List of former transcontinental countries

Parent article: Transcontinental country Examples below are listed with the number of continents covered in parentheses and the nation's primary continent listed first.

Pre-colonial empires straddling at least two continents

• Egyptian Empire (3) - Africa, Asia, Europe (at its peak) [1]
• Hyksos Empire (2) - Asia, Africa [2]
• Colchian Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [3]
• Phoenician Empire (3) - Asia, Europe, Africa [4]
• Kushite Empire (2) - Africa, Asia (occupied portions of Edom and Judah circa 901 BC) [5]
• Sabaean Empire (2) - Asia, Africa [6]
• Assyrian Empire (2) - Asia, Africa [7]
• Cimmerian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [8]
• Babylonian Empire (2) - Asia, Africa [9]
• Scythian Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [10]
• Achaemenid Empire (3) - Asia, Europe, Africa [11]
• Phocaean Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, Africa [12]
• Carthaginian Empire (2) - Africa, Europe [13]
• Alexandrian Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, Africa [14]
• Ptolemaic Empire (2) - Africa, Asia [15]
• Lysimachian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [16]
• Caucasian Albanian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [17]
• Antigonid Empire (2) - Europe, Asia
• Galatian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia
• Roman Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, Africa [18]
• Attalid Empire of Pergamon (2) - Asia, Europe [19]
• Himyarite Empire (2) - Asia, Africa
• Aksumite Empire (2) - Africa, Asia [20]
• Hunnic Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [21]
• Vandal Empire (2) - Europe, Africa [22][23]
• Byzantine Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, Africa [24]
• Western Roman Empire (2) - Europe, Africa [25]
• Srivijaya Empire (3) - Asia, Oceania, Africa [26][27]
• Sassanid Empire (3) - Asia, Africa, Europe (at its peak) [28]
• Göktürk Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [29]
• Rashidun Empire (3) - Asia, Africa, Europe [30]
• Alanian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [31]
• Khazar Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [32]
• Umayyad Caliphate (3) - Asia, Africa, Europe [33]
• Abbasid Caliphate (3) - Asia, Africa, Europe [34]
• Emirate of Córdoba (2) - Europe, Africa [35]
• Pecheneg Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [36]
• Sailendra Empire (2) - Asia, Oceania
• Kingdom of Kakheti (2) - Asia, Europe [37]
• Abkhazian Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [38]
• Sajid Empire of Azerbaijan (2) - Asia, Europe [39]
• Fatimid Caliphate (3) - Africa, Asia, Europe [40]
• Rus Empire (2) - Europe, Asia (at its peak during the Caspian expedition of 913) [41]
• Caliphate of Córdoba (2) - Europe, Africa [42]
• Norwegian Empire (2) - Europe, North America (explored its Atlantic shores five centuries before Columbus) [43][44]
• Norman Empire (3) - Europe, Asia [45], Africa [46]
• Chola Empire (2) - Asia, Oceania (at its peak) [47]
• Almoravid Empire (2) - Africa, Europe [48]
• Seljuq Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [49]
• Kediri Empire (2) - Asia, Oceania
• Medieval French Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, Africa [50]
• Angevin Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, Africa
• Kingdom of Sicily (2) - Europe, Africa
• Georgian Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [51]
• Almohad Empire (2) - Africa, Europe [52]
• Ayyubid Caliphate (2) - Asia, Africa [53]
• Lusignan Empire (2) - Europe, Asia
• Hohenstaufen Empire (3) - Europe, Africa [54], Asia [55]
• Latin Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [56]
• Venetian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [57][58]
• Second Bulgarian Empire (2) - Europe, Asia (at its peak) [59]
• Khwarezmian Empire (2) - Asia, Europe (at its peak) [60]
• Mongol Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [61] (largest empire of contiguous land ever)
• Golden Horde Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [62][63]
• Empire of Nicaea (2) - Asia, Europe [64]
• Mamluk Empire (2) - Africa, Asia [65][66]
• Aragonese Empire (3) - Europe, Africa, Asia [67][68]
• Majapahit Empire (2) - Asia, Oceania
• Ottoman Empire (3) - Asia, Europe, Africa [69]
• Genoese Empire (2) - Europe, Asia [70]
• Buginese Empire (2) - Oceania (including northern Australia,) Asia [71]
• Timurid Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [72]
• Nogai Horde Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [73]
• Kalmar Union Empire (2) - Europe, North America [74]

Colonial-era nations with non-contiguous overseas possessions

Colonial-era nations with non-contiguous overseas possessions (number of continents in parentheses):

• Navarrese Empire (2) - Europe, North America (before Columbus to 1516) [75][76]
• Portuguese Empire (6) - Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [77][78]
• Mahra Sultanate (2) - Asia, Africa [79]
• Spanish Empire (6) - Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [80]
• Austrian Empire (3) - Europe, South America [81], Asia [82]
• British Empire (7) - Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica [83][84]
• Dutch Empire (6) - Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania [85]
• French Empire (7) - Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica [86]
• Scottish Empire (2) - Europe, North America (1621-1631) [87]
• Swedish Empire (4) - Europe, North America [88][89], South America [90], Africa [91]
• Courlander Empire (3) - Europe, Africa, South America (1651-1689) (a dependency of Poland-Lithuania) [92]
• Dano-Norwegian Empire (4) - Europe, North America, Asia, Africa [93]
• Brandenburger-Prussian Empire (3) - Europe, Africa [94][95], North America [96] (1682-1721)
• Omani Empire (2) - Asia, Africa (from 1840 to 1856, Said bin Sultan had the capital in Stone Town, Zanzibar)
• Russian Empire (3) - Europe, Asia, North America [97]
• American Empire (5) - North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Africa [98][99][100]
• German Empire (4) - Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania [101]
• Italian Empire (3) - Europe, Africa, Asia [102]
• Belgian Empire (2) - Europe, Africa [103]
• Japanese Empire (2) - Asia, Oceania [104][105]
• Norway (2) - Europe, Antarctica [106]
• Nazi Empire (2) - Europe, Africa (1940-1943) [107]
• Vichy Empire (5) - Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America (1940-1943)
• Commonwealth of Australia (3) - Oceania, Asia, Antarctica

Other trans-continental occurrences

Other trans-continental occurrences (number of continents in parentheses):

• Uzbek Khanate (2) - Asia, Europe [108]
• Khanate of Sibir (2) - Asia, Europe [109]
• Astrakhan Khanate (2) - Europe, Asia [110]
• Safavid Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [111][112]
• Grand Duchy of Moscow (2) - Europe, Asia [113]
• Crimean Khanate (2) - Europe, Asia (at its peak) [114]
• Afsharid Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [115]
• Kazakh Khanate (2) - Asia, Europe [116]
• Quba Khanate (2) - Asia, Europe
• Qajar Empire (2) - Asia, Europe [117][118]
• Kingdom of Egypt (2) - Africa, Asia (1803-1807 and 1833-1882) [119]
• Greater Colombian Empire (2) - South America, North America [120]
• Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (2) - Asia, Europe (February 24-May 28, 1918) [121]
• Centrocaspian Dictatorship (2) - Asia, Europe (August 1-September 15, 1918)
• United Arab Republic [122] and United Arab States (2) - Africa, Asia (1958-1961)
• People's Republic of South Yemen (1967-1970) and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970-1990) (2) - Asia, Africa
• Federation of Arab Republics (2) - Africa, Asia (1972-1977) [123]
• Israel (2) - Asia, Africa (for a brief period starting October 15, 1973, it had occupied land on the African side of the Suez Canal during the Yom Kippur War. This land was never administrated by Israeli civil authorities and was withdrawn during the aftermath of the war.) [124]
• Argentina (2) - South America, Antarctica (occupied South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands from March 19 to June 20 1982 during the Falklands War)
• South Ossetian Republic (2) - Asia, Europe (if its de facto independence from Georgia since the cease-fire of July 14, 1992 is recognized) [125]
• Eritrea (2) - Africa, Asia (occupied Hanish-al-Saghir from August 10 to 27, 1995 during the Hanish islands crisis)