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{{short description|King of the Visigoths from 649 to 672}}
'''Reccesuinth''' (Recceswinth, Recceswint, Reccaswinth, Recdeswinth, Recesvinto, Reccesvinthus) ruled as a king of the [[Visigoth|Visigoths]] from [[649]]–[[672]]: jointly with his father from 649 and as sole king from [[653]].
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Recceswinth
| title = [[Visigothic Kingdom|King of the Romans]]
| titletext =
| more =
| image = Corona de (29049230050).jpg
| alt =
| caption = [[Votive crown]] of Recceswinth, as found in the [[treasure of Guarrazar]], Spain.
| succession =
| moretext =
| reign = 20 January 649 – 1 September 672
| reign-type = Reign
| coronation = 20 January 649
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Chindasuinth]]
| pre-type = Predecessor
| reg-type = {{nowrap|Co-king}}
| regent = Chindasuinth (20 January 649 – 30 September 653)
| successor = [[Wamba (king)|Wamba]]
| suc-type = Successor
| spouse =
| spouse-type =
| issue =
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name =
| era name =
| era dates =
| posthumous name =
| temple name =
| house =
| house-type =
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1 September 672
| death_place =
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}}


'''Recceswinth'''<ref>It is spelled ''Recceswinth'' in the [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], vol. 7, p. 328: ''"Liber Judiciorum"''. Chicago, 1989.</ref> (died 1 September 672) was the [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] [[Visigothic Kingdom|King of Hispania]] and [[Septimania]] in 649–672. He ruled jointly with his father [[Chindaswinth]] until his father's death in 653.
Beginning in 654 Reccasuinth was responsible for the promulgation of a law code to replace the [[Breviary of Alaric]]; he placed a Visigothic common law over both Goths and Romans in the kingdom. However, this ''Liber Judiciorum'' showed little Germanic influence, adhering more closely to the old Roman laws.


==Name==
⚫
Moreover, the church councils in the capital became the most powerful force in the government and the bishops the primary support of the monarchy. Will Durant writes in ''The Age of Faith'': "By their superior education and organization they dominated the nobles who sat with them in the ruling councils of Toledo; and though the king's authority was theoretically absolute, and he chose the bishops, these councils elected him, and exacted pledges of policy in advance."
His [[Gothic language|Gothic]] name is believed to have been *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (*''Raikaswinþs''), from the roots ''[[reiks]]'' ("king") and ''swinþs'' ("strong"). His [[votive crown]] used the [[Latin]] spelling {{Small|RECCESVINTHVS}}. Other Latin spellings include ''Recceswinthus'', ''Recesvindus''. In English his name is also spelled ''Reccesuinth'', ''Recceswint'', ''Reccaswinth''; Spanish ''Recesvinto''; Portuguese ''Recesvindo''; German ''Rekkeswint''; French ''Réceswinthe''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtLVAAAAMAAJ&q=Recceswinth+%22swinths%22|title=Nomes germânicos de pessoas|first=Henrique|last=Fontes|date=August 17, 1959|publisher=Impr. Oficial do Estado de Santa Catarina|via=Google Books}}</ref>
==Reign==
Under Recceswinth, the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] enjoyed an unbroken peace for 19 years (653–672) — except for a brief rebellion of the [[Vascons]], led by a noble named "[[Froia|Froya]]," an exiled Goth, who fleeing the monarch’s persecutions had settled, like many others, in Basque territory. Froya and the Vascons ravaged the lands of the Ebro Valley, looted churches, murdered clerics, and laid siege to the city of [[Saragossa]]. Recceswinth reacted, broke the siege, and killed Froya".<ref>[[Henry Bradley]], ''The story of the Goths: from the earliest times to the end of the Gothic dominion in Spain'', G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1903</ref>


Beginning in 654 Recceswinth was responsible for the promulgation of a law code, ''[[Liber Iudiciorum]]'', to replace the [[Breviary of Alaric]]; he placed a Visigothic common law over both Goths and [[Hispania|Hispano-Romans]] in the kingdom. This ''Liber Iudiciorum'' showed little [[Early Germanic law|Germanic influence]], adhering more closely to the old [[Roman law]]s.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} In his general law code of 654, he outlawed a set of essential Jewish practices, including male [[circumcision]], dietary laws ([[kashrut]]), marriage laws and ceremonies, and the celebration of [[Passover]].<ref>John Edwards, ''The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), p. 72.</ref>


⚫
Moreover, the church councils in the Visigothic capital [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] (''Toletum'') became the most powerful force in the government and the bishops were the primary support of the monarchy. [[Will Durant]] wrote in ''The Age of Faith'': "By their superior education and organization they dominated the nobles who sat with them in the ruling councils of Toledo; and though the king's authority was theoretically absolute, and he chose the bishops, these councils elected him, and exacted pledges of policy in advance."{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}
{{euro-noble-stub}}


Recceswinth died on 1 September 672, just before the first Arab raid on [[Hispania Baetica]].<ref>Karen Eva Carr, ''Vandals to Visigoths: rural settlement patterns in early Medieval Spain'' (University of Michigan Press, 2002), p.33</ref>
⚫
{{start box}}
|width=25% align=center|'''Preceded by:'''<br>'''[[Chindasuinth]]'''
|width=25% align=center|'''[[Visigoths|King of the Visigoths]]'''<br>649&ndash;653 (jointly with Chindasuinth),
653&ndash;672 (as sole king)
|width=25% align=center|'''Succeeded by:'''<br>'''[[Wamba]]'''
|-
⚫
{{end box}}


== Votive crown of Recceswinth ==
⚫
[[Category:Kings of the Visigoths]]
The [[votive crown of Recceswinth]] is an example of [[Visigothic art]] made in [[Hispania]]. It was found in the [[Treasure of Guarrazar]], a goldsmith's treasure made up of crowns and crosses that several kings of Toledo offered in their time as a gesture of the orthodoxy of their faith and their submission to the ecclesiastical hierarchy; the treasure was found between 1858 and 1861 at the archaeological site called Huerta de Guarrazar, located in the city of [[Guadamur]], near Toledo.


The [[votive crown]] of Recceswinth is in [[Madrid]]'s [[National Archaeological Museum, Madrid|National Archaeological Museum of Spain]]. Among the crowns, made of gold and precious stones, it is the one that attracts the most attention because of the exquisite workmanship of its [[goldsmith]]ery, with gemstones suspended beneath the [[filigree]] Latin letters hanging from its base, which read: ''RECCESVINTHVS REX OFFERET'' ("King Receswinth offered it").<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tesoro de Guarrazar|url=https://www.man.es/man/coleccion/catalogo-cronologico/edad-media/guarrazar.html|website=Museo Arqueológico Nacional (National Archaeological Museum)|language=es|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref>


==See also==
[[es:Recesvinto]]
* [[Visigothic Kingdom]]
[[pl:Recceswint]]
* [[Church of San Juan Bautista, Baños de Cerrato]]
[[pt:Recesvinto]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070116042449/http://www.maravedis.net/visigodos_recesvinto.html Coins of King Recceswinth]

⚫
{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Chindasuinth]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=King of the [[Visigoth]]s|years=20 January 649 – 1 September 672|regent1=[[Chindasuinth]]|years1=20 January 649 – 30 September 653}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wamba (king)|Wamba]]}}
⚫
{{s-end}}

{{Visigothic kings}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:7th-century Visigothic monarchs]]
[[Category:672 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Latest revision as of 19:21, 30 April 2025

Recceswinth
King of the Romans
Votive crown of Recceswinth, as found in the treasure of Guarrazar, Spain.
Reign20 January 649 – 1 September 672
Coronation20 January 649
PredecessorChindasuinth
SuccessorWamba
Co-kingChindasuinth (20 January 649 – 30 September 653)
Died1 September 672

Recceswinth[1] (died 1 September 672) was the Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania in 649–672. He ruled jointly with his father Chindaswinth until his father's death in 653.

Name

[edit]

His Gothic name is believed to have been *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (*Raikaswinþs), from the roots reiks ("king") and swinþs ("strong"). His votive crown used the Latin spelling RECCESVINTHVS. Other Latin spellings include Recceswinthus, Recesvindus. In English his name is also spelled Reccesuinth, Recceswint, Reccaswinth; Spanish Recesvinto; Portuguese Recesvindo; German Rekkeswint; French Réceswinthe.[2]

Reign

[edit]

Under Recceswinth, the Visigothic Kingdom enjoyed an unbroken peace for 19 years (653–672) — except for a brief rebellion of the Vascons, led by a noble named "Froya," an exiled Goth, who fleeing the monarch’s persecutions had settled, like many others, in Basque territory. Froya and the Vascons ravaged the lands of the Ebro Valley, looted churches, murdered clerics, and laid siege to the city of Saragossa. Recceswinth reacted, broke the siege, and killed Froya".[3]

Beginning in 654 Recceswinth was responsible for the promulgation of a law code, Liber Iudiciorum, to replace the Breviary of Alaric; he placed a Visigothic common law over both Goths and Hispano-Romans in the kingdom. This Liber Iudiciorum showed little Germanic influence, adhering more closely to the old Roman laws.[citation needed] In his general law code of 654, he outlawed a set of essential Jewish practices, including male circumcision, dietary laws (kashrut), marriage laws and ceremonies, and the celebration of Passover.[4]

Moreover, the church councils in the Visigothic capital Toledo (Toletum) became the most powerful force in the government and the bishops were the primary support of the monarchy. Will Durant wrote in The Age of Faith: "By their superior education and organization they dominated the nobles who sat with them in the ruling councils of Toledo; and though the king's authority was theoretically absolute, and he chose the bishops, these councils elected him, and exacted pledges of policy in advance."[citation needed]

Recceswinth died on 1 September 672, just before the first Arab raid on Hispania Baetica.[5]

Votive crown of Recceswinth

[edit]

The votive crown of Recceswinth is an example of Visigothic art made in Hispania. It was found in the Treasure of Guarrazar, a goldsmith's treasure made up of crowns and crosses that several kings of Toledo offered in their time as a gesture of the orthodoxy of their faith and their submission to the ecclesiastical hierarchy; the treasure was found between 1858 and 1861 at the archaeological site called Huerta de Guarrazar, located in the city of Guadamur, near Toledo.

The votive crown of Recceswinth is in Madrid's National Archaeological Museum of Spain. Among the crowns, made of gold and precious stones, it is the one that attracts the most attention because of the exquisite workmanship of its goldsmithery, with gemstones suspended beneath the filigree Latin letters hanging from its base, which read: RECCESVINTHVS REX OFFERET ("King Receswinth offered it").[6]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ It is spelled Recceswinth in the Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 7, p. 328: "Liber Judiciorum". Chicago, 1989.
  2. ^ Fontes, Henrique (August 17, 1959). "Nomes germânicos de pessoas". Impr. Oficial do Estado de Santa Catarina – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Henry Bradley, The story of the Goths: from the earliest times to the end of the Gothic dominion in Spain, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1903
  4. ^ John Edwards, The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), p. 72.
  5. ^ Karen Eva Carr, Vandals to Visigoths: rural settlement patterns in early Medieval Spain (University of Michigan Press, 2002), p.33
  6. ^ "Tesoro de Guarrazar". Museo Arqueológico Nacional (National Archaeological Museum) (in Spanish). Retrieved May 16, 2020.
[edit]
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of the Visigoths
20 January 649 – 1 September 672
with Chindasuinth (20 January 649 – 30 September 653) 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recceswinth&oldid=1288146653"