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File:El Tajin (9785936503).jpg|Key patterns seen in architectural details at [[El Tajín]], a [[Pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]] archaeological site in southern Mexico.
File:El Tajin (9785936503).jpg|Key patterns seen in architectural details at [[El Tajín]], a [[Pre-Columbian era|pre-Columbian]] archaeological site in southern Mexico.
File:02 2020 Grecia photo Paolo Villa FO190065 bis (Museo archeologico di Atene) Terracotta dipinta, Anfora del Maestro detto di Dipylon (dettaglio), opera funebre geometrica con salma su catafalco, piangenti, Kerameikos Atene, VIII sec a.C.jpg|A detail of key patterns from a Greek painted terracotta amphora from 8th century B.C. in the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Athens
File:02 2020 Grecia photo Paolo Villa FO190065 bis (Museo archeologico di Atene) Terracotta dipinta, Anfora del Maestro detto di Dipylon (dettaglio), opera funebre geometrica con salma su catafalco, piangenti, Kerameikos Atene, VIII sec a.C.jpg|A detail of key patterns from a Greek painted terracotta amphora from 8th century B.C. in the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Athens
File:Engaged Column Part with Meander Pattern MET DP350385.jpg|A fragment of an [[engaged column]] carved from limestone, with key patterns, [[Rosette (design)|rosettes]], and [[Acanthus (ornament)|acanthus leaves]], from a 6th-century [[Monasticism|monastic]] community in [[Bawit]], Egypt.
File:Fragment from a Frieze with Meander Pattern and Diamond-Shaped Rosettes MET 09.217.1a, b.jpeg|A fragment from a [[limestone]] [[frieze]] with diagonal key patterns and rosettes from 6th century [[Roman Egypt|Byzantine Egypt]], in the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].
File:Ding (cooking vessel), China, Shang dynasty, 1300-1046 BC, bronze - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC03993.JPG|Rectilinear key patterns seen among other ornaments on a bronze Chinese cooking vessel from the [[Shang dynasty]].
File:Ding (cooking vessel), China, Shang dynasty, 1300-1046 BC, bronze - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC03993.JPG|Rectilinear key patterns seen among other ornaments on a bronze Chinese cooking vessel from the [[Shang dynasty]].
File:Sheet with Greek key and paisley pattern Met DP887050.jpg|A decorative paper sheet with [[Paisley (design)|paisley]] and Greek key patterns [[Relief printing|printed in relief]] from [[History of Italy (1559–1814)|18th century Italy]] in the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].
File:Sheet with Greek key and paisley pattern Met DP887050.jpg|A decorative paper sheet with [[Paisley (design)|paisley]] and Greek key patterns [[Relief printing|printed in relief]] from [[History of Italy (1559–1814)|18th century Italy]] in the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].
Line 17: Line 19:
File:Vintage pattern from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley from rawpixel’s own original first edition of the publication 76.jpg|Vintage Japanese border designs using key patterns from ''The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist'' by G.A & M.A. Audsley
File:Vintage pattern from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley from rawpixel’s own original first edition of the publication 76.jpg|Vintage Japanese border designs using key patterns from ''The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist'' by G.A & M.A. Audsley
File:Vintage pattern from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley from rawpixel’s own original first edition of the publication 86.jpg|Antique Greek border designs of key patterns and other ornaments from ''The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist'' by G.A & M.A. Audsley
File:Vintage pattern from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley from rawpixel’s own original first edition of the publication 86.jpg|Antique Greek border designs of key patterns and other ornaments from ''The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist'' by G.A & M.A. Audsley
File:Handbook of ornament; a grammar of art, industrial and architectural designing in all its branches, for practical as well as theoretical use (1900) (14597695089).jpg|Variations in decorative key patterns from the ''Handbook of Ornament; A Grammar of Art, Industrial and Architectural Designing in All Its Branches, for Practical as well as Theoretical Use'' (1900)
File:Handbook of ornament; a grammar of art, industrial and architectural designing in all its branches, for practical as well as theoretical use (1900) (14597695089).jpg|Variations in decorative key patterns from the ''Handbook of Ornament; A Grammar of Art, Industrial and Architectural Designing in All Its Branches, for Practical as well as Theoretical Use'' (1900)
</gallery>
</gallery>


Revision as of 20:17, 14 October 2022

An example of a key pattern in Insular stone art from Groam House, Scotland.

Key pattern is the generic term for an interlocking geometric motif made from straight lines or bars that intersect to form rectilinear spiral shapes.[1][2][3] According to Allen and Anderson, the negative space between the lines or bars of a key pattern “resemb[es] the L- or T-shaped slots in an ordinary key to allow it to pass the wards of the lock.”[4]

Key patterns have been discovered and used in ornamentation by a number of global cultures in human history, and are thought to largely have been designed independently of each other.[4][5] The earliest examples of key patterns are seen in textile ornaments from Mezin, Ukraine, dated to approximately 23,000 B.C.[5][6][7] Key patterns were also common in textile and ceramic ornamentation during the Neolithic period, with examples found among archeological discoveries in present-day Fiji, Peru, Mexico, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Greece,[4][5][6][7] as well as in pre-Christian Celtic art.[1][2][3] In addition, extant examples of early medieval Insular art, such as stone decorations and illuminated manuscripts, as well as Japanese, Chinese, and Islamic decorative arts from different periods, feature key patterns.[3][4][8][9]

Celtic mazes, Greek frets, and xicalcoliuhquis are examples of well-known designs that are considered to be key patterns.[2][4][10]

  • Key patterns forming a border in the Roman Mosaic of Dioscorides as seen in the Handbook of Archaeology, Egyptian - Greek - Etruscan - Roman (1867)
    Key patterns forming a border in the Roman Mosaic of Dioscorides as seen in the Handbook of Archaeology, Egyptian - Greek - Etruscan - Roman (1867)
  • Key patterns seen in architectural details at El Tajín, a pre-Columbian archaeological site in southern Mexico.
    Key patterns seen in architectural details at El Tajín, a pre-Columbian archaeological site in southern Mexico.
  • A detail of key patterns from a Greek painted terracotta amphora from 8th century B.C. in the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Athens
    A detail of key patterns from a Greek painted terracotta amphora from 8th century B.C. in the collection of the Archaeological Museum of Athens
  • A fragment of an engaged column carved from limestone, with key patterns, rosettes, and acanthus leaves, from a 6th-century monastic community in Bawit, Egypt.
    A fragment of an engaged column carved from limestone, with key patterns, rosettes, and acanthus leaves, from a 6th-century monastic community in Bawit, Egypt.
  • A fragment from a limestone frieze with diagonal key patterns and rosettes from 6th century Byzantine Egypt, in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
    A fragment from a limestone frieze with diagonal key patterns and rosettes from 6th century Byzantine Egypt, in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Rectilinear key patterns seen among other ornaments on a bronze Chinese cooking vessel from the Shang dynasty.
    Rectilinear key patterns seen among other ornaments on a bronze Chinese cooking vessel from the Shang dynasty.
  • A decorative paper sheet with paisley and Greek key patterns printed in relief from 18th century Italy in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
    A decorative paper sheet with paisley and Greek key patterns printed in relief from 18th century Italy in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • A wool rug ca.1900-1920 from the Navajo people in the Early Crystal style, with key patterns forming the outer border.
    A wool rug ca.1900-1920 from the Navajo people in the Early Crystal style, with key patterns forming the outer border.
  • Vintage Japanese designs of key patterns from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley
    Vintage Japanese designs of key patterns from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley
  • Vintage Japanese border designs using key patterns from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley
    Vintage Japanese border designs using key patterns from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley
  • Antique Greek border designs of key patterns and other ornaments from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley
    Antique Greek border designs of key patterns and other ornaments from The Practical Decorator and Ornamentist by G.A & M.A. Audsley
  • Variations in decorative key patterns from the Handbook of Ornament; A Grammar of Art, Industrial and Architectural Designing in All Its Branches, for Practical as well as Theoretical Use (1900)
    Variations in decorative key patterns from the Handbook of Ornament; A Grammar of Art, Industrial and Architectural Designing in All Its Branches, for Practical as well as Theoretical Use (1900)

References

  1. ^ a b Hull, Derek (2003). Celtic and Anglo-Saxon art : geometric aspects. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0-85323-549-X. OCLC 52695754.
  2. ^ a b c Bain, Iain (1994). Celtic key patterns. New York: Sterling Pub. Co. ISBN 0-8069-0740-1. OCLC 29428299.
  3. ^ a b c Thickpenney, Cynthia (2020). "Making Key pattern in Insular art: The Harley Golden Gospels and Kilmartin Cross". Peopling Insular Art: Practice, Performance, Perception. Cynthia Thickpenny, Katherine Forsyth, J. Geddes, Kate Mathis. Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-78925-455-6. OCLC 1180971230.
  4. ^ a b c d e Allen, J. Romilly; Anderson, Joseph; Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1903). The early Christian monuments of Scotland. Edinburgh: Printed by Neill & co., limited. p. 308.
  5. ^ a b c Radovic, Ljilana; Jablan, Slavik (2001). "Antisymmetry and Modularity in Ornamental Art" (PDF). Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music, and Science [Conference Proceedings]: 55–65.
  6. ^ a b Jablan, Slavik (2005). "Modularity in Art". Modularity : understanding the development and evolution of natural complex systems. Werner Callebaut, Diego Rasskin-Gutman. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-26969-8. OCLC 62098419.
  7. ^ a b Jablan, Slavik; Radović, Ljiljana (2011-08-09). Glanville, Ranulph (ed.). "Do you like paleolithic op‐art?". Kybernetes. 40 (7/8): 1045–1054. doi:10.1108/03684921111160287. ISSN 0368-492X.
  8. ^ Herringham, Christiana J. (1909). "Notes on Oriental Carpet Patterns-VI. Meander and Key Patterns". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 15 (74): 98–104. ISSN 0951-0788.
  9. ^ Wilson, Eva (1988). Islamic designs for artists and craftpeople. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-25819-X. OCLC 18134247.
  10. ^ Özkar, Mine; Lefford, Nyssim (2006). "Modal relationships as stylistic features: Examples from Seljuk and Celtic patterns". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57 (11): 1551–1560. doi:10.1002/asi.20431. ISSN 1532-2890.
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