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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="right" cellpadding="2">
{{For|the palm|Carpentaria}}
<tr><th align="center" bgcolor=lightgreen>'''Carpenteria'''</th></tr>
{{about|the ''Carpenteria'' plant}}
<tr><td><center>No Picture Available</center></td></tr>
{{Other uses of|tree anemone|Tree anemone (disambiguation){{!}}Tree anemone}}
<tr><th align="center" bgcolor=lightgreen>'''[[Scientific classification]]'''</th></tr>
{{speciesbox
<tr><td>
⚫
|image=Carpenteria californica.jpg
<table align="center"><tr>
|display_parents=3
<td>[[Kingdom (biology)|Kingdom]]:</td><td>[[Plant]]ae </td></tr>
|genus=Carpenteria
<tr>
|parent_authority=[[John Torrey|Torr.]]
<td>[[Division (biology)|Division]]:</td><td>[[Magnoliophyta]] </td></tr>
|species=californica
<tr>
|authority=Torr.
<td>[[Class (biology)|Class]]: </td><td>[[Magnoliopsida]] </td></tr>
| status = G1
<tr>
| status_system = TNC
<td>[[Order (biology)|Order]]: </td><td>[[Saxifragales]] or [[Rosales]]</td></tr>
| status_ref = <ref name="TNC status 13 may 2022">{{cite web | url=https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CACA17 | title=USDA Plants Database }}</ref>
<tr>
}}
<td>[[Family (biology)|Family]]: </td><td>[[Hydrangeaceae]] </td></tr>

<tr>
'''''Carpenteria''''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɑːr|p|ən|ˈ|t|ɪər|i|ə|_|ˌ|k|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|f|ɔːr|n|ᵻ|k|ə}},<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> the '''tree anemone''' or '''bush anemone''', is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the hydrangea [[family (botany)|family]] Hydrangeaceae.<ref name=calflora/> It is closely related to the similar genus ''[[Philadelphus]]'' and is [[monotypic]], being represented by the single [[species]] '''''Carpenteria californica''''' which is a flowering [[evergreen]] [[shrub]] [[native plant|native]] to the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills in [[California]].
<td>'''[[Genus]]''': </td><td>'''''Carpenteria''''' </td></tr>

</table>
== Eponym ==
<tr><th align="center" bgcolor="lightgreen">'''[[Species]]'''</th></tr>
The genus was named in honor of Dr. [[William Marbury Carpenter]],<ref>Glenn R. Conrad, ed.: ''A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography'', Vol. I, A to M, The Louisiana Historical Association, New Orleans, La., 1988, pp. 24, 153-154, 303. 557.</ref> a noted [[botanist]] from Louisiana.
<tr><td>
[[File:Carpenteria californica (Tree anemone). SDNHM ARV 1933-0493.jpg|thumb|230px|Watercolor of ''Carpenteria californica'' by [[Albert Robert Valentien]].]]
⚫
''Carpenteria californica'' - The Tree Anemone<br>

<tr><td>
==Description==
Source: ''[http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=24318 ITS 24318] 2003-06-29''
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}
</td></tr>
''Carpenteria californica'' grows to {{convert|1|-|3|m|0|abbr=on}} tall, with flaky bark on older stems. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, lanceolate, {{cvt|4–10|cm|0}} long and {{cvt|1–2.5|cm|1}} broad, glossy green above, blue-green to whitish and downy beneath.
</table>

The sweetly-scented flowers are {{cvt|3–7|cm|0}} across with five to eight pure white petals and a cluster of yellow stamens. It flowers from late spring to midsummer. The fruit is a leathery [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] {{cvt|6–12|mm|frac=4}} in diameter, containing numerous seeds.

==Distribution and habitat==
The bush anemone is a rare species, [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to only seven sites in [[Fresno County, California|Fresno]] and [[Madera County, California|Madera Counties]], where it grows in [[California interior chaparral and woodlands|chaparral and oak woodlands]] at {{convert|340|-|1340|m|0|abbr=on}} altitude, between the [[San Joaquin River]] and [[Kings River (California)|Kings River]]. It is well adapted to [[wildfire]], reproducing by stump sprouts after burning. Natural seedlings are rare.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Neal |first1=Donald L. |title=''Carpenteria californica'' Torr. |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/nsl/Wpsm/Carpenteria.pdf |website=fs.usda.gov |publisher=USDA Forest Service |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
''Carpenteria californica'' is cultivated as an [[ornamental plant]], grown for its lush foliage, large scented flowers and [[xeriscape|drought tolerance]]. It is used in traditional and wildlife gardens<ref>[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=CACA17 NPIN−Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center: ''Carpenteria californica'']</ref><ref name=westhort>[http://www.westernhort.org/plant_notes200704.html Western Horticultural Society: ''Carpenteria californica''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416000505/http://www.westernhort.org/plant_notes200704.html |date=2015-04-16 }}</ref> in subtropical and temperate locations in the northern hemisphere. It is hardy down to {{convert| -10|C|F|abbr=on}} in sheltered locations in full sun.<ref name=RHSPF>{{cite web | url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/3135/i-Carpenteria-californica-i/Details
| title=''Carpenteria californica'' | publisher=RHS | accessdate=17 June 2019}}</ref>

It has been in cultivation since 1875, and is now much more common in gardens than in its natural habitat. It first flowered in England for the famed plantswoman [[Gertrude Jekyll]] at Godalming in 1885.<ref name=westhort/>

[[Cultivar]]s include:
*'Bodnant' — cold-tolerant cultivar, hardy to {{convert|-15|C}} in the British Isles
*'Elizabeth' — masses of smaller white flowers, more compact growth habit<ref>[http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=355 San Marcos Growers horticulture database: ''Carpenteria californica'' 'Elizabeth']</ref>
*'Ladham's' — large flowers

The cultivars 'Elizabeth' and 'Bodnant' have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/28828/i-Carpenteria-californica-i-Elizabeth/Details
| title=RHS Plantfinder - ''Carpenteria californica'' 'Elizabeth'
| accessdate= 24 January 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=calflora>[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Carpenteria+californica ''Carpenteria californica'' (bush anemone, tree anemone)]</ref>
}}
{{Commons category-inline|Carpenteria californica|''Carpenteria californica''}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15324410}}

[[Category:Hydrangeaceae]]
[[Category:Cornales genera]]
[[Category:Monotypic asterid genera]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of California]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Torrey]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant plants]]

Latest revision as of 02:49, 19 September 2024

For the palm, see Carpentaria.
This article is about the Carpenteria plant. For other uses, see Carpenteria (disambiguation).
For other uses of "tree anemone", see Tree anemone.

Carpenteria

Critically Imperiled  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Cornales
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Subfamily: Hydrangeoideae
Tribe: Philadelpheae
Genus: Carpenteria
Torr.
Species:
C. californica
Binomial name
Carpenteria californica
Torr.

Carpenteria /ˌkɑːrpənˈtɪəriə ˌkælɪˈfɔːrnɪkə/,[2] the tree anemone or bush anemone, is a genus of flowering plants in the hydrangea family Hydrangeaceae.[3] It is closely related to the similar genus Philadelphus and is monotypic, being represented by the single species Carpenteria californica which is a flowering evergreen shrub native to the Sierra Nevada foothills in California.

Eponym

[edit]

The genus was named in honor of Dr. William Marbury Carpenter,[4] a noted botanist from Louisiana.

Watercolor of Carpenteria californica by Albert Robert Valentien.

Description

[edit]

Carpenteria californica grows to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) tall, with flaky bark on older stems. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate, 4–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (0.4–1.0 in) broad, glossy green above, blue-green to whitish and downy beneath.

The sweetly-scented flowers are 3–7 cm (1–3 in) across with five to eight pure white petals and a cluster of yellow stamens. It flowers from late spring to midsummer. The fruit is a leathery capsule 6–12 mm (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) in diameter, containing numerous seeds.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The bush anemone is a rare species, endemic to only seven sites in Fresno and Madera Counties, where it grows in chaparral and oak woodlands at 340–1,340 m (1,115–4,396 ft) altitude, between the San Joaquin River and Kings River. It is well adapted to wildfire, reproducing by stump sprouts after burning. Natural seedlings are rare.[5]

Cultivation

[edit]

Carpenteria californica is cultivated as an ornamental plant, grown for its lush foliage, large scented flowers and drought tolerance. It is used in traditional and wildlife gardens[6][7] in subtropical and temperate locations in the northern hemisphere. It is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F) in sheltered locations in full sun.[8]

It has been in cultivation since 1875, and is now much more common in gardens than in its natural habitat. It first flowered in England for the famed plantswoman Gertrude Jekyll at Godalming in 1885.[7]

Cultivars include:

  • 'Bodnant' — cold-tolerant cultivar, hardy to −15 °C (5 °F) in the British Isles
  • 'Elizabeth' — masses of smaller white flowers, more compact growth habit[9]
  • 'Ladham's' — large flowers

The cultivars 'Elizabeth' and 'Bodnant' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "USDA Plants Database".
  2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. ^ Carpenteria californica (bush anemone, tree anemone)
  4. ^ Glenn R. Conrad, ed.: A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography, Vol. I, A to M, The Louisiana Historical Association, New Orleans, La., 1988, pp. 24, 153-154, 303. 557.
  5. ^ Neal, Donald L. "Carpenteria californica Torr" (PDF). fs.usda.gov. USDA Forest Service. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  6. ^ NPIN−Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center: Carpenteria californica
  7. ^ a b Western Horticultural Society: Carpenteria californica Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Carpenteria californica". RHS. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  9. ^ San Marcos Growers horticulture database: Carpenteria californica 'Elizabeth'
  10. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Carpenteria californica 'Elizabeth'". Retrieved 24 January 2018.

Media related to Carpenteria californica at Wikimedia Commons

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