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{{dablink|There are also three [[Caledonia Township, Michigan|Caledonia Townships]] in Michigan.}}
{{redirect|Picasso}}


'''Caledonia''' is a village in [[Kent County, Michigan|Kent County]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. As of the [[United States 2000 Census|2000 census]], the village population was 1,102. The village lies entirely within [[Caledonia Township, Kent County, Michigan|Caledonia Township]].
{{Infobox Artist
| bgcolour = #EEDD82
| name = Pablo Picasso
| image = Autoportrait_à_la_palette.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = ''Autoportrait à la palette'' (Self-Portrait with a Palette), oil on canvas, Autumn [[1906]].
| birthname = Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso
| birthdate = [[October 25]], [[1881]]
| location = [[Málaga]], [[Spain]]
| deathdate = [[April 8]], [[1973]]
| deathplace = [[Mougins]], [[France]]
| nationality = [[Spain|Spanish]]
| field = [[Painting]], [[Drawing]], [[Sculpture]], [[Printmaking]]
| training = Universaty of Art, 1935- Hose Perez(teacher)
| movement = [[Cubism]]
| famous works = ''[[Les Demoiselles d'Avignon]]'' (1907)<br>''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]'' (1937)<br>
| patrons =
| awards =
}}
'''Pablo Ruiz Picasso''' ([[October 25]], [[1881]] – [[April 8]], [[1973]]) was a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[painter]] and [[Sculpture|sculptor]]. His full name is '''Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito Ruiz y Picasso'''. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century [[art]], he is best known as the co-founder, along with [[Georges Braque]], of [[cubism]].


==Biography==
==Geography==
[[Image:MIMap-doton-Caledonia.PNG|right|Location of Caledonia, Michigan]]
[[Image:Autoportrait_mal_coiffe.jpg|thumb|left|150px|An 1896 self-portrait.]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of 3.6 [[km²]] (1.4 [[square mile|mi²]]). 3.5 km² (1.4 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (2.88%) is water.
'''Pablo Picasso''' was born in [[Málaga]], [[Spain]], the first child of [[José Ruiz y Blasco]] and [[María Picasso y López]]. He was christened with the names Pablo, Diego, José, Francisco de Paula, Juan Nepomuceno, Maria de los Remedios, and Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad.<ref>{{cite book | last = O'Brian | first = Patrick | authorlink = Patrick O'Brian | title = Picasso: A Biography | publisher = W. W. Norton | date = 1994 | location = New York | pages = 14 | id = ISBN 0-393-31107-4}}</ref>


==Education==
Picasso's father was Jose Ruíz, a painter whose specialty was the naturalistic depiction of birds and who for most of his life was also a [[professor]] of art at the School of Crafts and a [[curator]] of a local museum. The young Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age; according to his mother, his first word was "piz," a shortening of ''lapiz'', the Spanish word for [[pencil]].<ref>{{cite news | last = Hughes | first = Robert | title = Anatomy of a Minotaur | pages =
There are eight public schools in Caledonia and the surrounding area, all of which belong to Caledonia Community Schools. The high school --built in 2004-- has an enrollment of 1,250 students. Across the street is Glenmor High School, the alternative school, built in 2006.<BR>
| publisher = Time Magazine | date = [[1971-11-01]] | url = http://www.google.com.html | accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref> It was from his father that Picasso had his first formal academic art training, such as figure drawing and painting in oil. Although Picasso attended carpenter schools throughout his childhood, often those where his father taught, he never finished his college-level course of study at the Academy of Arts (''Academia de San Fernando'') in [[Madrid]], leaving after less than a year.
There are two middle schools: Kraft Meadows Middle School(KMMS) and Duncan Lake Middle School (DLMS). They have a few sporty compitions between each other. Both opened in 2004, although the buildings have been around longer. KMMS is the original Caledonia Middle School, and DLMS is the most recent high school. <BR><BR>
There are four elementary schools: Caledonia Elementary (the original, across the street from DLMS), Emmons Lake Elementary (newest, next to the high school), Dutton Elementary and Kettle Lake Elementary. Plans for a fifth elementary are underway.


Emmons Lake runs on an alternative school schedule that is longer on the calendar, but the same amount of school days. They start in August, three weeks earlier than the rest of the schools, getting Fridays off during those three weeks, get a week off in October and February, receive a two week spring break, and end a week later than the other schools in the district.
===Personal life===
[[Image:Stein by picasso.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Picasso's friend [[Gertrude Stein]], who had more than 80 sittings for this 1906 portrait.]]
After studying art in Madrid, he made his first trip to Paris in 1900, the art capital of Europe. In Paris, he lived with [[Max Jacob]] (journalist and poet), who helped him learn French. Max slept at night and Picasso slept during the day as he worked at night. They were times of severe poverty, cold and desperation. Much of his work had to be burned to keep the small room warm. In 1901, with his friend Soler, he founded the magazine ''Arte Joven'' in Madrid. The first edition was entirely illustrated by him. From that day, he started to simply sign his work ''Picasso'', while before he signed ''Pablo Ruiz y Picasso''.
In the early years of the twentieth century, Picasso, still a struggling youth, divided his time between [[Barcelona]] and [[Paris]], where in 1904, he began a long term relationship with Fernande Olivier. It is she who appears in many of the Rose period paintings. After acquiring fame and some fortune, Picasso left Olivier for Marcelle Humbert, whom Picasso called Eva. Picasso included declarations of his love for Eva in many Cubist works.


==Sports and Athletics==
In [[Paris]], Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the [[Montmartre]] and [[Montparnasse]] quarters, including [[André Breton]], [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], and writer [[Gertrude Stein]]. He maintained a number of mistresses in addition to his wife or primary partner. Picasso was married twice and had four children by three women.
Caledonia's athletic teams are known as the Fighting Scots, but some refer to them only as the Scots. Colors are Purple and Gold. Prior to 1970 they were known as the scotties, a small dog being the mascot, but they tired of competing teams making fun of the name. In the early 1970s the name was changed to the fighting scots and the mascot to a fighting scotsman in a kilt who carried a sword. The mascot was painted onto the wall of the gym. The most recent mascot is wearing a kilt, swordless and carries a napsack[http://www2.caledonia.k12.mi.us/athletics/Booster/meetnewmascot.gif]


The school has a history of success in track and field and cross country. Championships and Runners-Up in Track and Cross Country are in the following: <BR>Boys Cross Country:<BR>
In 1918 Picasso married [[Olga Khokhlova]], a ballerina with [[Sergei Diaghilev]]'s troupe, for whom Picasso was designing a ballet, ''Parade'', in Rome. Khokhlova introduced Picasso to high society, formal dinner parties, and all the social niceties attendant on the life of the rich in 1920s Paris. The two had a son, Paulo, who would grow up to be a dissolute motorcycle racer and chauffeur to his father.
1996 State Champions - Coach John Soderman - Class B, Lower Peninsula [http://www.mhsaa.com/sports/bxc/yearly.htm]<BR>
Girls Cross Country: <BR>
1990 State Runners-Up - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula<BR>
1992 State Runners-Up - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula [http://www.mhsaa.com/sports/bxc/yearly.htm] <BR>
1993 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula<BR>
1994 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula<BR>
1995 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula<BR>
1996 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula [http://www.mhsaa.com/sports/bxc/yearly.htm]<BR>
Girls Track: <BR>
1994 State Runners-Up - Coach Jon Zomerlei - Class B, Lower Peninsula <BR>
1995 State Champions - Coach Jon Zomerlei - Class B, Lower Peninsula <BR>
2007 OK Gold All-Area- Marshall Clabeaux
The high school football team was the 2005 State Champion in Division 3 when they defeated the Haslett Vikings 27-6 at Ford Field in Detroit.
<br>The high school football team finished tied for third during 2006 in Division 3 when they lost to East Grand Rapids 38-7 in the Semi Finals.


Over the years the Scots have had numerous first team all state athletes starting with Warren Dobber Wenger (tennis) in 1932.[http://www2.caledonia.k12.mi.us/hof/hofallstate.html]
Khokhlova's insistence on social propriety clashed with Picasso's [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] tendencies and the two lived in a state of constant conflict. In 1927 Picasso met 17 year old [[Marie-Thérèse Walter]] and began a secret affair with her. Picasso's marriage to Khokhlova soon ended in separation rather than divorce, as French law required an even division of property in the case of divorce, and Picasso did not want Khokhlova to have half his wealth. The two remained legally married until Khokhlova's death in 1955.


==Demographics==
Picasso carried on a long-standing affair with Walter and fathered a daughter, Maia, with her. Marie-Thérèse lived in the vain hope that Picasso would one day marry her, and hung herself four years after Picasso's death.
As of the [[census]][[Geographic references#2|<sup>2</sup>]] of 2000, there were 1,102 people, 430 households, and 304 families residing in the village. The [[population density]] was 315.2/km² (816.3/mi²). There were 449 housing units at an average density of 128.4/km² (332.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.91% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.27% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.09% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.54% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.09% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.36% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.73% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.18% of the population.


There were 430 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.08.
The photographer and painter [[Dora Maar]] was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. The two were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s and it was Maar who documented the painting of [[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]].


In the village the population was spread out with 31.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.
[[Image:PicassoandFriends.jpg|thumb|left|225px|From left to right, [[Manuel Ortiz de Zárate]], [[Henri-Pierre Roché]] (in uniform), [[Marie Vassilieff]], [[Max Jacob]] and Pablo Picasso (1915).]]


The median income for a household in the village was $50,724, and the median income for a family was $56,429. Males had a median income of $45,804 versus $33,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $22,386. About 4.7% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.
After the [[liberation of Paris]] in 1944, Picasso began to keep company with a young art student, [[Françoise Gilot]]. The two eventually became lovers, and had two children together, Claude and [[Paloma Picasso|Paloma]]. Unique among Picasso's women, Gilot left Picasso in 1953, allegedly because of abusive treatment and infidelities. This came as a severe blow to Picasso.
{{Cities of Kent County, Michigan}}

He went through a difficult period after Gilot's departure, coming to terms with his advancing age and his perception that, now in his 70s, he was no longer attractive, but rather grotesque to young women. A number of ink drawings from this period explore this theme of the hideous old dwarf as buffoonish counterpoint to the beautiful young girl, including several from a six-week affair with [[Geneviève Laporte]], who in June 2005 auctioned off the drawings Picasso made of her.

[[Image:RobertDoisneau.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Robert Doisneau]] portrait of Picasso.]]
[[Image:Picassos.jpg|left|thumb|Picasso]]
Picasso was not long in finding another lover, Jacqueline Roque. Roque worked at the Madoura Pottery, where Picasso made and painted ceramics. The two remained together for the rest of Picasso's life, marrying in 1961. Their marriage was also the means of one last act of revenge against Gilot. Gilot had been seeking a legal means to legitimize her children with Picasso, Claude and Paloma. With Picasso's encouragement, she had arranged to divorce her then husband, Luc Simon, and marry Picasso to secure her children's rights. Picasso then secretly married Roque after Gilot had filed for divorce in order to exact his revenge for her leaving him.

Picasso had constructed a huge [[gothic]] structure and could afford large villas in the south of France, at Notre-dame-de-vie on the outskirts of Mougins, in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]. Although he was a celebrity, there was often as much interest in his personal life as his art.

In addition to his manifold artistic accomplishments, Picasso had a film career, including a cameo appearance in [[Jean Cocteau]]'s ''Testament of Orpheus''. Picasso always played himself in his film appearances.
In 1955 he helped make the film ''Le Mystère Picasso'' ''(The Mystery of Picasso)'' directed by [[Henri-Georges Clouzot]].

Pablo Picasso died on [[April 8]], [[1973]] in [[Mougins]], [[France]], while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. His [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Last_words final words] were "Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can't drink any more." He was interred at Castle Vauvenargues' park, in [[Vauvenargues]], [[Bouches-du-Rhône]]. Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral.

===Pacifism===
Picasso remained neutral during [[World War I]], the [[Spanish Civil War]] and [[World War II]], refusing to fight for any side or country. Picasso never commented on this but encouraged the idea that it was because he was a [[pacifism|pacifist]]. Some of his contemporaries (including Braque) felt that this neutrality had more to do with cowardice than principle.
As a Spanish citizen living in [[France]], Picasso was under no compulsion to fight against the invading Germans in either world war. In the [[Spanish Civil War]], service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of [[Francisco Franco|Franco]] and the [[Fascism|Fascists]] through his art he did not take up arms against them.
[[Image:PicassoGuernica.jpg|thumb|right|305px|Picasso's [[Guernica (painting)|''Guernica'']] was painted as a representation of [[bombing of Guernica]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]].]]
He also remained aloof from the [[Catalonia|Catalan]] independence movement during his youth despite expressing general support and being friendly with activists within it. No political movement seemed to compel his support to any great degree, though he did become a member of the [[Communist Party]].

During the Second World War, Picasso remained in Paris when the Germans occupied the city. The Nazis hated his style of painting, so he was not able to show his works during this time. Retreating to his [[studio]], he continued to paint all the while. Although the Germans outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso continued regardless, using bronze smuggled to him by the French resistance.

Arguably Picasso's most famous work is his depiction of the [[Germany|German]] [[bombing of Guernica]], [[Spain]] — [[Guernica (painting)|''Guernica'']]. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war.

After the Second World War, Picasso rejoined the [[French Communist Party]], and even attended an international peace conference in [[Poland]]. But party criticism of a portrait of [[Stalin]] as insufficiently realistic cooled Picasso's interest in Communist politics, though he remained a loyal member of the Communist Party until his death. His beliefs tended towards [[anarcho-communism]].

== Picasso's work ==
Picasso's work is often categorized into "periods". While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the [[Picasso's Blue Period|Blue Period]] (1901–1904), the [[Picasso's Rose Period|Rose Period]] (1905–1907), the [[Picasso's African Period|African-influenced Period]] (1908–1909), [[Analytic Cubism]] (1909–1912), and [[Synthetic Cubism]] (1912–1919).

In 1939-40 the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York, under its director [[Alfred Barr]], a Picasso enthusiast, held a major and highly successful retrospective of his principal works up until that time. This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view in America the scope of his artistry, and resulted in a reinterpretation of his work by contemporary art historians and scholars.<small><ref>The MoMA retrospective of 1939-40 - see Michael FitzGerald, ''Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995. (pp.243-62)</ref></small>

===Before 1901===
Picasso's training under his father began before 1890. His progress can be traced in the collection of early works now held by the [[Museu Picasso]] in [[Barcelona]], which provides one of the most comprehensive records extant of any major artist's beginnings.<ref>Cirlot,1972, p.6</ref> During 1893 the juvenile quality of his earliest work falls away; by 1894 his career as a painter can be said to have begun.<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p. 14</ref> The academic realism apparent in the works of the mid-1890s is well displayed in ''The First Communion'' (1896), a large composition that depicts his sister, Lola. In the same year, at the age of 14, he painted ''Portrait of Aunt Pepa'', a vigorous and dramatic portrait that Juan-Eduardo Cirlot has called "without a doubt one of the greatest in the whole history of Spanish painting."<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p.37</ref>

In 1897 his realism became tinged with [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolist]] influence, in a series of landscape paintings rendered in non naturalistic violet and green tones. What some call his Modernist period (1899-1900) followed. His exposure to the work of [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti|Rossetti]], [[Théophile Steinlen|Steinlen]], [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] and [[Edvard Munch]], combined with his admiration for favorite old masters such as [[El Greco]], led Picasso to a personal version of modernism in his works of this period.<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p. 87-108.</ref>

===Blue Period===
{{details|Picasso's Blue Period}}
Picasso's Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors. This period's starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year.<ref>Cirlot, 1972, p.127.</ref> In his austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject matter—[[prostitute]]s and [[beggar]]s are frequent subjects—Picasso was influenced by a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Starting in autumn of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting ''[[La Vie]]'', painted in 1903 and now in the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]].<ref>Wattenmaker and Distel, 1993, p. 304</ref>

The same mood pervades the well-known etching ''[[The Frugal Repast]]'' (1904), which depicts a blind man and a sighted woman, both emaciated, seated at a nearly bare table. Blindness is a recurrent theme in Picasso's works of this period, also represented in ''The Blindman's Meal'' (1903, the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]) and in the portrait of ''Celestina'' (1903). Other frequent subjects are [[artists]], [[acrobat]]s and [[harlequin]]s. The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso.

===Rose Period===
{{details|Picasso's Rose Period}}
The Rose Period (1905–1907) is characterized by a more cheery style with orange and pink colors, and again featuring many harlequins. Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a model for sculptors and artists, in Paris in 1904, and many of these paintings are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting.

===African-influenced Period===
{{details|Picasso's African Period}}
Picasso's African-influenced Period (1907–1909) begins with the two figures on the right in his painting, ''[[Les Demoiselles d'Avignon]]'', which were inspired by African artifacts. Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.

===Analytic Cubism===
{{details|Analytic Cubism}}
Analytic Cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with [[Braque]] using monochrome brownish colours. Both artists took apart objects and "analyzed" them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque's paintings at this time are very similar to each other.

===Synthetic Cubism===
{{details|Synthetic cubism}}
Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919) is a further development of Cubism in which cut paper fragments—often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages—are pasted into compositions, marking the first use of [[collage]] in fine art.

===Classicism and Surrealism===
In the period following the upheaval of [[World War I]] Picasso produced work in a [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] style. This "return to order" is evident in the work of many European artists in the 1920s, including [[Derain]], [[Giorgio de Chirico]], and the artists of the [[New Objectivity]] movement. Picasso's paintings and drawings from this period frequently recall the work of [[Ingres]].

During the 1930s, the [[minotaur]] replaced the harlequin as a motif which he used often in his work. His use of the minotaur came partly from his contact with the [[surrealism|surrealists]], who often used it as their symbol, and appears in Picasso's ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]''.

Arguably Picasso's most famous work is his depiction of the [[Germany|German]] [[bombing of Guernica]], [[Spain]] — [[Guernica (painting)|''Guernica'']]. This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. ''Guernica'' hung in New York's [[Museum of Modern Art]] for many years. In 1981 ''Guernica'' was returned to Spain and exhibited at the [[Casón del Buen Retiro]]. In 1992 the painting hung in Madrid's [[Reina Sofía Museum]] when it opened.

===Later works===
[[Image:PabloPicasso Meninas.jpg|thumb|left|225px|''Las Meninas'' (1957) based on the ''[[Las Meninas]]'' by [[Velazquez]].]]
Picasso was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the [[3rd Sculpture International]] held at the [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]] in the summer of [[1949]].
In the 1950s Picasso's style changed once again, as he took to producing reinterpretations of the art of the great masters. He made a series of works based on [[Diego Velázquez|Velazquez]]'s painting of [[Las Meninas]]. He also based paintings on works of art by [[Goya]], [[Poussin]], [[Édouard Manet|Manet]], [[Courbet]] and [[Delacroix]].

[[Image:2004-09-07 1800x2400 chicago picasso.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Picasso sculpture in [[Chicago]].]]
He was commissioned to make a [[maquette]] for a huge 50 foot high [[public art|public sculpture]] to be built in [[Chicago]], known usually as the ''[[Chicago Picasso]]''. He approached the project with a great deal of enthusiasm, designing a sculpture which was ambiguous and somewhat controversial. What the figure represents is not known; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks in downtown Chicago, was unveiled in 1967. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of the city.

Picasso's final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. One long time admirer, Douglas Cooper, called them "the incoherent scribblings of a frenetic old man". Only later, after Picasso's death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered [[neo-expressionism]] and was, as so often before, ahead of his time.

==Legacy==
[[Image:BoyWithAPipe.JPG|thumb|left|200px|''[[Garçon à la pipe]]'', which sold for [[US$]]104 million in 2004 &mdash; a record price at the time.]]
At the time of his death many of his paintings were in his possession, as he had kept off the art market what he didn't need to sell. In addition, Picasso had a considerable collection of the work of other famous artists, some his contemporaries, such as [[Henri Matisse]], with whom he had exchanged works. Since Picasso left no will, his death duties (estate tax) to the French state were paid in the form of his works and others from his collection. These works form the core of the immense and representative collection of the [[Musée Picasso]] in Paris. In 2003, relatives of Picasso inaugurated a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace, Málaga, Spain, the [[Museo Picasso Málaga]].

The [[Museu Picasso]] in [[Barcelona]] features many of Picasso's early works, created while he was living in Spain, including many rarely seen works which reveal Picasso's firm grounding in classical techniques. The museum also holds many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father's tutelage, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, Picasso's close friend from his Barcelona days who, for many years, was Picasso's personal secretary.

In the aftermath of Picasso's death, at the suggestion of [[Dustin Hoffman]], [[Paul McCartney]] wrote a song entitled "Picasso's Last Words (Drink To Me)" in tribute to him which was released on his album [[Band on the Run]] later that year.

The film ''[[Surviving Picasso]]'' was made about Picasso in 1996, as seen through the eyes of [[Françoise Gilot]]. [[Anthony Hopkins]] played Picasso in the movie.

Some paintings by Picasso rank among the [[list of most expensive paintings|most expensive paintings in the world]].

* "[[Nude on a black armchair|Nude on a Black Armchair]]" - sold for [[United States dollar|USD]] $45.1 million in 1999 to [[Les Wexner]], who then donated it to the [[Wexner Center for the Arts]].
* ''[[Les Noces de Pierrette]]'' - sold for more than [[United States dollar|USD]] $51 million in 1999.
* ''[[Garçon à la pipe]]''- sold for [[United States dollar|USD]] $104 million at [[Sotheby's]] on [[May 4]], [[2004]], establishing a new price record.
* ''[[Dora Maar au Chat]]'' - sold for [[United States dollar|USD]] $95.2 million at Sotheby's on [[May 3]], [[2006]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/12627809/|title=Picasso portrait sells for $95.2 million|accessdate=May 4|accessyear=2006}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[International Lenin Peace Prize]] (1962)

==Anecdotes and trivia==
A man once criticized Picasso for creating unrealistic art. Picasso asked him: "Can you show me some realistic art?" The man showed him a photograph of his wife. Picasso observed: "So your wife is two inches tall, two-dimensional, with no arms and no legs, and no color but only shades of gray?"<ref>[http://www.freakingnews.com/FN-Celebrates-Picasso-s-Birthday_Photoshop_Pictures__1187.asp]</ref>

The [[Guinness World Records]] names Picasso as the most prolific painter ever.

Picasso suffered from [[dyslexia]].<ref>[http://www.dyslexiaonline.com/famous/famous.htm]</ref>

Picasso was also featured on an episode of [[Monty Python's Flying Circus]].

==Children==
* Paulo ([[February 4]], [[1921]] - [[June 5]], [[1975]]) - with [[Olga Khokhlova]]
* Maya ([[September 5]], [[1935]] - ) - with [[Marie-Thérèse Walter]]
* Claude ([[May 15]],[[1947]]) - with [[Françoise Gilot]]
* [[Paloma Picasso|Paloma]] ([[April 19]],[[1949]] - ) - with [[Françoise Gilot]]

==Lists of works==
[[Image:L'Accordéoniste.jpg|thumb|right|175px|''L'Accordéoniste'', a 1911 cubist painting by Picasso]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1889-1900]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1901-1910]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1911-1920]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1921-1930]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1931-1940]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1941-1950]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1951-1960]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1961-1970]]
*[[List of Picasso artworks 1971-1973]]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
===Notes===
{{more sources|April 2007}}
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*[[Museum of Modern Art|The Museum of Modern Art]]. ''Pablo Picasso, a retrospective''. Ed. William Rubin, chronology by Jane Fluegel. [[New York]]. 1980. ISBN 0-87070-519-9
*Cirlot, Juan-Eduardo (1972). ''Picasso: birth of a genius''. New York and Washington: Praeger.
*Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer (1990). ''On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930''. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-043-X
*Fitzgerald, Michael C. ''Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
*[[Eugenio Fernández Granell]], [http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/7573154&referer=brief_results ''Picasso's Guernica : the end of a Spanish era''] (Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI Research Press, 1981) ISBN 0835712060 9780835712064 9780835712064 0835712060
*Ledor, Kobi, MD. "[http://ledorfineart.com/forum.html A Guide to Collecting Picasso's Prints]"
*Mallen Enrique (2003). The Visual Grammar of Pablo Picasso. Berkeley Insights in Linguistics & Semiotics Series. Berlin: Peter Lang.
*Mallen, Enrique (2005). La Sintaxis de la Carne: Pablo Picasso y Marie-Thérèse Walter. Santiago de Chile: Red Internacional del Libro.
*Picasso, Olivier Widmaier. (2004). ''Picasso: The Real Family Story''. Prestel Publ. ISBN 3-7913-3149-3
*Rubin, William, ed. (1980) ''Pablo Picasso, a retrospective''. Chronology by Jane Fluegel. Museum of Modern Art|The Museum of Modern Art. New York. ISBN 0-87070-519-9
*Wattenmaker, Richard J.; Distel, Anne, et al. (1993). ''Great French Paintings from the Barnes Foundation''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-40963-7
*Nill, Raymond M. "A Visual Guide to Pablo Picasso's Works". New York: B&H Publishers, 1987.

== See also ==
*[[List of most expensive paintings]]
*[[Picasso museums]]

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons|Pablo Picasso}}
* [http://www.caiozip.com/picassoing.htm ''Picasso''-The painter who transforms a yellow spot into the sun]
* [http://www.picasso.fr/anglais/ Official website]
* [http://samizdateditions.com/issue7/picasso1.html Poems by Picasso in English translation] from [[Samizdat (poetry magazine)]]

=== Museums ===
* [http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pica/hd_pica.htm Pablo Picasso at the Metropolitan Museum of Arts, New York]
* [http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/sammlungen/details.php?objectId=22&lang=en Museum Berggruen (Berlin, Germany)]
* [http://www.museopicassomalaga.org/ Museo Picasso Málaga (Málaga, Spain)]
* [http://www.museupicasso.bcn.es/ Museu Picasso (Barcelona, Spain)]
* [http://www.musee-picasso.fr/ Musée National Picasso (Paris, France)]
* [http://www.antibes-juanlespins.com/fr/culture/musees/picasso/ Musée Picasso (Antibes, France)]
* [http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_bio_126.html Guggenheim Museum Biography]
* [http://www.nga.gov/cgi-bin/psearch?Request=A&Person=24750 National Gallery of Art] list of paintings
* [http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A4609 Pablo Picasso at Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)]

=== Online galleries ===
* [http://picasso.tamu.edu/ On-Line Picasso Project]: Comprehensive summary of his life and his work.
* [http://www.privateartcollection.net/pac/display/artist.do?lang=en_EN&artistao=all&artistid=A00000LQ Pablo Picasso's paintings in the Private Art Collection]

=== Essays ===
* [http://www.aestheticrealism.org/News-ck.htm ''Power and Tenderness in Men and in Picasso's 'Minotauromachy' '' by Chaim Koppelman]
* [http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/picasso.htm Federal Bureau of Investigation files]: Summary of FBI investigation of Picasso

{{Picasso works}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Picasso, Pablo
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Pablo Ruiz y Picasso
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Spain|Spanish]] [[painter]] and [[Sculpture|sculptor]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[October 25]], [[1881]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Málaga]], [[Spain]]
|DATE OF DEATH=[[April 8]], [[1973]]
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Mougins]], [[France]]
}}


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[[Category:Cubism]]
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[[Category:Spanish atheists]]
[[Category:Spanish communists]]
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[[Category:Kent County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Villages in Michigan]]


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Revision as of 17:30, 27 June 2007

There are also three Caledonia Townships in Michigan.

Caledonia is a village in Kent County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the village population was 1,102. The village lies entirely within Caledonia Township.

Geography

Location of Caledonia, Michigan
Location of Caledonia, Michigan

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.6 km² (1.4 mi²). 3.5 km² (1.4 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (2.88%) is water.

Education

There are eight public schools in Caledonia and the surrounding area, all of which belong to Caledonia Community Schools. The high school --built in 2004-- has an enrollment of 1,250 students. Across the street is Glenmor High School, the alternative school, built in 2006.
There are two middle schools: Kraft Meadows Middle School(KMMS) and Duncan Lake Middle School (DLMS). They have a few sporty compitions between each other. Both opened in 2004, although the buildings have been around longer. KMMS is the original Caledonia Middle School, and DLMS is the most recent high school.

There are four elementary schools: Caledonia Elementary (the original, across the street from DLMS), Emmons Lake Elementary (newest, next to the high school), Dutton Elementary and Kettle Lake Elementary. Plans for a fifth elementary are underway.

Emmons Lake runs on an alternative school schedule that is longer on the calendar, but the same amount of school days. They start in August, three weeks earlier than the rest of the schools, getting Fridays off during those three weeks, get a week off in October and February, receive a two week spring break, and end a week later than the other schools in the district.

Sports and Athletics

Caledonia's athletic teams are known as the Fighting Scots, but some refer to them only as the Scots. Colors are Purple and Gold. Prior to 1970 they were known as the scotties, a small dog being the mascot, but they tired of competing teams making fun of the name. In the early 1970s the name was changed to the fighting scots and the mascot to a fighting scotsman in a kilt who carried a sword. The mascot was painted onto the wall of the gym. The most recent mascot is wearing a kilt, swordless and carries a napsack[1]

The school has a history of success in track and field and cross country. Championships and Runners-Up in Track and Cross Country are in the following:
Boys Cross Country:
1996 State Champions - Coach John Soderman - Class B, Lower Peninsula [2]
Girls Cross Country:
1990 State Runners-Up - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula
1992 State Runners-Up - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula [3]
1993 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula
1994 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula
1995 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula
1996 State Champions - Coach Dave Hodgekinson - Class B, Lower Peninsula [4]
Girls Track:
1994 State Runners-Up - Coach Jon Zomerlei - Class B, Lower Peninsula
1995 State Champions - Coach Jon Zomerlei - Class B, Lower Peninsula
2007 OK Gold All-Area- Marshall Clabeaux The high school football team was the 2005 State Champion in Division 3 when they defeated the Haslett Vikings 27-6 at Ford Field in Detroit.
The high school football team finished tied for third during 2006 in Division 3 when they lost to East Grand Rapids 38-7 in the Semi Finals.

Over the years the Scots have had numerous first team all state athletes starting with Warren Dobber Wenger (tennis) in 1932.[5]

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there were 1,102 people, 430 households, and 304 families residing in the village. The population density was 315.2/km² (816.3/mi²). There were 449 housing units at an average density of 128.4/km² (332.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.91% White, 0.27% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population.

There were 430 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the village the population was spread out with 31.1% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $50,724, and the median income for a family was $56,429. Males had a median income of $45,804 versus $33,750 for females. The per capita income for the village was $22,386. About 4.7% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.5% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

References

42°47′21″N 85°31′00″W / 42.78917°N 85.51667°W / 42.78917; -85.51667

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