Comparison of Java and Android API - Revision history

Entranced98: Adding intentionally blank description

2024-12-08T14:29:23Z

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	{{for\|the lawsuit\|Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.}}		{{for\|the lawsuit\|Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.}}
	This article compares the [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and [[virtual machine]]s (VMs) of the programming language [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and operating system [[Android (operating system)\|Android]].		This article compares the [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and [[virtual machine]]s (VMs) of the programming language [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and operating system [[Android (operating system)\|Android]].

178.218.117.5: Fixed a little incorrectness

2024-11-05T14:20:02Z

Fixed a little incorrectness

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	While most Android applications are written in Java-like language, there are some differences between the Java API and the Android API, and Android does not run [[Java bytecode]] by a traditional [[Java virtual machine]] (JVM), but instead by a [[Dalvik (software)\|Dalvik]] virtual machine in older versions of Android, and an [[Android Runtime]] (ART) in newer versions, that compile the same code that Dalvik runs to [[Executable and Linkable Format]] (ELF) executables containing [[machine code]].		While most Android applications are written in Java-like language, there are some differences between the Java API and the Android API, and Android does not run [[Java bytecode]] by a traditional [[Java virtual machine]] (JVM), but instead by a [[Dalvik (software)\|Dalvik]] virtual machine in older versions of Android, and an [[Android Runtime]] (ART) in newer versions, that compile the same code that Dalvik runs to [[Executable and Linkable Format]] (ELF) executables containing [[machine code]].

	Java bytecode in Java Archive ([[JAR (file format)\|JAR]]) files is not executed by Android devices. Instead, Java classes are compiled into a ~~proprietary~~ bytecode format and run on [[Dalvik (software)\|Dalvik]] (or compiled version thereof with newer ART), a specialized virtual machine (VM) designed for Android. Unlike Java VMs, which are [[stack machine]]s (stack-based architecture), the Dalvik VM is a [[register machine]] (register-based architecture).		Java bytecode in Java Archive ([[JAR (file format)\|JAR]]) files is not executed by Android devices. Instead, Java classes are compiled into an android bytecode (dex bytecode) format and run on [[Dalvik (software)\|Dalvik]] (or compiled version thereof with newer ART), a specialized virtual machine (VM) designed for Android. Unlike Java VMs, which are [[stack machine]]s (stack-based architecture), the Dalvik VM is a [[register machine]] (register-based architecture).

	Dalvik has some traits that differentiate it from other standard VMs:<ref>{{cite web		Dalvik has some traits that differentiate it from other standard VMs:<ref>{{cite web

PhotographyEdits: Add hatnote

2023-05-02T08:15:41Z

Add hatnote

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			{{for\|the lawsuit\|Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.}}
	This article compares the [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and [[virtual machine]]s (VMs) of the programming language [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and operating system [[Android (operating system)\|Android]].		This article compares the [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and [[virtual machine]]s (VMs) of the programming language [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and operating system [[Android (operating system)\|Android]].

HotMess: Fixing usage of Javadoc:SE

2022-11-13T02:36:20Z

Fixing usage of Javadoc:SE

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	===Graphics and widget library===		===Graphics and widget library===
	Android does not use the [[Abstract Window Toolkit]] nor the [[Swing (Java)\|Swing]] library. [[User interface]]s are built using View objects. Android uses a framework similar to Swing, based on {{Javadoc:Android\|android/view\|View}}s rather than {{Javadoc:SE\|javax/swing\|JComponent}}s. However, Android widgets are not [[JavaBean]]s: the Android application {{Javadoc:Android\|android/content\|Context}} must be provided to the widget at creation.		Android does not use the [[Abstract Window Toolkit]] nor the [[Swing (Java)\|Swing]] library. [[User interface]]s are built using View objects. Android uses a framework similar to Swing, based on {{Javadoc:Android\|android/view\|View}}s rather than {{Javadoc:SE\|javax/swing\|JComponent\|module=java.desktop}}s. However, Android widgets are not [[JavaBean]]s: the Android application {{Javadoc:Android\|android/content\|Context}} must be provided to the widget at creation.

	====Look and feel====		====Look and feel====

WikiCleanerBot: v2.04b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation)

2021-01-29T20:24:49Z

v2.04b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation)

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	\| access-date=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.		\| access-date=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.
	-->		-->
	Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Use Java 8 language features and APIs\|url=https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support\|access-date=2021-01-23\|website=Android Developers\|language=en}}</ref>.		Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Use Java 8 language features and APIs\|url=https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support\|access-date=2021-01-23\|website=Android Developers\|language=en}}</ref>

	===java.lang package===		===java.lang package===

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Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 10 templates: hyphenate params (9×);

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:43, 29 January 2021
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	\| first=John		\| first=John
	\| date=2008-05-31		\| date=2008-05-31
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2008-06-08		\| access-date=2008-06-08
	\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604070631/http://blogs.sun.com/jrose/entry/with_android_and_dalvik_at		\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604070631/http://blogs.sun.com/jrose/entry/with_android_and_dalvik_at
	\| archive-date=2008-06-04		\| archive-date=2008-06-04
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	\| author=Fred Chung		\| author=Fred Chung
	\| date=2011-07-28		\| date=2011-07-28
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2011-11-27		\| access-date=2011-11-27
	\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218204452/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/custom-class-loading-in-dalvik.html		\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218204452/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/custom-class-loading-in-dalvik.html
	\| archive-date=2014-02-18		\| archive-date=2014-02-18
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	\| date= 2007-11-12		\| date= 2007-11-12
	\| quote=''Instead of providing a full version of the Java SE or Java ME Google has diverged on two fronts. First, a limited subset of the core Java packages is provided. (...) By going this route Android is following in the footsteps of another Google project GWT which uses Java as its development language but does not support the full JDK''		\| quote=''Instead of providing a full version of the Java SE or Java ME Google has diverged on two fronts. First, a limited subset of the core Java packages is provided. (...) By going this route Android is following in the footsteps of another Google project GWT which uses Java as its development language but does not support the full JDK''
	\| ~~accessdate~~= 2009-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web		\| access-date= 2009-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	\| url= http://droidtutorials.blogspot.com/2010/02/alternative-to-point2d.html		\| url= http://droidtutorials.blogspot.com/2010/02/alternative-to-point2d.html
	\| title= Alternative to Point2D		\| title= Alternative to Point2D
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	\| date= 2010-02-12		\| date= 2010-02-12
	\| quote=''Given that AWT is not supported in Android API, the Point2D class, which is useful for writing 2D graphics, is missing either''		\| quote=''Given that AWT is not supported in Android API, the Point2D class, which is useful for writing 2D graphics, is missing either''
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2010-02-17}}</ref> (e.g., [[Java ME]] classes, [[Abstract Window Toolkit\|AWT]] or [[Swing (Java)\|Swing]] are not supported). Instead it uses its own library<ref>{{cite web		\| access-date=2010-02-17}}</ref> (e.g., [[Java ME]] classes, [[Abstract Window Toolkit\|AWT]] or [[Swing (Java)\|Swing]] are not supported). Instead it uses its own library<ref>{{cite web
	\| url=http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html		\| url=http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html
	\| title=Package Index		\| title=Package Index
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.		\| access-date=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.
	-->		-->
	Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Use Java 8 language features and APIs\|url=https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support\|access-date=2021-01-23\|website=Android Developers\|language=en}}</ref>.		Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Use Java 8 language features and APIs\|url=https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support\|access-date=2021-01-23\|website=Android Developers\|language=en}}</ref>.
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	\| quote=''By default, the Android system sends stdout and stderr (System.out and System.err) output to /dev/null.''		\| quote=''By default, the Android system sends stdout and stderr (System.out and System.err) output to /dev/null.''
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2009-05-31}}</ref> and developers are encouraged to use the {{Javadoc:Android\|android/util\|Log}} class, which logs Strings on the LogCat tool.<ref>{{cite web		\| access-date=2009-05-31}}</ref> and developers are encouraged to use the {{Javadoc:Android\|android/util\|Log}} class, which logs Strings on the LogCat tool.<ref>{{cite web
	\| url=http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/debugging/debugging-log.html		\| url=http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/debugging/debugging-log.html
	\| title=Reading and Writing Logs		\| title=Reading and Writing Logs
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2011-11-27		\| access-date=2011-11-27
	\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122031803/http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/debugging/debugging-log.html		\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122031803/http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/debugging/debugging-log.html
	\| archive-date=2011-11-22		\| archive-date=2011-11-22
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	\| title=Applying Styles and Themes		\| title=Applying Styles and Themes
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2011-09-03		\| access-date=2011-09-03
	\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224922/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/themes.html#ApplyAStyle		\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224922/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/themes.html#ApplyAStyle
	\| archive-date=2014-03-28		\| archive-date=2014-03-28
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	\| title=Common Layout Objects		\| title=Common Layout Objects
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| ~~accessdate~~=2011-09-03}}</ref>		\| access-date=2011-09-03}}</ref>

	===java.beans package===		===java.beans package===

Jsamwrites: /* Class library */ Add references #1lib1ref

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Class library: Add references #1lib1ref

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	\| accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.		\| accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.
	-->		-->
	Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android{{~~citation~~ ~~needed~~\|date=~~May~~ ~~2020~~}}.		Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Use Java 8 language features and APIs\|url=https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support\|access-date=2021-01-23\|website=Android Developers\|language=en}}</ref>.

	===java.lang package===		===java.lang package===

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1

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Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1

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	Because the bytecode loaded by the Dalvik virtual machine is not Java bytecode and due to the way Dalvik loads classes, it is impossible to load library packages as [[JAR (file format)\|jar files]]. A different procedure must be used to load Android libraries, in which the content of the underlying <code>dex</code> file must be copied in the application private internal storage area before it is loaded.<ref>{{cite web		Because the bytecode loaded by the Dalvik virtual machine is not Java bytecode and due to the way Dalvik loads classes, it is impossible to load library packages as [[JAR (file format)\|jar files]]. A different procedure must be used to load Android libraries, in which the content of the underlying <code>dex</code> file must be copied in the application private internal storage area before it is loaded.<ref>{{cite web
	\| url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/custom-class-loading-in-dalvik.html		\| url=http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/custom-class-loading-in-dalvik.html
	\| title=Custom Class Loading in Dalvik		\| title=Custom Class Loading in Dalvik
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| author=Fred Chung		\| author=Fred Chung
	\| date=2011-07-28		\| date=2011-07-28
	\| accessdate=2011-11-27~~}}</ref>~~		\| accessdate=2011-11-27
			\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218204452/http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/07/custom-class-loading-in-dalvik.html
			\| archive-date=2014-02-18
			\| url-status=dead
			}}</ref>

	==System properties==		==System properties==
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	\| title=Applying Styles and Themes		\| title=Applying Styles and Themes
	\| publisher=[[Google]]		\| publisher=[[Google]]
	\| accessdate=2011-09-03~~}}</ref>~~		\| accessdate=2011-09-03
			\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328224922/http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/themes.html#ApplyAStyle
			\| archive-date=2014-03-28
			\| url-status=dead
			}}</ref>

	====Layout manager====		====Layout manager====

AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}

2020-05-04T10:47:32Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}

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	\| accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.		\| accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.
	-->		-->
	Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android{{citation needed}}.		Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}.

	===java.lang package===		===java.lang package===

37.47.226.182 at 08:46, 4 May 2020

2020-05-04T08:46:40Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:46, 4 May 2020
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	\| accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.		\| accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref> built on a subset of the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation.
	-->		-->
	Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android.		Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) frameworks), not the [[Apache Harmony]] Java implementation, that older versions used. [[Java 8]] source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android{{citation needed}}.

	===java.lang package===		===java.lang package===

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:29, 8 December 2024
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			{{Short description\|none}}
	{{for\|the lawsuit\|Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.}}		{{for\|the lawsuit\|Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.}}
	This article compares the [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and [[virtual machine]]s (VMs) of the programming language [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and operating system [[Android (operating system)\|Android]].		This article compares the [[application programming interface]]s (APIs) and [[virtual machine]]s (VMs) of the programming language [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and operating system [[Android (operating system)\|Android]].