https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Chance_constrained_programming
Chance constrained programming - Revision history
2025-06-26T19:21:39Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:25, 10 June 2025</td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Solution Approaches ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Solution Approaches ==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>To solve CCP problems, the stochastic optimization problem is often relaxed into an equivalent deterministic problem. There are different approaches depending on the nature of the problem:</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>To solve CCP problems, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>stochastic optimization<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> problem is often relaxed into an equivalent deterministic problem. There are different approaches depending on the nature of the problem:</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Linear CCP''': For linear systems, the feasible region is typically convex, and the problem can be solved using [[linear programming]] techniques.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Linear CCP''': For linear systems, the feasible region is typically convex, and the problem can be solved using [[linear programming]] techniques.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Nonlinear CCP''': For nonlinear systems, the main challenge lies in computing the probabilities and their gradients. These problems often require [[nonlinear programming]] solvers.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Nonlinear CCP''': For nonlinear systems, the main challenge lies in computing the probabilities and their gradients. These problems often require [[nonlinear programming]] solvers.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Dynamic Systems''': Dynamic systems involve time-dependent uncertainties, and the solution approach must account for the propagation of uncertainty over time.<ref name=pu/></div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Dynamic Systems''': Dynamic systems involve time-dependent uncertainties, and the solution approach must account for the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>propagation of uncertainty<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> over time.<ref name=pu/></div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Practical Applications ==</div></td>
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<p>Alter: pages, issue. Added issue. Formatted <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ENDASH" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ENDASH">dashes</a>. | <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UCB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UCB">Use this bot</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DBUG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DBUG">Report bugs</a>. | Suggested by Dominic3203 | <a href="/wiki/Category:Stochastic_optimization" title="Category:Stochastic optimization">Category:Stochastic optimization</a> | #UCB_Category 13/27</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:24, 15 December 2024</td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Chance Constrained Programming (CCP)''' is a [[mathematical optimization]] approach used to handle problems under uncertainty. It was first introduced by [[Abraham Charnes|Charnes]] and [[William W. Cooper|Cooper]] in 1959 and further developed by Miller and Wagner in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Charnes |first1=Abraham |last2=Cooper |first2=William W. |title=Chance-Constrained Programming |journal=Management Science |date=1959 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">73-79</del> |doi=10.1287/mnsc.6.1.73}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=L. R. |last2=Wagner |first2=H. M. |title=Chance-constrained programming with joint constraints |journal=Operations Research |date=1965 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">930-945</del> |doi=10.1287/opre.13.6.930}}</ref> CCP is widely used in various fields, including [[finance]], [[engineering]], and [[operations research]], to optimize decision-making processes where certain constraints need to be satisfied with a specified probability.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Chance Constrained Programming (CCP)''' is a [[mathematical optimization]] approach used to handle problems under uncertainty. It was first introduced by [[Abraham Charnes|Charnes]] and [[William W. Cooper|Cooper]] in 1959 and further developed by Miller and Wagner in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Charnes |first1=Abraham |last2=Cooper |first2=William W. |title=Chance-Constrained Programming |journal=Management Science |date=1959 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">73–79</ins> |doi=10.1287/mnsc.6.1.73}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=L. R. |last2=Wagner |first2=H. M. |title=Chance-constrained programming with joint constraints |journal=Operations Research |date=1965 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">930–945</ins> |doi=10.1287/opre.13.6.930}}</ref> CCP is widely used in various fields, including [[finance]], [[engineering]], and [[operations research]], to optimize decision-making processes where certain constraints need to be satisfied with a specified probability.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Theoretical Background ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Practical Applications ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chance constrained programming is used in engineering for process optimisation under uncertainty and production planning and in finance for portfolio selection.<ref name=pu/> It has been applied to [[renewable energy]] integration,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zhang |first1=Ning |last2=Kang |first2=Chongqing |last3=Du |first3=Ershun |last4=Wang |first4=Yi |title=Analytics and Optimization for Renewable Energy Integration |date=2019 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780429847707 |page=180}}</ref> generating flight trajectory for [[UAV]]s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chai |first1=Runqi |title=Advanced Trajectory Optimization, Guidance and Control Strategies for Aerospace Vehicles |date=2023 |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |isbn=9789819943111 |page=131}}</ref> and robotic space exploration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ono |first1=Masahiro |last2=Pavone |first2=Marco |last3=Kuwata |first3=Yoshiaki |last4=Balaram |first4=J. |title=Chance-constrained dynamic programming with application to risk-aware robotic space exploration |journal=Autonomous Robots |date=2015 |volume=39 |pages=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">555-571</del> |doi=10.1007/s10514-015-9467-7}}</ref></div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chance constrained programming is used in engineering for process optimisation under uncertainty and production planning and in finance for portfolio selection.<ref name=pu/> It has been applied to [[renewable energy]] integration,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zhang |first1=Ning |last2=Kang |first2=Chongqing |last3=Du |first3=Ershun |last4=Wang |first4=Yi |title=Analytics and Optimization for Renewable Energy Integration |date=2019 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780429847707 |page=180}}</ref> generating flight trajectory for [[UAV]]s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chai |first1=Runqi |title=Advanced Trajectory Optimization, Guidance and Control Strategies for Aerospace Vehicles |date=2023 |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |isbn=9789819943111 |page=131}}</ref> and robotic space exploration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ono |first1=Masahiro |last2=Pavone |first2=Marco |last3=Kuwata |first3=Yoshiaki |last4=Balaram |first4=J. |title=Chance-constrained dynamic programming with application to risk-aware robotic space exploration |journal=Autonomous Robots |date=2015 |volume=39<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> |issue=4</ins> |pages=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">555–571</ins> |doi=10.1007/s10514-015-9467-7}}</ref></div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Process Optimization Under Uncertainty ===</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Process Optimization Under Uncertainty ===</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>CCP is used in [[chemical engineering|chemical]] and [[process engineering]] to optimize operations considering uncertainties in operating conditions and model parameters. For example, in optimizing the design and operation of chemical plants, CCP helps in achieving desired performance levels while accounting for uncertainties in feedstock quality, demand, and environmental conditions.<ref name=pu>{{cite journal |last1=Pu |first1=Pu |last2=Arellano-Garcia |first2=Harvey |last3=Wozny |first3=Günter |title=Chance constrained programming approach to process optimization under uncertainty |journal=Computers and Chemical Engineering |date=2008 |volume=32 |issue=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1-2</del> |pages=<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">25-45</del> |doi=10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.05.009}}</ref></div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>CCP is used in [[chemical engineering|chemical]] and [[process engineering]] to optimize operations considering uncertainties in operating conditions and model parameters. For example, in optimizing the design and operation of chemical plants, CCP helps in achieving desired performance levels while accounting for uncertainties in feedstock quality, demand, and environmental conditions.<ref name=pu>{{cite journal |last1=Pu |first1=Pu |last2=Arellano-Garcia |first2=Harvey |last3=Wozny |first3=Günter |title=Chance constrained programming approach to process optimization under uncertainty |journal=Computers and Chemical Engineering |date=2008 |volume=32 |issue=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1–2</ins> |pages=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">25–45</ins> |doi=10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.05.009}}</ref></div></td>
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Aadirulez8: v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Link equal to linktext)
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<p>v2.05 - Fix errors for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WCW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WCW">CW project</a> (Link equal to linktext)</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:09, 14 October 2024</td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>To solve CCP problems, the stochastic optimization problem is often relaxed into an equivalent deterministic problem. There are different approaches depending on the nature of the problem:</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>To solve CCP problems, the stochastic optimization problem is often relaxed into an equivalent deterministic problem. There are different approaches depending on the nature of the problem:</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Linear CCP''': For linear systems, the feasible region is typically convex, and the problem can be solved using [[linear programming]] techniques.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Linear CCP''': For linear systems, the feasible region is typically convex, and the problem can be solved using [[linear programming]] techniques.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* '''Nonlinear CCP''': For nonlinear systems, the main challenge lies in computing the probabilities and their gradients. These problems often require [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Nonlinear programming|</del>nonlinear programming]] solvers.</div></td>
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Aadirulez8
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1239536825&oldid=prev
Arjayay: Duplicate word removed
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chance constrained programming is used in engineering for process optimisation under uncertainty and production planning and in finance for portfolio selection.<ref name=pu/> It has been applied to [[renewable energy]] integration,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zhang |first1=Ning |last2=Kang |first2=Chongqing |last3=Du |first3=Ershun |last4=Wang |first4=Yi |title=Analytics and Optimization for Renewable Energy Integration |date=2019 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780429847707 |page=180}}</ref> generating flight trajectory for [[UAV]]s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chai |first1=Runqi |title=Advanced Trajectory Optimization, Guidance and Control Strategies for Aerospace Vehicles |date=2023 |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |isbn=9789819943111 |page=131}}</ref> and robotic space exploration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ono |first1=Masahiro |last2=Pavone |first2=Marco |last3=Kuwata |first3=Yoshiaki |last4=Balaram |first4=J. |title=Chance-constrained dynamic programming with application to risk-aware robotic space exploration |journal=Autonomous Robots |date=2015 |volume=39 |pages=555-571 |doi=10.1007/s10514-015-9467-7}}</ref></div></td>
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Arjayay
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1239504917&oldid=prev
Alaexis at 17:54, 9 August 2024
2024-08-09T17:54:00Z
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Alaexis
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1239479882&oldid=prev
Iwaqarhashmi: Added {{Uncategorized}} tag
2024-08-09T14:49:44Z
<p>Added {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Uncategorized" title="Template:Uncategorized">Uncategorized</a>}} tag</p>
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Iwaqarhashmi
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1239472293&oldid=prev
Alaexis: Alaexis moved page User:Alaexis/optimization to Chance constrained programming: Move to mainspace
2024-08-09T13:52:44Z
<p>Alaexis moved page <a href="/wiki/User:Alaexis/optimization" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Alaexis/optimization">User:Alaexis/optimization</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chance_constrained_programming" title="Chance constrained programming">Chance constrained programming</a>: Move to mainspace</p>
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Alaexis
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1239470995&oldid=prev
Alaexis at 13:43, 9 August 2024
2024-08-09T13:43:19Z
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Chance Constrained Programming (CCP)''' is a [[mathematical optimization]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">technique</del> used to handle problems under uncertainty. It was first introduced by [[Abraham Charnes|Charnes]] and [[William W. Cooper|Cooper]] in 1959 and further developed by Miller and Wagner in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Charnes |first1=Abraham |last2=Cooper |first2=William W. |title=Chance-Constrained Programming |journal=Management Science |date=1959 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73-79 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.6.1.73}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=L. R. |last2=Wagner |first2=H. M. |title=Chance-constrained programming with joint constraints |journal=Operations Research |date=1965 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=930-945 |doi=10.1287/opre.13.6.930}}</ref> CCP is widely used in various fields, including [[finance]], [[engineering]], and [[operations research]], to optimize decision-making processes where certain constraints need to be satisfied with a specified probability.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Chance Constrained Programming (CCP)''' is a [[mathematical optimization]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">approach</ins> used to handle problems under uncertainty. It was first introduced by [[Abraham Charnes|Charnes]] and [[William W. Cooper|Cooper]] in 1959 and further developed by Miller and Wagner in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Charnes |first1=Abraham |last2=Cooper |first2=William W. |title=Chance-Constrained Programming |journal=Management Science |date=1959 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73-79 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.6.1.73}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=L. R. |last2=Wagner |first2=H. M. |title=Chance-constrained programming with joint constraints |journal=Operations Research |date=1965 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=930-945 |doi=10.1287/opre.13.6.930}}</ref> CCP is widely used in various fields, including [[finance]], [[engineering]], and [[operations research]], to optimize decision-making processes where certain constraints need to be satisfied with a specified probability.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chance constrained programming is used in engineering for process optimisation under uncertainty and production planning and in finance for for portfolio selection.<ref name=pu/> It has been applied to generating flight trajectory for [[UAV]]s,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chai |first1=Runqi |title=Advanced Trajectory Optimization, Guidance and Control Strategies for Aerospace Vehicles |date=2023 |publisher=Springer Nature Singapore |isbn=9789819943111 |page=131}}</ref> and robotic space exploration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ono |first1=Masahiro |last2=Pavone |first2=Marco |last3=Kuwata |first3=Yoshiaki |last4=Balaram |first4=J. |title=Chance-constrained dynamic programming with application to risk-aware robotic space exploration |journal=Autonomous Robots |date=2015 |volume=39 |pages=555-571 |doi=10.1007/s10514-015-9467-7}}</ref></div></td>
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Alaexis
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1239118942&oldid=prev
Alaexis: /* Practical Applications */
2024-08-07T12:56:14Z
<p><span class="autocomment">Practical Applications</span></p>
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Alaexis
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chance_constrained_programming&diff=1238807996&oldid=prev
Alaexis: /* top */
2024-08-05T19:44:57Z
<p><span class="autocomment">top</span></p>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Chance Constrained Programming (CCP)''' is a mathematical optimization technique used to handle problems under uncertainty. It was first introduced by [[Abraham Charnes|Charnes]] and [[William W. Cooper|Cooper]] in 1959 and further developed by Miller and Wagner in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Charnes |first1=Abraham |last2=Cooper |first2=William W. |title=Chance-Constrained Programming |journal=Management Science |date=1959 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73-79 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.6.1.73}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=L. R. |last2=Wagner |first2=H. M. |title=Chance-constrained programming with joint constraints |journal=Operations Research |date=1965 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=930-945 |doi=10.1287/opre.13.6.930}}</ref> CCP is widely used in various fields, including [[finance]], [[engineering]], and [[operations research]], to optimize decision-making processes where certain constraints need to be satisfied with a specified probability.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Chance Constrained Programming (CCP)''' is a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>mathematical optimization<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> technique used to handle problems under uncertainty. It was first introduced by [[Abraham Charnes|Charnes]] and [[William W. Cooper|Cooper]] in 1959 and further developed by Miller and Wagner in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Charnes |first1=Abraham |last2=Cooper |first2=William W. |title=Chance-Constrained Programming |journal=Management Science |date=1959 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73-79 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.6.1.73}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=L. R. |last2=Wagner |first2=H. M. |title=Chance-constrained programming with joint constraints |journal=Operations Research |date=1965 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=930-945 |doi=10.1287/opre.13.6.930}}</ref> CCP is widely used in various fields, including [[finance]], [[engineering]], and [[operations research]], to optimize decision-making processes where certain constraints need to be satisfied with a specified probability.</div></td>
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Alaexis