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==Banknotes==
==Banknotes==
The [[Government of Canada]] intended to release the banknotes on the same day as the official opening of the Bank of Canada.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006}} It required months of work and preparation for the design, approval, and production of the banknote series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006}} Designs for the banknotes were created by the [[Canadian Bank Note Company]] and the [[BA International|British American Bank Note Company]] (now BA International), both of which had designed and printed the preceding Dominion of Canada banknotes.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=21}}
The [[Government of Canada]] intended to release the banknotes on the same day as the official opening of the Bank of Canada.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006}} It required months of work and preparation for the design, approval, and production of the banknote series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006}} Designs for the banknotes were created by the [[Canadian Bank Note Company]] (CBN) and the [[BA International|British American Bank Note Company]] (BABN, now BA International), both of which had designed and printed the preceding Dominion of Canada banknotes.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=21}}


All but the commemorative $25 banknote began circulating on 11 March 1935, the same day that the Bank of Canada officially started operating.{{sfn|The Ottawa Evening Citizen|1935|p=1}}{{sfn|Powell|loc=Establishment of a central bank|p=29}}. All banknotes contained the words "Ottawa, Issue of 1935" centrally at the top of the obverse, except for the $20 banknote, in which the words appeared below the serial number.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=31}} This is the only Bank of Canada series that includes $25 and $500 banknotes,{{sfn|Bank of Canada}} and the only series that includes the official seal of the Bank of Canada.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} The $500 banknote was a "carry-over from Dominion of Canada bank notes", and is the only Bank of Canada banknote series to include this denomination.{{sfn|Bank of Canada}}
All but the commemorative $25 banknote began circulating on 11 March 1935, the same day that the Bank of Canada officially started operating.{{sfn|The Ottawa Evening Citizen|1935|p=1}}{{sfn|Powell|loc=Establishment of a central bank|p=29}}. All banknotes contained the words "Ottawa, Issue of 1935" centrally at the top of the obverse, except for the $20 banknote, in which the words appeared below the serial number.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=31}} This is the only Bank of Canada series that includes $25 and $500 banknotes,{{sfn|Bank of Canada}} and the only series that includes the official seal of the Bank of Canada.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} The $500 banknote was a "carry-over from Dominion of Canada bank notes", and is the only Bank of Canada banknote series to include this denomination.{{sfn|Bank of Canada}}
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Other than the language in which they were printed, the English and French banknotes were the same.{{sfn|Bank of Canada}} In May 1935, [[Governor of the Bank of Canada|deputy governor of the Bank of Canada]] John Osborne wrote a letter to a colleague in England in which he stated that "the English-speaking population is inclined to mutilate the French notes, and the French population complains they cannot get enough of their own notes".{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}}
Other than the language in which they were printed, the English and French banknotes were the same.{{sfn|Bank of Canada}} In May 1935, [[Governor of the Bank of Canada|deputy governor of the Bank of Canada]] John Osborne wrote a letter to a colleague in England in which he stated that "the English-speaking population is inclined to mutilate the French notes, and the French population complains they cannot get enough of their own notes".{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}}


All banknotes in the series measure {{convert|152.4|by|73.025|mm|in|3}}, slightly shorter and wider than the 1914, 1918, [[Series of 1928 (United States Currency)|1928]], and 1934 [[Federal Reserve Note]]s in circulation in the [[United States]] at the time, and were described by ''[[Ottawa Citizen|The Ottawa Evening Citizen]]'' as a "novelty to Canada".{{sfn|The Ottawa Evening Citizen|1935|p=1}}
All banknotes in the series measure {{convert|152.4|by|73.025|mm|in|3}}, slightly shorter and wider than the 1914, 1918, [[Series of 1928 (United States Currency)|1928]], and 1934 [[Federal Reserve Note]]s in circulation in the [[United States]] at the time, and were described by ''[[Ottawa Citizen|The Ottawa Evening Citizen]]'' as a "novelty to Canada".{{sfn|The Ottawa Evening Citizen|1935|p=1}} They were printed on a material consisting of 75% [[linen]] and 25% cotton manufactured by the [[Howard Smith Paper Mills]] (now Domtar).{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=23}}


{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
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The design of the banknotes was in a similar formal baroque style of the earlier Dominion of Canada banknotes, with wide variation between the denominations in the series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} The central numerals on the obverse of each denomination have a distinct background design, each with a portrait to the left.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} The corner numerals and decoration are also different for each banknote denomination.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}}
The design of the banknotes was in a similar formal baroque style of the earlier Dominion of Canada banknotes, with wide variation between the denominations in the series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} The central numerals on the obverse of each denomination have a distinct background design, each with a portrait to the left.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} The corner numerals and decoration are also different for each banknote denomination.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}}


===Portraits===
The royal portraits used for the engravings were based on older photographs of each member of the royal family, who were said to "appear younger than their years on the new notes".{{sfn|The St. Maurice Valley Chronicle|1935|p=2}} The individuals depicted were [[George V]] on the $1 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $1 note}} [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] on the $2 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $2 note}} [[Edward VIII|Edward, Prince of Wales]] on the $5 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $5 note}} [[Princess Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|Princess Mary]] on the $10 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $10 note}} [[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] on the $20 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $20 note}} [[George VI|Prince Albert, Duke of York]] on the $50 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $50 note}} and [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] on the $100 banknote.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $100 note}}
The royal portraits used for the engravings were based on older photographs of each member of the royal family, who were said to "appear younger than their years on the new notes".{{sfn|The St. Maurice Valley Chronicle|1935|p=2}} Depicted on the $1 banknote was [[George V]].{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $1 note}} The portrait and design was approved by [[Edgar Nelson Rhodes]] on 10 May 1934, {{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=25}} and was subsequently used on six of the banknotes of the [[1937 Series (banknotes)|1937 Series]].{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=26}}


Each denomination had a reverse depicted an allegorical figure, the framing of which was different for each denomination.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} Agriculture was depicted on the $1 and $20 banknotes,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $1 note}}{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $20 note}} transportation on the $2 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $2 note}} electric power generation on the $5 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $5 note}} harvest on the $10 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $10 note}} modern inventions on the $50 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $50 note}} commerce and industry on the $100 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $100 note}} fertility on the $500 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $500 note}} and security on the $1000 banknote.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $1000 note}}
[[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] appeared on the $2 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $2 note}} her portrait based on a photograph by Hay Wrighton that was engraved by Will Ford of the [[American Bank Note Company]] (ABN) and master engraver Harry P. Dawson of the BABN.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=31}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=32}} The portrait of [[Edward VIII|Edward, Prince of Wales]] wearing a colonel's uniform on the $5 banknote was based on a [[Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development|Department of External Affairs]] photograph taken by British photographer Vandyke and engraved by Dawson.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $5 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=32}} On the $10 banknote was a portrait of [[Princess Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood|Princess Mary]] based on a photograph by official [[British Royal Family]] photographer [[Richard Speaight]] and engraved by Dawson.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $10 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=32}}

[[Elizabeth II|Princess Elizabeth]] at the age of 8 appears on the $20 banknote, the portrait based on a [[Marcus Adams (photographer)|Marcus Adams]] photograph from 1934 for which an engraving was created by master engraver Edwin Gunn of ABN.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $20 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=33}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=35}} the portrait of [[George VI|Prince Albert, Duke of York]] wearing an admiral's uniform on the $50 banknote was based on a photograph taken by Bertram Park, for which an engraving was made by Robert Savage of ABN.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $50 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=34}} The $100 banknote includes a portrait of [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] wearing the captain's uniform of the [[10th Royal Hussars]] based on a photograph by Vandyke for which Ford created an engraving.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $100 note}}

The portrait of [[John A. Macdonald]] wearing a fur-collared coat and engraved by Ford is on the $500 banknote (and was also used on the $100 banknote of the 1937 Series banknotes), and a Gunn engraving of [[Wilfrid Laurier]] wearing a [[Prince Albert coat]] is the portrait on the $1000 banknote.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=35}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=26}}

===Allegories===
Each denomination had a reverse depicted an allegorical figure, the framing of which was different for each denomination.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=22}} Agriculture was depicted on the $1 and $20 banknotes,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $1 note}}{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $20 note}} both based on paintings by [[Alonzo Foringer]] of ABN, the former of which the engraving was made by Will Jung.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=31}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=33}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=28}} A transportation allegory created by BABNC artists was on the $2 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $2 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=31}} electric power generation engraved by Dawson on the $5 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $5 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=32}} harvest engraved by Dawson on the $10 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $10 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=32}} modern inventions on the $50 banknote,{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $50 note}} and commerce and industry on the $100 banknote.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $100 note}} The fertility allegory on the $500 banknote was based on another painting by Foringer.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $500 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=28}} The allegorical figure of security on the $1000 banknote was previously used on a 1917 issue of Russian bonds.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $1000 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=35}}


===Commemorative $25 banknote===
===Commemorative $25 banknote===
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}}
}}


On 6 May 1925, the Bank of Canada issued a $25 banknote to commemorate the [[Silver Jubilee]] of the accession of George V to the throne.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $25 note}} It was a [[royal purple]] banknote with the portraits of King George V and Queen Mary on the obverse, and a scene depicting [[Windsor Castle]] on the reverse.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $25 note}}
On 6 May 1925, the Bank of Canada issued a $25 banknote to commemorate the [[Silver Jubilee]] of the accession of George V to the throne.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $25 note}} It was a [[royal purple]] banknote with the portraits of King George V and Queen Mary on the obverse engraved by Ford and Gunn, and a scene depicting [[Windsor Castle]] on the reverse engraved by Louis Delmoce of ABN.{{sfn|Bank of Canada: $25 note}}{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=33}}


==Printing==
==Printing==

Revision as of 00:58, 14 March 2014

$1 Bank of Canada note issued in 1935.

The 1935 Series was the first series of banknotes of the Canadian dollar issued by the Bank of Canada. They were first circulated on 11 March 1935, the same day that the Bank of Canada officially started operating. Two sets of banknotes were printed for each denomination, one in French for Quebec, and one in English for the rest of Canada.[1][2] This is the only series issued by the Bank of Canada with dual unilingual banknotes.[3]

The Bank of Canada issued a press release in February 1935 announcing details of the banknotes to "prevent possible confusion" amongst the public and as a protective measure against counterfeiting.[1] The Bank of Canada Act which had established the Bank of Canada also resulted in the repeal of the Finance Act and the Dominion Notes Act.[3] With the introduction of the 1935 Series into circulation, the Dominion of Canada banknotes were withdrawn from circulation by the Bank of Canada from 1935 to 1950,[3][4] which also replaced the Department of Finance as the nation's exclusive issuer of banknotes.[5][6]

Banknotes

The Government of Canada intended to release the banknotes on the same day as the official opening of the Bank of Canada.[7] It required months of work and preparation for the design, approval, and production of the banknote series.[7] Designs for the banknotes were created by the Canadian Bank Note Company (CBN) and the British American Bank Note Company (BABN, now BA International), both of which had designed and printed the preceding Dominion of Canada banknotes.[8]

All but the commemorative $25 banknote began circulating on 11 March 1935, the same day that the Bank of Canada officially started operating.[1][3]. All banknotes contained the words "Ottawa, Issue of 1935" centrally at the top of the obverse, except for the $20 banknote, in which the words appeared below the serial number.[9] This is the only Bank of Canada series that includes $25 and $500 banknotes,[6] and the only series that includes the official seal of the Bank of Canada.[10] The $500 banknote was a "carry-over from Dominion of Canada bank notes", and is the only Bank of Canada banknote series to include this denomination.[6]

Other than the language in which they were printed, the English and French banknotes were the same.[6] In May 1935, deputy governor of the Bank of Canada John Osborne wrote a letter to a colleague in England in which he stated that "the English-speaking population is inclined to mutilate the French notes, and the French population complains they cannot get enough of their own notes".[10]

All banknotes in the series measure 152.4 by 73.025 millimetres (6.000 by 2.875 in), slightly shorter and wider than the 1914, 1918, 1928, and 1934 Federal Reserve Notes in circulation in the United States at the time, and were described by The Ottawa Evening Citizen as a "novelty to Canada".[1] They were printed on a material consisting of 75% linen and 25% cotton manufactured by the Howard Smith Paper Mills (now Domtar).[11]

Denomination Colour Obverse Reverse Printed Issued
$1[12]   Green George V Agriculture allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$2[13]   Blue Queen Mary Transportation allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$5[14]   Orange Edward, Prince of Wales Electric power allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$10[15]   Dark purple Princess Mary Harvest allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$20[16]   Rose Princess Elizabeth Agriculture allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$25[17]   Royal purple King George V and Queen Mary Windsor Castle 1935 6 May 1935
$50[18]   Reddish brown Prince Albert, Duke of York Modern Inventions allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$100[19]   Dark brown Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester Commerce and industry allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$500[20]   Sepia John A. Macdonald Fertility allegory 1935 11 March 1935
$1000[21]   Olive Wilfrid Laurier Security allegory 1935 11 March 1935

The banknotes were printed in greater variation of colour than the Dominion of Canada banknotes that had been previously issued.[1] These were green for the $1 banknote,[12] blue for the $2 banknote,[13] orange for the $5 banknote,[14] dark purple for the $10 banknote,[15] rose for the $20 banknote,[16] reddish brown for the $50 banknote,[18] dark brown for the $100 banknote,[19] sepia for the $500 banknote,[20] and olive for the $1000 banknote.[21] In April 1935, an article in The St. Maurice Valley Chronicle of Trois-Rivières stated that the appearance of the obverse of the $1 and $2 banknotes were too similar, particularly the green hue of the $1 banknote and the blue hue of the $2 banknote.[22] It stated that the colours of the reverse were more distinct, but could be "confused in artificial light".[22] The same article stated that the similarity between the English and French versions of the banknotes was a positive feature.[22]

The design of the banknotes was in a similar formal baroque style of the earlier Dominion of Canada banknotes, with wide variation between the denominations in the series.[10] The central numerals on the obverse of each denomination have a distinct background design, each with a portrait to the left.[10] The corner numerals and decoration are also different for each banknote denomination.[10]

Portraits

The royal portraits used for the engravings were based on older photographs of each member of the royal family, who were said to "appear younger than their years on the new notes".[22] Depicted on the $1 banknote was George V.[12] The portrait and design was approved by Edgar Nelson Rhodes on 10 May 1934, [23] and was subsequently used on six of the banknotes of the 1937 Series.[24]

Queen Mary appeared on the $2 banknote,[13] her portrait based on a photograph by Hay Wrighton that was engraved by Will Ford of the American Bank Note Company (ABN) and master engraver Harry P. Dawson of the BABN.[9][25] The portrait of Edward, Prince of Wales wearing a colonel's uniform on the $5 banknote was based on a Department of External Affairs photograph taken by British photographer Vandyke and engraved by Dawson.[14][25] On the $10 banknote was a portrait of Princess Mary based on a photograph by official British Royal Family photographer Richard Speaight and engraved by Dawson.[15][25]

Princess Elizabeth at the age of 8 appears on the $20 banknote, the portrait based on a Marcus Adams photograph from 1934 for which an engraving was created by master engraver Edwin Gunn of ABN.[16][26][27] the portrait of Prince Albert, Duke of York wearing an admiral's uniform on the $50 banknote was based on a photograph taken by Bertram Park, for which an engraving was made by Robert Savage of ABN.[18][28] The $100 banknote includes a portrait of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester wearing the captain's uniform of the 10th Royal Hussars based on a photograph by Vandyke for which Ford created an engraving.[19]

The portrait of John A. Macdonald wearing a fur-collared coat and engraved by Ford is on the $500 banknote (and was also used on the $100 banknote of the 1937 Series banknotes), and a Gunn engraving of Wilfrid Laurier wearing a Prince Albert coat is the portrait on the $1000 banknote.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=35}[24]

Allegories

Each denomination had a reverse depicted an allegorical figure, the framing of which was different for each denomination.[10] Agriculture was depicted on the $1 and $20 banknotes,[12][16] both based on paintings by Alonzo Foringer of ABN, the former of which the engraving was made by Will Jung.[9][26][29] A transportation allegory created by BABNC artists was on the $2 banknote,[13][9] electric power generation engraved by Dawson on the $5 banknote,[14][25] harvest engraved by Dawson on the $10 banknote,[15][25] modern inventions on the $50 banknote,[18] and commerce and industry on the $100 banknote.[19] The fertility allegory on the $500 banknote was based on another painting by Foringer.[20][29] The allegorical figure of security on the $1000 banknote was previously used on a 1917 issue of Russian bonds.[21][27]

Commemorative $25 banknote

The obverse and reverse of the commemorative $25 banknote.

On 6 May 1925, the Bank of Canada issued a $25 banknote to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of the accession of George V to the throne.[17] It was a royal purple banknote with the portraits of King George V and Queen Mary on the obverse engraved by Ford and Gunn, and a scene depicting Windsor Castle on the reverse engraved by Louis Delmoce of ABN.[17][26]

Printing

All printings of each denomination of the banknote series were signed by Graham Towers, the Governor of the Bank of Canada, and J.A.C. Osborne, the deputy governor.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The English banknotes had serial numbers starting with the letter A, and the French banknotes had serial numbers starting with the letter F.

The Canadian Bank Note Company printed the $1 (series A and F), $20 (series A and F), $50 (series A and F), $100 (series A and F), $500 (series A and F), and $1000 (series A and F) banknotes, and the commemorative $25 banknote.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The British American Bank Note Company printed the $2 (series A and F), $5 (series A and F), and $10 (series A and F) banknotes.[38][39][40]

Collecting

As of 2009, for a banknote graded as "very fine" a collector could expect to pay about US$1,600 for the commemorative $25 banknote, US$1,150 for the $50 banknote, US$750 for the $20 banknote, US$150 for the $10 banknote, and US$50 for the $1 banknote.[41]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e The Ottawa Evening Citizen 1935, p. 1.
  2. ^ Milwaukee Journal 1937, p. 7.
  3. ^ a b c d Powell, p. 29, Establishment of a central bank.
  4. ^ Pomfret 2013, p. 177.
  5. ^ gough (2010), p. 83.
  6. ^ a b c d Bank of Canada.
  7. ^ a b The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006.
  8. ^ The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 21.
  9. ^ a b c d The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 31.
  10. ^ a b c d e f The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 22.
  11. ^ The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 23.
  12. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $1 note.
  13. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $2 note.
  14. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $5 note.
  15. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $10 note.
  16. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $20 note.
  17. ^ a b c d Bank of Canada: $25 note.
  18. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $50 note.
  19. ^ a b c d e Bank of Canada: $100 note.
  20. ^ a b c d Bank of Canada: $500 note.
  21. ^ a b c d Bank of Canada: $1000 note.
  22. ^ a b c d The St. Maurice Valley Chronicle 1935, p. 2.
  23. ^ The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 25.
  24. ^ a b The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 26.
  25. ^ a b c d e The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 32.
  26. ^ a b c The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 33.
  27. ^ a b The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 35.
  28. ^ The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 34.
  29. ^ a b The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 28.
  30. ^ Currency Museum: $1.
  31. ^ Currency Museum: $20.
  32. ^ Currency Museum: $50.
  33. ^ Currency Museum: $100.
  34. ^ Currency Museum: $500.
  35. ^ Currency Museum: $1000.
  36. ^ Currency Museum: $25.
  37. ^ Cuhaj 2010, p. 188–189.
  38. ^ Currency Museum: $2.
  39. ^ Currency Museum: $5.
  40. ^ Currency Museum: $10.
  41. ^ Sieber 2009, p. 1957.

References

  • Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2010). Standard Catalog Of World Paper Money General Issues 1368-1960. Krause Publications. ISBN 9781440216350. ISSN 1538-2001. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Gough, Barry M. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Canada. Historical Dictionaries of the Americas (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810875043. LCCN 2010022542. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Pomfret, Richard (2013). The Economic Development of Canada. Economic history (reprint ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781136593710. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Powell, James. A History of the Canadian dollar. Bank of Canada. ISBN 0662281233. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Sieber, Arlyn (2009). World Coins & Currency, Warman's Companion (2nd ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 9781440219313. LCCN 2008937697. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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