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[[Image:alldt.jpg|thumb|right|400px|The Triassic Battlized Ranger and his fellow Dino Rangers]]
[[Image:RPI president jackson.jpg|thumb|right|265px|Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson]]
'''Shirley Ann Jackson''' (born [[August 5]], [[1946]]) is an [[African-American]] physicist, and 18th president of [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]]. She received her [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in physics from the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1973, only the second African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics in the United States.<ref name="AAAS">[http://www.aaas.org/ScienceTalk/jackson.shtml AAAS article on President Jackson]</ref> In 2004 it was reported that Dr. Jackson made $891,400 for her services as president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the highest among all American college and university presidents.<ref>[http://chronicle.com/errors.dir/noauthorization.php3?page=/weekly/v50/i12/12s00101.htm "Closing In on $1-Million"]''The Chronicle of Higher Education'', 14 November 2003</ref>
The '''Dino Thunder Power Rangers''' (canonically referred to as the '''Dino Rangers''') are [[fictional characters]] and [[heroes]] in the [[Power Rangers]] universe, appearing in the [[television series]] ''[[Power Rangers: Dino Thunder]]''.


==Early life==
{{spoilers}}
Jackson was born on August 5, 1946, in [[Washington, D.C.]]. Her parents, Beatrice and George Jackson, strongly valued education and encouraged her in school. Her father spurred on her interest in science by helping her with projects for her science classes. At Roosevelt High School, Jackson attended accelerated programs in both math and science, and she graduated in 1964 as valedictorian. Her sister Alicia Jackson was also interested in science.


==Scientific career==
The Dino Rangers got their powers from special [[Magical Items and Weapons in Power Rangers#Dino Gems|Dino Gems]] of their respective colours, which gave them superhuman abilities and allowed them to transform into Power Rangers. They used their abilities to battle the evil mastermind [[Mesogog]].
Jackson began classes at MIT in 1964, one of fewer than twenty [[African American]] students and the only one studying [[theoretical physics]]. While a student she did volunteer work at [[Boston City Hospital]] and tutored students at the Roxbury YMCA. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1968, writing her thesis on [[solid-state physics]], a subject then in the forefront of theoretical physics.


Although accepted at [[Brown University]], [[Harvard University]], and the [[University of Chicago]], Jackson elected to stay at MIT for her doctoral work, in part to encourage more African American students to attend the institution. She worked on [[particle physics|elementary particle theory]] for her Ph.D., which she completed in 1973, the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate degree from MIT. Her research was directed by James Young, the first African American tenured full professor in MIT's physics department.
When they say, "[[Super Dino Mode]]", the Power Rangers tap into the power of the dinosaurs, gaining spikes on their suits and, in the case of Kira, wings.


As a postdoctoral student of [[subatomic particle]]s during the 1970s, Jackson studied and conducted research at a number of prestigious physics laboratories in both the United States and Europe. Her first position was as research associate at the [[Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]] in Batavia, Illinois (known as Fermilab) where she studied [[hadron]]s. In 1974 she became visiting scientist at the accelerator lab at the [[European Center for Nuclear Research]] (CERN) in Switzerland. There she explored theories of strongly interacting elementary particles. In 1976 and 1977, she both lectured in physics at the [[Stanford Linear Accelerator Center]] and became a visiting scientist at the Aspen Center for Physics.
==Dr. Thomas "Tommy" Oliver==
{{main|Tommy Oliver}}


At one time her research focused on [[Lev Landau|Landau]] theories of charge density waves in one- and two-dimensions, and has also touched on two-dimensional [[Gauge theory|Yang-Mills gauge theories]] and [[neutrino]] reactions.
'''Tommy Oliver''', played by Jason David Frank, is the mentor of the Ranger team and also the Black Dino Ranger. His Dino Gem has the power of invisibility, but he rarely uses this power. He was originally the Green Power Ranger, then the White Power Ranger, Zeo Ranger V — Red, and then the first Red Turbo Ranger. Jason David Frank first reprised his role as Tommy in the ''[[Power Rangers: Wild Force]]'' episode [[Forever Red]] along with nearly every other former [[Red Ranger]].


Jackson has described her interests:
{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = [[Wild Force Power Rangers#Danny Delgado|Danny Delgado]] | title = [[Black Ranger]] | years = 2004 - 2005| after = Unnamed male [[Black Ranger]] <br>([[Power Rangers: Operation Overdrive|Operation Overdrive]])}}
{{end box}}


{{cquote|"I am interested in the electronic, optical, magnetic, and transport properties of novel semiconductor systems. Of special interest are the behavior of [[polaron|magnetic polarons]] in semimagnetic and dilute magnetic semiconductors, and the optical response properties of semiconductor quantum-wells and superlattices. My interests also include [[quantum dot]]s, [[mesoscopic]] systems, and the role of [[antiferromagnetic]] fluctuations in correlated 2D electron systems."<ref>[http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/physics/jackson_shirleya.html "Physicists of the African Diaspora"]</ref>}}
==Conner McKnight==
{{main|Conner McKnight}}


Jackson's area of interest in physics is the study of the [[subatomic particle]]s found within atoms, the tiny units of which all matter is made. Subatomic particles, which are usually very unstable and short-lived, can be studied in several ways. One method is using a [[particle accelerator]], a device in which nuclei are accelerated to high speeds and then collided with a target to separate them into subatomic particles. Another way of studying them is by detecting their movements using certain kinds of nonconducting solids. When some solids are exposed to high-energy particles, the crystal lattice structure of the atoms is distorted, and this phenomenon leaves marks or tracks that can be seen with an [[electron microscope]]. Photographs of the tracks are then enhanced, and by examining these photographs physicists like Jackson can make predictions about what kinds of particles have caused the marks.
'''Conner McKnight''' is the Red Dino Ranger. A soccer (football) player, he takes the role as the leader of the Dino Rangers and later gains the power to become the Triassic Ranger. His Dino Gem has the power of super-speed.


Jackson joined the Theoretical Physics Research Department at AT&T [[Bell Laboratories]] in 1976, examining the properties of various materials in an effort to discover useful applications. In 1978, Dr. Jackson became part of the Scattering and Low Energy Physics Research Department, and in 1988 she moved to the Solid State and Quantum Physics Research Department. At Bell Labs, Dr. Jackson researched theories of charge density waves and the reactions of [[neutrino|neutrinos]], among other things. In her research, Dr. Jackson has made contributions to the knowledge of charged density waves in layered compounds, polaronic aspects of electrons in the surface of liquid helium films, and optical and electronic properties of semiconductor strained-layer superlattices. On these topics and others she has prepared or collaborated on over 100 scientific articles.
{{start box}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ninja Storm Power Rangers#Shane Clarke|Shane Clarke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Red Ranger]]|years=2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[B-Squad Rangers#Jack Landors|Jack Landors]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Ninja Storm Power Rangers#Shane Clarke|Shane Clarke]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Power Rangers leader|years=2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[B-Squad Rangers#Jack Landors|Jack Landors]]}}
{{end box}}


Jackson was faculty at [[Rutgers University]] in [[Piscataway]] and [[New Brunswick, New Jersey]] from 1991 to 1995, in addition to continuing to consult with Bell Labs on semiconductor theory. Her research during this time focused on the electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional systems.
==Ethan James==
{{main|Ethan James}}


In 1995, [[Bill Clinton|President Clinton]] appointed Jackson to serve as Chairman of the U.S. [[Nuclear Regulatory Commission]] (NRC), becoming the first woman and first African American to hold that position<ref name="AAAS"/>. At the NRC, she has "ultimate authority for all NRC functions pertaining to an emergency involving an NRC licensee."<ref name = "profile">[http://www.rpi.edu/president/profile.html Jackson profile at RPI].</ref>
'''Ethan James''' is the Blue Dino Ranger. He is a computer geek who often hangs out at Hayley's cafe. His Dino Gem has the power of "Dino-Skin", giving him invulnerability.


On July 1, 1999, Jackson became the 18th president of [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]], the position she presently holds. She was the first woman and first African-American in this position as well. Jackson is leading a strategic initiative called [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute#The Rensselaer Plan|The Rensselaer Plan]] and has enjoyed the ongoing support of the RPI Board of Trustees and much progress has been made under the plan. However, her direct leadership style may not sit well with all members of the Rensselaer community; on April 26, 2006, the faculty of RPI voted 155 to 149 against a vote of no-confidence in Jackson.<ref>[http://chronicle.com/news/article/343/no-confidence-motion-fails-at-rensselaer-polytechnic No-Confidence Motion Fails at Rensselaer Polytechnic].</ref>
{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = [[Tori Hanson]] | title = [[Blue Ranger]] | years = 2004 | after = [[Sky Tate]]}}
{{end box}}


==Honors and distinctions==
==Kira Ford==
Jackson has received many fellowships, including the Martin Marietta Aircraft Company Scholarship and Fellowship, the Prince Hall Masons Scholarship, the National Science Foundation Traineeship, and a Ford Foundation Advanced Study Fellowship.
{{main|Kira Ford}}


She has been elected to numerous scientific societies, including the [[American Physical Society]].
'''Kira Ford''' is the Yellow Dino Ranger. She is a rock musician, playing the guitar and the lead vocals for her band. Her Dino Gem has the power of "Ptera-Scream," allowing her to emit ear piercing screams that can knock down her foes.


Her achievements in science and education have been recognized with multiple awards, including the CIBA-GEIGY Exceptional Black Scientist. In the early 1990s, Governor James Florio awarded her the Thomas Alva Edison Science Award for her contributions to physics and for the promotion of science. She has also received dozens of honorary doctorate degrees. <ref>[http://www.rpi.edu/president/honorarydegrees.html Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Honorary Degrees]</ref>
{{start box}}
{{succession box | before = [[Dustin Brooks]] | title = [[Yellow Ranger]] | years = 2004 | after = [[Elizabeth "Z" Delgado]]}}
{{end box}}


She was inducted into National Women's Hall of Fame in 1998 for "her significant contributions as a distinguished scientist and advocate for education, science, and public policy". More recently she was named one of the 50 Most Important Women in Science by [[Discover magazine]].<ref>[http://discovermagazine.com/2002/nov/feat50/ "The 50 Most Important Women in Science"] ''Discover Magazine''. 1 November 2002.</ref>
==Trent Fernandez-Mercer==
{{main|Trent Fernandez}}


Jackson has also been active in professional associations and in serving society through public scientific commissions. In 1985, Governor Thomas Kean appointed her to the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology. She is an active voice in numerous committees of the [[National Academy of Sciences]], the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS), and the [[National Science Foundation]], where her aim has been to actively promote women in science. In 2004 she became president of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] and chaired the AAAS board in 2005.
'''Trent Fernandez-Mercer''' is the White Dino Ranger. He was originally evil, as he was taken over by the evil energies of the White Dino Gem, originally meant for Mesogog.


In 2007 she was awarded the [[Vannevar Bush Award]] for "a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy."<ref>
{{start box}}
[http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=108494&org=NSF&from=news "Shirley Ann Jackson, Leader in Higher Education and Government, to Receive the Vannevar Bush Award"] NSF. 27 March 2007.</ref>
{{succession box | before = [[Alyssa Enrilé]] | title = [[White Ranger]] | years = 2004 | after = [[Mystic Force Power Rangers#Udonna|Udonna]]}}
{{end box}}


===Boards of directors===
Jackson serves on the boards of directors of many organizations <ref name = "profile"/>:
* Chairperson of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (AAAS) Board of Directors
* [[New York Stock Exchange]]
* the Board of Regents of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]
* [[IBM Corporation]]
* [[FedEx Corporation]]
* [[Marathon Oil Corporation]]
* [[Medtronic Inc.]]
* [[Public Service Enterprise Group Incorporated]]
* Trustee of the [[Brookings Institution]]
* Life Member of the MIT Corporation (MIT Board of Trustees)
* Trustee of [[Georgetown University]]
* Trustee of the [[Emma Willard School]]
* Trustee of the [[Pingry School]]


== Personal ==
{{Power Rangers Characters}}
Shirley Jackson is married to Dr. Morris A. Washington, a physics professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and has one son, Alan, a Dartmouth College alumnus.


==External links==
[[Category: Power Ranger teams]]
*Some material above appears from [http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/physics/jackson_shirleya.html <nowiki>'Physicists of the African Diaspora'</nowiki>], courtesy of Dr. Scott Williams.
*[http://www.rpi.edu/president/profile.html|Official profile from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]
*[http://www.iwaswondering.org/shirley_homepage.html Shirley Ann Jackson] at IWasWondering.com

==References==
<references/>

{{IBM}}

[[Category:American university and college presidents|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:1946 births|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Living people|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Women physicists|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:American physicists|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Particle physicists|Jackson]]
[[Category:Directors of IBM|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute presidents|Jackson, Shirley]]
[[Category:Vannevar Bush Award recipients|Jackson, Shirley]]

Revision as of 20:55, 7 May 2007

File:RPI president jackson.jpg
Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson

Shirley Ann Jackson (born August 5, 1946) is an African-American physicist, and 18th president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She received her Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973, only the second African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics in the United States.[1] In 2004 it was reported that Dr. Jackson made $891,400 for her services as president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the highest among all American college and university presidents.[2]

Early life

Jackson was born on August 5, 1946, in Washington, D.C.. Her parents, Beatrice and George Jackson, strongly valued education and encouraged her in school. Her father spurred on her interest in science by helping her with projects for her science classes. At Roosevelt High School, Jackson attended accelerated programs in both math and science, and she graduated in 1964 as valedictorian. Her sister Alicia Jackson was also interested in science.

Scientific career

Jackson began classes at MIT in 1964, one of fewer than twenty African American students and the only one studying theoretical physics. While a student she did volunteer work at Boston City Hospital and tutored students at the Roxbury YMCA. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1968, writing her thesis on solid-state physics, a subject then in the forefront of theoretical physics.

Although accepted at Brown University, Harvard University, and the University of Chicago, Jackson elected to stay at MIT for her doctoral work, in part to encourage more African American students to attend the institution. She worked on elementary particle theory for her Ph.D., which she completed in 1973, the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate degree from MIT. Her research was directed by James Young, the first African American tenured full professor in MIT's physics department.

As a postdoctoral student of subatomic particles during the 1970s, Jackson studied and conducted research at a number of prestigious physics laboratories in both the United States and Europe. Her first position was as research associate at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois (known as Fermilab) where she studied hadrons. In 1974 she became visiting scientist at the accelerator lab at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland. There she explored theories of strongly interacting elementary particles. In 1976 and 1977, she both lectured in physics at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and became a visiting scientist at the Aspen Center for Physics.

At one time her research focused on Landau theories of charge density waves in one- and two-dimensions, and has also touched on two-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge theories and neutrino reactions.

Jackson has described her interests:

"I am interested in the electronic, optical, magnetic, and transport properties of novel semiconductor systems. Of special interest are the behavior of magnetic polarons in semimagnetic and dilute magnetic semiconductors, and the optical response properties of semiconductor quantum-wells and superlattices. My interests also include quantum dots, mesoscopic systems, and the role of antiferromagnetic fluctuations in correlated 2D electron systems."[3]

Jackson's area of interest in physics is the study of the subatomic particles found within atoms, the tiny units of which all matter is made. Subatomic particles, which are usually very unstable and short-lived, can be studied in several ways. One method is using a particle accelerator, a device in which nuclei are accelerated to high speeds and then collided with a target to separate them into subatomic particles. Another way of studying them is by detecting their movements using certain kinds of nonconducting solids. When some solids are exposed to high-energy particles, the crystal lattice structure of the atoms is distorted, and this phenomenon leaves marks or tracks that can be seen with an electron microscope. Photographs of the tracks are then enhanced, and by examining these photographs physicists like Jackson can make predictions about what kinds of particles have caused the marks.

Jackson joined the Theoretical Physics Research Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1976, examining the properties of various materials in an effort to discover useful applications. In 1978, Dr. Jackson became part of the Scattering and Low Energy Physics Research Department, and in 1988 she moved to the Solid State and Quantum Physics Research Department. At Bell Labs, Dr. Jackson researched theories of charge density waves and the reactions of neutrinos, among other things. In her research, Dr. Jackson has made contributions to the knowledge of charged density waves in layered compounds, polaronic aspects of electrons in the surface of liquid helium films, and optical and electronic properties of semiconductor strained-layer superlattices. On these topics and others she has prepared or collaborated on over 100 scientific articles.

Jackson was faculty at Rutgers University in Piscataway and New Brunswick, New Jersey from 1991 to 1995, in addition to continuing to consult with Bell Labs on semiconductor theory. Her research during this time focused on the electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional systems.

In 1995, President Clinton appointed Jackson to serve as Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), becoming the first woman and first African American to hold that position[1]. At the NRC, she has "ultimate authority for all NRC functions pertaining to an emergency involving an NRC licensee."[4]

On July 1, 1999, Jackson became the 18th president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the position she presently holds. She was the first woman and first African-American in this position as well. Jackson is leading a strategic initiative called The Rensselaer Plan and has enjoyed the ongoing support of the RPI Board of Trustees and much progress has been made under the plan. However, her direct leadership style may not sit well with all members of the Rensselaer community; on April 26, 2006, the faculty of RPI voted 155 to 149 against a vote of no-confidence in Jackson.[5]

Honors and distinctions

Jackson has received many fellowships, including the Martin Marietta Aircraft Company Scholarship and Fellowship, the Prince Hall Masons Scholarship, the National Science Foundation Traineeship, and a Ford Foundation Advanced Study Fellowship.

She has been elected to numerous scientific societies, including the American Physical Society.

Her achievements in science and education have been recognized with multiple awards, including the CIBA-GEIGY Exceptional Black Scientist. In the early 1990s, Governor James Florio awarded her the Thomas Alva Edison Science Award for her contributions to physics and for the promotion of science. She has also received dozens of honorary doctorate degrees. [6]

She was inducted into National Women's Hall of Fame in 1998 for "her significant contributions as a distinguished scientist and advocate for education, science, and public policy". More recently she was named one of the 50 Most Important Women in Science by Discover magazine.[7]

Jackson has also been active in professional associations and in serving society through public scientific commissions. In 1985, Governor Thomas Kean appointed her to the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology. She is an active voice in numerous committees of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and the National Science Foundation, where her aim has been to actively promote women in science. In 2004 she became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and chaired the AAAS board in 2005.

In 2007 she was awarded the Vannevar Bush Award for "a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy."[8]

Boards of directors

Jackson serves on the boards of directors of many organizations [4]:

Personal

Shirley Jackson is married to Dr. Morris A. Washington, a physics professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and has one son, Alan, a Dartmouth College alumnus.

References

  1. ^ a b AAAS article on President Jackson
  2. ^ "Closing In on $1-Million"The Chronicle of Higher Education, 14 November 2003
  3. ^ "Physicists of the African Diaspora"
  4. ^ a b Jackson profile at RPI.
  5. ^ No-Confidence Motion Fails at Rensselaer Polytechnic.
  6. ^ Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Honorary Degrees
  7. ^ "The 50 Most Important Women in Science" Discover Magazine. 1 November 2002.
  8. ^ "Shirley Ann Jackson, Leader in Higher Education and Government, to Receive the Vannevar Bush Award" NSF. 27 March 2007.
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