Operating system shell - Revision history

Tom.Reding: +{{Redirect category shell}} using AWB

2017-06-06T03:50:10Z

+{{Redirect category shell}} using AWB

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:50, 6 June 2017
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	#REDIRECT [[Shell (computing)]] ~~{{R from merge}}~~		#REDIRECT [[Shell (computing)]]

			{{Redirect category shell\|1=
			{{R from merge}}
			}}

Dsimic: Page turned into a redirect to Shell (computing), as part of the merger with Operating system shell article, see Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal for the discussion

2014-05-31T07:38:50Z

Page turned into a redirect to Shell (computing), as part of the merger with Operating system shell article, see Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal for the discussion

Show changes

BD2412: minor fixes, mostly disambig links using AWB

2014-05-02T16:46:52Z

minor fixes, mostly disambig links using AWB

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:46, 2 May 2014
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	{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal\|date=April 2014}}		{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal\|date=April 2014}}

	[[~~Image~~:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]		[[File:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]
	[[~~Image~~:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]		[[File:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]

	An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>		An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>
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	{\| align=right style="margin-left:1em" cellpadding=8px		{\| align=right style="margin-left:1em" cellpadding=8px
	\|- align=center style="font-size:large"		\|- align=center style="font-size:large"
	\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FFFF66 \|[[~~Image~~:User.svg]]<br/>User		\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FFFF66 \|[[File:User.svg]]<br/>User
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	\| colspan=5 \|   [[I/O]] '''↕''' devices		\| colspan=5 \|   [[I/O]] '''↕''' devices
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	\| rowspan=4 bgcolor=#FF66FF \|		\| rowspan=4 bgcolor=#FF66FF \|
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	\| colspan=3 bgcolor=#66FFFF style="font-size:large" \|[[~~Image~~:User-krusader.svg\|50px]]<br/>Shell [[process (computing)\|process]]		\| colspan=3 bgcolor=#66FFFF style="font-size:large" \|[[File:User-krusader.svg\|50px]]<br/>Shell [[process (computing)\|process]]
	\|		\|
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
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	\|'''↕'''		\|'''↕'''
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FF66FF style="font-size:large" \|[[~~Image~~:Emblem-system.svg\|96px]]<br/>The kernel		\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FF66FF style="font-size:large" \|[[File:Emblem-system.svg\|96px]]<br/>The kernel
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=5 style="font-size:80%; width:18em" \|An OS shell, as it usually functions. A direct user–kernel dialogue is very uncommon, and only on most primitive devices is a shell program able to communicate with the user without the kernel API		\| colspan=5 style="font-size:80%; width:18em" \|An OS shell, as it usually functions. A direct user–kernel dialogue is very uncommon, and only on most primitive devices is a shell program able to communicate with the user without the kernel API
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	Most operating system shells fall into one of two categories: command-line and graphical. Command line shells provide a [[command-line interface]] (CLI) to the operating system, while graphical shells provide a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). Other possibilities, although not so common, include [[voice user interface\|voice UI]] and various implementations of a [[text-based user interface]] (TUI) which are not CLI.		Most operating system shells fall into one of two categories: command-line and graphical. Command line shells provide a [[command-line interface]] (CLI) to the operating system, while graphical shells provide a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). Other possibilities, although not so common, include [[voice user interface\|voice UI]] and various implementations of a [[text-based user interface]] (TUI) which are not CLI.

	The relative merits of CLI- and GUI-based shells are often debated. CLI proponents claim that certain operations can be performed much faster under CLI shells than under GUI shells (such as moving files{{~~fact~~\|date=September 2012}}, for example). However, GUI proponents advocate the comparative usability and simplicity of GUI shells. The best choice is often determined by the way in which a computer will be used. On a server mainly used for data transfers and processing with expert administration, a CLI is likely to be the best choice. On the other hand, a GUI would probably be more appropriate for a computer to be used for secretarial work.		The relative merits of CLI- and GUI-based shells are often debated. CLI proponents claim that certain operations can be performed much faster under CLI shells than under GUI shells (such as moving files{{citation needed\|date=September 2012}}, for example). However, GUI proponents advocate the comparative usability and simplicity of GUI shells. The best choice is often determined by the way in which a computer will be used. On a server mainly used for data transfers and processing with expert administration, a CLI is likely to be the best choice. On the other hand, a GUI would probably be more appropriate for a computer to be used for secretarial work.

	== Command-line OS shells ==<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->		== Command-line OS shells ==<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->
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	\| bgcolor=#000000 style="font-family:monospace; font-size:250%; color:#999999" \|user@host:~$		\| bgcolor=#000000 style="font-family:monospace; font-size:250%; color:#999999" \|user@host:~$
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:small" \|A [[Command-line interface #Command prompt\|command prompt]] of the [[bash (Unix shell)\|bash]] shell		\| style="font-size:small" \|A [[Command-line interface#Command prompt\|command prompt]] of the [[bash (Unix shell)\|bash]] shell
	\|}		\|}
	[[~~Image~~:DirectoryListing1.svg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The [[Command Prompt]], a DOS-style user interface in Windows]]		[[File:DirectoryListing1.svg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The [[Command Prompt]], a DOS-style user interface in Windows]]
	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}
	{{main\|Command-line interface}}		{{main\|Command-line interface}}
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	=== Graphical (GUI) shells ===<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->		=== Graphical (GUI) shells ===<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->
	[[~~Image~~:Taskbar-SharpEnviro-v8.png\|thumb\|right\|800px\|The [[taskbar]] of [[SharpEnviro]], a shell replacement for Windows]]		[[File:Taskbar-SharpEnviro-v8.png\|thumb\|right\|800px\|The [[taskbar]] of [[SharpEnviro]], a shell replacement for Windows]]
	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}
	[[~~Image~~:Drag-and-drop-en.svg\|thumb\|320px\|[[Drag-and-drop]]ping a file between [[Kdesktop]] and [[Konqueror]]. The [[KDE]] environment is popular on Unix-like systems]]		[[File:Drag-and-drop-en.svg\|thumb\|320px\|[[Drag-and-drop]]ping a file between [[Kdesktop]] and [[Konqueror]]. The [[KDE]] environment is popular on Unix-like systems]]
	[[~~Image~~:X-Window-System.png\|thumb\|245px\|This graphical interface from 1990s features a [[text-based user interface\|TUI]] window for a [[man page]]. Another text window for [[#Command-line OS shells\|a Unix shell]] is partially visible]]		[[File:X-Window-System.png\|thumb\|245px\|This graphical interface from 1990s features a [[text-based user interface\|TUI]] window for a [[man page]]. Another text window for [[#Command-line OS shells\|a Unix shell]] is partially visible]]
	A graphical user interface is possible as an extension of an operating system which traditionally uses CLI. In this case the GUI is referred to as a graphical interface or "[[desktop environment]]". But certain OSes use a GUI shell as a primary user interface.<ref name="ComputerHope">{{cite web \| url=http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm \| title=What is Graphical User Interface (GUI)? \| publisher=[[Computerhope]] \| work=Computer dictionary and glossary \| date=2012-05-01 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> {{As of\|2012}}, it is common and perfectly normal that a [[desktop computer\|desktop]] OS has ''both'' command-line and GUI shells (GUI environment). Also, GUI shells usually incorporate some features of the command-line interpreter, especially its command language.		A graphical user interface is possible as an extension of an operating system which traditionally uses CLI. In this case the GUI is referred to as a graphical interface or "[[desktop environment]]". But certain OSes use a GUI shell as a primary user interface.<ref name="ComputerHope">{{cite web \| url=http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm \| title=What is Graphical User Interface (GUI)? \| publisher=[[Computerhope]] \| work=Computer dictionary and glossary \| date=2012-05-01 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> {{As of\|2012}}, it is common and perfectly normal that a [[desktop computer\|desktop]] OS has ''both'' command-line and GUI shells (GUI environment). Also, GUI shells usually incorporate some features of the command-line interpreter, especially its command language.

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	== Terminology ==		== Terminology ==
	[[Eric S. Raymond]] acknowledges a considerable confusion about etymology and different [[shell (disambiguation)#Computing\|modern usages of the word "shell"]].<ref name="Jargon File"/> Although it is usually associated with [[command-line interface\|command lines]] in the [[information technology\|IT]] world, its usage for graphical environments is not uncommon too, especially for OS platforms where GUI historically was a primary user interface.<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="Landau">{{cite ~~web~~ \| url=http://books.google.ru/books?id=Vf4U4UkDANsC&pg=PA923&lpg=PA923&dq=Mac+OS+graphical+shell&source=bl&ots=s6Hmfvcnp4&sig=NuxsmdkZNmJAN6rAca5UA659q6s \| title=Mac OS X Help Line \| publisher=[[Peachpit Press]] \| ~~date~~=2006 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012 \| author=Landau, Ted \|authorlink=Ted Landau \|coauthor=Frakes, Dan \| page=923 \| isbn=0321334299}}</ref><ref name="Pikimal">{{cite web \| url=http://pikimal.com/text-editor/top/10/with-graphical-shell-integration/mac-os-x-2 \| title=Top 10 Mac OS X Text Editors With Graphical Shell Integration \| publisher=[[Pikimal]] \| work=Explore Text Editors \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> These systems may refer to its CLI shell, if present, as to ''command''(''-line'')'' shell''.<ref name="cmd.mspx">{{cite web \| url=http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/cmd.mspx?mfr=true\| title=Command shell overview \| publisher=[[Microsoft]] Corp \| work=Microsoft Windows XP \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> Some sources<ref name="ComputerHope"/> distinguish between "GUI operating systems" (those which support a GUI [[native (computing)\|natively]]) and GUI ''interfaces'' for operating systems.		[[Eric S. Raymond]] acknowledges a considerable confusion about etymology and different [[shell (disambiguation)#Computing\|modern usages of the word "shell"]].<ref name="Jargon File"/> Although it is usually associated with [[command-line interface\|command lines]] in the [[information technology\|IT]] world, its usage for graphical environments is not uncommon too, especially for OS platforms where GUI historically was a primary user interface.<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="Landau">{{cite book \| url=http://books.google.ru/books?id=Vf4U4UkDANsC&pg=PA923&lpg=PA923&dq=Mac+OS+graphical+shell&source=bl&ots=s6Hmfvcnp4&sig=NuxsmdkZNmJAN6rAca5UA659q6s \| title=Mac OS X Help Line \| publisher=[[Peachpit Press]] \| year=2006 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012 \| author=Landau, Ted \|authorlink=Ted Landau \|coauthor=Frakes, Dan \| page=923 \| isbn=0321334299}}</ref><ref name="Pikimal">{{cite web \| url=http://pikimal.com/text-editor/top/10/with-graphical-shell-integration/mac-os-x-2 \| title=Top 10 Mac OS X Text Editors With Graphical Shell Integration \| publisher=[[Pikimal]] \| work=Explore Text Editors \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> These systems may refer to its CLI shell, if present, as to ''command''(''-line'')'' shell''.<ref name="cmd.mspx">{{cite web \| url=http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/cmd.mspx?mfr=true\| title=Command shell overview \| publisher=[[Microsoft]] Corp \| work=Microsoft Windows XP \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> Some sources<ref name="ComputerHope"/> distinguish between "GUI operating systems" (those which support a GUI [[native (computing)\|natively]]) and GUI ''interfaces'' for operating systems.

	Denotation of the term "shell" is usually restricted to few programs, including the main shell process,<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="cmd.mspx"/> which forms the core of the operating system's UI. The term "operating system user interface" may have a broader meaning, including some specialized components such as [[control panel (computer)\|control panel]].		Denotation of the term "shell" is usually restricted to few programs, including the main shell process,<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="cmd.mspx"/> which forms the core of the operating system's UI. The term "operating system user interface" may have a broader meaning, including some specialized components such as [[control panel (computer)\|control panel]].
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* {{cite web \| url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system10.htm \| title=User Interface \| publisher=HowStuffWorks.com \| work=How Operating Systems Work \| ~~date~~=2011 \|author= Curt Franklin; Dave Coustan \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}		* {{cite web \| url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system10.htm \| title=User Interface \| publisher=HowStuffWorks.com \| work=How Operating Systems Work \| year=2011 \|author= Curt Franklin; Dave Coustan \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}

	{{Operating System}}		{{Operating System}}

Dsimic: Undid revision 605130608 by Thumperward (talk) Sorry, too much crap went into the destination article, I'll redo it carefully later today or so

2014-04-21T10:38:42Z

Undid revision 605130608 by Thumperward (talk) Sorry, too much crap went into the destination article, I'll redo it carefully later today or so

Show changes

Thumperward: merge to parent article

2014-04-21T10:21:39Z

merge to parent article

Show changes

AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Merge to}}

2014-04-20T06:02:49Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Merge to}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:02, 20 April 2014
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	{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal}}		{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal\|date=April 2014}}

	[[Image:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]		[[Image:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]

Dsimic: Commented out wiki code deleted

2014-04-20T05:42:44Z

Commented out wiki code deleted

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:42, 20 April 2014
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	An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>		An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>

	<!-- [[Image:BOINC running-Task mgr CPU usage history demo-en-1.png\|190px\|thumb\|Windows' [[Task Manager]]]] -->

	== Purpose ==		== Purpose ==

Dsimic: /* top */ Added {{Merge to}} hatnote

2014-04-20T05:40:21Z

top: Added {{Merge to}} hatnote

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:40, 20 April 2014
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			{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal}}

	[[Image:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]		[[Image:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]
	[[Image:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]		[[Image:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]

	An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>		An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>

	<!-- [[Image:BOINC running-Task mgr CPU usage history demo-en-1.png\|190px\|thumb\|Windows' [[Task Manager]]]] -->		<!-- [[Image:BOINC running-Task mgr CPU usage history demo-en-1.png\|190px\|thumb\|Windows' [[Task Manager]]]] -->

	== Purpose ==		== Purpose ==
	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}

106.66.151.113: /* Functioning */

2014-03-17T00:36:29Z

Functioning

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:36, 17 March 2014
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	== Functioning ==		== Functioning ==
	Most OS shells are not ''direct'' interfaces to ~~the~~ kernel, even if communicate with user via [[peripheral device]]s attached to the computer directly. Shells are actually special [[application program\|applications]] which use the kernel [[application programming interface\|API]] in just the same way as it is used by other application programs. A shell manages the user–system interaction by prompting user(s) for input, interpreting their input, and then handling an output from the operating system.<ref name="AIX"/>		Most OS shells are not ''direct'' interfaces to kernel, even if communicate with user via [[peripheral device]]s attached to the computer directly. Shells are actually special [[application program\|applications]] which use the kernel [[application programming interface\|API]] in just the same way as it is used by other application programs. A shell manages the user–system interaction by prompting user(s) for input, interpreting their input, and then handling an output from the operating system.<ref name="AIX"/>

	Since the OS shell is actually an application, it may easily be replaced with other similar program, for most OSes.		Since the OS shell is actually an application, it may easily be replaced with other similar program, for most OSes.

Mkwayisi: "primary purpose is to interpret commands" doesn't count as a service of an operating system.

2014-03-12T17:16:35Z

"primary purpose is to interpret commands" doesn't count as a service of an operating system.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:16, 12 March 2014
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	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}
	The services that an operating system provides to its user(s) include, but are not limited to, the following:		The services that an operating system provides to its user(s) include, but are not limited to, the following:
	* primary purpose is to interpret commands.
	* [[File manager\|File management]]		* [[File manager\|File management]]
	* [[process (computing)\|Process]] management – running and terminating [[application program\|applications]]		* [[process (computing)\|Process]] management – running and terminating [[application program\|applications]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:46, 2 May 2014
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	{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal\|date=April 2014}}		{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal\|date=April 2014}}

	[[~~Image~~:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]		[[File:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]
	[[~~Image~~:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]		[[File:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]

	An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>		An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>
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	{\| align=right style="margin-left:1em" cellpadding=8px		{\| align=right style="margin-left:1em" cellpadding=8px
	\|- align=center style="font-size:large"		\|- align=center style="font-size:large"
	\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FFFF66 \|[[~~Image~~:User.svg]]<br/>User		\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FFFF66 \|[[File:User.svg]]<br/>User
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	\| colspan=5 \|   [[I/O]] '''↕''' devices		\| colspan=5 \|   [[I/O]] '''↕''' devices
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	\| rowspan=4 bgcolor=#FF66FF \|		\| rowspan=4 bgcolor=#FF66FF \|
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	\| colspan=3 bgcolor=#66FFFF style="font-size:large" \|[[~~Image~~:User-krusader.svg\|50px]]<br/>Shell [[process (computing)\|process]]		\| colspan=3 bgcolor=#66FFFF style="font-size:large" \|[[File:User-krusader.svg\|50px]]<br/>Shell [[process (computing)\|process]]
	\|		\|
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
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	\|'''↕'''		\|'''↕'''
	\|- align=center		\|- align=center
	\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FF66FF style="font-size:large" \|[[~~Image~~:Emblem-system.svg\|96px]]<br/>The kernel		\| colspan=5 bgcolor=#FF66FF style="font-size:large" \|[[File:Emblem-system.svg\|96px]]<br/>The kernel
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan=5 style="font-size:80%; width:18em" \|An OS shell, as it usually functions. A direct user–kernel dialogue is very uncommon, and only on most primitive devices is a shell program able to communicate with the user without the kernel API		\| colspan=5 style="font-size:80%; width:18em" \|An OS shell, as it usually functions. A direct user–kernel dialogue is very uncommon, and only on most primitive devices is a shell program able to communicate with the user without the kernel API
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	Most operating system shells fall into one of two categories: command-line and graphical. Command line shells provide a [[command-line interface]] (CLI) to the operating system, while graphical shells provide a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). Other possibilities, although not so common, include [[voice user interface\|voice UI]] and various implementations of a [[text-based user interface]] (TUI) which are not CLI.		Most operating system shells fall into one of two categories: command-line and graphical. Command line shells provide a [[command-line interface]] (CLI) to the operating system, while graphical shells provide a [[graphical user interface]] (GUI). Other possibilities, although not so common, include [[voice user interface\|voice UI]] and various implementations of a [[text-based user interface]] (TUI) which are not CLI.

	The relative merits of CLI- and GUI-based shells are often debated. CLI proponents claim that certain operations can be performed much faster under CLI shells than under GUI shells (such as moving files{{~~fact~~\|date=September 2012}}, for example). However, GUI proponents advocate the comparative usability and simplicity of GUI shells. The best choice is often determined by the way in which a computer will be used. On a server mainly used for data transfers and processing with expert administration, a CLI is likely to be the best choice. On the other hand, a GUI would probably be more appropriate for a computer to be used for secretarial work.		The relative merits of CLI- and GUI-based shells are often debated. CLI proponents claim that certain operations can be performed much faster under CLI shells than under GUI shells (such as moving files{{citation needed\|date=September 2012}}, for example). However, GUI proponents advocate the comparative usability and simplicity of GUI shells. The best choice is often determined by the way in which a computer will be used. On a server mainly used for data transfers and processing with expert administration, a CLI is likely to be the best choice. On the other hand, a GUI would probably be more appropriate for a computer to be used for secretarial work.

	== Command-line OS shells ==<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->		== Command-line OS shells ==<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->
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	\| bgcolor=#000000 style="font-family:monospace; font-size:250%; color:#999999" \|user@host:~$		\| bgcolor=#000000 style="font-family:monospace; font-size:250%; color:#999999" \|user@host:~$
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="font-size:small" \|A [[Command-line interface #Command prompt\|command prompt]] of the [[bash (Unix shell)\|bash]] shell		\| style="font-size:small" \|A [[Command-line interface#Command prompt\|command prompt]] of the [[bash (Unix shell)\|bash]] shell
	\|}		\|}
	[[~~Image~~:DirectoryListing1.svg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The [[Command Prompt]], a DOS-style user interface in Windows]]		[[File:DirectoryListing1.svg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The [[Command Prompt]], a DOS-style user interface in Windows]]
	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}
	{{main\|Command-line interface}}		{{main\|Command-line interface}}
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	=== Graphical (GUI) shells ===<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->		=== Graphical (GUI) shells ===<!-- there are internal links to here from other parts of the article -->
	[[~~Image~~:Taskbar-SharpEnviro-v8.png\|thumb\|right\|800px\|The [[taskbar]] of [[SharpEnviro]], a shell replacement for Windows]]		[[File:Taskbar-SharpEnviro-v8.png\|thumb\|right\|800px\|The [[taskbar]] of [[SharpEnviro]], a shell replacement for Windows]]
	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}
	[[~~Image~~:Drag-and-drop-en.svg\|thumb\|320px\|[[Drag-and-drop]]ping a file between [[Kdesktop]] and [[Konqueror]]. The [[KDE]] environment is popular on Unix-like systems]]		[[File:Drag-and-drop-en.svg\|thumb\|320px\|[[Drag-and-drop]]ping a file between [[Kdesktop]] and [[Konqueror]]. The [[KDE]] environment is popular on Unix-like systems]]
	[[~~Image~~:X-Window-System.png\|thumb\|245px\|This graphical interface from 1990s features a [[text-based user interface\|TUI]] window for a [[man page]]. Another text window for [[#Command-line OS shells\|a Unix shell]] is partially visible]]		[[File:X-Window-System.png\|thumb\|245px\|This graphical interface from 1990s features a [[text-based user interface\|TUI]] window for a [[man page]]. Another text window for [[#Command-line OS shells\|a Unix shell]] is partially visible]]
	A graphical user interface is possible as an extension of an operating system which traditionally uses CLI. In this case the GUI is referred to as a graphical interface or "[[desktop environment]]". But certain OSes use a GUI shell as a primary user interface.<ref name="ComputerHope">{{cite web \| url=http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm \| title=What is Graphical User Interface (GUI)? \| publisher=[[Computerhope]] \| work=Computer dictionary and glossary \| date=2012-05-01 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> {{As of\|2012}}, it is common and perfectly normal that a [[desktop computer\|desktop]] OS has ''both'' command-line and GUI shells (GUI environment). Also, GUI shells usually incorporate some features of the command-line interpreter, especially its command language.		A graphical user interface is possible as an extension of an operating system which traditionally uses CLI. In this case the GUI is referred to as a graphical interface or "[[desktop environment]]". But certain OSes use a GUI shell as a primary user interface.<ref name="ComputerHope">{{cite web \| url=http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/g/gui.htm \| title=What is Graphical User Interface (GUI)? \| publisher=[[Computerhope]] \| work=Computer dictionary and glossary \| date=2012-05-01 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> {{As of\|2012}}, it is common and perfectly normal that a [[desktop computer\|desktop]] OS has ''both'' command-line and GUI shells (GUI environment). Also, GUI shells usually incorporate some features of the command-line interpreter, especially its command language.

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	== Terminology ==		== Terminology ==
	[[Eric S. Raymond]] acknowledges a considerable confusion about etymology and different [[shell (disambiguation)#Computing\|modern usages of the word "shell"]].<ref name="Jargon File"/> Although it is usually associated with [[command-line interface\|command lines]] in the [[information technology\|IT]] world, its usage for graphical environments is not uncommon too, especially for OS platforms where GUI historically was a primary user interface.<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="Landau">{{cite ~~web~~ \| url=http://books.google.ru/books?id=Vf4U4UkDANsC&pg=PA923&lpg=PA923&dq=Mac+OS+graphical+shell&source=bl&ots=s6Hmfvcnp4&sig=NuxsmdkZNmJAN6rAca5UA659q6s \| title=Mac OS X Help Line \| publisher=[[Peachpit Press]] \| ~~date~~=2006 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012 \| author=Landau, Ted \|authorlink=Ted Landau \|coauthor=Frakes, Dan \| page=923 \| isbn=0321334299}}</ref><ref name="Pikimal">{{cite web \| url=http://pikimal.com/text-editor/top/10/with-graphical-shell-integration/mac-os-x-2 \| title=Top 10 Mac OS X Text Editors With Graphical Shell Integration \| publisher=[[Pikimal]] \| work=Explore Text Editors \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> These systems may refer to its CLI shell, if present, as to ''command''(''-line'')'' shell''.<ref name="cmd.mspx">{{cite web \| url=http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/cmd.mspx?mfr=true\| title=Command shell overview \| publisher=[[Microsoft]] Corp \| work=Microsoft Windows XP \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> Some sources<ref name="ComputerHope"/> distinguish between "GUI operating systems" (those which support a GUI [[native (computing)\|natively]]) and GUI ''interfaces'' for operating systems.		[[Eric S. Raymond]] acknowledges a considerable confusion about etymology and different [[shell (disambiguation)#Computing\|modern usages of the word "shell"]].<ref name="Jargon File"/> Although it is usually associated with [[command-line interface\|command lines]] in the [[information technology\|IT]] world, its usage for graphical environments is not uncommon too, especially for OS platforms where GUI historically was a primary user interface.<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="Landau">{{cite book \| url=http://books.google.ru/books?id=Vf4U4UkDANsC&pg=PA923&lpg=PA923&dq=Mac+OS+graphical+shell&source=bl&ots=s6Hmfvcnp4&sig=NuxsmdkZNmJAN6rAca5UA659q6s \| title=Mac OS X Help Line \| publisher=[[Peachpit Press]] \| year=2006 \| accessdate=September 15, 2012 \| author=Landau, Ted \|authorlink=Ted Landau \|coauthor=Frakes, Dan \| page=923 \| isbn=0321334299}}</ref><ref name="Pikimal">{{cite web \| url=http://pikimal.com/text-editor/top/10/with-graphical-shell-integration/mac-os-x-2 \| title=Top 10 Mac OS X Text Editors With Graphical Shell Integration \| publisher=[[Pikimal]] \| work=Explore Text Editors \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> These systems may refer to its CLI shell, if present, as to ''command''(''-line'')'' shell''.<ref name="cmd.mspx">{{cite web \| url=http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/cmd.mspx?mfr=true\| title=Command shell overview \| publisher=[[Microsoft]] Corp \| work=Microsoft Windows XP \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}</ref> Some sources<ref name="ComputerHope"/> distinguish between "GUI operating systems" (those which support a GUI [[native (computing)\|natively]]) and GUI ''interfaces'' for operating systems.

	Denotation of the term "shell" is usually restricted to few programs, including the main shell process,<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="cmd.mspx"/> which forms the core of the operating system's UI. The term "operating system user interface" may have a broader meaning, including some specialized components such as [[control panel (computer)\|control panel]].		Denotation of the term "shell" is usually restricted to few programs, including the main shell process,<ref name="Windows Shell"/><ref name="cmd.mspx"/> which forms the core of the operating system's UI. The term "operating system user interface" may have a broader meaning, including some specialized components such as [[control panel (computer)\|control panel]].
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* {{cite web \| url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system10.htm \| title=User Interface \| publisher=HowStuffWorks.com \| work=How Operating Systems Work \| ~~date~~=2011 \|author= Curt Franklin; Dave Coustan \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}		* {{cite web \| url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system10.htm \| title=User Interface \| publisher=HowStuffWorks.com \| work=How Operating Systems Work \| year=2011 \|author= Curt Franklin; Dave Coustan \| accessdate=September 15, 2012}}

	{{Operating System}}		{{Operating System}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:40, 20 April 2014
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			{{Merge to\|Shell (computing)\|discuss=Talk:Shell (computing)#Merger proposal}}

	[[Image:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]		[[Image:System 1 File Edit.png\|thumb\|234px<!-- it is 1:1 scale, please, do not change -->\|Two [[menu (computing)\|menus]] of Apple's [[Finder (software)\|Finder]], dropping down from the menu bar (montaged)]]
	[[Image:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]		[[Image:MIUI-Free-screenshot.jpg\|thumb\|240px\|The [[MIUI]] environment for [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] operating system]]

	An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>		An '''operating system shell''' is a [[software]] component that presents a [[user interface]] to various [[operating system]] functions and services. Thus, it is nearly synonymous with "'''operating system user interface'''".<ref name="AIX">{{cite web \| url=http://pic.dhe.ibm.com/infocenter/aix/v6r1/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.aix.baseadmn%2Fdoc%2Fbaseadmndita%2Fshells.htm \| title=Operating system shells \| publisher=[[IBM]] Corp \| work=AIX 6.1 Information Center \| accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> The shell is so called because it is an outer layer of interface between the user and the innards of the operating system (the [[kernel (computing)\|kernel]]).<ref name="Jargon File">{{cite web \| url=http://www.retrologic.com/jargon/S/shell.html \| title=Shell \| work=The [[Jargon File]] \| accessdate=September 16, 2012 \| author=Raymond, Eric S. \| authorlink=Eric S. Raymond}}</ref>

	<!-- [[Image:BOINC running-Task mgr CPU usage history demo-en-1.png\|190px\|thumb\|Windows' [[Task Manager]]]] -->		<!-- [[Image:BOINC running-Task mgr CPU usage history demo-en-1.png\|190px\|thumb\|Windows' [[Task Manager]]]] -->

	== Purpose ==		== Purpose ==
	{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}		{{expand section\|date=September 2012}}