Jump to content

Edmund Beaufort (died 1471): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
PBS (talk | contribs)
Autopatrolled
116,854 edits
m PBS moved page Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset to Edmund Beaufort (died 1471): The DNB makes it clear he was styled 4th Duke of Somerset but the thrid Duke had been attained by an act of Parliament, so the title was not legal ony a syle...
PBS (talk | contribs)
Autopatrolled
116,854 edits
expand using the DNB supplement
Line 30: Line 30:
| religion =
| religion =
}}
}}
'''Edmund Beaufort''' (1438? &ndash; 6 May 1471), styled 4th Duke of Somerset by Lancastrians, was an English nobleman, and a military commander during the [[Wars of the Roses]], in which he supported the [[House of Lancaster]].{{efn|The 3rd Duke of Somerset was attainted by Parliament on 4 November 1461, and most of his lands had been granted to King Edward IV's brother [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], and other Yorkists.<ref>{{harvnb|Pollard|1901a|p=157}} cites ''Cal. Patent Rolls'', 1461-5, pp. 29, 32; Stubbs, iii. 196).</ref> 3rd Duke received a general pardon on 10 March 1463,<ref>{{harvnb|Pollard|1901|p=157}} cites ''Cal. Patent Rolls''. 1461-5, p. 261.</ref> but after his execution Parliament annulled the act restoring him to his dignities, which again became forfeit and were not restored.{{sfn|Pollard|1901|p=157}} So although Edmund Beaufort was styled by supporters of the House of Lancaster as 4th Duke of Somerset by act of Parliament he had not legitimate right to use the title. In 1485, some twenty-one years after the death of the 3rd Duke, the 3rd Duke, along with [[Jasper Tudor]], had all acts of attainder against him annulled in the first Parliament of Henry VII, "for their true and faithfull Allegeaunces and Services doune to the said blessed King Herrie [VI]."<ref>{{cite web|title=Rotuli Parliamentorum A.D. 1485 1 Henry VII|url=http://partyparcel.co.uk/information/price-guarantee.html#restitution_henryvi}}</ref>}}
'''Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset, 6th Earl of Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, 3rd Earl of Dorset''' (1438? &ndash; 6 May 1471) was an English nobleman, and a military commander during the [[Wars of the Roses]], in which he supported the [[House of Lancaster]].


==Life==
==Life==
⚫
[[File:Arms of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset.svg|125px|left|thumb|[[Coat of arms]] of Beaufort, earls and dukes of Somerset]]
He was the son of [[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset]] and [[Lady Eleanor Beauchamp]], and became heir to the dukedom of Somerset at the death of his elder brother [[Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset|Henry]] in 1464. However, the title was forfeited during the early part of the reign of [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] but briefly restored on the old monarch's restoration.{{sfn|Pollard|1901}}
Edmund Beaufort, born about 1438, was the son of was the son of [[Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset]], and [[Lady Eleanor Beauchamp|Eleanor]], daughter of [[Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick]] and widow of Thomas, fourteenth baron Roos of Hamlake.{{sfn|Pollard|1901|p=156}}

After the defeat of the Lancastrians in 1461, Edmund was brought up in France with his younger brother [[[[John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset|John]], and on the execution of his elder brother [[Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset]], Edmund is said to have succeeded as 4th Duke by Lancastrians in February 1471, but his brother's attainder was never reversed, and his titles remained forfeit. In a proclamation dated 27 April 1471 Edmund is spoken of as "Edmund Beaufort, calling himself duke of Somerset".{{sfn|Pollard|1901|p=156}}


In 1470, when [[Margaret of Anjou|Queen Margaret]] and [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick|Warwick]] ('The Kingmaker') reconciled to restore her husband [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], who was the first monarch ousted by the family feud, and whom due to occasional insanity she assisted in his duties, Somerset was unenthusiastic over the reconciliation and made little effort to co-operate. In fact his failure to hold London against Edward was a decisive moment, leading to the [[Battle of Barnet]] (April 1471) and the death of Warwick. Some sources say he was present at Barnet, but this is an error.<ref>Ross, ''Edward IV'', p. 167 n. 2</ref>
On 4 May 1471 Beaufort returned from France when [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] was driven from the throne{{sfn|Pollard|1901|p=156}} after [[Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick|Warwick;s]] defection and alliance with [[Margaret of Anjou|Queen Margaret]] and the restoration of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], who was the first monarch ousted by the family feud, and whom due to occasional insanity she assisted in his duties, Somerset was unenthusiastic over the reconciliation and made little effort to co-operate. In fact his failure to hold London against Edward was a decisive moment, leading to the [[Battle of Barnet]] (April 1471) and the death of Warwick. Some sources say he was present at Barnet, but this is an error.<ref>Ross, ''Edward IV'', p. 167 n. 2</ref>


Fleeing west to seek help from [[Jasper Tudor]] towards [[Wales]], but halted by the Yorkist army at the [[Battle of Tewkesbury]] (4 May 1471), he commanded the Lancastrian right wing, and led a fierce charge against the Yorkist left under [[William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings|Lord Hastings]] in Red Pierce Meadow. But the charge was not supported by either the [[John Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon|Earl of Devon]] or [[John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock|Lord Wenlock]], and Somerset's force was driven back with heavy losses. Somerset blamed Wenlock for the disaster, and personally killed him on the field.<ref>Scheduled Ancient Monument - Tewkesbury site of the battle {{NHLE|num=1000039}}</ref>
Fleeing west to seek help from [[Jasper Tudor]] towards [[Wales]], but halted by the Yorkist army at the [[Battle of Tewkesbury]] (4 May 1471),{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} he commanded the van of the Lancastrian army at the [[battle of Tewkesbury]], His position was almost unassailable,<ref>{{harv|Pollard|1901|p=156}} see plan in Ramsay, ii. 379.</ref><ref>Scheduled Ancient Monument - Tewkesbury site of the battle {{NHLE|num=1000039}}</ref> but, for some unknown reason, after the battle began he moved down from the heights and attacked Edward IV's right flank. He was assailed by both the king and [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]], and was soon put to flight, his conduct having practically decided the battle in favour of the Yorkists.<ref>{{harvnb|Pollard|1901|p=156}} cites Arrivall of Edward IV, Camden Soc. pp. 29-30; Warkworth, p. 18; Hall, p. 300.</ref>


After the defeat, Somerset and other Lancastrian leaders took refuge in [[Tewkesbury Abbey]], but they were forced from sanctuary two days later. They were tried and executed immediately, at the Cross in the centre of [[Tewkesbury]]; Edmund and his younger brother [[John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset|John]], who had fallen in the battle, were buried at the Abbey.
After the defeat, Somerset and other Lancastrian leaders took refuge in [[Tewkesbury Abbey]], but they were forced from sanctuary two days later.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}} They were tried and executed immediately, at the Cross in the centre of [[Tewkesbury]]{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}, on Monday 6 May 1471.{{sfn|Pollard|1901|p=156}} He was buried on the south side of Tewkesbury Abbey, under an arch.<ref>{{harvnb|Pollard|1901|p=156}} cites Dyde, ''Hist. and Antiq, of Tewkesbury'', pp. 21-2.</ref> His younger brother John had been killed during the battle, and as both died unmarried, "the house of Beaufort and all the honours to which they were entitled became extinct".{{sfn|Pollard|1901|p=156}}


⚫
The execution shortly thereafter of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] left Edmund's aunt, [[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby|Margaret Beaufort]], and her son, [[Henry VII of England|Henry Tudor]], as the senior representatives of the [[House of Lancaster]].{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}
⚫
[[Image:Arms of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset.svg|125px|right|thumb|[[Coat of arms]] of Beaufort, earls and dukes of Somerset]]
With the death of Edmund and John, the House of Beaufort was extinct in the male line. {{sfn|Pollard|1901}}
⚫
The execution shortly thereafter of [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] left Edmund's aunt, [[Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby|Margaret Beaufort]], and her son, [[Henry VII of England|Henry Tudor]], as the senior representatives of the [[House of Lancaster]].


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
Line 87: Line 90:
}}</center>
}}</center>
{{Ahnentafel bottom}}
{{Ahnentafel bottom}}

==Popular culture==
Somerset figures somewhat prominently, and not quite historically, in Shakespeare's ''Third Part of Henry VI.''


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
<references/>
{{reflist|30em}}



==References==
==References==
* {{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Beaufort, Edmund (1438?-1471)|first=Albert Frederick|last=Pollard}}
* {{cite DNBSupp|ref=harv |last=Pollard |year=1901a |first=Albert Frederick |wstitle=Beaufort, Henry (1436-1464) | volume=I | pages=157–158 }}

'''Attribution'''
* {{DNBSupp|ref=harv |last=Pollard |first=Albert Frederick |wstitle=Beaufort, Edmund (1438?-1471) | volume=I |page=156}} Endnotes:
** ''Arrivall of Edward IV and Warkworth's Chron.'' (Camden Soc.)
** Hall's ''Chronicle''
** ''Polydore Vergil''
** ''Cal. Patent Polls''
** Stubbs's ''Const. Hist.'' iii. 208, 210
** Ramsay's ''Lancaster and York'', ii. 380-2
** Doyle's ''Official Baronage''
** G. E. Cokayne's ''Complete Peerage''
** ''Notes and Queries'', 4th ser. xii. 29, 276.


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
Line 107: Line 127:


{{Persondata
{{Persondata
| name = Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of
| name = Beaufort, Edmund
| alternative names =
| alternative names =
| short description = Duke of Somerset
| short description = styled Duke of Somerset
| date of birth =
| date of birth =
| place of birth =
| place of birth =

Revision as of 20:46, 29 January 2015

Edmund Beaufort
Duke of Somerset
Execution of the Duke at Tewkesbury in 1471
Born1438 (?)
6 May 1471 (aged 32–33)
DiedTewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England
BuriedTewkesbury Abbey
Noble familyBeaufort
FatherEdmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
MotherLady Eleanor Beauchamp

Edmund Beaufort (1438? – 6 May 1471), styled 4th Duke of Somerset by Lancastrians, was an English nobleman, and a military commander during the Wars of the Roses, in which he supported the House of Lancaster.[a]


Life

Coat of arms of Beaufort, earls and dukes of Somerset

Edmund Beaufort, born about 1438, was the son of was the son of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, and Eleanor, daughter of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick and widow of Thomas, fourteenth baron Roos of Hamlake.[5]

After the defeat of the Lancastrians in 1461, Edmund was brought up in France with his younger brother [[John, and on the execution of his elder brother Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, Edmund is said to have succeeded as 4th Duke by Lancastrians in February 1471, but his brother's attainder was never reversed, and his titles remained forfeit. In a proclamation dated 27 April 1471 Edmund is spoken of as "Edmund Beaufort, calling himself duke of Somerset".[5]

On 4 May 1471 Beaufort returned from France when Edward IV was driven from the throne[5] after Warwick;s defection and alliance with Queen Margaret and the restoration of Henry VI, who was the first monarch ousted by the family feud, and whom due to occasional insanity she assisted in his duties, Somerset was unenthusiastic over the reconciliation and made little effort to co-operate. In fact his failure to hold London against Edward was a decisive moment, leading to the Battle of Barnet (April 1471) and the death of Warwick. Some sources say he was present at Barnet, but this is an error.[6]

Fleeing west to seek help from Jasper Tudor towards Wales, but halted by the Yorkist army at the Battle of Tewkesbury (4 May 1471),[citation needed] he commanded the van of the Lancastrian army at the battle of Tewkesbury, His position was almost unassailable,[7][8] but, for some unknown reason, after the battle began he moved down from the heights and attacked Edward IV's right flank. He was assailed by both the king and Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and was soon put to flight, his conduct having practically decided the battle in favour of the Yorkists.[9]

After the defeat, Somerset and other Lancastrian leaders took refuge in Tewkesbury Abbey, but they were forced from sanctuary two days later.[citation needed] They were tried and executed immediately, at the Cross in the centre of Tewkesbury[citation needed], on Monday 6 May 1471.[5] He was buried on the south side of Tewkesbury Abbey, under an arch.[10] His younger brother John had been killed during the battle, and as both died unmarried, "the house of Beaufort and all the honours to which they were entitled became extinct".[5]

The execution shortly thereafter of Henry VI left Edmund's aunt, Margaret Beaufort, and her son, Henry Tudor, as the senior representatives of the House of Lancaster.[citation needed]

Ancestry

Family of Edmund Beaufort (died 1471)
16. Edward III of England
8. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
17. Philippa of Hainault
4. John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset
18. Payne de Roet
9. Katherine Swynford
2. Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
20. Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
10. Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent
21. Joan of Kent
5. Margaret Holland
22. Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel
11. Alice Fitzalan
23. Eleanor of Lancaster
1. Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset
24. Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
12. Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick
25. Katherine Mortimer
6. Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick
26. William Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Groby
13. Margaret Ferrers
27. Margaret de Ufford
3. Lady Eleanor Beauchamp
28. Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley
14. Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley
29. Elizabeth le Despenser
7. Elizabeth de Berkeley
30. Warin de Lisle, 2nd Lord Lisle
15. Margaret de Lisle, Baroness Lisle
31. Margaret Pipard

Somerset figures somewhat prominently, and not quite historically, in Shakespeare's Third Part of Henry VI.

Notes

  1. ^ The 3rd Duke of Somerset was attainted by Parliament on 4 November 1461, and most of his lands had been granted to King Edward IV's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and other Yorkists.[1] 3rd Duke received a general pardon on 10 March 1463,[2] but after his execution Parliament annulled the act restoring him to his dignities, which again became forfeit and were not restored.[3] So although Edmund Beaufort was styled by supporters of the House of Lancaster as 4th Duke of Somerset by act of Parliament he had not legitimate right to use the title. In 1485, some twenty-one years after the death of the 3rd Duke, the 3rd Duke, along with Jasper Tudor, had all acts of attainder against him annulled in the first Parliament of Henry VII, "for their true and faithfull Allegeaunces and Services doune to the said blessed King Herrie [VI]."[4]
  1. ^ Pollard 1901a, p. 157 cites Cal. Patent Rolls, 1461-5, pp. 29, 32; Stubbs, iii. 196).
  2. ^ Pollard 1901, p. 157 cites Cal. Patent Rolls. 1461-5, p. 261.
  3. ^ Pollard 1901, p. 157.
  4. ^ "Rotuli Parliamentorum A.D. 1485 1 Henry VII".
  5. ^ a b c d e Pollard 1901, p. 156.
  6. ^ Ross, Edward IV, p. 167 n. 2
  7. ^ (Pollard 1901, p. 156) see plan in Ramsay, ii. 379.
  8. ^ Scheduled Ancient Monument - Tewkesbury site of the battle Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1000039)". National Heritage List for England.
  9. ^ Pollard 1901, p. 156 cites Arrivall of Edward IV, Camden Soc. pp. 29-30; Warkworth, p. 18; Hall, p. 300.
  10. ^ Pollard 1901, p. 156 cites Dyde, Hist. and Antiq, of Tewkesbury, pp. 21-2.


References

Attribution

  • Wikisource This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). "Beaufort, Edmund (1438?-1471)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. I. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 156. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help) Endnotes:
    • Arrivall of Edward IV and Warkworth's Chron. (Camden Soc.)
    • Hall's Chronicle
    • Polydore Vergil
    • Cal. Patent Polls
    • Stubbs's Const. Hist. iii. 208, 210
    • Ramsay's Lancaster and York, ii. 380-2
    • Doyle's Official Baronage
    • G. E. Cokayne's Complete Peerage
    • Notes and Queries, 4th ser. xii. 29, 276.
Peerage of England
Forfeit
Title last held by
Henry Beaufort 		— TITULAR —
Duke of Somerset
1464–1471 		Extinct

Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Beaufort_(died_1471)&oldid=644747034"