Integer overflow - Revision history

155.4.204.48: 2024 to 2025

2025-04-14T15:35:05Z

2024 to 2025

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:35, 14 April 2025
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	* [[16-bit computing\|16-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>16</sup> − 1 = 65,535		* [[16-bit computing\|16-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>16</sup> − 1 = 65,535
	* [[32-bit computing\|32-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 = 4,294,967,295 (the most common width for personal computers {{as of\|2005\|lc=on}}),		* [[32-bit computing\|32-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 = 4,294,967,295 (the most common width for personal computers {{as of\|2005\|lc=on}}),
	* [[64-bit computing\|64-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>64</sup> − 1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (the most common width for personal computer [[central processing unit]]s (CPUs), {{as of\|~~2024~~\|lc=on}}),		* [[64-bit computing\|64-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>64</sup> − 1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (the most common width for personal computer [[central processing unit]]s (CPUs), {{as of\|2025\|lc=on}}),
	* [[128-bit computing\|128-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>128</sup> − 1 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,455		* [[128-bit computing\|128-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>128</sup> − 1 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,455

AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}

2025-02-14T06:43:20Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:43, 14 February 2025
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	On 30 April 2015, the U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration]] announced it will order [[Boeing 787]] operators to reset its electrical system periodically, to avoid an integer overflow which could lead to loss of electrical power and [[ram air turbine]] deployment, and Boeing deployed a [[software update]] in the fourth quarter.<ref>{{cite news \|title= F.A.A. Orders Fix for Possible Power Loss in Boeing 787 \|first=Jad \|last=Mouawad \|work=[[New York Times]] \|date= 30 April 2015 \|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/business/faa-orders-fix-for-possible-power-loss-in-boeing-787.html?_r=0}}</ref> The [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] followed on 4 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/US-2015-09-07 \|work=Airworthiness Directives \|title=US-2015-09-07: Electrical Power – Deactivation \|date=4 May 2015 \|publisher=[[European Aviation Safety Agency]]}}</ref> The error happens after 2<sup>31</sup> hundredths of a second (about {{#expr:ceil(2^31/100/3600/24)}} days), indicating a 32-bit [[Signed number representations\|signed]] [[Integer (computer science)\|integer]].		On 30 April 2015, the U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration]] announced it will order [[Boeing 787]] operators to reset its electrical system periodically, to avoid an integer overflow which could lead to loss of electrical power and [[ram air turbine]] deployment, and Boeing deployed a [[software update]] in the fourth quarter.<ref>{{cite news \|title= F.A.A. Orders Fix for Possible Power Loss in Boeing 787 \|first=Jad \|last=Mouawad \|work=[[New York Times]] \|date= 30 April 2015 \|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/business/faa-orders-fix-for-possible-power-loss-in-boeing-787.html?_r=0}}</ref> The [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] followed on 4 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/US-2015-09-07 \|work=Airworthiness Directives \|title=US-2015-09-07: Electrical Power – Deactivation \|date=4 May 2015 \|publisher=[[European Aviation Safety Agency]]}}</ref> The error happens after 2<sup>31</sup> hundredths of a second (about {{#expr:ceil(2^31/100/3600/24)}} days), indicating a 32-bit [[Signed number representations\|signed]] [[Integer (computer science)\|integer]].

	Overflow bugs are evident in some computer games. In ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' for the [[NES]], the stored number of lives is a signed byte (ranging from −128 to 127) meaning the player can safely have 127 lives, but when the player reaches their 128th life, the counter rolls over to zero lives (although the number counter is glitched before this happens) and stops keeping count. As such, if the player then dies it's an immediate game over. This is caused by the game's data overflow that was an error of programming as the developers may not have thought said number of lives would be reasonably earned in a full playthrough.{{citation needed}}		Overflow bugs are evident in some computer games. In ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' for the [[NES]], the stored number of lives is a signed byte (ranging from −128 to 127) meaning the player can safely have 127 lives, but when the player reaches their 128th life, the counter rolls over to zero lives (although the number counter is glitched before this happens) and stops keeping count. As such, if the player then dies it's an immediate game over. This is caused by the game's data overflow that was an error of programming as the developers may not have thought said number of lives would be reasonably earned in a full playthrough.{{citation needed\|date=February 2025}}

	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

A username can have spaces?: /* Examples */

2025-02-14T04:42:58Z

Examples

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:42, 14 February 2025
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	On 30 April 2015, the U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration]] announced it will order [[Boeing 787]] operators to reset its electrical system periodically, to avoid an integer overflow which could lead to loss of electrical power and [[ram air turbine]] deployment, and Boeing deployed a [[software update]] in the fourth quarter.<ref>{{cite news \|title= F.A.A. Orders Fix for Possible Power Loss in Boeing 787 \|first=Jad \|last=Mouawad \|work=[[New York Times]] \|date= 30 April 2015 \|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/business/faa-orders-fix-for-possible-power-loss-in-boeing-787.html?_r=0}}</ref> The [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] followed on 4 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/US-2015-09-07 \|work=Airworthiness Directives \|title=US-2015-09-07: Electrical Power – Deactivation \|date=4 May 2015 \|publisher=[[European Aviation Safety Agency]]}}</ref> The error happens after 2<sup>31</sup> hundredths of a second (about {{#expr:ceil(2^31/100/3600/24)}} days), indicating a 32-bit [[Signed number representations\|signed]] [[Integer (computer science)\|integer]].		On 30 April 2015, the U.S. [[Federal Aviation Administration]] announced it will order [[Boeing 787]] operators to reset its electrical system periodically, to avoid an integer overflow which could lead to loss of electrical power and [[ram air turbine]] deployment, and Boeing deployed a [[software update]] in the fourth quarter.<ref>{{cite news \|title= F.A.A. Orders Fix for Possible Power Loss in Boeing 787 \|first=Jad \|last=Mouawad \|work=[[New York Times]] \|date= 30 April 2015 \|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/business/faa-orders-fix-for-possible-power-loss-in-boeing-787.html?_r=0}}</ref> The [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] followed on 4 May 2015.<ref>{{cite web \|url= http://ad.easa.europa.eu/ad/US-2015-09-07 \|work=Airworthiness Directives \|title=US-2015-09-07: Electrical Power – Deactivation \|date=4 May 2015 \|publisher=[[European Aviation Safety Agency]]}}</ref> The error happens after 2<sup>31</sup> hundredths of a second (about {{#expr:ceil(2^31/100/3600/24)}} days), indicating a 32-bit [[Signed number representations\|signed]] [[Integer (computer science)\|integer]].

	Overflow bugs are evident in some computer games. In ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' for the [[NES]], the stored number of lives is a signed byte (ranging from −128 to 127) meaning the player can safely have 127 lives, but when the player reaches their 128th life, the counter rolls over to zero lives (although the number counter is glitched before this happens) and stops keeping count. As such, if the player then dies it's an immediate game over. This is caused by the game's data overflow that was an error of programming as the developers may not have thought said number of lives would be reasonably earned in a full playthrough.		Overflow bugs are evident in some computer games. In ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' for the [[NES]], the stored number of lives is a signed byte (ranging from −128 to 127) meaning the player can safely have 127 lives, but when the player reaches their 128th life, the counter rolls over to zero lives (although the number counter is glitched before this happens) and stops keeping count. As such, if the player then dies it's an immediate game over. This is caused by the game's data overflow that was an error of programming as the developers may not have thought said number of lives would be reasonably earned in a full playthrough.{{citation needed}}

	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

Zero0000: /* Examples */ going negative is not integer overflow and this is a coding bug not caused by integer overflow. too much games cruft in this article, there are plenty of serious examples out there.

2025-02-02T02:20:46Z

Examples: going negative is not integer overflow and this is a coding bug not caused by integer overflow. too much games cruft in this article, there are plenty of serious examples out there.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:20, 2 February 2025
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	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]		[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]

	IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>		IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>

Zero0000: Undid revision 1273272789 by Pakiyeetus no mention of integer overflow in the source

2025-02-02T02:14:23Z

Undid revision 1273272789 by Pakiyeetus no mention of integer overflow in the source

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:14, 2 February 2025
Line 131:		Line 131:

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]		In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]

	In the [[PlayStation 2]] game [[Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec]], the player can perform a "[[wheelie]]" with [[Nobuhiro Tajima]]'s [[Suzuki Escudo]] V6 by tuning the car's [[downforce]] to create lift at the front end. Due to coding of the game preventing flipover of the car, it will create a circular effect of downforce rising the front. This causes the vehicle to take lift, subsequently causing the game to mistakenly process falling speed, disabling resistance to acceleration. This will cause it to reach [[2147483647]] [[mph]]<ref>https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/top10/3071-the-top-10-fastest-cars-in-video-games</ref>, thusly crashing the game on actual hardware.

	IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>		IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>

Pakiyeetus: /* Examples */

2025-02-01T15:32:40Z

Examples

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:32, 1 February 2025
Line 131:		Line 131:

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]		In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]

			In the [[PlayStation 2]] game [[Gran Turismo 3: A-Spec]], the player can perform a "[[wheelie]]" with [[Nobuhiro Tajima]]'s [[Suzuki Escudo]] V6 by tuning the car's [[downforce]] to create lift at the front end. Due to coding of the game preventing flipover of the car, it will create a circular effect of downforce rising the front. This causes the vehicle to take lift, subsequently causing the game to mistakenly process falling speed, disabling resistance to acceleration. This will cause it to reach [[2147483647]] [[mph]]<ref>https://gamefaqs.gamespot.com/top10/3071-the-top-10-fastest-cars-in-video-games</ref>, thusly crashing the game on actual hardware.

	IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>		IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>

208.114.63.4: /* Examples */ Wrong units

2025-01-28T16:42:54Z

Examples: Wrong units

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:42, 28 January 2025
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	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KB of memory.]]		In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]

	IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>		IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>

	In August 2016, a [[casino]] machine at [[Resorts World]] casino printed a prize ticket of $42,949,672.76 as a result of an overflow bug. The casino refused to pay this amount, calling it a malfunction, using in their defense that the machine clearly stated that the maximum payout was $10,000, so any prize exceeding that had to be the result of a programming bug. The [[New York State Gaming Commission]] ruled in favor of the casino.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Kravets \|first=David \|date=June 15, 2017 \|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/06/sorry-maam-you-didnt-win-43m-there-was-a-slot-machine-malfunction \|title=Sorry ma'am you didn't win $43M – there was a slot machine 'malfunction' \|website=Ars Technica}}</ref>		In August 2016, a [[casino]] machine at [[Resorts World]] casino printed a prize ticket of $42,949,672.76 as a result of an overflow bug. The casino refused to pay this amount, calling it a malfunction, using in their defense that the machine clearly stated that the maximum payout was $10,000, so any prize exceeding that had to be the result of a programming bug. The [[New York State Gaming Commission]] ruled in favor of the casino.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Kravets \|first=David \|date=June 15, 2017 \|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/06/sorry-maam-you-didnt-win-43m-there-was-a-slot-machine-malfunction \|title=Sorry ma'am you didn't win $43M – there was a slot machine 'malfunction' \|website=Ars Technica}}</ref>

Miminity: /* Examples */

2024-10-17T03:14:19Z

Examples

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	Overflow bugs are evident in some computer games. In ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' for the [[NES]], the stored number of lives is a signed byte (ranging from −128 to 127) meaning the player can safely have 127 lives, but when the player reaches their 128th life, the counter rolls over to zero lives (although the number counter is glitched before this happens) and stops keeping count. As such, if the player then dies it's an immediate game over. This is caused by the game's data overflow that was an error of programming as the developers may not have thought said number of lives would be reasonably earned in a full playthrough.		Overflow bugs are evident in some computer games. In ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' for the [[NES]], the stored number of lives is a signed byte (ranging from −128 to 127) meaning the player can safely have 127 lives, but when the player reaches their 128th life, the counter rolls over to zero lives (although the number counter is glitched before this happens) and stops keeping count. As such, if the player then dies it's an immediate game over. This is caused by the game's data overflow that was an error of programming as the developers may not have thought said number of lives would be reasonably earned in a full playthrough.

	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KB of memory.]]		In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KB of memory.]]

Jacobolus: wikilink buffer overflow

2024-09-05T10:46:01Z

wikilink buffer overflow

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	{{anchor\|Security ramifications}}		{{anchor\|Security ramifications}}
	Such wraparound may cause security detriments—if an overflowed value is used as the number of bytes to allocate for a buffer, the buffer will be allocated unexpectedly small, potentially leading to a buffer overflow which, depending on the use of the buffer, might in turn cause arbitrary code execution.		Such wraparound may cause security detriments—if an overflowed value is used as the number of bytes to allocate for a buffer, the buffer will be allocated unexpectedly small, potentially leading to a [[buffer overflow]] which, depending on the use of the buffer, might in turn cause arbitrary code execution.

	If the variable has a [[Signed number representations\|signed integer]] type, a program may make the assumption that a variable always contains a positive value. An integer overflow can cause the value to wrap and become negative, which violates the program's assumption and may lead to unexpected behavior (for example, 8-bit integer addition of 127 + 1 results in −128, a two's complement of 128). (A solution for this particular problem is to use unsigned integer types for values that a program expects and assumes will never be negative.)		If the variable has a [[Signed number representations\|signed integer]] type, a program may make the assumption that a variable always contains a positive value. An integer overflow can cause the value to wrap and become negative, which violates the program's assumption and may lead to unexpected behavior (for example, 8-bit integer addition of 127 + 1 results in −128, a two's complement of 128). (A solution for this particular problem is to use unsigned integer types for values that a program expects and assumes will never be negative.)

Jacobolus: /* See also */ trim list. see also sections are not intended to be a free-association grab bag see MOS:ALSO

2024-09-05T10:45:36Z

See also: trim list. see also sections are not intended to be a free-association grab bag see MOS:ALSO

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	==See also==		==See also==
	<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
	*[[Buffer overflow]]
	*[[Carry (arithmetic)]]		*[[Carry (arithmetic)]]
	*[[Heap overflow]]
	*[[Modular arithmetic]]		*[[Modular arithmetic]]
	*[[Nuclear Gandhi]]		*[[Nuclear Gandhi]]
	*[[Pointer swizzling]]
	*[[Software testing]]
	*[[Stack buffer overflow]]
	*[[Static program analysis]]
	*[[Unix signal]]

	==References==		==References==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:35, 14 April 2025
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	* [[16-bit computing\|16-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>16</sup> − 1 = 65,535		* [[16-bit computing\|16-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>16</sup> − 1 = 65,535
	* [[32-bit computing\|32-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 = 4,294,967,295 (the most common width for personal computers {{as of\|2005\|lc=on}}),		* [[32-bit computing\|32-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 = 4,294,967,295 (the most common width for personal computers {{as of\|2005\|lc=on}}),
	* [[64-bit computing\|64-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>64</sup> − 1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (the most common width for personal computer [[central processing unit]]s (CPUs), {{as of\|~~2024~~\|lc=on}}),		* [[64-bit computing\|64-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>64</sup> − 1 = 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 (the most common width for personal computer [[central processing unit]]s (CPUs), {{as of\|2025\|lc=on}}),
	* [[128-bit computing\|128-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>128</sup> − 1 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,455		* [[128-bit computing\|128-bit]]: maximum representable value 2<sup>128</sup> − 1 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,455

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:20, 2 February 2025
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	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]		[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]

	IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>		IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>

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	In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}		In the arcade game ''[[Donkey Kong (arcade game)\|Donkey Kong]]'', it is impossible to advance past level 22 due to an integer overflow in its time/bonus. The game calculates the time/bonus by taking the level number a user is on, multiplying it by 10, and adding 40. When they reach level 22, the time/bonus number is 260, which is too large for its 8-bit 256 value register, so it overflows to a value of 4 – too short to finish the level. In ''[[Donkey Kong Jr. Math]]'', when trying to calculate a number over 10,000, it shows only the first 4 digits. Overflow is the cause of the famous [[kill screen\|"split-screen" level]] in ''[[Pac-Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://home.comcast.net/~jpittman2/pacman/pacmandossier.html \|title=The Pac-Man Dossier \|last=Pittman \|first=Jamey}}</ref> Such a bug also caused the ''Far Lands'' in ''[[Minecraft]]'' Java Edition which existed from the Infdev development period to Beta 1.7.3; it was later fixed in Beta 1.8. The same bug also existed in ''Minecraft'' Bedrock Edition but has since been fixed.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://minecraft.wiki/w/Far_Lands \|title=Far Lands \|website=Minecraft Wiki \|access-date=24 September 2023 \|language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source\|date=October 2024}}

	In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KB of memory.]]		In the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] (SNES) game [[Lamborghini American Challenge]], the player can cause their amount of money to drop below $0 during a race by being fined over the limit of remaining money after paying the fee for a race, which glitches the integer and grants the player $65,535,000 more than it would have had after going negative.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/aNQdQPi0xMo Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726012137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNQdQPi0xMo&t=17m55s \|title=Lamborghini American Challenge SPEEDRUN (13:24) \|website=[[YouTube]]\|date=14 March 2019 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>[[File:Error message due to an integer signedness bug in the stack setup code of MASM 1.00.gif\|thumb\|An integer signedness bug in the stack setup code emitted by the [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler prevented IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, a [[DOS]] program from 1981, and many other programs compiled with the same compiler, to run under some configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory.]]

	IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>		IBM–[[Microsoft Macro Assembler]] (MASM) version 1.00, and likely all other programs built by the same [[Pascal (programming language)\|Pascal]] compiler, had an integer overflow and signedness error in the stack setup code, which prevented them from running on newer [[DOS]] machines or emulators under some common configurations with more than 512 KiB of memory. The program either hangs or displays an error message and exits to DOS.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Lenclud \|first=Christophe \|url=https://slions.net/threads/debugging-the-ibm-personal-computer-macro-assembler-masm-version-1-00.33/ \|title=Debugging IBM MACRO Assembler Version 1.00\|date=21 April 2017 }}</ref>

	In August 2016, a [[casino]] machine at [[Resorts World]] casino printed a prize ticket of $42,949,672.76 as a result of an overflow bug. The casino refused to pay this amount, calling it a malfunction, using in their defense that the machine clearly stated that the maximum payout was $10,000, so any prize exceeding that had to be the result of a programming bug. The [[New York State Gaming Commission]] ruled in favor of the casino.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Kravets \|first=David \|date=June 15, 2017 \|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/06/sorry-maam-you-didnt-win-43m-there-was-a-slot-machine-malfunction \|title=Sorry ma'am you didn't win $43M – there was a slot machine 'malfunction' \|website=Ars Technica}}</ref>		In August 2016, a [[casino]] machine at [[Resorts World]] casino printed a prize ticket of $42,949,672.76 as a result of an overflow bug. The casino refused to pay this amount, calling it a malfunction, using in their defense that the machine clearly stated that the maximum payout was $10,000, so any prize exceeding that had to be the result of a programming bug. The [[New York State Gaming Commission]] ruled in favor of the casino.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Kravets \|first=David \|date=June 15, 2017 \|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/06/sorry-maam-you-didnt-win-43m-there-was-a-slot-machine-malfunction \|title=Sorry ma'am you didn't win $43M – there was a slot machine 'malfunction' \|website=Ars Technica}}</ref>