2004
|''[[I Love You (2004 film)|I Love You]]''
|Sanjay
|Debut film
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/jan/17/he-starts-donning-different-hats-330907.html |title=He starts donning different hats |website=The New Indian Express |date=17 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Topae Sindoora Di Topa Luha]]''
|Gourav
|
|
|-
|''[[Saathire]]''
|Raju Mahapatra
|
|
|-
|''[[Nayak Nuhen Khalnayak]]''
|Akash Mahanty
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2005 ||''[[Priya Mo Priya]]''
|Raja
|
|
|-
|[[Varsham (2004 film)|''Barsa My Darling'']]
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Prathama Prema]]''
|Sandip Mahapatra
|
|
|-
|''[[Arjuna]]''
| Arjun Mohanty
|
|
|-
|''[[Premi No.1]]''
| Rohit
|
|
|-
|''[[Saathi Amaar]]''
|
|Bengali film
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006 ||''[[Thank U Bhagban]]''
| Jaga / Kalia
|Dual role
|
|-
|''Sarthapor''
|
| rowspan="3" |Bengali film
|
|-
|''[[Eri Naam Prem]]''
|Akash
|
|-
|''[[Jibon Saathi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007||''[[Mahanayak]]''
|Rohit Rai
|
|
|-
|''[[Kalishankar]]''
| Shankar
|Bengali-Odia film
|
|-
|''[[To Bina Mo Kahani Adhaa]]''
|Arun
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2008||''[[Dhana Re Rakhibu Sapatha Mora]]''
|Shankar
|
|
|-
|''[[Chup Kie Aasuchhi]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Mate Ta Love Helare]]''
| Akash
|
|
|-
|[[''Chatti Chiri Dele Tu'']]
| Mahaveer
|
|
|-
|''[[Munna-A Love Story]]''
| Munna
|
|
|-
|''[[Aa Janhare Lekhiba Naa]]''
|Om
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2009||''[[Nei Jaa Re Megha Mate]]''
|Raju / Rahul
|
|
|-
|''[[Suna Chadhei Mo Rupa Chadhei]]''
|Raj
|25th film
|
|-
|''[[Akashe Ki Ranga Lagila]]''
| Akash
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/aug/26/meet-archita-the-bubbly-actress-284933.html |title=Meet Archita, the bubbly actress |website=The New Indian Express |date=26 August 2011}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Saata Sure Bandha Ae Jibana]]''
|Raj
|
|
|-
|''[[Abhimanyu]]''
| Abhimanyu Samanth
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2009/nov/13/pagala-karichhi-paunji-tora-103464.html |title=Pagala karichhi paunji tora |website=The New Indian Express |date=13 November 2009}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2010 ||''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]''
|Shanu
|
|
|-
|''[[Aama Bhitare Kichhi Achhi]]''
|Sidharth Rai
|
|
|-
|''[[Mu Kana Ete Kharap]]''
|Kanha
|
|
|-
|''[[Kadhalil Vizhunthen|Deewana]]''
|Dilu Patnaik
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/double-honour-for-babushan-state-film-awards-2010-announced-newcomer-riya-bags-best-actress-award/cid/475993 |title=Double honour for Babushan - State film Awards 2010 announced, newcomer Riya bags Best Actress award |website=The Telegraph (India) |date=12 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011||''[[Most Wanted (2011 film)|Most Wanted]]''
| Baba / Abhaya Mohanty
|Dual role
|
|-
|''[[Kiese Dakuchhi Kouthi Mote]]''
|Abhijeet
|
|
|-
|''[[Balunga Toka]]''
| Chiku
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/iamprsquom-aiming-for-8-packs-anubhav-mohanty/articleshow/10968526.cms |title=I'm aiming for 8 packs: Anubhav Mohanty |website=The Times of India |date=11 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012|| [[Something Something (2012 film)|''Something Something'']]
| Sriram
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/success-bash-of-something-something/articleshow/12715282.cms |title=Success bash of 'Something Something' |website=The Times of India |date=9 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Matric Fail]]''
| Chiku
|
|
|-
|[[''ACP Ranveer'']]
| ACP Ranveer Singh
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013 ||''[[Mo Duniya Tu Hi Tu]]''
|Hira
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2013/mar/10/the-remake-raja-of-odia-cinema-457134.html |title=The remake Raja of Odia cinema |website=The New Indian Express |date=10 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Haata Dhari Chaaluthaa]]''
| Sai
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2013/dec/27/nothing-to-cheer-about-556238.html |title=Nothing to Cheer About |website=The New Indian Express |date=27 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kehi Jane Bhala Lagere]]''
|Prince Mahapatra
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014 ||''[[Something Something 2]]''
| Sriram
|
|<ref name="newindianexpress_698378">{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/states/odisha/2014/dec/26/no-hits-few-to-remember-698378.html |title=No Hits, Few to Remember |website=newindianexpress.co |date=26 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|''Mental''
| Romeo
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015||''[[Gapa Hele Bi Sata (2015 film)|Gapa Hele Bi Sata]]''
| Akash
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/2015-is-not-a-memorable-ollywood-story-to-be-told/articleshow/50389304.cms |title=2015 is not a memorable Ollywood story to be told | Bhubaneswar News - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=31 December 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jaga Hatare Pagha]]''
| Krishna / Jaga
|Dual role
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/deluge-of-movies-hit-ollywood-in-2015.html |title=Deluge of movies hit Ollywood in 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016 ||''[[Gote Sua Gote Sari]]''
| Lalatendu Barik / Lalua
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/stars-fight-to-grab-eyeballs-on-raja/cid/1506251 |title=Stars fight to grab eyeballs on Raja}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Agastya (film)|Agastya]]''
| Agastya
|
|
|-
| ''[[Baby (2016 film)|Baby]]''
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mycitylinks.in/2016-neither-memorable-nor-a-forgettable-year-for-ollywood/?amp |title=2016: Neither Memorable nor a Forgettable Year for Ollywood |date=17 January 2003}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017 || ''[[Abhaya (film)|Abhaya]]''
| Abhaya
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kabula Barabula]]''
| Kabula
|50th Film
|
|-
|2018 || ''[[Prem Kumar: Salesman of the Year]]''
| Prem Kumar
|
|
|-
|2019 || ''[[Biju Babu]]''
|Babu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023 || ''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)|Love in London]]''
|Prem
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024|| ''Bigul''
|
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Kuhudi]]''
|Anshuman Pattnaik
|
|
|-
| ''Karma - When Destiny Strikes Back''
|Amar Pattnaik
|
|
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Ref(s)
|-
|rowspan=2| 2010 || ''[[Akashe Ki Ranga Lagila]]'' || Annual Banichitra Cine Awards || Best Actor (Male) || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Reason to rejoice, celebrating diamond jubilee |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2010/jun/11/reason-to-rejoice-celebrating-diamond-jubilee-122653.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701213351/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2010/jun/11/reason-to-rejoice-celebrating-diamond-jubilee-122653.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=11 June 2010 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Abhimanyu'' || [[Tarang Cine Awards]] || Best Actor (Male) || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=More awards for entertainment industry |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2010/jun/18/more-awards-for-entertainment-industry-124351.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701213349/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2010/jun/18/more-awards-for-entertainment-industry-124351.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=18 June 2010 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| 2011 || ''[[Akashe Ki Ranga Lagila]]'' || [[Odisha State Film Awards]] || [[Odisha State Film Awards#Odisha State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Jayadev Award goes to Sadhu Meher, Mahashweta |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2011/aug/06/jayadev-award-goes-to-sadhu-meher-mahashweta-278931.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=6 August 2011 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Starry Nite marks state film awards |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/starry-nite-marks-state-film-awards-391100.html |publisher=[[CNN-News18]] |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''Diwana'' || [[Etv Oriya Film Awards|Etv Odia Film Awards]] || [[Etv Oriya Film Awards#2nd Etv Oriya Film Awards 2011|Best Actor]] || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.fullorissa.com/etv-odia-film-award-2011-winners/ |title=ETV Oriya film award 2011 winners |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110421002349/http://news.fullorissa.com/etv-odia-film-award-2011-winners/ |archive-date=21 April 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4| 2012 ||rowspan=4| ''[[Balunga Toka]]'' || [[Tarang Cine Awards]] || Best Actor (Male) || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=TARANG CINE AWARDS 2012 WINNERS |url=http://incredibleorissa.com/oriyafilms/tarang-cine-awards-2012-winners-best-film-actor-actress-director/ |publisher=Incredible Orissa |date=12 March 2012 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| [[Etv Oriya Film Awards|Etv Odia Film Awards]] || [[Etv Oriya Film Awards#3rd Etv Oriya Film Awards 2012|Best Actor]] || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title='Balunga Toka' best film, Anubhav best actor |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/mar/13/balunga-toka-best-film-anubhav-best-actor-348567.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=13 March 2012 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Lalchand Entertainment Awards || Best Actor || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalchand Entertainment Awards to be aired today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/jun/10/lalchand-entertainment-awards-to-be-aired-today-375827.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=13 March 2012 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| Odisha Film Fair Awards || Best Actor || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Star studded Film Fair awards |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/dec/14/star-studded-film-fair-awards-433779.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || ''Something Something'' ||rowspan=2| [[Tarang Cine Awards]] ||rowspan=2| Best Actor (Male) || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=TARANG CINE AWARDS 2013 WINNERS |url=http://incredibleorissa.com/oriyafilms/tarang-cine-awards-2013/ |publisher=Incredible Orissa |date=4 March 2013 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3| 2014 ||rowspan=2| ''[[Haata Dhari Chaaluthaa]]'' || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=TARANG CINE AWARDS 2014 WINNERS |url=http://incredibleorissa.com/tarang-cine-awards-2014/ |publisher=Incredible Orissa |date=10 March 2014 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Filmfare Awards East]] ||rowspan=2| [[1st Filmfare Awards East#Odia cinema|Best Actor (Male)]] || {{nom}}
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominations for the Best Actor (Oriya) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-best-actor-oriya-5708.html |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Filmfare Award 2013 – East Odia Film Nominations |url=https://odialive.com/filmfare-award-2013-east-odia-film-nominations/ |publisher=OdiaLive |date=29 March 2014 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mo Duniya Tu Hi Tu]]'' || {{nom}}
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Something Something 2]]'' ||rowspan=2| [[Tarang Cine Awards]] || Best Actor (Male) || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=6TH TARANG CINE AWARDS 2015 WINNERS |url=https://incredibleorissa.com/6th-tarang-cine-awards-2015/ |publisher=Incredible Orissa |date=22 March 2015 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Abhaya (film)|Abhaya]]'' || Star Entertainer of the Year || {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=9th Tarang Cine Awards - Full Details |url=https://www.odishafiles.in/2018/04/9th-tarang-cine-awards-full-details.html |publisher=Odisha Files |date=2 April 2018 |access-date=1 July 2022 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522095838/https://www.odishafiles.in/2018/04/9th-tarang-cine-awards-full-details.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

===Other awards, nominations, and recognitions===
* 2004–05: Rajiv Gandhi Pratibha Samman

== Marital Life ==
Anubhav married actress Varsha Priyadarshini on January 8, 2014, in a grand ceremony attended by family, friends, and industry colleagues. The couple initially appeared to have a strong relationship, often sharing their experiences on social media.

However, their marital life faced significant challenges when Varsha filed a domestic violence case against Anubhav in 2020, alleging harassment.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Varsha Priyadarshini files fresh case against Kendrapara MP Anubhav Mohanty |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/Dec/20/varsha-priyadarshini-files-fresh-case-against-kendrapara-mp-anubhav-mohanty-2238693.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Domestic violence, dowry case lodged against BJD MP Anubhav Mohanty after wife files complaint |archive-url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/domestic-violence-dowry-case-lodged-against-bjd-mp-anubhav-mohanty-after-wife-files-complaint-1751402-2020-12-20 |work=India Today}}</ref> In response, Anubhav filed for divorce in July 2020, leading to a highly publicized legal battle.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJD MP Anubhav Mohanty breaks silence, says filed divorce in July |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/Sep/07/bjd-mp-anubhav-mohanty-breaks-silence-says-filed-divorce-in-july-2193545.html |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BJD MP Anubhav Mohanty moves Delhi court seeking divorce |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bjd-mp-anubhav-mohanty-moves-delhi-court-seeking-divorce-883855.html |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> The couple's disputes have been widely reported in the media, including court orders that restricted them from making public comments about each other.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Orissa high court restricts Biju Janta Dal MP Anubhav Mohanty from commenting against actress Varsha Priyadarshini |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/cuttack/orissa-high-court-restricts-biju-janta-dal-mp-anubhav-mohanty-from-commenting-against-actress-varsha/articleshow/91849074.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anubhav Mohanty}}
* {{IMDb name|3373484}}
*[http://www.anubhavmohanty.in AnubhavMohanty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212132740/https://anubhavmohanty.in/ |date=12 December 2021 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924055901/http://www.ollywoodmaza.com/odia-celebrities/anubhav-mohanty-oriya-actor-biography Anubhav Mohanty at Ollywood Maza]
* [https://apnafilms.com/top-actors-from-eastern-region-cinemas/ Anubhav Mohanty], one of the most successful actor in East India
*[https://www.odiafilm.in/2021/07/ollywood-superstar-anubhav-mohanty.html?/ Anubhav Mohanty Biography In Odia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822035017/https://www.odiafilm.in/2021/07/ollywood-superstar-anubhav-mohanty.html?/ |date=22 August 2021 }}

{{17th LS members from Odisha}}
{{Rajya Sabha Members from Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanty, Anubhav}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Male actors from Odisha]]
[[Category:Male actors in Odia cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]

Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

2025-03-13T06:40:49Z

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Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

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Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

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{{Short description|Politician from Odisha, India (1927–2015)}}
{{About|the politician|the sinologist and translator|Janaki Ballabh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
| office = 25th [[List of Governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| image = J B Pattnaik, Governor of Assam.jpg
| caption = Patnaik in 2009
| predecessor = [[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
| successor = [[Padmanabha Acharya]]
| predecessor1 = [[Biju Patnaik]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| order1 = 11th
| office1 = Chief Minister of Odisha
| predecessor2 = [[Nilamani Routray]]
| successor2 = [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| successor1 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|01|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puri district|Rameshwar]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2015|04|21|1927|01|03}}
| death_place = [[Tirupati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| parents = Gokulananda Patnaik (father)
| spouse = [[Jayanti Patnaik]]
| children = Pruthvi Ballabh Patnaik (son) Sudatta Patnaik (daughter) Supriya Patnaik (daughter)
| relatives = [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]] (son in law)
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Ravenshaw University]]|[[Utkal University]]|[[Banaras Hindu University]]}}
| blank1 = Awards
| data1 =
| website = {{Official website|http://online.assam.gov.in/governors-page}}
| term_start = 11 December 2009
| term_end = 10 December 2014
| term_start2 = 9 June 1980
| term_end2 = 7 December 1989
| term_start1 = 15 March 1995
| term_end1 = 17 February 1999
| office8 = Union Minister of Tourism, Civil Aviation and Labour
| term_start8 = 16 January 1980
| term_end8 = 7 June 1980
| office9 = President of Indian Youth Congress, Odisha state unit
| term_start9 = 1950
| term_end9 = n/a
}}

'''Janaki Ballabh Patnaik''' (3 January 1927 – 21 April 2015) was an Indian politician who had been 25th [[Governor of Assam]] from 2009 to 2014.<ref name="death" /> A leader of the [[Indian National Congress]], he was [[Chief Minister]] of [[Odisha]] from 1980 to 1989 and again from 1995 to 1999, holding that post for the longest time on record before [[Naveen Patnaik]]. In 1950, he became the President of the Odisha state unit of the youth wing of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. In 1980, he became the Union Minister for Tourism, Civil Aviation and Labour from 16 January to 7 June.

==Personal Life==
He was born in a humble [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His father Gokulananda Patnaik was a reputed writer and teacher.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-23 |title=Family keeps away from politics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/family-keeps-away-from-politics/articleshow/47020373.cms |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He married to [[Jayanti Patnaik]] in 1953, a four-time Member of Parliament and first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]].<ref>{{Citation |title=National Commission for Women |date=2025-03-11 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_Women |access-date=2025-03-12 |language=en}}</ref> He completed his schooling from Khurda High School, he graduated in Sanskrit (Honours) from [[Utkal University]] in 1947 and received his Master's Degree in Political Science from the [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janaki Ballava Patnaik |url=https://www.odishaestore.com/writer-janaki-ballava-patnaik?srsltid=AfmBOoqIaKuOa3ia43weMbaTcZRchII_WZg8MosESLvpaLq1FvFo7t2O |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Odisha E Store |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversy ==

He was involved in the [[Anjana Mishra rape case]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://appiusforum.net/anjana_mishra.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312155423/http://appiusforum.net/anjana_mishra.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 March 2010|title=My story BY ANJANA MISHRA|date=7 February 1999|work=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/System-insensitive-says-rape-victim/articleshow/1905236.cms? |title=System insensitive, says rape victim
|author=Nilanjana Bhaduri Jha|date= 18 August 2006|work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:JB Patnaik.jpg|thumb|left|Janaki Patnaik's statue in JB Patnaik memorial park, Khordha.]]
He died on Tuesday, 21 April 2015, aged 88 at [[Tirupati]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. On Monday, 20 April 2015, he had gone to attend the convocation of [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]], of which he was chancellor, and also visited the Lord [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425053911/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-21/news/61378999_1_naveen-patnaik-prime-minister-narendra-modi-janaki-ballabh-patnaik Former Odisha CM J B Patnaik passes away at 89]}}</ref><ref>[http://odishachannel.com/index.php/4095/janaki-ballabh-patnaik-cremated-in-puri/ Janaki Ballabh Patnaik cremated in Puri]</ref><ref name="death">{{cite news|title=PM Modi condoles the Death of former Orissa CM Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/pm-modi-condoles-the-death-of-former-orissa-cm-janaki-ballabh-patnaik/|access-date=21 April 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|date=21 April 2015}}</ref> Later in the night, he complained of severe chest pain and was subsequently shifted to Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) where he died at around 3:00 am. on 21 April. He leaves behind a legacy of having translated the [[Mahabharata]], the [[Ramayana]] and the [[Bhagavad Gita]] into his mother tongue, as he was a Sanskrit-Odia scholar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Former Assam Governor J.B. Patnaik passes away|url=http://www.myinfoindia.com/odisha-cm-j-b-patnaik-passes-away/|newspaper=myinfoindia|date=21 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Janaki Ballabh Patnaik}}
*[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990220/ipo20039.html The Indian Express on Patnaik's marginalisation]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040729124515/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/13/stories/2004041301161300.htm Q & A : J.B. Patnaik]}} The Hindu
*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/assam-governor-jb-patnaik-passes-away-in-tirupati/ Assam Governor JB Patnaik passes away in Tirupati] Indian Express
*[http://www.assamtimes.org/node/12549 Farewell to JB Patnaik]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
| title=[[List of Governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| years=2009-2014
| after= [[Padmanabha Acharya]]
}}
{{Succession box
|before= [[Nilamani Routray]](1st term) [[Biju Pattanaik]](3rd term)
|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
|years=9 June 1980 to 7 December 1989 (1st & 2nd term) 15 March 1995 to 17 February 1999 (3rd term)
|after= [[Hemananda Biswal]](2nd term) [[Giridhar Gamang]](3rd term)
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Janaki Ballabh}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Odisha]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Governors of Assam]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:People from Tirupati]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Labour ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]

Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

2025-03-13T05:25:47Z

The coderXE: Content added

Janaki Ballabh Patnaik

2025-03-12T21:23:13Z

The coderXE:

{{Short description|Politician from Odisha, India (1927–2015)}}
{{About|the politician|the sinologist and translator|Janaki Ballabh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
| office = 25th [[List of Governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| image = J B Pattnaik, Governor of Assam.jpg
| caption = Patnaik in 2009
| predecessor = [[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
| successor = [[Padmanabha Acharya]]
| predecessor1 = [[Biju Patnaik]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| order1 = 11th
| office1 = Chief Minister of Odisha
| predecessor2 = [[Nilamani Routray]]
| successor2 = [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| successor1 = [[Giridhar Gamang]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|01|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puri district|Rameshwar]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2015|04|21|1927|01|03}}
| death_place = [[Tirupati]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| parents = Gokulananda Patnaik (father)
| spouse = [[Jayanti Patnaik]]
| children = Pruthvi Ballabh Patnaik (son) Sudatta Patnaik (daughter) Supriya Patnaik (daughter)
| relatives = [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]] (son in law)
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Ravenshaw University]]|[[Utkal University]]|[[Banaras Hindu University]]}}
| blank1 = Awards
| data1 =
| website = {{Official website|http://online.assam.gov.in/governors-page}}
| term_start = 11 December 2009
| term_end = 10 December 2014
| term_start2 = 9 June 1980
| term_end2 = 7 December 1989
| term_start1 = 15 March 1995
| term_end1 = 17 February 1999
| office8 = Union Minister of Tourism, Civil Aviation and Labour
| term_start8 = 16 January 1980
| term_end8 = 7 June 1980
| office9 = President of Indian Youth Congress, Odisha state unit
| term_start9 = 1950
| term_end9 = n/a
}}

'''Janaki Ballabh Patnaik''' (3 January 1927 – 21 April 2015) was an Indian politician who had been 25th [[Governor of Assam]] from 2009 to 2014.<ref name="death" /> A leader of the [[Indian National Congress]], he was [[Chief Minister]] of [[Odisha]] from 1980 to 1989 and again from 1995 to 1999, holding that post for the longest time on record before [[Naveen Patnaik]]. In 1950, he became the President of the Odisha state unit of the youth wing of the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]. In 1980, he became the Union Minister for Tourism, Civil Aviation and Labour from 16 January to 7 June.

==Personal Life==
He was born in a humble [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His father Gokulananda Patnaik was a reputed writer and teacher.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-23 |title=Family keeps away from politics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/family-keeps-away-from-politics/articleshow/47020373.cms |access-date=2025-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He married to [[Jayanti Patnaik]] in 1953, a four-time Member of Parliament and first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]].<ref>{{Citation |title=National Commission for Women |date=2025-03-11 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Commission_for_Women |access-date=2025-03-12 |language=en}}</ref> He completed his schooling from Khurda High School, he graduated in Sanskrit (Honours) from [[Utkal University]] in 1947 and received his Master's Degree in Political Science from the [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janaki Ballava Patnaik |url=https://www.odishaestore.com/writer-janaki-ballava-patnaik?srsltid=AfmBOoqIaKuOa3ia43weMbaTcZRchII_WZg8MosESLvpaLq1FvFo7t2O |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Odisha E Store |language=en}}</ref>

== Controversy ==

He was involved in the [[Anjana Mishra rape case]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://appiusforum.net/anjana_mishra.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312155423/http://appiusforum.net/anjana_mishra.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=12 March 2010|title=My story BY ANJANA MISHRA|date=7 February 1999|work=The Week}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/System-insensitive-says-rape-victim/articleshow/1905236.cms? |title=System insensitive, says rape victim
|author=Nilanjana Bhaduri Jha|date= 18 August 2006|work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Death==
[[File:JB Patnaik.jpg|thumb|left|Janaki Patnaik's statue in JB Patnaik memorial park, Khordha.]]
He died on Tuesday, 21 April 2015, aged 88 at [[Tirupati]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. On Monday, 20 April 2015, he had gone to attend the convocation of [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]], of which he was chancellor, and also visited the Lord [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425053911/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-04-21/news/61378999_1_naveen-patnaik-prime-minister-narendra-modi-janaki-ballabh-patnaik Former Odisha CM J B Patnaik passes away at 89]}}</ref><ref>[http://odishachannel.com/index.php/4095/janaki-ballabh-patnaik-cremated-in-puri/ Janaki Ballabh Patnaik cremated in Puri]</ref><ref name="death">{{cite news|title=PM Modi condoles the Death of former Orissa CM Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/pm-modi-condoles-the-death-of-former-orissa-cm-janaki-ballabh-patnaik/|access-date=21 April 2015|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|date=21 April 2015}}</ref> Later in the night, he complained of severe chest pain and was subsequently shifted to Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) where he died at around 3:00 am. on 21 April. He leaves behind a legacy of having translated the [[Mahabharata]], the [[Ramayana]] and the [[Bhagavad Gita]] into his mother tongue, as he was a Sanskrit-Odia scholar.<ref>{{cite news|title=Former Assam Governor J.B. Patnaik passes away|url=http://www.myinfoindia.com/odisha-cm-j-b-patnaik-passes-away/|newspaper=myinfoindia|date=21 April 2015|access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Janaki Ballabh Patnaik}}
*[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990220/ipo20039.html The Indian Express on Patnaik's marginalisation]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040729124515/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/13/stories/2004041301161300.htm Q & A : J.B. Patnaik]}} The Hindu
*[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/assam-governor-jb-patnaik-passes-away-in-tirupati/ Assam Governor JB Patnaik passes away in Tirupati] Indian Express
*[http://www.assamtimes.org/node/12549 Farewell to JB Patnaik]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Syed Sibtey Razi]]
| title=[[List of Governors of Assam|Governor of Assam]]
| years=2009-2014
| after= [[Padmanabha Acharya]]
}}
{{Succession box
|before= [[Nilamani Routray]](1st term) [[Biju Pattanaik]](3rd term)
|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
|years=9 June 1980 to 7 December 1989 (1st & 2nd term) 15 March 1995 to 17 February 1999 (3rd term)
|after= [[Hemananda Biswal]](2nd term) [[Giridhar Gamang]](3rd term)
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Janaki Ballabh}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:Utkal University alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Odisha]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Governors of Assam]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:People from Tirupati]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Civil aviation ministers of India]]
[[Category:Labour ministers of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman]]

Karan (caste)

2025-03-12T21:03:30Z

The coderXE: Content added

{{Short description|Social community of Odisha, India}}
{{For|the same surname and title|Karanam}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name = Karan
|native_name = କରଣ
|subdivisions = Karan, Karan Vaishnav
|populated_states = [[Odisha]]
|religions = [[Hinduism]]
|languages = [[Odia language|Odia]]
|status = [[Forward caste]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajasekhar |first1=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0mOAAAAMAAJ&q=karana+caste+ |title=Affirmative Action and Political Participation: Elected Representatives in the Panchayats of Orissa |last2=Patnaik |first2=Pratyusna |last3=Manjula |first3=R. |date=2005 |publisher=Institute for Social and Economic Change |isbn=978-81-7791-122-0 |language=en}}</ref>
|related = [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmin]]
}}
The '''Karan or Karana''' is a community found in the state of [[Odisha]] in [[India]].<ref name="Pati2008">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Pati|title=Family Planning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&pg=PA116|year=2008|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0352-8|pages=116–}}</ref> The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004">{{Cite journal |last=Raut |first=L.N. |date=2004 |title=Jati Formation in Early Medieval Orissa: Reflection on Karana (Kayastha Caste) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144743 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=65|pages=304–308 |jstor=44144743 }}</ref> They held [[Karanam]] posts in some parts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], where they speak [[Odia language|Odia]] and played a similar role in Odisha to that of the [[Kayastha]]s of [[West Bengal]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="Rao1990">{{cite book|author=M. Kodanda Rao|title=Cultural and Structural Dimensions of Family: A Study of Jalari Fishermen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKhxpLqX9bsC&pg=PA34|year=1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-7022-270-5|pages=34–}}</ref> In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to [[Brahmin]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pati |first=Rabindra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5seKkk3GkIC&dq=karan+rank+next+to+brahmin&pg=PA116 |title=Family Planning |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-313-0352-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patra |first=Patitapaban |date=December 1994 |title=Archeological remains of Dhenkanal |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/118750 |journal=Utkal University, Department of History |volume=V |pages=205–206|hdl=10603/118750 }}</ref> They exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governors, military commanders, [[record keeper]]s and [[dewan]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Pramod Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GzaAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana |title=Colonialism and South Asia: Cuttack, 1803-1947 |date=2007 |publisher=R.N. Bhattacharya |isbn=978-81-87661-52-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mohanty |first1=Ramesh P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl66OPnClpoC&pg=PA40 |title=Culture, Gender and Gender Discrimination: Caste Hindu and Tribal |last2=Biswal |first2=Durgesh Nandini |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-8324-199-1 |page=40}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sircar |first=D. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ceDuDwAAQBAJ&dq=srikarana&pg=PA375 |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-4103-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYhKAQAAIAAJ&q=Sri+Karana++Mahasenapati |title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak |date=2002 |publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad |isbn=978-81-902761-5-3 |language=en}}</ref> They owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Sadasiba |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_UeAAAAMAAJ&q=athgarh+state+srikaran |title=Agrarian and Political Movements: States of Orissa, 1931 to 1949 |date=1986 |publisher=Inter-India Publications |isbn=978-81-210-0038-3 |language=en}}</ref> They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Joanna Gottfried |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22wCxbKAdmkC&dq=The+Two-headed+Deer%3A+Illustrations+of+the+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+in+Orissa&pg=PA90 |title=The Two-headed Deer: Illustrations of the Rāmāyaṇa in Orissa |date=1996-01-01 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08065-2 |language=en}}</ref> Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for 50 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>

==Origin==
===Divisions===
Karanas in Odisha are divided into various divisions, out of these divisions [[Kshatriya]] Karanas are considered superior to other divisions of Karanas.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana%20caste |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref> They are classified as Vratyas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prinsep |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q_gAAAAMAAJ&dq=ray+karan+caste&pg=RA2-PA34 |title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |date=1905 |publisher=Bishop's College Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas used to observe rituals like [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] and [[Upanayana]] in their community.<ref name=bd>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Biswarup |date=1980 |title=Kayasthas and Karanas in Orissa—A Study on Inscriptions |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141924 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=41 |pages=940–944 |jstor=44141924 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

===Medieval Period===
The frequent admission of land grants to princes, [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] and various officials gave rise to a new new class of writers. However the Karanas crystallized into a distinct caste only in the 10th or 11th century AD owning to social mobility. Any mention of the term prior to that period simply denotes its functional aspect rather than a caste affiliation.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004"/>

==Social status==
'''Medieval Period'''

Karanas alongwith [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmins]] feature in the 10th century inscriptions of [[Odisha]] and are represented as heads of the local population. Such depiction denotes their high social rank.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Brahmana+Karana+-+Puroga+-+nivasi |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref> Karanas enjoyed high status in medieval period and [[Marriage|married]] within the royal households. An example of this can be found in the Arasavali copper plate of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga]] monarch Vajrahasta III.<ref name="IHC_KRN_2004" /> They occupied high positions under the feudatory kings of Odisha, most of them were appointed as [[Dewan]]s in the princely states of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF4KAQAAIAAJ&q=held+high |title=Orissa District Gazetteers |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref> Karanas find mention in [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhauma-Kara]] records and are represented as Sadhyadhikarana or Chief Judicial Officer of a district. Similarly Srikarana featured in the temple inscription is said to have been the accountant general of [[Anangabhima Deva III]] of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]]. A Kosthakarana was a top administrative officer of Narsimha Deva 4 of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]]. Terms like Deula Karana represented the rank of Temple administrator. Samanta Karanas were the aristrocratic families of Karanas from Odisha, the word Samanta was also used by the kings of Odisha, thus it can be said Karanas were associated with the royal families of [[Odisha]].<ref name=bd/> The head of a Karana family was known as Samanta while his wife was known as Samantani.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUvRAAAAMAAJ&q=head+of+a+karan+family+samanta |title=History of Orissa in the 19th Century |date=1964 |publisher=Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Some Karanas also received land grants and held feudatory status in medieval Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Shishir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC1uAAAAMAAJ&q=karanas+received+land+grants |title=New Perspectives on the History and Culture of Orissa |date=2000 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-86791-23-3 |language=en}}</ref> They appear to be an important community in [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] as they held high positions in the government such as the post of army general, prime minister and accountant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Dr Manas Kumar |date=May 7, 2022 |title=DDCE, Utkal |url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/Paper-16.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ddceutkal.ac.in/Syllabus/MA_history/ |archive-date=May 8, 2022 |access-date=May 7, 2022 |website=ddceutkal.ac.in}}</ref> Karanas were associated with the administration of the ruling dynasties of Odisha, a general named Srikarana Mahananda Senapati of the Karan caste was the army general and governor of Anangabhima 3 of Eastern Ganga dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Biswarup |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfYdAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana+caste |title=Orissa: Social, Cultural, and Religious Aspects |date=1985 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> Srikarana Mahananda Senapati was the Senadhyakshawara of the Kingdom or Commander in chief.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parida |first=Asok Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jluAAAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+mahananda+senapati |title=Aspects of Socio-cultural Life in Early and Medieval Orissa |date=1996 |publisher=DSA Programme, Post Graduate Department of History, Utkal University |language=en}}</ref> Another official named Srikarana Pattanaik Viswanatha Mahasenapati was the army general and governor of Narsimha Deva 4 of Eastern Ganga Dynasty, he governed four Dandapatas or Rajyas of [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Ganga Dynasty]], he was also the Puro Srikarana of the Kingdom or Prime Minister.<ref name="books.google.com"/> Another general named Srikarana Suru Senapati under the reign of Anangabhima Dev 2 is said to have donated lands to the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple of Puri]] as evidenced from inscriptions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=S. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iY8MAQAAMAAJ&q=srikarana+senapati |title=Virajā, the Capital of Ancient Orissa |date=2007 |publisher=Pratibha Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7702-148-6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ramananda Ray]] was the governor of the southern territories in [[Gajapati Empire]], he was also a minister of [[Prataparudra Deva|Gajapati Prataparudra Deva]], [[Ramananda Ray]]a belonged to Karan community. The founder of [[Athgarh State]] was Raja SriKaran Niladri Bhagirath Barman Patnaik. He was the minister of the Raja of Puri, who conferred on him the title of Raja and gave him Athgarh for his service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>

'''Modern Period'''

In British colonial era, Karanas owned most [[Zamindar]]is in Odisha and were extremely rich.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Bishnupada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuLZAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+zamindar |title=Some Aspects of Socio-economic Changes in South Western Frontier Bengal Since Introduction of Neo-Vaiṣṇavism |date=1996 |publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7102-049-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cw9uAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+zamindar+extremely+rich |title=Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference ... |date=1995 |publisher=South Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/189767/11/11_chapter%25204.pdf |title=sg.inflibnet.ac.in |format= }}</ref> They also received large amounts of land grants in Khurda administration of [[Khurda kingdom|Khurda]] Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanabe |first=Akio |date= 2020|title=Genealogies of the "Paika Rebellion": Heterogeneities and Linkages |journal=International Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S1479591420000157 |issn=1479-5914|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In recent post-Independence era India, they have also played a dominant role in politics. Such is their prominence in politics that many members from the Karan community have been elected as the [[Chief Ministers of Odisha]], hence they are also dubbed as the political caste of Odisha.<ref name="VermaSingh2020">{{cite book|author1=Pramit Verma|author2=Pardeep Singh|title=Urban Ecology: Emerging Patterns and Social-Ecological Systems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7vbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|date=14 July 2020|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-820731-4|pages=83–}}</ref>

== Society and culture ==
'''Role in temple administration'''

Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana sub divisions of Karanas are the key servitors in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] of Puri. They alongwith other key servitors manage the administration of temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Servitors firm on Sri Jagannath temple lock |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/oct/13/servitors-firm-on-sri-jagannath-temple-lock-2209588.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 October 2020 }}</ref> Deula Karana and Tadhau Karana servitors are also the representatives of the Raja of Puri and assist him in performing the temple rituals associated with Lord Jagannath.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-16 |title=Transfer of 'soul' during Nabakalebara {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/transfer-of-soul-during-nabakalebara/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable people==

=== Chief Ministers ===
* [[Nabakrushna Choudhury]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and freedom fighter.<ref name="Rediff.com 2000">{{cite web | title=rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa | website=Rediff.com | date=2000-02-14 | url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/14oriss.htm | access-date=2020-09-06}}</ref>
* [[Biren Mitra]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]].<ref>"Rediff.com 2000"</ref>
* [[Biju Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]], freedom fighter, industrialist and pilot.<ref name="toi_patnaik">{{cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Ashok |date=2019-04-13 |title=Reign of Patnaiks: 40 years and counting - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/odisha/news/reign-of-patnaiks-40-years-and-counting/articleshow/68858700.cms |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and former [[Governor of Assam]].<ref name="toi_patnaik" />
* [[Naveen Patnaik]]; former [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] and second longest serving Chief Minister of any Indian state.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-11 |title=How the Patnaiks, despite being 2% of Odisha's population, ruled the state for 45 years, and maybe beyond |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/odisha/how-the-patnaiks-despite-being-2-of-odishas-population-ruled-the-state-for-45-years-and-maybe-beyond/articleshow/110027397.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Freedom Fighters & Social Reformers ===
* [[Madhusudan Das|Utkala Gouraba Madhusudan Das]]; Indian Lawyer, industrialist, social reformer, founder of [[Utkal Sammilani]] and prominent figure for creation of [[Orissa Province]] (present-day [[Odisha]], India).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panigrahi |first=Hiranya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV8uEAAAQBAJ&dq=madhusudan+das+karan+caste&pg=PT168 |title=Odisha of My Times: English Translation of "Mo Samayara Odisha" by Krishna Chandra Panigrahi |date=2021-05-14 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63850-732-1 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopabandhu Choudhuri|Gopabandhu Choudhury]]; deputy magistrate in British Government, Indian activist, social worker and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=Choudhury++Karana |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramadevi Choudhury]]; freedom fighter, social reformer and [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner.
* [[Annapurna Maharana|Annapurna Choudhury]]; women's rights activist and freedom fighter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-03 |title=Annapurna Maharana cremated |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Annapurna-Maharana-cremated/articleshow/17870114.cms |access-date=2024-10-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Prabhat Kumar |date=October 2022 |title=Annapurna Maharana : a philanthropist |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2022/October/engpdf/203-204.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=2}}</ref>
* [[Braja Sundar Das]]; Zamindar of Tisania estate, freedom fighter, politician, poet and social reformer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ସଂ. |url=https://archive.org/details/jajapurara-dui-amlana-pratibha-bichitra-nanda-o-braja-sundar-1997 |title=ଯାଜପୁରର ଦୁଇ ଅମ୍ଳାନ ପ୍ରତିଭା – ବିଚିତ୍ରା ନନ୍ଦ ଓ ବ୍ରଜ ସୁନ୍ଦର |date=1997 |language=Oriya}}</ref>
* [[Sarala Devi]]; Independence activist, feminist, social activist, writer and first Odia woman to join the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)|Non-cooperation movement]] also the first woman to be elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=karana |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopala Ballabha Das]]; writer, social reformer, deputy magistrate in British Government, assistant of Odisha commissioner during British rule and superintendent of all [[Princely state]] of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=keMrAQAAIAAJ&q=Gopala+Ballabha |title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |date=1993 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies. |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jagabandhu Patnaik]]; [[Dewan]] of [[Porahat]] and the first martyr from [[Odisha]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahu |first=N. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcQtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jagabandhu+patnaik |title=Veer Surendra Sai |date=1985 |publisher=Department of Culture, Government of Orissa |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhagirathi Mahapatra]]; Indian lawyer, politician and founding member of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee|Utkal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=bhagirathi+mohapatra+karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nityanand Kanungo]]; politician, social activist, former [[Governor of Bihar]] and former [[Governor of Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmswAQAAIAAJ&q=karan |title=The Nationalist Movement in a Regional Setting, 1920-34: The Rise of Congress to Power in Orissa |date=1992 |publisher=Amar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-85420-32-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Binod Kanungo]]; freedom fighter, [[Odisha Sahitya Academi Award|Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]] winner and educator.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nilamani Senapati |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3044 |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Karaput |last2=Nabin Kumar Sahu |date=1966 |publisher=Cuttack, Superintendent Orissa Government Press}}</ref>
* [[Biswanath Pattnaik]]; social reformer and [[Bhoodan movement]] leader.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barua |first=Ananya |date=2019-06-05 |title=Koraputia Gandhi: The Forgotten Legend Who Served Odisha's Tribals for 77 Years |url=https://thebetterindia.com/185187/koraputia-gandhi-odisha-biswanath-pattnaik/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sarangadhar Das]]; politician and Indian nationalist revolutionary.

=== Vaishnav Saints ===
* [[Achyutananda Dasa]]; 16th-century poet seer and Vaishnava saint.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA83 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ananta Dasa]]; Odia poet, mystic and one of the chief saint of Utkaliya [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&dq=ananta+dasa+karana&pg=PA86 |title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa |date=1981 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Balarama Dasa]]; 15th-century poet seer, litterateur, writer of [[Jagamohana Ramayana]] and [[Lakshmi Purana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradhan |first=Atul Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI4eAAAAMAAJ&q=balarama+dasa+karana |title=A Study of History of Orissa: From the Earliest Times to Mukundadeva |date=1984 |publisher=Panchashila |language=en}}</ref>

=== Historical Figures ===
* [[Bisara Mohanty]]; historical figure of Jagannath culture who rescued Daru Brahma (soul stuff) of Lord Jagannath from the river Ganga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Gopinath |date=July 2020 |title=Bisara Mohanty, An Ardent Devotee ISSN 0970-8669 |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2020/Jun-Jul/engpdf/20-30.pdf |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIzXAAAAMAAJ&q=bisar+mohanty |title=Jagannath Revisited: Studying Society, Religion, and the State in Orissa |last2=Schnepel |first2=Burkhard |date=2001 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-386-4 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Ramananda Ray]]; author of Jagannath Vallabha Natakam and the Governor of [[Gajapati Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāẏaka |first=Jagannātha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpgeAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste |title=Feudatory States of Orissa, 1803-1857 |date=1988 |publisher=Vohra Publishers & Distributors |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhavi Pattanayak]]; 16th-century poet and disciple of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rout |first=Savitri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&dq=Madhavi+Dasi&pg=PA32 |title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature |date=1972 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe |isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Art & Literature ===
* [[Brajanath Badajena]]; Odia poet and descendant of 16th-century poet Raghu Arakhita.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eBtAAAAMAAJ&q=Brajanath+badajena+Karan |title=Proceedings |date=1976 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Dasa]]; Odia [[Bhakti movement|bhakti-poet]] and composer of [[Odissi music]] .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Janaki Ballabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&q=Karan |title=Banamali Das |date=1993 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-449-0 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Birakishore Das|Jatiya Kabi Birakishore Das]]; National poet, social activist, politician and the editor of "Mo Desha" .<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahanti |first=Jagannatha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zepjAAAAMAAJ&q=Birakishore+das |title=Children's Literature of Orissa |date=1993 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka]]; Odia poet and composer of [[Odissi music]].
* [[Radhanath Ray]]; poet, novelist, essayist, educationist, cultural relativist, orator and song writer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gopinath Mohanty |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.220244/2015.220244.Radhanath-Ray_djvu.txt |title=Radhanath Ray |date=1983}}</ref>
* [[Gourishankar Ray]]; writer and a prominent figure amongst the makers of [[Odisha|Modern Odisha]].
* [[Artaballabha Mohanty]]; writer, literary critique and the publisher of only available print record of [[Madala Panji]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-06 |title=Some Great Odiya Personalities |url=http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |access-date=2024-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306153914/http://www.odiya.org/personality/personality.shtml |archive-date=2014-03-06 }}</ref>
* [[Kalicharan Pattnaik]]; eminent literary and artistic figure of Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dharitri E-Paper |url=https://www.dharitri.com/e-Paper/Bhubaneswar/231217/p6.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.dharitri.com}}</ref>
* [[Annada Shankar Ray]]; Indian poet and essayist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-11 |title=অন্নদাশঙ্কর রায় – |url=https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511133459/https://banglarmamatimanush.com/annada-sankar-roy-jyoti-bandyopadhyay/ |archive-date=2020-05-11 }}</ref>
* [[Gopinath Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-20 |title=Gopinath Mohanty Memorial Lecture today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/apr/20/gopinath-mohanty-memorial-lecture-today-1966706.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> novelist, winner of [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Sahitya Akademi Award]].
* [[Surendra Mohanty]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-04 |title=Sambad: 24 and counting |url=https://orissamatters.com/2007/10/04/sambad/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Orissa Matters |language=en-US}}</ref> author, politician and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.

=== Education & Research ===
* [[Prana Krushna Parija]]; Indian botanist, scientist, politician, winner of [[Padma Bhushan]] and Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-19 |title=New Page |url=http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119004950/http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm |archive-date=2012-11-19 }}</ref>
* [[Bidhu Bhusan Das]]; educator, public intellectual and ex-principal of Ranchi University (now [[Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University]]), vice Chancellor of [[Utkal University]], an advisor to [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra of Nepal]] and played a key role in establishing [[Kathmandu|Kathmandu's]] [[Tribhuvan University]] also helped to setup [[Nagaland University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Das, Bidhu Bhusan, 1922- - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89267884.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=id.loc.gov}}</ref>
* [[Prabhat Nalini Das]]; public intellectual, first dean/director of Humanities division at [[IIT Kanpur]], vice chancellor of [[North-Eastern Hill University]] also served as a professor of English and head of the English department at several prestigious institutions including [[Delhi University]], [[Ranchi University]], [[Lady Shri Ram College]] and [[Utkal University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashutosh Sheshabalaya on Global Reach |date=May 9, 2013 |url=https://www.voiceamerica.com/guest/17097/ashutosh-sheshabalaya |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The VoiceAmerica Talk |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhu Sudan Kanungo]]; renowned Indian scientist in the fields of neuroscience and gerontology. He is best known for his Gene Expression Theory of Aging, also founder-director of Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, chancellor of [[Nagaland University]] and [[Padma Shri]] award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-16 |title=Noted scholar M S Kanungo passes away |work=The Times of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |access-date=2025-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916205554/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-27/varanasi/29819818_1_bhu-orientation-programme-swatantrata-bhawan |archive-date=2012-09-16}}</ref>
* [[Jitendra Nath Mohanty]] ; Indian philosopher, served as a Emeritus professor of Philosophy in [[Temple University|Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some Memories of My Teacher, J.N. Mohanty – The Indian Philosophy Blog |url=https://indianphilosophyblog.org/2023/03/20/some-memories-of-my-teacher-j-n-mohanty/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=indianphilosophyblog.org}}</ref>
* [[Nikhil Mohan Pattnaik]]; Indian scholar, scientist and founder of Srujanika, a science education and research non profit organization situated in Bhubaneswar'''''.'''''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-03 |title=The digital book binder - The New Indian Express |url=http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |access-date=2024-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903203527/http://newindianexpress.com/magazine/The-digital-book-binder/2013/09/01/article1757468.ece1 |archive-date=2013-09-03 }}</ref>

=== Jurists ===
* [[Ananga Kumar Patnaik]]; Former justice of [[Supreme Court of India]], former chief justice of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] and [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-18 |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice A.K. Patnaik |url=http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818021930/http://sci.nic.in/judges/sjud/akpatnaik.htm |archive-date=2013-08-18 }}</ref>
* [[Gopal Ballav Pattanaik]]; Former [[Chief Justice of India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-11-08 |title=G B Pattanaik takes oath as Chief Justice of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/G-B-Pattanaik-takes-oath-as-Chief-Justice-of-India/articleshow/27669480.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Bira Kishore Ray]]; First [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହାଇକୋର୍ଟର ପ୍ରଥମ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଚାରପତି ବୀର କିଶୋର ରାୟଙ୍କ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧବାର୍ଷିକୀ |url=https://odishasambad.in/remembering-first-chief-justice-of-odisha-highcourt-birakishore-ray-on-his-death-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Odisha Sambad |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sukanta Kishore Ray]]; Former [[Orissa High Court|Chief Justice of Orissa High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1301877170150935&set=basw.AboNUNr0IBOnV-RUCDm-Qa2FcZhFGUBB2-t4z92shOJHVxw34qeelqveLfBYs-pcWGVogrirYAp9HyCfiZ854A91w_aMNgNZg33czIiwwcKcu9sM5Rjocquzl_dp-x0agHOHSa2k9RiVJDmVqBt-7uoUD99n9Zqlkm_6hlqUtoHWrke7Ynjtwc1Xz_Z3G7ni1n5tzEr2AAspW4h_VCOVKQcqVieuhVYgpsrpOFizQNtJAHi_jEzlW7DlvG4yn42cQRjpwMfVp-MUDkwbZOQLfgENNKtlkrsYdE7-xsZA_f166G4IiCv3hIYV31ONFiHjiiU&opaqueCursor=AbpZlBMyzgd724HSzZjMNSjNQK42kuR3w58iF-JV9X_h8T0FhL2nwtssTo8Z7vrDY90h_ay50K6Dxy8eFBU2xnd51S2KRmcqpyBAbebQufIBGO_aNnGaBSbUpTpDg8Ce4S_iXRN4Le3IlXoonIh72EsL1yFGXvm9USHy8euRIqIYQ5-0RU3jn_6Ex77ZF-9XoxNhuYlZJhpito3iRQUDo5E7HQJcjoJJj3EM0sJD4s6GP3Mf4k1k2YJs91nHCdo_yLfS4vB70Zxvbo7yBsrBtnN55d_5uCSGyrVvAMMD2uiU7n5_BdUSkkE-bsjZXQndklj0MhDKUl44RmImzy-tJmwQbIfZa9eJatk3PmkZne2wr15Lwr41PJV-SzAS4guvdYTlSFSZdDmVeLdUFy7-fhg6hhc3bl4yiY1spv1zAKkdbvMZgx4gN_PIhxoDKKgGqpFQv2JlBf31qcQ8C1NhCUY2ubq68Xu0RIB24NJPZuevnPJe_KipqixDaRRSxxXx3E13qS5P3apvxZzWMYjnY2hn5bK2L31qdYp41tpARzId7-MbN2stiNG8cLKPFMO8bh-TuyF9Nj4CNHffKJcB-iCcqWmpBcLvEcmMHmJcYZzwKTyxBEaT9XxAxXVoutdHf1dt9SKmzPSKsZVPizNLemjmv4RIBjAAoGrGXZG9yb_tuDtZwA4FCWmbYiNYF--duRjBmKoE-C_zD1o-w3dT-IqPeInFAN5PqutZRe5ER8SaKsNzRe3uJrYhia3VQPX1DsUQvqlvZL4TA13jqxvcbFwM8PYVZX7y5_Cba_G-dEsUFbMnr30k1VGyD3cPbGN-sHCPACEsXiAEUpICk3B1xFTGcUAJYgV4DyMjEdqv32W8wHAkeGR7JhqyiJFzhv-RJGI |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
* Jugal Kishore Mohanty; Former [[Sikkim High Court|Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2021-03-20 |title=Governor Biswa Bhusan pays tributes to Justice Jugal Kishore Mohanty |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/governor-biswa-bhusan-pays-tributes-to-justice-jugal-kishore-mohanty-677707 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pradip Kumar Mohanty]]; Former [[Jharkhand High Court|Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Justice Pradip Kumar Mohanty appointed as Chief Justice of Jharkhand HC {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801125123/http://odishasuntimes.com/justice-pradip-kumar-mohanty-appointed-as-chief-justice-of-jharkhand-hc/ |archive-date=2018-08-01 }}</ref>

=== Others ===
* [[Chandi Prasad Mohanty]]; retired [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General of the Indian Army]], 42nd [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], former [[General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Southern Command]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=Lt Gen Chandi Prasad Mohanty is General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Army Command |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/24/lt-gen-chandi-prasad-mohanty-is-general-officer-commanding-in-chief-of-southern-army-command-2093740.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kishen Pattnaik]]; Indian politician, social activist, author, founder & editor of hindi monthly periodical called ''Samayik Varta.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sambad |date=2022-09-22 |title=ଖଡ଼ିଆଳର ପୂର୍ବତନ ବିଧାୟକ କପିଳ ନାରାୟଣ ତିୱାରୀଙ୍କ ପରଲୋକ |url=https://sambad.in/state/kapil-narayan-tiwari-former-mla-of-khadial-passed-away-879906/ |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Sambad |language=or}}</ref>
* [[Jayanti Patnaik]]; four-time Member of Parliament, first Chairperson of [[National Commission for Women]] and wife of former Chief Minister of Odisha and ex governor of Assam [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik|Shri Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-22 |title=NCW::Breif History |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322143848/http://ncw.nic.in/frmABTBreifHistory.aspx |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
* [[Niranjan Patnaik]]; former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]] and Ex Cabinet Minister.<ref name=":3" />
* [[Sarat Pattanayak]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-23 |title=Old war horse Sarat Pattnayak appointed Odisha Congress chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-war-horse-sarat-pattnayak-appointed-odisha-congress-chief/articleshow/91749222.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Banamali Patnaik]]; Indian politician and former president of [[Odisha Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sabha |first=India Parliament Lok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0ZPAQAAMAAJ&q=banamali+%22Patnaik%22+passed+obituary+1980 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1980 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |language=en}}</ref>
* Samir Mohanty; Indian politician and former president of [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Samir Mohanty elected Odisha BJP president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/samir-mohanty-elected-odisha-bjp-chief-president-narendra-singh-tomar-1637543-2020-01-16 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
* [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]; Indian politician, writer, film producer and founder-editor of the [[Odia language|Odia]] daily [[Sambad]].<ref name=":3" />
* [[Ashok Kumar Das]]; Indian politician and former leader of opposition in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] during [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]] government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-23 |title=Sons rise in Orissa politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/story/sons-rise-in-orissa-politics-48405-2009-05-22 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pranab Prakash Das]]; Indian politician, former Energy Minister and one of the prominent leader in [[Naveen Patnaik|Naveen Patnaik's]] Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranab Prakash Das(BJD):Constituency- JAJPUR(JAJPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5577 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Bijoy Mohapatra]]; former Irrigation Minister and most powerful minister (known as Super Chief Minister) in [[Biju Patnaik|Biju Patnaik's]] cabinet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-20 |title=Orissa Politics: Bijoy Mohapatra : In Jaya Chandra's Path - By Manoj Padhi |url=http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820041358/http://hindtoday.com/Blogs/ViewBlogsV2.aspx?HTAdvtId=596&HTAdvtPlaceCode=IND674ORISSA |archive-date=20 August 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Naba Das|Naba Kishore Das]]; former state's Cabinet Minister in [[Fifth Naveen Patnaik ministry|Naveen Patnaik's Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naba Kisore Das(BJD):Constituency- JHARSUGUDA(JHARSUGUDA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4872 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Manas Mangaraj]]; Indian politician, journalist and member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Odisha]] as member of [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manas Ranjan Mangaraj(BJD):(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/rajsab09aff/candidate.php?candidate_id=990 |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Akshaya Mohanty]]; singer, lyricist, composer, musician, writer and Jayadev award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-25 |title=$ $ $ Akshaya Mohanty $ $ $ |url=http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |access-date=2024-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325152426/http://akshayamahanty.com/life.htm |archive-date=25 March 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Hara Patnaik]]; Indian actor, director, screenplay writer and singer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-17 |title=Odia actor Hara Patnaik dead |work=IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |access-date=2024-12-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150117232210/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/odia-actor-hara-patnaik-dead/522747-8.html |archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref>
* [[Akshay Parija]]: Indian film maker and businessmen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-03 |title=A Life Transformed |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=3237 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=Harvard Business School Alumni |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bijay Mohanty]]; Indian actor, Jayadev award winner, Orissa Cine Critics Award winner, National Film Awards winner and 6 times [[Odisha State Film Awards]] winner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-22 |title=Odisha bids a tearful adieu to Bijay Mohanty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/odisha-bids-a-tearful-adieu-to-bijay-mohanty/articleshow/77110843.cms |access-date=2024-11-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Arindam Roy|Arindam Ray]]; Indian actor, politician and son in law of former leader of opposition [[Ashok Kumar Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy, BJP Candidate from Salipur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/arindam-roy-s18aed2008a094e2024c001/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arindam Roy(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SALIPUR(CUTTACK) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=1179 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Buddhaditya Mohanty]]; Indian actor.
* [[Mahasweta Ray]]; Ollywood actress, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Award winner]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=archive |first=From our online |date=2012-05-08 |title=Weaving a legacy of grace |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/magazine/2010/Dec/12/weaving-a-legacy-of-grace-210240.html |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Anubhav Mohanty]]; Indian actor and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anubhav Mohanty(BJD):Constituency- KENDRAPARA(ODISHA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10133 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>
* [[Uttam Mohanty]]; Indian actor, [[Odisha State Film Awards|Odisha State Film Awards winner]] and Jayadev Award winner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttam Mohanty {{!}} Actor, Writer, Music Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0595948/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Babushaan Mohanty]]; Indian actor, playback singer and son of [[Uttam Mohanty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Pragativadi News |date=2022-07-31 |title=Babushaan celebrates birthday with fans, cuts cake; Announces new Odia film "Gajapati" |url=https://pragativadi.com/babushaan-celebrates-birthday-with-fans-cuts-cake-announces-new-odia-film-gajapati/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Pragativadi {{!}} Odisha News, Breaking News Odisha, Latest Odisha News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Surnames ==
Some titles associated with the Karan caste includes:

[[Patnaik]], [[Mohanty]], [[Chowdhury|Choudhury]], [[Das (surname)|Das]], [[Rai (title)|Ray]], [[Mohapatra]], [[Samantray|Samantaray]], [[Routray]], Chhotray, Kanungo, [[Bakshi]], Raychoudhury, Bohidar, Srikarana, Dandapata, Das Mahapatra, Parija, Pruseth, Narendra, Mahasenapati, Srichandan, Harichandan, Bebarta, Mangaraj, Samantasinghar, [[Jena (surname)|Badajena]], [[Behera (title)|Behera]] etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upadhyay |first=Arun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6y1uAAAAMAAJ&q=jena+karana |title=Origin of Orissa Names |date=2000 |publisher=Kitab Mahal |isbn=978-81-86472-60-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayBuAAAAMAAJ&q=kshatriya+Karan+jena |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal |date=1975 |publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Congress |first=Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBNDAAAAYAAJ&q=Dandapata |title=Proceedings |date=2006 |publisher=Indian History Congress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jena |first=K. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGZyHbmMVFEC&q=+karan+caste |title=Land Revenue Administration in Orissa During the Nineteenth Century |date=1968 |publisher=S. Chand |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/15193/10/10_chapter%25203.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-18 |title=Devdutt Pattanaik: Descendants of Chitragupta |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/devdutt-pattanaik--descendants-of-chitragupta-19083152 |access-date=2024-10-26 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hust |first=Evelin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xUqAAAAYAAJ&q=karan+kayastha |title=Women's Political Representation and Empowerment in India: A Million Indiras Now? |date=2004 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-575-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=jagannath+in+history+and+religious+tradition |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Mauchline Roberts |first=Elizabeth |title=Gandhi and the Indian nationalist movement to 1920 |date=2019-08-13 |work=Gandhi, Nehru and Modern India |pages=14–27 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000628197/chapters/10.4324/9780367351717-2 |access-date=2024-10-26 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780367351717-2 |isbn=978-0-367-35171-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS5uAAAAMAAJ&q=bakshi |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sundargarh |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Dipti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=to_U9I6Ol9wC&dq=srikarana+mahasenapati&pg=PA77 |title=Prataparudradeva, the Last Great Suryavamsi King of Orissa (A.D. 1497 to A.D. 1540) |date=2007 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-195-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Indian Anthropological |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9waBAAAAMAAJ&q=behera+karana |title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |date=1998 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moharana |first=Surendra |date=July 2016 |title=The Role of Daitas in Navakalevara |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2015/July/engpdf/115-122.pdf |journal=Odisha Review |pages=116}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Madala Panji]], a chronicle of [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] written by '''Karanas'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=+madala+panji |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rath |first=Bijaya Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=Cultural History of Orissa, A.D. 855-1110 |date=1983 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pāṇigrāhī |first1=Śarata Candra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra86AAAAMAAJ&q=Karana |title=The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannath |last2=Panda |first2=Daityari |date=1984 |publisher=Rashtrabhasha Samavaya Prakashan |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Bhoi dynasty]], a medieval Hindu dynasty founded by [[Govinda Vidyadhara]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nt4nbp1VIhsC&pg=PA2687 |title=Indian Encyclopaedia |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWfeU9eQd5YC&pg=SL2-PA32 |title=General Studies History 4 Upsc |date=2005-11-01 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited |isbn=978-0-07-060447-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORnlAAAAQBAJ&pg=SL2-PA175 |title=Indian History |isbn=978-1-259-06323-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee |first=Prabhat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1o8BAAAAMAAJ&q=accountant |title=The History of the Gajapati Kings of Orissa and Their Successors |date=1953 |publisher=General Trading Company |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=Gopinath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH4cAAAAMAAJ&q=govinda+vidyadhara+accountant |title=Jagannātha in History & Religious Traditions of Orissa |date=1982 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=PANIGRAHI |first=KRISHNA CHANDRA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0mkEAAAQBAJ&dq=govinda+vidyadhara&pg=PT340 |title=History of Orissa: (HINDU PERIOD) |date=2023-01-05 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68586-798-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Brighenti |first=Francesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnnXAAAAMAAJ&q=bhoi+karan |title=Śakti Cult in Orissa |date=2001 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |isbn=978-81-246-0179-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ce61AAAAIAAJ&q=bhoi+writer+ |title=The Sultanate of Delhi: Including the Arab Invasion of Sindh, Hindu Rule in Afghanistan and Causes of the Defeat of the Hindus in Early Medieval Age (711 - 1526 A.D.) |date=1959 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Athgarh State]], a [[Princely state]] founded by Raja Niladri Bhagirathi Barman Pattanayak.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Orissa (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ&q=karan+caste+bebarta |title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Cuttack |date=1966 |publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Karani script|Karani Script]], an Odia Script introduced by '''Karanas,''' it was primarily used for court, land, temple, and accounting records as well as other administrative purposes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]