Jump to content

Naqshbandi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 89.240.242.231 (talk) at 15:16, 20 October 2007 (→Naqshbandi-Haqqani Golden Chain). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. Formed in 1380, the order is considered by some to be a "sober" order known for its silent dhikr (remembrance of God) rather than the vocalized forms of dhikr common in other orders.

The Naqshbandi order is also notable as it is the only Sufi order to trace its spiritual lineage (silsilah) to Muhammad through Abu Bakr, the first caliph. In contrast, most other turuq trace their lineage Ali ibn Abu Talib, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law and fourth caliph.

The word Naqshbandi نقشبندی is Persian, taken from the name of the founder of the order, Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari. Some have said that the translation means "related to the image-maker," some also consider it to mean "Pattern Maker" rather than "image maker," and interpret "Naqshbandi" to mean "Reformer of Patterns", and others consider it to mean "Way of the Chain" or "Golden Chain."

Common Naqshbandi chain of transmission

  1. Sayyidina Muhammad [Peace Be Upon Him]
  2. Abu Bakr Siddiq
  3. Salman the Persian
  4. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
  5. Ja'far al-Sadiq
  6. Bayazid Bastami
  7. Abul-Hassan Kharaqani
  8. Abu Ali al-Farmadi
  9. Yusuf Hamdani
  10. Abul Abbas al-Khidr
  11. Khwaja Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani
  12. Khwaja Arif al-Riwakri
  13. Khwaja Mahmood al-Injir al-Faghnawi
  14. Khwaja Ali Ar-Ramitani
  15. Khwaja Muhammad Baba as-Samasi
  16. Khwaja Sayyid Amir Kulal
  17. Khwaja Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari - Namesake of Naqshbandi order

From here, the order branches into several sub-orders. One of the most important and widespread is the Naqshbandi-Mujaddadi branch founded by Ahmad Sirhindi. The chain between Bahauddin Naqshbandi and Ahmad Sirhindi continues below:

  1. Khwaja Alauddin al-Bukhari al-Attar
  2. Khwaja Yaqub al-Charkhi
  3. Khwaja Ubaydullah al-Ahrar
  4. Muhammad Az-Zahid
  5. Darwish Muhammad
  6. Khawaja al-Amkanaqi
  7. Muhammad al-Baqi Billah
  8. Ahmad Sirhindi Mujaddid Alf-thani

Sub-orders

There is no single authority for the Naqshbandi order today. Rather, there are numerous sub-orders which operate in autonomy. Among them are the Owaisiah, Haqqani, Hijazi, Mujarradiya and Tauheedia branches. Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah Rehamat Ullah Aley has stated in his book "Al Intibah Fi Salasil e Awliya Allah" that the most Effective of all is the Naqshbandia Owaisiah.

The Naqshbandia Owaisiah branch

The Naqshbandi Order has another famous branch called The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. The method of spiritual instruction is quite close to Mujaddidya branch. However, there are two main differences. First, the Naqshbandia Owaisiah order uses the "Pas Infas" method of zikr. Secondly, the method of spiritual instruction is "Owaisee", which means that the Shaikh can impart spiritual instruction regardless of physical distance or even distance in time. Seekers of the Naqshbandia Owaisiah can obtain spiritual blessing from their Shaikh regardless of their location in the world. The Owaisiah connection is also useful in obtaining spiritual blessings from Sufis of the past. The Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is based in Pakistan and its modern founder was Shaikh Allah Yar Khan. The current shaikh is Maulana Muhammad Akram Awan. The headquarters for this tariqat is Dar-ul-irfan, Minara,Chakwal, Pakistan.

Naqshbandi-Haqqani Golden Chain

The Golden Chain is a lineage of Khalidiyya-Naqshbandiyya. it passes from Iraq under Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi to Daghestan, where it remained through seven generations of Sufi masters, to finally return to the Middle East in Damascus with the emigration of Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani and his disciple Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, and then to Cyprus under Shaykh Nazim al-Haqqani an naqshbandi, leader of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani order worldwide. Prophet Muhammad ibn Abd Allah, Salla Allahu `alayhi wa alihi wa sallam Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, radiya-l-Lahu`anh Salman al-Farsi, radiya-l-Lahu`anh Qassim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr Jafar as-Sadiq, alayhi-s-salam Tayfur Abu Yazid al-Bistami, radiya-l-Lahu canh Abul Hassan Ali al-Kharqani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abu Ali al-Farmadi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abu Yaqub Yusuf al-Hamadani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abul Abbas, al-Khidr, alayhi-s-salam Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Arif ar-Riwakri, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Khwaja Mahmoud al-Anjir al-Faghnawi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Ali ar-Ramitani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad Baba as-Samasi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah as-Sayyid Amir Kulal, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad Baha'uddin Shah Naqshband, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Ala'uddin al-Bukhari al-cAttar, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Yaqub al-Charkhi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Ubaydullah al-Ahrar, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad az-Zahid, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Darwish Muhammad, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad Khwaja al-Amkanaki, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad al-Baqi bi-l-Lah, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Ahmad al-Faruqi as-Sirhindi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad al-Masum, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad Sayfuddin al-Faruqi al-Mujaddidi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah as-Sayyid Nur Muhammad al-Badawani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Shamsuddin Habib Allah, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abdullah ad-Dahlawi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Khalid al-Baghdadi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Ismail Muhammad ash-Shirwani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Khas Muhammad Shirwani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad Effendi al-Yaraghi, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abu Muhammad al-Madani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Haqqani, qaddasa-l-Lahu sirrah

Tauheedia Naqshbandia branch

In 1955 Hazarat Kawajah Abdul Hakeem Ansari (rh) along with his only caliph Hazarat Abdul Sattar Khan (accompanied by Kawajah Sattar's wife and daughter) founded a new branch of the Naqshbandia Mujadidiah Order (chain mentioned below). He named it 'Tauheediah', with a focus on unity (Tauheed), truthfulness and love and making it more practical for modern Westernized society aiming towards unification of ummah... and development of humanity. It has a base in Lahore, and disciples throughout the world.

Further reading

Naqshbandia Siddiquia

Naqshbandia Owaisiah

Undefined

Mujaddidi/Khalidi

Saifi

Hijazi

Part of a series on Islam
Sufism
Ideas
Practices
Sufi orders
List of sufis
Topics in Sufism
Islam portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&oldid=165848970"