IPA in Unicode - Revision history

The Transhumanist: Add template{{R to section}} to categorize redirect using AWB

2018-04-29T09:44:01Z

Add template{{R to section}} to categorize redirect using AWB

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:44, 29 April 2018
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	#REDIRECT [[Phonetic symbols in Unicode#From IPA to Unicode]]		#REDIRECT [[Phonetic symbols in Unicode#From IPA to Unicode]]

			{{R to section}}

Great Brightstar: ←Redirected page to Phonetic symbols in Unicode#From IPA to Unicode

2015-10-27T06:54:49Z

←Redirected page to Phonetic symbols in Unicode#From IPA to Unicode

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:54, 27 October 2015
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	#REDIRECT [[~~International~~ Phonetic ~~Alphabet~~]]		#REDIRECT [[Phonetic symbols in Unicode#From IPA to Unicode]]

Ish ishwar: redirect, then people will start to fix it

2005-07-21T23:19:31Z

redirect, then people will start to fix it

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:19, 21 July 2005
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	~~''This article has been merged with~~ [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]~~, and will become a redirect as soon as the Talk page, history and what links here are taken care of.''~~		#REDIRECT [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]

	[[de:IPA in Unicode]]
	[[es:Alfabeto Fonético Internacional]]
	[[ko:유니코드로 된 국제 음성 기호]]
	[[ja:国際音声記号の文字一覧]]
	[[sv:IPA i Unicode]]

Denelson83 at 06:07, 13 July 2005

2005-07-13T06:07:37Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:07, 13 July 2005
Line 1:		Line 1:
	''This article has been merged with [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], and will become a redirect as soon as the Talk page and ~~history~~ are taken care of.''		''This article has been merged with [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], and will become a redirect as soon as the Talk page, history and what links here are taken care of.''

	[[de:IPA in Unicode]]		[[de:IPA in Unicode]]

Kwamikagami: deleted article in preparation for redirect

2005-07-13T03:14:49Z

deleted article in preparation for redirect

Show changes

Kwamikagami: /* Names of the symbols */ Move to main IPA article. "History" moved to History of the International Phonetic Alphabet

2005-07-12T22:52:10Z

Names of the symbols: Move to main IPA article. "History" moved to History of the International Phonetic Alphabet

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:52, 12 July 2005
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	\|}		\|}

	==Names of the symbols==

	It is often desirable to distinguish an IPA symbol from the sound it's intended to represent, since there is not a one-to-one correspondance between symbol and sound in broad transcription. The names are described in the ''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association''.

	===The Letters===

	The traditional names of the Latin and Greek letters are used for unmodified symbols: '''b''' ''bee'', '''x''' ''ex'', '''{{IPA\|ʀ}}''' ''capital ar'', '''{{IPA\|β}}''' ''beta'', '''{{IPA\|ɛ}}''' ''epsilon'', '''{{IPA\|ɣ}}''' ''gamma'', '''{{IPA\|θ}}''' ''theta'', '''{{IPA\|χ}}''' ''chi'', '''{{IPA\|ɸ}}''' ''phi'', '''{{IPA\|ʊ}}''' ''upsilon'', etc. Although the typeface of the Greek letters is less cursive in IPA usage than is usual, the names don't change. Likewise, it is not necessary to specify that '''{{IPA\|ʀ}}''' is a 'small' capital, although it is common to abbreviate the name to ''cap ar''.

	A few letters have the forms of cursive script: '''{{IPA\|ɑ}}''' ''cursive a'', '''{{IPA\|ʋ}}''' ''cursive vee'' (not ''upsilon'', which is '''{{IPA\|ʊ}}''').

	Ligatures are called precisely that: '''{{IPA\|œ}}''' ''o-e ligature'', '''{{IPA\|ɮ}}''' ''el-ezh ligature'', although '''{{IPA\|æ}}''' is frequently called by its traditional runic name ''ash'' in addition to an ''a-e ligature''.

	Many letters are ''turned'', or rotated 180 degrees: '''{{IPA\|ʎ}}''' ''turned wye'', '''{{IPA\|ɥ}}''' ''turned aitch'', '''{{IPA\|ʁ}}''' ''turned capital ar'', '''{{IPA\|ɒ}}''' ''turned cursive a'', '''{{IPA\|ɔ}}''' ''turned cee'' [often called ''open o'', which describes both its articulation and its shape], '''{{IPA\|ʌ}}''' ''turned vee'' [often called ''caret'' from its similarity to the diacritic ^].

	A few letters are ''reversed'' (flipped on a vertical axis): '''{{IPA\|ɘ}}''' ''reversed e'', '''{{IPA\|ɜ}}''' ''reversed epsilon'', '''{{IPA\|ʕ}}''' ''reversed glottal stop'' [often called by its Arabic name, ''ain''].

	One letter is ''inverted'' (flipped on a horizontal axis): '''{{IPA\|ʁ}}''' ''inverted ar''. ('''{{IPA\|ʍ}}''' could also be called an ''inverted double-u'', but ''turned double-u'' is more common.)

	When a horizontal stroke is added, it is called a ''bar'': '''{{IPA\|ħ}}''' ''barred aitch'', '''{{IPA\|ɵ}}''' ''barred o'', '''{{IPA\|ʢ}}''' ''reversed barred glottal stop'', '''{{IPA\|ɟ}}''' ''barred dotless jay'' or ''barred gelded jay'' [apparently never 'turned ef'], '''{{IPA\|ǂ}}''' ''double-barred pipe'', etc.

	One letter instead has a ''slash'' through it: '''{{IPA\|ø}}''' ''slashed o''.

	The implosives have ''hook'' tops: '''{{IPA\|ɓ}}''' ''hook-top bee'', as does '''{{IPA\|ɦ}}''' ''hook-top aitch''.

	Such an extension at the bottom of a letter is called a ''tail''. It may be specified as ''left'' or ''right'' depending on which direction it turns: '''{{IPA\|ɳ}}''' ''right-tail en'', '''{{IPA\|ɻ}}''' ''right-tail turned ar'', '''{{IPA\|ɲ}}''' ''left-tail en'' [note that '''{{IPA\|ŋ}}''' has its own traditional name, ''engma''], '''{{IPA\|ɱ}}''' ''left-tail em'', '''{{IPA\|ʐ}}''' ''tail zed'' [or just ''retroflex zed''], etc.

	When the tail loops over itself, it's called ''curly'': '''{{IPA\|ʝ}}''' ''curly-tail jay'', '''{{IPA\|ɕ}}''' ''curly-tail cee''.

	There are also a few unique modifications: '''{{IPA\|ɬ}}''' ''belted el'', '''{{IPA\|ɞ}}''' ''closed reversed epsilon'' [there was once also a '''{{IPA\|ɷ}}''' ''closed omega''], '''{{IPA\|ɰ}}''' ''right-leg turned em'', '''{{IPA\|ɺ}}''' ''turned long-leg ar'', '''{{IPA\|ǁ}}''' ''double pipe'', and the obsolete '''{{IPA\|ʗ}}''' ''stretched cee''.

	Several non-English letters have traditional names: '''{{IPA\|ç}}''' ''cee cedilla'', '''{{IPA\|ð}}''' ''eth'' (also spelled ''edh''), '''{{IPA\|ŋ}}''' ''engma'', '''{{IPA\|ʒ}}''' ''yogh'', '''{{IPA\|ə}}''' ''schwa'', '''{{IPA\|ǃ}}''' ''exclamation mark'', '''{{IPA\|<nowiki>ǀ</nowiki>}}''' ''pipe''.

	Other symbols are unique to the IPA, and have developed their own quirky names: '''{{IPA\|ɾ}}''' ''fish-hook ar'', '''{{IPA\|ɤ}}''' ''ram's horns'', '''{{IPA\|ʘ}}''' ''bull's eye'', '''{{IPA\|ʃ}}''' ''esh'' [apparently never 'stretched ess'], '''{{IPA\|ɧ}}''' ''hook-top heng''.

	The '''{{IPA\|ʔ}}''' is usually called by the sound it represents, ''glottal stop''. This is not normally a problem, because this symbol is seldom used to represent anything else. However, to specify the symbol itself, it is sometimes called a ''gelded question mark''.

	===The diacritic marks===

	Diacritics with traditional names: '''{{IPA\|é}}''' ''acute'', '''{{IPA\|ē}}''' ''macron'', '''{{IPA\|è}}''' ''grave'', '''{{IPA\|ê}}''' ''caron'' or ''circumflex'', '''{{IPA\|ě}}''' ''wedge'', '''{{IPA\|ë}}''' ''umlaut'' or ''trema'', '''{{IPA\|ĕ}}''' ''breve'', '''{{IPA\|ẽ}}''' ''(superscript) tilde'', '''{{IPA\|ḛ}}''' ''subscript tilde'', '''{{IPA\|ɫ}}''' ''superimposed tilde''.

	And so forth: the voicing diacritic, for example, is a ''subscript wedge''.

	Non-traditional diacritics:

	'''{{IPA\|e̼}}''' ''seagull'', '''{{IPA\|e˞}}''' ''hook'', '''{{IPA\|e̽}}''' ''over-cross'', '''{{IPA\|d ̚}}''' ''corner'', '''{{IPA\|d̪}}''' ''bridge'', '''{{IPA\|d̺}}''' ''inverted bridge'', '''{{IPA\|d̻}}''' ''square'', '''{{IPA\|e̥}}''' ''under-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̊}}''' ''over-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̜}}''' ''left half-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̹}}''' ''right half-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̟}}''' ''plus'', '''{{IPA\|e̠}}''' ''under-bar'', '''{{IPA\|e̯}}''' ''arch'', '''{{IPA\|e̝}}''' ''up tack'', '''{{IPA\|e̞}}''' ''down tack'', '''{{IPA\|e̘}}''' ''left tack'', '''{{IPA\|e̙}}''' ''right tack'', '''{{IPA\|d͡z}}''' ''tie bar'', '''{{IPA\|ẹ}}''' ''under-dot'', '''{{IPA\|n̩}}''' ''under-stroke''.

	Diacritics are also named after their function: the bridge is also called the ''dental sign'', etc.

	Moved to [[History of the International Phonetic Alphabet]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

66.27.205.12: /* History */ (moved)

2005-07-12T22:18:37Z

History: (moved)

Show changes

Kwamikagami: /* Diacritics */ notes

2005-07-12T21:12:12Z

Diacritics: notes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:12, 12 July 2005
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	\| [[Phonation\|Voiceless]]		\| [[Phonation\|Voiceless]]
	\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|b̤ a̤}}		\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|b̤ a̤}}
	\| [[Breathy voice]]d		\| [[Breathy voice]]d {{footnote\|1}}
	\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̪ d̪}}		\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̪ d̪}}
	\| [[Dental consonant\|Dental]]		\| [[Dental consonant\|Dental]]
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	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʰ dʰ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʰ dʰ}}
	\| [[Aspirated]]		\| [[Aspirated]] {{footnote\|2}}
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̼ d̼}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̼ d̼}}
	\| [[Linguolabial consonant\|Linguolabial]]		\| [[Linguolabial consonant\|Linguolabial]]
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	\| [[Nasalization\|Nasalized]]		\| [[Nasalization\|Nasalized]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɔ̜}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɔ̜ x̜ʷ}}
	\| Less [[Rounded vowel\|rounded]]		\| Less [[Rounded vowel\|rounded]]
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʲ dʲ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʲ dʲ}}
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	\| colspan=3 \| [[Retracted Tongue Root]]		\| colspan=3 \| [[Retracted Tongue Root]]
	\|}		\|}

			'''Notes'''
			#Some linguists restrict this breathy-voice diacritic to vowels, and transcribe consonants as {{IPA\|bʱ}}.
			#With aspirated voiced consonants, many linguists prefer one of the diacritics specifically for breathy voice.

	The state of the [[glottis]] can be finely transcribed. A series of alveolar plosives ranging from an open to a closed glottis [[phonation]] are:		The state of the [[glottis]] can be finely transcribed. A series of alveolar plosives ranging from an open to a closed glottis [[phonation]] are:

Kwamikagami: /* Diacritics */ examples on consonants

2005-07-12T20:40:07Z

Diacritics: examples on consonants

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:40, 12 July 2005
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	\| [[Laminal consonant\|Laminal]]		\| [[Laminal consonant\|Laminal]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɔ̹}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɔ̹ x̹}}
	\| More [[Rounded vowel\|rounded]]		\| More [[Rounded vowel\|rounded]]
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʷ dʷ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʷ dʷ}}
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	\| Nasal release		\| Nasal release
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|u̟}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|u̟ t̟}}
	\| Advanced		\| Advanced
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tˠ dˠ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tˠ dˠ}}
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	\| Lateral release		\| Lateral release
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|i̠}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|i̠ t̠}}
	\| Retracted		\| Retracted
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tˁ dˁ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tˁ dˁ}}
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	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|e̽}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|e̽}}
	\| Mid-centralized		\| Mid-centralized
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|e̝}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|e̝ ɹ̝}}
	\| colspan=3 \| Raised ('''{{IPA\|ɹ̝}}''' = voiced alveolar fricative)		\| colspan=3 \| Raised ('''{{IPA\|ɹ̝}}''' = voiced alveolar fricative)
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɹ̩}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɹ̩}}
	\| Syllabic		\| Syllabic
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|e̞}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|e̞ β̞}}
	\| colspan=3 \| Lowered ('''{{IPA\|β̞}}''' = voiced bilabial approximant)		\| colspan=3 \| Lowered ('''{{IPA\|β̞}}''' = voiced bilabial approximant)
	\|-		\|-
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	\| Pre-aspiration		\| Pre-aspiration
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|p⁼}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|p⁼}}
	\| Unaspirated		\| Unaspirated release
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ạ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ạ}}
	\| Whispery		\| Whispery

J. 'mach' wust: unicode

2005-07-11T09:34:25Z

unicode

Show changes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:52, 12 July 2005
Line 581:		Line 581:
	\|}		\|}

	==Names of the symbols==

	It is often desirable to distinguish an IPA symbol from the sound it's intended to represent, since there is not a one-to-one correspondance between symbol and sound in broad transcription. The names are described in the ''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association''.

	===The Letters===

	The traditional names of the Latin and Greek letters are used for unmodified symbols: '''b''' ''bee'', '''x''' ''ex'', '''{{IPA\|ʀ}}''' ''capital ar'', '''{{IPA\|β}}''' ''beta'', '''{{IPA\|ɛ}}''' ''epsilon'', '''{{IPA\|ɣ}}''' ''gamma'', '''{{IPA\|θ}}''' ''theta'', '''{{IPA\|χ}}''' ''chi'', '''{{IPA\|ɸ}}''' ''phi'', '''{{IPA\|ʊ}}''' ''upsilon'', etc. Although the typeface of the Greek letters is less cursive in IPA usage than is usual, the names don't change. Likewise, it is not necessary to specify that '''{{IPA\|ʀ}}''' is a 'small' capital, although it is common to abbreviate the name to ''cap ar''.

	A few letters have the forms of cursive script: '''{{IPA\|ɑ}}''' ''cursive a'', '''{{IPA\|ʋ}}''' ''cursive vee'' (not ''upsilon'', which is '''{{IPA\|ʊ}}''').

	Ligatures are called precisely that: '''{{IPA\|œ}}''' ''o-e ligature'', '''{{IPA\|ɮ}}''' ''el-ezh ligature'', although '''{{IPA\|æ}}''' is frequently called by its traditional runic name ''ash'' in addition to an ''a-e ligature''.

	Many letters are ''turned'', or rotated 180 degrees: '''{{IPA\|ʎ}}''' ''turned wye'', '''{{IPA\|ɥ}}''' ''turned aitch'', '''{{IPA\|ʁ}}''' ''turned capital ar'', '''{{IPA\|ɒ}}''' ''turned cursive a'', '''{{IPA\|ɔ}}''' ''turned cee'' [often called ''open o'', which describes both its articulation and its shape], '''{{IPA\|ʌ}}''' ''turned vee'' [often called ''caret'' from its similarity to the diacritic ^].

	A few letters are ''reversed'' (flipped on a vertical axis): '''{{IPA\|ɘ}}''' ''reversed e'', '''{{IPA\|ɜ}}''' ''reversed epsilon'', '''{{IPA\|ʕ}}''' ''reversed glottal stop'' [often called by its Arabic name, ''ain''].

	One letter is ''inverted'' (flipped on a horizontal axis): '''{{IPA\|ʁ}}''' ''inverted ar''. ('''{{IPA\|ʍ}}''' could also be called an ''inverted double-u'', but ''turned double-u'' is more common.)

	When a horizontal stroke is added, it is called a ''bar'': '''{{IPA\|ħ}}''' ''barred aitch'', '''{{IPA\|ɵ}}''' ''barred o'', '''{{IPA\|ʢ}}''' ''reversed barred glottal stop'', '''{{IPA\|ɟ}}''' ''barred dotless jay'' or ''barred gelded jay'' [apparently never 'turned ef'], '''{{IPA\|ǂ}}''' ''double-barred pipe'', etc.

	One letter instead has a ''slash'' through it: '''{{IPA\|ø}}''' ''slashed o''.

	The implosives have ''hook'' tops: '''{{IPA\|ɓ}}''' ''hook-top bee'', as does '''{{IPA\|ɦ}}''' ''hook-top aitch''.

	Such an extension at the bottom of a letter is called a ''tail''. It may be specified as ''left'' or ''right'' depending on which direction it turns: '''{{IPA\|ɳ}}''' ''right-tail en'', '''{{IPA\|ɻ}}''' ''right-tail turned ar'', '''{{IPA\|ɲ}}''' ''left-tail en'' [note that '''{{IPA\|ŋ}}''' has its own traditional name, ''engma''], '''{{IPA\|ɱ}}''' ''left-tail em'', '''{{IPA\|ʐ}}''' ''tail zed'' [or just ''retroflex zed''], etc.

	When the tail loops over itself, it's called ''curly'': '''{{IPA\|ʝ}}''' ''curly-tail jay'', '''{{IPA\|ɕ}}''' ''curly-tail cee''.

	There are also a few unique modifications: '''{{IPA\|ɬ}}''' ''belted el'', '''{{IPA\|ɞ}}''' ''closed reversed epsilon'' [there was once also a '''{{IPA\|ɷ}}''' ''closed omega''], '''{{IPA\|ɰ}}''' ''right-leg turned em'', '''{{IPA\|ɺ}}''' ''turned long-leg ar'', '''{{IPA\|ǁ}}''' ''double pipe'', and the obsolete '''{{IPA\|ʗ}}''' ''stretched cee''.

	Several non-English letters have traditional names: '''{{IPA\|ç}}''' ''cee cedilla'', '''{{IPA\|ð}}''' ''eth'' (also spelled ''edh''), '''{{IPA\|ŋ}}''' ''engma'', '''{{IPA\|ʒ}}''' ''yogh'', '''{{IPA\|ə}}''' ''schwa'', '''{{IPA\|ǃ}}''' ''exclamation mark'', '''{{IPA\|<nowiki>ǀ</nowiki>}}''' ''pipe''.

	Other symbols are unique to the IPA, and have developed their own quirky names: '''{{IPA\|ɾ}}''' ''fish-hook ar'', '''{{IPA\|ɤ}}''' ''ram's horns'', '''{{IPA\|ʘ}}''' ''bull's eye'', '''{{IPA\|ʃ}}''' ''esh'' [apparently never 'stretched ess'], '''{{IPA\|ɧ}}''' ''hook-top heng''.

	The '''{{IPA\|ʔ}}''' is usually called by the sound it represents, ''glottal stop''. This is not normally a problem, because this symbol is seldom used to represent anything else. However, to specify the symbol itself, it is sometimes called a ''gelded question mark''.

	===The diacritic marks===

	Diacritics with traditional names: '''{{IPA\|é}}''' ''acute'', '''{{IPA\|ē}}''' ''macron'', '''{{IPA\|è}}''' ''grave'', '''{{IPA\|ê}}''' ''caron'' or ''circumflex'', '''{{IPA\|ě}}''' ''wedge'', '''{{IPA\|ë}}''' ''umlaut'' or ''trema'', '''{{IPA\|ĕ}}''' ''breve'', '''{{IPA\|ẽ}}''' ''(superscript) tilde'', '''{{IPA\|ḛ}}''' ''subscript tilde'', '''{{IPA\|ɫ}}''' ''superimposed tilde''.

	And so forth: the voicing diacritic, for example, is a ''subscript wedge''.

	Non-traditional diacritics:

	'''{{IPA\|e̼}}''' ''seagull'', '''{{IPA\|e˞}}''' ''hook'', '''{{IPA\|e̽}}''' ''over-cross'', '''{{IPA\|d ̚}}''' ''corner'', '''{{IPA\|d̪}}''' ''bridge'', '''{{IPA\|d̺}}''' ''inverted bridge'', '''{{IPA\|d̻}}''' ''square'', '''{{IPA\|e̥}}''' ''under-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̊}}''' ''over-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̜}}''' ''left half-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̹}}''' ''right half-ring'', '''{{IPA\|e̟}}''' ''plus'', '''{{IPA\|e̠}}''' ''under-bar'', '''{{IPA\|e̯}}''' ''arch'', '''{{IPA\|e̝}}''' ''up tack'', '''{{IPA\|e̞}}''' ''down tack'', '''{{IPA\|e̘}}''' ''left tack'', '''{{IPA\|e̙}}''' ''right tack'', '''{{IPA\|d͡z}}''' ''tie bar'', '''{{IPA\|ẹ}}''' ''under-dot'', '''{{IPA\|n̩}}''' ''under-stroke''.

	Diacritics are also named after their function: the bridge is also called the ''dental sign'', etc.

	Moved to [[History of the International Phonetic Alphabet]]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:12, 12 July 2005
Line 429:		Line 429:
	\| [[Phonation\|Voiceless]]		\| [[Phonation\|Voiceless]]
	\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|b̤ a̤}}		\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|b̤ a̤}}
	\| [[Breathy voice]]d		\| [[Breathy voice]]d {{footnote\|1}}
	\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̪ d̪}}		\| width=40 style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̪ d̪}}
	\| [[Dental consonant\|Dental]]		\| [[Dental consonant\|Dental]]
Line 441:		Line 441:
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʰ dʰ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʰ dʰ}}
	\| [[Aspirated]]		\| [[Aspirated]] {{footnote\|2}}
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̼ d̼}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|t̼ d̼}}
	\| [[Linguolabial consonant\|Linguolabial]]		\| [[Linguolabial consonant\|Linguolabial]]
Line 454:		Line 454:
	\| [[Nasalization\|Nasalized]]		\| [[Nasalization\|Nasalized]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɔ̜}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|ɔ̜ x̜ʷ}}
	\| Less [[Rounded vowel\|rounded]]		\| Less [[Rounded vowel\|rounded]]
	\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʲ dʲ}}		\| style="font-size:larger;" \| {{IPA\|tʲ dʲ}}
Line 500:		Line 500:
	\| colspan=3 \| [[Retracted Tongue Root]]		\| colspan=3 \| [[Retracted Tongue Root]]
	\|}		\|}

			'''Notes'''
			#Some linguists restrict this breathy-voice diacritic to vowels, and transcribe consonants as {{IPA\|bʱ}}.
			#With aspirated voiced consonants, many linguists prefer one of the diacritics specifically for breathy voice.

	The state of the [[glottis]] can be finely transcribed. A series of alveolar plosives ranging from an open to a closed glottis [[phonation]] are:		The state of the [[glottis]] can be finely transcribed. A series of alveolar plosives ranging from an open to a closed glottis [[phonation]] are: