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==Geography==
==Geography==


In Keshpur CD Block 75% of the cultivated area has [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil and 25% has [[laterite|lateritic]] soil. Keshpur CD Block is drought prone.<ref name="geography">{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur |work= Chapter I Introduction and Human Development Indices for Paschim Mednipur |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 2 January 2017}}</ref>
⚫
===Overview===
Paschim Medinipur, located in the south-western part of West Bengal, was created with the partition of the erstwhile [[Midnapore district]], then the largest district of India, on 1 January 2002. It ranks second in terms of geographical area (9,295.28 &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) amongst the districts of the state, next to South 24-Parganas (9,960 &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>). It ranks third in terms of rural population (4.58 million) following South 24-Parganas (5.82 million) and Murshidabad (5.13 million). It ranked fourth in terms of percentage of tribal population (14.87) following Jalpaiguri (18.87), Purulia (18.27) and Dakshin Dinajpur (16.12) in 2011.<ref name="geography">{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur |work= Chapter I Introduction and Human Development Indices for Paschim Mednipur |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 25 July 2016}}</ref>

Broadly speaking, there are two natural divisions of the district. [[National Highway 14 (India)|NH 14]] and [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH 16]] (old numbering [[National Highway 60 (India)(old numbering)|NH 60]]) from Bankura to Balasore, cuts across the district and roughly is the dividing line between the two natural divisions. To the east of this road, the soil is fertile alluvial and the area is flat. To the west, the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] gradually slopes down creating an undulating area with infertile laterite rocks/ soil. The landscape changes from dense dry deciduous forests in the west to marshy wetlands in the east.<ref name="geography"/>

The alluvial portion may be further subdivided into two divisions. First, it is a strip of purely deltaic country nearer to the Hooghly and the Rupnarayan, intersected by numerous rivers and water courses subject to tidal influences. Second, it is rest of the eastern half of the district. It is a monotonous rice plain with numerous waterways and tidal creeks intersecting it. The tidal creeks are lined with embankments to prevent flooding of the fields. Much of the area is water-logged.<ref name="geography"/>

In Keshpur CD Block 75% of the cultivated area has [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil and 25% has [[laterite|lateritic]] soil.<ref name="geography"/>

===Rivers===
The river system of Paschim Medinipur district consists of the [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan]], the [[Shilabati River|Silabati]] or Silai, the [[Kangsabati River|Kangsabati]] or Kansai, the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] and the Dulongs. The Silai enters the district from Bankura district, flows through the northern parts of Medinipur Sadar subdivision and then enters Ghatal subdivision and joins the Rupnarayan at Bhandar, 4 miles below Ghatal. The Kasai enters the district from Bankura district. It flows past Medinipur town, bifurcates into two channels, one of which joins the Rupnarayan. Purandar, Gopa, Chandaur and Kubai are important tributaries in the system. The Subarnarekha enters the district from [[East Singhbhum district]] in Jharkhand, flows through the southern part of Medinipur Sadar subdivision, intersects Gopiballavpur police station area, flows past Dantan town and enters Balasore district of Odisha.<ref name="geography"/>

===Floods and drought===
Paschim Medinipur district is subject to both [[flood]]s and [[drought]]. Ghatal and parts of Kharagpur subdivision covering an area of {{convert|142647| ha| km2}} are flood prone. Water logging during the rainy season affects Ghatal and the southern parts of Kharagpur subdivion and results in loss of crops in such areas as Sabang, Pingla and Narayangarh CD Blocks.{{convert|335248| ha|km2}} in Jhargram and Medinipur Sadar subdivisions are drought prone. The drought situation is particularly severe in Jhargram subdivision. Although the district is away from the sea, cyclones hit it frequently in October–November.<ref name="geography"/>

===Location===
Keshpur is located at {{coord|22.554497|N|87.461149|E|format=dms|}}.
Keshpur is located at {{coord|22.554497|N|87.461149|E|format=dms|}}.


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It is located 24&nbsp;km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.<ref name=block/>
It is located 24&nbsp;km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.<ref name=block/>


===Area and administration===
Keshpur CD Block has an area of 483.15&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 15 [[gram panchayat]]s, 230 gram sansads (village councils), 634 [[mouza]]s and 570 inhabited villages. [[Keshpur#Police station|Keshpur]] and [[Anandapur, Paschim Medinipur#Police station|Anandapur]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 10 October 2016}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Keshpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 20 November 2016 |}}</ref>
Keshpur CD Block has an area of 483.15&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 15 [[gram panchayat]]s, 230 gram sansads (village councils), 634 [[mouza]]s and 570 inhabited villages. [[Keshpur#Police station|Keshpur]] and [[Anandapur, Paschim Medinipur#Police station|Anandapur]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 10 October 2016}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Keshpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 20 November 2016 |}}</ref>


Keshpur CD Block had a forest cover of 2,070 hectares, against a total geographical area of 47,567 hectares in 2005-06.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work= Table 2.4, Page 28 |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | accessdate = 2 January 2017}}</ref>
===Forest===
Pashim Medinipur has a forest cover of 171,935 hectares. The main products of the forest are: [[Shorea robusta|Sal]], [[Teak]], Babble, [[Madhuca longifolia|Mahua]], [[Phyllanthus emblica|Amla]], broom sticks etc.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/PASCHIM%20MIDNAPOREwb.pdf |title = Brief Industrial Profile of Paschim Midanpur district | work= Forests |publisher= MSME Development Institute | accessdate = 26 June 2016}}</ref> The main forested areas are Jhargram, Binpur, Nayagram, Garhbeta, Midnapore, Jambani, Gopiballavpur and Salboni.Keshpur CD Block has a forest cover of 4,758 hecatres, which is 9.98% of the reporting area of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/docs/Handbook_2004/PaschimMedinapur.pdf |title = District Statistical Handbook – 2004 – Paschim Medinipur | work= 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.4, 4.6, 8.2, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 20.1, 21.1, 21.2 |publisher= Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 21 July 2016}}</ref>


===Gram panchayats===
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Keshpur block/ panchayat samiti are: Amanpur, Amarkuchi, Anandapur, Dhalhara, Enayatpur, Golar, Jagganathpur, Jhentla, Jorakeudi-Solidiha, Kalagram, Keshpur, Mugbasan, Sarishakhola, Sirsa and Teghori.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 1 August 2016}}</ref>
[[Gram panchayat]]s of Keshpur block/ panchayat samiti are: Amanpur, Amarkuchi, Anandapur, Dhalhara, Enayatpur, Golar, Jagganathpur, Jhentla, Jorakeudi-Solidiha, Kalagram, Keshpur, Mugbasan, Sarishakhola, Sirsa and Teghori.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 1 August 2016}}</ref>


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As per 2001 census, Keshpur block had a total population of 288,494, out of which 147,743 were males and 140,751 were females. Keshpur block registered a population growth of 19.37 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | accessdate = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archivedate=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |accessdate= 17 July 2016 |last= |first= |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archivedate=27 September 2007 }}</ref>
As per 2001 census, Keshpur block had a total population of 288,494, out of which 147,743 were males and 140,751 were females. Keshpur block registered a population growth of 19.37 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | accessdate = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archivedate=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |accessdate= 17 July 2016 |last= |first= |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archivedate=27 September 2007 }}</ref>


===Villages===
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Keshpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Keshpur (4,577), Mugbasan (4,838) and Anandapur (11,461).<ref name=census2011/>
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Keshpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Keshpur (4,577), Mugbasan (4,838) and Anandapur (11,461).<ref name=census2011/>


Other villages in Keshpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Enayatpur (1,478), Sarisha Khola (1,957), Amarkuchi (2,598), Teghari (1,393), Jagannathpur (2,932), Golar (2,023), Amanpur (1,707), Jorakendi (719), Shirsha (611), Kalagram (1,937) and Dhalhara (822).<ref name=census2011/>
Other villages in Keshpur CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Enayatpur (1,478), Sarisha Khola (1,957), Amarkuchi (2,598), Teghari (1,393), Jagannathpur (2,932), Golar (2,023), Amanpur (1,707), Jorakendi (719), Shirsha (611), Kalagram (1,937) and Dhalhara (822).<ref name=census2011/>


===Literacy===
===Literacy===
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{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}


===Language===
===Language and religion===
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the local language in these areas.<ref name=block/>
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the local language in these areas.<ref name=block/>


===Religion===
{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Keshpur CD Block
|title=Religion in Keshpur CD Block
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In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 242,550 and formed 71.50% of the population in Keshpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 95,029 and formed 28.01% of the population. Others numbered 1,669 and formed 0.49% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Christians and other religious communities.<ref name=censusreligion2011/>
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 242,550 and formed 71.50% of the population in Keshpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 95,029 and formed 28.01% of the population. Others numbered 1,669 and formed 0.49% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Christians and other religious communities.<ref name=censusreligion2011/>


==BPL families==
In 2011, Hindus numbered 5,056,953 and formed 85.52% of the population in Paschim Medinipur district. Muslims numbered 620,554 and formed 10.49% of the population. Others (including Christians) numbered 235,950 and formed 3.99% of the population. Christians numbered 23,287 and formed 0.39% of the population. In West Bengal, Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011/>
In Keshpur CD Block 39.90% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=bpl>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur|work = May 2011. Page 177| publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 8 January 2017}}</ref>


⚫
According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD Blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD Blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD Blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD Blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=bpl/>
==Human Development Report==
According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The district represents regional diversity in terms of physiographic, agro-climatic characteristics, economic development, social composition etc. Over 7,500 inhabited villages of the district reflect highly differential features and indicators of human development. There are pockets of prosperity in the eastern part and areas of distress in the western part. From 2009 Maoist violence rapidly spread across eleven western CD Blocks of the district: Binpur I, Binpur II, Salboni, Grahbeta II, Jamboni, Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Gopiballavpur I, Gopiballavpur II, Sankrail and Nayagram.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur|work = May 2011. Pages: 4-16, 38, 60-75, 176-178, 251, 263,271| publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 31 July 2016}}</ref>

The level of urbanisation in the district is low. In 2001 the percentage share of the urban population in the district was 11.90 against 27.96 in the state as a whole. Population density at 531 persons per &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> was lower than the West Bengal average of 903 persons per &nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. The literacy rate has increased significantly from 39.80% in 1981 to 70.41% in 2001, but the gender gap in literacy rate (difference between female and male literacy rates) is substantial.<ref name=humandev2/>

There is high agricultural productivity differential across 29 blocks of the district. The differential being high across drought prone blocks of the western part of the district and substantially irrigated blocks of its eastern part. Low productivity of agriculture has considerable relevance for high level of poverty among households in the drought prone regions specially among the SCs and STs. The district is relatively backward in the development of infrastructure.<ref name=humandev2/>

Electrification was extended to 76.79% mouzas of the district by 2007. In Keshpur CD Block electricity was extended to 61.51% of mouzas by 2007.<ref name=humandev2/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Keshpur CD Block out of the total 247 primary schools in 2008-2009, 87 had pucca buildings, 66 partially pucca, 1 kucha and 93 multiple type. In the district as a whole 43.6% of primary schools and 88.38% of upper primary schools had libraries, 30.99% primary schools (classes I – V) and 78.37% upper primary schools (classes VI to VIII) had play grounds, and 20.83% upper primary schools had computers. 62,697 sudents of primary schools and 242,728 students of upper primary schools were covered under the [[Midday Meal Scheme]]. Nayagram and Gopiballavpur I CD Blocks have been identified as educationally backward blocks and special efforts are being made through National Programme of Education for Girls at Elementary Level and [[Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya]] hostels. These are the hostels for accommodating girl students from weaker sections of the society and all costs relating to their livelihood are borne by the government so that they are not to be deprived of availing elementary education for want of money or other social issues.<ref name=humandev2/>

As per the Rural Household Survey conducted in 2005 by the Department of Panchayats and Rural Development, Government of West Bengal, 43.79% of rural houselds in the district were [[Below Poverty Line]] against 34.12% in West Bengal.<ref name=humandev2/>

⚫
The 29 CD Blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD Blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD Blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD Blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=humandev2/>

The loco shops of South Eastern Railway employed 3,983 persons, the carriage shops of South Eastern Railway employed 2,189 persons, the wagon repair shops of South Eastern Railway employed 1,700 persons. There were 14 units employing between 250 and 1,000 persons. All other industrial establishments in Paschim Medinipur employed less than 250 persons. More than 80% of Paschim Medinipur’s population depend on agricultural activities for a living.<ref name=humandev2/>

The dominant SC gropus in the district are [[Bagdi caste|Bagdi]] Dule, [[Doms|Dom]], [[Jalia Kaibarta]], [[Mal (caste)|Mal]], Rajbanshi, Rajoyar, Keora, Bhimali, [[Bauris|Bauri]], and Tiyar. Ghatal sub-division has highest concentration of 24.95% SC population. The western part of the district shows more dense ST population. The Jhargram sub division has the highest concentration, i.e. 30.02% of total ST population. The major tribal communities of the district are [[Santhal people|Santhal]], [[Bhumij]], [[Munda people|Munda]], [[Lodha people|Lodha]], Kora and [[Mahali]]. Among them, Lodha only belong to the primitive tribal group. Most of the STs live on agricultural labour. Many ST families move to the neighbouring districts in search of work, particularly during the cultivation season.<ref name=humandev2/>

(Note: Certain topics, such as Geography, Literacy, Education, Healthcare etc., are not/not fully covered here and are covered elsewhere in this page.)

{{BPL Households in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}


==Economy==
==Economy==

===Infrastructure===
===Infrastructure===
in 2003-04, in Keshpur CD Block had 2,000 hectares of canals, 750 hectares were irrigated with tank water, 1,010 hectares by deep tube wells and 5,038 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook/> In 2006-07 in Keshpur CD Block 14.38% of the gross cropped area had facilities for irrigation.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur |work= Page 146, Table 5.19, Percentage Share of Irrigated Area |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 25 July 2016}}</ref>
562 or 89% of mouzas in Keshpur CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web| url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use| publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 2 January 2017}}</ref>

In 2003-04 Keshpur CD Block had 70&nbsp;km of surfaced roads under PWD, 33&nbsp;km surfaced roads under Zilla Parishad and 382&nbsp;km surfaced roads and 997&nbsp;km unsurfaced roads under Gram Panchayat and Panchayat Samiti.<ref name=handbook/>
564 mouzas in Keshpur CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 190 fertiliser depots, 85 seed stores and 61 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>


===Agriculture===
===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
In 2003-04 the farmers of Keshpur CD Block could be classified as follows: [[Bargadar]]s 11.54%, patta (document) holders 37.00%, small farmers 8.84%, marginal farmers 13.00% and agricultural labourers 29.63%.<ref name=handbook/>
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture<br/>in Keshpur CD Block'''
|value1 = 8.80
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 30.65
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 3.46
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 22.21
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 34.88
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}


Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title=District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work= (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33|publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | accessdate = 7 August 2016}}</ref>Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Keshpur CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 8.80%, patta (document) holders 30.65%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.46%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 22.21% and agricultural labourers 34.88%.<ref name=handbook2014/>
As of 2003-04, Keshpur CD Block had 8,653 hectares vested land, out of which 7,692 hectares were distributed amongst 43,732 persons.<ref name=handbook/>


In 2003-04 net area sown in Keshpur CD Block was 35,575 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 18,200 hectares.<ref name=handbook/>
In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Keshpur CD Block was 36,219 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 24,526 hectares.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work= Table 2.4, Page 28 |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | accessdate = 2 January 2017}}</ref>


The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur |work= Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods, pages 129-131 |publisher= Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 2 January 2017}}</ref>In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Keshpur CD Block was 31,965 hectares, out of which 2,500 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 3,000 hectares by tank water, 12,575 hectares by deep tubewells, 13,300 hectares by shallow tube wells, 540 hectares by river lift irrigation, 10 hectares by open dug wells and 50 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>
⚫
In 2003-04 Keshpur CD Block produced 1,080 tonnes of Aus paddy from 560 hectares, 64,300 tonnes of Aman paddy from 28,300 hectares, 9,930 tonnes Boro paddy from 3,090 hectares, 2,980 tonnes Jute from 220 hectares, 2,230 tonnes wheat from 1,330 hectares and 171,900 tonnes of potatoes from 7,080 hectares.<ref name=handbook/>


⚫
In 2013-14, Keshpur CD Block produced 3,599 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 3,064 hectares, 474 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 229 hectares, 39,108 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 14,671 hectares, 1,493 tonnes of wheat from 717 hectares, 3,557 tonnes of jute from 228 hectares and 89,230 tonnes of potatoes from 7,551 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>
===Pisciculture===

In Keshpur CD Block 1,003 hectares was the nett area under effective pisiculture and 9,063 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production in 2003-04 was 14,061 qtl.<ref name=handbook/>
⚫
===Banking===
In 2013-14, Keshpur CD Block had offices of 17 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin bank]].<ref name=handbook2014/>


==Transport==
==Transport==
Keshpur CD Block has 3 ferry services and 8 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 22&nbsp;km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook/>
Keshpur CD Block has 3 ferry services and 19 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 22&nbsp;km from the CD Block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>


==Education==
==Education==
In 2003-04, Keshpur CD Block had 244 primary schools with 28,011 students, 12 middle schools with 4,637 students, 17 high schools with 8,424 students and 12 higher secondary school with 10,013 students. Keshpur CD Block had 546 institutions with 29,750 students for special and non-formal education. Keshpur CD Block had 207 mass literacy centres<ref name=handbook/>
In 2013-14, Keshpur CD Block had 247 primary schools with 21,663 students, 30 middle schools with 3,788 students, 15 high schools with 13,099 students and 25 higher secondary schools with 25,553 students. Keshpur CD Block had 1 general college with 1,181 students and 725 institutions for special and non-formal education with 34,391 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Keshpur CD Block out of the total 247 primary schools in 2008-2009, 87 had pucca buildings, 66 partially pucca, 1 kucha and 93 multiple type.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur|work = May 2011. Page: 60 | publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 31 July 2016}}</ref>

[[Sukumar Sengupta Mahavidyalaya]] is a coeducational college at [[Keshpur]] established in 2004. It is affiliated to [[Vidyasagar University]] and offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, geography, history, physics, chemistry and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/SukumarSenguptaMahavidyalaya/SukumarSengupta Mahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Sukumar Sengupta Mahavidyalaya |work = | publisher= College Admission | accessdate = 5 January 2017}}</ref>


==Healthcare==
==Healthcare==
Keshpur CD Block had 1 hospital, 3 health centres, 44 clinics and 2 dispensaries with 31 beds and 2 doctors in 2003.<ref name=handbook/>
In 2014, Keshpur CD Block had 1 rural hospital, 3 primary health centres, and 3 private nursing homes with total 82 beds and 9 doctors. It had 49 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 9,597 patients were treated indoor and 218,960 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 03:47, 11 January 2017

Keshpur
কেশপুর
Community development block
সমষ্টি উন্নয়ন ব্লক
Country India
StateWest Bengal
DistrictPaschim Medinipur
Government
 • TypeCommunity development block
Area
 • Total
483.15 km2 (186.55 sq mi)
Elevation
43 m (141 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
339,258
 • Density700/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialBengali
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
721150 (Keshpur)
721122 (Anandapur)
Area code03225
Vehicle registrationWB-34
Literacy85.24%
Lok Sabha constituencyGhatal
Vidhan Sabha constituencyKeshpur
Websitepaschimmedinipur.gov.in

Keshpur is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Medinipur Sadar subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History

Electoral area control

After the 1998 panchayat elections, the Trinamool Congress started from this one-horse town, a programme to mobilise the surrounding villagers. It meant challenging the CPI(M)'s domination over the electoral process. It is widely suspected that particularly in the rural areas it followed a regime perfected by them in which the non-party voters were virtually debarred from voting. The Keshpur rebels began questioning this. From 1998 Keshpur was caught in bloody clashes between the CPI(M) and the Trinamul Congress over control of the area. Keshpur became a place synonymous with political vendetta and bloodshed.[1][2][3] As of 2016, Keshpur has continued with its political killing fields, the activities quite often spilling over to neighbouring areas such as Garhbeta.[4][5]

Geography

In Keshpur CD Block 75% of the cultivated area has alluvial soil and 25% has lateritic soil. Keshpur CD Block is drought prone.[6] Keshpur is located at 22°33′16″N 87°27′40″E / 22.554497°N 87.461149°E / 22.554497; 87.461149.

Keshpur CD Block is bounded by Garhbeta III and Chandrakona II CD Blocks in the north, Chandrakona I, Daspur I and Debra CD Blocks in the east, Kharagpur II and Midnapore Sadar CD Blocks in the south and Salboni CD Block in the west.[7][8]

It is located 24 km from Midnapore, the district headquarters.[7]

Keshpur CD Block has an area of 483.15 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 15 gram panchayats, 230 gram sansads (village councils), 634 mouzas and 570 inhabited villages. Keshpur and Anandapur police stations serve this block.[9] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Keshpur.[10]

Keshpur CD Block had a forest cover of 2,070 hectares, against a total geographical area of 47,567 hectares in 2005-06.[11]

Gram panchayats of Keshpur block/ panchayat samiti are: Amanpur, Amarkuchi, Anandapur, Dhalhara, Enayatpur, Golar, Jagganathpur, Jhentla, Jorakeudi-Solidiha, Kalagram, Keshpur, Mugbasan, Sarishakhola, Sirsa and Teghori.[12]

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Keshpur CD Block had a total population of 339,248, all of which were rural. There were 173,504 (51%) males and 165,744 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 44,940. Scheduled Castes numbered 89,726 (26.45%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 19,616 (5.78%).[13]

As per 2001 census, Keshpur block had a total population of 288,494, out of which 147,743 were males and 140,751 were females. Keshpur block registered a population growth of 19.37 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.[14] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.[15]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Keshpur CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Keshpur (4,577), Mugbasan (4,838) and Anandapur (11,461).[13]

Other villages in Keshpur CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Enayatpur (1,478), Sarisha Khola (1,957), Amarkuchi (2,598), Teghari (1,393), Jagannathpur (2,932), Golar (2,023), Amanpur (1,707), Jorakendi (719), Shirsha (611), Kalagram (1,937) and Dhalhara (822).[13]

Literacy

As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Keshpur CD Block was 229,218 (85.24% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 128,345 (85.24% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 100,873 (70.18% of the female population over 6 years). The gender gap in literacy rates was 15.06%.[13]

As per the 2011 census, literacy in Paschim Medinipur district was 78.00%.[16] Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[17] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[17]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Literacy in CD blocks of
Paschim Medinipur district
Jhargram subdivision
Binpur I – 69.74%
Binpur II – 70.46%
Gopiballavpur I – 65.44%
Gopiballavpur II – 71.40%
Jamboni – 72.63%
Jhargram – 72.23%
Nayagram – 63.70%
Sankrail – 73.35%
Medinipur Sadar subdivision
Garhbeta I – 72.21%
Garhbeta II – 75.87%
Garhbeta III – 73.42%
Keshpur – 77.88%
Midnapore Sadar – 70.48%
Salboni – 74.87%
Ghatal subdivision
Chandrakona I – 78.93%
Chandrakona II – 75.96%
Daspur I – 83.99%
Daspur II – 85.62%
Ghatal – 81.08%
Kharagpur subdivision
Dantan I – 73.53%
Dantan II – 82.45%
Debra – 82.03%
Keshiari – 76.78%
Kharagpur I – 77.06%
Kharagpur II – 76.08%
Mohanpur – 80.51%
Narayangarh – 78.31%
Pingla – 83.57%
Sabang – 86.84%
Source:
2011 Census: CD Block Wise

Primary Census Abstract Data


Language and religion

Bengali is the local language in these areas.[7]

Religion in Keshpur CD Block
Hindu
 
 71.50%
Muslim
 
 28.01%
Others
 
 0.49%

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 242,550 and formed 71.50% of the population in Keshpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 95,029 and formed 28.01% of the population. Others numbered 1,669 and formed 0.49% of the population.[18] Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,[19] Christians and other religious communities.[18]

BPL families

In Keshpur CD Block 39.90% families were living below poverty line in 2007.[20]

According to the District Human Development Report of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD Blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD Blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD Blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD Blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I have low levels of poverty (below 25%).[20]

Economy

Infrastructure

562 or 89% of mouzas in Keshpur CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.[21]

564 mouzas in Keshpur CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 190 fertiliser depots, 85 seed stores and 61 fair price shops in the CD Block.[21]

Agriculture

Persons engaged in agriculture
in Keshpur CD Block
  1. Bargadars (8.8%)
  2. Patta holders (30.65%)
  3. Small farmers (3.46%)
  4. Marginal farmers (22.21%)
  5. Agricultural labourers (34.88%)

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[22]Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Keshpur CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 8.80%, patta (document) holders 30.65%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.46%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 22.21% and agricultural labourers 34.88%.[21]

In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Keshpur CD Block was 36,219 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 24,526 hectares.[23]

The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.[24]In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Keshpur CD Block was 31,965 hectares, out of which 2,500 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 3,000 hectares by tank water, 12,575 hectares by deep tubewells, 13,300 hectares by shallow tube wells, 540 hectares by river lift irrigation, 10 hectares by open dug wells and 50 hectares by other methods.[21]

In 2013-14, Keshpur CD Block produced 3,599 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 3,064 hectares, 474 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 229 hectares, 39,108 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 14,671 hectares, 1,493 tonnes of wheat from 717 hectares, 3,557 tonnes of jute from 228 hectares and 89,230 tonnes of potatoes from 7,551 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[21]

Banking

In 2013-14, Keshpur CD Block had offices of 17 commercial banks and 1 gramin bank.[21]

Transport

Keshpur CD Block has 3 ferry services and 19 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 22 km from the CD Block headquarters.[21]

Education

In 2013-14, Keshpur CD Block had 247 primary schools with 21,663 students, 30 middle schools with 3,788 students, 15 high schools with 13,099 students and 25 higher secondary schools with 25,553 students. Keshpur CD Block had 1 general college with 1,181 students and 725 institutions for special and non-formal education with 34,391 students.[21]

The United Nations Development Programme considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Keshpur CD Block out of the total 247 primary schools in 2008-2009, 87 had pucca buildings, 66 partially pucca, 1 kucha and 93 multiple type.[25]

Sukumar Sengupta Mahavidyalaya is a coeducational college at Keshpur established in 2004. It is affiliated to Vidyasagar University and offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, geography, history, physics, chemistry and mathematics.[26]

Healthcare

In 2014, Keshpur CD Block had 1 rural hospital, 3 primary health centres, and 3 private nursing homes with total 82 beds and 9 doctors. It had 49 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 9,597 patients were treated indoor and 218,960 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[21]

References

  1. ^ "Memories smoulder in the killing fields". The Times of India, 30 April 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  2. ^ Jana, Naresh (2006-04-14). "Not in fray, but on all minds". Calcutta, India: The Telegraph, 14 April 2006. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  3. ^ Mary, John (2008-03-10). "Killing fields of Kerala's Keshpur". Calcutta, India: The Telegraph, 10 March 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  4. ^ "Sushanta named in muder FIR". Calcutta, India: The Telegraph, 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  5. ^ Nandy, Chandan (20 April 2016). "Bengal's Violent Electoral Politics – No Badlav but lot of Badlaa". quint.com. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  6. ^ "District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). Chapter I Introduction and Human Development Indices for Paschim Mednipur. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  7. ^ a b c "Keshpur Block". onefivenine. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  8. ^ "District Map Paschim Medinipur". Maps. Paschim Medinipur district administration. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  9. ^ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  10. ^ "District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page). Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2016. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  11. ^ "District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). Table 2.4, Page 28. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  12. ^ "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  13. ^ a b c d "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
  14. ^ "Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Paschim Medinipur (West Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data". 2016 Digital Trends. Census Population 2015 Data. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Provisional population tables and annexures" (PDF). Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  18. ^ a b "C1 Population by Religious Community". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  19. ^ "ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  20. ^ a b "District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). May 2011. Page 177. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur". Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  22. ^ "District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas". (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  23. ^ "District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). Table 2.4, Page 28. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  24. ^ "District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods, pages 129-131. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  25. ^ "District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur" (PDF). May 2011. Page: 60. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  26. ^ Mahavidyalaya.shtml "Sukumar Sengupta Mahavidyalaya". College Admission. Retrieved 5 January 2017. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
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