Exploding tree - Revision history

180.150.112.176: Lede doesn't need reference for a claim well cited in main body/ References 1-5 support his statement adequately.

2025-01-25T11:15:42Z

Lede doesn't need reference for a claim well cited in main body/ References 1-5 support his statement adequately.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:15, 25 January 2025
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	{{Short description\|Natural Phenomenon that occurs in trees.}}		{{Short description\|Natural Phenomenon that occurs in trees.}}
	[[File:Lightning damage.jpg\|thumb\|A tree trunk that exploded after being hit by lightning]]		[[File:Lightning damage.jpg\|thumb\|A tree trunk that exploded after being hit by lightning]]
	A tree may explode when stresses in its trunk increase due to extreme cold,~~{{citation needed\|date=January 2025}}~~ heat, or [[lightning]], causing it to split suddenly.		A tree may explode when stresses in its trunk increase due to extreme cold, heat, or [[lightning]], causing it to split suddenly.

	==Causes==		==Causes==

AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}

2025-01-13T16:54:09Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:54, 13 January 2025
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	{{Short description\|Natural Phenomenon that occurs in trees.}}		{{Short description\|Natural Phenomenon that occurs in trees.}}
	[[File:Lightning damage.jpg\|thumb\|A tree trunk that exploded after being hit by lightning]]		[[File:Lightning damage.jpg\|thumb\|A tree trunk that exploded after being hit by lightning]]
	A tree may explode when stresses in its trunk increase due to extreme cold,{{citation needed}} heat, or [[lightning]], causing it to split suddenly.		A tree may explode when stresses in its trunk increase due to extreme cold,{{citation needed\|date=January 2025}} heat, or [[lightning]], causing it to split suddenly.

	==Causes==		==Causes==

83.245.151.47 at 14:53, 13 January 2025

2025-01-13T14:53:32Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:53, 13 January 2025
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	{{Short description\|Natural Phenomenon that occurs in trees.}}		{{Short description\|Natural Phenomenon that occurs in trees.}}
	[[File:Lightning damage.jpg\|thumb\|A tree trunk that exploded after being hit by lightning]]		[[File:Lightning damage.jpg\|thumb\|A tree trunk that exploded after being hit by lightning]]
	A tree may explode when stresses in its trunk increase due to extreme cold, heat, or [[lightning]], causing it to split suddenly.		A tree may explode when stresses in its trunk increase due to extreme cold,{{citation needed}} heat, or [[lightning]], causing it to split suddenly.

	==Causes==		==Causes==

Grosa at 20:17, 8 November 2024

2024-11-08T20:17:23Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:17, 8 November 2024
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	[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Robert L. Santos \|year=1997 \|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species \|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm \|url-status=dead \|location=Denair, California \|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm \|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Ted Williams \|date=January–February 2002 \|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed \|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm \|url-status=dead \|journal=Audubon Magazine \|publisher=Robert Sward \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm \|archive-date=2009-09-09 \|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref><ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>		[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Robert L. Santos \|year=1997 \|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species \|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm \|url-status=dead \|location=Denair, California \|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm \|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Ted Williams \|date=January–February 2002 \|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed \|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm \|url-status=dead \|journal=Audubon Magazine \|publisher=Robert Sward \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm \|archive-date=2009-09-09 \|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref><ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>

	Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>		Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>

	Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016</ref>		Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016</ref>
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	==April Fools' Day hoax==		==April Fools' Day hoax==
	Exploding trees were the subject of a 2005 [[April Fools' Day]] hoax in the United States, covered by [[National Public Radio]], stating that [[maple]] trees in [[New England]] had been exploding due to a failure to collect their sap, causing pressure to build from the inside.<ref name="NPR">{{Cite news \|last=Robert Siegel \|date=2005-04-01 \|title=April Fool's: New England Suffers Maple Woes \|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4571982 \|work=NPR.org \|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref> The [[root pressure]] in a maple tree is approximately 0.1[[megapascal\|MPa]], one standard atmosphere, which is insufficient to cause a tree to explode.<ref name="Holladay">{{Cite web \|last=Holladay \|first=April \|date=2007-02-07 \|title=Buying genetic pets; Exploding sap trees; Non-blinking cows \|url=http://wonderquest.com/genetic-pets-exploding-trees.htm \|website=WonderQuest}}</ref><ref name="Webb">{{Cite web \|last=Webb \|first=David T. \|title=Transpiration \|url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/bot311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920144611/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/BOT311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm \|archive-date=2009-09-20 \|access-date=2009-09-27 \|website=BOT 311 Spring 2006 Syllabus \|publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa]]}}</ref>		Exploding trees were the subject of a 2005 [[April Fools' Day]] hoax in the United States, covered by [[National Public Radio]], stating that [[maple]] trees in [[New England]] had been exploding due to a failure to collect their sap, causing pressure to build from the inside.<ref name="NPR">{{Cite news \|last=Robert Siegel \|date=2005-04-01 \|title=April Fool's: New England Suffers Maple Woes \|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4571982 \|work=NPR.org \|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref> The [[root pressure]] in a maple tree is approximately 0.1 [[megapascal\|MPa]], one standard atmosphere, which is insufficient to cause a tree to explode.<ref name="Holladay">{{Cite web \|last=Holladay \|first=April \|date=2007-02-07 \|title=Buying genetic pets; Exploding sap trees; Non-blinking cows \|url=http://wonderquest.com/genetic-pets-exploding-trees.htm \|website=WonderQuest}}</ref><ref name="Webb">{{Cite web \|last=Webb \|first=David T. \|title=Transpiration \|url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/bot311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920144611/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/BOT311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm \|archive-date=2009-09-20 \|access-date=2009-09-27 \|website=BOT 311 Spring 2006 Syllabus \|publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa]]}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

Grosa: /* Cold */

2024-11-08T20:12:48Z

Cold

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:12, 8 November 2024
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	===Cold===		===Cold===

	Cold weather will cause some trees to shatter by freezing the sap, because it contains water, which expands as it freezes, creating a sound like a [[gunshot]].<ref name="Levin">{{Cite book \|last=Judith Levin \|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeathighaltitu0000levi/page/10 \|title=Life at a High Altitude \|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group \|year=2004 \|isbn=0-8239-3987-1 \|series=Life in extreme environments \|page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeathighaltitu0000levi/page/10 10]}}</ref><ref name="Dorn">{{Cite journal \|last=Jonathan Dorn \|date=May 2000 \|title=Pop Goes the Forest \|journal=Backpacker Magazine \|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc. \|volume=28 \|issue=186, number 4 \|page=72 \|issn=0277-867X}}</ref> The sound is produced as the tree bark splits, with the wood contracting as the sap expands.<ref name="Dorn" /><ref name="Holladay" /> [[John Claudius Loudon]] described this effect of cold on trees in his ''Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', in the entry for frosts, as follows{{ref\|Hutton\|1}}:		Cold weather will cause some trees to shatter by freezing the sap, because it contains water, which expands as it freezes, creating a sound like a [[gunshot]].<ref name="Levin">{{Cite book \|last=Judith Levin \|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeathighaltitu0000levi/page/10 \|title=Life at a High Altitude \|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group \|year=2004 \|isbn=0-8239-3987-1 \|series=Life in extreme environments \|page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeathighaltitu0000levi/page/10 10]}}</ref><ref name="Dorn">{{Cite journal \|last=Jonathan Dorn \|date=May 2000 \|title=Pop Goes the Forest \|journal=Backpacker Magazine \|publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc. \|volume=28 \|issue=186, number 4 \|page=72 \|issn=0277-867X}}</ref> The sound is produced as the tree bark splits, with the wood contracting as the sap expands.<ref name="Dorn" /><ref name="Holladay" /> [[John Claudius Loudon]] described this effect of cold on trees in his ''Encyclopaedia of Gardening'', in the entry for frosts, as follows:{{ref\|Hutton\|1}}
	{{quote\|text=The history of frosts furnishes very extraordinary facts. The trees are often scorched and burnt up, as with the most excessive heat, in consequence of the separation of water from the air, which is therefore very drying. In the great frost in 1683, the trunks of oak, ash, walnut, and other trees, were miserably split and cleft, so that they might be seen through, and the cracks often attended with dreadful noises like the explosion of fire-arms. In the frost of 1837–8 large bushes of heath had their stems split by the frost into shreds, and the wood of the evergreen oak and that of the sweet bay was cracked and split in a similar manner.\|sign=[[John Claudius Loudon]]\|source=''Encyclopaedia of Gardening''<ref name="Beecher">{{Cite book \|last=Henry Ward Beecher \|author-link=Henry Ward Beecher \|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924000019772 \|title=Plain and pleasant talk about fruits, flowers and farming \|publisher=Derby & Jackson \|year=1859 \|location=New York \|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924000019772/page/n105 100]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia \|year=1901 \|encyclopedia=The New Popular Encyclopedia \|publisher=The Gresham Publishing Company \|location=London and Glasgow \|editor-last=Charles Annandale \|editor-link=Charles Annandale \|volume=VI \|page=37 \|article=Frost}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|text=The history of frosts furnishes very extraordinary facts. The trees are often scorched and burnt up, as with the most excessive heat, in consequence of the separation of water from the air, which is therefore very drying. In the great frost in 1683, the trunks of oak, ash, walnut, and other trees, were miserably split and cleft, so that they might be seen through, and the cracks often attended with dreadful noises like the explosion of fire-arms. In the frost of 1837–8 large bushes of heath had their stems split by the frost into shreds, and the wood of the evergreen oak and that of the sweet bay was cracked and split in a similar manner.\|sign=[[John Claudius Loudon]]\|source=''Encyclopaedia of Gardening''<ref name="Beecher">{{Cite book \|last=Henry Ward Beecher \|author-link=Henry Ward Beecher \|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924000019772 \|title=Plain and pleasant talk about fruits, flowers and farming \|publisher=Derby & Jackson \|year=1859 \|location=New York \|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924000019772/page/n105 100]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia \|year=1901 \|encyclopedia=The New Popular Encyclopedia \|publisher=The Gresham Publishing Company \|location=London and Glasgow \|editor-last=Charles Annandale \|editor-link=Charles Annandale \|volume=VI \|page=37 \|article=Frost}}</ref>}}

	[[Henry Ward Beecher]] records anecdotal evidence of the wood from which instrument cases and carrying boxes were splitting in temperatures of {{convert\|-70\|F\|C}} in Captain Bach's travels near the [[Great Slave Lake]].<ref name="Beecher" /> Linda Runyon, author of books on wilderness living, recounts her experience of the effect of cold on maple trees as follows:		[[Henry Ward Beecher]] records anecdotal evidence of the wood from which instrument cases and carrying boxes were splitting in temperatures of {{convert\|-70\|F\|C}} in Captain Bach's travels near the [[Great Slave Lake]].<ref name="Beecher" /> Linda Runyon, author of books on wilderness living, recounts her experience of the effect of cold on maple trees as follows:
	{{quote\|text=I was relaxing in front of a fire in the crispness of early morning when Crack! A sound like an explosion came from behind me in the woods. I scanned the trees and saw that a maple tree had "exploded". The explosion caused a big crack in the tree about three feet high. When a winter wind stirs the frozen trees, they sometimes appear to burst vertically. When it was 40 degrees below zero at night, I lay awake and listened to the trees explode. That's a true wilderness thermometer!\|sign=Linda Runyon\|source=''The Essential Wild Food Survival Guide ''<ref name="Runyon">{{Cite book \|last=Linda Runyon \|title=The Essential Wild Food Survival Guide \|publisher=Lulu.com \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-936699-10-3 \|page=97}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|text=I was relaxing in front of a fire in the crispness of early morning when Crack! A sound like an explosion came from behind me in the woods. I scanned the trees and saw that a maple tree had "exploded". The explosion caused a big crack in the tree about three feet high. When a winter wind stirs the frozen trees, they sometimes appear to burst vertically. When it was 40 degrees below zero at night, I lay awake and listened to the trees explode. That's a true wilderness thermometer!\|sign=Linda Runyon\|source=''The Essential Wild Food Survival Guide''<ref name="Runyon">{{Cite book \|last=Linda Runyon \|title=The Essential Wild Food Survival Guide \|publisher=Lulu.com \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-936699-10-3 \|page=97}}</ref>}}

	Wally and Shirley Loudon reported the effect of the freeze of December 1968 upon their orchard in [[Carlton, Washington]] as follows:<ref name="Holladay" />		Wally and Shirley Loudon reported the effect of the freeze of December 1968 upon their orchard in [[Carlton, Washington]] as follows:<ref name="Holladay" />
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	To the [[Sioux]] of [[The Dakotas]] and the [[Cree]], the first new moon of the new year is known, in various dialects, as the "Moon of the Cold-Exploding Trees".<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Joseph Kinsey Howard \|title=Strange empire: a narrative of the Northwest \|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press \|year=1994 \|isbn=0-87351-298-7 \|series=Borealis Books \|page=43}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Edmund Morris \|url=https://archive.org/details/riseoftheodorero00morr_0 \|title=The rise of Theodore Roosevelt \|publisher=Modern Library \|year=2001 \|isbn=0-375-75678-7 \|series=Modern Library Paperbacks Series \|page=[https://archive.org/details/riseoftheodorero00morr_0/page/365 365] \|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=James Earl Sherow \|url=https://archive.org/details/grasslandsunited00sher \|title=The grasslands of the United States: an environmental history \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-1-85109-720-3 \|series=Nature and human societies \|page=[https://archive.org/details/grasslandsunited00sher/page/n120 105] \|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Sidney Kirkpatrick \|url=https://archive.org/details/revengeofthomase00kirk/page/337 \|title=The revenge of Thomas Eakins \|publisher=Yale University Press \|year=2006 \|isbn=0-300-10855-9 \|series=[[Henry McBride (art critic)\|Henry McBride]] series in modernism and modernity \|page=[https://archive.org/details/revengeofthomase00kirk/page/337 337]}}</ref>		To the [[Sioux]] of [[The Dakotas]] and the [[Cree]], the first new moon of the new year is known, in various dialects, as the "Moon of the Cold-Exploding Trees".<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Joseph Kinsey Howard \|title=Strange empire: a narrative of the Northwest \|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press \|year=1994 \|isbn=0-87351-298-7 \|series=Borealis Books \|page=43}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Edmund Morris \|url=https://archive.org/details/riseoftheodorero00morr_0 \|title=The rise of Theodore Roosevelt \|publisher=Modern Library \|year=2001 \|isbn=0-375-75678-7 \|series=Modern Library Paperbacks Series \|page=[https://archive.org/details/riseoftheodorero00morr_0/page/365 365] \|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=James Earl Sherow \|url=https://archive.org/details/grasslandsunited00sher \|title=The grasslands of the United States: an environmental history \|publisher=ABC-CLIO \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-1-85109-720-3 \|series=Nature and human societies \|page=[https://archive.org/details/grasslandsunited00sher/page/n120 105] \|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Sidney Kirkpatrick \|url=https://archive.org/details/revengeofthomase00kirk/page/337 \|title=The revenge of Thomas Eakins \|publisher=Yale University Press \|year=2006 \|isbn=0-300-10855-9 \|series=[[Henry McBride (art critic)\|Henry McBride]] series in modernism and modernity \|page=[https://archive.org/details/revengeofthomase00kirk/page/337 337]}}</ref>

	Tree sap is a [[supercooling\|supercooled liquid]] in cold temperatures.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Alain Haché \|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsofhockey00alai/page/8 \|title=The physics of hockey \|publisher=JHU Press \|year=2002 \|isbn=0-8018-7071-2 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/physicsofhockey00alai/page/8 8]}}</ref> [[John Hunter (surgeon)\|John Hunter]] observed, in his ''Treatise on the Blood'', that tree sap within a tree freezes some 17 degrees Fahrenheit below its nominal freezing point.<ref name="Wells">{{Cite book \|last=David Ames Wells \|author-link=David Ames Wells \|title=Familiar science, or, the scientific explanation of the principles of natural and physical science: and their practical and familiar applications to the employments and necessities of common life \|publisher=Childs & Peterson \|year=1856 \|location=Philadelphia \|pages=129–130}}</ref><ref name="Hunter">{{Cite book \|last=John Hunter \|author-link=John Hunter (surgeon) \|title=The Works of John Hunter: with notes \|publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman \|year=1835 \|editor-last=James F. Palmer \|volume=III \|location=London \|page=107}}</ref>		Tree sap is a [[supercooling\|supercooled liquid]] in cold temperatures.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Alain Haché \|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsofhockey00alai/page/8 \|title=The physics of hockey \|publisher=JHU Press \|year=2002 \|isbn=0-8018-7071-2 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/physicsofhockey00alai/page/8 8]}}</ref> [[John Hunter (surgeon)\|John Hunter]] observed, in his ''Treatise on the Blood'', that tree sap within a tree freezes some 17 degrees Fahrenheit below its nominal freezing point.<ref name="Wells">{{Cite book \|last=David Ames Wells \|author-link=David Ames Wells \|title=Familiar science, or, the scientific explanation of the principles of natural and physical science: and their practical and familiar applications to the employments and necessities of common life \|publisher=Childs & Peterson \|year=1856 \|location=Philadelphia \|pages=129–130}}</ref><ref name="Hunter">{{Cite book \|last=John Hunter \|author-link=John Hunter (surgeon) \|title=The Works of John Hunter: with notes \|publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman \|year=1835 \|editor-last=James F. Palmer \|volume=III \|location=London \|page=107}}</ref>

	===Lightning===		===Lightning===

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2024-09-29T17:31:03Z

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:30, 29 September 2024
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	Exploding trees also occur during forest fires<ref>{{cite book\|title=Rain Forests of the World\|editor=Rolf. E. Johnson\|publisher=Marshell Cavendish \|location=New York\|page=238\|accessdate=2009-09-25\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UDxeHNx4tsC&dq=exploding+trees+fire&pg=PA238 \| isbn=978-0-7614-7254-4\|date=January 2002}}</ref> and are a risk to [[smokejumper]]s.<ref>{{cite journal\|year=1968\|journal=The National Geographic Magazine\|volume=134\|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last=Weick\|first=Karl E.\|year=1993\|title=The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: the Mann Gulch disaster\|journal=Administrative Science Quarterly\|doi=10.2307/2393339\|volume=38\|issue=4 \|pages=628–652\|jstor=2393339 }}<!--\|accessdate=2009-09-25--></ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Fire Fighters: Stories of Survival from the Front Lines of Firefighting \|editor=Clint Willis\|publisher=Da Capo Press\|year=2002}}</ref>		Exploding trees also occur during forest fires<ref>{{cite book\|title=Rain Forests of the World\|editor=Rolf. E. Johnson\|publisher=Marshell Cavendish \|location=New York\|page=238\|accessdate=2009-09-25\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UDxeHNx4tsC&dq=exploding+trees+fire&pg=PA238 \| isbn=978-0-7614-7254-4\|date=January 2002}}</ref> and are a risk to [[smokejumper]]s.<ref>{{cite journal\|year=1968\|journal=The National Geographic Magazine\|volume=134\|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last=Weick\|first=Karl E.\|year=1993\|title=The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: the Mann Gulch disaster\|journal=Administrative Science Quarterly\|doi=10.2307/2393339\|volume=38\|issue=4 \|pages=628–652\|jstor=2393339 }}<!--\|accessdate=2009-09-25--></ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Fire Fighters: Stories of Survival from the Front Lines of Firefighting \|editor=Clint Willis\|publisher=Da Capo Press\|year=2002}}</ref>

	[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|title=The Eucalyptus of California ~~—~~ Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species\|author=Robert L. Santos\|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications\|location=Denair, California\|year=1997\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed\|author=Ted Williams\|journal=Audubon Magazine\|date=January–February 2002\|publisher=Robert Sward\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-09\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref><ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>		[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species\|author=Robert L. Santos\|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications\|location=Denair, California\|year=1997\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed\|author=Ted Williams\|journal=Audubon Magazine\|date=January–February 2002\|publisher=Robert Sward\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-09\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref><ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>

	Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>		Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>

	Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016 </ref>		Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016 </ref>
Line 35:		Line 35:
	Steam pressure build up in tree trunks is theoretically unlikely to lead to an explosion in a rapidly moving fire front, although trees exploding after the initial front has passed or exploding through other mechanisms is entirely possible.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/09/15/once-and-for-all-trees-do-not-explode/\|title=Once and for all – trees do not explode\|date=September 15, 2020\|website=Wildfire Today}}</ref>		Steam pressure build up in tree trunks is theoretically unlikely to lead to an explosion in a rapidly moving fire front, although trees exploding after the initial front has passed or exploding through other mechanisms is entirely possible.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/09/15/once-and-for-all-trees-do-not-explode/\|title=Once and for all – trees do not explode\|date=September 15, 2020\|website=Wildfire Today}}</ref>

	==April ~~Fools’~~ Day hoax==		==April Fools' Day hoax==
	Exploding trees were the subject of a 2005 [[April Fools' Day]] hoax in the United States, covered by [[National Public Radio]], stating that [[maple]] trees in [[New England]] had been exploding due to a failure to collect their sap, causing pressure to build from the inside.<ref name=NPR>{{cite news\|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4571982\|title=April Fool's: New England Suffers Maple Woes\|author=Robert Siegel\|newspaper=NPR.org\|date=2005-04-01\|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref> The [[root pressure]] in a maple tree is approximately 0.1[[megapascal\|MPa]], one standard atmosphere, which is insufficient to cause a tree to explode.<ref name=Holladay>{{cite web\|url=http://wonderquest.com/genetic-pets-exploding-trees.htm\|title=Buying genetic pets; Exploding sap trees; Non-blinking cows\|first=April\|last=Holladay\|date=2007-02-07\|work=WonderQuest}}</ref><ref name=Webb>{{cite web\|url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/bot311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm\|title=Transpiration\|first=David T.\|last=Webb\|work=BOT 311 Spring 2006 Syllabus\|publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa]]\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920144611/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/BOT311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-20\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		Exploding trees were the subject of a 2005 [[April Fools' Day]] hoax in the United States, covered by [[National Public Radio]], stating that [[maple]] trees in [[New England]] had been exploding due to a failure to collect their sap, causing pressure to build from the inside.<ref name=NPR>{{cite news\|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4571982\|title=April Fool's: New England Suffers Maple Woes\|author=Robert Siegel\|newspaper=NPR.org\|date=2005-04-01\|publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref> The [[root pressure]] in a maple tree is approximately 0.1[[megapascal\|MPa]], one standard atmosphere, which is insufficient to cause a tree to explode.<ref name=Holladay>{{cite web\|url=http://wonderquest.com/genetic-pets-exploding-trees.htm\|title=Buying genetic pets; Exploding sap trees; Non-blinking cows\|first=April\|last=Holladay\|date=2007-02-07\|work=WonderQuest}}</ref><ref name=Webb>{{cite web\|url=http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/bot311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm\|title=Transpiration\|first=David T.\|last=Webb\|work=BOT 311 Spring 2006 Syllabus\|publisher=[[University of Hawaii at Manoa]]\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920144611/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/BOT311-00/PlantWatMove/Transpiration.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-20\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

49.255.59.94: /* Fire */

2024-08-09T02:18:54Z

Fire

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:18, 9 August 2024
Line 33:		Line 33:
	Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016 </ref>		Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016 </ref>

	Steam pressure build up in tree trunks is theoretically unlikely to lead to an explosion in a rapidly moving fire front ~~from steam pressure build up in the trunk~~, although trees exploding after the initial front has passed or exploding through other mechanisms is entirely possible.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/09/15/once-and-for-all-trees-do-not-explode/\|title=Once and for all – trees do not explode\|date=September 15, 2020\|website=Wildfire Today}}</ref>		Steam pressure build up in tree trunks is theoretically unlikely to lead to an explosion in a rapidly moving fire front, although trees exploding after the initial front has passed or exploding through other mechanisms is entirely possible.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/09/15/once-and-for-all-trees-do-not-explode/\|title=Once and for all – trees do not explode\|date=September 15, 2020\|website=Wildfire Today}}</ref>

	==April Fools’ Day hoax==		==April Fools’ Day hoax==

Whoop whoop pull up: /* Fire */

2024-04-05T05:55:51Z

Fire

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:55, 5 April 2024
Line 27:		Line 27:
	Exploding trees also occur during forest fires<ref>{{cite book\|title=Rain Forests of the World\|editor=Rolf. E. Johnson\|publisher=Marshell Cavendish \|location=New York\|page=238\|accessdate=2009-09-25\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UDxeHNx4tsC&dq=exploding+trees+fire&pg=PA238 \| isbn=978-0-7614-7254-4\|date=January 2002}}</ref> and are a risk to [[smokejumper]]s.<ref>{{cite journal\|year=1968\|journal=The National Geographic Magazine\|volume=134\|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last=Weick\|first=Karl E.\|year=1993\|title=The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: the Mann Gulch disaster\|journal=Administrative Science Quarterly\|doi=10.2307/2393339\|volume=38\|issue=4 \|pages=628–652\|jstor=2393339 }}<!--\|accessdate=2009-09-25--></ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Fire Fighters: Stories of Survival from the Front Lines of Firefighting \|editor=Clint Willis\|publisher=Da Capo Press\|year=2002}}</ref>		Exploding trees also occur during forest fires<ref>{{cite book\|title=Rain Forests of the World\|editor=Rolf. E. Johnson\|publisher=Marshell Cavendish \|location=New York\|page=238\|accessdate=2009-09-25\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UDxeHNx4tsC&dq=exploding+trees+fire&pg=PA238 \| isbn=978-0-7614-7254-4\|date=January 2002}}</ref> and are a risk to [[smokejumper]]s.<ref>{{cite journal\|year=1968\|journal=The National Geographic Magazine\|volume=134\|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last=Weick\|first=Karl E.\|year=1993\|title=The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: the Mann Gulch disaster\|journal=Administrative Science Quarterly\|doi=10.2307/2393339\|volume=38\|issue=4 \|pages=628–652\|jstor=2393339 }}<!--\|accessdate=2009-09-25--></ref><ref>{{cite book\|title=Fire Fighters: Stories of Survival from the Front Lines of Firefighting \|editor=Clint Willis\|publisher=Da Capo Press\|year=2002}}</ref>

	[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species\|author=Robert L. Santos\|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications\|location=Denair, California\|year=1997\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed\|author=Ted Williams\|journal=Audubon Magazine\|date=January–February 2002\|publisher=Robert Sward\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-09\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref> <ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>		[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species\|author=Robert L. Santos\|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications\|location=Denair, California\|year=1997\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed\|author=Ted Williams\|journal=Audubon Magazine\|date=January–February 2002\|publisher=Robert Sward\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-09\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref><ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>

	Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>		Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>

Whoop whoop pull up: /* Fire */

2024-04-05T05:54:31Z

Fire

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:54, 5 April 2024
Line 29:		Line 29:
	[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species\|author=Robert L. Santos\|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications\|location=Denair, California\|year=1997\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed\|author=Ted Williams\|journal=Audubon Magazine\|date=January–February 2002\|publisher=Robert Sward\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-09\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref> <ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>		[[Eucalyptus\|Eucalyptus trees]] are known to [[Eucalyptus#Fire\|explode]] during [[Bushfire\|bush fires]] due to vaporised eucalyptus oils producing an explosive mixture with air.<ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|title=The Eucalyptus of California — Section Three: Problems, Cares, Economics, and Species\|author=Robert L. Santos\|publisher=Alley-Cass Publications\|location=Denair, California\|year=1997\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602175115/http://library.csustan.edu/bsantos/section3.htm\|archivedate=2010-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|url=http://robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|title=Eucalytus Roulette (con't) Excerpted from America's Largest Weed\|author=Ted Williams\|journal=Audubon Magazine\|date=January–February 2002\|publisher=Robert Sward\|access-date=2009-09-27\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909053902/http://www.robertsward.com/eucmore.htm\|archive-date=2009-09-09\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Dold, J.W., Weber, R.O., Gill, M. et al. 2005. Unusual phenomena in an extreme bushfire in: Proceedings of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Combustion Adelaide. 2005</ref> <ref>McLaren, A. C. 1959. Propagation of flames in Eucalyptus oil vapour-air mixtures. Australian Journal of Applied Science 10: 321-328</ref><ref>Williams, C. 2007. Ignition impossible: When wildfires set the air alight. New Scientist 2615</ref>

	Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia <ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>		Explosive behaviour of Eucalyptus trunks has been observed in both laboratory tests and in wildfires in Australia.<ref>Arne Inghelbrecht (2014) "Evaluation of the burning behaviour of wood products in the context of structural fire design" Master thesis submitted in the Erasmus Mundus Study Programme, International Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering. The University of Queensland, Ghent University</ref>

	Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires <ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016 </ref>		Aspen trees have also been observed to explode in wildfires.<ref>David Staples (2016) "Alberta battles The Beast, a fire that creates its own weather and causes green trees to explode" Edmonton Journal May 07, 2016 </ref>

	Steam pressure build up in tree trunks is theoretically unlikely to lead to an explosion in a rapidly moving fire front from steam pressure build up in the trunk, although trees exploding after the initial front has passed or exploding through other mechanisms is entirely possible. <ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/09/15/once-and-for-all-trees-do-not-explode/\|title=Once and for all – trees do not explode\|date=September 15, 2020\|website=Wildfire Today}}</ref>		Steam pressure build up in tree trunks is theoretically unlikely to lead to an explosion in a rapidly moving fire front from steam pressure build up in the trunk, although trees exploding after the initial front has passed or exploding through other mechanisms is entirely possible.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/09/15/once-and-for-all-trees-do-not-explode/\|title=Once and for all – trees do not explode\|date=September 15, 2020\|website=Wildfire Today}}</ref>

	==April Fools’ Day hoax==		==April Fools’ Day hoax==