Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Revision history

B3stJ: /* Concepts */ Move comma.

2025-02-28T01:38:35Z

Concepts: Move comma.

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	A card's ''interface'' is a description of an ALSA protocol for accessing the card; possible interfaces include: ''hw'', ''plughw'', ''default'', and ''plug:dmix''. The ''hw'' interface provides direct access to the kernel device, but no software mixing or stream adaptation support. The ''plughw'' and ''default'' enable sound output where the ''hw'' interface would produce an error.		A card's ''interface'' is a description of an ALSA protocol for accessing the card; possible interfaces include: ''hw'', ''plughw'', ''default'', and ''plug:dmix''. The ''hw'' interface provides direct access to the kernel device, but no software mixing or stream adaptation support. The ''plughw'' and ''default'' enable sound output where the ''hw'' interface would produce an error.

	An application typically describes sound output by combining all of the aforementioned specifications together in a ''device string''{{Citation needed\|date=May 2013}}, which has one of the following forms (which are [[Case sensitivity\|case-sensitive]]):		An application typically describes sound output by combining all of the aforementioned specifications together in a ''device string'',{{Citation needed\|date=May 2013}} which has one of the following forms (which are [[Case sensitivity\|case-sensitive]]):
	* ''interface:card,device,subdevice''		* ''interface:card,device,subdevice''
	* ''interface:CARD=1,DEV=3,SUBDEV=2''.		* ''interface:CARD=1,DEV=3,SUBDEV=2''.

B3stJ: /* Concepts */ Make it a self-reference.

2025-02-28T01:37:20Z

Concepts: Make it a self-reference.

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	==Concepts==		==Concepts==
	This section provides an overview of basic concepts pertaining to ALSA.<ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6735 \|title=Introduction to Sound Programming with ALSA \|last=Tranter \|first=Jeff \|date=October 2004 \|journal=Linux Journal \|access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/8234/print \|title=A User's Guide to ALSA \|journal=Linux Journal \|last=Phillips \|first=Dave \|date=June 2005 \|access-date=2012-01-08 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109014951/http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/8234/print \|archive-date=2012-01-09 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/index.html \|title=Alsa C library Doxygen documentation \|date=October 2007 \|access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref>		{{Self-reference\|This section provides an overview of basic concepts pertaining to ALSA.}}<ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6735 \|title=Introduction to Sound Programming with ALSA \|last=Tranter \|first=Jeff \|date=October 2004 \|journal=Linux Journal \|access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/8234/print \|title=A User's Guide to ALSA \|journal=Linux Journal \|last=Phillips \|first=Dave \|date=June 2005 \|access-date=2012-01-08 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109014951/http://www.linuxjournal.com/node/8234/print \|archive-date=2012-01-09 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{citation \|url=http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/index.html \|title=Alsa C library Doxygen documentation \|date=October 2007 \|access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref>

	Typically, ALSA supports up to eight ''cards'', numbered 0 through 7; each card is a physical or logical kernel device capable of input and output. Furthermore, each card may also be addressed by its ''id'', which is an explanatory string such as "''Headset''" or "''[[I/O Controller Hub\|ICH]]9''".		Typically, ALSA supports up to eight ''cards'', numbered 0 through 7; each card is a physical or logical kernel device capable of input and output. Furthermore, each card may also be addressed by its ''id'', which is an explanatory string such as "''Headset''" or "''[[I/O Controller Hub\|ICH]]9''".

Britalmeida: added link

2025-02-25T10:30:03Z

added link

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	Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful handling of multiple sound devices in a system. ALSA is released under [[GNU General Public License\|GPL-2.0-or-later]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License\|LGPL-2.1-or-later]].<ref name=license>{{cite web \|url=http://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Introduction \|title=Introduction \|publisher=alsa-project.org \|access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref>		Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful handling of multiple sound devices in a system. ALSA is released under [[GNU General Public License\|GPL-2.0-or-later]] and [[GNU Lesser General Public License\|LGPL-2.1-or-later]].<ref name=license>{{cite web \|url=http://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Introduction \|title=Introduction \|publisher=alsa-project.org \|access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref>

	On Linux, sound servers, like [[sndio]], [[PulseAudio]], [[JACK Audio Connection Kit\|JACK]] (low-latency professional-grade audio editing and mixing) and [[PipeWire]], and higher-level APIs (e.g [[OpenAL]], [[Simple DirectMedia Layer#Subsystems\|SDL audio]], etc.) work on top of ALSA and its sound card device drivers. ALSA succeeded the older Linux port of the [[Open Sound System]] (OSS).		On Linux, [[Sound server\|sound servers]], like [[sndio]], [[PulseAudio]], [[JACK Audio Connection Kit\|JACK]] (low-latency professional-grade audio editing and mixing) and [[PipeWire]], and higher-level APIs (e.g [[OpenAL]], [[Simple DirectMedia Layer#Subsystems\|SDL audio]], etc.) work on top of ALSA and its sound card device drivers. ALSA succeeded the older Linux port of the [[Open Sound System]] (OSS).

	==History==		==History==

VulcanSphere: Changing short description from "Software framework" to "Software framework for audio"

2025-01-21T17:55:26Z

Changing short description from "Software framework" to "Software framework for audio"

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:55, 21 January 2025
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	{{~~short~~ description\|Software framework}}		{{Short description\|Software framework for audio}}
	{{Infobox software		{{Infobox software
	\| name = ALSA		\| name = ALSA

188.32.117.86: /* Implementations */Deleted comma.

2024-07-14T22:10:35Z

Implementations: Deleted comma.

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	[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>		[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>

	[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with, ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref> ALSA API uses {{tt\|ioctl()}} calls in a way not allowed in the QNX kernel.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.audio/topic/copyright_3p.html \|title=ALSA and libasound.so \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>		[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref> ALSA API uses {{tt\|ioctl()}} calls in a way not allowed in the QNX kernel.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.audio/topic/copyright_3p.html \|title=ALSA and libasound.so \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

2023-08-04T00:37:53Z

Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

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	\| latest preview date =		\| latest preview date =
	\| programming language = [[C (programming language)\|C]]<ref>{{citation		\| programming language = [[C (programming language)\|C]]<ref>{{citation
	\| url = http://www.ohloh.net/p/alsa		\|url = http://www.ohloh.net/p/alsa
	\| title = ALSA		\|title = ALSA
	\| work = Analysis Summary		\|work = Analysis Summary
	\| publisher = [[Ohloh]]		\|publisher = [[Ohloh]]
	\| access-date = 2012-01-08~~}}</ref>~~		\|access-date = 2012-01-08
			\|archive-date = 2013-12-20
			\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220145354/http://www.ohloh.net/p/alsa
			\|url-status = dead
			}}</ref>
	\| operating system = [[Linux]]		\| operating system = [[Linux]]
	\| platform =		\| platform =

FreeToDisagree: Fixed a ref-error.

2023-05-16T16:24:58Z

Fixed a ref-error.

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	[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>		[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>

	[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with, ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref> ALSA API uses {{tt\|ioctl()}} calls in a way not allowed in the QNX kernel.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.audio/topic/copyright_3p.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>		[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with, ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref> ALSA API uses {{tt\|ioctl()}} calls in a way not allowed in the QNX kernel.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.audio/topic/copyright_3p.html \|title=ALSA and libasound.so \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Artoria2e5: /* Implementations */

2023-02-22T09:59:11Z

Implementations

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:59, 22 February 2023
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	[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>		[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>

	[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with, ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>		[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with, ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref> ALSA API uses {{tt\|ioctl()}} calls in a way not allowed in the QNX kernel.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/7.1/#com.qnx.doc.neutrino.audio/topic/copyright_3p.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Artoria2e5: /* Implementations */

2023-02-22T09:57:37Z

Implementations

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:57, 22 February 2023
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	==Implementations==		==Implementations==
	The ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer aims to provide better support for ALSA on [[embedded system]]s that use a [[system-on-chip]] (SoC) design.<ref>{{citation \|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/sound/soc/overview.html \|title=ALSA SoC Layer \|publisher=[[kernel.org]] \|date=2017-07-13}}</ref>		The ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer aims to provide better support for ALSA on [[embedded system]]s that use a [[system-on-chip]] (SoC) design.<ref>{{citation \|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/sound/soc/overview.html \|title=ALSA SoC Layer \|publisher=[[kernel.org]] \|date=2017-07-13}}</ref>

			[[Open Sound System]] version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System \|url=http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#ALSA_Emulation \|website=ossnext.trueinstruments.com}}</ref>

			[[QNX]] uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with, ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1) \|url=https://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/audio/architecture.html \|website=www.qnx.com}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Citation bot: Alter: title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by BrownHairedGirl | #UCB_webform 1126/3723

2022-08-24T02:58:24Z

Alter: title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by BrownHairedGirl | #UCB_webform 1126/3723

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:58, 24 August 2022
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	===Applications===		===Applications===
	Additional to the software framework internal to the Linux kernel, the ALSA project also provides the command-line tools<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-tools \| title=Alsa-project/Alsa-tools \| website=[[GitHub]] \| date=3 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Alsa-tools \|title=~~Archived~~ ~~copy~~ \|website=alsa.opensrc.org \|access-date=12 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318125424/http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Alsa-tools \|archive-date=18 March 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/ALSA_User_Info \| title=ALSA User Info - AlsaProject }}</ref> and utilities<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-utils \| title=Alsa-utils \| website=[[GitHub]] \| date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> <code>alsactl</code>,<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Category:Alsa-utils \|title=~~Archived~~ ~~copy~~ \|website=alsa.opensrc.org \|access-date=12 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318125514/http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Category:Alsa-utils \|archive-date=18 March 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> <code>amixer</code>,<ref name="amixer-alsamixer">{{cite web \| url=https://www.maketecheasier.com/alsa-utilities-manage-linux-audio-command-line/ \| title=How to Use ALSA Utilities to Manage Linux Audio from the Terminal \| date=14 May 2018 }}</ref> <code>arecord/aplay</code> and <code>[[alsamixer]]</code>,<ref name="amixer-alsamixer"/> an [[ncurses]]-based [[text-based user interface\|TUI]].		Additional to the software framework internal to the Linux kernel, the ALSA project also provides the command-line tools<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-tools \| title=Alsa-project/Alsa-tools \| website=[[GitHub]] \| date=3 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Alsa-tools \|title=Alsa-tools - ALSA wiki \|website=alsa.opensrc.org \|access-date=12 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318125424/http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Alsa-tools \|archive-date=18 March 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/ALSA_User_Info \| title=ALSA User Info - AlsaProject }}</ref> and utilities<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-utils \| title=Alsa-utils \| website=[[GitHub]] \| date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> <code>alsactl</code>,<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Category:Alsa-utils \|title=Category:Alsa-utils - ALSA wiki \|website=alsa.opensrc.org \|access-date=12 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318125514/http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/Category:Alsa-utils \|archive-date=18 March 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> <code>amixer</code>,<ref name="amixer-alsamixer">{{cite web \| url=https://www.maketecheasier.com/alsa-utilities-manage-linux-audio-command-line/ \| title=How to Use ALSA Utilities to Manage Linux Audio from the Terminal \| date=14 May 2018 }}</ref> <code>arecord/aplay</code> and <code>[[alsamixer]]</code>,<ref name="amixer-alsamixer"/> an [[ncurses]]-based [[text-based user interface\|TUI]].

	There also are GUIs programmed by [[Third party developer\|third-party developer]]s, such as GNOME-ALSAmixer<ref name="alsa.opensrc.org">{{cite web \|url=http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/AlsaMixers \|title=~~Archived~~ ~~copy~~ \|website=alsa.opensrc.org \|access-date=12 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404183733/http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/AlsaMixers \|archive-date=4 April 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> (using [[GTK]]), Kmix,<ref name="alsa.opensrc.org"/> XFCE4-mixer, LXpanel, QasHctl, QasMixer, Pavucontrol, AconnectGUI,<ref name="mdeboer-www.iua.upf.es">{{cite web \|last1=boer \|first1=maarten de \|title=maarten's homepage \|url=http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/ \|website=iua.upf.es \|access-date=18 July 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904023118/http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/ \|archive-date=2006-09-04 \|quote=this page will contain a list of my projects, but i need to clean up some things first. for now, use the following links, or browse the ftp: tapiir, alsamixergui, aconnectgui, polarbear}}</ref> tapiir,<ref name="mdeboer-www.iua.upf.es"/> polarbear,<ref name="mdeboer-www.iua.upf.es"/> ALSAmixerGUI<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Boer \|first1=Maarten de \|title=AlsaMixerGui \|url=http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/projects/alsamixergui/ \|website=Music Technology Group \|publisher=Universitat Pompeu Fabra \|access-date=18 July 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205035610/http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/projects/alsamixergui/ \|archive-date=2009-02-05 \|location=Barcelona \|quote=alsamixergui is a FLTK based frontend for alsamixer. It is written directly on top of the alsamixer source, leaving the original source intact, only adding a couple of ifdefs, and some calls to the gui part, so it provides exactly the same functionality, but with a graphical user interface. (Researcher, 1999-2010)}}<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20180904215049/http://www.resorama.com/maarten/files https://web.archive.org/web//http://www.resorama.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20000903015527/http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/ --></ref> (using [[FLTK]]), [[ZynAddSubFX]], [[Yoshimi (synthesizer)\|Yoshimi]], and even more.		There also are GUIs programmed by [[Third party developer\|third-party developer]]s, such as GNOME-ALSAmixer<ref name="alsa.opensrc.org">{{cite web \|url=http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/AlsaMixers \|title=AlsaMixers - ALSA wiki \|website=alsa.opensrc.org \|access-date=12 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404183733/http://alsa.opensrc.org/index.php/AlsaMixers \|archive-date=4 April 2008 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> (using [[GTK]]), Kmix,<ref name="alsa.opensrc.org"/> XFCE4-mixer, LXpanel, QasHctl, QasMixer, Pavucontrol, AconnectGUI,<ref name="mdeboer-www.iua.upf.es">{{cite web \|last1=boer \|first1=maarten de \|title=maarten's homepage \|url=http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/ \|website=iua.upf.es \|access-date=18 July 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904023118/http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/ \|archive-date=2006-09-04 \|quote=this page will contain a list of my projects, but i need to clean up some things first. for now, use the following links, or browse the ftp: tapiir, alsamixergui, aconnectgui, polarbear}}</ref> tapiir,<ref name="mdeboer-www.iua.upf.es"/> polarbear,<ref name="mdeboer-www.iua.upf.es"/> ALSAmixerGUI<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Boer \|first1=Maarten de \|title=AlsaMixerGui \|url=http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/projects/alsamixergui/ \|website=Music Technology Group \|publisher=Universitat Pompeu Fabra \|access-date=18 July 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205035610/http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/projects/alsamixergui/ \|archive-date=2009-02-05 \|location=Barcelona \|quote=alsamixergui is a FLTK based frontend for alsamixer. It is written directly on top of the alsamixer source, leaving the original source intact, only adding a couple of ifdefs, and some calls to the gui part, so it provides exactly the same functionality, but with a graphical user interface. (Researcher, 1999-2010)}}<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20180904215049/http://www.resorama.com/maarten/files https://web.archive.org/web//http://www.resorama.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20000903015527/http://www.iua.upf.es/~mdeboer/ --></ref> (using [[FLTK]]), [[ZynAddSubFX]], [[Yoshimi (synthesizer)\|Yoshimi]], and even more.

	==Concepts==		==Concepts==