Bubble-CPAP and Bubble CPAP: Difference between pages
Mihir Atreya (talk | contribs) ←Created page with ''''Bubble CPAP''' is a non-invasive ventilation strategy for newborns with Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). It is one of the methods by which C...' |
Mihir Atreya (talk | contribs) ←Created page with ''''Bubble CPAP''' is a non-invasive ventilation strategy for newborns with Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). It is one of the methods by which C...' |
(No difference)
| |
Revision as of 13:48, 20 October 2013
Bubble CPAP is a non-invasive ventilation strategy for newborns with Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). It is one of the methods by which Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is delivered to a spontaneously breathing newborn to maintain lung volumes during expiration. With this method blended and humidified oxygen is delivered via short bi-nasal prongs and pressure in the circuit is maintained by immersing the distal end of the expiratory tubing in water. The depth to which the tubing is immersed underwater determines the pressure generated in the airways of the baby. As the gas flows through the system, it “bubbles” out [1] and prevents build up of excess pressures. Bubble CPAP is appealing because of its simplicity and low-cost[2]. It is also associated with a decreased incidence of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia[3] compared to mechanical ventilation. But, not all infants with RDS are candidates for initial treatment with CPAP and not all those who are given CPAP can be successfully managed with this modality [4].
History
In the early 1970’s, Gregory et al demonstrated that providing CPAP using an anesthesia bag improved oxygenation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome[5]. Subsequently, Dr. Jen-Tien Wung at Children’s Hospital of New York, Columbia University developed the Bubble CPAP system using short nasal prongs [6]. In 1987 Avery et al reported large differences in the risk-adjusted incidence of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a comparison of 12 academic neonatal intensive care units in the United States[7]. This study first identified the Columbia approach of using Bubble CPAP in the delivery room as a possible strategy to reduce the incidence of BPD as compared to mechanical ventilation [8].
Components
The Bubble CPAP system consists of three major components:
1. Gas Source: An oxygen blender connected to a source of oxygen and compressed air is used to supply an appropriate concentration of inspired oxygen FiO2. The humidified blended oxygen is then circulated through corrugated tubing.
2. Pressure generator: Pressure in the Bubble-CPAP system is created by placing the distal expiratory tubing in water. Designated pressure is determined by the length of tubing immersed.
3. Patient interface: Nasal prongs are used as the nasal interface between the circuit and the infant’s airway. Short and wide nasal prongs allow for a low resistance to air flow. It is important that the nasal interface be applied to the infant without air leakage while taking measures to prevent nasal trauma.
Care of Infants on Bubble CPAP
The successful application of Bubble CPAP requires elaborate nursing care [9]. There is a learning curve to the implementation of Bubble-CPAP respiratory approach that requires team effort for success [10].
1.The system has to be snuggly fitted and stationed on the infant’s head. The nasal prongs can be secured by putting on an appropriate sized hat which rests on the lower part of the infant’s ears and across the forehead [11]. The tubing can be fastened with the help of safety pins and rubber bands.
2.Nasal prongs must be properly placed to prevent air leak. Application of a Velcro mustache placed over a piece of hydrocolloid dressing on the philtrum can prevent accidental incarceration of the prong on the nasal septum [12].
3.Gentle nasal suctioning is important to maintain clear airways.
4.Frequent decompression of the infant’s stomach with an oro-gastric tube is necessary to promote comfort, and to prevent a distended stomach from splinting the diaphragm and compromising respiration [13].
References
References
- ^ Morley CJ, Lau R, De Paoli A, Davis PG. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure: does bubbling improve gas exchange? Archives of disease in childhood Fetal and neonatal edition 2005;90:F343-4.
- ^ Sahni R. Bubble CPAP: can we predict success or failure? Indian pediatrics 2010;47:129-30.
- ^ Polin RA, Sahni R. Newer experience with CPAP. Seminars in neonatology : SN 2002;7:379-89.
- ^ Sahni R. Bubble CPAP: can we predict success or failure? Indian pediatrics 2010;47:129-30.
- ^ Gregory GA, Kitterman JA, Phibbs RH, Tooley WH, Hamilton WK. Treatment of the idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure. The New England journal of medicine 1971;284:1333-40.
- ^ KM Chan HC. The Use of Bubble CPAP in Premature Infants: Local experience. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics 2007;12:86-92.
- ^ Avery ME, Tooley WH, Keller JB, Hurd SS, Bryan MH, Cotton RB, et al. Is chronic lung disease in low birth weight infants preventable? A survey of eight centers. Pediatrics 1987;79:26-30.
- ^ Narendran V, Donovan EF, Hoath SB, Akinbi HT, Steichen JJ, Jobe AH. Early bubble CPAP and outcomes in ELBW preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association 2003;23:195-9.
- ^ KM Chan HC. The Use of Bubble CPAP in Premature Infants: Local experience. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics 2007;12:86-92.
- ^ Sahni R. Bubble CPAP: can we predict success or failure? Indian pediatrics 2010;47:129-30
- ^ KM Chan HC. The Use of Bubble CPAP in Premature Infants: Local experience. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics 2007;12:86-92.
- ^ KM Chan HC. The Use of Bubble CPAP in Premature Infants: Local experience. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics 2007;12:86-92.
- ^ KM Chan HC. The Use of Bubble CPAP in Premature Infants: Local experience. Hong Kong Journal of Paediatrics 2007;12:86-92.