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'''Halit Refiğ''', born in [[İzmir]] in 1934, is a renowned [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[film director]], [[film producer]] and [[screenwriter]]. He graduated from Şişli Terakki High School in 1951. After high school, he attended [[Robert College]] of [[Istanbul]]. He directed his first film as an animator in [[Korea]], [[Japan]] and [[Ceylon]]. He entered the movie world as [[Atıf Yılmaz]]'s assistant in 1957. He began his career as director with ''Forbidden Love'' in 1960. He has made about 60 films including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. His films have represented Turkey in various festival and shows abroad.
{{infobox Book | <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
| name = The Glass Bead Game
| title_orig = Das Glasperlenspiel
| translator = Richard and Clara Winston
| image =
| author = [[Hermann Hesse]]
| cover_artist =
| country = [[Switzerland]]
| language = [[German language|German]]
| series =
| genre = [[Novel]]
| publisher = [[Holt, Rinehart and Winston]]
| release_date = [[1943]] (Eng. trans. [[1969]])
| media_type = Print ([[Hardcover|Hardback]] & [[Paperback]])
| pages = 558 pp
| isbn = NA <!-- published before ISBN system -->
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}


== Filmography ==
'''''The Glass Bead Game''''' ([[German language|German]]: '''''Das Glasperlenspiel''''') is the last work and [[magnum opus]] of the German author [[Hermann Hesse]]. Begun in [[1931]] and published in [[Switzerland]] in [[1943]], the book was mentioned in Hesse's citation for the 1946 [[Nobel Prize]] for Literature.


* ''Seviştiğimiz Günler'' 1961
"Glass Bead Game" is a literal translation of the German title. The title has also been translated as '''''Magister Ludi'''''. "Magister Ludi," [[Latin]] for "master of the game," is the name of an honorific title awarded to the book's central character. ''Magister Ludi'' can also be seen as a [[pun]]: ''lud'' is a Latin stem meaning both "game" and "school."
* ''Yasak Aşk'' 1961
* ''Şehirdeki Yabancı'' 1962
* ''Gençlik Hülyaları'' 1962
* ''Şafak Bekçileri'' 1963
* ''Gurbet Kuşları'' 1964
* ''Şehrazat'' 1964
* ''Evcilik Oyunu'' 1964
* ''İstanbul'un Kızları'' 1964
* ''Canım Sana Feda'' 1965
* ''Güneşe Giden'' Yol 1965
* ''Haremde Dört Kadın'' (Film) 1965
* ''Kırık Hayatlar'' 1965
* ''Aslan Pençesi'' 1966
* ''Erkek Ve Dişi'' 1966
* ''Üç Korkusuz Arkadaş'' 1966
* ''Karakolda Ayna Var'' 1966
* ''Can Yoldaşları'' 1966
* ''Kız Kolunda Damga Var'' 1967
* ''Bir Türk'e Gönül Verdim'' 1969
* ''Yaşamak Ne Güzel Şey'' 1969
* ''Atsız Cengaver'' 1970
* ''Sevmek Ve Ölmek Zamanı'' 1971
* ''Ali Cengiz Oyunu'' 1971
* ''Çöl Kartalı'' 1972
* ''Acı Zafer'' 1972
* ''Aşk Fırtınası'' 1972
* ''Fatma Bacı'' 1972
* ''Kızın Varsa Derdin Var'' 1973
* ''Cennetin Kapısı'' 1973
* ''Sultan Gelin'' 1973
* V''urun Kahpeye'' 1973
* ''Yedi Evlat İki Damat'' 1973
* ''Aşk-ı Memnu'' 1975
* ''Arabulucular'' / ''The Intercessors'' 1977
* ''Yaşam Kavgası'' 1978
* ''Yorgun Savaşçı'' 1979
* ''Leyla İle Mecnun'' 1982
* ''O Kadın'' 1982
* ''Beyaz Ölüm'' 1983
* ''İhtiras Fırtınası'' 1983
* ''Alev Alev'' 1984
* ''Ölüm Yolu'' 1985
* ''Paramparça'' 1985
* ''Son Darbe'' (2) 1985
* ''Kıskıvrak'' 1986
* ''Teyzem'' 1986
* ''Yarın Ağlayacağım'' 1986
* ''Kızımın Kanı'' 1987
* ''Kurtar Beni'' 1987
* ''Kızım Ve Ben'' 1988
* ''Hanım'' 1988
* ''Karılar Koğuşu'' 1989
* ''İki Yabancı'' 1990
* ''Zirvedekiler'' 1993
* ''Köpekler Adası'' 1996
* ''Affet Bizi Hocam'' 1998
* ''Kerem'' 1999
* ''Affet Beni Hocam'' 2000
* ''Zeynep Öğretmen'' 2000
* ''Gelinlik Kız'' 2000
* ''Sara ile Musa'' 2000
* ''Midasın Düşü'' 2000
* ''Gençlik'' 2000


==Plot summary==
== Producer ==
{{spoiler}}
''The Glass Bead Game'' takes place during the 23rd century. The setting is a fictional province of central Europe called Castalia, reserved by political decision for the life of the mind; technology and economic life are kept to a strict minimum. Hesse mentions the political violence of the 20th century in passing, but his main critique of that century is encapsulated by his dismissive name for it: the Age of the [[Feuilleton]], an intellectually superficial and decadent period, when [[middle brow]] journalism replaced serious reading and reflection.


* ''Yaşamak Hakkımdır'' 1958
Castalia is home to a [[monastic]] order of [[intellectual]]s with a twofold mission: to run boarding schools for boys (the novel is thus a detailed exploration of education and the life of the mind), and to nurture and play the Glass Bead Game (see below).
* ''İstanbul'un Kızları'' 1964
* ''Canım Sana Feda'' 1965
* ''İki Yabancı'' 1990


== Screenwriter ==
The novel chronicles the life of a distinguished member of the order, Joseph Knecht (the surname translates as "servant" or "farm hand"), as narrated by a fictional historian of the order. Hence the novel is an example of a [[Bildungsroman]]. At any given time, the member of the order deemed the best Game player is honored with the title ''Magister Ludi''.


* ''Yaşamak Hakkımdır'' 1958
Polarities lie at the heart of the work, as is commonly the case in Hesse's novels. Two relationships are of particular interest, that of Knecht with his teacher, the learned monk Father Jacobus, and with his best friend at the boarding school run by the order, Plinio Designori, the scion of a rich family. At the end of their school days, Knecht, representing [[aestheticism]] and the Life of the Mind, joins the order, while Designori returns to the world. He embodies a failed reconciliation between mind and world.
* ''Ala Geyik'' 1959
* ''Karacaoğlan'ın Kara Sevdası'' 1959
* ''Suçlu'' 1960
* ''Mahallenin Sevgilisi'' 1960
* ''Ölüm Peşimizde'' 1960
* ''Kırık Çanaklar'' 1960
* ''Avare Mustafa'' 1961
* ''Seviştiğimiz Günler'' 1961
* ''Yasak Aşk'' 1961
* ''Güneş Doğmasın'' 1961
* ''Şafak Bekçileri'' 1963
* ''Yavaş Gel Güzelim'' 1963
* ''İstanbul'un Kızları'' 1964
* ''Şehrazat'' 1964
* ''Gurbet Kuşları'' 1964
* ''Güneşe Giden'' Yol 1965
* ''Kırık Hayatlar'' 1965
* ''Haremde Dört Kadın'' 1965
* ''Yasak Sokaklar'' 1965
* ''Karakolda Ayna Var'' 1966
* ''Aslan Pençesi'' 1966
* ''Can Yoldaşları'' 1966
* ''Üç Korkusuz Arkadaş'' 1966
* ''Erkek Ve Dişi'' 1966
* ''Kanlı Hayat'' 1967
* ''Kız Kolunda Damga Var'' 1967
* ''Aslan Yürekli Kabadayı'' 1967
* ''Yaprak Dökümü'' 1967
* ''Son Gece'' 1967
* ''Bir Türk'e Gönül Verdim'' 1969
* ''Yaşamak Ne Güzel Şey'' 1969
* ''Atsız Cengaver'' 1970
* ''Ali Cengiz Oyunu'' 1971
* ''Acı Zafer'' 1972
* ''Aşk Fırtınası'' 1972
* ''Çöl Kartalı'' 1972
* ''Sultan Gelin'' 1973
* ''Aşk-ı Memnu'' 1975
* ''Yaşam Kavgası'' 1978
* ''Son Darbe'' (2) 1985
* ''Kurtar Beni'' 1987
* ''Arkadaşım Şeytan'' 1988
* ''Hanım'' 1988
* ''Karılar Koğuşu'' 1989
* ''İki Yabancı'' 1990
* ''Köpekler Adası'' 1996
* ''Kerem'' 1999
* ''Cumbadan Rumbaya'' 2005


==References==
In his introduction to ''[[Demian]]'', [[Thomas Mann]] likened his relation with Hesse to that of Knecht and Jacobus, adding that their knowledge of each other was not possible without much ceremony. Mann extrapolates on Hesse's observance of Oriental customs in the novel. The ''Glass Bead Game'' manifests Hesse's enduring dream of combining East with West. For example, the discipline of the imaginary monastic community includes breathing and [[meditation]] techniques of clear Oriental inspiration.
{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Refig, Halit}}
Castalia is an [[Ivory Tower]], an ethereal protected community within a larger nation, devoted to pure intellectual pursuits, and oblivious to the problems posed by life outside its boundaries. Knecht gradually comes to doubt whether the intellectually gifted have a right to withdraw from life's big problems. He eventually concludes that they do not, and that conclusion precipitates a sort of midlife crisis. Accordingly, he does the unthinkable: he resigns as Magister Ludi and asks to leave the order, ostensibly to become of value and service, in some way, to the larger culture. A few days later, he drowns in a mountain lake, while attempting a swim for which he was not fit. Tragically, living in Castalia made Knecht unfit for life in the world. Hesse also makes an [[existentialist]] point: faced with a dilemma, Knecht opts for the world and not the ivory tower.
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Turkish film directors]]
[[Category:Turkish film producers]]
[[Category:Turkish screenwriters]]
[[Category:Robert College alumni]]
[Category:Golden Orange winners]]


{{Turkey-bio-stub}}
Many characters in the novel have names that are allusive word games. For example, Knecht's predecessor as Magister Ludi was Thomas van der Trave, a veiled reference to [[Thomas Mann]] who was born in [[Lübeck]], situated on the Trave River. Father Jacobus is based on the novelist [[Jakob Wassermann]]. The character of Carlo Ferromonte is a punning reference to Hesse's nephew Karl Isenberg.
{{film-director-stub}}

==Central characters==
*Joseph Knecht: The central character of the book. The Magister Ludi for most of the book.
*The Music Master: Knecht's spiritual mentor who when Knecht is a child examines him for entrance into the elite schools of Castalia.
* Plinio Designori: Knecht's antithesis in the world outside.
*Father Jacobus: Knecht's antithesis in faith.
*Elder Brother: A former Castalian and student of Chinese.
*Thomas van der Trave: Joseph Knecht's predecessor as Magister Ludi.
*Fritz Tegularius: A friend of Knecht's but a portent of what Castalians might become if they remain insular.

==Hesse's Glass Bead Game==
At the center of the monastic order lies the (fictitious) glass bead [[game]], whose exact nature remains elusive. The precise rules of the game are only alluded to, and are so sophisticated that they are not easy to imagine. Suffice it to say that playing the Game well requires years of hard study of music, mathematics, and cultural history. Essentially the game is an abstract [[synthesis]] of all arts and scholarship. It proceeds by players making deep connections between seemingly unrelated topics. For example, a [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] [[concerto]] may be related to a mathematical [[formula]]. One [http://www.sfhreview.com/workingpapers/?p=1 description] says:

''“Theoretically,” writes the Narrator Archivist, “this instrument is capable of producing in the Game the entire intellectual content of the universe. The manuals, pedal, and stops are now fixed. Changes in their number and order and attempts at perfecting them, are actually no longer feasible except in theory.” And with this statement, he reveals the limitations of the game: its elitism, its hubris, its stagnation, and its sterility.In its infancy, the Game was played with delicate glass beads, which have since been discarded as too . . . real? They connected the Game with the spiritual beads played by religious believers worldwide, as the robes, and secret language, and ceremonial trappings of the game form a mock religious experience in the time of the Narrator Archivist. Without them, the game flies into the ether without a tether to reality. In our world, prayer beads and the repetition of simple phrases serve as keys to transcendence. In Castalia, they are discarded and the key is lost. The Narrator Archivist makes no reference to the ecstatic states that might be achieved by Glass Bead Game players. The games as he describes them in Knecht’s time (the twenty-second century) and his own (the twenty-fourth century) apparently fall short of what seems the obvious goal.''

The Game derives its name from the fact that it was originally played with tokens, perhaps analogous to those of an [[abacus]] or the game [[go (board game)|Go]]. At the time that the novel takes place, such props had become obsolete and the game is played only with abstract, spoken formulas. The audience's appreciation of a good game draws on its appreciation of both [[music]] and mathematical [[elegance]].

The Glass Bead Game also brings to mind [[Leibniz]]'s notion of a universal [[calculus]] and his dream of a [[Mathesis universalis]]. [[Douglas Hofstadter]]'s ''[[Gödel, Escher, Bach]]'', even though it does not mention Hesse's novel, is an intellectual exercise very much in the spirit of the Game.

However rather as being seen as a purely intellectual or rational notion it is more likely the glass bead game includes more [[Existential]] elements. As Hesse's other works (such as Steppenwolf for example) draw strongly on [[Existential]] themes it is likely that the glass bead game refers to the way in which people construct their realities. That is to say that the glass bead game is in fact life or existence and it illustrates the ways that people position not just themselves material but how they construct their entire perception of reality. As one needs to understand reality before one can deliberately allocate it this is the reference to the years of study.

==Allusions/references from other works==
* The [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] band [[Igra Staklenih Perli]], and their [[eponym|eponymous]] record, was named after the book.[http://www.progarchives.com/Progressive_rock_discography_BAND.asp?band_id=1614]

== See also ==
*[[Hermann Hesse]]
* [[Existentialism]]
* [[Jorge Luis Borges]]
* [[Epistemology]]
* [[Noosphere]]
* [[Ontology]]
* [[Polysemy]]
* [[Rithmomachy]]
* [[Syncretism]]
* [[Efforts to Create A Glass Bead Game]]

== References ==
* Hermann Hesse. ''The Glass Bead Game''. Vintage Classics. ISBN 0-09-928362-X

{{Hermann Hesse}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.ludism.org/gbgwiki/ Glass Bead Game Wiki.] Links to efforts at developing a Glass Bead Game.
* [http://www.erpmusic.com/Glasperlenspiel.htm Glasperlenspiel Festival.]
* [http://glassplategame.org/ Details] of Dunbar Aitkens' "conversation in the trappings of a board game."
* [http://www.beadgaming.com/pageindex.html On the hipbone metaphor.]
* [http://www36.pair.com/waldzell/GBG/index.html The most complex of the attempts to create a real-life Glass Bead Game.]
* http://www.joshuafost.com/glassbeadgame/ A Semantic Web instantiation with examples from symbolism in Pulp Fiction.
* http://kennexions.ludism.org/ A link to Ron Hale-Evans' Kennexions game.
* http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/%7Etas3/wtc/ii21.html Timothy A. Smith's Shockwave movie analyzing a Bach fugue with visual symbols.
* http://log24.com/theory/kal/ Kaleidoscope Puzzle with symbols like those in Smith's movie.
* http://www.spookybug.com/bgirls/pif.html The Gospel of Pif: A playable variation on the glass bead game
* http://www.island.org/ive/1/leary1.html Huxley, Hesse and The Cybernetic Society

[[Category:1943 novels|Glass Bead Game]]
[[Category:German novels|Glass Bead Game]]
[[Category:Fictional games|Glass Bead Game]]

[[de:Das Glasperlenspiel]]
[[fr:Le Jeu des perles de verre]]
[[it:Il gioco delle perle di vetro]]
[[ja:ガラス玉演戯]]
[[nl:kralenspel]]
[[ru:Игра в бисер]]
[[fi:Lasihelmipeli]]

Revision as of 17:47, 14 July 2007

Halit Refiğ, born in İzmir in 1934, is a renowned Turkish film director, film producer and screenwriter. He graduated from Şişli Terakki High School in 1951. After high school, he attended Robert College of Istanbul. He directed his first film as an animator in Korea, Japan and Ceylon. He entered the movie world as Atıf Yılmaz's assistant in 1957. He began his career as director with Forbidden Love in 1960. He has made about 60 films including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. His films have represented Turkey in various festival and shows abroad.

Filmography

  • Seviştiğimiz Günler 1961
  • Yasak Aşk 1961
  • Şehirdeki Yabancı 1962
  • Gençlik Hülyaları 1962
  • Şafak Bekçileri 1963
  • Gurbet Kuşları 1964
  • Şehrazat 1964
  • Evcilik Oyunu 1964
  • İstanbul'un Kızları 1964
  • Canım Sana Feda 1965
  • Güneşe Giden Yol 1965
  • Haremde Dört Kadın (Film) 1965
  • Kırık Hayatlar 1965
  • Aslan Pençesi 1966
  • Erkek Ve Dişi 1966
  • Üç Korkusuz Arkadaş 1966
  • Karakolda Ayna Var 1966
  • Can Yoldaşları 1966
  • Kız Kolunda Damga Var 1967
  • Bir Türk'e Gönül Verdim 1969
  • Yaşamak Ne Güzel Şey 1969
  • Atsız Cengaver 1970
  • Sevmek Ve Ölmek Zamanı 1971
  • Ali Cengiz Oyunu 1971
  • Çöl Kartalı 1972
  • Acı Zafer 1972
  • Aşk Fırtınası 1972
  • Fatma Bacı 1972
  • Kızın Varsa Derdin Var 1973
  • Cennetin Kapısı 1973
  • Sultan Gelin 1973
  • Vurun Kahpeye 1973
  • Yedi Evlat İki Damat 1973
  • Aşk-ı Memnu 1975
  • Arabulucular / The Intercessors 1977
  • Yaşam Kavgası 1978
  • Yorgun Savaşçı 1979
  • Leyla İle Mecnun 1982
  • O Kadın 1982
  • Beyaz Ölüm 1983
  • İhtiras Fırtınası 1983
  • Alev Alev 1984
  • Ölüm Yolu 1985
  • Paramparça 1985
  • Son Darbe (2) 1985
  • Kıskıvrak 1986
  • Teyzem 1986
  • Yarın Ağlayacağım 1986
  • Kızımın Kanı 1987
  • Kurtar Beni 1987
  • Kızım Ve Ben 1988
  • Hanım 1988
  • Karılar Koğuşu 1989
  • İki Yabancı 1990
  • Zirvedekiler 1993
  • Köpekler Adası 1996
  • Affet Bizi Hocam 1998
  • Kerem 1999
  • Affet Beni Hocam 2000
  • Zeynep Öğretmen 2000
  • Gelinlik Kız 2000
  • Sara ile Musa 2000
  • Midasın Düşü 2000
  • Gençlik 2000

Producer

  • Yaşamak Hakkımdır 1958
  • İstanbul'un Kızları 1964
  • Canım Sana Feda 1965
  • İki Yabancı 1990

Screenwriter

  • Yaşamak Hakkımdır 1958
  • Ala Geyik 1959
  • Karacaoğlan'ın Kara Sevdası 1959
  • Suçlu 1960
  • Mahallenin Sevgilisi 1960
  • Ölüm Peşimizde 1960
  • Kırık Çanaklar 1960
  • Avare Mustafa 1961
  • Seviştiğimiz Günler 1961
  • Yasak Aşk 1961
  • Güneş Doğmasın 1961
  • Şafak Bekçileri 1963
  • Yavaş Gel Güzelim 1963
  • İstanbul'un Kızları 1964
  • Şehrazat 1964
  • Gurbet Kuşları 1964
  • Güneşe Giden Yol 1965
  • Kırık Hayatlar 1965
  • Haremde Dört Kadın 1965
  • Yasak Sokaklar 1965
  • Karakolda Ayna Var 1966
  • Aslan Pençesi 1966
  • Can Yoldaşları 1966
  • Üç Korkusuz Arkadaş 1966
  • Erkek Ve Dişi 1966
  • Kanlı Hayat 1967
  • Kız Kolunda Damga Var 1967
  • Aslan Yürekli Kabadayı 1967
  • Yaprak Dökümü 1967
  • Son Gece 1967
  • Bir Türk'e Gönül Verdim 1969
  • Yaşamak Ne Güzel Şey 1969
  • Atsız Cengaver 1970
  • Ali Cengiz Oyunu 1971
  • Acı Zafer 1972
  • Aşk Fırtınası 1972
  • Çöl Kartalı 1972
  • Sultan Gelin 1973
  • Aşk-ı Memnu 1975
  • Yaşam Kavgası 1978
  • Son Darbe (2) 1985
  • Kurtar Beni 1987
  • Arkadaşım Şeytan 1988
  • Hanım 1988
  • Karılar Koğuşu 1989
  • İki Yabancı 1990
  • Köpekler Adası 1996
  • Kerem 1999
  • Cumbadan Rumbaya 2005

References

[Category:Golden Orange winners]]

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