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The Scenes of Canada Series was the fourth series of banknotes issued by the Bank of Canada, first circulated in 1970. It succeeded the 1954 Series, and was replaced by the Birds of Canada series beginning in 1986.

Design

The design process for this series began in 1963 with a primary goal of creating banknotes that were more counterfeit-resistant than the 1954 Series it was to replace.^[1] Conceptual designs were created by Canadian Bank Note Company, British American Bank Note Company, and De La Rue, the latter being the first foreign firm involved in the design of Canadian banknotes.^[1] The design by De La Rue was selected by the Bank of Canada in 1964 as the basis for the new series.^[1]

Each denomination retained the dominant colour of the respective banknote from the 1954 Series: green for the $1 banknote, orange (terracotta) for the $2 banknote, blue for the $5 banknote, mauve (purple) for the $10 banknote, burnt orange (red) for the $50 banknote, and brown for the $100 banknote.^[2]^[3] Because of the multicoloured tints used to complement the design for each banknote, Bank of Canada staff began referring to the series as the "multicoloured series".^[1]

The portraits on the obverse of each denomination were larger than for the same denomination in the 1954 Series.^[3] Initially, all denominations were to feature the portrait of Elizabeth II, but portraits of former prime ministers were used for some denominations at the request pf Edgar Benson, the Minister of Finance in 1968, to "reflect Canada's burgeoning national identity".^[4] The vertical borders of the obverse were curvilinear, the left edge of which had "multicoloured diamonds" bordering a circular frame within which was the Coat of Arms.^[5] It also featured "sweeping guilloché" patterns.^[5]

The reverse of each denomination had a scenic vignette.^[6] The initial design by De La rue included a circular watermark that was excluded from the final design.^[5] A memorandum circulated to designers during the design process stated that the "subjects chosen represent a substantial improvement in range of contrast and detail", to improve security.^[7]

The phrase "this note is legal tender" that appeared in earlier banknote series was replaced by the phrase "will pay to the bearer on demand".^[8]

Security

Colourful, wavy patterns were part of each denomination's design.^[1] The serial numbers on the obverse were printed in red on the left and blue on the right.^[9]

In addition, this is the first series that has interleaving position of English and French text. The interleaving nature is by text on the same side, as well as by denomination. The following table is a complete representation of all positions of English texts on all denominations.

	$1	$2	$5	$10	$20	$50	$100
"Bank of Canada" on obverse	L	R	L	R	L	R	L
Value on obverse	R	L	R	L	R	L	R
"This note is legal tender"	L	R	R	L	L	L	R
"Deputy governor"	R	R	R	L	L	R	L
"Governor"	L	R	R	L	L	R	L
Value on reverse	L	R	L	R	L	R	L
"Bank of Canada" on reverse	R	L	R	L	L	L	R

All notes measure 152.4 × 69.85 mm (6 × 2¾ inches).

1969-1979 ("Scenes of Canada") series
Image		Value	Main Colour	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Design	Issuance	Withdrawal
[1]	[2]	$1	Green and black	Queen Elizabeth II	The parliament buildings from the Ottawa River, Ontario	1973	3 June 1974	30 June 1989
[3]	[4]	$2	Terra cotta	Queen Elizabeth II	Inuit hunting on Baffin Island, Northwest Territories	1974	August 5, 1975	September 2, 1986
[5]	[6]	$5	Blue	Sir Wilfrid Laurier	Salmon seiner BCP 45 in Johnstone Strait, British Columbia	1972	December 4, 1972	October 1, 1979
[7]	[8]	$5	Blue	Sir Wilfrid Laurier		1979	October 1, 1979	April 28, 1986
[9]	[10]	$10	Purple	Sir John A. Macdonald	Oil refinery (Polymer Corporation) in Sarnia, Ontario	1971	November 8, 1971	June 27, 1989
[11]	[12]	$20	Green	Queen Elizabeth II	Moraine Lake and the Rocky Mountains, Alberta	1969	June 22, 1970	December 18, 1979
[13]	[14]	$20	Green	Queen Elizabeth II	Moraine Lake and the Rocky Mountains, Alberta	1979	December 18, 1979	June 29, 1993
[15]	[16]	$50	Red	William Lyon Mackenzie King	The RCMP Musical Ride	1975	March 31, 1975	December 1, 1989
[17]	[18]	$100	Brown	Sir Robert Borden	Lunenburg Harbour, Nova Scotia	1975	May 31, 1976	December 3, 1990
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Banknotes

The dates stamped on the banknotes represent the year in which the original intaglio plates were produced for that denomination.^[9] the most prominent designer for this series was C. Gordon Yorke, who engraved the portraits of Robert Borden and Wilfrid Laurier and the vignettes for four of the seven denominations.^[10]

$1 note

The portrait on the obverse is of Elizabeth II.^[3]

$2 note

The portrait on the obverse is of Elizabeth II.^[3]

The reverse of the $2 banknote features a scene of six men of an Inuit family preparing their kayaks for a hunt, based on a 1950s photograph of Joseph Idlout and his relatives taken at Pond Inlet in Baffin Island by Douglas Wilkinson.^[11]

$5 note

The portrait on the obverse is of Wilfrid Laurier.^[3]

$10 note

The portrait on the obverse is of John A. Macdonald.^[3]

$20 note

The dominant olive green of the banknote is complemented with highlights of mauve, peach, blue, pea green, and "swatches of rainbow".^[3]

The portrait on the obverse is of Elizabeth II.^[3]

The reverse depicts a scene of the Canadian Rockies.^[3]

It was unveiled at a press conference by the Bank of Canada on 18 June 1970, and released into circulation four days later.^[3]

$50 note

The portrait on the obverse is of William Lyon Mackenzie King.^[3]

The obverse depicts a formation from the Musical Ride of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The vignette was suggested by Sterling Suggett, a researcher and banknote designer employed by the Bank of Canada, to honour the RCMP's centennial in 1973.^[4] The image made this banknote the most popular of the series.^[4]

The banknote's colouration was to be the same as that of the $50 banknote of the 1954 Series, but because the Bank of Canada discontinued using the heavy metal required to make the "traditional brilliant orange tint" ink, the colour was thus changed to a dark red.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=68}

$100 note

The portrait on the obverse is of Robert Borden.^[3]

Production

The banknote printers had to buy new equipment to be able to print the banknotes for this series.^[9] Originally, the obverse was printed with one intaglio plate and three lithographic plates and the reverse was printed with one intaglio plate and two lithographic plates, except for the $50 banknote.^[9] In 1984, the Bank of Canada changed the printing process used for printing the reverse of each banknote, using only lithography instead of the steel engraving and lithography that had been previously used, and continued to be used for the obverse^[12] This resulted in a smoother reverse and "slightly sharper" obverse.^[12]

In 1977, the design of the banknotes was modified and the printing process updated to enable automated processing of the banknotes using machines.^[9]

Counterfeiting

In 2007, counterfeit $100 banknotes were found circulating in Regina and Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. These lacked the fine line details present in the genuine banknotes, and had a different texture.^[6] In 2012, counterfeit $50 banknotes were found circulating in parts of Nova Scotia.^[13]

Collecting

By 1989, The Bank of Canada had sold over 50,000 uncut sheets of the $1 banknote, each containing 40 notes with sequential serial numbers.^[14]

Legacy

When first issued into circulation ,there were about 370 million banknotes in circulation from the 1954 Series, 1937 Series, and 1935 Series, having a total face value of about $3.4 billion.^[2] With the release of the first banknote in June 1970, newspaper articles began referring to the banknotes series as "multicolored money" and the "rainbow series", and stating that multicoloured banknotes were returning to Canada since the Bank of Canada had assumed the role as the country's only banknote supplier in 1935.^[3] Some retailers did not believe that the $20, the first banknote of the series issued into circulation, was real currency.^[1]

Because of wearing from use, the average banknote had a life expectancy of between nine and twelve months before being withdrawn from circulation.^[15] In June 1987, the Bank of Canada announced that the $1 banknote would be replaced by the loonie, a $1 coin with a longer lifespan that would reduce production costs for the central bank by about $175 million over 20 years.^[16] It expected to cease distribution of the $1 banknote by January 1989,^[16] but ultimately delayed the final distribution until 30 June 1989.^[15] It stated that withdrawing most of the 300 million $1 banknotes from circulation would take about three months.^[14] The Royal Canadian Mint also increased the number of loonies released into circulation from 1 million in January 1989 to 9.8 million during one week in June.^[15] Acceptance of the loonie was initially poor, so banks and retailers continued to conduct transactions using the banknotes.^[17] By early 1989, support for the change to the $1 coin was 39% amongst Canadians surveyed by the Royal Canadian Mint.^[18] The banknote ceased to be legal tender on 1 July 1990.^[17]

Withdrawal of the $1 banknote resulted in operational cost reductions for some businesses and organizations, such as the Toronto Transit Commission which previously invested over US$500,000 paying individuals to unfold banknotes collected in fare boxes.^[14]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 67.
^ ^a ^b Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle 1970.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Montreal Gazette 1970.
^ ^a ^b ^c The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 68.
^ ^a ^b ^c The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 69.
^ ^a ^b CBC News 2007.
^ The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 72.
^ Cross 1997, p. 237.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 70.
^ The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 71.
^ CBC News 2014.
^ ^a ^b Ottawa Citizen 1984.
^ CBC News 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Reynolds 1989, p. 5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schenectady Gazette 1989.
^ ^a ^b Milwaukee Journal 1987.
^ ^a ^b Milwaukee Sentinel 1988.
^ Reynolds 1989, p. 1.

References

Cross, W. K., ed. (1997). The Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Government Paper Money (10th ed.). Toronto: The Charlton Press. ISBN 0-88968-190-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Reynolds, Richard (1 July 1989). "'Loonie' coin in Canada: Is it for the birds?". Toledo Blade. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
"Scenes of Canada". Bank of Canada. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes (PDF). Bank of Canada. 6 December 2006. ISBN 0660632462.
"Sask. RCMP caution against counterfeit vintage cash". CBC News. 6 April 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
"Fake $50s circulated around N.S." CBC News. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
"Inuit scene on $2 bill has a dark, storied history". CBC News. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
"1969 – 1979 Series, Scenes of Canada". Currency Museum, Bank of Canada. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
"New series of bank notes being printed in Canada". Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle. Vol. 62, no. 45. 8 July 1970. p. 10.
"Canada is shifting to a dollar coin". Associated Press Milwaukee Journal. 30 June 1987. p. 7A.
"'Loonie' replaces paper dollar". Milwaukee Sentinel. Associated Press. 5 July 1988. p. 2 (part 4).
"Multicolored banknotes back". Montreal Gazette. Canadian Press. 19 June 1970. p. 5.
"Banknotes change". Ottawa Citizen. 27 March 1984. p. 39.
"Canada issues no dollar bills, only 'loonies'". Schenectady Gazette. Associated Press. 1 July 1989.

External links

1969-1979 Series, Scenes of Canada at the Collections Canada archive of the Bank of Canada website

[FOOTNOTEThe_Art_and_Design_of_Canadian_Bank_Notes200667-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 67.

[FOOTNOTELadysmith-Chemainus_Chronicle1970-2] Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle 1970.

[FOOTNOTEMontreal_Gazette1970-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Montreal Gazette 1970.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Art_and_Design_of_Canadian_Bank_Notes200668-4] The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 68.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Art_and_Design_of_Canadian_Bank_Notes200669-5] The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 69.

[FOOTNOTECBC_News2007-6] CBC News 2007.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Art_and_Design_of_Canadian_Bank_Notes200672-7] The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 72.

[FOOTNOTECross1997237-8] Cross 1997, p. 237.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Art_and_Design_of_Canadian_Bank_Notes200670-9] The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 70.

[FOOTNOTEThe_Art_and_Design_of_Canadian_Bank_Notes200671-10] The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes 2006, p. 71.

[FOOTNOTECBC_News2014-11] CBC News 2014.

[FOOTNOTEOttawa_Citizen1984-12] Ottawa Citizen 1984.

[FOOTNOTECBC_News2012-13] CBC News 2012.

[FOOTNOTEReynolds19895-14] Reynolds 1989, p. 5.

[FOOTNOTESchenectady_Gazette1989-15] Schenectady Gazette 1989.

[FOOTNOTEMilwaukee_Journal1987-16] Milwaukee Journal 1987.

[FOOTNOTEMilwaukee_Sentinel1988-17] Milwaukee Sentinel 1988.

[FOOTNOTEReynolds19891-18] Reynolds 1989, p. 1.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Design==
+The design process for this series began in 1963 with a primary goal of creating banknotes that were more counterfeit-resistant than the 1954 Series it was to replace.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=67}} Conceptual designs were created by [[Canadian Bank Note Company]], [[BA International|British American Bank Note Company]], and [[De La Rue]], the latter being the first foreign firm involved in the design of Canadian banknotes.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=67}} The design by De La Rue was selected by the Bank of Canada in 1964 as the basis for the new series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=67}}
-Each denomination retained the dominant colour of the respective banknote in the 1954 Series: green for the $1 banknote, orange (terracotta) for the $2 banknote, blue for the $5 banknote, mauve (purple) for the $10 banknote, burnt orange (red) for the $50 banknote, and brown for the $100 banknote.{{sfn|Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle|1970}}{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}}
+Each denomination retained the dominant colour of the respective banknote from the [[1954 Series]]: green for the $1 banknote, orange (terracotta) for the $2 banknote, blue for the $5 banknote, mauve (purple) for the $10 banknote, burnt orange (red) for the $50 banknote, and brown for the $100 banknote.{{sfn|Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle|1970}}{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}} Because of the multicoloured tints used to complement the design for each banknote, Bank of Canada staff began referring to the series as the "multicoloured series".{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=67}}
-The portraits on the obverse of each denomination were larger than for the same denomination in the 1954 Series.{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}}
+The portraits on the obverse of each denomination were larger than for the same denomination in the 1954 Series.{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}} Initially, all denominations were to feature the portrait of [[Elizabeth II]], but portraits of former prime ministers were used for some denominations at the request pf [[Edgar Benson]], the [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Minister of Finance]] in 1968, to "reflect Canada's burgeoning national identity".{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=68}} The vertical borders of the obverse were curvilinear, the left edge of which had "multicoloured diamonds" bordering a circular frame within which was the [[Arms of Canada|Coat of Arms]].{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=69}} It also featured "sweeping guilloché" patterns.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=69}}
-The reverse of each denomination had a scenic vignette.{{sfn|CBC News|2007}}
+The reverse of each denomination had a scenic vignette.{{sfn|CBC News|2007}} The initial design by De La rue included a circular watermark that was excluded from the final design.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=69}} A [[memorandum]] circulated to designers during the design process stated that the "subjects chosen represent a substantial improvement in range of contrast and detail", to improve security.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=72}}
+The phrase "this note is legal tender" that appeared in earlier banknote series was replaced by the phrase "will pay to the bearer on demand".{{sfn|Cross|1997|p=237}}
+==Security==
+Colourful, wavy patterns were part of each denomination's design.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=67}} The serial numbers on the obverse were printed in red on the left and blue on the right.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=70}}<!-- see also subsequent images in the cited ref -->
-The words "this note is legal tender" replaced the phrase "will pay to the bearer on demand".{{sfn|p=237}}
 In addition, this is the first series that has interleaving position of [[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]] text. The interleaving nature is by text on the same side, as well as by denomination. The following table is a complete representation of all positions of English texts on all denominations.
@@ Line 127: / Line 133: @@
 |colspan="8"|{{Standard banknote table notice|standard_scale=Y|BrE=Y}}
 |}
+==Banknotes==
+The dates stamped on the banknotes represent the year in which the original [[intaglio]] plates were produced for that denomination.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=70}} the most prominent designer for this series was C. Gordon Yorke, who engraved the portraits of [[Robert Borden]] and [[Wilfrid Laurier]] and the vignettes for four of the seven denominations.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=71}}
 ===$1 note===
@@ Line 153: / Line 162: @@
 ===$50 note===
 The portrait on the obverse is of [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]].{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}}
+The obverse depicts a formation from the [[Musical Ride]] of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] (RCMP). The vignette was suggested by Sterling Suggett, a researcher and banknote designer employed by the Bank of Canada, to honour the RCMP's centennial in 1973.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=68}} The image made this banknote the most popular of the series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=68}}
+The banknote's colouration was to be the same as that of the $50 banknote of the 1954 Series, but because the Bank of Canada discontinued using the [[Heavy metal (chemistry)|heavy metal]] required to make the "traditional brilliant orange tint" ink, the colour was thus changed to a dark red.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=68}
 ===$100 note===
 The portrait on the obverse is of [[Robert Borden]].{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}}
-==Printing==
+==Production==
-In 1984, the Bank of Canada changed the printing process used for printing the reverse of each banknote, using only lithography instead of the steel engraving and lithography that had been previously used, and continued to be used for the obverse{{sfn|Ottawa Citizen|1984}} This resulted in a smoother reverse and "slightly sharper" obverse.{{sfn|Ottawa Citizen|1984}}
+The banknote printers had to buy new equipment to be able to print the banknotes for this series.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=70}} Originally, the obverse was printed with one [[intaglio]] plate and three lithographic plates and the reverse was printed with one intaglio plate and two lithographic plates, except for the $50 banknote.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=70}} In 1984, the Bank of Canada changed the printing process used for printing the reverse of each banknote, using only lithography instead of the steel engraving and lithography that had been previously used, and continued to be used for the obverse{{sfn|Ottawa Citizen|1984}} This resulted in a smoother reverse and "slightly sharper" obverse.{{sfn|Ottawa Citizen|1984}}
+In 1977, the design of the banknotes was modified and the printing process updated to enable automated processing of the banknotes using machines.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=70}}
 ==Counterfeiting==
@@ Line 167: / Line 182: @@
 ==Legacy==
-When first issued into circulation ,there were about 370 million banknotes in circulation from the 1954 Series, [[1937 Series (banknotes)|1937 Series]], and [[1935 Series (banknotes)|1935 Series]], having a total face value of about $3.4 billion.{{sfn|Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle|1970}} With the release of the first banknote in June 1970, newspaper articles began referring to the banknotes series as "multicolored money" and the "rainbow series", and stating that multicoloured banknotes were returning to Canada since the [[Bank of Canada]] had assumed the role as the country's only banknote supplier in 1935.{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}}
+When first issued into circulation ,there were about 370 million banknotes in circulation from the 1954 Series, [[1937 Series (banknotes)|1937 Series]], and [[1935 Series (banknotes)|1935 Series]], having a total face value of about $3.4 billion.{{sfn|Ladysmith-Chemainus Chronicle|1970}} With the release of the first banknote in June 1970, newspaper articles began referring to the banknotes series as "multicolored money" and the "rainbow series", and stating that multicoloured banknotes were returning to Canada since the [[Bank of Canada]] had assumed the role as the country's only banknote supplier in 1935.{{sfn|Montreal Gazette|1970}} Some retailers did not believe that the $20, the first banknote of the series issued into circulation, was real currency.{{sfn|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006|p=67}}
 Because of wearing from use, the average banknote had a life expectancy of between nine and twelve months before being withdrawn from circulation.{{sfn|Schenectady Gazette|1989}} In June 1987, the [[Bank of Canada]] announced that the $1 banknote would be replaced by the [[loonie]], a $1 coin with a longer lifespan that would reduce production costs for the [[central bank]] by about $175 million over 20 years.{{sfn|Milwaukee Journal|1987}} It expected to cease distribution of the $1 banknote by January 1989,{{sfn|Milwaukee Journal|1987}} but ultimately delayed the final distribution until 30 June 1989.{{sfn|Schenectady Gazette|1989}} It stated that withdrawing most of the 300 million $1 banknotes from circulation would take about three months.{{sfn|Reynolds|1989|p=5}} The [[Royal Canadian Mint]] also increased the number of loonies released into circulation from 1 million in January 1989 to 9.8 million during one week in June.{{sfn|Schenectady Gazette|1989}} Acceptance of the loonie was initially poor, so banks and retailers continued to conduct transactions using the banknotes.{{sfn|Milwaukee Sentinel|1988}} By early 1989, support for the change to the $1 coin was 39% amongst Canadians surveyed by the Royal Canadian Mint.{{sfn|Reynolds|1989|p=1}} The banknote ceased to be legal tender on 1 July 1990.{{sfn|Milwaukee Sentinel|1988}}
@@ Line 181: / Line 196: @@
 *{{cite news|title='Loonie' coin in Canada: Is it for the birds?|last=Reynolds|first=Richard|newspaper=[[Toledo Blade]]|date=1 July 1989|accessdate=21 September 2014|ref=harv}}
 *{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/bank-note-series/past-series/1969-1979/|title=Scenes of Canada|publisher=[[Bank of Canada]]|accessdate=3 March 2014|ref={{harvid|Bank of Canada: Scenes of Canada}} }}
+*{{cite book|url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/promo_art.pdf|title=The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|publisher=Bank of Canada|date=6 December 2006|accessdate=|isbn=0660632462|ref={{harvid|The Art and Design of Canadian Bank Notes|2006}} }}
 *{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/sask-rcmp-caution-against-counterfeit-vintage-cash-1.691122|title=Sask. RCMP caution against counterfeit vintage cash|publisher=CBC News|date=6 April 2007|accessdate=20 September 2014|ref={{harvid|CBC News|2007}} }}
 *{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/fake-50s-circulated-around-n-s-1.1225224|title=Fake $50s circulated around N.S.|publisher=CBC News|date=22 May 2012|accessdate=20 September 2014|ref={{harvid|CBC News|2012}} }}