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Holy Week in Seville

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Holy Week in Seville (Semana Santa en Sevilla) is one of the most important religious and traditional events of the city. It is celebrated in the week leading up to Easter, one to two weeks before the city's other great celebration, the April Fair, and is one of the most important religious events within Spain, internationally renowned for its drama. The week features the procession of pasos, floats of lifelike wooden sculptures of individual scenes of the events of the Passion, or images of the Virgin Mary showing restrained grief for the torture and killing of her son. Some of the sculptures are of great antiquity and are considered artistic masterpieces.

During Holy Week, the city is crowded with residents and visitors, drawn by the spectacle and atmosphere. The impact is particularly strong for the Catholic community.

The processions are organized by hermandades and cofradías, religious brotherhoods. During the processions, members precede the pasos (of which there are up to three in each procession) dressed in penitential robes, and, with few exceptions, hoods. They may also be accompanied by brass bands.

The processions work along the shortest route from the home churches and chapels to the Cathedral, usually via a central viewing area and back. The processions from the suburban barrios may take 14 hours to return to their home churches.

As of 2007, a total of 59 processions are scheduled for the week, from Palm Sunday through to Easter Sunday morning. The climax of the week is the night of Maundy Thursday, when the most popular processions set out to arrive at the Cathedral on the dawn of Good Friday, known as the madrugá .

The Pasos

At the center of each procession are the pasos. Images representing the Passion are usually carried on ornate floats, often decorated with gilt and candles, whilst those of the Virgin are usually surrounded by flowers and candles, dressed in rich fabric and topped by an ornate canopy. The sculptures themselves are carved and painted, and often lifesize or larger. The oldest were carved in the 16th century, though new images continue to be added. Those highly regarded artistically include the Jesus del Gran Poder by Juan de Mesa, Francisco Antonio Ruíz Gijón's Cristo de la Expiración (known as El Cachorro) and the anonymous virgins named Nuestra Señora de la Esperanza from Macarena and Triana.

The pasos (which usually weigh over a metric tonne) are carried by costaleros (literally "sack men", for their distinctive - and functional - headdress). The costaleros (from 24 to 48) are hidden inside the platform of the paso, so it seems to walk alone, often swaying to the rhythm of music. Historically, dock workers were hired as costaleros. From 1973 onwards, that task has been universally taken over by the members of the brotherhoods which organize each procession.

The Brotherhoods

The images are accompanied by members of the organizing religious brotherhoods. These include nazarenos, wearing a habit and a distinctive pointed hood or capirote), often carrying wax candles, penitentes, wearing a hood (antifaz) and carrying crosses or preceding the floats with heavy candelabras or crucifixes, and other members of the brotherhoods. Each brotherhood has its own robes and insignia, which vary according to the character of the brotherhood, from austere black to rich and colourful.

File:NazarenosSanEsteban.jpeg
Nazarenos preparing to start the procession. Brotherhood of San Esteban.

For each image, an 'overseer' is responsible for keeping the procession in step. He uses his voice and the 'caller', an ornate hammer or door-knocker of gold or silver, to command the costaleros to move forward or backward, or to raise or lower the float.

Overseer giving orders to the costaleros.
Golden 'caller'.

The brotherhoods work day to day in preparation for the processions. They also undertake charitable work and subsidiary celebrations, often involving the images for which they are responsible.

The earliest known brotherhood (Primitiva Hermandad de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno, known as El Silencio - The Silence); was founded at the end of the 14th century. Since then, 58 others have been formed.

There is a Supreme Council of Brotherhoods (Consejo Superior de Hermandades y Cofradías), whose members are chosen every four years by the elders (Hermanos Mayores) of the different brotherhoods. This council is in charge of organization and agreements with local authorities on the official itinerary.


Music

In many processions, particularly those from traditionally working-class districts, a brass band may accompany the group, playing religious hymns or marchas from a standard repertoire. Those associated with the images of Christ are often funereal in nature, whilst those associated with the Virgin are more celebratory. Some processions are silent, with no musical accompaniment.

As each procession leaves its home church, (an event known as the salida), at its return (the entrada), and along the march route, extemporaneous flamenco-style songs may be offered by individuals in the crowd or from a balcony. These songs are generically called saetas (arrows).

Singing a saeta.

La Carrera Oficial (The Official Path)

Many of the processions pass through an official viewing area which occupies some of the city's main streets, beginning in Campana, followed by Calle Sierpes, Plaza San Francisco, and Avenida de la Constitución, before reaching the Cathedral. Due to the increasingly crowded schedule over the week, the newer brotherhoods do not always follow this route.

Traditional Dress

File:Mantilla.jpeg
Young women wearing the mantilla on Maundy Thursday.

The traditional suit worn by women on Maundy Thursday (and sometimes on Good Friday) is known as La Mantilla (the mantle). This custom has become revitalised since the 1980s. The outfit consists of the lace mantle, stiffened by shell or another material, and a black dress, usually long, with black shoes. Jewellery often features, and may include rosaries, bracelets and earrings.

The traditional accompanying male dress is a dark suit, black necktie and shoes.

The Days of Holy Week

Palm Sunday

The Domingo de Ramos is the day of the beginning of the Easter. The Church remembers in this day the triunfal entrance of Jesus in Jerusalem like “servant” of the Word of God. From 5th century the entrance of Jesus in the city remembers in Jerusalem santa with a procession.

  • Hermandad de "La Borriquita" (Brotherhood of “the Donkey”): It was founded by the measurers of the Alhóndiga on his hospital on second half of 16th century. The entrance makes reference of Jesus in Jerusalem raised backs of a “donkey”, there the name.
  • Hermandad de "Jesús Despojado" (Brotherhood of “Undressed Jesus”): The brotherhood is based on 1936 to give cult to an image of the Virgin Santísima of the Dolores who was in the parish of San Marcos. In 1972 Cardinal Bueno Monreal granted the titles to him of Humble and Fervent.
  • Hermandad de "La Paz" (Brotherhood of “La Paz”): Founded on 1939 by a group of the military ex--combatants of the Spanish War with as significant names as the Gentleman of the Victory and Virgin of La Paz and emphasizing the white color of La Paz in the túnicas of nazarenos and the pallium.
  • Hermandad de "La Cena" (Brotherhood of “the Supper”): The Brotherhood of Humility and Patience is based on the hospital of San Lazaro in 16th century, the Brotherhood of the Sagrada Cena is based 14 December 1580 on the church of San Nicholas, both megre in 1591 in the parochial church of Omnium Sanctorum. It is the only brotherhood of the Domingo de Ramos who has three passages in he himself courtship.
  • Hermandad de "La Hiniesta" (Brotherhood of “the Hiniesta”): One is based at the beginning of 15th century, on 1560 already exists a Brotherhood of Penance of the Hiniesta, the existing one at the present time is based on 1879 in San Julian. The Virgin takes a relicario with rest of the old Hiniesta in the pedestal.
  • Hermandad de "San Roque" (Brotherhood of “San Roque”): Its antiquity dates from mid 16th century, but it is based on 1901 and approved his rules in 1902. The present archconfraternity is the result of the fusion in 1927 of the primitive order that was in San Roque with the Brotherhood of Nazarenos of Our Father Jesus of the Pains and Our Lady of Grace and Hope (this last one of 1901).
  • Hermandad de "La Estrella" (Brotherhood of “the Star”): One is based on 1560 as Brotherhood of Light of Maria Santísima of the Star by Shippers of boats and people in charge of the trips to the Indians in the old convent of the Victory, located in Triana and run by Minimum monks of San Francisco de Paula. It is the first brotherhood in passing through the streets of Triana and the one that counts on the greater number of nazarenos of all the Domingo de Ramos.
  • Hermandad de "La Amargura" (Brotherhood of “the Bitterness”): Founded at the end of 17th century like penance brotherhood, in the parish of San Julian. She is well-known also as “White Silence”. In 1893 the pallium passage caught fire, but the images could be saved. The Virgin of the Bitterness was the first painful sevillana in being crowned canonically in 1954.
  • Hermandad de "El Amor" (Brotherhood of “the Love”): Founded on 1508 in the church of Santiago for aid of the prisoners, fact who remember each one of Los Angeles that there is in the corners of the passage of Christ with the inscriptions: “Love”, “and Socorro”, “To” and “Jailed”. They take black túnicas, of tail, with belt of esparto.

Monday of Holy Week

In Monday Santo its work of evangelización recalls to Jesus Christ doing. The processions remember passages of the life of Jesus.

  • Hermandad de "El Beso de Judas" (Brotherhood of “the Kiss of Judas”): Founded on 1955 in the church of Santa Maria the White, in 1959 does his first Station of Penance to Santa Iglesia Cathedral. The passage of Christ represents the initial moment of the Passion on which Judas kisses to Jesus on the orchard of the Olive trees.
  • Hermandad de "Santa Genoveva" (Brotherhood of “Santa Genoveva”): It is founded on the parish of Santa Genoveva in 1956, does his first station from penance to the Cathedral in 1958. It is the brotherhood with more nazarenos of Monday Santo, and who covers the greater itinerary until the Cathedral.
  • Hermandad de "Santa Marta" (Brotherhood of “Santa Marta”): Founded by the union of hostelería on 1946 on the parish of San Bartholomew. In principle it was glory brotherhood during two years that happened to be of penance. The quickest brotherhood of the Easter considers itself him. They take black túnicas, of tail, with cíngulo silverplated.
  • Hermandad de "San Gonzalo" (Brotherhood of “San Gonzalo”): Founded by a group of young people cofrades, ages between the 12 and 17 years. It represents Jesus before Caifás in the presence of Anas and other personages. She is the one that counts on greater number of nazarenos.
  • Hermandad de "Vera-Cruz" (“Side-Cross” brotherhood): Founded in 1448 in the Convent Great House of San Francisco de Asís of Seville. The passage of the Gentleman represents Jesus died in the cross. She is one of the pioneering brotherhoods in incorporating nazarenas sisters in his rows.
  • Hermandad de "Las Penas de San Vicente" (Brotherhood of “the Pains of San Vicente”): Founded on the parish of San Vicente in 1875, leaving in procession from 1878 to 1882. It represents one of the falls of Christ with the cross hills.
  • Hermandad de "Las Aguas" (Brotherhood of “Waters”): One is based on San Jacinto in 1750 and it is reorganized in 1891. An angel with a prepared chalice imagines Jesus died in the cross and to gather the “water” that leaves its flank. Túnicas white of tail, with mulberry mask and belt of esparto.
  • Hermandad de "El Museo" (Brotherhood of “the Museum”): It was constituted by the union of silversmiths in 1575 in the parochial church of San Andrés, in 1577 settles down definitively in the convent of the Favor (present Museum). The Virgin left with the Christ, until in 1922 she left under pallium.

Tuesday of Holy Week

During Tuesday Santo Jesus Christ it continues making his predestined task. The brotherhoods continue evoking their facts.

  • Hermandad de "El Cerro" (Brotherhood of “the Hill”): Founded in 1944 the Sacramental one in the parish of the Hill, the one of Gloria in 1955, constituted canonically 20 June 1955, megring in 1966. She is one of “the more young” brotherhoods of the Sevillian Easter.
  • Hermandad de "Los Javieres" (Brotherhood of “the Javiers”): One is based on 1946 in the Sacred Heart (Jesuit) by members of the Congregation of the Javiers. Between 1993 and 1996 it has been leaving from the church Santa Marina.
  • Hermandad de "San Esteban" (Brotherhood of “San Esteban”): Founded on 1926 in the temple where it is at the present time, it leaves for the first time in 1929. The title that it have a good travel has of Health and must to the request of the travellers which they left by the near Door of Carmona, when invoking to Santo Christ with such reason.
  • Hermandad de "Los Estudiantes" (Brotherhood of “the Students”): It is founded by a group of professors and students of the Hispalense University 17 November 1924 on the church of the old University of the Laraña street. The Christ of the Good Death is considered as the work summit of Juan de Mesa and belongs to the patrimony of the State.
  • Hermandad de "San Benito" (Brotherhood of “San Benito”): It is founded by carpenters of shore and calafates of the port. The brotherhood is of trianero origin (is second of Triana in going to the Cathedral) although at the present time it already comprises the district of the “Stocking”.
  • Hermandad de "La Candelaria" (Brotherhood of “the Candlemas”): Its foundation had that a group of cofrades and feligreses of the district. Tuesday makes station of penance for the first time to Santa Iglesia Cathedral Santo of 1922.
  • Hermandad de "El Dulce Nombre" (Brotherhood of “the Sweet Name”): Founded on 1584 by Fray Father Diego Calahorra. After a period of abandonment it is reorganized again in 1919. The chapel that occupies was occupied previously by the Brotherhood of “the Great Power”, one of the reverenciados gentlemen more in the city. It is known popularly by “the Bofetá”.
  • Hermandad de "Santa Cruz" (Brotherhood of “Santa Cruz”): Its antiquity goes back to 17th century. Founded on 1904, first station does his of penance in 1905 from the Convent of Mother of God. In the passage of the Gentleman one imagines Christ in the cross, moments before expiring.

Wednesday of Holy Week

During Wednesday of Passion Jesus it follows his work knowing that its irremediable end is close. The processions continue remembering passages of the last week of their life.

  • Hermandad de "Carmen Doloroso" (Brotherhood of “Carmen Doloroso”): In 2007 had their first procession to the Catedral.
  • Hermandad de "La Sed" (Brotherhood of “the Thirst”): Founded by a group of feligreses of the parish of the Immaculate Conception and his superior Don Father Manuel Calero Gutiérrez. He enters the hospital of San Juan de God in his way of going (only the steps) to make a floral offering before the monument of Sister Ángela de la Cruz.
  • Hermandad de "San Bernardo" (Brotherhood of “San Bernardo”): Founded on 1748, his first rules are of 1764, he himself year that makes station of penance for the first time. She is one of the brotherhoods that more nazarenos take of all the Easter. Thanks to this brotherhood, Seville has the title of Mariana from 1946.
  • Hermandad de "El Buen Fin" (Brotherhood of “the Good Aim”): Founded by the union of tanners on 1590, the church of San Juan of the Palm, under the invocation of Mother of God of the Palm. The price of the stature of the Christ of the Good Aim, according to contract of 4 October 1645, was of 150 ducados ones in “currency of bellón”.
  • Hermandad de "La Lanzada" (Brotherhood of “the Sent one”): Founded between years 1591 and 1595, in the church of San Nicholas, under the title of Guide and Sent. In the passage of the Gentleman, the Christ imagines dead in the cross, at the moment at which Longinos to horse is arranged to nail the lance to him in the chest.
  • Hermandad de "El Baratillo" (Brotherhood of “the Secondhand shop”): The rules were put under the Ordinary and approved 20 May 1693. The nazarenos before the exit, form in the outside of the Real Arsenal, because of the narrowness of the chapel.
  • Hermandad de "Cristo de Burgos" (Brotherhood of “Christ of Burgos”): Founded at the end of the 16th century, in 1888, apparently that was extinguished, devotee brothers of the Good Aim wanted to refundar it in the church of San Antonio de Padua with their old denomination of Santo Sudario of Our Mr. Jesus Christ.
  • Hermandad de "Las Siete Palabras" (Brotherhood of “the Seven Words”): Founded on 1561 in the extinguished convent of the Carmen with the title of Our Lady of the Head, in 1627 the Brotherhood of the Sacred Nails, Maria Santísima of the Remedies, San Juan Evangelista and the Santísimo add themselves to him later Christ of the Seven Words. Originally the Virgin of the Head was an angel who represented Justice.
  • Hermandad de "Los Panaderos" (Brotherhood of “the Bakers”): From 18th century, the entailment of this Corporation is credited to the union of the bakery, since then it is known him under the sobrename of “the bakers”. Its passage by the Bell is multitudinal, of return.

Maundy Thursday

In this day Jesus the Last Supper lived, where it instituted the Eucaristía and it washed the feet to his following disciples to indicate us to all whom we must clean our heart. After betraying it Judas Iscariote, Jesus it is arrested, judged before Poncio Pilato and the condemned.

  • Hermandad de "Los Negritos" (Brotherhood of “the Negritos”): Founded at the end of 14th century approximately year 1393, by Mena cardinal in the chapel of the hospital of Los Angeles to welcome in the black. The figure of the Virgin is of anonymous origin of 17th century, recovered in 1984.
  • Hermandad de "La Exaltación" (Brotherhood of “the Exaltación”): It arises canonically from the union of the Sacramental Brotherhood that is in Santa Catherine, founded on 16th century in the church of San Benito, with the Brotherhood of Nazarenos of the Santísimo Christ of the Exaltación and Our Lady of the Tears, also erected in the church of Santa Catherine. To this brotherhood people of the nobility and reputation of Seville belonged.
  • Hermandad de "Las Cigarreras" (Brotherhood of “the Cigar cases”): Founded in 1563 in the convent of San Benito, of the Order of Calatrava, his first rules were approved 16 May 1569 by the Provisador of the Archbishopric of Seville, Don Cristóbal de Padilla. King Alfonso XIII, granted the dwelled banner to him of Castile.
  • Hermandad de "Monte-Sión" (Brotherhood of “Mount-Sion”): Founded on 1560, between his first brothers appear the patterns of the boats, also attribute their origins to a brotherhood that was in Santa Paula. It is a very popular brotherhood in the centric street Fair.
  • Hermandad de "Quinta Angustia" (Brotherhood of “Villa Distresses”): Its origin is in the fusion of two old Brotherhoods of Penance, the one of the Descencimiento Asylum of Our Mr. Jesus Christ and Quinta Anguish of Maria Santísima, and in the one of the Sweet Name of Jesus. Túnica, castrates and mask dwelled, with anagram JHS on the left flank.
  • Hermandad de "El Valle" (Brotherhood of “the Valley”): The origin is the fusion of two brotherhoods in 1590 in the convent of the Valley. It is the first Sevillian brotherhood that received the title of Archconfraternity, granted by Pope Pío VII.
  • Hermandad de "Pasión" (Brotherhood of “Passion”): Its origin must to the devotion of some Castilians that decided to found it on the month of October 1531. His first seat was the convent of the Favor. The image of Jesus of the Passion is a masterpiece of Mountain Martinez.

Good Friday (Early Hours) "La Madrugá"

The "Madrugá" in Seville is the most special night. It happens between Thursday and Good Friday, is culmen of the processions of Seville.

  • Hermandad de "El Silencio" (Brotherhood of “Silence”): The foundation of this primitive brotherhood of the Nazarenos of Seville was the parish of Omnium Sanctorum, in the Cuaresma of 1340. She is well-known as “Silence”, by his penitencial rigor and composure.
  • Hermandad de "Jesús del Gran Poder" (Brotherhood of “Jesus of the Great Power”): Founded in 1431 by the Dukes de Medina Sidonia in the monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos. In 1995, he received the Gold medal of the City of Seville.
  • Hermandad de "La Esperanza (Macarena)" (Brotherhood of “the Hope (Macarena)”): One is based on the demolished convent of San Basilio by market gardeners in 1595. In 1936 the temple was set afire, being saved the images for being transferred previously privily.
  • Hermandad de "El Calvario" (Brotherhood of “the Calvario”): Founded on 1571 in the hospital of Our Mrs. of Bethlehem. Originally she was well-known like the Brotherhood of “the Mulatos”.
  • Hermandad de "La Esperanza (Triana)" (Brotherhood of “the Hope (Triana)”): At the beginning of 15th century, on 1418, the union of ceramists founds the brotherhood of Our Lady of the Hope, with seat in the parochial church of Santa Ana. The “Trianera” has an enormous popularity, but it is in his district where it reaches a greater devotion.
  • Hermandad de "Los Gitanos" (Brotherhood of “the Gypsys”): It was founded on 1753, the trianero convent of the Spirit Santo, by Sebastián Miguel de Varas and other pious gypsys. She is very tie to the House of Dawn, that donated a mantle for the Virgin with its shield.

Good Friday

In the evening of the Good Friday it is carried out the celebration of the glorious Passion of Jesus and its victorious death. It emphasizes like salvation symbol the Cross of the Gentleman. Jesus, is nailed in the cross between two thieves (Dimas and Gestas) after many years waiting for it, finally fulfills his desire to redeem all the men. Today it is the central day of all the mysteries that the Church celebrates.

  • Hermandad de "La Carretería" (Brotherhood of “the Cartwright's shop”): It is founded on 1550 in the hospital of San Andrés when an official of the barrelmaking union, original of Chipiona, discovered an image of the Virgin after a wall of the Real street of the Cartwright's shop. Still the style of the brotherhoods of 19th century conserves this brotherhood, with details of the Old Easter.
  • Hermandad de "Soledad de San Buenaventura" (Brotherhood of “Solitude of San Buenaventura”): One becomes brotherhood in 1847, being in San Juan of the Palm and it is transferred to the convent of San Buenaventura in 1851, leaving for the first time in 1852. She is very tie to the franciscanos and his convent of San Buenaventura.
  • Hermandad de "El Cachorro" (Brotherhood of “the Cachorro”): The origin of this brotherhood of Gloria is the fusion in 1689 of two old trianeras corporations: the one of the Santísimo Christ of the Expiration and the one of Our Lady of the Sponsorship in the chapel of the Sponsorship. This Crucificado is known popularly like "El Cachorro" (“the Puppy”) because the imaginero chose like model the face of a gypsy who had that nickname.
  • Hermandad de "La O" (Brotherhood of “O”): Their rules are approved day 31 August 1566, making station of penance to the parish of Santa Ana in afternoon of Thursday Santo. It is the first brotherhood of Triana that crossed to Seville by the old boat bridge (present location of the bridge of Isabel II (also known like “Bridge Triana”), 9 April 1830. This brotherhood begins to go out, once it has passed “the Cachorro” by his temple.
  • Hermandad de "Tres caídas de San Isidoro" (Brotherhood of “Three Falls of San Isidoro”): It was founded 19 March 1605, festividad of San jOse, in San Benito of Calzada by the coachman union. In the presidency of the pallium passage, it leaves a representation the Air Force, since one of its holders has like invocation “Our Mrs. of Loreto”, pattern of this army.
  • Hermandad de "Montserrat" (Brotherhood of “Montserrat”): The devotion and the cult to the Virgin Santísima of Montserrat, maintained by the Catalan residents in the city for the commerce with the Indians are the direct origin of this brotherhood. They leave in the courtship, two young women, one representing the allegory of the Faith and the other the Veronica.
  • Hermandad de "Sagrada Mortaja" (Brotherhood of “Sagrada Mortaja”): The origins of this brotherhood tie to an image appeared in Santa Marina, and also with the extinguished hospital of the Mercy. It is the brotherhood that has the greater number of nazarenos of all the Sevillian Holy Week.

Holy Saturday

During Saturday Santo the Man is lowered de la Cruz, through the noble senator Jose de Arimatea. He is taken to the tomb. The rest of the day is of delay before the Resurrection.

  • Hermandad de "Los Servitas" (Brotherhood of “the Servitas”): The foundation of this brotherhood of the Servita Institution, although did not leave like brotherhood, dates 16 August 1696. They dress the habit the Servita Order, with túnica, of tail, black mask and escapulario and leather strap.
  • Hermandad de "La Trinidad" (Brotherhood of “the Trinidad”): A group of market gardeners, the cover in the convent of the Trinidad, 1507. The Crucificado is totally new, left for the first time in 2002.
  • Hermandad de "Santo Entierro" (Brotherhood of “Santo Entierro”): King Conquistador of the City, San Fernando was the creator of this brotherhood, motivated by the finding of a primitive efigie of Mr. Yacente between two walls of a house of the district of the Chimneys. The first step, is known popularly like “the Canine one”.

The brotherhood is unique in that is is joined by representatives of different brotherhoods to form a complete representation of the Passion. Lately it has been possible to contemplate this procession in nine occasions, the last one of them left in 2004 with a total of fourteen "pasos".


  • Hermandad de "La Soledad de San Lorenzo" (Brotherhood of “the Solitude of San Lorenzo”): It was founded on 16th century. It keeps an only step that represents the Virgin in its solitude, on the foot de la Cruz, who has a shroud.

Easter Sunday

Also call Domingo de Resurrección, is day of joy by the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Gospels modestly count the morning of that Sunday, when the women who visit the tomb give account that Jesus has revived.

  • Hermandad de "El Resucitado" (Brotherhood of “the Revived one”): The brotherhood is born in 1969 in the school of the Purest one, of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (the Salle). The first step represents Jesus at the moment of its resurrection, leaving the tomb in the presence of an Angel. She is the one that closing the Easter in Seville.

Bibliography

  • Almela Vinet, Francisco (2003). Historia de la Semana Santa en Sevilla : descripción de las cofradías que hacen estación durante la misma a la Santa Iglesia Catedral (1899). Ediciones Espuela de Plata (Editorial Renacimiento). ISBN 84-96133-04-4
  • Carrero Rodríguez, Juan (1981). Gran Diccionario de la Semana Santa. Editorial Almuzara. ISBN 84-885-8631-0
  • Martínez Kleiser, Luis (2003). La Semana Santa de Sevilla (1924). Ediciones Espuela de Plata (Editorial Renacimiento). ISBN 84-96133-05-2
  • Sánchez Herrero, José. La Semana Santa de Sevilla. Editorial Sílex. ISBN 84-7737-120-2
  • W. AA. (2003). Recuerda Semana Santa de Sevilla. Editorial Everest S.A. ISBN 84-241-0071-9
  • Antonio M. Rueda. Spanish Language and Literature Professor in the University of Chicago (USA).

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Semana Santa de Sevilla.
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