Crack intro - Revision history

185.137.137.154 at 05:49, 20 May 2025

2025-05-20T05:49:21Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:49, 20 May 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{Use British English\|date=December 2024}}		{{Use British English\|date=December 2024}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2024}}

	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a scrolling text marquee at the bottom of the screen.]]		[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a scrolling text marquee at the bottom of the screen.]]

176.108.139.1: remove nested comment tags

2025-03-23T02:34:59Z

remove nested comment tags

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:34, 23 March 2025
Line 38:		Line 38:

	<!-- not currently used as a citation		<!-- not currently used as a citation
	<ref name="donovan2010">{{cite book\|author=Tristan Donovan\|title=Replay: The History of Video Games\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lrSSAAACAAJ\|year=2010\|publisher=Yellow Ant\|isbn=978-0-9565072-0-4}}~~<!--http://pastebin.com/pnQcM3tE-->~~</ref> -->		<ref name="donovan2010">{{cite book\|author=Tristan Donovan\|title=Replay: The History of Video Games\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lrSSAAACAAJ\|year=2010\|publisher=Yellow Ant\|isbn=978-0-9565072-0-4}}</ref> -->

	<!-- News, magazine -->		<!-- News, magazine -->

Ylee: /* References */ Cite swap

2025-01-14T15:43:58Z

References: Cite swap

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:43, 14 January 2025
Line 42:		Line 42:
	<!-- News, magazine -->		<!-- News, magazine -->

	<ref name="kevelson198510">{{~~cite~~ news \|url=https://archive.org/~~stream~~/~~Ahoy_Issue_22_1985~~-~~10_Ion_International_US#~~page/~~n69~~/mode/~~2up~~ \|~~title~~=~~Isepic~~ \|work=Ahoy! ~~\|date=October 1985 \|last=Kevelson \|first=Morton~~ \|pages=71–73}}</ref>		<ref name="kevelson198510">{{Cite news \|last=Kevelson \|first=Morton \|date=October 1985 \|title=Isepic \|url=https://archive.org/details/ahoy-magazine-22/page/n70/mode/1up?view=theater \|access-date=2025-01-14 \|work=Ahoy! \|pages=71–73}}</ref>
	<ref name="EuroGamer">{{cite web \|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=291159 \|title=Linger in Shadows \|first=Dan \|last=Whitehead \|date=2008-11-12 \|website=[[Eurogamer]] \|access-date=2010-10-23 \|quote=Amateur coders busy cracking the copy-protection on the latest Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum games got into the habit of marking their work with an animated intro - or "cracktro" - inserted before the game began. \|archive-date=2019-09-24 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924195029/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/linger-in-shadows-hands-on \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		<ref name="EuroGamer">{{cite web \|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/article.php?article_id=291159 \|title=Linger in Shadows \|first=Dan \|last=Whitehead \|date=2008-11-12 \|website=[[Eurogamer]] \|access-date=2010-10-23 \|quote=Amateur coders busy cracking the copy-protection on the latest Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum games got into the habit of marking their work with an animated intro - or "cracktro" - inserted before the game began. \|archive-date=2019-09-24 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924195029/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/linger-in-shadows-hands-on \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	<ref name="0dayartTheVerge">{{cite web\|last=Kopfstein\|first=Janus\|title=0-Day Art: saving digital art one torrent at a time - Net pirate provocateurs challenge the monetization of online works \|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/4/23/2961601/0-day-art-digital-art-torrents-piracy\|work=TheVerge\|date=2012-04-23\|access-date=2012-04-26}}</ref>		<ref name="0dayartTheVerge">{{cite web\|last=Kopfstein\|first=Janus\|title=0-Day Art: saving digital art one torrent at a time - Net pirate provocateurs challenge the monetization of online works \|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/4/23/2961601/0-day-art-digital-art-torrents-piracy\|work=TheVerge\|date=2012-04-23\|access-date=2012-04-26}}</ref>

Chaheel Riens: ce

2024-12-06T16:17:11Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:17, 6 December 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Credit sequence added to cracked software}}		{{Short description\|Credit sequence added to cracked software}}
			{{Use British English\|date=December 2024}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2024}}

	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a scrolling text marquee at the bottom of the screen.]]		[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a scrolling text marquee at the bottom of the screen.]]
	A '''crack intro''', also known as a '''cracktro''', '''loader''', or just '''intro''', is a small introduction sequence added to [[Software cracking\|cracked software]]. It aims to inform the user which "cracking crew" or individual cracker removed the software's [[copy protection]] and distributed the crack.<ref name="EuroGamer" /><ref name="wired"/><ref name="0dayartTheVerge"/>		A '''crack intro''', also known as a '''cracktro''', '''loader''', or just '''intro''', is a small introduction sequence added to [[Software cracking\|cracked software]]. It aims to inform the user which cracking crew or individual cracker removed the software's [[copy protection]] and distributed the crack.<ref name="EuroGamer" /><ref name="wired"/><ref name="0dayartTheVerge"/>

	==History==		==History==
Line 14:		Line 17:
	Crack-intro programming eventually became an art form in its own right, and people started coding intros without attaching them to a crack just to show off how well they could program. This practice evolved into the [[demoscene]].<ref name="EuroGamer"/>		Crack-intro programming eventually became an art form in its own right, and people started coding intros without attaching them to a crack just to show off how well they could program. This practice evolved into the [[demoscene]].<ref name="EuroGamer"/>

	Crack intros and other small software created by [[Software cracker\|software crackers]] such as [[Keygen\|keygens]] and [[Patch (computing)\|patches]] that remove protection from commercial applications often use ~~chiptunes~~ in the form of background music. These chiptunes are now still accessible as downloadable ''[[Module file#Music disk\|musicdisks]]'' or ''musicpacks''.<ref name="chiptunes2009"/>		Crack intros and other small software created by [[Software cracker\|software crackers]] such as [[Keygen\|keygens]] and [[Patch (computing)\|patches]] that remove protection from commercial applications often use [[chiptune]]s in the form of background music. These chiptunes are now still accessible as downloadable ''[[Module file#Music disk\|musicdisks]]'' or ''musicpacks''.<ref name="chiptunes2009"/>

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Chiptune]]
	* [[Demoscene]]
	* [[Hacker subculture]]		* [[Hacker subculture]]
	* [[List of warez groups]]		* [[List of warez groups]]

Surv1v4l1st: /* Further reading */ +WL

2024-11-16T01:21:36Z

Dgpop: updated link

2024-07-01T20:13:33Z

updated link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:13, 1 July 2024
Line 5:		Line 5:

	==History==		==History==
	Crack intros first appeared on [[~~Apple II series\|~~Apple II]] computers in the late 1970s or early 1980s,<ref name="wired" /><ref name="jason_scott_2010" /><ref name="reunanen2010" /> and then on [[ZX Spectrum]], [[Commodore 64]] and [[Amstrad CPC]] games that were distributed around the world via [[Bulletin Board System]]s (BBSes) and [[floppy disk]] copying.<ref name="reunanen2010"/> By 1985, when reviewing the commercially available [[ISEPIC]] cartridge which adds a custom crack intro to [[memory dump]]s of Commodore 64 software, ''[[Ahoy!]]'' wrote that such intros were "in the tradition of the true hacker".<ref name="kevelson198510"/> Early crack intros resemble [[graffiti]] in many ways, although they invaded the [[private sphere]] and not the public space.<ref name="carlsson2009" /><ref name="kotlinski2009" />		Crack intros first appeared on [[Apple II]] computers in the late 1970s or early 1980s,<ref name="wired" /><ref name="jason_scott_2010" /><ref name="reunanen2010" /> and then on [[ZX Spectrum]], [[Commodore 64]] and [[Amstrad CPC]] games that were distributed around the world via [[Bulletin Board System]]s (BBSes) and [[floppy disk]] copying.<ref name="reunanen2010"/> By 1985, when reviewing the commercially available [[ISEPIC]] cartridge which adds a custom crack intro to [[memory dump]]s of Commodore 64 software, ''[[Ahoy!]]'' wrote that such intros were "in the tradition of the true hacker".<ref name="kevelson198510"/> Early crack intros resemble [[graffiti]] in many ways, although they invaded the [[private sphere]] and not the public space.<ref name="carlsson2009" /><ref name="kotlinski2009" />

	As time went on, crack intros became a medium to demonstrate the purported superiority of a cracking group.<ref name="jason_scott_2010" /> Such intros grew very complex, sometimes exceeding the size<ref name="arstechnica2013" /> and complexity<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.digitalekultur.org/files/dk_whatisthedemoscene.pdf\|title=The Demoscene\|publisher=Digitale Kultur e.V.\|access-date=2010-10-25}}		As time went on, crack intros became a medium to demonstrate the purported superiority of a cracking group.<ref name="jason_scott_2010" /> Such intros grew very complex, sometimes exceeding the size<ref name="arstechnica2013" /> and complexity<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.digitalekultur.org/files/dk_whatisthedemoscene.pdf\|title=The Demoscene\|publisher=Digitale Kultur e.V.\|access-date=2010-10-25}}

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Eastmain - 19781

2024-06-01T01:03:57Z

Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (Eastmain - 19781

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:03, 1 June 2024
Line 31:		Line 31:
	<ref name="reunanen2010">{{cite thesis \|title=Computer Demos – What Makes Them Tick? \|last=Reunanen \|first=Markku \|date=2010-04-23 \|publisher=[[Aalto University]] \|url=http://www.kameli.net/demoresearch2/reunanen-licthesis.pdf}}</ref>		<ref name="reunanen2010">{{cite thesis \|title=Computer Demos – What Makes Them Tick? \|last=Reunanen \|first=Markku \|date=2010-04-23 \|publisher=[[Aalto University]] \|url=http://www.kameli.net/demoresearch2/reunanen-licthesis.pdf}}</ref>
	<ref name="carlsson2009">{{cite conference \|url=http://www.mat.ucsb.edu/Publications/burbano_MAH2009.pdf \|title=The Forgotten Pioneers of Creative Hacking and Social Networking – Introducing the Demoscene \|last1=Carlsson \|first1=Anders \|date=2009 \|publisher=Cubitt, Sean & Thomas, Paul (eds.) \|book-title=Re:live: Media Art Histories 2009 Conference Proceedings \|pages=16–20 \|location=University of Melbourne & Victorian College of the Arts and Music \|isbn=978-0-9807186-3-8}}</ref>		<ref name="carlsson2009">{{cite conference \|url=http://www.mat.ucsb.edu/Publications/burbano_MAH2009.pdf \|title=The Forgotten Pioneers of Creative Hacking and Social Networking – Introducing the Demoscene \|last1=Carlsson \|first1=Anders \|date=2009 \|publisher=Cubitt, Sean & Thomas, Paul (eds.) \|book-title=Re:live: Media Art Histories 2009 Conference Proceedings \|pages=16–20 \|location=University of Melbourne & Victorian College of the Arts and Music \|isbn=978-0-9807186-3-8}}</ref>
	<ref name="kotlinski2009">{{cite web \|url=http://chipflip.org/dox/kotlinski_(2009)_amiga_music_programs_89-95.pdf \|title=Amiga Music Programs 1985–1995 \|last1=Kotlinski \|first1=Johan \|date=2009}}<!--A seminar paper on the history of Amiga music programs, mostly trackers.--></ref>		<ref name="kotlinski2009">{{cite web \|url=http://chipflip.org/dox/kotlinski_(2009)_amiga_music_programs_89-95.pdf \|title=Amiga Music Programs 1985–1995 \|last1=Kotlinski \|first1=Johan \|date=2009 }}{{Dead link\|date=June 2024 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}<!--A seminar paper on the history of Amiga music programs, mostly trackers.--></ref>
	<ref name="chiptunes2009">{{cite journal \|url=http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/96/94 \|title=Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes \|first1=Driscoll \|last1=Kevin \|first2=Joshua \|last2=Diaz \|year=2009 \|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]\|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.3983/twc.2009.0096 \|quote=As the demo scene established its independence, chiptunes were carried out of the gaming sphere altogether to finally establish their own stand-alone format: the downloadable musicdisk.\|doi-access=free }}</ref>		<ref name="chiptunes2009">{{cite journal \|url=http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/96/94 \|title=Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes \|first1=Driscoll \|last1=Kevin \|first2=Joshua \|last2=Diaz \|year=2009 \|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]\|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.3983/twc.2009.0096 \|quote=As the demo scene established its independence, chiptunes were carried out of the gaming sphere altogether to finally establish their own stand-alone format: the downloadable musicdisk.\|doi-access=free }}</ref>

CompuHacker: changed "has a text running" to "has a scrolling text marquee" to be completely unambiguous

2024-05-11T04:10:29Z

changed "has a text running" to "has a scrolling text marquee" to be completely unambiguous

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:10, 11 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|Credit sequence added to cracked software}}		{{Short description\|Credit sequence added to cracked software}}
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a text ~~running~~ at the bottom of the screen.]]		[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a scrolling text marquee at the bottom of the screen.]]
	A '''crack intro''', also known as a '''cracktro''', '''loader''', or just '''intro''', is a small introduction sequence added to [[Software cracking\|cracked software]]. It aims to inform the user which "cracking crew" or individual cracker removed the software's [[copy protection]] and distributed the crack.<ref name="EuroGamer" /><ref name="wired"/><ref name="0dayartTheVerge"/>		A '''crack intro''', also known as a '''cracktro''', '''loader''', or just '''intro''', is a small introduction sequence added to [[Software cracking\|cracked software]]. It aims to inform the user which "cracking crew" or individual cracker removed the software's [[copy protection]] and distributed the crack.<ref name="EuroGamer" /><ref name="wired"/><ref name="0dayartTheVerge"/>

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

2023-12-26T06:31:18Z

Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:31, 26 December 2023
Line 58:		Line 58:
	* Patryk Wasiak, [http://www.zeithistorische-forschungen.de/16126041-Wasiak-2-2012 ‘Illegal Guys’]. A History of Digital Subcultures in Europe during the 1980s, in: Zeithistorische Forschungen/Studies in Contemporary History, Online-Ausgabe, 9 (2012), H. 2		* Patryk Wasiak, [http://www.zeithistorische-forschungen.de/16126041-Wasiak-2-2012 ‘Illegal Guys’]. A History of Digital Subcultures in Europe during the 1980s, in: Zeithistorische Forschungen/Studies in Contemporary History, Online-Ausgabe, 9 (2012), H. 2
	* {{cite web \|first=George \|last=Borzyskowski \|date=November 1996 \|title=The Hacker Demo Scene and Its Cultural Artifacts \|url=http://greent.mindnever.org/demoscene.pdf \|publisher=Curtin University of Technology}}<!-- A paper presented at the Cybermind Conference 1996 in Perth, Australia --> Read online: [http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/ http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/].		* {{cite web \|first=George \|last=Borzyskowski \|date=November 1996 \|title=The Hacker Demo Scene and Its Cultural Artifacts \|url=http://greent.mindnever.org/demoscene.pdf \|publisher=Curtin University of Technology}}<!-- A paper presented at the Cybermind Conference 1996 in Perth, Australia --> Read online: [http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/ http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/].
	* Hastik, Canan; Steinmetz, Arnd (2012a): [http://canan.hastik.de/science/cerc2012.pdf Demoscene Artists and Community]. In Bours, Patrick; Humm, Bernhard; Loew, Robert; Stengel, Ingo; Walsh, Paul (eds.): Proceedings of CERC 2012, pp. 43–48.		* Hastik, Canan; Steinmetz, Arnd (2012a): [http://canan.hastik.de/science/cerc2012.pdf Demoscene Artists and Community] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212154444/http://canan.hastik.de/science/cerc2012.pdf \|date=2013-12-12 }}. In Bours, Patrick; Humm, Bernhard; Loew, Robert; Stengel, Ingo; Walsh, Paul (eds.): Proceedings of CERC 2012, pp. 43–48.
	* Driscoll, Kevin; Diaz, Joshua (2009): [http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/96/94 Endless Loop: A Brief History of Chiptunes]. Transformative Works and Cultures 9, 2009.		* Driscoll, Kevin; Diaz, Joshua (2009): [http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/96/94 Endless Loop: A Brief History of Chiptunes]. Transformative Works and Cultures 9, 2009.
	* {{cite journal \|url=http://widerscreen.fi/numerot/2014-1-2/crackers-became-us-demosceners/ \|title=How Those Crackers Became Us Demosceners \|first=Markku \|last=Reunanen \|date=2014-04-15 \|journal=WiderScreen \|issue=1–2}}		* {{cite journal \|url=http://widerscreen.fi/numerot/2014-1-2/crackers-became-us-demosceners/ \|title=How Those Crackers Became Us Demosceners \|first=Markku \|last=Reunanen \|date=2014-04-15 \|journal=WiderScreen \|issue=1–2}}
Line 65:		Line 65:
	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.intros.c64.org World of C64 Crackintros] – A large collection of C64 cracktros in native "prg" file format (supported by most C64 emulators)		* [http://www.intros.c64.org World of C64 Crackintros] – A large collection of C64 cracktros in native "prg" file format (supported by most C64 emulators)
	* [http://www.defacto2.net/cracktros.cfm Defacto2] – Hundreds of cracktros, loaders and installers for the PC		* [http://www.defacto2.net/cracktros.cfm Defacto2] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231045334/http://www.defacto2.net/cracktros.cfm \|date=2005-12-31 }} – Hundreds of cracktros, loaders and installers for the PC
	* [http://amp.dascene.net Amiga Music Preservation] – Thousands of cracktros in all tracker formats.		* [http://amp.dascene.net Amiga Music Preservation] – Thousands of cracktros in all tracker formats.
	* [http://www.chiptune.com/ Chiptune.com] – A chiptune dedicated website containing thousands of chiptunes from Amiga and other formats. The website itself emulates the [[Amiga Workbench\|Amiga Workbench 1.3]].		* [http://www.chiptune.com/ Chiptune.com] – A chiptune dedicated website containing thousands of chiptunes from Amiga and other formats. The website itself emulates the [[Amiga Workbench\|Amiga Workbench 1.3]].

GhostInTheMachine: Shorten short description — WP:SDSHORT

2023-10-30T19:19:58Z

Shorten short description — WP:SDSHORT

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:19, 30 October 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|~~Small introduction~~ sequence added to ~~a piece of~~ cracked software~~, with the main purpose of informing about the author of the crack~~}}		{{Short description\|Credit sequence added to cracked software}}
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a text running at the bottom of the screen.]]		[[File:Quartex.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Cracktro for the cracking group Quartex on [[Amiga]]. A typical crack intro has a text running at the bottom of the screen.]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:21, 16 November 2024
Line 55:		Line 55:

	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* {{cite journal \|first1=Markku \|last1=Reunanen \|first2=Patryk \|last2=Wasiak \|first3=Daniel \|last3=Botz \|title=Crack Intros: Piracy, Creativity and Communication \|journal=International Journal of Communication \|volume=9 \|pages=798–817 \|year=2015 \|issn=1932-8036 \|url=http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3731}}		* {{cite journal \|first1=Markku \|last1=Reunanen \|first2=Patryk \|last2=Wasiak \|first3=Daniel \|last3=Botz \|title=Crack Intros: Piracy, Creativity and Communication \|journal=[[International Journal of Communication]] \|volume=9 \|pages=798–817 \|year=2015 \|issn=1932-8036 \|url=http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3731}}
	* Patryk Wasiak, [http://www.zeithistorische-forschungen.de/16126041-Wasiak-2-2012 ‘Illegal Guys’]. A History of Digital Subcultures in Europe during the 1980s, in: Zeithistorische Forschungen/Studies in Contemporary History, Online-Ausgabe, 9 (2012), H. 2		* Patryk Wasiak, [http://www.zeithistorische-forschungen.de/16126041-Wasiak-2-2012 ‘Illegal Guys’]. A History of Digital Subcultures in Europe during the 1980s, in: Zeithistorische Forschungen/Studies in Contemporary History, Online-Ausgabe, 9 (2012), H. 2
	* {{cite web \|first=George \|last=Borzyskowski \|date=November 1996 \|title=The Hacker Demo Scene and Its Cultural Artifacts \|url=http://greent.mindnever.org/demoscene.pdf \|publisher=Curtin University of Technology}}<!-- A paper presented at the Cybermind Conference 1996 in Perth, Australia --> Read online: [http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/ http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/].		* {{cite web \|first=George \|last=Borzyskowski \|date=November 1996 \|title=The Hacker Demo Scene and Its Cultural Artifacts \|url=http://greent.mindnever.org/demoscene.pdf \|publisher=Curtin University of Technology}}<!-- A paper presented at the Cybermind Conference 1996 in Perth, Australia --> Read online: [http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/ http://www.scheib.net/play/demos/what/borzyskowski/].

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:03, 1 June 2024
Line 31:		Line 31:
	<ref name="reunanen2010">{{cite thesis \|title=Computer Demos – What Makes Them Tick? \|last=Reunanen \|first=Markku \|date=2010-04-23 \|publisher=[[Aalto University]] \|url=http://www.kameli.net/demoresearch2/reunanen-licthesis.pdf}}</ref>		<ref name="reunanen2010">{{cite thesis \|title=Computer Demos – What Makes Them Tick? \|last=Reunanen \|first=Markku \|date=2010-04-23 \|publisher=[[Aalto University]] \|url=http://www.kameli.net/demoresearch2/reunanen-licthesis.pdf}}</ref>
	<ref name="carlsson2009">{{cite conference \|url=http://www.mat.ucsb.edu/Publications/burbano_MAH2009.pdf \|title=The Forgotten Pioneers of Creative Hacking and Social Networking – Introducing the Demoscene \|last1=Carlsson \|first1=Anders \|date=2009 \|publisher=Cubitt, Sean & Thomas, Paul (eds.) \|book-title=Re:live: Media Art Histories 2009 Conference Proceedings \|pages=16–20 \|location=University of Melbourne & Victorian College of the Arts and Music \|isbn=978-0-9807186-3-8}}</ref>		<ref name="carlsson2009">{{cite conference \|url=http://www.mat.ucsb.edu/Publications/burbano_MAH2009.pdf \|title=The Forgotten Pioneers of Creative Hacking and Social Networking – Introducing the Demoscene \|last1=Carlsson \|first1=Anders \|date=2009 \|publisher=Cubitt, Sean & Thomas, Paul (eds.) \|book-title=Re:live: Media Art Histories 2009 Conference Proceedings \|pages=16–20 \|location=University of Melbourne & Victorian College of the Arts and Music \|isbn=978-0-9807186-3-8}}</ref>
	<ref name="kotlinski2009">{{cite web \|url=http://chipflip.org/dox/kotlinski_(2009)_amiga_music_programs_89-95.pdf \|title=Amiga Music Programs 1985–1995 \|last1=Kotlinski \|first1=Johan \|date=2009}}<!--A seminar paper on the history of Amiga music programs, mostly trackers.--></ref>		<ref name="kotlinski2009">{{cite web \|url=http://chipflip.org/dox/kotlinski_(2009)_amiga_music_programs_89-95.pdf \|title=Amiga Music Programs 1985–1995 \|last1=Kotlinski \|first1=Johan \|date=2009 }}{{Dead link\|date=June 2024 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}<!--A seminar paper on the history of Amiga music programs, mostly trackers.--></ref>
	<ref name="chiptunes2009">{{cite journal \|url=http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/96/94 \|title=Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes \|first1=Driscoll \|last1=Kevin \|first2=Joshua \|last2=Diaz \|year=2009 \|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]\|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.3983/twc.2009.0096 \|quote=As the demo scene established its independence, chiptunes were carried out of the gaming sphere altogether to finally establish their own stand-alone format: the downloadable musicdisk.\|doi-access=free }}</ref>		<ref name="chiptunes2009">{{cite journal \|url=http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/96/94 \|title=Endless loop: A brief history of chiptunes \|first1=Driscoll \|last1=Kevin \|first2=Joshua \|last2=Diaz \|year=2009 \|journal=[[Transformative Works and Cultures]]\|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.3983/twc.2009.0096 \|quote=As the demo scene established its independence, chiptunes were carried out of the gaming sphere altogether to finally establish their own stand-alone format: the downloadable musicdisk.\|doi-access=free }}</ref>