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Jakarta EE

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Java platform editions

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming in the Java programming language. The Java EE Platform differs from the Standard Edition (SE) of Java in that it adds additional libraries which provide functionality to deploy fault-tolerant, distributed, multi-tier Java software, based largely on modular components running on an application server.

Nomenclature, standards and specifications

The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java EE in version 1.5.

Java EE is defined by its specification. As with other Java Community Process specifications, Java EE is also considered informally to be a standard since providers must agree to certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant; albeit with no ISO or ECMA standard.

Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services, XML, etc, and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise JavaBeans, servlets, portlets (following the Java Portlet specification), JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows developers to create enterprise applications that are portable and scalable, and that integrate with legacy technologies. A Java EE "application server" can handle the transactions, security, arity, scalability, "gender", concurrency and management of the components that are deployed to it, meaning that the developers can concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than on infrastructure and integration tasks.

History

Main article: Java EE version history

The original J2EE specification was developed by Sun Microsystems.

The J2EE 1.2 SDK was released in December 1999.

Starting with J2EE 1.3, the specification was developed under the Java Community Process. JSR 58 specifies J2EE 1.3 and JSR 151 specifies the J2EE 1.4 specification.

The J2EE 1.3 SDK was first released by Sun as a beta in April 2001. The J2EE 1.4 SDK beta was released by Sun in December 2002.

The Java EE 5 specification was developed under JSR 244 and the final release was made on May 11, 2006.

The Java EE 6 specification is being developed under JSR 316 and is scheduled for release in 2008.

General APIs

The Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs.

javax.ejb.*

The Enterprise JavaBeans API defines a set of APIs that a distributed object container will support in order to provide persistence, remote procedure calls (using RMI or RMI-IIOP), concurrency control, and access control for distributed objects.

javax.naming

The javax.naming, javax.naming.directory, javax.naming.event, javax.naming.ldap and javax.naming.spi packages define the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) API.

java.sql, javax.sql

The java.sql and javax.sql packages define the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API.

java.transaction.*

These packages define the Java Transaction API (JTA).

javax.xml.*

These packages define the JAXP API. This is used for XML parsing.

javax.jms.*

These packages define the Java Message Service (JMS) API.

javax.jws.*

These packages define the JAX-WS API responsible for web services support.

Java EE 5 application server certified

J2EE 1.4 application server certified

J2EE 1.3 application server certified

  • JRun Application Server from Macromedia

Publications

  • Perrone, Paul J. (2003). J2EE Developer's Handbook. Indianapolis, Indiana: Sam's Publishing. ISBN 0-672-32348-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Bodoff, Stephanie (2004). The J2EE Tutorial. Boston: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-24575-X.
  • Solveig Haugland, Mark Cade, Anthony Orapallo: J2EE 1.4: The Big Picture, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-148010-3
  • Alan Monnox: Rapid J2EE Development: An Adaptive Foundation for Enterprise Applications, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-147220-8
  • Renaud Pawlak, Lionel Seinturier, Jean-Philippe Retaillé: Foundations of AOP for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-507-6
  • Christopher Judd, Hakeem Shittu: Pro Eclipse JST: Plug-ins for J2EE Development, ISBN 1-59059-493-2

See also

Examples of Java EE application servers

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