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In [[computer science]], the '''Cuttlefish Optimization Algorithm (CFA)''' is a population-based [[search algorithm]] inspired by skin color changing behaviour of [[Cuttlefish]] which was developed in 2013 <ref name="Adel & al, 2013">Adel Sabry Eesa, A. M. A. B., Zeynep Orman. (2013). Cuttlefish Algorithm – A Novel Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithm. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 4(9).</ref><ref name="Adel & al, 2015">Adel Sabry Eesa, Z. O., Adnan Mohsin Abdulazeez Brifcani. (2015). A novel feature-selection approach based on the cuttlefish optimization algorithm for intrusion detection systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 42, 2670–2679. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2014.11.009.</ref> It has two global search and two local search.
== Cuttlefish ==
Cuttlefish <ref name="Lydia M Mäthger, 2008">Lydia M Mäthger, E. J. D., N. Justin Marshall, Roger T Hanlon. (2008). Mechanisms and behavioural functions of structural coloration in cephalopods. Journal of the royal society interface, 6(2). doi: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0366.focus. </ref> <ref name="Wood, 199">Wood, D. J. B. (1995). The Cephalopod Page Retrieved 8/7, 2016, from http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/. </ref> is a type of cephalopods which is well-known for its abilities to change its skin color to either seemingly disappear into its environment or to produce stunning displays.
The patterns and colors seen in cuttlefish are produced by different layers of cells <ref name="Jarred Yacob & al, 20011">Jarred Yacob, A. C. L., Allyson Gosling, Debra H. J. St Hilaire, Lindsay Tesar, Michelle McRae and Nathan J. Tublitz. (2011). Principles underlying chromatophore addition during maturation in the European cuttlefish. Journal of Experimental Biology, 214(Pt 20), 3423-3432. doi: 10.1242/jeb.055251.</ref> stacked together including chromatophores, leucophores and iridophores, it is the combination of certain cells operations of reflection light and matching pattern at once that allows cuttlefish to possess such a large array of patterns and colors.
The patterns and colors seen in cuttlefish are produced by reflected light from different layers of cells including (chromatophores, leucophores and iridophores). Chromatophores cells contain a saccule that holds a pigment (red, orange, yellow, black, and brown) as well as 15-25 muscles, when the muscles contract, they stretrch the saccule allowing the pigment insede to cover a large surface area. When the muscles relax, the saccule shrinks and hides the pigment <ref name="Flory, 1969">Flory, E. (1969). Ultrastructure and function of cephalopod chromatophores. Am Zool., 9(2), 429-242. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/9.2.429.</ref>. But a set of mirror-like cells (iridophores and leucophores) allows cuttlefish skin to assume all the rich and varied colors of its environment. The appearance of the cuttlefish thus depends on which skin elements affect the light incident on the skin. Light may be reflected by either chromatophores or by reflecting cells (iridophores or leucophores) or a combination of both, and it is the physiological changeability of the chromatophores and reflecting cells that enables the cuttlefish to produce such a wide repertoire of optical effects <ref name="MESSENGER, 2001">MESSENGER, J. B. (2001). Cephalopod chromatophores: neurobiology and natural history. Biological Reviews, 76(4), 473-528. doi: 10.1017/S1464793101005772.</ref>.
== Cuttlefish Optimization Algorithm (CFA) ==
The algorithm considers two main processes: ''Reflection'' and ''Visibility''. Reflection process simulates the light reflection mechanism, while visibility simulates the visibility of matching patterns. These two processes are used as a search strategy to find the global optimal solution. The formulation of finding the new solution (''newP'') by using ''reflection'' and ''visibility'' is as follows:
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