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Avatar: The Last Airbender

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Avatar: The Last Airbender (known as Avatar: The Legend of Aang in several countries) is an American animated television series airing on Nickelodeon. Set in a fantastic, Asian-influenced world of martial arts and elemental magic, the series follows the adventures of Aang, the successor to a long line of Avatars, and his friends Katara, Sokka and later Toph, and their two animal companions Appa and Momo in their quest to save the world from the merciless Fire Nation, while avoiding capture from pursuers including Prince Zuko, Princess Azula and other hunters from the Fire Nation.

Avatar: The Last Airbender
File:Avatar-TLAlogo.jpg
Avatar: The Last Airbender logo
Created byMichael Dante DiMartino
Bryan Konietzko
StarringZach Tyler Eisen
Mae Whitman
Jack DeSena
Jessie Flower
Dante Basco
Mako
Country of originUnited States
No. of episodes36 aired of 60 in production[1]
Production
Running time23 minutes approx.
Original release
NetworkNickelodeon
ReleaseFebruary 21, 2005 –
Present

Originally slated to start November 2004, Avatar: The Last Airbender debuted on TV February 21, 2005 and has also become available for download on the iTunes Music Store. Produced at Nickelodeon Animation Studios in Burbank, California, and animated in South Korea (where many animated television series are animated), it was co-created and executive produced by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. In the United States, new episodes air Friday nights at 8 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on the Nickelodeon cable network. New seasons of Avatar begin in the spring and episodes are rerun in the summer; new episodes return in the autumn and the season ends in early winter.

A consistently high ratings performer in the Nicktoons lineup, even outside of its intended six-to-eleven-year-old demographic, Avatar: The Last Airbender is popular with both audiences and critics. The series' success prompted Nickelodeon to order a second twenty-episode season, which began airing on March 17, 2006,[2] and a third season has been announced to begin airing in 2007.[1] Notable merchandise based on the series include five DVD sets of episodes, six-inch scale action figures, and two Lego sets.[3] A video game has been created and was released in October 2006. Nickelodeon airs Avatar: The Last Airbender every weekday at 6:30 PM Eastern Standard Time on Nickelodeon, and new episodes air on Fridays at 8:00 PM EST, whenever they are scheduled to air.

Template:Spoilers

Overview

Premise

 
A map of the four nations

Avatar: The Last Airbender is set in a fantasy world on a planet that is home to humans, fantastic animals, and supernatural spirits. Human civilization is divided into four pre-industrialized nations: the Water Tribes, the Earth Kingdom, the Fire Nation, and the Air Nomads. Within each nation, there is an order of men and women called "Benders" who have an inborn ability to manipulate their native element. Bending is a powerful art form, combining martial arts and elemental mysticism. The bending arts are Waterbending, Earthbending, Firebending, and Airbending.

In each generation, one Bender is capable of bending all four elements; this is the Avatar, the Spirit of the Planet manifested in human form. When an Avatar dies, the Avatar Spirit reincarnates into an unborn baby native to the next nation in the Avatar Cycle. Starting with the mastery of his (or as the case may be, her) native element, the Avatar learns to bend all four elements in the order of the cycle, which parallels the seasons: winter for water, spring for earth, summer for fire, and autumn for air. It is shown in the series that learning to bend the element opposite of one's native element is extremely difficult, as a result of opposing fighting styles and opposing doctrines.

The Avatar also has a unique power that resides within him called the Avatar State. This channels the powers of all the Avatar's previous incarnations into one massive energy that is directed at all enemies around him. Although the Avatar State is incredibly powerful, at this time the Avatar also becomes most vulnerable. If he is killed in this state, then the spirits of all past Avatars will die along with him and the Avatar Cycle will be permanently broken - the Avatar will "cease to exist." This state can only be triggered when the Avatar is in an intense emotional state or in great danger; it is a defence mechanism of the Avatar. It can also be released when someone the Avatar loves, such as a friend, family member or beloved, is in trouble. When the Avatar enters this state, his eyes and mouth (and, in Airbender cases, tattoos) begin to glow brightly and the voices of the past Avatars can be heard behind his or her own.

Throughout the ages, countless incarnations of the Avatar have served to keep the four nations in balance and harmony.[4] The Avatar also serves as the bridge between the physical world and the Spirit World, home of the world's disembodied spirits as well as many entities who existed at the beginning of the world.

Plot synopsis

A century prior to the series' opening, Aang, a 12-year-old Airbender of the Air Nomad's Southern Air Temple, learned from his monk instructors that he was the Avatar. Usually, the Avatar is told of his true identity only after turning sixteen; however, the head monks feared that a war between the four nations was on the horizon, and that the Avatar would soon be needed to help maintain balance. Shortly thereafter, it was decided that Aang would be separated from his guardian, Monk Gyatso, and sent to the Eastern Air Temple to finish his training.

Confused, frightened, and overwhelmed by all that was happening, Aang fled from his home on his Flying Bison Appa. While over the ocean, a sudden storm caused Appa to plunge deep into the sea. Unknowingly entering the Avatar State, Aang used Airbending to put himself and Appa into an air bubble. The air bubble quickly froze into a sphere of ice, putting them both into a state of suspended animation.

When the series opens one hundred years later, the Fire Nation is on the brink of victory in its imperialist war. The Water Tribes are in crisis — the Southern Water Tribe's warriors have gone off to war, leaving their home defenseless, and the Northern Water Tribe, though largely intact, is continually on the defensive. The vast Earth Kingdom is now the only true barrier to the Fire Nation's domination, but as the Fire Nation continues to encroach on its borders and conquer its territories, hopes for victory grow bleaker with each passing year.

In the present day, two teenage siblings from the Southern Water Tribe — Katara, a Waterbender, and her brother Sokka — discover and free Aang from his iceberg. Aang soon finds out that in his absence, the war that the monks feared had started. The very year he vanished, the ruthless Fire Lord Sozin took advantage of both the Avatar's absence and the Firebending-enhancing powers of a powerful burning comet to launch a war on the three other nations. To Aang's shock and disbelief, the Fire Nation's opening gambit had been a genocidal assault on the Air Nomads. The Air Temples were stormed and the Airbenders slaughtered in an effort to break the Avatar Cycle, leaving him as the last known Airbender in existence.

Aang then realizes that as the Avatar, it is his duty to restore harmony and peace to the four nations. Along with his newly discovered friends Katara and Sokka, his Flying Bison Appa and his Winged Lemur Momo, and later the blind Earthbender Toph, Aang travels the world to master all four elements, while evading capture by Fire Nation's banished Prince Zuko and later the ruthless Princess Azula.

Although it takes years of discipline and training to master any one element, Aang must master them all and defeat Fire Lord Ozai by summer's end, when the return of Sozin's Comet will grant the Firebenders the power to finish the war. If these events come to pass, not even the Avatar will be able to restore balance to the world.

Episodes

Main article: List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes

Characters

Main characters

One of the Avatar series' strong points is character development and depth. To date, the only two major characters that could be considered to be "flat" are Azula, who is portrayed as entirely evil, and the Fire Lord, who is seen only briefly on screen.

File:Avatar-book 1 Chapters 1 And 2 0003.jpg

Aang (Mitchel Musso in the pilot, Zach Tyler Eisen onwards) - The fun-loving, 12 year old titular character of the series and the current incarnation of the Avatar, the spirit of the planet manifested in human form. As the Avatar, Aang must master all four elements to bring peace to the world. This burden was dropped on his shoulders early in life and eventually led to his being frozen in suspended animation for one hundred years until awakened by Katara and Sokka.

Aang is friendly and optimistic. He loves to travel the world and is always eager to learn new things and to take detours to take in the sights. Deep down, Aang is truly saddened by the loss of his people and concerned about his new-found duty. But this is replaced by his deep love for Katara and his friendship with Toph and Sokka. At times, he is somewhat naïve of the world and other's true feelings, too preoccupied with the events occurring around him to notice what is really going on.

File:Kataraprofile.jpg

Katara (Mae Whitman) - The 14-year-old, sole remaining Waterbender of the Southern Water Tribe who, along with her brother Sokka, discovered Aang. She and Sokka accompany him on his quest to defeat the Fire Lord and bring peace to the war-torn nations. She is a very gifted Waterbender who, by season two, achieves her dream by becoming a master Waterbender. Her next task is to train the slower-learning Aang to become a Waterbending master himself.

Katara is mature, loving, and responsible. Always looking out for the well-being of others, she is a leader when the situation calls for her to lead. However, she can be overbearing and always thinks her way is the right way, never relenting on her views, even when they are disproved. Despite Katara's kind nature, she has a temper which when combined with her impressive Waterbending skills and idealistic views can be quite destructive. After the passing of their mother at the hands of the Fire Nation, Katara took on a motherly role over her older brother Sokka, and later, Aang. Katara is an idealist, trying to right wrongs and help those that have lost hope. But her kind and controlling nature makes her rather blind to others true feelings and what they really want, rather than what she wants.

File:Sokka.jpg

Sokka (Jack DeSena) - The 15-year-old warrior of the Southern Water Tribe who, with his sister Katara, accompanies Aang on his quest to defeat the Fire Lord. Unlike his three companions, Sokka cannot bend. He constantly struggles to deal with his lack of mystical power in a world ruled by benders. However, the series frequently grants him opportunities to demonstrate his true gift: inventiveness.

Sokka describes himself as "meat-loving" and "sarcastic." He takes great pride in his mental and physical strength, though it is often overshadowed by others' ability to bend. He is extremely clever, relying on science where the mystical and martial arts elude him, though his silly and immature manner often causes others to underestimate his intelligence and makes him the comic relief of the group. Sokka is very flirtatious and has gained the interest/affection of three female characters in the series - Yue, Suki, and Ty Lee. At the start of the series he was a male chauvinist, but after witnessing the strength of women like Suki and his own sister, his prejudice has slowly waned.

File:Tophnick.jpg

Toph (Jessie Flower) - A 12-year-old, blind Earthbender who flees her wealthy lifestyle and home to join Aang on his quest in season two. Her parents are incredibly overprotective, leading her to rebel and fight in underground tournaments. Her popularity as "The Blind Bandit" attracts a hopeful Aang, then looking for an Earthbender to teach him. Though blind, Toph possesses a unique ability to sense vibrations in the ground, essentially allowing her to "see" her surroundings.

Toph has largely lived alone all her life, which makes her somewhat selfish, sarcastic, and at times, arrogant. She is also a loner who isn't afraid to speak her mind and be bluntly truthful. She does not take pleasure in being mean, but rather, she has been sheltered from the world her entire life, never having a friend until she joined the group. Thus, her social skills are lacking. Unable to communicate well with others, she initially appeared mean and selfish to Katara. However, her travels with Aang, Katara, and Sokka have gradually taught her the meaning of teamwork and friendship.

Toph's attitude towards her blindness shifts between humorous and indirectly bitter. Although she is not angry or sad because of her lack of sight, she is very proud of herself. Many times, she questions the kind actions of others towards her as being due to the perception that it makes her weak (as is the attitude adopted by her family). On the other hand, she frequently jokes about her blindness when her companions forget about it in heated situations (ex.: Sokka complains about not being able to see anything in a dark tunnel, and Toph sarcastically replies, "Oh no, what a nightmare.").

File:Zukoseasontwo.JPG

Zuko (Dante Basco) - The 16-year-old exiled prince of the Fire Nation obsessed with capturing the Avatar in his quest to restore his honor and to redeem himself in the eyes of his father, Fire Lord Ozai. After being branded a traitor at the beginning of season two, he begins to change from a spoiled prince to an outcast who is beginning to pity and bond with the same people his nation terrorized. He is an incredible warrior, especially in his disguise as the Blue Spirit. Zuko, though a skilled Firebender, has other, more powerful skills, lying in the use of twin broadswords and hand-to-hand combat.

Zuko is hard, militant, and a was more than a little obsessive in his quest to capture Aang in the first season. He often acts coldly, but he has been revealed to be a caring character - a trait which is usually revealed in the presence of his Uncle Iroh, who is truly more a father to him than Ozai. However, his quest to capture the Avatar seems to have lost importance in his mind ever since Azula, his sister, started hunting him, and his overall attitude is changing aswell. Zuko has begun to put more people before himself in survival situations and his kinder side begins to show. He helps others more as the series progresses and is coming to terms with his new life, becoming more patient and less arrogant.

File:Irohseason2.jpg

Iroh (Mako) - A retired Fire Nation general and Prince Zuko's uncle, who is also branded a traitor in season two. Iroh is the older brother of Fire Lord Ozai, and was the original heir to the throne of the Fire Nation. Iroh is an immensely powerful Firebender of the highest order who accompanies his nephew in his quest to capture the Avatar. He looks upon Zuko as a son more than as a nephew, especially after the loss of his only son, Lu Ten (Lu Ten died tragically during a raid on the Earth Kingdom city Ba Sing Se many years before the story begins). He is as pained by his nephew's past as Zuko is, and hates that his nephew must suffer as he does.

Iroh is a cheerful and kind old man whose hobbies include drinking tea, playing Pai Sho, and singing. However, beneath this kindly appearance is a cunning and resourceful master of Firebending who can rival the Fire Nation's best. Though usually friendly, in times of danger Iroh can become incredibly angry and truly dangerous, scaring even the cocky Admiral Zhao into submission.

Mako, the voice actor who portrayed Iroh, died on July 21, 2006. The final scene of dialogue he had recorded (for the episode The Tales of Ba Sing Se) was dedicated to him. No announcement has yet been made on whether another actor will take over the part, or the character will be written out of the series.

File:Azula.jpg

Azula (Grey DeLisle) - The 14-year-old princess of the Fire Nation, Zuko's younger sister, Iroh's niece, and Fire Lord Ozai's favorite child. Azula has been especially cruel all her life. Her mind is set on war and power; she manipulates and even tortures others, including her own "friends" and her brother. At the end of season one, Ozai sent Azula on a mission to arrest Zuko and Iroh and to capture the Avatar.

Azula is a prodigy, which combined with her sadistic personality makes her an extremely gifted and dangerous Firebender, capable of using hotter blue flames and even lightning abilities possessed only by a select few Firebenders. Azula is uncaring and possibly psychotic, willing to manipulate others, to the extent that she will put their lives in danger to get what she wants, and almost never gets her own hands dirty in the process. She sees others as expendable, and intimidates her lackeys, older men that quake with fear when she is displeased. At times, Azula acts kind and caring, but only to further her own interests. Otherwise, she is an inflexible and domineering personality, allowing no one to question her aside from the Fire Lord and two crones who oversee her martial arts training. She pushes herself harder than even her men, accepting nothing less than perfection in her training and missions.

Major secondary characters

Main article: List of Avatar: The Last Airbender major secondary characters
  • Appa (Dee Bradley Baker) - A 102-year-old flying bison who is Aang's animal guide whom Aang chose when it was a baby(4X his size) and was trapped in the ice with Aang; Appa is the main transportation of Aang and his friends as well as a decent fighter when the group is in danger. Appa hates being underground due to his large size and inability to fly. Revealed in the first Appa-centric episode (Appa's Lost days), Appa has a strong fear of fire, partially as a result of being abused at the hands of a trainer in a Fire Nation Circus.
  • Jet (Crawford Wilson) - A guerilla fighter in the Earth Kingdom woods, whose parents were killed by the Fire Nation when he was eight. He hates the Fire Nation to the point of fanaticism, and once even tried to flood an Earth Nation town occupied by the Fire Nation, which would have killed the innocent Earth Kingdom civilians along with Fire Nation soldiers and members of the occupation. Luckily, soldiers and civilians alike were saved by Sokka. Recently he accompanied Zuko and Iroh to Ba Seng Sei unaware of their true identities up until they arrive in the city, when he notices Iroh heating his tea with Firebending. While trying to expose them, he was arrested for domestic disturbance and assault, carried off by earthbenders to a dark chamber where a form of hypnosis was performed by forcing him to watch a circling light while listening to lies that the war does not exist in the city and the war is not their concern. His whereabouts afterward have not been revealed.
  • Mai (Cricket Leigh) - An impassive, bored, nearly emotionless young woman and one of Princess Azula's childhood friends. Little is known about Mai except that she appeared timid and shy as a girl, and had a crush on Zuko which may still exist. She also appears cold (or, at least, shrewdly calculating) as she once called off a hostage trade for her younger brother in media res at Azula's suggestion, and willingly joined Azula on her mission. Mai specializes in throwing weapons, which she conceals in many parts of her clothing, including sleeves and even pant legs.
  • Momo (Dee Bradley Baker) - A winged lemur who used to live in the Southern Air Temple, Momo is the only known descendant of the lemurs who survived the Fire Nation's attack on the Air Nomads. Momo is highly intelligent and has quite a temper. Momo seems to be understood only by Aang and Appa.
  • Fire Lord Ozai (Mark Hamill) - Lord of the entire Fire Nation, father to Zuko and Azula, and younger brother to Iroh. Continuing the war that his grandfather (Fire Lord Sozin) started, Ozai is awaiting the arrival of Sozin's Comet so he and his Nation can harness its power once again and bring the war to an end.
  • Avatar Roku (James Garrett) - The Avatar before Aang, who was born to the Fire Nation. Throughout the series, Avatar Roku appears as a spirit to guide Aang through his journey so he can rightfully fulfill his duty as the Avatar. His benevolence helps show that not all Firebenders are evil.
  • Suki (Jennie Kwan) - The eldest of the young, female warriors of Kyoshi Island, she is a tough fighter and a staunch ally of Aang, Katara and Sokka. She is involved in a complicated relationship with Sokka and shared what was presumably Sokka's first kiss. Because of his feelings for her and the loss of Princess Yue, Sokka is overprotective towards Suki.
  • Ty Lee (Olivia Hack) - A cheerful, optimistic young girl who ran away to the circus. Another childhood friend of Princess Azula's but, unlike Mai, openly shows a certain amount of fear towards Azula, who bullied Ty Lee into joining her search for the Avatar which personally includes her crush on Sokka. Ty Lee principally uses her acrobatic skills in combat, and typically uses pressure points to disable her opponents by blocking their chi.
  • Admiral Zhao (Jason Isaacs) - A hot-tempered Fire Nation admiral in pursuit of the Avatar and Zuko's principal rival throughout Book One. Zhao is presumed to have died in the final chapter of Book One.

Minor secondary characters

Main article: List of Avatar: The Last Airbender minor secondary characters

Creatures and animals

Main article: List of Avatar: The Last Airbender creatures

Many of the animals featured are a combination of real animals (such as an owl and cat). In fact, the hybrid creatures are so abundant, that almost no one has seen a normal one. This was used as a joke in the episode City of Walls and Secrets, when Katara mentions a bear, the others say "you must meen a (random animal) bear".

Guest stars

Main article: List of guest voices on Avatar: The Last Airbender

Influences

Cultural references

Avatar is notable for borrowing extensively from Asian art and mythology to create a fully realized fictional universe. Apart from its anime-inspired character designs, Avatar also draws on a mix of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tibetan, Indian, and even Inuit philosophy, religion, language, and culture to more fully realize its locations and peoples. Explicitly stated influences include Chinese art and history, anime, Hinduism, Taoism, Buddhism[5] and Yoga.[6] The production staff employs a cultural consultant, Edwin Zane, to review scripts.

Avatar

The term "Avatar" comes from the Sanskrit word Avatāra which means "descent." In Hindu mythology, gods often manifest themselves into Avatars to restore balance on earth after a period of great evil. The Chinese characters appearing above the word "Avatar" in the show's opening mean "the divine medium who has descended upon the mortal world."[7]

Reincarnation

In the series, when Aang was a child, he unknowingly revealed that he was the Avatar when he chose four toys out of thousands. These four toys were the exact ones that past Avatars had chosen for generations when they were children, revealing Aang to be the reincarnation of the Avatar. In "The Storm," it was shown that the toys were a turtle (water), a pinwheel (air), a windup horse (earth), and a drum on a stick (fire).This same test is used by Tibetan Buddhist monks when a reincarnated Dalai Lama is expected. Visions of the monks reveal who the Dalai Lama is, and this test finalizes that he is, indeed, the reincarnation.

The "leaders" of each nation know which children to test by looking for signs of consistency with the previous Avatar. These consistencies include being born within a week of the death of the last Avatar. Also, one of the names of the current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso (Aang's first teacher is called Gyatso).

Elements

Avatar draws on four of the five classical Indian elements of Hindu and Buddhist traditions for the four bending arts: Fire (agni or tejas), Water (ap or jala), Earth (prithvi or bhumi), and Wind or Air (vayu or pavan). The fifth, aether (akasha or akash) is symbolized by Aang as an intermediary of the Spirit World. Some names in the series, such as "Agni Kai" and King Bumi the Earthbender, borrow directly from these elements. Of all the four elements, only Fire is an energy form. Air, water, and earth all require the moving of physical matter. Air, Water, and Earth also represent the states gas, liquid, and solid respectively.

Calligraphy

File:Avatar-TLAcalligraphy.jpg

A particular type of calligraphy is used for nearly all the text in the series. With the obvious exceptions of the English text on the masthead, intertitles, and credits, all writing used is Classical Chinese calligraphy, a very old form of written Chinese once used in formal communication and literature. For each instance of calligraphy, an appropriate style is used, ranging from the archaic to the clerical.[7] The show employs calligrapher Siu-Leung Lee, PhD as a consultant and translator. The modern Chinese way of writing the title would be "降世神通".

Fighting styles

One final Asiatic influence is found in the series' action choreography. The fighting choreography draws from martial arts films, and the fighting styles and weaponry are based upon Chinese martial arts, with each bending art corresponding to a certain real-world style or styles. The creators use Tai Chi for Waterbending, Hung Gar for Earthbending (although the Earthbender Toph employs Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu), Northern Shaolin for Firebending, and Ba Gua for Airbending.[4] The show employs Sifu Kisu of the Harmonious Fist Chinese Athletic Association as a martial arts consultant.[8]

Each fighting style seen in the series is unique. A comparison of the four styles shows that:

  • Airbenders evade the attack. (Negative Jing)
  • Waterbenders redirect the attack. (Both negative and positive Jing)
  • Earthbenders intercept the attack. (Neutral Jing)
  • Firebenders preempt the attack with their own. (Positive Jing)

However, this is only a generalization, and circumstances may cause this pattern to vary. It should also be noted that the ability to bend appears to come from both genetics and spirituality. This is hinted in the series when twin brothers in the episode "The Fortuneteller" announced that only one of them is an Earthbender. However, each member of the Fire Nation's royal bloodline has been a Firebender, showing that genetics do play some role as to who is born with the gift.

Anime style

While Avatar is not considered as anime due to being primarily American in style and writing, one review has commented that "Avatar blurs the line between anime and (US) domestic cartoons until it becomes irrelevant." [9]

Avatar and Hayao Miyazaki

Avatar creators Bryan Konietzko and Mike DiMartino confirmed a particular anime influence in a magazine interview:

"The best anime balances great action sequences wih humor and emotion, something we try to do on Avatar. We love all the films of Hayao Miyazaki, especially Spirited Away and Princess Mononoke. Both movies deal with spirituality and the environment in an entertaining way. Also, there's a lot of great animation." [10]

The episode The Spirit World is a good example of this influence, as it prominently features a corrupted forest spirit attacking a human settlement as a direct result of the destruction of its forest home, all of which also featured in Princess Mononoke. Similarly, the character Wan Shi Tong from The Library bears a strong visual similarity to No Face from Spirited Away. Also evident is the fact that, according to an interview with the artists involved with creating Avatar, Appa's design was based off the Catbus from the movie My Neighbor Totoro due to the peculiar task of creating a mammal with six legs.

Nominations and awards

Avatar won two Pulcinella Awards in 2005 for "Best Action/Adventure Series" and "Best Series of the Year."[11] It recently received 2006 Annie Award nominations for "Best Animated Television Production," and "Writing in an Animated Television Production," (Aaron Ehasz, John O'Bryan - The Fortuneteller) and won for "Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production." (Lauren MacMullan - The Deserter)[12]

Media information

See main article Avatar: The Last Airbender media information for the following:
  • Broadcast history (domestic and international)
  • DVD release information
  • Promotional and merchandising information
  • Title sequence transcripts

See also


Elemental nations

Bending arts

References

  1. ^ a b http://news.awn.com/index.php?ltype=top&newsitem_no=17250
  2. ^ http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-24-2006/0004266998&EDATE=
  3. ^ http://www.gaming-age.com/news/2006/8/21-44
  4. ^ a b http://www.nick.com/all_nick/tv_supersites/avatar2/index.jhtml
  5. ^ http://www.nicksplat.com/Whatsup/200510/12000135.html
  6. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/arts/television/28lass.html?ei=5090&en=2d9845c5b0133bb9&ex=1282881600&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all
  7. ^ a b http://www.musogato.com/avatar/calligraphy.html
  8. ^ http://www.harmoniousfist.com/
  9. ^ "SciFi Channel Anime Review". SciFi. Retrieved 2006-10-16.
  10. ^ "In Their Elements". (September 2006) Nick Mag Presents, p. 6
  11. ^ http://www.animationmagazine.net/article.php?article_id=3902
  12. ^ http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Annie_Awards/2006
 
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