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!width=100|Left office
!width=100|Left office
!width=500|Notes
!width=500|Notes
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| || [[Adrian Jorisszen Tienpoint]]<br />(fl. 1600s) || 1623 || 1624 || <li>Commanded first settlement in 1623, established settlements on the Hartford River (Connecticut River), Delaware River, at the site of New Amsterdam (New York City), and the site of Albany (which they called Fort Orange)<ref name="TricoDeposition">This account, in which Tienpoint is referred to as the "governor" of the colony and commanding the settlement expedition, is derived from the Depositions of Catelina Trico (14 February 1685 and 17 October 1688) in O'Callaghan, E. B. ''Documentary History of the State of New York Arranged Under Direction of the Hon. Christopher Morgan, Secretary of State''. 4 volumes (Albany, New York: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849-1851) III:49-51.</ref><ref>Winsor, Justin. ''Narrative and Critical History of America''. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1884), 398; describes Tienpoint as the colony's Director of the Hudson River valley settlements while Mey was director to the South River, or Delaware River valley settlements.</ref></li><li>Made covenants concerning the fur trade with Native American Tribes (Seneca, Cayugas, Iroquois, Oniedas, Onnondagas, and Mohawks) in the Hudson Valley.<ref name="TricoDeposition" /></li>
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| || [[Cornelius Jacobsen May]]<br /> (fl. 1600s) || 1624 || 1625 || <li>Explored [[Delaware Bay]], [[New York Bay]], [[Hudson River]].</li><li>Established base at [[Governor's Island#Colonial period|Nut Island]] (''Noten Eylant'') and outposts including [[Fort Nassau (South River)|Fort Nassau]] on Delaware River.</li><li>[[Cape May]] was named in his honour.</li>
| || [[Cornelius Jacobsen May]]<br /> (fl. 1600s) || 1624 || 1625 || <li>Explored [[Delaware Bay]], [[New York Bay]], [[Hudson River]].</li><li>Established base at [[Governor's Island#Colonial period|Nut Island]] (''Noten Eylant'') and outposts including [[Fort Nassau (South River)|Fort Nassau]] on Delaware River.</li><li>[[Cape May]] was named in his honour.</li>
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Adrian Jorisszen Tienpoint]]
*[[Johan Björnsson Printz]]
*[[Johan Björnsson Printz]]
*List of colonial governors of Delaware
*List of colonial governors of Delaware

Revision as of 04:48, 30 May 2013

This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland (Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch) in North America. Only the last, Peter Stuyvesant, held the title of Director General. As the colony grew citizens advisory boards, known as the Twelve Men, Eight Men, and Nine Men exerted more influence on the director and thus affairs of province.

There were New Netherland settlements in what later became the US states of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware, with short-lived outposts in areas of today's Connecticut and Pennsylvania.The capital, New Amsterdam, became the city of New York when the New Netherlanders provisionally ceded control of the colony to the English who renamed the Dutch it and the rest of the province in June 1665.

During the restitution to Dutch rule from August 1673 to November 1674, when New Netherland was under the jurisdiction of the City of Amsterdam, the first Dutch governor, Anthony Colve, was appointed.

1623–1664

Portrait Director or
Director-General 		Took office Left office Notes
Adrian Jorisszen Tienpoint
(fl. 1600s)		 1623 1624
  • Commanded first settlement in 1623, established settlements on the Hartford River (Connecticut River), Delaware River, at the site of New Amsterdam (New York City), and the site of Albany (which they called Fort Orange)[1][2]
  • Made covenants concerning the fur trade with Native American Tribes (Seneca, Cayugas, Iroquois, Oniedas, Onnondagas, and Mohawks) in the Hudson Valley.[1]
    • Cornelius Jacobsen May
    (fl. 1600s)    		 1624 1625
  • Explored Delaware Bay, New York Bay, Hudson River.
  • Established base at Nut Island (Noten Eylant) and outposts including Fort Nassau on Delaware River.
  • Cape May was named in his honour.
    • Willem Verhulst
    (or van der Hulst)
    (fl. 1600s)    		 1625 1626
  • Initiated construction of Fort Amsterdam on southern tip of Manhattan Island, and Fort Wilhelmus on the Delaware River.
  • Unpopular with the colonists, he was quickly replaced.
    • Portrait of Peter Minuit Peter Minuit
    (1580–1638)    		 1626 1631
  • Purchased the island of Manhattan from Native Americans on May 24, 1626 for 60 Dutch guilders worth of goods.[3]
    • Sebastiaen Jansen Krol
    (1595–1674)    		 1632 1633
    portrait of Wouter van Twiller by Washington Allston Wouter van Twiller
    (1606–1654)    		 1633 1638
  • Previously a Dutch West India Company warehouse clerk, used family connections to the Rensselaer family to gain appointment
  • purchased Nut Island (Noten Eylant), later called Governor's Island from Canarsee tribe for two axeheads, a string of beads and iron nails
  • Lost the colony's claim of the Connecticut River valley to New England settlers
  • Pushed back encroaching Virginia settlers who tried to settle Delaware River valley
    • Willem Kieft
    (1597–1647)    		 1638 1647
  • Attempted to drive out Lenape tribe.
  • Attacks on Pavonia and Corlears Hook, led to Kieft's War.[4]
  • Fired by the Dutch West India Company in 1647.
  • Died at sea near Swansea, Wales on September 27, 1647 while returning to Amsterdam aboard the Princess Amelia.[5]
    • Portrait of Peter Stuyvesant Peter Stuyvesant
    (c.1612-1672)    		 1647 1664
  • Authorized charter for Communipaw and Bergen (now Jersey City) in 1660.
  • New Amsterdam, Pavonia, and other settlements attacked by the Susquehannocks during the brief Peach Tree War (1655)[5]
  • obtained victory the Esopus Wars against the Lenape and Esopus tribes[6]
  • Surrendered New Netherland to the British.
  • Also the Director of Curaçao (1642–1664)

    • See also

    References

    1. ^ a b This account, in which Tienpoint is referred to as the "governor" of the colony and commanding the settlement expedition, is derived from the Depositions of Catelina Trico (14 February 1685 and 17 October 1688) in O'Callaghan, E. B. Documentary History of the State of New York Arranged Under Direction of the Hon. Christopher Morgan, Secretary of State. 4 volumes (Albany, New York: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849-1851) III:49-51.
    2. ^ Winsor, Justin. Narrative and Critical History of America. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1884), 398; describes Tienpoint as the colony's Director of the Hudson River valley settlements while Mey was director to the South River, or Delaware River valley settlements.
    3. ^ Burrows, Edwin G., and Wallace, Mike. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), xivff.
    4. ^ Merwick, Donna. The Shame and the Sorrow: Dutch-Amerindian Encounters in New Netherland Early American Series. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006).
    5. ^ a b Shorto, Russell. The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America. (New York City: Vintage Books, 2004).
    6. ^ Otto, Paul. The Dutch-Munsee Encounter in America: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Hudson Valley. (Oxford/New York: Berghahn Books, 2006), 152; and Kraft, Herbert C. The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. (Newark, New Jersey: New Jersey Historical Society, 1986), 241.
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