History of pizza and User talk:LEO LEO MADGE: Difference between pages
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
You've uploaded an unsourced image |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Thank you for experimenting with {{{{{subst|}}}#if:Carrie Underwood discography|the page [[:Carrie Underwood discography]] on}} Wikipedia{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{diff|}}}| as you did with [{{{diff}}} this edit]}}. Your test worked, and it has been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. Please use [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|the sandbox]] for any other tests you may want to do. Take a look at the [[Wikipedia:Introduction|welcome page]] to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia.<!-- Template:Test (first level warning) --> - [[User:Ericorbit|eo]] 20:05, 2 November 2007 (UTC) |
|||
==Origins== |
|||
:{{{icon|[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] }}}Please do not add content without [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing]] [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|reliable sources]]{{{{{subst|}}}#if:Backstreet Boys discography|, as you did to [[:Backstreet Boys discography]]}}. Before making potentially controversial edits, it is recommended that you discuss them first on the article's talk page. If you are familiar with [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]] please take this opportunity to add your original reference to the article. Contact me if you need assistance adding references. {{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}}<!-- Template:uw-unsourced2 --> - [[User:Ericorbit|eo]] 20:06, 2 November 2007 (UTC) |
|||
[[Image:focaccia.png|thumb|300px|right|Focaccia: an ancient Mediterranean flatbread.]][[Bread]] is one of humankind’s oldest prepared foods and dates back at least to the [[neolithic]]. Records of people adding other ingredients to bread to make it more flavoursome can be found throughout ancient history. The Ancient Greeks, for example, had a flat bread called "plakuntos" which was flavoured with various toppings like herbs, onion and garlic. It is also said that soldiers of the Persian King, [citation needed] [[Darius the Great]] (521-486 B.C.) baked a kind of bread flat upon their shields and then covered it with cheese and dates and in the [[1st century BC]], [[Virgil]] refers to the ancient idea of bread as an edible plate or “trencher” for other foods in this extract from the [[Aeneid]]: |
|||
==Image tagging for Image:Brandy1.jpg== |
|||
Thanks for uploading '''[[:Image:Brandy1.jpg]]'''. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well. |
|||
For more information on using images, see the following pages: |
|||
:''Their homely fare dispatch’d, the hungry band'' |
|||
* [[Wikipedia:Image use policy]] |
|||
:''Invade their trenchers next, and soon devour,'' |
|||
* [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]] |
|||
:''To mend the scanty meal, their cakes of flour.'' |
|||
:''Ascanius this observ’d, and smiling said:'' |
|||
:''“See, we devour the plates on which we fed.”'' |
|||
This is an automated notice by [[User:OrphanBot|OrphanBot]]. For assistance on the image use policy, see [[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]]. 20:07, 2 November 2007 (UTC) |
|||
These flatbreads, like pizza, are from the [[Mediterranean]] area and other examples of flat breads that survive to this day from the ancient mediterranean world are "[[focaccia]]" which may date back as far as the Ancient [[Etruscans]], ''coca'' (which has sweet and savory varieties) from [[Catalonia]] and the [[Balearic Islands]], the [[Greeks|Greek]] "[[Pita]]" and related Turkish "[[Pide]]"[http://www.hitit.co.uk/foodrink/pide.html]. Similar flat breads in other parts of the world include the Indian "[[Paratha]]" and the German "[[Flammkuchen]]". |
|||
For much of the 20th century, many Chinese erroneously believed [[pizza]] is an evolution of Chinese [[green onion pancake]], brought back to Italy by [[Marco Polo]]. Chinese opinions on pizza's invention often run along lines like this: <blockquote>Marco Polo missed green onion pancakes so much that when he was back in Italy, he tried to find chefs willing to make the pancake for him. One day, he managed to meet a chef from [[Naples]] at a friend's dinner party and persuaded him to try recreating the dish. After half a day without success, Marco Polo suggested the filling be put at the top rather than inside the dough. The change, by chance, created a dish praised by everyone at the party. The chefs returned to Naples and improvised by adding cheese and other ingredients and formed today's pizza. <ref>Xinhua, 12 September 2007, ''Pizza and Ice-cream: The Chinese Deliacies Marco Polo Brought Back to the West (Chinese)'' http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/overseas/2007-09/12/content_6707259.htm</ref></blockquote> The belief has since been dissipated in places like [[Hong Kong]] where people have gained awareness of the existence of [[focaccia]], but is still extremely prevalent in some Chinese settlements such as mainland [[China]]. |
|||
==The Pizza and Naples== |
|||
[[Image:Pizzeria_Port_Alba.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Antica Pizzeria Port 'Alba in Naples - probably the world's first pizzeria.]]The innovation which gave us the particular flat bread we call “pizza” was the use of [[tomato]] as a topping. For some time after the tomato was brought to [[Europe]] from the Americas in the [[16th century]], it was believed by many Europeans to be poisonous (as were some other fruits of the [[nightshade]] family). However, by the late [[18th century]] it was common for the poor of the area around [[Naples]] to add tomato to their yeast-based flat bread, and so the pizza was born. The dish gained in popularity, and soon Pizza became a tourist attraction as visitors to Naples ventured into the poorer areas of the city in order to try the local specialty. |
|||
Until about 1830, pizza was sold from open-air stands and street vendors out of pizza bakeries. Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba in Naples is widely regarded as the world's first pizzeria. They started producing pizzas for peddlers in [[1738]] but expanded to a pizza restaurant with chairs and tables in [[1830]], and still serve pizza from the same premises today. |
|||
A description of pizza in Naples around 1830 is given by the French writer and food expert [[Alexandre Dumas, père]] in his work ''Le Corricolo'', Chapter VIII <ref>http://www.dumaspere.com/pages/biblio/chapitre.php?lid=v4&cid=9</ref>. He writes that pizza was the only food of the humble people in Naples during winter, and that "in Naples pizza is flavored with oil, lard, tallow, cheese, tomato, or anchovies". |
|||
[[Image:Authentic_Neapolitan_Pizza_Marinara.jpg|thumb|310px|right|Authentic Neapolitan Pizza Marinara. <ref>http://www.pizzanapoletana.org</ref>]]The Neapolitans take their pizza very seriously. Purists, like the famous pizzeria “Da Michele” in Via C.Sersale (founded: 1870)[http://www.damichele.net/] consider there to be only two true pizzas – the “Marinara” and the “Margherita” and that is all they serve. The Marinara is the oldest and has a topping of tomato, [[oregano]], [[garlic]], [[extra virgin olive oil]] and usually [[basil]]. It was named “Marinara” not, as many believe, because it has seafood on it (it doesn't) but because it was the food the fishermen ate when they returned home from fishing trips in the Bay of Naples. The Margherita is attributed to baker [[Raffaele Esposito]]. Esposito worked at the pizzeria "Pietro... e basta così" (literally "Peter... and that's enough" which was established in [[1780]] and is still operating under the name "Pizzeria Brandi" <ref>[http://www.brandi.it/inglese/index3.html pizzeria Brandi] </ref>). In [[1889]], he baked three different pizzas<ref name="amherit">http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2006/2/2006_2_30.shtml American Pie, an April/May 2006 article from ''[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]]''</ref> for the visit of King [[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]] and Queen [[Margherita of Savoy]]. The Queen's favorite was a pizza evoking the colors of the Italian flag – green ([[basil]] leaves), white ([[mozzarella]]), and red ([[tomato|tomatoes]]). This combination was named Pizza Margherita in her honor although the proprietors of Pizzeria Antica Port‘Alba maintain that the pizza Margherita had been around for a long time before it was named “Margherita” by Pizzeria Brandi. |
|||
The "Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana" <ref> http://www.pizzanapoletana.org/ www.pizzanapoletana.org]</ref>("True Neapolitan Pizza Association"), which was founded in 1984 and only recognises the Marinara and Margherita verace, has set the very specific rules that must be followed for an authentic Neapolitan pizza. These include that the pizza must be baked in a wood-fired, domed oven at 485C for no more than 60 to 90 seconds; that the base must be hand-kneaded and must not be rolled with a pin or prepared by any mechanical means and that the pizza must not exceed 35 cm in diameter or be more than a third of a cm thick at the centre. There are many famous pizzerias in Naples where these traditional pizzas can be found like Da Michele, Port'Alba, Brandi, Di Matteo, Sorbillo, Trianon and Luigi Lombardi Di Santa Chiara, Umberto (founded: 1916)[http://www.umberto.it/]. Most of them are centred on the ancient historical centre of Naples. These pizzerias will go even further than the specified rules by, for example, only using "San Marzano" tomatoes grown on the slopes of [[Mount Vesuvius]] and only drizzling the olive oil in a clockwise direction. Another addition to the rules is the use of basil on the pizza marinara - it's not in the "official" recipe but it is added by most Neapolitan pizzerias. |
|||
The pizza bases in Naples are soft and pliable but in Rome they prefer a thin and crispy base. Another popular form of pizza in Italy is "pizza al taglio" which is pizza baked in rectangular trays with a wide variety of toppings and sold by weight. |
|||
==Pizza in the United States== |
|||
[[Image:Lombardi-pizza.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Lombardi's]] Pizza at 32 Spring Street in [[Little Italy, Manhattan]]]] |
|||
Pizza first made its appearance in the United States with the arrival of Italian immigrants in the late 19th century. This was certainly the case in cities with large Italian populations, such as [[San Francisco]], [[Chicago]], [[New York City]], and [[Philadelphia]] where pizza was first sold on the streets of Italian neighborhoods. In late 19th century Chicago for example, pizza was introduced by a peddler who walked up and down Taylor Street with a metal washtub of pizzas on his head, crying his wares at two cents a chew. This was the traditional way pizza used to be sold in Naples, in copper cylindrical drums with false bottoms that were packed with charcoal from the oven to keep the pizzas hot. It wasn't long until small cafes and groceries began offering pizzas to their Italian-American communities. |
|||
The first "official" pizzeria in America is disputable, but it is generally believed to have been founded by [[Gennaro Lombardi]] in [[Little Italy, Manhattan]]. Gennaro Lombardi opened a grocery store in 1897 which later was established as the first pizzeria in America in 1905 with New York's issuance of the mercantile license. An employee of his, Antonio Totonno Pero, began making pizza for the store to sell that same year. The price for an entire pizza was five cents, but since many people couldn't afford the cost of a whole pie, they could instead say how much they could pay and they were given a slice corresponding to the amount offered. In 1924, Totonno left Lombardi's to open his own pizzeria on [[Coney Island]] called Totonno's. While the original [[Lombardi's]] closed its doors in 1984, it was reopened in 1994 just down the street and is run by Lombardi's grandson.<ref>{{cite news | first=Eric | last=Asimov | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03E6D8153AF933A25755C0A96E958260&sec=travel&pagewanted=all |
|||
| title=New York Pizza, the Real Thing, Makes a Comeback |
|||
| work=New York Times | page= | date=[[1998-06-10]] | accessdate=2006-09-24}}</ref> |
|||
Pizza was brought to the [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]] area of [[New Jersey]] very early as well with Joe's Tomato Pies opening in 1910 followed soon by Papa's Tomato Pies in 1912. [http://www.sliceny.com/archives/2006/02/a_slice_of_heaven_american_pizza_timeline.php] In 1936, Delorenzo's Tomato Pies was opened. While Joe's Tomato Pies has recently closed, both Papa's and Delorenzo's have been run by the same families since their openings and remain among the most popular pizza's in the area. [[Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana]] in [[New Haven]], [[Connecticut]], was another early pizzeria which opened in 1925 which is famous for its New Haven style Clam Pie. Frank Pepe's nephew Sal Consiglio opened a competing store, Sally's, across the street in 1938. Both establishments are still run by descendents of the original family. When Sal died, over 2000 people attended his wake, and the New York Times ran a half-page memoriam. The D'Amore family introduced pizza to [[Los Angeles]] in [[1939]]. [http://eatingla.blogspot.com/2006/05/new-farmers-market-guide_28.html] [http://patsydamore.com] |
|||
Prior to the 1940s pizza consumption was limited mostly to Italian Immigrants and their descendants. The international breakthrough came after [[World War II]]. Allied troops occupying Italy, weary of their rations, were constantly on the lookout for good food. They discovered the pizzeria, and local bakers were hard pressed to satisfy the demand from the soldiers. The American troops involved in the Italian campaign took their appreciation for the dish back home, touted by "veterans ranging from the lowliest private to [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]". |
|||
According to an article in ''[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]]''<ref name="amherit" />, the modern pizza industry was born in the [[Midwestern United States]]. Ric Riccardo pioneered what became known as the [[Chicago-style pizza|deep dish pizza]] when, in [[1943]], he and Ike Sewell opened [[Pizzeria Uno]] in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], and a generation later, [[Tom Monaghan]] launched what soon became known as [[Domino's Pizza]], credited by some for popularizing free [[Pizza delivery|home delivery]]<ref name="amherit" />. |
|||
In 1948, the first commercial pizza-pie mix — ‘Roman Pizza Mix‘ — was produced in Worcester, Mass., by Frank A. Fiorillo. |
|||
With its rising popularity, chain restaurants moved in. Leading early pizza chains were [[Shakey's Pizza]], founded in 1954 in [[Sacramento]], [[California]], and [[Pizza Hut]], founded in 1958 in [[Wichita]], [[Kansas]]. Later entrant restaurant chains to the dine-in pizza market were [[Bertucci's]], [[Happy Joe's]], [[California Pizza Kitchen]], [[Godfather's Pizza]], and [[Round Table (restaurant)|Round Table Pizza]]. |
|||
Today, the American pizza business is dominated by companies that specialize in pizza delivery. Besides Domino's, this includes [[Little Caesar's]], [[Papa John's Pizza]], Giordano's Pizza, Pizza Ranch, [[Mazzio's]] and Godfather's Pizza. Pizza Hut has also shifted its emphasis away from pizza parlors and toward home delivery. Another recent development is the [[take and bake pizzeria]], such as [[Papa Murphy's]], at which raw pizzas are made from fresh ingredients and taken home to be baked in the customers' own ovens. |
|||
==Etymology== |
|||
The first recorded use of the word "pizza" dates from 997 AD and comes from a Latin text from the town of Gaeta in Southern Italy [http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html]. The origins of the word are uncertain and disputed but there are 5 main theories: |
|||
*1. It derives from an [[Old High German]] word “bizzo” or “pizzo” meaning “mouthful” (related to the English words “bit” and “bite”) and was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading [[Lombards]]. <ref>[http://www.garzantilinguistica.it Garzanti Online dictionary of the Italian Language, ''sub voce'']</ref>. This is the origin favoured by the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] though they state that it remains unattested [http://www.oed.com/]. |
|||
*2. It derives from the Latin word “pinsa”, the past participle of the verb “pinsere” which means to pound or to crush and refers to the flattening out of the dough. |
|||
*3. It derives from the Italian word “pizzicare” meaning “to pluck” and refers to pizza being “plucked” quickly from the oven (“Pizzicare” was derived from an older Italian word "pizzo" meaning “point”). |
|||
*4. It derives from the Latin word “picea” which describes the blackening of bread in the oven or the black ash that gathers at the bottom of the oven. |
|||
*5. The word pita (as פיתא) exists in the Aramaic of the Babylonian Talmud, referring to bread in general, tracing the word to a cognate for pine pitch, which forms flat layers that may resemble pita bread. |
|||
==See also== |
|||
* [[Poop]] |
|||
* [[Calzone]] |
|||
* [[Focaccia]] |
|||
* [[Tomato pie]] |
|||
* [[Pizza delivery]] |
|||
==External links== |
|||
* [http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Pizza/PizzaHistory.htm What's Cooking America - History of Foods - Pizza] |
|||
== References == |
|||
<references/> |
|||
[[Category:History of food and drink|Pizza]] |
|||
[[Category:Pizza]] |
|||
[[es:Historia de la pizza]] |
|||
Revision as of 20:07, 2 November 2007
Thank you for experimenting with the page Carrie Underwood discography on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you may want to do. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. - eo 20:05, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
Please do not add content without citing reliable sources, as you did to Backstreet Boys discography. Before making potentially controversial edits, it is recommended that you discuss them first on the article's talk page. If you are familiar with Wikipedia:Citing sources please take this opportunity to add your original reference to the article. Contact me if you need assistance adding references. Thank you. - eo 20:06, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
Image tagging for Image:Brandy1.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Brandy1.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.
For more information on using images, see the following pages:
This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Wikipedia:Media copyright questions. 20:07, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
