Computer Animation Production System - Revision history

2405:9800:B900:6425:9050:7977:58E6:A964: /* Decline and eventual replacement */

2025-06-04T16:29:43Z

Decline and eventual replacement

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:29, 4 June 2025
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	== Decline and eventual replacement ==		== Decline and eventual replacement ==
	{{unreferenced section\|date=May 2016}}		{{unreferenced section\|date=May 2016}}
	''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002) and ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)\|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) under-performed financially in their theatrical runs. This, combined with the success of [[CGI-animated]] feature films from [[Pixar Animation Studios]] and competitor [[DreamWorks Animation]], eventually prompted Walt Disney Feature Animation's management team to close down their traditional 2D animation department in 2004. The CAPS desks were removed and the custom automated scanning cameras were dismantled and officially scrapped. By 2005, only one desk system remained, and that was only for reading the data for the films that had been made with CAPS.		''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002) and ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)\|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) under-performed financially in their theatrical runs. This, combined with the success of [[CGI-animated]] feature films from [[Pixar\|Pixar Animation Studios]] and competitor [[DreamWorks Animation]], eventually prompted Walt Disney Feature Animation's management team to close down their traditional 2D animation department in 2004. The CAPS desks were removed and the custom automated scanning cameras were dismantled and officially scrapped. By 2005, only one desk system remained, and that was only for reading the data for the films that had been made with CAPS.

	In 2007, [[John Lasseter]] became the studio's new head of management team and called for the 2D animation unit's reopening. Rather than return to CAPS, however, Disney's subsequent traditionally animated feature and short film production projects ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'' (2007), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]'' (2011), and ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\|Winnie the Pooh]]'' (2011) were produced using [[Toon Boom Animation]]'s [[Toon Boom#Harmony\|Toon Boom Harmony]] commercial animation computer software, which offered a more up-to-date modern contemporary digital animation system.		In 2007, [[John Lasseter]] became the studio's new head of management team and called for the 2D animation unit's reopening. Rather than return to CAPS, however, Disney's subsequent traditionally animated feature and short film production projects ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'' (2007), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]'' (2011), and ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\|Winnie the Pooh]]'' (2011) were produced using [[Toon Boom Animation]]'s [[Toon Boom#Harmony\|Toon Boom Harmony]] commercial animation computer software, which offered a more up-to-date modern contemporary digital animation system.

Calmira90: return to last good version - improper formatting including wp:NOPIPEDLINK - wp:disruptive wp:cleanup Special:Contributions/74.80.50.86 (re 1289453490)

2025-05-08T19:22:27Z

return to last good version - improper formatting including wp:NOPIPEDLINK - wp:disruptive wp:cleanup Special:Contributions/74.80.50.86 (re 1289453490)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:22, 8 May 2025
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	== History and evolution ==		== History and evolution ==
	The Computer Graphics Lab at the [[~~New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab\|~~New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>		The Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>

	The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>		The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>

74.80.50.86 at 14:25, 8 May 2025

2025-05-08T14:25:01Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:25, 8 May 2025
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	''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002) and ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)\|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) under-performed financially in their theatrical runs. This, combined with the success of [[CGI-animated]] feature films from [[Pixar Animation Studios]] and competitor [[DreamWorks Animation]], eventually prompted Walt Disney Feature Animation's management team to close down their traditional 2D animation department in 2004. The CAPS desks were removed and the custom automated scanning cameras were dismantled and officially scrapped. By 2005, only one desk system remained, and that was only for reading the data for the films that had been made with CAPS.		''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002) and ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)\|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) under-performed financially in their theatrical runs. This, combined with the success of [[CGI-animated]] feature films from [[Pixar Animation Studios]] and competitor [[DreamWorks Animation]], eventually prompted Walt Disney Feature Animation's management team to close down their traditional 2D animation department in 2004. The CAPS desks were removed and the custom automated scanning cameras were dismantled and officially scrapped. By 2005, only one desk system remained, and that was only for reading the data for the films that had been made with CAPS.

	In 2007, [[John Lasseter]] became the studio's new head of management team and called for the 2D animation unit's reopening. Rather than return to CAPS, however, Disney's subsequent traditionally animated feature and short film production projects ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'' (2007), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]'' (2011), and ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\|Winnie the Pooh]]'' (2011) were produced using [[Toon Boom ~~Technologies~~]]'s [[Toon Boom#Harmony\|Toon Boom Harmony]] commercial animation computer software, which offered a more up-to-date modern contemporary digital animation system.		In 2007, [[John Lasseter]] became the studio's new head of management team and called for the 2D animation unit's reopening. Rather than return to CAPS, however, Disney's subsequent traditionally animated feature and short film production projects ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'' (2007), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]'' (2011), and ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\|Winnie the Pooh]]'' (2011) were produced using [[Toon Boom Animation]]'s [[Toon Boom#Harmony\|Toon Boom Harmony]] commercial animation computer software, which offered a more up-to-date modern contemporary digital animation system.

	== Disney animated projects produced using CAPS ==		== Disney animated projects produced using CAPS ==

74.80.50.86 at 14:24, 8 May 2025

2025-05-08T14:24:17Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:24, 8 May 2025
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	''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002) and ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)\|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) under-performed financially in their theatrical runs. This, combined with the success of [[CGI-animated]] feature films from [[Pixar Animation Studios]] and competitor [[DreamWorks Animation]], eventually prompted Walt Disney Feature Animation's management team to close down their traditional 2D animation department in 2004. The CAPS desks were removed and the custom automated scanning cameras were dismantled and officially scrapped. By 2005, only one desk system remained, and that was only for reading the data for the films that had been made with CAPS.		''[[Treasure Planet]]'' (2002) and ''[[Home on the Range (2004 film)\|Home on the Range]]'' (2004) under-performed financially in their theatrical runs. This, combined with the success of [[CGI-animated]] feature films from [[Pixar Animation Studios]] and competitor [[DreamWorks Animation]], eventually prompted Walt Disney Feature Animation's management team to close down their traditional 2D animation department in 2004. The CAPS desks were removed and the custom automated scanning cameras were dismantled and officially scrapped. By 2005, only one desk system remained, and that was only for reading the data for the films that had been made with CAPS.

	In 2007, [[John Lasseter]] became the studio's new head of management team and called for the 2D animation unit's reopening. Rather than return to CAPS, however, Disney's subsequent traditionally animated feature and short film production projects ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'' (2007), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]'' (2011), and ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\|Winnie the Pooh]]'' (2011) were produced using [[Toon Boom ~~Animation~~]]'s [[Toon Boom#Harmony\|Toon Boom Harmony]] commercial animation computer software, which offered a more up-to-date modern contemporary digital animation system.		In 2007, [[John Lasseter]] became the studio's new head of management team and called for the 2D animation unit's reopening. Rather than return to CAPS, however, Disney's subsequent traditionally animated feature and short film production projects ''[[How to Hook Up Your Home Theater]]'' (2007), ''[[The Princess and the Frog]]'' (2009), ''[[The Ballad of Nessie]]'' (2011), and ''[[Winnie the Pooh (2011 film)\|Winnie the Pooh]]'' (2011) were produced using [[Toon Boom Technologies]]'s [[Toon Boom#Harmony\|Toon Boom Harmony]] commercial animation computer software, which offered a more up-to-date modern contemporary digital animation system.

	== Disney animated projects produced using CAPS ==		== Disney animated projects produced using CAPS ==

74.80.50.86 at 09:49, 8 May 2025

2025-05-08T09:49:27Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:49, 8 May 2025
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	{[[{Walt Disney Animation Studios]]}}		{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}
	{{[[Pixar]]}}		{{Pixar}}

	[[Category:Film and video technology]]		[[Category:Film and video technology]]

74.80.50.86 at 09:48, 8 May 2025

2025-05-08T09:48:58Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:48, 8 May 2025
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	== History and evolution ==		== History and evolution ==
	The Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>		The Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab\|New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>

	The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>		The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{Walt Disney Animation Studios}}		{[[{Walt Disney Animation Studios]]}}
	{{Pixar}}		{{[[Pixar]]}}

	[[Category:Film and video technology]]		[[Category:Film and video technology]]

68.235.255.125: Added new reference for proof of CAPS use for in Post production. IMDb does not state any information.

2025-05-05T03:43:20Z

Added new reference for proof of CAPS use for in Post production. IMDb does not state any information.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:43, 5 May 2025
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	* ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'' (1992)		* ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'' (1992)
	* ''[[Hocus Pocus (1993 film)\|Hocus Pocus]]'' (1993)		* ''[[Hocus Pocus (1993 film)\|Hocus Pocus]]'' (1993)
	* ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' (1993)<ref name="IMDB Nightmare">{{cite web \|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107688/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast \|title= The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) - Full Cast & Crew \|work=IMDb \|publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. \|access-date=2014-09-15 \|quote=caps personnel }}</ref>		* ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' (1993)<ref name="IMDB Nightmare">{{cite web \|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107688/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast \|title= The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) - Full Cast & Crew \|work=IMDb \|publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. \|access-date=2014-09-15 \|quote=caps personnel }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=July 29, 2021 \|title=Stop Motion Without Compromise: The Nightmare Before Christmas \|url=https://theasc.com/articles/nightmare-before-christmas \|url-status=live \|access-date=May 4, 2025 \|website=American Cinematographer}}</ref>
	* ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994)		* ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994)
	* ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)\|Pocahontas]]'' (1995)		* ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)\|Pocahontas]]'' (1995)

62.89.140.34: /* History and evolution */

2025-03-24T12:27:58Z

History and evolution

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:27, 24 March 2025
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	The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>		The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>

	In the early days of CAPS, Disney ~~did~~ not discuss the system in public, being afraid that "the magic would go away" if people found out that computers were involved.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.fxguide.com/featured/alvy-ray-smith-rgba-the-birth-of-compositing-the-founding-of-pixar/\|title=Alvy Ray Smith: RGBA, the birth of compositing & the founding of Pixar\|date=5 July 2012\|work=fxguide.com\|access-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> Computer Graphics World<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cgw.com/\|title=Visual Effects - Computer Graphics World - 3D Modeling - Animation - CGI\|work=cgw.com\|access-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> magazine, in 1994, was the first to have a look at the process.<ref>{{cite magazine \|last=Robertson \|first=Barbara \|date=July 1994 \|title=Disney lets CAPS out of the bag \|url=https://business.highbeam.com/410504/article-1G1-16175916/disney-lets-caps-out-bag \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015555/https://business.highbeam.com/410504/article-1G1-16175916/disney-lets-caps-out-bag \|archive-date=December 26, 2015 \|access-date=December 25, 2015 \|magazine=Computer Graphics World \|publisher= \|quote=}}</ref>		In the early days of CAPS, Disney chose not to discuss the system in public, being afraid that "the magic would go away" if people found out that computers were involved.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.fxguide.com/featured/alvy-ray-smith-rgba-the-birth-of-compositing-the-founding-of-pixar/\|title=Alvy Ray Smith: RGBA, the birth of compositing & the founding of Pixar\|date=5 July 2012\|work=fxguide.com\|access-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> Computer Graphics World<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.cgw.com/\|title=Visual Effects - Computer Graphics World - 3D Modeling - Animation - CGI\|work=cgw.com\|access-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> magazine, in 1994, was the first to have a look at the process.<ref>{{cite magazine \|last=Robertson \|first=Barbara \|date=July 1994 \|title=Disney lets CAPS out of the bag \|url=https://business.highbeam.com/410504/article-1G1-16175916/disney-lets-caps-out-bag \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226015555/https://business.highbeam.com/410504/article-1G1-16175916/disney-lets-caps-out-bag \|archive-date=December 26, 2015 \|access-date=December 25, 2015 \|magazine=Computer Graphics World \|publisher= \|quote=}}</ref>

	== Awards ==		== Awards ==

Chrisahn: Undid revision 1282030724 by 80.238.108.34 (talk)

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Undid revision 1282030724 by 80.238.108.34 (talk)

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	== History and evolution ==		== History and evolution ==
	Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>		The Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>

	The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>		The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>

80.238.108.34: /* History and evolution */

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History and evolution

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:51, 23 March 2025
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	== History and evolution ==		== History and evolution ==
	~~The~~ Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>		Computer Graphics Lab at the [[New York Institute of Technology]] developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called ''Measure for Measure.'' Industry developments with computer systems led [[Marc Levoy]] of [[Cornell University]] and [[Hanna-Barbera\|Hanna-Barbera Productions]] to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.<ref>Bruce Wallace, ''Merging and Transformation of Raster Images for Cartoon Animation,'' Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1981, Vol 15, No. 3, Aug. 1981, 253-262.</ref>

	The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>		The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's [[Spaceship Earth (Epcot)\|Spaceship Earth]] for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)\|The Little Mermaid]]'' in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2010/Volume-33-Issue-1-Jan-2010-/The-Tradition-Lives-On.aspx\|title=The Tradition Lives On\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|author= Barbara Robertson\|access-date=11 November 2016\|volume=33\|issue=1\|date=January 2010}}</ref> After ''Mermaid'', films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, ''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'', was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)\|Beauty and the Beast]]'', ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'', ''[[The Lion King]]'', and ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)\|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.<ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|last1=Robertson\|first1=Barbara\|title=Part 7: Movie Retrospective\|date=July 2002\|volume=25\|issue=7\|url=https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2002/Volume-25-Issue-7-July-2002-/Part-7-Movie-Retrospective.aspx\|quote=December 1991 Although 3D graphics debuted in earlier Disney animations, Beauty and the Beast is the first in which hand-drawn characters appear in a 3D background. Every frame of the film is scanned, created, or composited within Disney's computer animation production system (CAPS) co-developed with Pixar. (Premiere: (11/91)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|journal=Computer Graphics World\|url =https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2012/Volume-35-Issue-6-Oct-Nov-2012-/Timeline.aspx\|title=Timeline\|date=Oct–Nov 2012\|volume=35\|issue=6\|quote = DECEMBER 1991: Beauty and the Beast is the first Disney film with hand-drawn characters in a 3D background. Every frame is scanned, created, or composited within CAPS.}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:43, 5 May 2025
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	* ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'' (1992)		* ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)\|Aladdin]]'' (1992)
	* ''[[Hocus Pocus (1993 film)\|Hocus Pocus]]'' (1993)		* ''[[Hocus Pocus (1993 film)\|Hocus Pocus]]'' (1993)
	* ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' (1993)<ref name="IMDB Nightmare">{{cite web \|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107688/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast \|title= The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) - Full Cast & Crew \|work=IMDb \|publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. \|access-date=2014-09-15 \|quote=caps personnel }}</ref>		* ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' (1993)<ref name="IMDB Nightmare">{{cite web \|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107688/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast \|title= The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) - Full Cast & Crew \|work=IMDb \|publisher=IMDb.com, Inc. \|access-date=2014-09-15 \|quote=caps personnel }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|date=July 29, 2021 \|title=Stop Motion Without Compromise: The Nightmare Before Christmas \|url=https://theasc.com/articles/nightmare-before-christmas \|url-status=live \|access-date=May 4, 2025 \|website=American Cinematographer}}</ref>
	* ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994)		* ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994)
	* ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)\|Pocahontas]]'' (1995)		* ''[[Pocahontas (1995 film)\|Pocahontas]]'' (1995)