List of colonial governors of New Jersey: Difference between revisions
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[[File:LordPlowden.jpg|thumb|right|Sir Edmund Plowden (1590–1659)]] |
[[File:LordPlowden.jpg|thumb|right|Sir Edmund Plowden (1590–1659)]] |
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{{See also|New Albion (colony)}} |
{{See also|New Albion (colony)}} |
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In 1634, Charles I of England granted a charter to [[Edmund Plowden (colonial governor)|Sir Edmund Plowden]], to establish a colony in North America to the north of lands granted to Lord Baltimore for the Maryland colony in 1633.<ref name="CarterLewisPlowdenandCharter">Carter, Edward C., II, and Lewis, Clifford, III. "Sir Edmund Plowden and the New Albion Charter, 1632-1785" in ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography''. LXXXIII:2 (April 1959).</ref><ref>Charles Varlo (compiler). "The Grant of King Charles the First, to Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine of Albion, of the Province of New Albion, in America, June 21, A.D., 1634" (London: s.n., 1785) in the ''Charles Varlo Papers'', Rare Books and Manuscripts Collection, New York Public Library, New York City.</ref> The charter empowered Plowden to assume the title ''Lord Earl Palatinate, Governor and Captain-General of the Province of New Albion in North America'' and described the boundaries of the New Albion colony with imprecision and confusion.<ref>Hazard, Ebenezer (editor). ''Historical Collections, considering of State Papers and other Authentic Documents''. (Philadelphia: s.n., 1792) I:172.</ref> It is believed that the colony would have covered an area comprised of territory within present-day New Jersey, New York, Delaware and Maryland.<ref name="CarterLewisPlowdenandCharter" /> |
In 1634, [[Charles I of England]] granted a charter to [[Edmund Plowden (colonial governor)|Sir Edmund Plowden]], to establish a colony in North America to the north of lands granted to Lord Baltimore for the Maryland colony in 1633.<ref name="CarterLewisPlowdenandCharter">Carter, Edward C., II, and Lewis, Clifford, III. "Sir Edmund Plowden and the New Albion Charter, 1632-1785" in ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography''. LXXXIII:2 (April 1959).</ref><ref>Charles Varlo (compiler). "The Grant of King Charles the First, to Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine of Albion, of the Province of New Albion, in America, June 21, A.D., 1634" (London: s.n., 1785) in the ''Charles Varlo Papers'', Rare Books and Manuscripts Collection, New York Public Library, New York City.</ref> The charter empowered Plowden to assume the title ''Lord Earl Palatinate, Governor and Captain-General of the Province of New Albion in North America'' and described the boundaries of the New Albion colony with imprecision and confusion.<ref>Hazard, Ebenezer (editor). ''Historical Collections, considering of State Papers and other Authentic Documents''. (Philadelphia: s.n., 1792) I:172.</ref> It is believed that the colony would have covered an area comprised of territory within present-day New Jersey, New York, Delaware and Maryland.<ref name="CarterLewisPlowdenandCharter" /> Captain Thomas Young and his nephew, Robert Evelyn, explored and charted the valley of the Delaware River (which they called the ''Charles River'') in the 1630s.<ref>Scharf, Thomas J. ''History of Delaware, 1609-1688.'' Volume I. (Philadelphia: L.J. Richards & Co., 1888), 57-61.</ref> Plowden took several years to raise funds and prepare using Young's account of the area to recruit settlers and "adventurers." In 1642, Plowden and several men sailed from England with aim to settle the colony. This attempt ended in an unsuccessful mutiny, and for the next seven years Plowden remained in Virginia managing the affairs of the colony, and selling rights to adventurers and speculators.<ref name="LewisPlowdenW&MHQ1940">Lewis, Clifford Lewis III. "Some Extracts Relating to Sir Edmund Plowden and Others from the Lost Minutes of the Virginia Council and General Court: 1642-1645" and "Some Notes on Sir Edmund Plowden's Attempts to Settle His Province of New Albion" in ''William and Mary Historical Quarterly''. (January 1940).</ref> He returned to England in 1649 and aimed to raise funds and interest in settling the colony as a refuge for [[Roman Catholic]]'s exiled during the [[English Civil War]]. Despite further attempts to return to his colony, Plowden was confined in a [[debtors prison]] and died a pauper in 1659.<ref name="LewisPlowdenW&MHQ1940" /> |
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A notation on John Farrar’s 1651 map of Virginia which labels the Delaware River as "this river the Lord Ployden hath a patten of and calls it New Albion but the Swedes are planted in it and have a great trade of Furrs."<ref>Farrar, John. “A mapp of Virginia discovered to ye hills” (1651) printed in Williams, Edward. ''Virgo Triumphans: or, Virginia richly and truly valued''. (London: s.n., 1651).</ref> |
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==Under English control (1664–1776)== |
==Under English control (1664–1776)== |
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Revision as of 20:29, 21 March 2013
The territory of the modern State of New Jersey, one of the United States of America, was first settled in the 17th century by Dutch and Swedish colonial interests. In 1664, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, English forces ousted the Dutch from control of the New Netherland colony (present-day New York and New Jersey) and the territory was settled by several different English colonies.
William Franklin, the the province's last royal governor, was marginalized in the last year of his tenure, as the province was being run de facto by the Provincial Congress of New Jersey (1775-1776). In June 1776, the Provincial Congress formally deposed Franklin and had him arrested, while proceeding to adopt a state constitution, and reorganize the province into an independent state. The newly formed State of New Jersey elected William Livingston as its first governor on 31 August 1776. New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies, and was the third to ratify the constitution forming the United States of America. It was admitted as a state on 18 December 1787.
This is a list of governors of the Province of New Jersey, including the period of its division into West Jersey and East Jersey, up to the American Revolution.
Before English control
Director of the New Netherland colony (1624–1664)
This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland (Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch) in North America. The largest settlement in New Netherland was New Amsterdam, which became the city of New York when the New Netherlanders ceded control provisionally to the English and renamed the Dutch province and city of New Amsterdam in June 1665. Only Peter Stuyvesant held the title of Director General. During the restitution to Dutch rule from August 1673 to November 1674, when New Netherland was under the jurisdiction of the City of Amsterdam, the first Dutch Governor was appointed: Anthony Colve.
| Director/Director General | Incumbent |
|---|---|
| Cornelis Jacobszoon May | 1624 – 1625 |
| Willem Verhulst | 1625 – 1626 |
| Peter Minuit | 1626 – 1632 |
| Sebastiaen Jansen Krol | 1632 – 1633 |
| Wouter van Twiller | 1633 – 1638 |
| Willem Kieft | 1638 – 1647 |
| Petrus Stuyvesant | 1647 – 1664 |
Governors of New Sweden (1638–1655)
- Peter Minuit (March 29, 1638 – June 15, 1638)
- Måns Nilsson Kling (June 15, 1638 - April 17, 1640)
- Peter Hollander Ridder (April 1640 - February 1643)
- Johan Björnsson Printz (February 1643 - October 1653)
- Johan Papegoja (October 1653 - May 1654)
- Johan Classon Risingh (May 1654 - September 15, 1655)
The New Albion Colony (1634–1649)
In 1634, Charles I of England granted a charter to Sir Edmund Plowden, to establish a colony in North America to the north of lands granted to Lord Baltimore for the Maryland colony in 1633.[1][2] The charter empowered Plowden to assume the title Lord Earl Palatinate, Governor and Captain-General of the Province of New Albion in North America and described the boundaries of the New Albion colony with imprecision and confusion.[3] It is believed that the colony would have covered an area comprised of territory within present-day New Jersey, New York, Delaware and Maryland.[1] Captain Thomas Young and his nephew, Robert Evelyn, explored and charted the valley of the Delaware River (which they called the Charles River) in the 1630s.[4] Plowden took several years to raise funds and prepare using Young's account of the area to recruit settlers and "adventurers." In 1642, Plowden and several men sailed from England with aim to settle the colony. This attempt ended in an unsuccessful mutiny, and for the next seven years Plowden remained in Virginia managing the affairs of the colony, and selling rights to adventurers and speculators.[5] He returned to England in 1649 and aimed to raise funds and interest in settling the colony as a refuge for Roman Catholic's exiled during the English Civil War. Despite further attempts to return to his colony, Plowden was confined in a debtors prison and died a pauper in 1659.[5]
A notation on John Farrar’s 1651 map of Virginia which labels the Delaware River as "this river the Lord Ployden hath a patten of and calls it New Albion but the Swedes are planted in it and have a great trade of Furrs."[6]
Under English control (1664–1776)
Governors under the Proprietors (1665–1674)
- See also: Lords Proprietor (1665-1703), Proprietary colony, and Proprietary Governor
| Name | Term |
|---|---|
| Philip Carteret | 1665–1672 |
| John Berry | 1672–1673 |
| Anthony Colve | 1673–1674 |
Governors of East Jersey (1674–1702)
- See also: Lords Proprietor (1665-1703)
| Name | Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Philip Carteret | 1674–1682 | |
| Robert Barclay | 1682–1688 | |
| Edmund Andros | 1688–1689 | Governed as the Dominion of New England |
| Andrew Hamilton | 1692–1697 | |
| Jeremiah Basse | 1698–1699 | |
| Andrew Hamilton | 1699–1702 |
Governors of West Jersey (1680–1702)
- See also: Lords Proprietor (1665-1703)
| Name | Term |
|---|---|
| Edward Byllynge | 1680–1687 |
| Daniel Coxe | 1687–1688 |
| Edmund Andros | 1688–1689 |
| Andrew Hamilton | 1692–1697 |
| Jeremiah Basse | 1697–1699 |
| Andrew Hamilton | 1699–1702 |
Governors under Royal Government (1702–1776)
Governors of New York and New Jersey (1702–1738)
| Name | Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury | 1701–1708 | |
| John Lovelace | 1708–1709 | |
| Richard Ingoldesby | 1709–1710 | Lieutenant and Governor |
| Robert Hunter | 1710–1720 | |
| William Burnet | 1720–1728 | |
| John Montgomerie | 1728–1731 | |
| Lewis Morris | 1731–1732 | President Of Council |
| William Cosby | 1732–1736 | |
| John Anderson | 1736 | President Of Council |
| John Hamilton | 1736–1738 | President Of Council |
Governors of New Jersey only (1738–1776)
| Name | Term | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Lewis Morris | 1738–1746 | |
| John Hamilton | 1746–1747 | President Of Council |
| John Reading | 1747 | President Of Council |
| Jonathan Belcher | 1747–1757 | |
| 1757 | Lieut. Governor: Thomas Pownall | |
| John Reading | 1757–1758 | President Of Council |
| Francis Bernard | 1758–1760 | |
| Thomas Boone | 1760–1761 | |
| Josiah Hardy | 1761–1763 | |
| William Franklin | 1763–1776 |
See also
- For post-independence governors, see List of Governors of New Jersey.
- British colonization of the Americas
- Dutch colonization of the Americas
- English colonial empire
- European colonization of the Americas
- Swedish emigration to North America
- Possessions of Sweden
- Johan Björnsson Printz
- List of colonial governors of New York
- List of mayors of New York City
- History of New York City
- American Swedish Historical Museum
- Colonial America
References
- ^ a b Carter, Edward C., II, and Lewis, Clifford, III. "Sir Edmund Plowden and the New Albion Charter, 1632-1785" in The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. LXXXIII:2 (April 1959).
- ^ Charles Varlo (compiler). "The Grant of King Charles the First, to Sir Edmund Plowden, Earl Palatine of Albion, of the Province of New Albion, in America, June 21, A.D., 1634" (London: s.n., 1785) in the Charles Varlo Papers, Rare Books and Manuscripts Collection, New York Public Library, New York City.
- ^ Hazard, Ebenezer (editor). Historical Collections, considering of State Papers and other Authentic Documents. (Philadelphia: s.n., 1792) I:172.
- ^ Scharf, Thomas J. History of Delaware, 1609-1688. Volume I. (Philadelphia: L.J. Richards & Co., 1888), 57-61.
- ^ a b Lewis, Clifford Lewis III. "Some Extracts Relating to Sir Edmund Plowden and Others from the Lost Minutes of the Virginia Council and General Court: 1642-1645" and "Some Notes on Sir Edmund Plowden's Attempts to Settle His Province of New Albion" in William and Mary Historical Quarterly. (January 1940).
- ^ Farrar, John. “A mapp of Virginia discovered to ye hills” (1651) printed in Williams, Edward. Virgo Triumphans: or, Virginia richly and truly valued. (London: s.n., 1651).