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One cannot say 'the hantavirus'. Peromyscus species can carry one of a few hantaviruses. P. maniculatus carries Sin Nombre virus, which is a hantavirus.
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The genus '''''Peromyscus''''' contains the animal species commonly referred to as '''deer mice'''. This is a genus of [[New World mouse]] only distantly related to the common house mouse and laboratory mouse, ''[[Mus musculus]]''. Although superficially resembling ''Mus musculus'', ''Peromyscus'' have relatively larger eyes, and also often two-tone coloring, with darker colors over the dorsum (back), and white abdominal and limb hair-coloring. In reference to the coloring, the word ''Peromyscus'' comes from Greek words meaning "booted mouse".<ref name="Crossland"/>
The genus '''''Peromyscus''''' contains the animal species commonly referred to as '''deer mice'''. This genus of [[New World mouse|New World mice]] is only distantly related to the common house mouse and laboratory mouse, ''[[Mus musculus]]''. Although superficially resembling ''Mus musculus'', ''Peromyscus'' species have relatively larger eyes, and also often two-tone coloring, with darker colors over the dorsum (back), and white abdominal and limb hair-coloring. In reference to the coloring, the word ''Peromyscus'' comes from Greek words meaning "booted mouse".<ref name="Crossland"/>


They are also accomplished jumpers and runners by comparison to house mice, and their common name of "deer mouse" (coined 1833) is in reference to this agility.<ref>http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/deer%20mouse Deer mouse etymology from Merriam-Webster. Accessed June 11, 2010.</ref>
They are also accomplished jumpers and runners by comparison to house mice, and their common name of "deer mouse" (coined in 1833) is in reference to this agility.<ref>http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/deer%20mouse Deer mouse etymology from Merriam-Webster. Accessed June 11, 2010.</ref>


The most common species of deer mice in the continental [[United States]] are two closely related species, ''[[Peromyscus maniculatus|P. maniculatus]]'', and ''[[Peromyscus leucopus|P. leucopus]]''. In the United States, ''Peromyscus'' is the most populous [[mammal]]ian [[genus]] overall, and has become notorious in the western [[United States]] as a carrier of [[hantaviruses]].<ref name="cdc.gov">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/virology.htm</ref><ref>http://www.sc.edu/research/pdf/Bioengineering.pdf</ref>
The most common species of deer mice in the continental [[United States]] are two closely related species, ''[[Peromyscus maniculatus|P. maniculatus]]'', and ''[[Peromyscus leucopus|P. leucopus]]''. In the United States, ''Peromyscus'' is the most populous [[mammal]]ian [[genus]] overall, and has become notorious in the western [[United States]] as a carrier of [[hantaviruses]].<ref name="cdc.gov">http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/virology.htm</ref><ref>http://www.sc.edu/research/pdf/Bioengineering.pdf</ref>


There is a different [[mammal]] by the name of "[[Mouse Deer]]", a relatively primitive [[ungulate]] of minuscule size.
A different [[mammal]], the "[[mouse deer]]", is a relatively primitive [[ungulate]] of minuscule size.


== Vector of human disease ==
== Vector of human disease ==
Line 32: Line 32:


=== Lyme disease ===
=== Lyme disease ===
A recent study in British Columbia, of 218 Deer mice showed that 30% (66) were seropositive for [[B. burgdorferi]],<ref>[http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/08vol34/dr-rm3401a-eng.php Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR)&nbsp;– Vol.34 CCDR-01&nbsp;– Public Health Agency of Canada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the agent of [[Lyme disease]].
A recent study in British Columbia of 218 deer mice showed 30% (66) were seropositive for ''[[B. burgdorferi]]'',<ref>[http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/08vol34/dr-rm3401a-eng.php Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR)&nbsp;– Vol.34 CCDR-01&nbsp;– Public Health Agency of Canada<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the agent of [[Lyme disease]].


=== Other diseases ===
=== Other diseases ===
Line 38: Line 38:


== Use as a laboratory animal ==
== Use as a laboratory animal ==
While wild populations are sometimes studied, Peromyscus is also easy to breed and keep in captivity, although they are more energetic and difficult to handle than the relatively more tame lab mouse ''Mus musculus''. For certain studies, Peromyscus is also favoured over the common [[laboratory mouse]] (''Mus domesticus'') and the [[laboratory rat]] ''(Rattus norvegicus) ''. Apart from their importance in studying infectious diseases, Peromyscus are useful for studying [[phylogeography]], [[speciation]], [[chromosome]]s, [[genetics]], [[ecology]], [[population genetics]], and [[evolution]] in general. They are also useful for researching repetitive movement disorders.<ref name="Joyner">Joyner CP, Myrick LC, Crossland JP, Dawson WD. Deer Mice As Laboratory Animals. ''ILAR J''. 1998 Sep;39(4):322-330.</ref><ref>Dewey, M.J. and W.D. Dawson. 2001. Deer Mice: “The Drosophila” of North American mammalogy. Genesis,
While wild populations are sometimes studied, ''Peromyscus'' is also easy to breed and keep in captivity, although they are more energetic and difficult to handle than the relatively more tame ''Mus musculus''. For certain studies, ''Peromyscus'' is also favoured over the common [[laboratory mouse]] (''Mus domesticus'') and the [[laboratory rat]] ''(Rattus norvegicus) ''. Apart from their importance in studying infectious diseases, ''Peromyscus'' species are useful for studying [[phylogeography]], [[speciation]], [[chromosome]]s, [[genetics]], [[ecology]], [[population genetics]], and [[evolution]] in general. They are also useful for researching repetitive movement disorders.<ref name="Joyner">Joyner CP, Myrick LC, Crossland JP, Dawson WD. Deer Mice As Laboratory Animals. ''ILAR J''. 1998 Sep;39(4):322-330.</ref><ref>Dewey, M.J. and W.D. Dawson. 2001. Deer Mice: “The Drosophila” of North American mammalogy. Genesis,
29:105-109.</ref><ref>Mammalian models for research on aging. (1981) ISBN 978-0-309-03094-6 [http://books.google.com/books?id=x7ncKWjOj5IC&vq=mastomys&dq=gerbil&lr=&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_navlinks_s Google Books]</ref><ref>Linnen, C.R. et al. On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele in deer mice. ''Science''. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1095-8. PubMedID: 19713521.</ref> Their use in aging research results from the fact that Peromyscus spp., despite being of similar size to the standard laboratory mouse, have maximum life spans of 5 to 7 years, vs. the 2 to 3 year maximum life span of ad-libitum fed ''Mus musculus'' laboratory strains, or ''Mus musculus'' obtained from the wild.<ref name="Crossland" />
29:105-109.</ref><ref>Mammalian models for research on aging. (1981) ISBN 978-0-309-03094-6 [http://books.google.com/books?id=x7ncKWjOj5IC&vq=mastomys&dq=gerbil&lr=&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_navlinks_s Google Books]</ref><ref>Linnen, C.R. et al. On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele in deer mice. ''Science''. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1095-8. PubMedID: 19713521.</ref> Their use in aging research is because ''Peromyscus'' spp., despite being of similar size to the standard laboratory mouse, have maximum lifespans of five to seven years, compared to the two- to three-year maximum lifespan of ''ad libitum''-fed laboratory strains or wild-caught ''M. musculus''.<ref name="Crossland" />


[http://stkctr.biol.sc.edu/ The Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center] at the [[University of South Carolina]] was established by Professor Wallace Dawson in 1985 to raise [[animal]]s of the peromyscine species for research and educational use. This institute maintains populations of several different species (including [[Peromyscus californicus]], [[Peromyscus maniculatus]], [[Peromyscus melanophrys]], [[Peromyscus eremicus]], and [[Peromyscus aztecus]]). A variety of mutations affecting their behavior, [[biochemistry]], and the color of their coats are exhibited in these genetic lines.
[http://stkctr.biol.sc.edu/ The Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center] at the [[University of South Carolina]] was established by Professor Wallace Dawson in 1985 to raise [[animal]]s of the peromyscine species for research and educational use. This institute maintains populations of several different species (including ''[[Peromyscus californicus]], [[Peromyscus maniculatus]], [[Peromyscus melanophrys]], [[Peromyscus eremicus]]'', and ''[[Peromyscus aztecus]]''). A variety of mutations affecting their behavior, [[biochemistry]], and the color of their coats are exhibited in these genetic lines.


==Species==
==Species==
*'''''Peromyscus'''''
*'''''Peromyscus'''''
**''californicus'' group
**''californicus'' group
***California Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus californicus]]
***[[California mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. californicus''
**''eremicus'' group
**''eremicus'' group
***Cactus Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus eremicus]]''
***[[Cactus mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. eremicus''
*** Angel Island Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus guardia]]''&nbsp;– possibly extinct
*** [[Angel Island mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. guardia''&nbsp;– possibly extinct
****''Peromyscus guardia guardia''&nbsp;– last seen 1991
****''P. g. guardia''&nbsp;– last seen 1991
****''Peromyscus guardia mejiae''&nbsp;– extinct (1973)
****''P. g. mejiae''&nbsp;– extinct (1973)
****''Peromyscus guardia harbisoni''&nbsp;– extinct (1963)
****''P. g. harbisoni''&nbsp;– extinct (1963)
****''Peromyscus guardia'' subsp. indet. from Estanque Island&nbsp;– extinct (1998)
****''P. guardia'' subsp. indet. from Estanque Island&nbsp;– extinct (1998)
***San Lorenzo Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus interparietalis]]''
***[[San Lorenzo mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. interparietalis''
***Dickey's Deer Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus dickeyi]]''
***[[Dickey's deer mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. dickeyi''
***False Canyon Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus pseudocrinitus]]''
***[[False canyon mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. pseudocrinitus''
***Eva's Desert Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus eva]]''
***[[Eva's desert mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. eva''
***Burt's deer Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus caniceps]]''
***[[Burt's deer mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. caniceps''
***Mesquite Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus merriami]]''
***[[Mesquite mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. merriami''
***Pemberton's Deer Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus pembertoni]]''&nbsp;– extinct (1931)
***[[Pemberton's deer mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. pembertoni''&nbsp;– extinct (1931)
**''hooperi'' group
**''hooperi'' group
***Hooper's Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus hooperi]]''
***[[Hooper's mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. hooperi''
**''crinitus'' group
**''crinitus'' group
***Canyon Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus crinitus]]''
***[[Canyon mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. crinitus''
**''maniculatus'' group
**''maniculatus'' group
***''[[Peromyscus maniculatus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus maniculatus|P. maniculatus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus polionotus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus polionotus|P. polionotus]]''
****''Peromyscus polionotus allophrys''
****''P. p. allophrys''
****''Peromyscus polionotus ammobates''
****''P. p. ammobates''
****[[Pallid Beach Mouse]] ''Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus''&nbsp;– extinct (1959)
****[[Pallid beach mouse]] ''P. p. decoloratus''&nbsp;– extinct (1959)
****''Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus''
****''P. p. leucocephalus''
****''Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris''
****'''P. p. niveiventris''
****''Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis''
****''P. p. peninsularis''
****''[[Anastasia Island Beach Mouse|Peromyscus polionotus phasma]]''
****''[[Anastasia Island Beach Mouse]] ''P. p. phasma''
****''Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis''
****''P. p. trissyllepsis''
***Santa Cruz Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus sejugis]]''
***[[Santa Cruz mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. sejugis''
***Northwestern Deer Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus keeni]]''
***[[Northwestern deer mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. keeni''
***''[[Peromyscus sitkensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus sitkensis|P. sitkensis]]''
***Black-Eared Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus melanotis]]''
***[[Black-eared mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. melanotis''
***''[[Peromyscus slevini]]''
***''[[Peromyscus slevini|P. slevini]]''
***''[[Peromyscus nesodytes]]''
***''[[Peromyscus nesodytes|P. nesodytes]]''
**''leucopus'' group
**''leucopus'' group
***White-footed Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus leucopus]]''
***[[White-footed mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. leucopus''
***Cotton Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus gossypinus]]''
***[[Cotton mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. gossypinus''
****[[Chadwick Beach Cotton Mouse]] ''Peromyscus gossypinus restrictus''&nbsp;– extinct (1938)
****[[Chadwick Beach cotton mouse]] ''P. g. restrictus''&nbsp;– extinct (1938)
**''aztecus'' group
**''aztecus'' group
***Aztec Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus aztecus]]''
***[[Aztec mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. aztecus''
***Gleaning Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus spicilegus]]''
***[[Gleaning mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. spicilegus''
***Winkelmann's Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus winkelmanni]]''
***[[Winkelmann's mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. winkelmanni''
**''boylii'' group
**''boylii'' group
***Brush Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus boylii]]''
***[[Brush mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. boylii''
***Nimble-Footed Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus levipes]]''
***[[Nimble-footed mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. levipes''
***Schmidly's deermouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus schmidlyi]]''
***[[Schmidly's deer mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. schmidlyi]]''
***San Esteban Island Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus stephani]]''
***[[San Esteban Island mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. stephani''
***Texas Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus attwateri]]''
***[[Texas mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. attwateri''
***Nayarit Mouse&nbsp;– ''[[Peromyscus simulus]]''
***[[Nayarit mouse]]&nbsp;– ''P. simulus''
***''[[Peromyscus madrensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus madrensis|P. madrensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus pectoralis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus pectoralis|P. pectoralis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus polius]]''
***''[[Peromyscus polius|P. polius]]''
**''truei'' group
**''truei'' group
***''[[Peromyscus truei]]''
***''[[Peromyscus bullatus|P. bullatus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus gratus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus difficilis|P. difficilis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus bullatus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus gratus|P. gratus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus difficilis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus nasutus|P. nasutus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus nasutus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus truei|P. truei]]''
**''melanophrys'' group
**''melanophrys'' group
***''[[Peromyscus melanophrys]]''
***''[[Peromyscus melanophrys|P. melanophrys]]''
***''[[Peromyscus perfulvus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus mekisturus|P. mekisturus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus mekisturus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus perfulvus|P. perfulvus]]''
**''furvus'' group
**''furvus'' group
***''[[Peromyscus furvus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus furvus|P. furvus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus ochraventer]]''
***''[[Peromyscus mayensis|P. mayensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus mayensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus ochraventer|P. ochraventer]]''
**''megalops'' group
**''megalops'' group
***''[[Peromyscus megalops]]''
***''[[Peromyscus megalops|P. megalops]]''
***''[[Peromyscus melanurus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus melanocarpus|P. melanocarpus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus melanocarpus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus melanurus|P. melanurus]]''
**''mexicanus'' group
**''mexicanus'' group
***''[[Peromyscus mexicanus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus grandis|P. grandis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus gymnotis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus guatemalensis|P. guatemalensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus guatemalensis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus gymnotis|P. gymnotis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus zarhynchus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus mexicanus|P. mexicanus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus grandis]]''
***''[[Peromyscus stirtoni|P. stirtoni]]''
***''[[Peromyscus yucatanicus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus yucatanicus|P. yucatanicus]]''
***''[[Peromyscus stirtoni]]''
***''[[Peromyscus zarhynchus|P. zarhynchus]]''


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 02:07, 8 June 2013

Not to be confused with mouse deer.

Peromyscus
Temporal range: Late Miocene – Recent
Peromyscus maniculatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Rodentia
Family:
Cricetidae
Subfamily:
Neotominae
Genus:
Peromyscus

Gloger, 1841
species

See text.

The genus Peromyscus contains the animal species commonly referred to as deer mice. This genus of New World mice is only distantly related to the common house mouse and laboratory mouse, Mus musculus. Although superficially resembling Mus musculus, Peromyscus species have relatively larger eyes, and also often two-tone coloring, with darker colors over the dorsum (back), and white abdominal and limb hair-coloring. In reference to the coloring, the word Peromyscus comes from Greek words meaning "booted mouse".[1]

They are also accomplished jumpers and runners by comparison to house mice, and their common name of "deer mouse" (coined in 1833) is in reference to this agility.[2]

The most common species of deer mice in the continental United States are two closely related species, P. maniculatus, and P. leucopus. In the United States, Peromyscus is the most populous mammalian genus overall, and has become notorious in the western United States as a carrier of hantaviruses.[3][4]

A different mammal, the "mouse deer", is a relatively primitive ungulate of minuscule size.

Vector of human disease

Hantavirus

The deer mouse came to the attention of the public when it was discovered to be the primary reservoir species for Sin Nombre hantavirus.[3][5][6]

Lyme disease

A recent study in British Columbia of 218 deer mice showed 30% (66) were seropositive for B. burgdorferi,[7] the agent of Lyme disease.

Other diseases

Ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are also carried by the deer mouse.[1]

Use as a laboratory animal

While wild populations are sometimes studied, Peromyscus is also easy to breed and keep in captivity, although they are more energetic and difficult to handle than the relatively more tame Mus musculus. For certain studies, Peromyscus is also favoured over the common laboratory mouse (Mus domesticus) and the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) . Apart from their importance in studying infectious diseases, Peromyscus species are useful for studying phylogeography, speciation, chromosomes, genetics, ecology, population genetics, and evolution in general. They are also useful for researching repetitive movement disorders.[8][9][10][11] Their use in aging research is because Peromyscus spp., despite being of similar size to the standard laboratory mouse, have maximum lifespans of five to seven years, compared to the two- to three-year maximum lifespan of ad libitum-fed laboratory strains or wild-caught M. musculus.[1]

The Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center at the University of South Carolina was established by Professor Wallace Dawson in 1985 to raise animals of the peromyscine species for research and educational use. This institute maintains populations of several different species (including Peromyscus californicus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus melanophrys, Peromyscus eremicus, and Peromyscus aztecus). A variety of mutations affecting their behavior, biochemistry, and the color of their coats are exhibited in these genetic lines.

Species

References

  1. ^ a b c Crossland, J. and A. Lewandowski. 2006. Peromyscus – A fascinating laboratory animal model. Techtalk, 11:1-2.
  2. ^ http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/deer%20mouse Deer mouse etymology from Merriam-Webster. Accessed June 11, 2010.
  3. ^ a b http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/virology.htm
  4. ^ http://www.sc.edu/research/pdf/Bioengineering.pdf
  5. ^ "It's Official--The Deer Mouse Is Deadly". Newsmagazine 18 July 1994: 43+ . Academic Search Elite. EBSCOhost. UWSP Library. 12 Oct. 2007
  6. ^ Netski, Dale, Brandonlyn Thran, and Stephen St. Jeor. "Sin Nombre Virus Pathogenesis in Peromyscus maniculatus". Journal of Virology 73.1 (1999): 585- 591. Biological & Agricultural. Wilson Web. 25 Oct. 2007 http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/reprint/73/1/585.
  7. ^ Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR) – Vol.34 CCDR-01 – Public Health Agency of Canada
  8. ^ Joyner CP, Myrick LC, Crossland JP, Dawson WD. Deer Mice As Laboratory Animals. ILAR J. 1998 Sep;39(4):322-330.
  9. ^ Dewey, M.J. and W.D. Dawson. 2001. Deer Mice: “The Drosophila” of North American mammalogy. Genesis, 29:105-109.
  10. ^ Mammalian models for research on aging. (1981) ISBN 978-0-309-03094-6 Google Books
  11. ^ Linnen, C.R. et al. On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele in deer mice. Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1095-8. PubMedID: 19713521.
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