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Rv. as unsourced. I have never heard anyone call it 'kolkikum'.
remove gallery per WP:IG; provide reason for poss. confusion with N. bulbocodium; remove excess detail in species list; encyclopaedic content should never be collapsed; etc.
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{{Italic title}}{{Not to be confused with|Narcissus bulbocodium}}
{{redirect|Bulbocodium|the daffodil|Narcissus bulbocodium}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|name = ''Colchicum''
|name = ''Colchicum''
|image = Colchicum speciosum000.jpg
|image = Colchicum speciosum000.jpg
|image_caption = ''Colchicum speciosum''
|image_caption = ''[[Colchicum speciosum]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
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|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
|synonyms =
⚫
*''Abandium'' <small>Adans.</small>
{{Collapsible list |{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Abandium '' <small>Adans.</small>
*''Bulbocodium'' <small>L.</small>
*''Bulbocodium '' <small>L.</small>
*''Celsia'' <small>Boehm.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Celsia '' <small>Boehm.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Eudesmis'' <small>Raf.</small> nom. superfl.
*''Eudesmis '' <small>Raf.</small> nom. superfl.
*''Fouha'' <small>Pomel</small>
*''Fouha '' <small>Pomel</small>
*''Geophila'' <small>Bergeret</small> nom. reg.
*''Geophila '' <small>Bergeret</small> nom. reg.
*''Hermodactylum'' <small>(R.Br.) Bartl.</small> nom. inval.
*''Hermodactylum '' <small>(R.Br.) Bartl.</small> nom. inval.
*''Merendera'' <small>Ramond</small>
*''Merendera '' <small>Ramond</small>
*''Monocaryum'' <small>(R.Br.) Rchb.</small>
*''Monocaryum '' <small>(R.Br.) Rchb.</small>
*''Paludana'' <small>Salisb.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Paludana '' <small>Salisb.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Synsiphon'' <small>Regel</small>
⚫
*''Synsiphon '' <small>Regel</small>
}}
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=302745 |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=302745 |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
}}
}}
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The common names "autumn [[crocus]]", "meadow [[saffron]]" and "naked lady" may be applied to the whole genus or to many of its species; they refer to the "naked" crocus-like flowers which appear in late summer or autumn, long before the strap-like foliage which appears in spring.
The common names "autumn [[crocus]]", "meadow [[saffron]]" and "naked lady" may be applied to the whole genus or to many of its species; they refer to the "naked" crocus-like flowers which appear in late summer or autumn, long before the strap-like foliage which appears in spring.


''[[Colchicum melanthioides]]'' is probably the best known species from the [[tropics|tropical]] regions. In contrast to most temperate colchicums the flower and leaves are produced at the same time, the white flowers are usually a small corymb which is enclosed by white bracts. Close relatives (such as ''Colchicum scabromarginatum'' and ''Colchicum coloratum'') have flowers with very short stalks and might be pollinated by rodents.<ref>Kleizen, Midgley & Johnson (2008) Pollination systems of ''Colchicum'' (Colchicaceae) in Southern Africa: evidence for rodent pollination. Ann. Bot. 102: 747-755.</ref>
''[[Colchicum melanthioides]]'' is probably the best known species from the [[tropics|tropical]] regions. In contrast to most temperate colchicums the flower and leaves are produced at the same time, the white flowers are usually a small corymb which is enclosed by white bracts. Close relatives (such as ''[[Colchicum scabromarginatum]]'' and ''[[Colchicum coloratum]]'') have flowers with very short stalks and might be pollinated by rodents.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ciara Kleizen, Jeremy Midgley & Steven D. Johnson |year=2008 |title=Pollination systems of ''Colchicum'' (Colchicaceae) in Southern Africa: evidence for rodent pollination |journal=[[Annals of Botany]] |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=747–755 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcn157 |pmid=18723860}}</ref>


== Cultivation ==
== Cultivation ==
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== Species ==
== Species ==
The following are the species included under ''Colchicum''.<ref name=TPL>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=colchicum ''Colchicum'' in the World Checklist]</ref> Many species previously classified under ''Androcymbium'', ''Bulbocodium'' and ''Merendera'' were [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymized]] under ''Colchicum'' based on [[molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] evidence,<ref>Manning, Forest & Vinnersten (2007) The genus ''Colchicum'' L. redefined to include ''Androcymbium'' Willd. based on molecular evidence. Taxon 56: 872-882.</ref><ref>Persson (2007) Nomenclatural synopsis of the genus ''Colchicum'' (Colchicaceae), with some new species and combinations. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 165-242.</ref><ref>del Hoyo, García-Marín & Pedrola-Monfort (2009) Temporal and spatial diversification of the African disjunct genus ''Androcymbium'' (Colchicaceae). Mol. Phyl. Evol. 53: 848-861.</ref><ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> ''[[Androcymbium]]'' is currently considered a separate genus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=299036 |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
The following are the species included under ''Colchicum''.<ref name=TPL>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=colchicum ''Colchicum'' in the World Checklist]</ref> Many species previously classified under ''Androcymbium'', ''Bulbocodium'' and ''Merendera'' were [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymized]] under ''Colchicum'' based on [[molecular genetics|molecular genetic]] evidence,<ref>{{cite journal |author=John Manning, Felix Forest and Annika Vinnersten |year=2007 |title=The genus ''Colchicum'' L. redefined to include ''Androcymbium'' Willd. based on molecular evidence |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=872–882 |jstor=25065868}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Karin Persson |year=2007 |title=Nomenclatural synopsis of the genus ''Colchicum'' (Colchicaceae), with some new species and combinations |journal=[[Botanische Jahrbücher]] |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=165–242 |doi=10.1127/0006-8152/2007/0127-0165}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alberto del Hoyo, José Luis García-Marín & Joan Pedrola-Monfort |year=2009 |title=Temporal and spatial diversification of the African disjunct genus ''Androcymbium'' (Colchicaceae) |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=848–861 |pmid=19699811 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.005}}</ref><ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> ''[[Androcymbium]]'' is currently considered a separate genus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=299036 |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=February 10, 2014}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
* ''[[Colchicum agrippinum]]'' (probably a [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrid]] of garden origin)
* ''[[Colchicum agrippinum]]'' (probably a [[Hybrid (biology)#Hybrid plants|hybrid]] of garden origin)
* ''[[Colchicum alpinum]]'' <span class="Person">DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle</span>, Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 3: 195 (1805).
* ''[[Colchicum alpinum]]'' <small>DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle</small>
* ''[[Colchicum androcymbioides]]'' <span class="Person">(Valdés) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 169 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum androcymbioides]]'' <small>(Valdés) K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum antepense]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 169 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum antepense]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum antilibanoticum]]'' <span class="Person">Gomb.</span>, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 104: 286 (1957).
* ''[[Colchicum antilibanoticum]]'' <small>Gomb.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum arenarium]]'' <span class="Person">Waldst. & Kit.</span>, Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 195 (1810).
* ''[[Colchicum arenarium]]'' <small>Waldst. & Kit.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum arenasii]]'' <span class="Person">Fridl.</span>, Acta Bot. Gallica 146: 158 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum arenasii]]'' <small>Fridl.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum asteranthum]]'' <span class="Person">Vassiliades & K.M.Perss.</span>, Preslia 74: 57 (2002).
* ''[[Colchicum asteranthum]]'' <small>Vassiliades & K.M.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum atticum]]'' <span class="Person">Spruner ex Tommas.</span>, Flora 23: 780 (1840).
* ''[[Colchicum atticum]]'' <small>Spruner ex Tommas.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum autumnale]]'' <span class="Person">L.</span>, Sp. Pl.: 341 (1753).
* ''[[Colchicum autumnale]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum balansae]]'' <span class="Person">Planch.</span>, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., IV, 4: 145 (1855).
* ''[[Colchicum balansae]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum baytopiorum]]'' <span class="Person">C.D.Brickell</span>, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 49 (1983).
* ''[[Colchicum baytopiorum]]'' <small>C.D.Brickell</small>
* ''[[Colchicum bivonae]]'' <span class="Person">Guss.</span>, Adnot. Cat. Pl. Bocc.: 4 (1821).
* ''[[Colchicum bivonae]]'' <small>Guss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum boissieri]]'' <span class="Person">Orph.</span>, Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 31 (1876).
* ''[[Colchicum boissieri]]'' <small>Orph.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum bulbocodium]]'' <span class="Person">Ker Gawl.</span>, Bot. Mag. 26: t. 1028 (1807):
* ''[[Colchicum bulbocodium]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small>
** ''Colchicum bulbocodium'' subsp. ''bulbocodium.
* ''[[Colchicum burttii]]'' <small>Meikle</small>
* ''[[Colchicum chalcedonicum]]'' <small>Azn.</small>
** ''Colchicum bulbocodium'' var. ''edentatum'' <span class="Person">(Schur) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 179 (2007).
** ''Colchicum bulbocodium'' subsp. ''versicolor'' <span class="Person">(Ker Gawl.) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 178 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum chimonanthum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum burttii]]'' <span class="Person">Meikle</span>, Bot. Mag. 181: 134 (1977).
* ''[[Colchicum chlorobasis]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum chalcedonicum]]'' <span class="Person">Azn.</span>, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 174 (1897):
* ''[[Colchicum cilicicum]]'' <small>(Boiss.) Dammer</small>
** ''Colchicum chalcedonicum'' subsp. ''chalcedonicum.
* ''[[Colchicum confusum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum corsicum]]'' <small>Baker</small>
** ''Colchicum chalcedonicum'' subsp. ''punctatum'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Candollea 53: 405 (1998).
* ''[[Colchicum chimonanthum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Pl. Syst. Evol. 217: 56 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum cretense]]'' <small>Greuter</small>
* ''[[Colchicum chlorobasis]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 62: 182 (2005 publ. 2006).
* ''[[Colchicum crocifolium]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum cilicicum]]'' <span class="Person">(Boiss.) Dammer</span>, Gard. Chron., III, 23: 34 (1898).
* ''[[Colchicum cupanii]]'' <small>Guss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum confusum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Pl. Syst. Evol. 217: 60 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum davisii]]'' <small>C.D.Brickell</small>
* ''[[Colchicum corsicum]]'' <span class="Person">Baker</span>, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 481 (1879).
* ''[[Colchicum decaisnei]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum cretense]]'' <span class="Person">Greuter</span>, Candollea 22: 246 (1967).
* ''[[Colchicum doerfleri]]'' <small>Halácsy</small>
* ''[[Colchicum crocifolium]]'' <span class="Person">Boiss.</span>, Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 67 (1844).
* ''[[Colchicum dolichantherum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum cupanii]]'' <span class="Person">Guss.</span>, Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 452 (1827):
* ''[[Colchicum eichleri]]'' <small>(Regel) K.Perss.</small>
** ''Colchicum cupanii'' subsp. ''cupanii.
* ''[[Colchicum euboeum]]'' <small>(Boiss.) K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum fasciculare]]'' <small>(L.) R.Br.</small>
** ''Colchicum cupanii'' subsp. ''glossophyllum'' <span class="Person">(Heldr.) Rouy</span>, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 646 (1906).
* ''[[Colchicum davisii]]'' <span class="Person">C.D.Brickell</span>, New Plantsman 5: 15 (1998).
* ''[[Colchicum feinbruniae]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum decaisnei]]'' <span class="Person">Boiss.</span>, Fl. Orient. 5: 157 (1882).
* ''[[Colchicum figlalii]]'' <small>(Varol) Parolly & Eren</small>
* ''[[Colchicum filifolium]]'' <small>(Cambess.) Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum doerfleri]]'' <span class="Person">Halácsy</span>, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 742 (1897).
* ''[[Colchicum dolichantherum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 126 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum freynii]]'' <small>Bornm.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum eichleri]]'' <span class="Person">(Regel) K.Perss.</span>, in Fl. Iran. 170: 18 (1992).
* ''[[Colchicum gonarei]]'' <small>Camarda</small>
* ''[[Colchicum euboeum]]'' <span class="Person">(Boiss.) K.Perss.</span>, Candollea 53: 400 (1998).
* ''[[Colchicum graecum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum fasciculare]]'' <span class="Person">(L.) R.Br.</span>, Narr. Travels Africa: 243 (1826).
* ''[[Colchicum greuteri]]'' <small>(Gabrieljan) K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum feinbruniae]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Israel J. Bot. 41: 75 (1992 publ. 1993).
* ''[[Colchicum haynaldii]]'' <small>Heuff.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum figlalii]]'' <span class="Person">(Varol) Parolly & Eren</span>, Willdenowia 37: 267 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum heldreichii]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum filifolium]]'' <span class="Person">(Cambess.) Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 58 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum hierosolymitanum]]'' <small>Feinbrun</small>
* ''[[Colchicum freynii]]'' <span class="Person">Bornm.</span>, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 172 (1917).
* ''[[Colchicum hirsutum]]'' <small>Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum gonarei]]'' <span class="Person">Camarda</span>, Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 17: 227 (1978).
* ''[[Colchicum hungaricum]]'' <small>Janka</small>
* ''[[Colchicum graecum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Willdenowia 18: 34 (1988).
* ''[[Colchicum ignescens]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum greuteri]]'' <span class="Person">(Gabrieljan) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 222 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum imperatoris-friderici]]'' <small>Siehe ex K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum haynaldii]]'' <span class="Person">Heuff.</span>, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 218 (1858).
* ''[[Colchicum inundatum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum heldreichii]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 98 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum kesselringii]]'' <small>Regel</small>
* ''[[Colchicum hierosolymitanum]]'' <span class="Person">Feinbrun</span>, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 6: 84 (1953).
* ''[[Colchicum kotschyi]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum hirsutum]]'' <span class="Person">Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 34 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum kurdicum]]'' <small>(Bornm.) Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum hungaricum]]'' <span class="Person">Janka</span>, Term. Füz. 10: 75 (1886).
* ''[[Colchicum laetum]]'' <small>Steven</small>
* ''[[Colchicum ignescens]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 191 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum lagotum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum imperatoris-friderici]]'' <span class="Person">Siehe ex K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 129 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum leptanthum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum inundatum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 99 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum lingulatum]]'' <small>Boiss. & Spruner in P.E.Boissier</small>
* ''[[Colchicum kesselringii]]'' <span class="Person">Regel</span>, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 646 (1884).
* ''[[Colchicum longifolium]]'' <small>Castagne</small>
* ''[[Colchicum kotschyi]]'' <span class="Person">Boiss.</span>, Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 38 (1854).
* ''[[Colchicum lusitanum]]'' <small>Brot.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum kurdicum]]'' <span class="Person">(Bornm.) Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 42 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum luteum]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Colchicum laetum]]'' <span class="Person">Steven</span>, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 262 (1829).
* ''[[Colchicum macedonicum]]'' <small>Kosanin</small>
* ''[[Colchicum lagotum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 197 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum macrophyllum]]'' <small>B.L.Burtt</small>
* ''[[Colchicum leptanthum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 135: 85 (2001).
* ''[[Colchicum manissadjianii]]'' <small>(Azn.) K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum lingulatum]]'' <span class="Person">Boiss. & Spruner in P.E.Boissier</span>, Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 66 (1844):
* ''[[Colchicum micaceum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
** ''Colchicum lingulatum'' subsp. ''lingulatum.
* ''[[Colchicum micranthum]]'' <small>Boiss.</small>
** ''Colchicum lingulatum'' subsp. ''rigescens'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Candollea 53: 411 (1998).
* ''[[Colchicum minutum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum longifolium]]'' <span class="Person">Castagne</span>, Cat. Pl. Marseille: 135 (1845).
* ''[[Colchicum mirzoevae]]'' <small>(Gabrieljan) K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum lusitanum]]'' <span class="Person">Brot.</span>, Phytogr. Lusit. Select. 2: 211 (1827).
* ''[[Colchicum montanum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum luteum]]'' <span class="Person">Baker</span>, Gard. Chron., n.s., 2: 33 (1874).
* ''[[Colchicum multiflorum]]'' <small>Brot.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum macedonicum]]'' <span class="Person">Kosanin</span>, Glas Akad. Nauk. & Beogradu 85: 232 (1911).
* ''[[Colchicum munzurense]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum macrophyllum]]'' <span class="Person">B.L.Burtt</span>, Kew Bull. 5: 433 (1950 publ. 1951).
* ''[[Colchicum nanum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum manissadjianii]]'' <span class="Person">(Azn.) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 202 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum neapolitanum]]'' <small>(Ten.) Ten.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum micaceum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 95 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum parlatoris]]'' <small>Orph.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum micranthum]]'' <span class="Person">Boiss.</span>, Fl. Orient. 5: 162 (1882).
* ''[[Colchicum parnassicum]]'' <small>Sart., Orph. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier</small>
* ''[[Colchicum minutum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 90 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum paschei]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum mirzoevae]]'' <span class="Person">(Gabrieljan) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 222 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum peloponnesiacum]]'' <small>Rech.f. & P.H.Davis</small>
* ''[[Colchicum montanum]]'' <span class="Person">L.</span>, Sp. Pl.: 342 (1753).
* ''[[Colchicum persicum]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Colchicum multiflorum]]'' <span class="Person">Brot.</span>, Fl. Lusit. 1: 597 (1804).
* ''[[Colchicum polyphyllum]]'' <small>Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier</small>
* ''[[Colchicum munzurense]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 86 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum pulchellum]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum nanum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 206 (2007).
* ''[[Colchicum pusillum]]'' <small>Sieber</small>
* ''[[Colchicum neapolitanum]]'' <span class="Person">(Ten.) Ten.</span>, Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 5: 11 (1826).
* ''[[Colchicum raddeanum]]'' <small>(Regel) K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum parlatoris]]'' <span class="Person">Orph.</span>, Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 82 (1876).
* ''[[Colchicum rausii]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum parnassicum]]'' <span class="Person">Sart., Orph. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier</span>, Diagn. Pl. Orient., II, 4: 122 (1859).
* ''[[Colchicum ritchii]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum paschei]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 110 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum robustum]]'' <small>(Bunge) Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum peloponnesiacum]]'' <span class="Person">Rech.f. & P.H.Davis</span>, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 95: 427 (1949).
* ''[[Colchicum sanguicolle]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum persicum]]'' <span class="Person">Baker</span>, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 430 (1879).
* ''[[Colchicum schimperi]]'' <small>Janka ex Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum polyphyllum]]'' <span class="Person">Boiss. & Heldr. in P.E.Boissier</span>, Diagn. Pl. Orient., II, 4: 121 (1859).
* ''[[Colchicum serpentinum]]'' <small>Woronow ex Miscz.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum pulchellum]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Willdenowia 18: 30 (1988).
* ''[[Colchicum sfikasianum]]'' <small>Kit Tan & Iatroú</small>
* ''[[Colchicum pusillum]]'' <span class="Person">Sieber</span>, Flora 5: 248 (1822).
* ''[[Colchicum sieheanum]]'' <small>Hausskn. ex Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum raddeanum]]'' <span class="Person">(Regel) K.Perss.</span>, in Fl. Iran. 170: 22 (1992).
* ''[[Colchicum soboliferum]]'' <small>(C.A.Mey.) Stef.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum rausii]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Pl. Syst. Evol. 217: 58 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum speciosum]]'' <small>Steven</small>
* ''[[Colchicum ritchii]]'' <span class="Person">R.Br.</span>, Narr. Travels Africa, App.: 241 (1826).
* ''[[Colchicum stevenii]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Colchicum robustum]]'' <span class="Person">(Bunge) Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 24 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum szovitsii]]'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum sanguicolle]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 92 (1999).
* ''[[Colchicum trigynum]]'' <small>(Steven ex Adam) Stearn</small>
* ''[[Colchicum schimperi]]'' <span class="Person">Janka ex Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 31 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum triphyllum]]'' (<small>Kunze</small>
* ''[[Colchicum serpentinum]]'' <span class="Person">Woronow ex Miscz.</span>, in Fl. Cauc. Crit. 3(4): 114 (1912).
* ''[[Colchicum troodi]]'' <small>Kotschy in F.Unger & C.G.T.Kotschy</small>
* ''[[Colchicum sfikasianum]]'' <span class="Person">Kit Tan & Iatroú</span>, Rock Gard. 24(3): 255 (1995).
* ''[[Colchicum tunicatum]]'' <small>Feinbrun</small>
* ''[[Colchicum sieheanum]]'' <span class="Person">Hausskn. ex Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 47 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum turcicum]]'' <small>Janka</small>
* ''[[Colchicum soboliferum]]'' <span class="Person">(C.A.Mey.) Stef.</span>, Sborn. B'lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 44 (1926).
* ''[[Colchicum tuviae]]'' <small>Feinbrun</small>
* ''[[Colchicum speciosum]]'' <span class="Person">Steven</span>, Observ. Pl. Ross. 2: 69 (1824).
* ''[[Colchicum umbrosum]]'' <small>Steven</small>
** ''[[Colchicum speciosum]]'' var. ''bornmuelleri'' Freyn, Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 7: 319 (1889).
* ''[[Colchicum varians]]'' <small>(Freyn & Bornm.) Dyer in B.D.Jackson</small>
* ''[[Colchicum stevenii]]'' <span class="Person">Kunth</span>, Enum. Pl. 4: 144 (1843).
* ''[[Colchicum variegatum]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum szovitsii]]'' <span class="Person">Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</span>, Index Seminum (LE) 1: 24 (1835).
* ''[[Colchicum wendelboi]]'' <small>K.Perss.</small>
* ''[[Colchicum woronowii]]'' <small>Bokeriya</small>
** ''Colchicum szovitsii'' subsp. ''brachyphyllum'' <span class="Person">(Boiss. & Hausskn.) K.Perss.</span>, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 127: 221 (2007):
** ''Colchicum szovitsii'' subsp. ''szovitsii.
* ''[[Colchicum zahnii]]'' <small>Heldr.</span>
{{div col end}}
* ''[[Colchicum trigynum]]'' <span class="Person">(Steven ex Adam) Stearn</span>, J. Bot. 72: 344 (1934).
* ''[[Colchicum triphyllum]]'' (<span class="Person">Kunze</span>), Flora 29: 755 (1846).
* ''[[Colchicum troodi]]'' <span class="Person">Kotschy in F.Unger & C.G.T.Kotschy</span>, Ins. Cypern: 190 (1865).
* ''[[Colchicum tunicatum]]'' <span class="Person">Feinbrun</span>, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 6: 87 (1953).
* ''[[Colchicum turcicum]]'' <span class="Person">Janka</span>, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 23: 242 (1873).
* ''[[Colchicum tuviae]]'' <span class="Person">Feinbrun</span>, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 6: 79 (1953).
* ''[[Colchicum umbrosum]]'' <span class="Person">Steven</span>, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 268 (1829).
* ''[[Colchicum varians]]'' <span class="Person">(Freyn & Bornm.) Dyer in B.D.Jackson</span>, Index Kew., Suppl. 2: 45 (1904).
* ''[[Colchicum variegatum]]'' <span class="Person">L.</span>, Sp. Pl.: 342 (1753).
* ''[[Colchicum wendelboi]]'' <span class="Person">K.Perss.</span>, in Fl. Iran. 170: 19 (1992).
* ''[[Colchicum woronowii]]'' <span class="Person">Bokeriya</span>, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 201 (1990).
* ''[[Colchicum zahnii]]'' <span class="Person">Heldr.</span>, Exsicc. (Herb. Graec. Norm.) 1900: 1586 (1900).

==Gallery==

<gallery>
Image:Colchicum alpinum1 cropped.jpg| ''Colchicum alpinum''
Image:Colchicum antilibanoticum 1.jpg|''Colchicum antilibanoticum''
Image:Colchicum arenarium.jpg|''Colchicum arenarium''
Image:Colchicum autumnale.jpg | ''Colchicum autumnale''
Image:Colchicum bowlesianum01.jpg|''Colchicum bivonae''
Image:Bulbocodium.JPG| ''Colchicum bulbocodium''
Image:Colchicum cilicicum001.jpg|''Colchicum cilicicum''
Image:Colchicum feinbruniae 1.JPG|''Colchicum feinbruniae''
Image:Colchicum figlalii.jpg|''Colchicum figlalii''
Image:Colchicum hierosolymitanum 1.jpg|''Colchicum hierosolymitanum''
Image:Colchicum hungaricum 005.jpg|''Colchicum hungaricum''
Image:Colchicum lusitanum - cropped.jpg|''Colchicum lusitanum''
Image:Merendera pyrenaica.jpg|''Colchicum montanum''
Image:Colchicum ritchii 2.JPG|''Colchicum ritchii''
Image:Colchicum speciosum005.jpg| ''Colchicum speciosum''
Image:Colchicum bornmuelleri - flower3.jpg|''Colchicum speciosum''<br>var. ''bornmuelleri''
Image:Colchicum stevenii 2.JPG|''Colchicum stevenii''
Image:Colchicum brachyphyllum.JPG|''Colchicum szovitsii''<br>subsp. ''brachyphyllum''
Image:Colchicum troodi 1.JPG|''Colchicum troodi''
Image:Sitvanit.JPG|''Colchicum tunicatum''
Image:Colchicum tuviae 2.jpg|''Colchicum tuviae''
Image:Colchicum variegatum.gif|''Colchicum variegatum''
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|32em}}


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
⚫
{{Commons}}
⚫
{{Wikispecies}}
* Suite 101. Plants and Bulbs: Hardy Fall-Blooming Bulbs for Your Garden
* Suite 101. Plants and Bulbs: Hardy Fall-Blooming Bulbs for Your Garden
* [https://www.veseys.com/ca/en/learn/guide/bulbinfo/colchicumf Veseys: Information for gardeners]
* [https://www.veseys.com/ca/en/learn/guide/bulbinfo/colchicumf Veseys: Information for gardeners]

⚫
{{Commons}}
⚫
{{Wikispecies}}


[[Category:Colchicum| ]]
[[Category:Colchicum| ]]

Revision as of 07:09, 28 October 2014

"Bulbocodium" redirects here. For the daffodil, see Narcissus bulbocodium.

Colchicum
Colchicum speciosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Liliales
Family:
Colchicaceae
Genus:
Colchicum

Synonyms[1]
  • Abandium Adans.
  • Bulbocodium L.
  • Celsia Boehm. nom. illeg.
  • Eudesmis Raf. nom. superfl.
  • Fouha Pomel
  • Geophila Bergeret nom. reg.
  • Hermodactylum (R.Br.) Bartl. nom. inval.
  • Merendera Ramond
  • Monocaryum (R.Br.) Rchb.
  • Paludana Salisb. nom. illeg.
  • Synsiphon Regel

Colchicum (/ˈkɒltʃ[invalid input: 'ɨ']kəm/) is a genus of perennial flowering plants containing around 160 species which grow from bulb-like corms. It is a member of the botanical family Colchicaceae, and is native to West Asia, Europe, parts of the Mediterranean coast, down the East African coast to South Africa and the Western Cape. In this genus the ovary of the flower is underground. As a consequence, the styles are extremely long in proportion, often more than 10 cm (4 in).

Common names

The common names "autumn crocus", "meadow saffron" and "naked lady" may be applied to the whole genus or to many of its species; they refer to the "naked" crocus-like flowers which appear in late summer or autumn, long before the strap-like foliage which appears in spring.

Colchicum melanthioides is probably the best known species from the tropical regions. In contrast to most temperate colchicums the flower and leaves are produced at the same time, the white flowers are usually a small corymb which is enclosed by white bracts. Close relatives (such as Colchicum scabromarginatum and Colchicum coloratum) have flowers with very short stalks and might be pollinated by rodents.[2]

Cultivation

Temperate colchicums are commonly grown in gardens as ornamental flowers. They include cultivars and hybrids such as:-

  • C. autumnale 'Alboplenum' (white)
  • C. autumnale 'Nancy Lindsay'agm[3] (mauve pink)
  • C. autumnale 'Pleniflorum' (red)
  • C. 'Dick Trotter' (violet with white centre)
  • C. 'Disraeli' (purple white),
  • C. 'Giant' (red with white centre)
  • C. 'Harlekijn' (white with purple band)
  • C. 'Lilac Wonder' (lilac)
  • C. 'Pink Goblet'agm[4] (violet-purple)
  • C. 'Poseidon' (purple)
  • C. 'Rosy Dawn'agm[5] (rose pink)
  • C. 'Violet Queen' (purple)
  • C. 'Waterlily'agm[6] (double, lilac-pink)

(Those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit).

In the United Kingdom, the National Collection of colchicums is maintained at Felbrigg Hall, Norfolk.

Medicinal uses and poisonous properties

The plant contains the alkaloid colchicine which is used pharmaceutically to treat gout and Familial Mediterranean fever. The use of the roots and seeds in traditional medicine is thought to have arisen due to the presence of this drug.

Its leaves, corm and seeds are poisonous. Murderess Catherine Wilson is thought to have used it to poison a number of victims in the 19th century.

Species

The following are the species included under Colchicum.[7] Many species previously classified under Androcymbium, Bulbocodium and Merendera were synonymized under Colchicum based on molecular genetic evidence,[8][9][10][11] Androcymbium is currently considered a separate genus.[12]

References

  1. ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  2. ^ Ciara Kleizen, Jeremy Midgley & Steven D. Johnson (2008). "Pollination systems of Colchicum (Colchicaceae) in Southern Africa: evidence for rodent pollination". Annals of Botany. 102 (5): 747–755. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn157. PMID 18723860.
  3. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Colchicum autumnale 'Nancy Lindsay'". Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  4. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Colchicum 'Pink Goblet'". Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  5. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Colchicum 'Rosy Dawn'". Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  6. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Colchicum 'Waterlily'". Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  7. ^ Colchicum in the World Checklist
  8. ^ John Manning, Felix Forest and Annika Vinnersten (2007). "The genus Colchicum L. redefined to include Androcymbium Willd. based on molecular evidence". Taxon. 56 (3): 872–882. JSTOR 25065868.
  9. ^ Karin Persson (2007). "Nomenclatural synopsis of the genus Colchicum (Colchicaceae), with some new species and combinations". Botanische Jahrbücher. 127 (2): 165–242. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2007/0127-0165.
  10. ^ Alberto del Hoyo, José Luis García-Marín & Joan Pedrola-Monfort (2009). "Temporal and spatial diversification of the African disjunct genus Androcymbium (Colchicaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (3): 848–861. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.005. PMID 19699811.
  11. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  12. ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved February 10, 2014.

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colchicum.

Wikispecies has information related to Colchicum.
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