HMS Walker: Difference between revisions
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'''HMS ''Walker'' (D27)''' was a [[V and W class destroyer|W-class]] [[destroyer]] of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] that saw service in the final months of [[World War I]], in the [[Russian Civil War]] |
'''HMS ''Walker'' (D27)''' was a [[V and W class destroyer|W-class]] [[destroyer]] of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] that saw service in the final months of [[World War I]], in the [[Russian Civil War]] and in [[World War II]]. |
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==Construction and commissioning== |
==Construction and commissioning== |
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''Walker'' was ordered on 9 December 1916<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
''Walker'' was ordered on 9 December 1916;<ref name="navalhistory"/> she was [[Keel laying|laid down]] by [[William Denny and Brothers]] at [[Dumbarton]], [[Scotland]],<ref name="navalhistory"/> on 26 March 1917. She was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]] on 29 November,<ref name="navalhistory"/> completed on 12 February 1918<ref name="navalhistory"/> – fitted to lay [[naval mine|mine]]s<ref name="navalhistory"/> and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on the same day.<ref name="uboatnet"/> She was assigned the [[pennant number]] G22 in January 1918;<ref name="navalhistorywwi"/> it was changed to G09 in April 1918,<ref name="navalhistorywwi"/> and to D27 during the interwar period.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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==Service history== |
==Service history== |
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===World War I=== |
===World War I=== |
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All of the |
All of the V- and W-class destroyers, ''Walker'' among them, were assigned to the [[Grand Fleet]] or [[Harwich Force]] for the rest of World War I,<ref name="navalhistorywwi"/> which ended with the [[armistice with Germany]] on 11 November 1918. |
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===Interwar=== |
===Interwar=== |
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''Walker'' took part in the [[British campaign in the Baltic (1918-1919)|British campaign]] against [[Bolshevik]] forces in the [[Baltic Sea]] during 1919, seeing action against [[Russia]]n warships; from May 1919 she participated in a [[blockade]] of Bolshevik warships in [[Kronstadt]] |
''Walker'' took part in the [[British campaign in the Baltic (1918-1919)|British campaign]] against [[Bolshevik]] forces in the [[Baltic Sea]] during 1919, seeing action against [[Russia]]n warships; from May 1919 she participated in a [[blockade]] of Bolshevik warships in [[Kronstadt]] and suffered two hits from the Bolshevik [[battleship]] [[Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (1911)|''Petropavlovsk'']] during an attempted breakout by the Bolshevik fleet. She was part of the 1st Destroyer [[Flotilla]] in the [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic Fleet]] from 1921 to 1930, and visited [[Helsinki]] in [[Finland]], from 15 to 22 June 1926 when the flotilla made a cruise in the Baltic. She was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] in 1932, transferred to the [[Reserve Fleet (United Kingdom)|Reserve Fleet]], and placed in [[Reserve fleet|reserve]] at [[Rosyth]], Scotland.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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In August 1939, ''Walker'' was recommissioned with a reserve crew to participate in the [[Naval review|Royal Review]] of the Reserve Fleet by [[King George VI]]. She remained in commission after the review as the fleet mobilised in the face of rising tensions between the United Kingdom and [[Nazi Germany]] |
In August 1939, ''Walker'' was recommissioned with a reserve crew to participate in the [[Naval review|Royal Review]] of the Reserve Fleet by [[King George VI]]. She remained in commission after the review as the fleet mobilised in the face of rising tensions between the United Kingdom and [[Nazi Germany]]; proceeding to [[Plymouth]] to prepare for wartime service.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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===World War II=== |
===World War II=== |
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====1939==== |
====1939==== |
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When the United Kingdom entered |
When the United Kingdom entered World War II in early September 1939, ''Walker'' was assigned to the 11th Destroyer Flotilla at Plymouth for convoy defence and patrol duties in the [[Southwestern Approaches]]. On 9 September she and the destroyers {{HMS|Vanquisher|D54}} and {{HMS|Winchelsea|D46}} escorted [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy OB 2]]. While returning to Plymouth after detaching from the convoy, ''Walker'' and ''Vanquisher'' collided,<ref name="navalhistory"/> killing 14 men<ref>''The Battle of the Atlantic'' by Andrew Williams BBC Worldwide 2002, p.46, ISBN 0 563 5349 X</ref> about 200 [[nautical mile]]s (370 km) southwest of [[Cape Clear Island]], [[Ireland]],<ref name="uboatnet"/> on 10<ref name="navalhistory"/> or 11<ref>[http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-09VW-Vanquisher.htm HMS VANQUISHER (D 54) - V & W-class Destroyer]</ref> September 1939 (sources differ) with both ships suffering serious damage. ''Walker''{{'}}s First Lieutenant was compelled to shoot some of the injured who were trapped in the wreckage.<ref>Williams p. 46 </ref> She was able to proceed under her own power, but ''Vanquisher'' required a tow, so ''Walker'' embarked injured personnel from ''Vanquisher'', proceeded to Plymouth and entered [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport Dockyard]] for repairs on 14 September 1939.<ref name="navalhistory"/> Her repairs were not complete until mid-November, when she rejoined her flotilla, while ''Vanquisher'' was not fully repaired until early January 1940.<ref name="uboatnet"/><ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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====1940==== |
====1940==== |
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On 11 January 1940, ''Walker'' rescued 32 survivors of the British [[Merchant ship|merchant]] [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''El Oro'', which had sunk six [[nautical mile]]s (11 km) west- |
On 11 January 1940, ''Walker'' rescued 32 survivors of the British [[Merchant ship|merchant]] [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''El Oro'', which had sunk six [[nautical mile]]s (11 km) west-northwest of [[Liverpool]]{{'}}s [[Bar Lightship]] at {{coord|53|32|N|003|25|W|name="''El Oro'' sunk"}} on 6 January 1940 after striking a mine laid by the German [[submarine]] [[German submarine U-30 (1936)|''U-30'']].<ref name="uboatnet"/> From 13 to 19 January 1940, ''Walker'' joined the [[destroyer leader]]s {{HMS|Broke|D83}} and {{HMS|Keppel|D84}} and the [[Sloop-of-war|sloop]] {{HMS|Enchantress|L56|6}} in escorting [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy HG 15F]] during the final leg of its voyage from [[Gibraltar]] to Liverpool; ''Broke'' detached on 15 January and the destroyer {{HMS|Amazon|D39}} joined the escort to relieve ''Keppel'' on 17 January. From 25 to 26 March, ''Walker'', the destroyer leader {{HMS|Campbell|D60}}, and the destroyers {{HMS|Volunteer|D71}} and {{HMS|Wanderer|D74}} escorted convoy [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy OG 23]] in the Southwestern Approaches during the first part of her voyage from the United Kingdom to Gibraltar until relieved by two [[French Navy]] warships. After detaching from OG 23, she, ''Campbell'' and ''Volunteer'' joined the sloops {{HMS|Scarborough|L25}} and {{HMS|Wellington|L65}} as the escort for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy HG 23]] on the final leg of her voyage from Gibraltar to Liverpool, where she arrived on 30 March 1940.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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=====Norway===== |
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On 8 April 1940, ''Walker'' was transferred to the [[Home Fleet]] at [[Scapa Flow]] in the [[Orkney Islands]] to support operations durng the [[Norwegian Campaign]] |
On 8 April 1940, ''Walker'' was transferred to the [[Home Fleet]] at [[Scapa Flow]] in the [[Orkney Islands]] to support operations durng the [[Norwegian Campaign]], escorting British military convoys carrying troops and equipment to [[Norway|the Nordic country]]. She suffered slight damage during a German air attack on a convoy on 9 April 1940. She came under sustained German air attack on 30 April while evacuating [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] troops from [[Andalsnes]] and [[Molde]], where she ferried troops from shore to the [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Sheffield|C24}} and destroyer {{HMS|Westcott|D47}} for passage to the United Kingdom. On 1 May 1940, she covered the final evacuation from Andalsnes, also under heavy German air attack.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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During May 1940, ''Walker''{{'}}s pennant number was changed to I27. On 28 May, she and the destroyers {{HMS|Beagle|H30}}, {{HMS|Fame|H78}}, and {{HMS|Havelock|H88}} deployed in Norway{{'}}s [[Rombaken|Rombaksfjord]] |
During May 1940, ''Walker''{{'}}s pennant number was changed to I27. On 28 May, she and the destroyers {{HMS|Beagle|H30}}, {{HMS|Fame|H78}}, and {{HMS|Havelock|H88}} deployed in Norway{{'}}s [[Rombaken|Rombaksfjord]] to provide gunfire support during an Allied ground operation to capture [[Narvik]]. As the Norwegian Campaign ended in an Allied failure to halt the German conquest of that country, ''Walker'' became the last Allied ship to leave the Narvik area as she escorted the final Allied evacuation convoy from Norway, departing [[Harstad]] on 8 June 1940.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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''Walker'' made an unsuccessful counterattack against the German submarine [[German submarine U-47 (1938)|''U-47'']] on 2 July 1940 after |
''Walker'' made an unsuccessful counterattack against the German submarine [[German submarine U-47 (1938)|''U-47'']] on 2 July 1940 after the U-boat [[torpedo]]ed and sank the [[passenger ship]] [[RMS Andora Star|RMS ''Andora Star'']] while ''Andora Star'' was carrying German and [[Italy|Italian]] [[Prisoner-of-war|prisoners of war]] to [[Canada]] with 1,676 people on board. The destroyer then returned to the United Kingdom and underwent repairs that lasted until September 1940. In October, she passed her post-repair [[Sea trials|acceptance trials]] and returned to convoy escort duties in the Western Approaches.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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====1941==== |
====1941==== |
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| ⚫ | On 5 February 1941, ''Walker'' became part of the 5th Escort Group as the [[flagship]] of its senior officer, [[Donald Macintyre (Royal Navy officer)|Donald Macintyre]], and continued with escort duties in the Western Approaches. In mid-March, she took part in the highly successful defence of [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy HX 112]].<ref name="navalhistory"/> As part of the escort on 16 March, she rescued 38 survivors of the Canadian [[merchant ship]] ''J. B. White'', which the German submarine [[German submarine U-99 (1940)|''U-99'']] had torpedoed and sunk at {{coord|60|57|00|N|012|27|00|W|name="''J. B. White'' sunk"}} while attacking the convoy.<ref name="uboatnet"/> On 17 March, she and the destroyer {{HMS|Vanoc|H33}} counterattacked the German submarine [[German submarine U-100 (1940)|''U-100'']] – commanded by one of the ''[[Kriegsmarine]]''{{'}}s top submarine commanders, ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' [[Joachim Schepke]] – with [[depth charge]]s while defending the convoy, forcing ''U-100'' to the surface; ''Vanoc'' then rammed and sank ''U-100'' at 03:18 hours at the approximate position {{coord|61|00|00|N|012|12|00|W|name="''U-100'' sunk"}}, crushing Schepke to death with her [[Bow (ship)|bows]] while he stood on the submarine{{'}}s [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]]. Thirty-seven other members of ''U-100''{{'}}s crew also died in the sinking; ''Walker'' took aboard her six survivors. While rescuing them, ''Walker'' detected ''U-99'' – commanded by another top German submarine officer, ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' [[Otto Kretschmer]] – attempting another attack on HX 112, and used depth charges to force her to the surface, after which her crew abandoned ship and scuttled her with the loss of three men dead,<ref name="U-99">[http://www.uboat.net/boats/u99.htm uboat.net U-99]</ref> at 03:43<ref name="U-99"/> or 03:48<ref name="uboatnet"/> hours (sources differ), at the approximate position {{coord|61|00|00|N|012|00|00|W|name="''U-99'' sunk"}}. ''Walker'' rescued ''U-99''{{'}}s 40 survivors, among them Kretschmer, who spent the rest of the war as a [[prisoner-of-war]].<ref name="uboatnet"/><ref name="navalhistory"/> The loss of these two officers, as well as of another highly successful submarine commander, ''Korvettenkapitän'' [[Günther Prien]], killed 10 days earlier in the loss of ''U-47'' while attacking [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy OB 293]], was a major early blow to the German submarine force. |
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| ⚫ | On 5 February 1941, ''Walker'' became part of the 5th Escort Group as the [[flagship]] of its senior officer, [[Donald Macintyre (Royal Navy officer)|Donald Macintyre]], and continued |
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''Walker'' remained on convoy escort duty in the Western Approaches for the remainder of 1941 and into 1942.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
''Walker'' remained on convoy escort duty in the Western Approaches for the remainder of 1941 and into 1942.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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====1942==== |
====1942==== |
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From 12 to 15 January 1942, ''Walker'' joined ''Vanoc'', ''Volunteer'', and the destroyer {{HMS|Witherington|D76}} as the local escort of [[Convoy WS 15]], consisting of 22 [[troopship]]s bound from the [[River Clyde]] in Scotland for [[Suez, Egypt|Suez]], [[Egypt]] |
From 12 to 15 January 1942, ''Walker'' joined ''Vanoc'', ''Volunteer'', and the destroyer {{HMS|Witherington|D76}} as the local escort of [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy WS 15]], consisting of 22 [[troopship]]s bound – from the [[River Clyde]] in Scotland – for [[Suez, Egypt|Suez]], [[Egypt]]; [[Bombay]], [[India]] and [[Singapore]]; during the first leg of her voyage in the [[Northwestern Approaches]]. On 17 February 1942, she joined [[[List of World War II convoys|Convoy WS 16]] – 21 troopships headed for Suez and Bombay – in the Clyde to serve along with ''Witherington'', the destroyer {{HMS|Verity|D63}}, and a large Home Fleet force consisting of the [[battleship]] {{HMS|Malaya}}, the [[aircraft carrier]]s {{HMS|Eagle|1918|6}} and {{HMS|Formidable|67|6}}, the light cruiser {{HMS|Hermione|74|6}}, and the destroyers {{HMS|Active|H14}}, {{HMS|Anthony|H40}}, {{HMS|Blankney|L30}}, {{HMS|Croome|L62}}, {{HMS|Duncan|D99}}, {{HMS|Firedrake|H79}}, {{HMS|Laforey|G99}}, and {{HMS|Lightning|G55}}, as escort. On 21 February, the Home Fleet force detached to proceed independently to Gibraltar, but ''Walker'', ''Verity'' and ''Witherington'' remained with WS 16 until 22 February, when the light cruiser {{HMS|Newcastle|C76}} and destroyer {{HMS|Paladin|G69}} relieved them as escort and they detached.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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''Walker'' remained on convoy duty in the Western Approaches for the rest of 1942. Near the end of the year, the Royal Navy selected her for conversion into a Long-Range Escort.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
''Walker'' remained on convoy duty in the Western Approaches for the rest of 1942. Near the end of the year, the Royal Navy selected her for conversion into a Long-Range Escort.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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====1943==== |
====1943==== |
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''Walker'' |
''Walker'' was taken into dockyard hands on the [[River Thames]] in January 1943 for her conversion. Upon completion, she underwent post-conversion acceptance trials in May and having passed them, spent June in work-ups in preparation for her return to combat service. In July 1943, she was assigned to the 4th Escort Group for convoy defence duties in the Northwestern Approaches and North Atlantic, which she continued until the end of the year.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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====1944==== |
====1944==== |
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In January 1944, ''Walker'' was transferred to the Home Fleet to escort [[Arctic convoys of World War II|Arctic convoys]] to and from the [[Soviet Union]]. In February 1944, she was part of the close escort group for [[Convoy JW 57]] during its voyage from the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union along with ''Keppel'', the destroyers {{HMS|Beagle|H30}} and {{HMS|Boadicea|H65}}, and four [[Flower-class corvette]]s; although the convoy endured German air and submarine attacks during its passage, it suffered no losses among its convoyed ships and arrived at the [[Kola Inlet]] on 28 February 1944. On 2 March |
In January 1944, ''Walker'' was transferred to the Home Fleet to escort [[Arctic convoys of World War II|Arctic convoys]] to and from the [[Soviet Union]]. In February 1944, she was part of the close escort group for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy JW 57]] during its voyage from the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union along with ''Keppel'', the destroyers {{HMS|Beagle|H30}} and {{HMS|Boadicea|H65}}, and four [[Flower-class corvette]]s; although the convoy endured German air and submarine attacks during its passage, it suffered no losses among its convoyed ships and arrived at the [[Kola Inlet]] on 28 February 1944. On 2 March, the ship joined the same vessels as close escort for the returning [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy RA 57]], which came under attack by German submarines on 4 March and arrived at [[Loch Ewe]], Scotland, on 10 March 1944.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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On 29 March 1944, ''Walker'' joined ''Beagle'', ''Boadicea'', ''Keppel'', and the sloops of the 2nd Escort Group – {{HMS|Magpie|U82}}, {{HMS|Starling|U66}}, {{HMS|Whimbrel|U29}}, {{HMS|Wild Goose|U45}}, and {{HMS|Wren|U28}}, – as close escort for [[Convoy JW 58]] during its voyage to the Soviet Union; it came under German air and submarine attack, but arrived at the Kola Inlet on 4 April |
On 29 March 1944, ''Walker'' joined ''Beagle'', ''Boadicea'', ''Keppel'', and the sloops of the 2nd Escort Group – {{HMS|Magpie|U82}}, {{HMS|Starling|U66}}, {{HMS|Whimbrel|U29}}, {{HMS|Wild Goose|U45}}, and {{HMS|Wren|U28}}, – as close escort for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy JW 58]] during its voyage to the Soviet Union; it came under German air and submarine attack, but arrived at the Kola Inlet on 4 April. From 7 to 12 April, ''Walker'', ''Beagle'', ''Boadicea'', ''Keppel'' and the destroyers {{HMS|Inconstant|H49}}, {{HMS|Venus|R50}}, {{HMS|Westcott|D47}}, {{HMS|Whitehall|D94}}, and {{HMS|Wrestler|D35}} escorted [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy RA 58]] during its voyage from the Kola Inlet to Loch Ewe, which the Germans did not detect. On 20 April, ''Walker'' joined 15 other Home Fleet destroyers, the [[escort aircraft carrier]]s {{HMS|Activity|D94}} and {{HMS|Fencer|D64}}, the light cruiser {{HMS|Diadem|84|6}}, and three [[Royal Canadian Navy]] [[frigate]]s in escorting the merchant ship ''Nea Hellas'' on a voyage to collect ships and personnel from various Soviet [[Arctic]] ports, culminating in an arrival at the Kola Inlet. ''Nea Hellas'' had to return to the United Kingdom with mechanical problems, but the other ships pushed on, arriving at the Kola Inlet on 23 April 1944. On 13 May, ''Walker'' embarked 13 [[United States Navy]] [[enlisted men]] for transportation to the United Kingdom and departed the Kola Inlet as part of the escort for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy RA 59]] on its voyage to the United Kingdom. After experiencing very bad weather and two days of German submarine attacks, she detached from RA 59 on 3 May 1944.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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Selected for participation in [[Operation Neptune]], the assault phase of the Allied [[invasion of Normandy]] scheduled for early June 1944, ''Walker'' upon her arrival in the United Kingdom was assigned to Escort Group 137 along with the [[corvette]] {{HMS|Honeysuckle|K27}} and the [[Naval trawler|trawler]]s {{HMS|Lincolnshire|FY222}} and {{HMS|La Nantaise|FY360}}. The escort group spent the rest of May preparing for Neptune, then |
Selected for participation in [[Operation Neptune|Operation ''Neptune'']], the assault phase of the Allied [[invasion of Normandy]] which was scheduled for early June 1944, ''Walker'' upon her arrival in the United Kingdom, was assigned to Escort Group 137 along with the [[corvette]] {{HMS|Honeysuckle|K27}} and the [[Naval trawler|trawler]]s {{HMS|Lincolnshire|FY222}} and {{HMS|La Nantaise|FY360}}. The escort group spent the rest of May preparing for ''Neptune'', then proceeded in early June to [[Milford Haven]] in [[Wales]], where it joined [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy E2B2Z]] – 32 [[troop transport]]s carrying [[United States Army]] troops and equipment to reinforce the beachhead – on 4 June 1944. The convoy arrived at the invasion beaches on 8 June, two days after the initial assault. On 10 June, ''Walker'' began escorting convoys to the beachhead during the initial build-up period in [[Normandy]].<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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Released from supporting the beachhead later in June |
Released from supporting the beachhead later in June, ''Walker'' returned to escort work in the North Atlantic. She continued this until October, when she was reassigned to the 8th Escort Group for another tour of duty escorting Arctic convoys. On 20 October, she joined the sloops {{HMS|Lapwing|U62}} and {{HMS|Lark|U11}} and three Flower-class corvettes as the close escort for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy JW 61]], which arrived at the Kola Inlet on 28 October without suffering any losses during its passage from the United Kingdom. From 2 to 9 November she joined the same ships in providing the close escort for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy RA 61]] during its trip from the Kola Inlet to Loch Ewe. The ship then resumed convoy escort work in the Northwestern Approaches, but in December 1944 returned to the Arctic run, joining ''Keppel'', ''Westcott'', and the sloops of the 8th Escort Group on 30 December 1944 as the close escort of [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy JW 63]] during its voyage to the Soviet Union.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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====1945==== |
====1945==== |
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Convoy JW 63 arrived at the Kola Inlet on 8 January 1945 after an uneventful passage from the United Kingdom. From 11 to 23 January |
Convoy JW 63 arrived at the Kola Inlet on 8 January 1945 after an uneventful passage from the United Kingdom. From 11 to 23 January, ''Walker'', ''Keppel'', and ''Westcott'' provided the close escort for [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy RA 63]] during its voyage from the Kola Inlet to the Clyde, a passage made in very bad weather that allowed only slow progress.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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''Walker'' returned to Atlantic convoy duty in February 1945. In March |
''Walker'' returned to Atlantic convoy duty in February 1945. In March, she was assigned to [[antisubmarine warfare]] operations and convoy defence in the waters around the [[British Isles]], continuing in this role until the [[surrender of Germany|German surrender]] in early May.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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==Decommissioning and disposal== |
==Decommissioning and disposal== |
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''Walker'' did not deploy operationally after Germany{{'}}s |
''Walker'' did not deploy operationally after Germany{{'}}s capitulation; the Royal Navy soon decommissioned her and placed her in reserve. She was sold on 15 March 1946 for scrap<ref name="navalhistory"/><ref name="navalhistorywwi"/> and was disposed of at [[Troon]] in Scotland.<ref name="navalhistory"/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 16:39, 2 December 2013
 HMS Walker underway in choppy conditions
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| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Walker |
| Ordered | 9 December 1916[1] |
| Builder | William Denny and Brothers, Dumbarton, Scotland[1] |
| Laid down | 26 March 1917[1] |
| Launched | 29 November 1917[1] |
| Completed | 12 February 1918[1] |
| Commissioned | 12 February 1918[2] |
| Decommissioned | 1932 |
| Recommissioned | August 1939 [1] |
| Decommissioned | 1945[1] |
| Motto | Ready and faithful[1] |
| Honours and awards | list error: mixed text and list (help) Battle honours for: |
| Fate | Sold 15 March 1946 for scrapping[3] |
| Badge | A stag's head proper issuant from an Eastern Crown on a blue field[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 1,100 tons |
| Length | 300 ft (91 m) o/a, 312 ft (95 m)p/p |
| Beam | 26.75 ft (8.15 m) |
| Draught | 9 ft (2.7 m) standard, [convert: invalid number] in deep |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 3 Yarrow type Water-tube boilers Brown-Curtis steam turbines 2 shafts 27,000 shp (20,000 kW) |
| Speed | 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) |
| Range | 320-370 tons oil, 3,500 nmi (6,500 km) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), 900 nmi (1,700 km) at 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) |
| Complement | 110 |
| Armament |
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| Notes | list error: mixed text and list (help) Pennant number: |
HMS Walker (D27) was a W-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service in the final months of World War I, in the Russian Civil War and in World War II.
Construction and commissioning
Walker was ordered on 9 December 1916;[1] she was laid down by William Denny and Brothers at Dumbarton, Scotland,[1] on 26 March 1917. She was launched on 29 November,[1] completed on 12 February 1918[1] – fitted to lay mines[1] and commissioned on the same day.[2] She was assigned the pennant number G22 in January 1918;[3] it was changed to G09 in April 1918,[3] and to D27 during the interwar period.[1]
Service history
World War I
All of the V- and W-class destroyers, Walker among them, were assigned to the Grand Fleet or Harwich Force for the rest of World War I,[3] which ended with the armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918.
Interwar
Walker took part in the British campaign against Bolshevik forces in the Baltic Sea during 1919, seeing action against Russian warships; from May 1919 she participated in a blockade of Bolshevik warships in Kronstadt and suffered two hits from the Bolshevik battleship Petropavlovsk during an attempted breakout by the Bolshevik fleet. She was part of the 1st Destroyer Flotilla in the Atlantic Fleet from 1921 to 1930, and visited Helsinki in Finland, from 15 to 22 June 1926 when the flotilla made a cruise in the Baltic. She was decommissioned in 1932, transferred to the Reserve Fleet, and placed in reserve at Rosyth, Scotland.[1]
In August 1939, Walker was recommissioned with a reserve crew to participate in the Royal Review of the Reserve Fleet by King George VI. She remained in commission after the review as the fleet mobilised in the face of rising tensions between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany; proceeding to Plymouth to prepare for wartime service.[1]
World War II
1939
When the United Kingdom entered World War II in early September 1939, Walker was assigned to the 11th Destroyer Flotilla at Plymouth for convoy defence and patrol duties in the Southwestern Approaches. On 9 September she and the destroyers HMS Vanquisher (D54) and HMS Winchelsea (D46) escorted Convoy OB 2. While returning to Plymouth after detaching from the convoy, Walker and Vanquisher collided,[1] killing 14 men[4] about 200 nautical miles (370 km) southwest of Cape Clear Island, Ireland,[2] on 10[1] or 11[5] September 1939 (sources differ) with both ships suffering serious damage. Walker's First Lieutenant was compelled to shoot some of the injured who were trapped in the wreckage.[6] She was able to proceed under her own power, but Vanquisher required a tow, so Walker embarked injured personnel from Vanquisher, proceeded to Plymouth and entered Devonport Dockyard for repairs on 14 September 1939.[1] Her repairs were not complete until mid-November, when she rejoined her flotilla, while Vanquisher was not fully repaired until early January 1940.[2][1]
1940
On 11 January 1940, Walker rescued 32 survivors of the British merchant tanker El Oro, which had sunk six nautical miles (11 km) west-northwest of Liverpool's Bar Lightship at 53°32′N 003°25′W / 53.533°N 3.417°W on 6 January 1940 after striking a mine laid by the German submarine U-30.[2] From 13 to 19 January 1940, Walker joined the destroyer leaders HMS Broke (D83) and HMS Keppel (D84) and the sloop HMS Enchantress in escorting Convoy HG 15F during the final leg of its voyage from Gibraltar to Liverpool; Broke detached on 15 January and the destroyer HMS Amazon (D39) joined the escort to relieve Keppel on 17 January. From 25 to 26 March, Walker, the destroyer leader HMS Campbell (D60), and the destroyers HMS Volunteer (D71) and HMS Wanderer (D74) escorted convoy Convoy OG 23 in the Southwestern Approaches during the first part of her voyage from the United Kingdom to Gibraltar until relieved by two French Navy warships. After detaching from OG 23, she, Campbell and Volunteer joined the sloops HMS Scarborough (L25) and HMS Wellington (L65) as the escort for Convoy HG 23 on the final leg of her voyage from Gibraltar to Liverpool, where she arrived on 30 March 1940.[1]
Norway
On 8 April 1940, Walker was transferred to the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands to support operations durng the Norwegian Campaign, escorting British military convoys carrying troops and equipment to the Nordic country. She suffered slight damage during a German air attack on a convoy on 9 April 1940. She came under sustained German air attack on 30 April while evacuating Allied troops from Andalsnes and Molde, where she ferried troops from shore to the light cruiser HMS Sheffield (C24) and destroyer HMS Westcott (D47) for passage to the United Kingdom. On 1 May 1940, she covered the final evacuation from Andalsnes, also under heavy German air attack.[1]
During May 1940, Walker's pennant number was changed to I27. On 28 May, she and the destroyers HMS Beagle (H30), HMS Fame (H78), and HMS Havelock (H88) deployed in Norway's Rombaksfjord to provide gunfire support during an Allied ground operation to capture Narvik. As the Norwegian Campaign ended in an Allied failure to halt the German conquest of that country, Walker became the last Allied ship to leave the Narvik area as she escorted the final Allied evacuation convoy from Norway, departing Harstad on 8 June 1940.[1]
Walker made an unsuccessful counterattack against the German submarine U-47 on 2 July 1940 after the U-boat torpedoed and sank the passenger ship RMS Andora Star while Andora Star was carrying German and Italian prisoners of war to Canada with 1,676 people on board. The destroyer then returned to the United Kingdom and underwent repairs that lasted until September 1940. In October, she passed her post-repair acceptance trials and returned to convoy escort duties in the Western Approaches.[1]
1941
On 5 February 1941, Walker became part of the 5th Escort Group as the flagship of its senior officer, Donald Macintyre, and continued with escort duties in the Western Approaches. In mid-March, she took part in the highly successful defence of Convoy HX 112.[1] As part of the escort on 16 March, she rescued 38 survivors of the Canadian merchant ship J. B. White, which the German submarine U-99 had torpedoed and sunk at 60°57′00″N 012°27′00″W / 60.95000°N 12.45000°W while attacking the convoy.[2] On 17 March, she and the destroyer HMS Vanoc (H33) counterattacked the German submarine U-100 – commanded by one of the Kriegsmarine's top submarine commanders, Kapitänleutnant Joachim Schepke – with depth charges while defending the convoy, forcing U-100 to the surface; Vanoc then rammed and sank U-100 at 03:18 hours at the approximate position 61°00′00″N 012°12′00″W / 61.00000°N 12.20000°W, crushing Schepke to death with her bows while he stood on the submarine's bridge. Thirty-seven other members of U-100's crew also died in the sinking; Walker took aboard her six survivors. While rescuing them, Walker detected U-99 – commanded by another top German submarine officer, Korvettenkapitän Otto Kretschmer – attempting another attack on HX 112, and used depth charges to force her to the surface, after which her crew abandoned ship and scuttled her with the loss of three men dead,[7] at 03:43[7] or 03:48[2] hours (sources differ), at the approximate position 61°00′00″N 012°00′00″W / 61.00000°N 12.00000°W. Walker rescued U-99's 40 survivors, among them Kretschmer, who spent the rest of the war as a prisoner-of-war.[2][1] The loss of these two officers, as well as of another highly successful submarine commander, Korvettenkapitän Günther Prien, killed 10 days earlier in the loss of U-47 while attacking Convoy OB 293, was a major early blow to the German submarine force.
Walker remained on convoy escort duty in the Western Approaches for the remainder of 1941 and into 1942.[1]
1942
From 12 to 15 January 1942, Walker joined Vanoc, Volunteer, and the destroyer HMS Witherington (D76) as the local escort of Convoy WS 15, consisting of 22 troopships bound – from the River Clyde in Scotland – for Suez, Egypt; Bombay, India and Singapore; during the first leg of her voyage in the Northwestern Approaches. On 17 February 1942, she joined [[[List of World War II convoys|Convoy WS 16]] – 21 troopships headed for Suez and Bombay – in the Clyde to serve along with Witherington, the destroyer HMS Verity (D63), and a large Home Fleet force consisting of the battleship HMS Malaya, the aircraft carriers HMS Eagle and HMS Formidable, the light cruiser HMS Hermione, and the destroyers HMS Active (H14), HMS Anthony (H40), HMS Blankney (L30), HMS Croome (L62), HMS Duncan (D99), HMS Firedrake (H79), HMS Laforey (G99), and HMS Lightning (G55), as escort. On 21 February, the Home Fleet force detached to proceed independently to Gibraltar, but Walker, Verity and Witherington remained with WS 16 until 22 February, when the light cruiser HMS Newcastle (C76) and destroyer HMS Paladin (G69) relieved them as escort and they detached.[1]
Walker remained on convoy duty in the Western Approaches for the rest of 1942. Near the end of the year, the Royal Navy selected her for conversion into a Long-Range Escort.[1]
1943
Walker was taken into dockyard hands on the River Thames in January 1943 for her conversion. Upon completion, she underwent post-conversion acceptance trials in May and having passed them, spent June in work-ups in preparation for her return to combat service. In July 1943, she was assigned to the 4th Escort Group for convoy defence duties in the Northwestern Approaches and North Atlantic, which she continued until the end of the year.[1]
1944
In January 1944, Walker was transferred to the Home Fleet to escort Arctic convoys to and from the Soviet Union. In February 1944, she was part of the close escort group for Convoy JW 57 during its voyage from the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union along with Keppel, the destroyers HMS Beagle (H30) and HMS Boadicea (H65), and four Flower-class corvettes; although the convoy endured German air and submarine attacks during its passage, it suffered no losses among its convoyed ships and arrived at the Kola Inlet on 28 February 1944. On 2 March, the ship joined the same vessels as close escort for the returning Convoy RA 57, which came under attack by German submarines on 4 March and arrived at Loch Ewe, Scotland, on 10 March 1944.[1]
On 29 March 1944, Walker joined Beagle, Boadicea, Keppel, and the sloops of the 2nd Escort Group – HMS Magpie (U82), HMS Starling (U66), HMS Whimbrel (U29), HMS Wild Goose (U45), and HMS Wren (U28), – as close escort for Convoy JW 58 during its voyage to the Soviet Union; it came under German air and submarine attack, but arrived at the Kola Inlet on 4 April. From 7 to 12 April, Walker, Beagle, Boadicea, Keppel and the destroyers HMS Inconstant (H49), HMS Venus (R50), HMS Westcott (D47), HMS Whitehall (D94), and HMS Wrestler (D35) escorted Convoy RA 58 during its voyage from the Kola Inlet to Loch Ewe, which the Germans did not detect. On 20 April, Walker joined 15 other Home Fleet destroyers, the escort aircraft carriers HMS Activity (D94) and HMS Fencer (D64), the light cruiser HMS Diadem, and three Royal Canadian Navy frigates in escorting the merchant ship Nea Hellas on a voyage to collect ships and personnel from various Soviet Arctic ports, culminating in an arrival at the Kola Inlet. Nea Hellas had to return to the United Kingdom with mechanical problems, but the other ships pushed on, arriving at the Kola Inlet on 23 April 1944. On 13 May, Walker embarked 13 United States Navy enlisted men for transportation to the United Kingdom and departed the Kola Inlet as part of the escort for Convoy RA 59 on its voyage to the United Kingdom. After experiencing very bad weather and two days of German submarine attacks, she detached from RA 59 on 3 May 1944.[1]
Selected for participation in Operation Neptune, the assault phase of the Allied invasion of Normandy which was scheduled for early June 1944, Walker upon her arrival in the United Kingdom, was assigned to Escort Group 137 along with the corvette HMS Honeysuckle (K27) and the trawlers HMS Lincolnshire (FY222) and HMS La Nantaise (FY360). The escort group spent the rest of May preparing for Neptune, then proceeded in early June to Milford Haven in Wales, where it joined Convoy E2B2Z – 32 troop transports carrying United States Army troops and equipment to reinforce the beachhead – on 4 June 1944. The convoy arrived at the invasion beaches on 8 June, two days after the initial assault. On 10 June, Walker began escorting convoys to the beachhead during the initial build-up period in Normandy.[1]
Released from supporting the beachhead later in June, Walker returned to escort work in the North Atlantic. She continued this until October, when she was reassigned to the 8th Escort Group for another tour of duty escorting Arctic convoys. On 20 October, she joined the sloops HMS Lapwing (U62) and HMS Lark (U11) and three Flower-class corvettes as the close escort for Convoy JW 61, which arrived at the Kola Inlet on 28 October without suffering any losses during its passage from the United Kingdom. From 2 to 9 November she joined the same ships in providing the close escort for Convoy RA 61 during its trip from the Kola Inlet to Loch Ewe. The ship then resumed convoy escort work in the Northwestern Approaches, but in December 1944 returned to the Arctic run, joining Keppel, Westcott, and the sloops of the 8th Escort Group on 30 December 1944 as the close escort of Convoy JW 63 during its voyage to the Soviet Union.[1]
1945
Convoy JW 63 arrived at the Kola Inlet on 8 January 1945 after an uneventful passage from the United Kingdom. From 11 to 23 January, Walker, Keppel, and Westcott provided the close escort for Convoy RA 63 during its voyage from the Kola Inlet to the Clyde, a passage made in very bad weather that allowed only slow progress.[1]
Walker returned to Atlantic convoy duty in February 1945. In March, she was assigned to antisubmarine warfare operations and convoy defence in the waters around the British Isles, continuing in this role until the German surrender in early May.[1]
Decommissioning and disposal
Walker did not deploy operationally after Germany's capitulation; the Royal Navy soon decommissioned her and placed her in reserve. She was sold on 15 March 1946 for scrap[1][3] and was disposed of at Troon in Scotland.[1]
References
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