Soviet famine of 1930–1933

The Soviet famine of 1932-1933 affected most major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union: Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, Volga Region ^[1], South Urals, West Siberia^[2] and Kazakhstan^[3]. The manifestation of this famine in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic is referred to as Holodomor. Unlike the previous similar famine, the information about the famine of 1932-1934 was suppressed in the Soviet Union until perestroika.

Estimation of the loss of life

Encyclopædia Britannica estimates that six to eight million people died in the Soviet Union, about four to five million of whom were Ukrainians.^[4]
Robert Conquest in his book The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivisation and the Terror-Famine estimates 7 million deaths.
The Black Book of Communism estimates 6 million deaths.
The 2004 book The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931-1933 by R.W. Davies and S.G. Wheatcroft, gives an estimate of around 6 million deaths.^[5]
Another study^[6] using data given by Davies and Wheatcroft calculates "‘about eight and a half million’ victims of famine and repression" combined as the best estimate for the number of "excess deaths" in the period 1930-1933.

^ Viktor Kondrashin Famine 1932-33 in Volga villages, first published in 1991. [1]
^ Famine on the South Siberia [2]
^ Demographic aftermath of the famine in Kazakhstan [3]
^ "Ukraine - The famine of 1932–33". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
^ Davies and Wheatcroft, p. 401. For a review, see [4]
^ Ellman, Michael (2005-09). "The Role of Leadership Perceptions and of Intent in the Soviet Famine of 1931 – 1934" (PDF). Europe-Asia Studies. 57 (6). Routledge: 823–841. Retrieved 2008-07-04. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)