Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling - Revision history

145.224.66.203: Fix moved link

2025-05-25T22:41:32Z

Fix moved link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:41, 25 May 2025
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* [https://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/software/bugs/ The BUGS Project]		* [https://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/software/bugs-project The BUGS Project]

	[[Category:Computational statistics]]		[[Category:Computational statistics]]

Tom.Reding: WP:STUBSPACING followup

2024-09-13T11:11:18Z

WP:STUBSPACING followup

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	[[Category:Computational statistics]]		[[Category:Computational statistics]]
	[[Category:Domain-specific programming languages]]		[[Category:Domain-specific programming languages]]


	{{statistics-stub}}		{{statistics-stub}}

Transcendental1618 at 18:15, 5 December 2023

2023-12-05T18:15:07Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:15, 5 December 2023
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			{{Short description\|Statistical software for Bayesian inference}}
	{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}		{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}

Citation bot: Add: pmc, s2cid, jstor, pmid, authors 1-1. Removed proxy/dead URL that duplicated identifier. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Corvus florensis | #UCB_webform 2242/3499

2023-02-17T14:45:37Z

Add: pmc, s2cid, jstor, pmid, authors 1-1. Removed proxy/dead URL that duplicated identifier. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Corvus florensis | #UCB_webform 2242/3499

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:45, 17 February 2023
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	{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}		{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}

	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling''' ('''BUGS''') is a [[statistical software]] for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (MCMC) methods. It was developed by [[David Spiegelhalter]] at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] in 1989 and released as free software in 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Lunn \|~~first~~=David \|last2=Spiegelhalter \|first2=David \|last3=Thomas \|first3=Andrew \|last4=Best \|first4=Nicky \|date=2009 \|title=The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions ~~\|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sim.3680~~ \|journal=Statistics in Medicine \|language=en \|volume=28 \|issue=25 \|pages=3049–3067 \|doi=10.1002/sim.3680 \|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book \|last=McGrayne \|first=Sharon Bertsch \|title=The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries \|publisher=[[Yale University Press]] \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780300188226 \|pages=226 \|language=en}}</ref>		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling''' ('''BUGS''') is a [[statistical software]] for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (MCMC) methods. It was developed by [[David Spiegelhalter]] at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] in 1989 and released as free software in 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|last1=Lunn \|first1=David \|last2=Spiegelhalter \|first2=David \|last3=Thomas \|first3=Andrew \|last4=Best \|first4=Nicky \|date=2009 \|title=The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions \|journal=Statistics in Medicine \|language=en \|volume=28 \|issue=25 \|pages=3049–3067 \|doi=10.1002/sim.3680 \|pmid=19630097 \|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book \|last=McGrayne \|first=Sharon Bertsch \|title=The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries \|publisher=[[Yale University Press]] \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780300188226 \|pages=226 \|language=en}}</ref>

	The BUGS project has evolved through four main versions: ClassicBUGS,<ref>{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Gilks \|~~first~~=W. R. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=A. \|last3=Spiegelhalter \|first3=D. J. \|date=1994 \|title=A Language and Program for Complex Bayesian Modelling \|url=https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2348941 \|journal=The Statistician \|volume=43 \|issue=1 \|pages=169–177 \|doi=10.2307/2348941}}</ref> [[WinBUGS]],<ref>{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Lunn \|~~first~~=David J. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Best \|first3=Nicky \|last4=Spiegelhalter \|first4=David \|date=2000 \|title=WinBUGS—A Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility \|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008929526011 \|journal=Statistics and Computing \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=325–337 \|doi=10.1023/A:1008929526011}}</ref> [[OpenBUGS]]<ref name=":0" /> and [https://www.multibugs.org/ MultiBUGS].<ref>{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Goudie \|~~first~~=Robert J. B. \|last2=Turner \|first2=Rebecca M. \|last3=De Angelis \|first3=Daniela \|last4=Thomas \|first4=Andrew \|date=2020 \|title=MultiBUGS: A Parallel Implementation of the BUGS Modeling Framework for Faster Bayesian Inference ~~\|url=http://www.jstatsoft.org/v95/i07/~~ \|journal=Journal of Statistical Software \|language=en \|volume=95 \|issue=7 \|pages=1–20 \|doi=10.18637/jss.v095.i07 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> MultiBUGS is built on the existing algorithms and tools in OpenBUGS and WinBUGS, which are no longer developed, and implements [[Parallel computing\|parallelization]] to speed up computation. Several [[R (programming language)\|R]] packages are available, [https://github.com/MultiBUGS/R2MultiBUGS R2MultiBUGS] acts as an interface to MultiBUGS, while [https://r-nimble.org/ Nimble] is an extension of the BUGS language.		The BUGS project has evolved through four main versions: ClassicBUGS,<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Gilks \|first1=W. R. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=A. \|last3=Spiegelhalter \|first3=D. J. \|date=1994 \|title=A Language and Program for Complex Bayesian Modelling \|url=https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2348941 \|journal=The Statistician \|volume=43 \|issue=1 \|pages=169–177 \|doi=10.2307/2348941\|jstor=2348941 }}</ref> [[WinBUGS]],<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Lunn \|first1=David J. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Best \|first3=Nicky \|last4=Spiegelhalter \|first4=David \|date=2000 \|title=WinBUGS—A Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility \|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008929526011 \|journal=Statistics and Computing \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=325–337 \|doi=10.1023/A:1008929526011\|s2cid=2722195 }}</ref> [[OpenBUGS]]<ref name=":0" /> and [https://www.multibugs.org/ MultiBUGS].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Goudie \|first1=Robert J. B. \|last2=Turner \|first2=Rebecca M. \|last3=De Angelis \|first3=Daniela \|last4=Thomas \|first4=Andrew \|date=2020 \|title=MultiBUGS: A Parallel Implementation of the BUGS Modeling Framework for Faster Bayesian Inference \|journal=Journal of Statistical Software \|language=en \|volume=95 \|issue=7 \|pages=1–20 \|doi=10.18637/jss.v095.i07 \|pmid=33071678 \|pmc=7116196 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> MultiBUGS is built on the existing algorithms and tools in OpenBUGS and WinBUGS, which are no longer developed, and implements [[Parallel computing\|parallelization]] to speed up computation. Several [[R (programming language)\|R]] packages are available, [https://github.com/MultiBUGS/R2MultiBUGS R2MultiBUGS] acts as an interface to MultiBUGS, while [https://r-nimble.org/ Nimble] is an extension of the BUGS language.

	Alternative implementations of the BUGS language include [[Just another Gibbs sampler\|JAGS]] and [[Stan (software)\|Stan]].		Alternative implementations of the BUGS language include [[Just another Gibbs sampler\|JAGS]] and [[Stan (software)\|Stan]].

VALiKOV: I've included new content and key references.

2022-12-26T23:40:48Z

I've included new content and key references.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:40, 26 December 2022
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	{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}		{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}

			'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling''' ('''BUGS''') is a [[statistical software]] for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (MCMC) methods. It was developed by [[David Spiegelhalter]] at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] in 1989 and released as free software in 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|last=Lunn \|first=David \|last2=Spiegelhalter \|first2=David \|last3=Thomas \|first3=Andrew \|last4=Best \|first4=Nicky \|date=2009 \|title=The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions \|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sim.3680 \|journal=Statistics in Medicine \|language=en \|volume=28 \|issue=25 \|pages=3049–3067 \|doi=10.1002/sim.3680 \|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book \|last=McGrayne \|first=Sharon Bertsch \|title=The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries \|publisher=[[Yale University Press]] \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780300188226 \|pages=226 \|language=en}}</ref>
	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).

			The BUGS project has evolved through four main versions: ClassicBUGS,<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Gilks \|first=W. R. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=A. \|last3=Spiegelhalter \|first3=D. J. \|date=1994 \|title=A Language and Program for Complex Bayesian Modelling \|url=https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2348941 \|journal=The Statistician \|volume=43 \|issue=1 \|pages=169–177 \|doi=10.2307/2348941}}</ref> [[WinBUGS]],<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Lunn \|first=David J. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Best \|first3=Nicky \|last4=Spiegelhalter \|first4=David \|date=2000 \|title=WinBUGS—A Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility \|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008929526011 \|journal=Statistics and Computing \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=325–337 \|doi=10.1023/A:1008929526011}}</ref> [[OpenBUGS]]<ref name=":0" /> and [https://www.multibugs.org/ MultiBUGS].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Goudie \|first=Robert J. B. \|last2=Turner \|first2=Rebecca M. \|last3=De Angelis \|first3=Daniela \|last4=Thomas \|first4=Andrew \|date=2020 \|title=MultiBUGS: A Parallel Implementation of the BUGS Modeling Framework for Faster Bayesian Inference \|url=http://www.jstatsoft.org/v95/i07/ \|journal=Journal of Statistical Software \|language=en \|volume=95 \|issue=7 \|pages=1–20 \|doi=10.18637/jss.v095.i07 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> MultiBUGS is built on the existing algorithms and tools in OpenBUGS and WinBUGS, which are no longer developed, and implements [[Parallel computing\|parallelization]] to speed up computation. Several [[R (programming language)\|R]] packages are available, [https://github.com/MultiBUGS/R2MultiBUGS R2MultiBUGS] acts as an interface to MultiBUGS, while [https://r-nimble.org/ Nimble] is an extension of the BUGS language.
	It was developed by David Spiegelhalter at the Medical Research Council’s biostatistics unit in Cambridge and released as free software in 1991. <ref> McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). “the theory that would not die” Yale University Press ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0</ref>

			Alternative implementations of the BUGS language include [[Just another Gibbs sampler\|JAGS]] and [[Stan (software)\|Stan]].
	BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>
	* [[Just another Gibbs sampler]]
	* [[OpenBUGS]]
	* [[WinBUGS]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

			== External links ==
			* [https://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/software/bugs/ The BUGS Project]

	[[Category:Computational statistics]]		[[Category:Computational statistics]]

Aldenrw: Fixed typo.

2022-07-11T13:55:19Z

Fixed typo.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:55, 11 July 2022
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	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).

	It was developed by David ~~Spigelhalter~~ at the Medical Research Council’s biostatistics unit in Cambridge and released as free software in 1991. <ref> McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). “the theory that would not die” Yale University Press ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0</ref>		It was developed by David Spiegelhalter at the Medical Research Council’s biostatistics unit in Cambridge and released as free software in 1991. <ref> McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). “the theory that would not die” Yale University Press ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0</ref>

	BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>		BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>

Aldenrw: Fix ref?

2022-07-11T01:54:01Z

Fix ref?

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:54, 11 July 2022
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	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).

	It was developed by David Spigelhalter at the Medical Research Council’s biostatistics unit in Cambridge and released as free software in 1991. <ref ~~name=~~“the theory that would not die”~~>Sharon~~ ~~Bertsch~~ ~~McGrayne~~ ~~(2011)~~ ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0 ~~page 226~~ </ref>		It was developed by David Spigelhalter at the Medical Research Council’s biostatistics unit in Cambridge and released as free software in 1991. <ref> McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch (2011). “the theory that would not die” Yale University Press ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0</ref>

	BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>		BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>

Aldenrw: Started adding developer attribution, found in “the theory that would not die”, by Sharon McGrayne. Todo: fix citation format.

2022-07-11T01:47:42Z

Started adding developer attribution, found in “the theory that would not die”, by Sharon McGrayne. Todo: fix citation format.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:47, 11 July 2022
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	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).

			It was developed by David Spigelhalter at the Medical Research Council’s biostatistics unit in Cambridge and released as free software in 1991. <ref name=“the theory that would not die”>Sharon Bertsch McGrayne (2011) ISBN 978-0-300-16969-0 page 226 </ref>

	BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>		BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>

Mechachleopteryx at 15:49, 3 September 2021

2021-09-03T15:49:27Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:49, 3 September 2021
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	{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}		{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}

	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (~~BUGs~~)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGS)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).

	BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>		BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>

David Eppstein: authorlinks

2019-09-13T22:17:24Z

authorlinks

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:17, 13 September 2019
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	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGs)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling (BUGs)''' is a software package for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (based on [[Gibbs sampling]]).

	BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, David Spiegelhalter, Andrew Thomas and Nicky Best (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>		BUGs is used in the following software:<ref name="BUGS review">David Lunn, [[David Spiegelhalter]], Andrew Thomas and [[Nicky Best]] (2009). [http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915083751/http://w3.jouy.inra.fr/unites/miaj/public/matrisq/Contacts/applibugs.bugs_project.evolution.pdf \|date=2012-09-15 }}, ''Statistics in Medicine'' 28 (25), 3049–3067. {{doi\|10.1002/sim.3680}} {{PMID\|19630097}}.</ref>
	* [[Just another Gibbs sampler]]		* [[Just another Gibbs sampler]]
	* [[OpenBUGS]]		* [[OpenBUGS]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:45, 17 February 2023
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	{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}		{{more citations needed\|date=March 2013}}

	'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling''' ('''BUGS''') is a [[statistical software]] for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (MCMC) methods. It was developed by [[David Spiegelhalter]] at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] in 1989 and released as free software in 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Lunn \|~~first~~=David \|last2=Spiegelhalter \|first2=David \|last3=Thomas \|first3=Andrew \|last4=Best \|first4=Nicky \|date=2009 \|title=The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions ~~\|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/sim.3680~~ \|journal=Statistics in Medicine \|language=en \|volume=28 \|issue=25 \|pages=3049–3067 \|doi=10.1002/sim.3680 \|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book \|last=McGrayne \|first=Sharon Bertsch \|title=The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries \|publisher=[[Yale University Press]] \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780300188226 \|pages=226 \|language=en}}</ref>		'''Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling''' ('''BUGS''') is a [[statistical software]] for performing [[Bayesian inference]] using [[Markov chain Monte Carlo]] (MCMC) methods. It was developed by [[David Spiegelhalter]] at the Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit in [[University of Cambridge\|Cambridge]] in 1989 and released as free software in 1991.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|last1=Lunn \|first1=David \|last2=Spiegelhalter \|first2=David \|last3=Thomas \|first3=Andrew \|last4=Best \|first4=Nicky \|date=2009 \|title=The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions \|journal=Statistics in Medicine \|language=en \|volume=28 \|issue=25 \|pages=3049–3067 \|doi=10.1002/sim.3680 \|pmid=19630097 \|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book \|last=McGrayne \|first=Sharon Bertsch \|title=The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries \|publisher=[[Yale University Press]] \|year=2012 \|isbn=9780300188226 \|pages=226 \|language=en}}</ref>

	The BUGS project has evolved through four main versions: ClassicBUGS,<ref>{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Gilks \|~~first~~=W. R. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=A. \|last3=Spiegelhalter \|first3=D. J. \|date=1994 \|title=A Language and Program for Complex Bayesian Modelling \|url=https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2348941 \|journal=The Statistician \|volume=43 \|issue=1 \|pages=169–177 \|doi=10.2307/2348941}}</ref> [[WinBUGS]],<ref>{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Lunn \|~~first~~=David J. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Best \|first3=Nicky \|last4=Spiegelhalter \|first4=David \|date=2000 \|title=WinBUGS—A Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility \|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008929526011 \|journal=Statistics and Computing \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=325–337 \|doi=10.1023/A:1008929526011}}</ref> [[OpenBUGS]]<ref name=":0" /> and [https://www.multibugs.org/ MultiBUGS].<ref>{{Cite journal \|~~last~~=Goudie \|~~first~~=Robert J. B. \|last2=Turner \|first2=Rebecca M. \|last3=De Angelis \|first3=Daniela \|last4=Thomas \|first4=Andrew \|date=2020 \|title=MultiBUGS: A Parallel Implementation of the BUGS Modeling Framework for Faster Bayesian Inference ~~\|url=http://www.jstatsoft.org/v95/i07/~~ \|journal=Journal of Statistical Software \|language=en \|volume=95 \|issue=7 \|pages=1–20 \|doi=10.18637/jss.v095.i07 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> MultiBUGS is built on the existing algorithms and tools in OpenBUGS and WinBUGS, which are no longer developed, and implements [[Parallel computing\|parallelization]] to speed up computation. Several [[R (programming language)\|R]] packages are available, [https://github.com/MultiBUGS/R2MultiBUGS R2MultiBUGS] acts as an interface to MultiBUGS, while [https://r-nimble.org/ Nimble] is an extension of the BUGS language.		The BUGS project has evolved through four main versions: ClassicBUGS,<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Gilks \|first1=W. R. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=A. \|last3=Spiegelhalter \|first3=D. J. \|date=1994 \|title=A Language and Program for Complex Bayesian Modelling \|url=https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2348941 \|journal=The Statistician \|volume=43 \|issue=1 \|pages=169–177 \|doi=10.2307/2348941\|jstor=2348941 }}</ref> [[WinBUGS]],<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Lunn \|first1=David J. \|last2=Thomas \|first2=Andrew \|last3=Best \|first3=Nicky \|last4=Spiegelhalter \|first4=David \|date=2000 \|title=WinBUGS—A Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility \|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1008929526011 \|journal=Statistics and Computing \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=325–337 \|doi=10.1023/A:1008929526011\|s2cid=2722195 }}</ref> [[OpenBUGS]]<ref name=":0" /> and [https://www.multibugs.org/ MultiBUGS].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Goudie \|first1=Robert J. B. \|last2=Turner \|first2=Rebecca M. \|last3=De Angelis \|first3=Daniela \|last4=Thomas \|first4=Andrew \|date=2020 \|title=MultiBUGS: A Parallel Implementation of the BUGS Modeling Framework for Faster Bayesian Inference \|journal=Journal of Statistical Software \|language=en \|volume=95 \|issue=7 \|pages=1–20 \|doi=10.18637/jss.v095.i07 \|pmid=33071678 \|pmc=7116196 \|doi-access=free}}</ref> MultiBUGS is built on the existing algorithms and tools in OpenBUGS and WinBUGS, which are no longer developed, and implements [[Parallel computing\|parallelization]] to speed up computation. Several [[R (programming language)\|R]] packages are available, [https://github.com/MultiBUGS/R2MultiBUGS R2MultiBUGS] acts as an interface to MultiBUGS, while [https://r-nimble.org/ Nimble] is an extension of the BUGS language.

	Alternative implementations of the BUGS language include [[Just another Gibbs sampler\|JAGS]] and [[Stan (software)\|Stan]].		Alternative implementations of the BUGS language include [[Just another Gibbs sampler\|JAGS]] and [[Stan (software)\|Stan]].