Ruby (programming language) - Revision history

HoneyBun III: /* Early releases */ fixlink

2025-05-31T19:53:51Z

Early releases: fixlink

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:53, 31 May 2025
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	After the release of Ruby 0.95 in 1995, several stable versions of Ruby were released in these years.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/>		After the release of Ruby 0.95 in 1995, several stable versions of Ruby were released in these years.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/>

	In 1997, the first article about Ruby was published on the Web. In the same year, Matsumoto was hired by [[netlab.jp]] to work on Ruby as a full-time developer.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/>		In 1997, the first article about Ruby was published on the Web. In the same year, Matsumoto was hired by [[Network Applied Communication Laboratory\|netlab.jp]] to work on Ruby as a full-time developer.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/>

	In 1998, the Ruby Application Archive was launched by Matsumoto, along with a simple English-language homepage for Ruby.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/>		In 1998, the Ruby Application Archive was launched by Matsumoto, along with a simple English-language homepage for Ruby.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/>

128.232.193.129: Undid vandalism 1290430383 by 2A02:C7C:7550:D400:E03F:2DBC:AA53:822D (talk)

2025-05-14T19:37:21Z

Undid vandalism 1290430383 by 2A02:C7C:7550:D400:E03F:2DBC:AA53:822D (talk)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:37, 14 May 2025
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	~~[[Yoko Ono\|MAN]]~~{{Short description\|General-purpose programming language}}		{{Short description\|General-purpose programming language}}
	{{distinguish\|Ruby on Rails}}		{{distinguish\|Ruby on Rails}}

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	}}		}}

	'''Ruby''' is a [[general-purpose programming language]]. It was designed ~~FOR~~ on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an [[object (computer science)\|object]], including [[primitive data type]]s. It was developed in the mid-1990s by [[Yukihiro Matsumoto\|Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto]] in [[Japan]].		'''Ruby''' is a [[general-purpose programming language]]. It was designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an [[object (computer science)\|object]], including [[primitive data type]]s. It was developed in the mid-1990s by [[Yukihiro Matsumoto\|Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto]] in [[Japan]].

	Ruby is [[interpreted language\|interpreted]], [[high-level programming language\|high-level]], and [[Dynamic typing\|dynamically typed]]; its interpreter uses [[garbage collection (computer science)\|garbage collection]] and [[just-in-time compilation]]. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including [[procedural programming\|procedural]], [[object-oriented programming\|object-oriented]], and [[functional programming]]. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by [[Perl]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Eiffel (programming language)\|Eiffel]], [[Ada (programming language)\|Ada]], [[BASIC]], and [[Lisp (programming language)\|Lisp]].<ref name="about"/><ref name="confreaks" />		Ruby is [[interpreted language\|interpreted]], [[high-level programming language\|high-level]], and [[Dynamic typing\|dynamically typed]]; its interpreter uses [[garbage collection (computer science)\|garbage collection]] and [[just-in-time compilation]]. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including [[procedural programming\|procedural]], [[object-oriented programming\|object-oriented]], and [[functional programming]]. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by [[Perl]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Eiffel (programming language)\|Eiffel]], [[Ada (programming language)\|Ada]], [[BASIC]], and [[Lisp (programming language)\|Lisp]].<ref name="about"/><ref name="confreaks" />

2A02:C7C:7550:D400:E03F:2DBC:AA53:822D: simplified

2025-05-14T19:27:52Z

simplified

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:27, 14 May 2025
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	{{Short description\|General-purpose programming language}}		[[Yoko Ono\|MAN]]{{Short description\|General-purpose programming language}}
	{{distinguish\|Ruby on Rails}}		{{distinguish\|Ruby on Rails}}

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	}}		}}

	'''Ruby''' is a [[general-purpose programming language]]. It was designed ~~with an emphasis~~ on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an [[object (computer science)\|object]], including [[primitive data type]]s. It was developed in the mid-1990s by [[Yukihiro Matsumoto\|Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto]] in [[Japan]].		'''Ruby''' is a [[general-purpose programming language]]. It was designed FOR on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an [[object (computer science)\|object]], including [[primitive data type]]s. It was developed in the mid-1990s by [[Yukihiro Matsumoto\|Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto]] in [[Japan]].

	Ruby is [[interpreted language\|interpreted]], [[high-level programming language\|high-level]], and [[Dynamic typing\|dynamically typed]]; its interpreter uses [[garbage collection (computer science)\|garbage collection]] and [[just-in-time compilation]]. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including [[procedural programming\|procedural]], [[object-oriented programming\|object-oriented]], and [[functional programming]]. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by [[Perl]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Eiffel (programming language)\|Eiffel]], [[Ada (programming language)\|Ada]], [[BASIC]], and [[Lisp (programming language)\|Lisp]].<ref name="about"/><ref name="confreaks" />		Ruby is [[interpreted language\|interpreted]], [[high-level programming language\|high-level]], and [[Dynamic typing\|dynamically typed]]; its interpreter uses [[garbage collection (computer science)\|garbage collection]] and [[just-in-time compilation]]. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including [[procedural programming\|procedural]], [[object-oriented programming\|object-oriented]], and [[functional programming]]. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by [[Perl]], [[Smalltalk]], [[Eiffel (programming language)\|Eiffel]], [[Ada (programming language)\|Ada]], [[BASIC]], and [[Lisp (programming language)\|Lisp]].<ref name="about"/><ref name="confreaks" />

HeyElliott: Redundant

2025-05-07T23:22:47Z

Redundant

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:22, 7 May 2025
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	<ref name="2-0-release-incompatibilities">Endoh, Yusuke. (2013-02-24) [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 Ruby 2.0.0-p0 is released] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227014031/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 \|date=2013-02-27 }}. Ruby-lang.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>		<ref name="2-0-release-incompatibilities">Endoh, Yusuke. (2013-02-24) [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 Ruby 2.0.0-p0 is released] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227014031/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 \|date=2013-02-27 }}. Ruby-lang.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>
	<ref name="semantic-versioning">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|title=Semantic Versioning starting with Ruby 2.1.0\|date=December 21, 2013\|access-date=December 27, 2013\|archive-date=February 13, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213000634/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="semantic-versioning">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|title=Semantic Versioning starting with Ruby 2.1.0\|date=December 21, 2013\|access-date=December 27, 2013\|archive-date=February 13, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213000634/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	<ref name="obsolete-or-gone-in-2.2">{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|title=ruby/NEWS at v2_2_0 · ruby/ruby ~~· GitHub~~\|work=GitHub\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=1 January 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101005836/https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="obsolete-or-gone-in-2.2">{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|title=ruby/NEWS at v2_2_0 · ruby/ruby \|work=GitHub\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=1 January 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101005836/https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="2-2-1-release">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released\|title=Ruby 2.2.1 Released\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=16 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516080955/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="2-2-1-release">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released\|title=Ruby 2.2.1 Released\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=16 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516080955/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="2-2-1-changelog">{{cite web\|url=https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|title=v2.2.1 ChangeLog\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=26 February 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226231425/http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="2-2-1-changelog">{{cite web\|url=https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|title=v2.2.1 ChangeLog\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=26 February 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226231425/http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

2001:1C00:150F:4F00:215B:4B0F:B503:631E: Link to official docs (ruby-doc.org is not official)

2025-04-28T09:38:27Z

Link to official docs (ruby-doc.org is not official)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:38, 28 April 2025
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	<ref name="bini">{{ cite book \| last = Bini \| first = Ola \| title = Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java \| year = 2007 \| publisher = APress \| location = Berkeley \| isbn = 978-1-59059-881-8 \| page = [https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3 3] \| quote = It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU. \| url = https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3}}</ref>		<ref name="bini">{{ cite book \| last = Bini \| first = Ola \| title = Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java \| year = 2007 \| publisher = APress \| location = Berkeley \| isbn = 978-1-59059-881-8 \| page = [https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3 3] \| quote = It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU. \| url = https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3}}</ref>
	<ref name="about">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|title=About Ruby\|access-date=15 February 2020\|archive-date=9 October 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009090312/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="about">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|title=About Ruby\|access-date=15 February 2020\|archive-date=9 October 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009090312/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<!-- <ref name="FAQ">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-~~doc~~.org/~~docs~~/~~ruby-doc-bundle~~/~~FAQ~~/~~FAQ.html~~\|title=~~The~~ Ruby ~~Language~~ FAQ\|author=Shugo Maeda\|date=17 December 2002\|access-date=2 March 2014\|archive-date=27 February 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227064945/http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ruby-doc-bundle/FAQ/FAQ.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> -->		<!-- <ref name="FAQ">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/\|title=Official Ruby FAQ}}</ref> -->
	<ref name="lisp-features">{{ cite web \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| title = Re: Ruby's lisp features. \| last = Matsumoto \| first = Yukihiro \| author-link = Yukihiro Matsumoto \| date = 13 February 2006 \| access-date = 15 February 2020 \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181027195101/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| archive-date = 2018-10-27}}</ref>		<ref name="lisp-features">{{ cite web \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| title = Re: Ruby's lisp features. \| last = Matsumoto \| first = Yukihiro \| author-link = Yukihiro Matsumoto \| date = 13 February 2006 \| access-date = 15 February 2020 \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181027195101/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| archive-date = 2018-10-27}}</ref>
	<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby">{{cite web\|url=http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|title=History of Ruby\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714181409/http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby">{{cite web\|url=http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|title=History of Ruby\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714181409/http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="ruby-name">{{cite web\|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|title=[FYI: historic] The decisive moment of the language name Ruby. (Re: [ANN] ruby 1.8.1)\|type=E-mail from Hiroshi Sugihara to ruby-talk\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205734/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="ruby-name">{{cite web\|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|title=[FYI: historic] The decisive moment of the language name Ruby. (Re: [ANN] ruby 1.8.1)\|type=E-mail from Hiroshi Sugihara to ruby-talk\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205734/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	<ref name="faq-name">{{cite web \| url = https://www.ruby-~~doc~~.org/~~docs~~/~~ruby-doc-bundle~~/~~FAQ~~/~~FAQ.html~~ \| title = 1.3 Why the name 'Ruby'? \| work = ~~The~~ Ruby ~~Language~~ FAQ \| publisher = Ruby-Doc.org \| access-date = April 10, 2012 \| archive-date = May 28, 2012 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120528140926/http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ruby-doc-bundle/FAQ/FAQ.html \| url-status = live }}</ref>		<ref name="faq-name">{{cite web \| url = https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/1/ \| title = 1.3 Why the name 'Ruby'? \| work = Official Ruby FAQ }}</ref>
	<ref name="ruby-talk-name">{{cite mailing list \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394 \| title = Re: the name of Ruby? \| mailing-list = Ruby-Talk \| date = June 11, 1999 \| author = [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]] \| access-date = April 10, 2012 \| archive-date = December 25, 2018 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131629/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394%0A%20 \| url-status = dead }}</ref>		<ref name="ruby-talk-name">{{cite mailing list \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394 \| title = Re: the name of Ruby? \| mailing-list = Ruby-Talk \| date = June 11, 1999 \| author = [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]] \| access-date = April 10, 2012 \| archive-date = December 25, 2018 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131629/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394%0A%20 \| url-status = dead }}</ref>
	<ref name="0.95">{{ cite web\|url=http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|title=More archeolinguistics: unearthing proto-Ruby\|access-date=2 May 2015\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106023204/http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|archive-date=6 November 2015}}</ref>		<ref name="0.95">{{ cite web\|url=http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|title=More archeolinguistics: unearthing proto-Ruby\|access-date=2 May 2015\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106023204/http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|archive-date=6 November 2015}}</ref>

2001:1C00:150F:4F00:215B:4B0F:B503:631E: Link to official docs (ruby-doc.org is not official)

2025-04-28T09:34:19Z

Link to official docs (ruby-doc.org is not official)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:34, 28 April 2025
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	== History ==		== History ==
	=== Early concept ===		=== Early concept ===
	According to Matsumoto, Ruby was conceived in 1993. In a 1999 post to the Ruby-Talk mailing list, he shared some of his early ideas about the language:<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-~~doc~~.org/~~docs~~/~~ruby-doc-bundle~~/~~FAQ~~/~~FAQ.html~~\|title=~~The~~ Ruby ~~Language~~ FAQ\|author=Shugo Maeda\|date=17 December 2002~~\|access-date=2 March 2014~~}}</ref>		According to Matsumoto, Ruby was conceived in 1993. In a 1999 post to the Ruby-Talk mailing list, he shared some of his early ideas about the language:<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/\|title=Official Ruby FAQ\|author=Shugo Maeda\|date=17 December 2002}}</ref>

	{{Blockquote\|I was talking with my colleague about the possibility of an object-oriented scripting language. I knew Perl (Perl4, not Perl5), but I didn't like it really, because it had the smell of a [[toy language]] (it still has). The object-oriented language seemed very promising. I knew [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] then. But I didn't like it, because I didn't think it was a true object-oriented language{{snd}} OO features appeared to be add-on to the language. As a language maniac and OO fan for 15 years, I really wanted a genuine object-oriented, easy-to-use scripting language. I looked for but couldn't find one. So I decided to make it.}}		{{Blockquote\|I was talking with my colleague about the possibility of an object-oriented scripting language. I knew Perl (Perl4, not Perl5), but I didn't like it really, because it had the smell of a [[toy language]] (it still has). The object-oriented language seemed very promising. I knew [[Python (programming language)\|Python]] then. But I didn't like it, because I didn't think it was a true object-oriented language{{snd}} OO features appeared to be add-on to the language. As a language maniac and OO fan for 15 years, I really wanted a genuine object-oriented, easy-to-use scripting language. I looked for but couldn't find one. So I decided to make it.}}

2001:1C00:150F:4F00:215B:4B0F:B503:631E: Link to official docs (ruby-doc.org is not official)

2025-04-28T08:45:56Z

Link to official docs (ruby-doc.org is not official)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:45, 28 April 2025
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	* Centralized package management through [[RubyGems]]		* Centralized package management through [[RubyGems]]
	* Implemented on all major platforms		* Implemented on all major platforms
	* Large standard library, including modules for [[YAML]], [[JSON]], [[XML]], [[Common Gateway Interface\|CGI]], [[OpenSSL]], [[HTTP]], [[FTP]], [[RSS]], [[curses (programming library)\|curses]], [[zlib]] and [[Tk (software)\|Tk]]<ref name="stdlib-~~2.0.0~~" />		* Large standard library, including modules for [[YAML]], [[JSON]], [[XML]], [[Common Gateway Interface\|CGI]], [[OpenSSL]], [[HTTP]], [[FTP]], [[RSS]], [[curses (programming library)\|curses]], [[zlib]] and [[Tk (software)\|Tk]]<ref name="stdlib-master" />
	* [[Just-in-time compilation]]		* [[Just-in-time compilation]]

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	<ref name="venners-closures">{{cite web\|url=http://www.artima.com/intv/closures.html\|title=Blocks and Closures in Ruby\|author=Bill Venners\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=18 April 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418162505/http://www.artima.com/intv/closures.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="venners-closures">{{cite web\|url=http://www.artima.com/intv/closures.html\|title=Blocks and Closures in Ruby\|author=Bill Venners\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=18 April 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418162505/http://www.artima.com/intv/closures.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="Methods">{{cite web\|title=Methods\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/7/\|website=Official Ruby FAQ\|access-date=2021-06-20\|archive-date=2022-06-28\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628194402/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/7/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="Methods">{{cite web\|title=Methods\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/7/\|website=Official Ruby FAQ\|access-date=2021-06-20\|archive-date=2022-06-28\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628194402/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/7/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="stdlib-~~2.0.0~~">{{cite web \| url = https://~~www~~.ruby-~~doc~~.org/~~stdlib-2~~.~~0.0/~~ \| title = Ruby ~~2.0.0~~ Standard Library Documentation \| access-date = 2013-12-09 \| last = Britt \| first = James \| archive-date = 2013-11-13 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131113002837/http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0.0/ \| url-status = live }}</ref>		<ref name="stdlib-master">{{cite web \| url = https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/standard_library_md.html \| title = Ruby Standard Library}}</ref>
	<ref name="faq-comparison">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rootr.net/rubyfaq-2.html\|title=The Ruby Language FAQ: How Does Ruby Stack Up Against...?\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=8 May 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508051623/http://www.rootr.net/rubyfaq-2.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="faq-comparison">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rootr.net/rubyfaq-2.html\|title=The Ruby Language FAQ: How Does Ruby Stack Up Against...?\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=8 May 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508051623/http://www.rootr.net/rubyfaq-2.html\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="while">{{cite web\|title=[ruby-talk:01120] Re: The value of while...\|quote=In Ruby's syntax, statement is just a special case of an expression that cannot appear as an argument (e.g. multiple assignment).\|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1120\|access-date=2008-12-06\|archive-date=2011-07-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205553/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1120\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="while">{{cite web\|title=[ruby-talk:01120] Re: The value of while...\|quote=In Ruby's syntax, statement is just a special case of an expression that cannot appear as an argument (e.g. multiple assignment).\|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1120\|access-date=2008-12-06\|archive-date=2011-07-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205553/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/1120\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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	* {{official website\|https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/}}		* {{official website\|https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/}}
	* [https://~~www~~.ruby-~~doc~~.org Ruby documentation]		* [https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ Ruby documentation]

	{{Ruby programming language}}		{{Ruby programming language}}

BetaMuKappa: /* Ruby 3 */

2025-04-23T00:04:23Z

Ruby 3

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	=== Ruby 3 ===		=== Ruby 3 ===

	Ruby 3.0.0 was released on [[Christmas]] Day in 2020.<ref name="Ruby 3.0.0 Released"/> It is known as Ruby 3x3 which ~~means~~ that programs would run three times faster in Ruby 3.0 comparing to Ruby 2.0.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Scheffler \|first=Jonan \|date=10 November 2016 \|title=Ruby 3x3: Matz, Koichi, and Tenderlove on the future of Ruby Performance \|url=https://blog.heroku.com/ruby-3-by-3 \|access-date=18 May 2019 \|website=Ruby \|language=en-US \|archive-date=10 May 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510225935/https://blog.heroku.com/ruby-3-by-3 \|url-status=live }}</ref> and some had already implemented in intermediate releases on the road from 2 to 3. To achieve 3x3, Ruby 3 comes with MJIT, and later YJIT, Just-In-Time Compilers, to make programs faster, although they are described as experimental and remain disabled by default (enabled by flags at runtime).		Ruby 3.0.0 was released on [[Christmas]] Day in 2020.<ref name="Ruby 3.0.0 Released"/> It is known as Ruby 3x3, which signifies that programs would run three times faster in Ruby 3.0 comparing to Ruby 2.0.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Scheffler \|first=Jonan \|date=10 November 2016 \|title=Ruby 3x3: Matz, Koichi, and Tenderlove on the future of Ruby Performance \|url=https://blog.heroku.com/ruby-3-by-3 \|access-date=18 May 2019 \|website=Ruby \|language=en-US \|archive-date=10 May 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510225935/https://blog.heroku.com/ruby-3-by-3 \|url-status=live }}</ref> and some had already implemented in intermediate releases on the road from 2 to 3. To achieve 3x3, Ruby 3 comes with MJIT, and later YJIT, Just-In-Time Compilers, to make programs faster, although they are described as experimental and remain disabled by default (enabled by flags at runtime).

	Another goal of Ruby 3.0 is to improve [[Concurrency (computer science)\|concurrency]] and two more utilities Fibre Scheduler, and experimental Ractor facilitate the goal.<ref name="Ruby 3.0.0 Released"/> Ractor is light-weight and thread-safe as it is achieved by exchanging messages rather than shared objects.		Another goal of Ruby 3.0 is to improve [[Concurrency (computer science)\|concurrency]] and two more utilities Fibre Scheduler, and experimental Ractor facilitate the goal.<ref name="Ruby 3.0.0 Released"/> Ractor is light-weight and thread-safe as it is achieved by exchanging messages rather than shared objects.

AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{When}}

2025-04-12T23:20:21Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{When}}

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	* [[JRuby]], a mixed [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and Ruby implementation that runs on the [[Java virtual machine]]. JRuby currently targets Ruby 3.1.x.		* [[JRuby]], a mixed [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and Ruby implementation that runs on the [[Java virtual machine]]. JRuby currently targets Ruby 3.1.x.
	* [[TruffleRuby]], a Java implementation using the Truffle language implementation framework with [[GraalVM]]		* [[TruffleRuby]], a Java implementation using the Truffle language implementation framework with [[GraalVM]]
	* [[Rubinius]], a [[C++]] bytecode virtual machine that uses [[LLVM]] to compile to machine code at runtime. The bytecode compiler and most core classes are written in pure Ruby. Rubinius currently{{when}} targets Ruby 2.3.1.		* [[Rubinius]], a [[C++]] bytecode virtual machine that uses [[LLVM]] to compile to machine code at runtime. The bytecode compiler and most core classes are written in pure Ruby. Rubinius currently{{when\|date=April 2025}} targets Ruby 2.3.1.

	Other Ruby implementations include:		Other Ruby implementations include:

2003:F1:CF01:1F00:252A:E22B:2AB4:E0B7: use a sensible date format

2025-04-12T21:20:12Z

use a sensible date format

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:22, 7 May 2025
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	<ref name="2-0-release-incompatibilities">Endoh, Yusuke. (2013-02-24) [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 Ruby 2.0.0-p0 is released] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227014031/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 \|date=2013-02-27 }}. Ruby-lang.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>		<ref name="2-0-release-incompatibilities">Endoh, Yusuke. (2013-02-24) [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 Ruby 2.0.0-p0 is released] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227014031/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/02/24/ruby-2-0-0-p0-is-released/#label-8 \|date=2013-02-27 }}. Ruby-lang.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</ref>
	<ref name="semantic-versioning">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|title=Semantic Versioning starting with Ruby 2.1.0\|date=December 21, 2013\|access-date=December 27, 2013\|archive-date=February 13, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213000634/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="semantic-versioning">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|title=Semantic Versioning starting with Ruby 2.1.0\|date=December 21, 2013\|access-date=December 27, 2013\|archive-date=February 13, 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213000634/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2013/12/21/semantic-versioning-after-2-1-0/\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	<ref name="obsolete-or-gone-in-2.2">{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|title=ruby/NEWS at v2_2_0 · ruby/ruby ~~· GitHub~~\|work=GitHub\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=1 January 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101005836/https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="obsolete-or-gone-in-2.2">{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|title=ruby/NEWS at v2_2_0 · ruby/ruby \|work=GitHub\|access-date=2 May 2015\|archive-date=1 January 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101005836/https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/v2_2_0/NEWS\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="2-2-1-release">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released\|title=Ruby 2.2.1 Released\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=16 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516080955/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="2-2-1-release">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released\|title=Ruby 2.2.1 Released\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=16 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516080955/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2015/03/03/ruby-2-2-1-released/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="2-2-1-changelog">{{cite web\|url=https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|title=v2.2.1 ChangeLog\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=26 February 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226231425/http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="2-2-1-changelog">{{cite web\|url=https://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|title=v2.2.1 ChangeLog\|access-date=12 July 2016\|author=Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi\|year=2015\|archive-date=26 February 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226231425/http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/tags/v2_2_1/ChangeLog\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:38, 28 April 2025
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	<ref name="bini">{{ cite book \| last = Bini \| first = Ola \| title = Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java \| year = 2007 \| publisher = APress \| location = Berkeley \| isbn = 978-1-59059-881-8 \| page = [https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3 3] \| quote = It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU. \| url = https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3}}</ref>		<ref name="bini">{{ cite book \| last = Bini \| first = Ola \| title = Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java \| year = 2007 \| publisher = APress \| location = Berkeley \| isbn = 978-1-59059-881-8 \| page = [https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3 3] \| quote = It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU. \| url = https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon0000bini/page/3}}</ref>
	<ref name="about">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|title=About Ruby\|access-date=15 February 2020\|archive-date=9 October 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009090312/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="about">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|title=About Ruby\|access-date=15 February 2020\|archive-date=9 October 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009090312/https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<!-- <ref name="FAQ">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-~~doc~~.org/~~docs~~/~~ruby-doc-bundle~~/~~FAQ~~/~~FAQ.html~~\|title=~~The~~ Ruby ~~Language~~ FAQ\|author=Shugo Maeda\|date=17 December 2002\|access-date=2 March 2014\|archive-date=27 February 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227064945/http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ruby-doc-bundle/FAQ/FAQ.html\|url-status=live}}</ref> -->		<!-- <ref name="FAQ">{{cite web\|url=https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/\|title=Official Ruby FAQ}}</ref> -->
	<ref name="lisp-features">{{ cite web \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| title = Re: Ruby's lisp features. \| last = Matsumoto \| first = Yukihiro \| author-link = Yukihiro Matsumoto \| date = 13 February 2006 \| access-date = 15 February 2020 \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181027195101/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| archive-date = 2018-10-27}}</ref>		<ref name="lisp-features">{{ cite web \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| title = Re: Ruby's lisp features. \| last = Matsumoto \| first = Yukihiro \| author-link = Yukihiro Matsumoto \| date = 13 February 2006 \| access-date = 15 February 2020 \| url-status = dead \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181027195101/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/179642 \| archive-date = 2018-10-27}}</ref>
	<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby">{{cite web\|url=http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|title=History of Ruby\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714181409/http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|url-status=live}}</ref>		<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby">{{cite web\|url=http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|title=History of Ruby\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-14\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714181409/http://blog.nicksieger.com/articles/2006/10/20/rubyconf-history-of-ruby\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	<ref name="ruby-name">{{cite web\|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|title=[FYI: historic] The decisive moment of the language name Ruby. (Re: [ANN] ruby 1.8.1)\|type=E-mail from Hiroshi Sugihara to ruby-talk\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205734/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		<ref name="ruby-name">{{cite web\|url=http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|title=[FYI: historic] The decisive moment of the language name Ruby. (Re: [ANN] ruby 1.8.1)\|type=E-mail from Hiroshi Sugihara to ruby-talk\|access-date=2008-08-14\|archive-date=2011-07-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717205734/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/88819\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	<ref name="faq-name">{{cite web \| url = https://www.ruby-~~doc~~.org/~~docs~~/~~ruby-doc-bundle~~/~~FAQ~~/~~FAQ.html~~ \| title = 1.3 Why the name 'Ruby'? \| work = ~~The~~ Ruby ~~Language~~ FAQ \| publisher = Ruby-Doc.org \| access-date = April 10, 2012 \| archive-date = May 28, 2012 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120528140926/http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ruby-doc-bundle/FAQ/FAQ.html \| url-status = live }}</ref>		<ref name="faq-name">{{cite web \| url = https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/faq/1/ \| title = 1.3 Why the name 'Ruby'? \| work = Official Ruby FAQ }}</ref>
	<ref name="ruby-talk-name">{{cite mailing list \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394 \| title = Re: the name of Ruby? \| mailing-list = Ruby-Talk \| date = June 11, 1999 \| author = [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]] \| access-date = April 10, 2012 \| archive-date = December 25, 2018 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131629/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394%0A%20 \| url-status = dead }}</ref>		<ref name="ruby-talk-name">{{cite mailing list \| url = http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394 \| title = Re: the name of Ruby? \| mailing-list = Ruby-Talk \| date = June 11, 1999 \| author = [[Yukihiro Matsumoto]] \| access-date = April 10, 2012 \| archive-date = December 25, 2018 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131629/http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/394%0A%20 \| url-status = dead }}</ref>
	<ref name="0.95">{{ cite web\|url=http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|title=More archeolinguistics: unearthing proto-Ruby\|access-date=2 May 2015\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106023204/http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|archive-date=6 November 2015}}</ref>		<ref name="0.95">{{ cite web\|url=http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|title=More archeolinguistics: unearthing proto-Ruby\|access-date=2 May 2015\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106023204/http://eigenclass.org/hiki/ruby+0.95\|archive-date=6 November 2015}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:20, 12 April 2025
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	Matsumoto described Ruby's design as resembling a simple [[Lisp (programming language)\|Lisp]] language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by [[higher-order function]]s, and practical utility like that of Perl.<ref name="lisp-features"/>		Matsumoto described Ruby's design as resembling a simple [[Lisp (programming language)\|Lisp]] language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by [[higher-order function]]s, and practical utility like that of Perl.<ref name="lisp-features"/>

	The name "Ruby" originated during an online chat session between Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on ~~February~~ 24, 1993, before any code had been written.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/> Two names were initially proposed: "Coral" and "Ruby". Matsumoto chose the latter in a subsequent email to Ishitsuka.<ref name="ruby-name"/> He also noted that one factor influencing the choice of the name was that a colleague's [[birthstone]] was [[Ruby_(gemstone)\|ruby]].<ref name="faq-name"/><ref name="ruby-talk-name"/>		The name "Ruby" originated during an online chat session between Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on 24 February 1993, before any code had been written.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/> Two names were initially proposed: "Coral" and "Ruby". Matsumoto chose the latter in a subsequent email to Ishitsuka.<ref name="ruby-name"/> He also noted that one factor influencing the choice of the name was that a colleague's [[birthstone]] was [[Ruby_(gemstone)\|ruby]].<ref name="faq-name"/><ref name="ruby-talk-name"/>

	=== Early releases ===		=== Early releases ===

	The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic [[newsgroup]]s on ~~December~~ 21, 1995.<ref name="0.95"/><ref name="ruby-history"/> Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/> The release coincided with the launch of the [[Japanese language\|Japanese-language]] ''ruby-list'' mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language.		The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic [[newsgroup]]s on 21 December 1995.<ref name="0.95"/><ref name="ruby-history"/> Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days.<ref name="rubyconf-history-of-ruby"/> The release coincided with the launch of the [[Japanese language\|Japanese-language]] ''ruby-list'' mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language.

	Already present at this stage of development were many of the features familiar in later releases of Ruby, including [[object-oriented programming\|object-oriented]] design, [[class (computer science)\|classes]] with inheritance, [[mixin]]s, [[iterator]]s, [[Closure (computer science)\|closures]], [[exception handling]] and [[Garbage collection (computer science)\|garbage collection]].<ref name="tutorial-features"/>		Already present at this stage of development were many of the features familiar in later releases of Ruby, including [[object-oriented programming\|object-oriented]] design, [[class (computer science)\|classes]] with inheritance, [[mixin]]s, [[iterator]]s, [[Closure (computer science)\|closures]], [[exception handling]] and [[Garbage collection (computer science)\|garbage collection]].<ref name="tutorial-features"/>
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	Around 2005, interest in the Ruby language surged in tandem with [[Ruby on Rails]], a [[web framework]] written in Ruby. Rails is frequently credited with increasing awareness of Ruby.<ref name="Devarticles"/>		Around 2005, interest in the Ruby language surged in tandem with [[Ruby on Rails]], a [[web framework]] written in Ruby. Rails is frequently credited with increasing awareness of Ruby.<ref name="Devarticles"/>

	Effective with Ruby 1.9.3, released ~~October~~ 31, 2011,<ref name="Ruby 1.9.3"/> Ruby switched from being dual-licensed under the Ruby License and the GPL to being dual-licensed under the Ruby License and the two-clause BSD license.<ref name="license-change"/> Adoption of 1.9 was slowed by changes from 1.8 that required many popular third party [[#Repositories and libraries\|gems]] to be rewritten.{{cn\|date=April 2025}}		Effective with Ruby 1.9.3, released 31 October 2011,<ref name="Ruby 1.9.3"/> Ruby switched from being dual-licensed under the Ruby License and the GPL to being dual-licensed under the Ruby License and the two-clause BSD license.<ref name="license-change"/> Adoption of 1.9 was slowed by changes from 1.8 that required many popular third party [[#Repositories and libraries\|gems]] to be rewritten.{{cn\|date=April 2025}}

	=== Ruby 2 ===		=== Ruby 2 ===

	Ruby 2.0 was intended to be fully backward compatible with Ruby 1.9.3. As of the official 2.0.0 release on ~~February~~ 24, 2013, there were only five known incompatibilities.<ref name="2-0-release-incompatibilities"/>		Ruby 2.0 was intended to be fully backward compatible with Ruby 1.9.3. As of the official 2.0.0 release on 24 February 2013, there were only five known incompatibilities.<ref name="2-0-release-incompatibilities"/>

	Starting with 2.1.0, Ruby's versioning policy changed to be more similar to [[semantic versioning]], although it differs slightly in that minor version increments may be API incompatible.<ref name="semantic-versioning"/>		Starting with 2.1.0, Ruby's versioning policy changed to be more similar to [[semantic versioning]], although it differs slightly in that minor version increments may be API incompatible.<ref name="semantic-versioning"/>
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	* [[JRuby]], a mixed [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and Ruby implementation that runs on the [[Java virtual machine]]. JRuby currently targets Ruby 3.1.x.		* [[JRuby]], a mixed [[Java (programming language)\|Java]] and Ruby implementation that runs on the [[Java virtual machine]]. JRuby currently targets Ruby 3.1.x.
	* [[TruffleRuby]], a Java implementation using the Truffle language implementation framework with [[GraalVM]]		* [[TruffleRuby]], a Java implementation using the Truffle language implementation framework with [[GraalVM]]
	* [[Rubinius]], a [[C++]] bytecode virtual machine that uses [[LLVM]] to compile to machine code at runtime. The bytecode compiler and most core classes are written in pure Ruby. Rubinius currently targets Ruby 2.3.1.		* [[Rubinius]], a [[C++]] bytecode virtual machine that uses [[LLVM]] to compile to machine code at runtime. The bytecode compiler and most core classes are written in pure Ruby. Rubinius currently{{when}} targets Ruby 2.3.1.

	Other Ruby implementations include:		Other Ruby implementations include:
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	{{refbegin}}		{{refbegin}}
	* {{ citation \| first1 = David \| last1 = Black \| first2 = Joseph \| last2 = Leo \| date = ~~March~~ 15, 2019 \| title = The Well-Grounded Rubyist \| edition = Third \| publisher = [[Manning Publications]] \| page = 584 \| isbn = 978-1617295218 }}		* {{ citation \| first1 = David \| last1 = Black \| first2 = Joseph \| last2 = Leo \| date = 15 March 2019 \| title = The Well-Grounded Rubyist \| edition = Third \| publisher = [[Manning Publications]] \| page = 584 \| isbn = 978-1617295218 }}
	* {{citation \| first1 = Sandi \| last1 = Metz \| date = ~~August~~ 22, 2018 \| title = Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby \| edition = Second \| publisher = [[Addison-Wesley Professional]] \| page = 288 \| isbn = 978-0-13-445647-8 \| url = https://www.informit.com/store/practical-object-oriented-design-an-agile-primer-using-9780134456478 \| access-date = ~~February~~ 13, 2020 \| archive-date = February 13, 2020 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200213161150/https://www.informit.com/store/practical-object-oriented-design-an-agile-primer-using-9780134456478 \| url-status = live }}		* {{citation \| first1 = Sandi \| last1 = Metz \| date = 22 August 2018 \| title = Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby \| edition = Second \| publisher = [[Addison-Wesley Professional]] \| page = 288 \| isbn = 978-0-13-445647-8 \| url = https://www.informit.com/store/practical-object-oriented-design-an-agile-primer-using-9780134456478 \| access-date = 13 February 2020 \| archive-date = February 13, 2020 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200213161150/https://www.informit.com/store/practical-object-oriented-design-an-agile-primer-using-9780134456478 \| url-status = live }}
	* {{ citation \| first1 = Peter \| last1 = Cooper \| date = ~~July~~ 12, 2016 \| title = Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional \| edition = Third \| publisher = [[Apress]] \| page = 492 \| isbn = 978-1484212790 }}		* {{ citation \| first1 = Peter \| last1 = Cooper \| date = 12 July 2016 \| title = Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional \| edition = Third \| publisher = [[Apress]] \| page = 492 \| isbn = 978-1484212790 }}
	* {{citation \| first1 = Lucas \| last1 = Carlson \| first2 = Leonard \| last2 = Richardson \| date = ~~April~~ 3, 2015 \| title = Ruby Cookbook: Recipes for Object-Oriented Scripting \| edition = Second \| publisher = [[O'Reilly Media]] \| page = 963 \| isbn = 978-1449373719 \| url = http://oreilly.com/catalog/9781449373719 }}		* {{citation \| first1 = Lucas \| last1 = Carlson \| first2 = Leonard \| last2 = Richardson \| date = 3 April 2015 \| title = Ruby Cookbook: Recipes for Object-Oriented Scripting \| edition = Second \| publisher = [[O'Reilly Media]] \| page = 963 \| isbn = 978-1449373719 \| url = http://oreilly.com/catalog/9781449373719 }}
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	{{refend}}		{{refend}}