Programming by example: Difference between revisions
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In [[computer science]], '''programming by example''' ('''PbE'''), also termed '''programming by demonstration''' or more generally as '''demonstrational programming''', is an [[end-user development]] technique for [[machine learning|teaching a computer new behavior]] by demonstrating actions on concrete examples.<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/machine-learning-framework-programming-example/ A Machine Learning Framework for Programming by Example - Microsoft]</ref> The system records user actions and infers a generalized [[Computer program|program]] that can be used on new examples. |
In [[computer science]], '''programming by example''' ('''PbE'''), also termed '''programming by demonstration''' or more generally as '''demonstrational programming''', is an [[end-user development]] technique for [[machine learning|teaching a computer new behavior]] by demonstrating actions on concrete examples.<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/machine-learning-framework-programming-example/ A Machine Learning Framework for Programming by Example - Microsoft]</ref> The system records user actions and infers a generalized [[Computer program|program]] that can be used on new examples. |
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PbE is intended to be easier to do than traditional [[computer programming]], which generally requires learning and using a [[programming language]]. Many PbE systems have been developed as research prototypes, but few have found widespread real-world application. More recently, PbE has proved to be a useful paradigm for creating scientific work-flows. PbE is used in two independent clients for the [[BioMOBY]] protocol: [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/208/abstract Seahawk] and [http://www.scfbm.org/content/1/1/4 Gbrowse moby]. |
PbE is intended to be easier to do than traditional [[computer programming]], which generally requires learning and using a [[programming language]]. Many PbE systems have been developed as research prototypes, but few have found widespread real-world application. More recently, PbE has proved to be a useful paradigm for creating scientific work-flows. PbE is used in two independent clients for the [[BioMOBY]] protocol: [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/8/208/abstract Seahawk] and [http://www.scfbm.org/content/1/1/4 Gbrowse moby]. |
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Also the [[programming by demonstration]] (PbD) term has been mostly adopted by robotics researchers for teaching new behaviors to the robot through a physical demonstration of the task. The usual distinction in literature between these terms is that in PbE the user gives a prototypical product of the computer execution, such as [[Query by Example|a row in the desired results of a query]]; while in PbD the user performs a sequence of actions that the computer must repeat, generalizing it to be used in different data sets. For final users, to automate a workflow in a complex tool (e.g. [[Adobe Photoshop|Photoshop]]), the most simple case of PbD is the [[macro recorder]]. |
Also the [[programming by demonstration]] (PbD) term has been mostly adopted by robotics researchers for teaching new behaviors to the robot through a physical demonstration of the task. The usual distinction in literature between these terms is that in PbE the user gives a prototypical product of the computer execution, such as [[Query by Example|a row in the desired results of a query]]; while in PbD the user performs a sequence of actions that the computer must repeat, generalizing it to be used in different data sets. For final users, to automate a workflow in a complex tool (e.g. [[Adobe Photoshop|Photoshop]]), the most simple case of PbD is the [[macro recorder]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/Your-Wish/ Online copy of <u>Your Wish is My Command</u>, Henry Lieberman's sequel to <u>Watch What I Do</u>] |
* [http://web.media.mit.edu/~lieber/Your-Wish/ Online copy of <u>Your Wish is My Command</u>, Henry Lieberman's sequel to <u>Watch What I Do</u>] |
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* [http://www.dsmforum.org/events/DSVL01/carlson.pdf <u>A Visual Language for Data Mapping</u>, John Carlson's description of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that used Programming by Example (desktop objects) for data mapping, and an iconic language for recording operations] |
* [http://www.dsmforum.org/events/DSVL01/carlson.pdf <u>A Visual Language for Data Mapping</u>, John Carlson's description of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that used Programming by Example (desktop objects) for data mapping, and an iconic language for recording operations] |
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[[Category:User interfaces]] |
[[Category:User interfaces]] |
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[[Category:Programming paradigms]] |
[[Category:Programming paradigms]] |
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[[Category:Machine learning]] |
[[Category:Machine learning]] |
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Latest revision as of 22:06, 31 March 2021
In computer science, programming by example (PbE), also termed programming by demonstration or more generally as demonstrational programming, is an end-user development technique for teaching a computer new behavior by demonstrating actions on concrete examples.[1] The system records user actions and infers a generalized program that can be used on new examples.
PbE is intended to be easier to do than traditional computer programming, which generally requires learning and using a programming language. Many PbE systems have been developed as research prototypes, but few have found widespread real-world application. More recently, PbE has proved to be a useful paradigm for creating scientific work-flows. PbE is used in two independent clients for the BioMOBY protocol: Seahawk and Gbrowse moby.
Also the programming by demonstration (PbD) term has been mostly adopted by robotics researchers for teaching new behaviors to the robot through a physical demonstration of the task. The usual distinction in literature between these terms is that in PbE the user gives a prototypical product of the computer execution, such as a row in the desired results of a query; while in PbD the user performs a sequence of actions that the computer must repeat, generalizing it to be used in different data sets. For final users, to automate a workflow in a complex tool (e.g. Photoshop), the most simple case of PbD is the macro recorder.
See also
[edit]- Query by Example
- Automated machine learning
- Example-based machine translation
- Inductive programming
- Lapis (text editor), which allows simultaneous editing of similar items in multiple selections created by example
- Programming by demonstration
- Test-driven development
References
[edit]External links
[edit]- Henry Lieberman's page on Programming by Example
- Online copy of Watch What I Do, Allen Cypher's book on Programming by Demonstration
- Online copy of Your Wish is My Command, Henry Lieberman's sequel to Watch What I Do
- A Visual Language for Data Mapping, John Carlson's description of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that used Programming by Example (desktop objects) for data mapping, and an iconic language for recording operations
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