Java - Revision history

Borgenland: /* Colonial periods */ not the Raffles era

2025-06-05T04:35:51Z

Colonial periods: not the Raffles era

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:35, 5 June 2025
Line 129:		Line 129:

	Java's major role during the early part of the colonial period was as a producer of rice. In spice-producing islands like [[Banda Islands\|Banda]], rice was regularly imported from Java, to supply the deficiency in means of subsistence.<ref>{{cite book \|last=St. John \|first=Horace Stebbing Roscoe \|title=The Indian Archipelago: its history and present state, Volume 1 \|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans \|year=1853 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog/page/n183 137] \|url=https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog}}</ref>		Java's major role during the early part of the colonial period was as a producer of rice. In spice-producing islands like [[Banda Islands\|Banda]], rice was regularly imported from Java, to supply the deficiency in means of subsistence.<ref>{{cite book \|last=St. John \|first=Horace Stebbing Roscoe \|title=The Indian Archipelago: its history and present state, Volume 1 \|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans \|year=1853 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog/page/n183 137] \|url=https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog}}</ref>

	[[File:The British Occupation of Java SE6050.jpg\|thumb\|left\|British Occupation of Java; men of the Bengal Sappers and Miners burn houses in the village of Bekasi as a reprisal for the murder of five members of the Royal Air Force and twenty Maharatta riflemen whose Dakota transport aircraft crash-landed near the village.]]

	During the [[Napoleonic wars]] in Europe, the [[Netherlands]] fell to [[France]], as did its colony in the [[East Indies]]. During the short-lived [[Herman Willem Daendels\|Daendels]] administration, as French proxy rule on Java, the construction of the [[Great Post Road]] was commenced in 1808. The road, spanning from [[Anyer]] in Western Java to Panarukan in East Java, served as a military supply route and was used in defending Java from British invasion.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan, Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas \|publisher=Pnerbit Buku Kompas, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta Indonesia \|date=November 2008 \|pages=1–2 \|isbn=978-979-709-391-4}}</ref> In 1811, Java was [[Invasion of Java (1811)\|captured by the British]], becoming a possession of the [[British Empire]], and Sir [[Stamford Raffles]] was appointed as the island's governor. In 1816, under the governorship of [[John Fendall Jr.\|John Fendall]], Java was returned to the Dutch as per the terms of the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)\|Treaty of Paris]].<ref>{{cite book \|last=Atkins \|first=James \|title=The Coins And Tokens of the Possessions And Colonies of the British Empire \|url=https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame \|year=1889<!-- \|location=Quaritch, Bernard--> \|location=London \|page=[https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame/page/213 213] \|publisher=Bernard Quaritch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hannigan \|first=Tim \|title=Raffles and the British invasion of Java \|publisher=Singapore: Monsoon Books Pte Ltd. \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-981-4358-85-9 \|edition=4th \|pages=229}}</ref>		During the [[Napoleonic wars]] in Europe, the [[Netherlands]] fell to [[France]], as did its colony in the [[East Indies]]. During the short-lived [[Herman Willem Daendels\|Daendels]] administration, as French proxy rule on Java, the construction of the [[Great Post Road]] was commenced in 1808. The road, spanning from [[Anyer]] in Western Java to Panarukan in East Java, served as a military supply route and was used in defending Java from British invasion.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan, Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas \|publisher=Pnerbit Buku Kompas, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta Indonesia \|date=November 2008 \|pages=1–2 \|isbn=978-979-709-391-4}}</ref> In 1811, Java was [[Invasion of Java (1811)\|captured by the British]], becoming a possession of the [[British Empire]], and Sir [[Stamford Raffles]] was appointed as the island's governor. In 1816, under the governorship of [[John Fendall Jr.\|John Fendall]], Java was returned to the Dutch as per the terms of the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)\|Treaty of Paris]].<ref>{{cite book \|last=Atkins \|first=James \|title=The Coins And Tokens of the Possessions And Colonies of the British Empire \|url=https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame \|year=1889<!-- \|location=Quaritch, Bernard--> \|location=London \|page=[https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame/page/213 213] \|publisher=Bernard Quaritch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hannigan \|first=Tim \|title=Raffles and the British invasion of Java \|publisher=Singapore: Monsoon Books Pte Ltd. \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-981-4358-85-9 \|edition=4th \|pages=229}}</ref>

OAbot: Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.

2025-05-25T19:23:36Z

Open access bot: url-access updated in citation with #oabot.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:23, 25 May 2025
Line 86:		Line 86:
	[[Solo Man\|''H. e. soloensis'']] was the last population of a long occupation history of the island of Java by ''H. erectus'', beginning 1.51 to 0.93 million years ago at the Sangiran site, continuing 540 to 430 thousand years ago at the Trinil site, and finally 117 to 108 thousand years ago at Ngandong.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Zaim \|first1=Yahdi \|last2=Ciochon \|first2=Russell L. \|last3=Polanski \|first3=Joshua M. \|last4=Grine \|first4=Frederick E. \|last5=Bettis \|first5=E. Arthur \|last6=Rizal \|first6=Yan \|last7=Franciscus \|first7=Robert G. \|last8=Larick \|first8=Roy R. \|last9=Heizler \|first9=Matthew \|last10=Aswan \|first10=null \|last11=Eaves \|first11=K. Lindsay \|last12=Marsh \|first12=Hannah E. \|title=New 1.5 million-year-old Homo erectus maxilla from Sangiran (Central Java, Indonesia) \|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21783226/ \|journal=Journal of Human Evolution \|date=2011 \|volume=61 \|issue=4 \|pages=363–376 \|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.04.009 \|issn=1095-8606 \|pmid=21783226\|bibcode=2011JHumE..61..363Z }}</ref> If the date is correct for Solo Man, then they would represent a terminal population of ''H. erectus'' which sheltered in the last open-habitat refuges of East Asia before the rainforest takeover. Before the immigration of modern humans, Late Pleistocene Southeast Asia was also home to ''[[Homo floresiensis\|H. floresiensis]]'' endemic to the island of [[Flores]], Indonesia, and ''[[Homo luzonensis\|H. luzonensis]]'' endemic to the island of [[Luzon]], the Philippines. Genetic analysis of present-day Southeast Asian populations indicates the widespread dispersal of the [[Denisovans]] (a species currently recognisable only by their genetic signature) across Southeast Asia, whereupon they interbred with immigrating modern humans 45.7 and 29.8 thousand years ago.{{citation needed\|date=May 2024}} A 2021 genomic study indicates that, aside from the Denisovans, modern humans never interbred with any of these endemic human species, unless the offspring were [[hybrid incompatibility\|unviable]] or the hybrid lineages have since died out.{{citation needed\|date=May 2024}}		[[Solo Man\|''H. e. soloensis'']] was the last population of a long occupation history of the island of Java by ''H. erectus'', beginning 1.51 to 0.93 million years ago at the Sangiran site, continuing 540 to 430 thousand years ago at the Trinil site, and finally 117 to 108 thousand years ago at Ngandong.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Zaim \|first1=Yahdi \|last2=Ciochon \|first2=Russell L. \|last3=Polanski \|first3=Joshua M. \|last4=Grine \|first4=Frederick E. \|last5=Bettis \|first5=E. Arthur \|last6=Rizal \|first6=Yan \|last7=Franciscus \|first7=Robert G. \|last8=Larick \|first8=Roy R. \|last9=Heizler \|first9=Matthew \|last10=Aswan \|first10=null \|last11=Eaves \|first11=K. Lindsay \|last12=Marsh \|first12=Hannah E. \|title=New 1.5 million-year-old Homo erectus maxilla from Sangiran (Central Java, Indonesia) \|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21783226/ \|journal=Journal of Human Evolution \|date=2011 \|volume=61 \|issue=4 \|pages=363–376 \|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.04.009 \|issn=1095-8606 \|pmid=21783226\|bibcode=2011JHumE..61..363Z }}</ref> If the date is correct for Solo Man, then they would represent a terminal population of ''H. erectus'' which sheltered in the last open-habitat refuges of East Asia before the rainforest takeover. Before the immigration of modern humans, Late Pleistocene Southeast Asia was also home to ''[[Homo floresiensis\|H. floresiensis]]'' endemic to the island of [[Flores]], Indonesia, and ''[[Homo luzonensis\|H. luzonensis]]'' endemic to the island of [[Luzon]], the Philippines. Genetic analysis of present-day Southeast Asian populations indicates the widespread dispersal of the [[Denisovans]] (a species currently recognisable only by their genetic signature) across Southeast Asia, whereupon they interbred with immigrating modern humans 45.7 and 29.8 thousand years ago.{{citation needed\|date=May 2024}} A 2021 genomic study indicates that, aside from the Denisovans, modern humans never interbred with any of these endemic human species, unless the offspring were [[hybrid incompatibility\|unviable]] or the hybrid lineages have since died out.{{citation needed\|date=May 2024}}

	Judging by the sheer number of specimens deposited at Ngandong at the same time, there may have been a sizeable population of ''H. e soloensis'' before the volcanic eruption which resulted in their interment, but population is difficult to approximate with certainty. This site is quite far from the north coast of Java Island, and it is not always easy to determine the position of the coastline in prehistoric times because of significant geographical changes.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Rizal \|first1=Yan \|last2=Westaway \|first2=Kira E. \|last3=Zaim \|first3=Yahdi \|last4=van den Bergh \|first4=Gerrit D. \|last5=Bettis \|first5=E. Arthur \|last6=Morwood \|first6=Michael J. \|last7=Huffman \|first7=O. Frank \|last8=Grün \|first8=Rainer \|last9=Joannes-Boyau \|first9=Renaud \|last10=Bailey \|first10=Richard M. \|last11=Sidarto \|last12=Westaway \|first12=Michael C. \|last13=Kurniawan \|first13=Iwan \|last14=Moore \|first14=Mark W. \|last15=Storey \|first15=Michael \|date=18 December 2019 \|title=Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1863-2 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=577 \|issue=7790 \|pages=381–385 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1863-2 \|pmid=31853068 \|issn=1476-4687}}</ref>		Judging by the sheer number of specimens deposited at Ngandong at the same time, there may have been a sizeable population of ''H. e soloensis'' before the volcanic eruption which resulted in their interment, but population is difficult to approximate with certainty. This site is quite far from the north coast of Java Island, and it is not always easy to determine the position of the coastline in prehistoric times because of significant geographical changes.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Rizal \|first1=Yan \|last2=Westaway \|first2=Kira E. \|last3=Zaim \|first3=Yahdi \|last4=van den Bergh \|first4=Gerrit D. \|last5=Bettis \|first5=E. Arthur \|last6=Morwood \|first6=Michael J. \|last7=Huffman \|first7=O. Frank \|last8=Grün \|first8=Rainer \|last9=Joannes-Boyau \|first9=Renaud \|last10=Bailey \|first10=Richard M. \|last11=Sidarto \|last12=Westaway \|first12=Michael C. \|last13=Kurniawan \|first13=Iwan \|last14=Moore \|first14=Mark W. \|last15=Storey \|first15=Michael \|date=18 December 2019 \|title=Last appearance of Homo erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 years ago \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1863-2 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=577 \|issue=7790 \|pages=381–385 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1863-2 \|pmid=31853068 \|issn=1476-4687\|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

	The southern coastline and estuary of the Bengawan Solo River at that time may have been different from what it is today, due to geological factors such as sedimentation, erosion, and changes in sea level over time. Currently, the estuary of the Bengawan Solo is in the Java Sea, but in prehistoric times, the river flow and estuary location may have changed. Geological and paleogeographic studies are often used to understand these changes.		The southern coastline and estuary of the Bengawan Solo River at that time may have been different from what it is today, due to geological factors such as sedimentation, erosion, and changes in sea level over time. Currently, the estuary of the Bengawan Solo is in the Java Sea, but in prehistoric times, the river flow and estuary location may have changed. Geological and paleogeographic studies are often used to understand these changes.

2600:1702:6D0:5160:5560:9063:26A2:7710 at 21:59, 20 May 2025

2025-05-20T21:59:17Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:59, 20 May 2025
Line 368:		Line 368:
	\|value1 = 96.06		\|value1 = 96.06
	\|color1 = DarkGreen		\|color1 = DarkGreen
	\|label2 = [[~~Protestant~~]]		\|label2 = [[Protestantism]]
	\|value2 = 2.26		\|value2 = 2.26
	\|color2 = DarkBlue		\|color2 = DarkBlue
	\|label3 = [[Roman ~~Catholic~~]]		\|label3 = [[Roman Catholicism]]
	\|value3 = 1.07		\|value3 = 1.07
	\|color3 = Purple		\|color3 = Purple
Line 395:		Line 395:
	\| [[Islam]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|151,001,350		\| [[Islam]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|151,001,350
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[~~Protestant~~]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|3,551,176		\| [[Protestantism]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|3,551,176
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Roman ~~Catholic~~]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|1,677,824		\| [[Roman Catholicism]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|1,677,824
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Buddhism]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|755,560		\| [[Buddhism]] \|\| style="text-align:right;"\|755,560

Feureau: /* Spread of Islam and rise of Islamic sultanates */

2025-05-04T07:47:19Z

Spread of Islam and rise of Islamic sultanates

← Previous revision		Revision as of 07:47, 4 May 2025
Line 120:		Line 120:
	{{Unreferenced section\|date=November 2022}}		{{Unreferenced section\|date=November 2022}}

	Islam became the dominant religion in Java at the end of the 16th century. During this era, the Islamic kingdoms of [[Demak Sultanate\|Demak]], [[Sultanate of Cirebon\|Cirebon]], and [[Banten Sultanate\|Banten]] were ascendant. The [[Mataram Sultanate]] became the dominant power of central and eastern Java at the end of the 16th century. The principalities of Surabaya and Cirebon were eventually subjugated such that only Mataram and Banten were left to face the Dutch in the 17th century.		Islam became the dominant religion in Java at the end of the 16th century. During this era, the Islamic kingdoms of [[Demak Sultanate\|Demak]], [[Sultanate of Cirebon\|Cirebon]], and [[Banten Sultanate\|Banten]] were ascendant. The [[Mataram Sultanate]] became the dominant power of central and eastern Java at the end of the 16th century. The principalities of Surabaya and Cirebon were eventually subjugated such that only Mataram and Banten were left to face the Dutch in the 17th century. [[File:Page001 img001.png\|thumb\|"The Champion" (Sang Agul-agul). Sketch of a Javanese soldier leader by Swiss painter J. Scheiss (1799-1844), from J.J.X. Pfyffer's 1829 "Sketches from Java," Plate VI. Photo: Leiden Univ. Library. Sources and related content]]

	===Colonial periods===		===Colonial periods===

Baqotun0023: add

2025-05-03T10:30:02Z

add

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:30, 3 May 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Short description\|~~Island~~ in Indonesia}}		{{Short description\|Region and island in Indonesia}}
	{{About\|the Indonesian island\|the programming language\|Java (programming language)\|other uses\|Java (disambiguation)}}		{{About\|the Indonesian island\|the programming language\|Java (programming language)\|other uses\|Java (disambiguation)}}
	{{Infobox island		{{Infobox island

73.202.165.165 at 04:36, 1 May 2025

2025-05-01T04:36:39Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:36, 1 May 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{About\|the Indonesian island\|the programming language\|Java (programming language)\|other uses\|Java (disambiguation)}}		{{About\|the Indonesian island\|the programming language\|Java (programming language)\|other uses\|Java (disambiguation)}}
	{{Infobox island		{{Infobox island
	\| name = ~~Java11111~~		\| name = Java
	\| native_name = {{native name\|id\|Jawa}}<br>ꦗꦮ {{nobold\|([[Javanese language\|Javanese]])}}<br>ᮏᮝ {{nobold\|([[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]])}}<br>''Jawè'' {{nobold\|([[Betawi language\|Betawi]])}}		\| native_name = {{native name\|id\|Jawa}}<br>ꦗꦮ {{nobold\|([[Javanese language\|Javanese]])}}<br>ᮏᮝ {{nobold\|([[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]])}}<br>''Jawè'' {{nobold\|([[Betawi language\|Betawi]])}}
	\| image_name = Java Topography.png		\| image_name = Java Topography.png

73.202.165.165 at 04:36, 1 May 2025

2025-05-01T04:36:18Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:36, 1 May 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:
	{{About\|the Indonesian island\|the programming language\|Java (programming language)\|other uses\|Java (disambiguation)}}		{{About\|the Indonesian island\|the programming language\|Java (programming language)\|other uses\|Java (disambiguation)}}
	{{Infobox island		{{Infobox island
	\| name = ~~Java~~		\| name = Java11111
	\| native_name = {{native name\|id\|Jawa}}<br>ꦗꦮ {{nobold\|([[Javanese language\|Javanese]])}}<br>ᮏᮝ {{nobold\|([[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]])}}<br>''Jawè'' {{nobold\|([[Betawi language\|Betawi]])}}		\| native_name = {{native name\|id\|Jawa}}<br>ꦗꦮ {{nobold\|([[Javanese language\|Javanese]])}}<br>ᮏᮝ {{nobold\|([[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]])}}<br>''Jawè'' {{nobold\|([[Betawi language\|Betawi]])}}
	\| image_name = Java Topography.png		\| image_name = Java Topography.png

Mukogodo: /* Population development */

2025-04-26T04:07:51Z

Population development

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:07, 26 April 2025
Line 328:		Line 328:
	Java has been traditionally dominated by an elite class, while the people in the lower classes were often involved in agriculture and fishing. The elite class in Java has evolved over the course of history, as cultural wave after cultural wave immigrated to the island. There is evidence that South Asian emigres were among this elite, as well as Arabian and Persian immigrants during the Islamic eras. More recently, Chinese immigrants have also become part of the economic elite of Java. Although politically the Chinese generally remain sidelined, there are notable exceptions, such as the former governor of Jakarta, [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]]. Java houses the majority of Indonesia's urban population. Currently, 65% of the island is urbanized. Unlike the rest of Java, the population growth in Central Java remains low. Central Java however has a younger population than the national average.<ref>[http://www.bkkbn.go.id/kependudukan/Pages/DataSensus/Sensus_Penduduk/Pola_Perkawinan/Rata_Usia_Kawin_Pertama/Nasional.aspx Usia Kawin Pertama Rata-Rata Wanita Menurut Provinsi: Sensus Penduduk Tahun 1990, 2000 dan 2010] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629055719/http://www.bkkbn.go.id/kependudukan/Pages/DataSensus/Sensus_Penduduk/Pola_Perkawinan/Rata_Usia_Kawin_Pertama/Nasional.aspx \|date=2015-06-29 }}. Retrieved 16 August 2015.</ref> The slow population growth can in part be attributed to the choice by many people to leave the more rural Central Java for better opportunities and higher incomes in the bigger cities.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/30/central-java-strives-alleviate-poverty.html \|author=Agus Maryono \|title=Central Java strives to alleviate poverty \|work=The Jakarta Post \|date=30 March 2009 \|access-date=16 August 2015 \|archive-date= 8 September 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908234750/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/30/central-java-strives-alleviate-poverty.html \|url-status=dead}}</ref> Java's population continues to rapidly increase despite many Javanese leaving the island. This is somewhat due to the fact that Java is the business, academic, and cultural hub of Indonesia, which attracts millions of non-Javanese people to its cities. The population growth is most intense in the regions surrounding [[Jakarta]] and [[Bandung]], which is reflected through the demographic diversity in those areas.{{cn\|date=December 2023}}		Java has been traditionally dominated by an elite class, while the people in the lower classes were often involved in agriculture and fishing. The elite class in Java has evolved over the course of history, as cultural wave after cultural wave immigrated to the island. There is evidence that South Asian emigres were among this elite, as well as Arabian and Persian immigrants during the Islamic eras. More recently, Chinese immigrants have also become part of the economic elite of Java. Although politically the Chinese generally remain sidelined, there are notable exceptions, such as the former governor of Jakarta, [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]]. Java houses the majority of Indonesia's urban population. Currently, 65% of the island is urbanized. Unlike the rest of Java, the population growth in Central Java remains low. Central Java however has a younger population than the national average.<ref>[http://www.bkkbn.go.id/kependudukan/Pages/DataSensus/Sensus_Penduduk/Pola_Perkawinan/Rata_Usia_Kawin_Pertama/Nasional.aspx Usia Kawin Pertama Rata-Rata Wanita Menurut Provinsi: Sensus Penduduk Tahun 1990, 2000 dan 2010] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629055719/http://www.bkkbn.go.id/kependudukan/Pages/DataSensus/Sensus_Penduduk/Pola_Perkawinan/Rata_Usia_Kawin_Pertama/Nasional.aspx \|date=2015-06-29 }}. Retrieved 16 August 2015.</ref> The slow population growth can in part be attributed to the choice by many people to leave the more rural Central Java for better opportunities and higher incomes in the bigger cities.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/30/central-java-strives-alleviate-poverty.html \|author=Agus Maryono \|title=Central Java strives to alleviate poverty \|work=The Jakarta Post \|date=30 March 2009 \|access-date=16 August 2015 \|archive-date= 8 September 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908234750/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/03/30/central-java-strives-alleviate-poverty.html \|url-status=dead}}</ref> Java's population continues to rapidly increase despite many Javanese leaving the island. This is somewhat due to the fact that Java is the business, academic, and cultural hub of Indonesia, which attracts millions of non-Javanese people to its cities. The population growth is most intense in the regions surrounding [[Jakarta]] and [[Bandung]], which is reflected through the demographic diversity in those areas.{{cn\|date=December 2023}}

	===Population ~~development~~===		===Population growth===
	[[File:Population density map of Java and Madura by subdistrict (kelurahan) (2022).svg\|thumb\|left\|upright=2\|Population density of Java and Madura by subdistrict as of 2022, with major urban areas shown]]		[[File:Population density map of Java and Madura by subdistrict (kelurahan) (2022).svg\|thumb\|left\|upright=2\|Population density of Java and Madura by subdistrict as of 2022, with major urban areas shown]]
	Java is the [[List of islands by population\|most populous major island in the world]] and is home to 55% of Indonesia's population, with a combined population of 156.9 million according to the official estimates as at mid 2024 (including Madura's 4.16 million).<ref name=JKTPOS>{{cite news \|title=Population growth 'good for Papua' \|date=23 August 2010 \|access-date=30 August 2010 \|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/08/23/population-growth-%E2%80%98good-papua%E2%80%99.html \|work=[[The Jakarta Post]] \|archive-date=24 August 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824053746/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/08/23/population-growth-%E2%80%98good-papua%E2%80%99.html \|url-status=dead}}</ref> At nearly 1,183.5 people per km<sup>2</sup> in 2024, it is also one of the most densely populated parts of the world, on a par with [[Bangladesh]]. Every region of the island has numerous volcanoes, with the people left to share the remaining flatter land. Because of this, many coasts are heavily populated and cities ring around the valleys surrounding volcanic peaks.{{cn\|date=December 2023}}		Java is the [[List of islands by population\|most populous major island in the world]] and is home to 55% of Indonesia's population, with a combined population of 156.9 million according to the official estimates as at mid 2024 (including Madura's 4.16 million).<ref name=JKTPOS>{{cite news \|title=Population growth 'good for Papua' \|date=23 August 2010 \|access-date=30 August 2010 \|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/08/23/population-growth-%E2%80%98good-papua%E2%80%99.html \|work=[[The Jakarta Post]] \|archive-date=24 August 2010 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824053746/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/08/23/population-growth-%E2%80%98good-papua%E2%80%99.html \|url-status=dead}}</ref> At nearly 1,183.5 people per km<sup>2</sup> in 2024, it is also one of the most densely populated parts of the world, on a par with [[Bangladesh]]. Every region of the island has numerous volcanoes, with the people left to share the remaining flatter land. Because of this, many coasts are heavily populated and cities ring around the valleys surrounding volcanic peaks.{{cn\|date=December 2023}}

Rif Winfield at 14:42, 21 April 2025

2025-04-21T14:42:32Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:42, 21 April 2025
Line 29:		Line 29:
	{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}		{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}

	'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.		'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, projected to rise to 158 million at mid 2025, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.

	Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].		Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].

Rif Winfield at 14:33, 21 April 2025

2025-04-21T14:33:53Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:33, 21 April 2025
Line 29:		Line 29:
	{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}		{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}

	'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.7% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.		'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.

	Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].		Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].
Line 35:		Line 35:
	Java was formed by volcanic eruptions due to geologic [[subduction]] of the [[Australian Plate]] under the [[Sunda Plate]]. It is the [[List of islands by area\|13th largest island]] in the world and the [[List of islands of Indonesia\|fifth largest]] in [[Indonesia]] by landmass, at about {{Convert\|132598.77\|km2\|mi2}} (including [[Madura]]'s {{Convert\|5408.45\|km2\|mi2}}). A chain of volcanic mountains is the east–west spine of the island.		Java was formed by volcanic eruptions due to geologic [[subduction]] of the [[Australian Plate]] under the [[Sunda Plate]]. It is the [[List of islands by area\|13th largest island]] in the world and the [[List of islands of Indonesia\|fifth largest]] in [[Indonesia]] by landmass, at about {{Convert\|132598.77\|km2\|mi2}} (including [[Madura]]'s {{Convert\|5408.45\|km2\|mi2}}). A chain of volcanic mountains is the east–west spine of the island.

	Four main languages are spoken on the island: [[Javanese language\|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]], [[Madurese language\|Madurese]], and [[Betawi language\|Betawi]]. [[Javanese language\|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]] are the most spoken.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Naim \|first1=Akhsan \|last2=Syaputra \|first2=Hendry \|year=2011 \|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html \|location=Jakarta \|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik \|isbn=9789790644175 \|language=id \|page=47}}</ref> The ethnic groups native to the island are the [[Javanese people\|Javanese]] in the central and eastern parts and [[Sundanese people\|Sundanese]] in the western parts. The [[Madurese people\|Madurese]] in the [[Eastern salient of Java]] are migrants from [[Madura Island]], while the [[Betawi people\|Betawi]] in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]]. Most residents are bilingual, speaking [[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]] (the official language of Indonesia) as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are [[Muslims\|Muslim]], Java's population comprises people of diverse religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Stockdale \|first1=John Joseph \|url={{GBurl\|id=YJxt2i2HbjEC\|q=java island}} \|title=Island of Java \|last2=Bastin \|first2=John \|date=2004-03-15 \|publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Limited \|isbn=978-962-8734-23-8 \|language=en}}</ref>		Four main languages are spoken on the island: [[Javanese language\|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]], [[Madurese language\|Madurese]], and [[Betawi language\|Betawi]]. [[Javanese language\|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]] are the most spoken.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Naim \|first1=Akhsan \|last2=Syaputra \|first2=Hendry \|year=2011 \|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html \|location=Jakarta \|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik \|isbn=9789790644175 \|language=id \|page=47}}</ref> The ethnic groups native to the island are the [[Javanese people\|Javanese]] in the central and eastern parts and [[Sundanese people\|Sundanese]] in the western parts. The [[Madurese people\|Madurese]] in the [[Eastern salient of Java]] are migrants from [[Madura Island]] (which is part of [[East Java]] Province in administrative terms), while the [[Betawi people\|Betawi]] in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]]. Most residents are bilingual, speaking [[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]] (the official language of Indonesia) as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are [[Muslims\|Muslim]], Java's population comprises people of diverse religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Stockdale \|first1=John Joseph \|url={{GBurl\|id=YJxt2i2HbjEC\|q=java island}} \|title=Island of Java \|last2=Bastin \|first2=John \|date=2004-03-15 \|publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Limited \|isbn=978-962-8734-23-8 \|language=en}}</ref>

	Java is divided into four administrative provinces: [[Banten]], [[West Java]], [[Central Java]], and [[East Java]], and two special regions, [[Jakarta]] and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta\|Yogyakarta]].		Java is divided into four administrative provinces: [[Banten]], [[West Java]], [[Central Java]], and [[East Java]], and two special regions, [[Jakarta]] and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta\|Yogyakarta]].

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:35, 5 June 2025
Line 129:		Line 129:

	Java's major role during the early part of the colonial period was as a producer of rice. In spice-producing islands like [[Banda Islands\|Banda]], rice was regularly imported from Java, to supply the deficiency in means of subsistence.<ref>{{cite book \|last=St. John \|first=Horace Stebbing Roscoe \|title=The Indian Archipelago: its history and present state, Volume 1 \|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans \|year=1853 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog/page/n183 137] \|url=https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog}}</ref>		Java's major role during the early part of the colonial period was as a producer of rice. In spice-producing islands like [[Banda Islands\|Banda]], rice was regularly imported from Java, to supply the deficiency in means of subsistence.<ref>{{cite book \|last=St. John \|first=Horace Stebbing Roscoe \|title=The Indian Archipelago: its history and present state, Volume 1 \|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans \|year=1853 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog/page/n183 137] \|url=https://archive.org/details/indianarchipela02johngoog}}</ref>

	[[File:The British Occupation of Java SE6050.jpg\|thumb\|left\|British Occupation of Java; men of the Bengal Sappers and Miners burn houses in the village of Bekasi as a reprisal for the murder of five members of the Royal Air Force and twenty Maharatta riflemen whose Dakota transport aircraft crash-landed near the village.]]

	During the [[Napoleonic wars]] in Europe, the [[Netherlands]] fell to [[France]], as did its colony in the [[East Indies]]. During the short-lived [[Herman Willem Daendels\|Daendels]] administration, as French proxy rule on Java, the construction of the [[Great Post Road]] was commenced in 1808. The road, spanning from [[Anyer]] in Western Java to Panarukan in East Java, served as a military supply route and was used in defending Java from British invasion.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan, Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas \|publisher=Pnerbit Buku Kompas, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta Indonesia \|date=November 2008 \|pages=1–2 \|isbn=978-979-709-391-4}}</ref> In 1811, Java was [[Invasion of Java (1811)\|captured by the British]], becoming a possession of the [[British Empire]], and Sir [[Stamford Raffles]] was appointed as the island's governor. In 1816, under the governorship of [[John Fendall Jr.\|John Fendall]], Java was returned to the Dutch as per the terms of the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)\|Treaty of Paris]].<ref>{{cite book \|last=Atkins \|first=James \|title=The Coins And Tokens of the Possessions And Colonies of the British Empire \|url=https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame \|year=1889<!-- \|location=Quaritch, Bernard--> \|location=London \|page=[https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame/page/213 213] \|publisher=Bernard Quaritch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hannigan \|first=Tim \|title=Raffles and the British invasion of Java \|publisher=Singapore: Monsoon Books Pte Ltd. \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-981-4358-85-9 \|edition=4th \|pages=229}}</ref>		During the [[Napoleonic wars]] in Europe, the [[Netherlands]] fell to [[France]], as did its colony in the [[East Indies]]. During the short-lived [[Herman Willem Daendels\|Daendels]] administration, as French proxy rule on Java, the construction of the [[Great Post Road]] was commenced in 1808. The road, spanning from [[Anyer]] in Western Java to Panarukan in East Java, served as a military supply route and was used in defending Java from British invasion.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ekspedisi Anjer-Panaroekan, Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas \|publisher=Pnerbit Buku Kompas, PT Kompas Media Nusantara, Jakarta Indonesia \|date=November 2008 \|pages=1–2 \|isbn=978-979-709-391-4}}</ref> In 1811, Java was [[Invasion of Java (1811)\|captured by the British]], becoming a possession of the [[British Empire]], and Sir [[Stamford Raffles]] was appointed as the island's governor. In 1816, under the governorship of [[John Fendall Jr.\|John Fendall]], Java was returned to the Dutch as per the terms of the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)\|Treaty of Paris]].<ref>{{cite book \|last=Atkins \|first=James \|title=The Coins And Tokens of the Possessions And Colonies of the British Empire \|url=https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame \|year=1889<!-- \|location=Quaritch, Bernard--> \|location=London \|page=[https://archive.org/details/coinstokensofpos1889jame/page/213 213] \|publisher=Bernard Quaritch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Hannigan \|first=Tim \|title=Raffles and the British invasion of Java \|publisher=Singapore: Monsoon Books Pte Ltd. \|year=2012 \|isbn=978-981-4358-85-9 \|edition=4th \|pages=229}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:42, 21 April 2025
Line 29:		Line 29:
	{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}		{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}

	'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.		'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, projected to rise to 158 million at mid 2025, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.

	Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].		Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:33, 21 April 2025
Line 29:		Line 29:
	{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}		{{Contains special characters\|Sundanese\|compact=yes}}

	'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.7% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.		'''Java'''{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|'\|dZ\|a:\|v\|@\|,_\|'\|dZ\|æ\|v\|@}};<ref>{{Dictionary.com\|Java\|accessdate=2022-09-26}}</ref> {{langx\|id\|Jawa}}, {{IPA\|id\|ˈdʒawa\|pron}}; {{langx\|jv\|ꦗꦮ}}; {{langx\|su\|{{sund\|ᮏᮝ}}}}}} is one of the [[Greater Sunda Islands]] in [[Indonesia]]. It is bordered by the [[Indian Ocean]] to the south and the [[Java Sea]] (a part of [[Pacific Ocean]]) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including [[Madura]]) in mid 2024, Java is the world's [[List of islands by population\|most populous island]], home to approximately 55.7% of the [[Demographics of Indonesia\|Indonesian population]] (only approximately 44.3% of Indonesian population live outside Java).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf \|page=9 \|publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] \|title=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 \|language=id \|date=21 January 2021 \|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> Indonesia's capital city, [[Jakarta]], is on Java's northwestern coast.

	Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].		Many of the best known events in Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the centre of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial [[Dutch East Indies]]. Java was also the center of the [[History of Indonesia\|Indonesian struggle for independence]] during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally. Four of Indonesia's eight [[UNESCO]] world heritage sites are located in Java: [[Ujung Kulon National Park]], [[Borobudur Temple]], [[Prambanan Temple]], and [[Sangiran Early Man Site]].
Line 35:		Line 35:
	Java was formed by volcanic eruptions due to geologic [[subduction]] of the [[Australian Plate]] under the [[Sunda Plate]]. It is the [[List of islands by area\|13th largest island]] in the world and the [[List of islands of Indonesia\|fifth largest]] in [[Indonesia]] by landmass, at about {{Convert\|132598.77\|km2\|mi2}} (including [[Madura]]'s {{Convert\|5408.45\|km2\|mi2}}). A chain of volcanic mountains is the east–west spine of the island.		Java was formed by volcanic eruptions due to geologic [[subduction]] of the [[Australian Plate]] under the [[Sunda Plate]]. It is the [[List of islands by area\|13th largest island]] in the world and the [[List of islands of Indonesia\|fifth largest]] in [[Indonesia]] by landmass, at about {{Convert\|132598.77\|km2\|mi2}} (including [[Madura]]'s {{Convert\|5408.45\|km2\|mi2}}). A chain of volcanic mountains is the east–west spine of the island.

	Four main languages are spoken on the island: [[Javanese language\|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]], [[Madurese language\|Madurese]], and [[Betawi language\|Betawi]]. [[Javanese language\|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]] are the most spoken.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Naim \|first1=Akhsan \|last2=Syaputra \|first2=Hendry \|year=2011 \|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html \|location=Jakarta \|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik \|isbn=9789790644175 \|language=id \|page=47}}</ref> The ethnic groups native to the island are the [[Javanese people\|Javanese]] in the central and eastern parts and [[Sundanese people\|Sundanese]] in the western parts. The [[Madurese people\|Madurese]] in the [[Eastern salient of Java]] are migrants from [[Madura Island]], while the [[Betawi people\|Betawi]] in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]]. Most residents are bilingual, speaking [[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]] (the official language of Indonesia) as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are [[Muslims\|Muslim]], Java's population comprises people of diverse religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Stockdale \|first1=John Joseph \|url={{GBurl\|id=YJxt2i2HbjEC\|q=java island}} \|title=Island of Java \|last2=Bastin \|first2=John \|date=2004-03-15 \|publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Limited \|isbn=978-962-8734-23-8 \|language=en}}</ref>		Four main languages are spoken on the island: [[Javanese language\|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]], [[Madurese language\|Madurese]], and [[Betawi language\|Betawi]]. [[Javanese language\|Javanese]] and [[Sundanese language\|Sundanese]] are the most spoken.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Naim \|first1=Akhsan \|last2=Syaputra \|first2=Hendry \|year=2011 \|title=Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-Hari Penduduk Indonesia: Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010 \|url=https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.html \|location=Jakarta \|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik \|isbn=9789790644175 \|language=id \|page=47}}</ref> The ethnic groups native to the island are the [[Javanese people\|Javanese]] in the central and eastern parts and [[Sundanese people\|Sundanese]] in the western parts. The [[Madurese people\|Madurese]] in the [[Eastern salient of Java]] are migrants from [[Madura Island]] (which is part of [[East Java]] Province in administrative terms), while the [[Betawi people\|Betawi]] in the capital city of Jakarta are hybrids from various [[ethnic groups in Indonesia]]. Most residents are bilingual, speaking [[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]] (the official language of Indonesia) as their first or second language. While the majority of the people of Java are [[Muslims\|Muslim]], Java's population comprises people of diverse religious beliefs, ethnicities, and cultures.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Stockdale \|first1=John Joseph \|url={{GBurl\|id=YJxt2i2HbjEC\|q=java island}} \|title=Island of Java \|last2=Bastin \|first2=John \|date=2004-03-15 \|publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Limited \|isbn=978-962-8734-23-8 \|language=en}}</ref>

	Java is divided into four administrative provinces: [[Banten]], [[West Java]], [[Central Java]], and [[East Java]], and two special regions, [[Jakarta]] and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta\|Yogyakarta]].		Java is divided into four administrative provinces: [[Banten]], [[West Java]], [[Central Java]], and [[East Java]], and two special regions, [[Jakarta]] and [[Special Region of Yogyakarta\|Yogyakarta]].