List of ethnic enclaves in North American cities
This is a list of ethnic enclaves in North American cities.
The term ethnic enclave when used in the context of North American cities, has a slightly different meaning than it does when used elsewhere. The formal use of enclave implies a community or population that is essentially trapped within walls and completely surrounded by an unfriendly population or government.
European enclaves are somewhat more common in the North and East; Asian enclaves are somewhat more common in the West.
List by world region and national origin
African American
- Black Bottom, Detroit, Michigan (historic)
- Black Bottom, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (historic)
- Bronzeville, Chicago, Illinois
- Eatonville, Florida, (historic African-American township)
- Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma "Black Wall Street"
- Jane and Finch, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Langston, Oklahoma, United States (historic)
- Leimert Park, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Little Ethiopia, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Little Mogadishu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Overtown, Miami, Florida (historic African-American neighborhood)
- Parrish Street, or Hayti, Durham, North Carolina (historic)
- Rexdale, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Shaw, Washington, D.C., United States
Asia (East, South and Southeast)
- Asia District, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
- Golden Village, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
- International District, Seattle, Washington, United States
Cambodia
- Little Phnom Penh, Long Beach, California, United States
China
- Chinatown, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Chinatown, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Chinatown, Detroit, Michigan, United States (historic)
- Chinatown, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
- Chinatown, Houston, Texas, United States
- Chinatown, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
- Chinatown, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Chinatown, Manhattan, New York, United States
- Chinatown, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chinatown, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States [1]
- Chinatown, Oakland, California, United States
- Chinatown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Chinatown, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Chinatown, San Francisco, California, United States
- Chinatown, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Chinatown, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Chinatown, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Chinatown, Washington, D.C., United States
- Quincy, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States
Hmong
Frogtown, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
India
- Little India, Toronto, Ontario
- Little India, Vancouver, British Columbia (Sikh)
- Little India, Artesia, California (Hindu)
- Little India, University Avenue, Berkeley, California
- Little India, Chicago, Illinois
- Little India, Oak Tree Road, Iselin, New Jersey
- Little India, Newark Avenue, Jersey City, New Jersey
- Little India, Hicksville, New York (Long Island)
- Little India, Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City
- Little India, Chatham Street, Cary, North Carolina
- Little India, Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania
- Little India, Millbourne, Pennsylvania (highest percentage of Indians in the United States)
- Little India, Hillcroft, Houston, Texas
Japan
- Japantown, San Francisco, California
- Japantown, San Jose, California
- Japantown, Vancouver, British Columbia (aka Little Ginza)
- Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, California
- Sawtelle, Los Angeles, California
Korea
- Koreatown, Chicago, Illinois
- Koreatown, Annandale, Virginia
- Koreatown, Los Angeles, California
- Koreatown, Manhattan, New York / Little Korea, New York
- Koreatown, Miami, Florida
- Koreatown, Oakland, California
- Koreatown, Toronto, Ontario
- Koreatown, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania
- Koreatown, Vancouver, British Columbia
- Little Seoul, Garden Grove, California
Philippines
- Historic Filipinotown, Los Angeles, California
- Little Manila, Carson, California
- Little Manila, Stockton, California
- Little Manila, Virginia Beach, Virginia
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
- Little Saigon, Westminster, California and Garden Grove, California
- Fields Corner, Dorchester, Massachusetts and Boston, Massachusetts
- Seven Corners, Virginia/Washington D.C.
Europe
- Ballard, Seattle, Washington (Scandinavian)
- Basque Block, Boise, Idaho
- Andersonville, Chicago (historic; Swedish)
- Lithuania Plaza, Chicago
- Little Odessa, Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, New York (Ukrainian)
- Little Ukraine, Manhattan, New York (Ukrainian)
- Pilsen, Chicago, Illinois (Czech when named, but Hispanic in late 20th century, multi-cultural in early 21st century)
- Solvang, California (Danish)
- Swede Hollow, St. Paul, Minnesota (historic; Swedish)
- Ukrainian Village, Chicago
- West Hollywood, California (Russians and Russian Jews)
Czech
Eastern European Jewish
- Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario
- Beverlywood, Los Angeles, California
- Cote St. Luc, Montreal, Quebec
- Fairfax District, Los Angeles, California
- Lower East Side, Manhattan, New York City
- Squirrel Hill, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Germany
- Deutschtown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[2]
- Little Germany, New York (historic, ceased to exist after the General Slocum disaster in 1904)
- St Bernard, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio
Greece
- Astoria, Queens, New York
- Greektown, Baltimore, Maryland
- Greektown, Chicago, Illinois
- Greektown, Denver
- Greektown, Detroit, Michigan
- Greektown, Montreal, Canada
- Greektown, Tarpon Springs, Florida
- Greektown, Toronto, Canada
- Greektown, Vancouver, Canada
- Little Athens, Toronto, Canada
Ireland
- Beverly, Chicago, Illinois
- Bridgeport, Chicago, Illinois
- Cabbagetown, Toronto, Ontario (historic)
- Canaryville, Chicago, Illinois
- Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cliffside, Toronto, Ontario
- Corktown, Detroit, Michigan
- Corktown, Hamilton, Ontario
- Corktown, Montreal, Quebec
- Corktown, Toronto, Ontario
- Dogtown, St. Louis, Missouri
- Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts
- Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn, New York
- Griffintown, Montreal, Quebec (historic)
- Locust Point, Baltimore, Maryland
- Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York
- Irish Channel, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Kamm's Corner, Cleveland, Ohio
- Mount Greenwood, Chicago, Illinois
- Southie/South Boston, Massachusetts
- South Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Tipperary Hill, Syracuse, New York
- Woodlawn, Bronx, New York
- Woodside, Queens, New York
Italy
- Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York
- Bloomfield, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania[3]
- Brier Hill, Youngstown, Ohio
- Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn, New York
- Città Italiana, nickname for the borough of Saint Leonard in Montreal, Quebec
- Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York
- Corso Italia, Toronto, Ontario
- Federal Hill, Providence, Rhode Island
- Heart of Italy, Chicago, Illinois
- Italian Market, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- LaSalle, Quebec, borough of Montreal
- Little Italy, Baltimore, Maryland
- Little Italy, Chicago, Illinois
- Little Italy, Cleveland, Ohio (Murray Hill)
- Little Italy, Los Angeles, California (now Chinatown)
- Little Italy, Manhattan, New York
- Little Italy, Montreal, Quebec
- Little Italy of the Bronx, New York
- Little Italy, Paterson, New Jersey
- Little Italy, San Diego, California
- Little Italy, Syracuse, New York
- Little Italy, Toronto, Ontario
- Little Italy, Vancouver, British Columbia
- North End, Boston, Massachusetts (Little Italy)
- North Beach, San Francisco, California (Little Italy)
- Petite-Patrie, Montreal, Quebec
- R.D.P., borough of Montreal, Quebec
- The Hill, St. Louis, Missouri
- Via Italia, Windsor, Ontario (Little Italy)
- Youngstown, Ohio Ohio
Poland
- Andrew Square, South Boston, Massachusetts
- Garfield Ridge, Chicago
- Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York
- Hamtramck, Michigan, separate municipality enclave of Detroit, Michigan
- Jackowo, Chicago, Illinois
- Poletown, Detroit, Michigan
- Polish Hill, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Slavic Village, Cleveland, Ohio
- West Allis, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York (historic)
Portugal
- Artesia, California, historical
- Little Portugal, Montreal, Quebec
- Little Portugal, Newark, New Jersey (Ironbound section)
- Little Portugal, San Jose, California
- Portugal Village, Toronto, Ontario
Middle East and Central Asia
- Arabian Village, Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan
- Assyrian District, northern Chicago, Illinois
- Chaldean Town, Detroit, Michigan
- East Dearborn, Michigan (Arab)
- Little Arabia, Albany Park, Chicago, Illinois
- Little Gaza, Anaheim, California
- Little Kabul, Fremont, California
- Little Persia, Los Angeles, California (Iranian)
- Little Arabia/Little Istanbul, Paterson, New Jersey and Clifton, New Jersey
- Little Tel Aviv, Miami, Florida
Armenia
- Little Armenia
Latin America and Caribbean
- Adams Morgan, Washington, D.C. (Central American Hispanic)
- Arlandria, Alexandria, Virginia/Washington D.C. (Central American Hispanic)
- Bahama Village, Key West, Florida (originally Afro-Caribbean, now predominantly African-American)
- Capital Hill District, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (mostly Mexican)
- Christie Pits, Toronto, Ontario (Central and South American and others)
- Columbia Pike Corridor, Arlington, Virginia/Washington D.C.
- Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts (Haitian and Jamaican)
- El Barrio, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (North Fifth Street)
- Fruitvale, Oakland, California
- Inwood, Manhattan, New York (Dominican)
- Jackson Heights, Queens, New York (formerly Colombians, now generic South American and Mexican population)
- Little Haiti, Miami, Florida
- Little Havana, Miami, Florida
- Little Jamaica, Toronto, Ontario
- Little Lima, Paterson, New Jersey
- Little Village, Chicago, Illinois (Mexican)
- Loisaida, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York (Hispanic in late 20th century)
- Mattapan, Boston, Massachusetts (Haitian)
- Mexicantown, Detroit, Michigan
- The Mission, San Francisco, California
- Mount Pleasant, Washington, D.C. (Central American Hispanic)
- Olvera Street, Los Angeles, California (Mexican, formerly known as Sonora Town, birthplace of Los Angeles)
- Pico-Union, Los Angeles, California (Greek in mid 20th century, predominantly Central American Hispanic today)
- South Side, Waco, Texas
- Spanish Harlem, Manhattan, New York
- Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York (Dominican)
- Hamilton Heights, Manhattan, New York (Dominican, Cuban, Mexican, more with gentrification)
- West Side, St. Paul, Minnesota (Mexican)
Others
Canada
- "Little Canadas" are spread all over the United States, and were made up entirely of French Canadians (from Quebec), English Canadians tending to assimilate immediately on arrival. Many supposed "French" communities in the United States actually have roots in the Quebec diaspora, not France. See:
- Frog Hollow, Hartford, Connecticut (French-speaking when named, but African-American and Hispanic in late 20th century)
- Little Canada, Minnesota (town populated by French Canadian-origin Americans)
See also
- Block Settlement, in Canada, a rural equivalent to an urban ethnic neighborhood
- Gay village, an urban enclave centered around sexual orientation rather than ethnicity