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2007 California wildfires

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October 2007 Southern California Wildfires
NASA satellite photo from October 212007 showing the active fire zones and smoke trails.
Date(s)October 21, 2007–ongoing
LocationSouthern California
Statistics
Burned area267,000 acres (1,080 km2)
Land useMixed, residential and wildlands
Impacts
Deaths1[1]
Non-fatal injuriesAt least 37[1]
Santa Clarita, California the night of October 212007
Smoke filled the sky at sunrise October 222007.
The sun sets in San Diego's smoky skies, October 212007.

The California wildfires of October 2007 are an ongoing series of over 20[2] wildfires raging across Southern California, forcing the evacuation of over 500,000 residents[1], destroying at least 895 homes and structures and threatening at least 15,000 more.[3] The fires have killed one person and have injured at least 16 firefighters and 25 others.[4][1] President Bush has declared an emergency exists in the State of California and ordered Federal aid to supplement State and local response efforts.[5]California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned.[4] At least 267,000 acres (1,100 km2) of land have burned from Santa Barbara County to the Mexican border.[4] Officials have stated that they fear the inferno could become even more destructive than the 2003 Cedar Fire, considered the worst on record.[4] The number and intensity of the fires have stretched California's firefighting resources to the limit, with one department reporting the "lack of resources [is] hindering suppression efforts."[4][3]

An underlying cause of the fires is the drought occurring in Southern California. The fires have been fanned and spread by the unusually strong Santa Ana winds.[6] The winds are believed to have knocked down power lines, triggering several of the fires. One fire was the result of arson[7]; one was started by an overturned semi-truck.[8] The causes of the remaining fires are under investigation. Wind conditions are not expected to improve until October 252007.[9]

Fires

San Diego County

San Diego County is the site of two of the biggest fires, the Witch Fire near the northeastern edge of the city of San Diego, and the Harris fire southeast of San Diego. The Witch fire forced the closure of Interstate 15 and the Harris fire burns near the international border with Mexico.

As of the night of October 222007 more than 500 homes in San Diego County had been destroyed with 5,000 threatened.[10] Approximately 500,000 people are under mandatory orders to evacuate[1], the largest evacuation in the region's history.[11] Evacuees were gathering at Qualcomm Stadium and other locations throughout the county. Officials estimated that 10,000 were gathered at Qualcomm. Besides food, blankets and water, volunteers provides toys for children, massages, and a live rock and roll band performance.[12] School and business closures were widespread. The only burn unit in the county, the UCSD Medical Center in Hillcrest was operated on an overflow basis. The unit, which has 18 beds, had received 16 fire victims and several patients with injuries not related to the blazes.[13]

Witch Fire

File:SDFIRE2007 058brightsharp.jpg
Evacuees at evacuation site Mira Mesa High School.
At Naval Air Station North Island, a plane captain launches an MH-60S Seahawk from Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 85 to conduct operations in support of the California Department of Forestry's efforts in combating the San Diego wildfires.

The Witch Fire, also known as the Witch Creek Fire, is the largest of the October 2007 wildfires, having burned 145,000 acres (586.8 km2).[14] As of 7:32pm October 222007 it had destroyed 650 structures (including 500 homes) and damaged 375 more (including 250 homes). At the same time, 6,800 structures continued to be threatened, including 5,000 homes. The fire was reported to be "0% contained".[10] Residents are being informed of evacuations through the Reverse 911 system.[15] This evacuation comes almost four years to the day after the Cedar Fire of 2003.

The fire started near Santa Ysabel and spread to Ramona, Rancho Bernardo, and Poway. Heavy Santa Ana winds have been pushing the fires west towards the coast.[15] San Diego County Sheriff William B. Kolendar stated that the Witch Creek Fire could be "well in excess of Cedar Fire of 2003".[16] Officials have also said that there exists the possibility that the fire could reach the coastline; residents of Solana Beach were advised to be prepared to evacuate.

All residents located south of Del Dios Highway, north of Sorrento Valley Road, west of Interstate 15, and east of Interstate 5 were ordered to evacuate.[15] By 9:30pm October 222007 a dispatch from the city of Del Mar's web site stated "For your safety, we are strongly advising that all Del Mar residents evacuate."[17]

By 9:30pm October 222007 a dispatch from the city of Del Mar's web site stated "For your safety, we are strongly advising that all Del Mar residents evacuate."[18]

Evacuation sites include Qualcomm Stadium,[19] Mira Mesa High School, 10510 Reagan Road (off Mira Mesa Boulevard), Ramona High School, Del Mar Fairgrounds.[15] Animal evacuation locations include Lakeside Rodeo Grounds, 12584 Mapleview Street. Mira Mesa High and Del Mar Fairgrounds are reported full, and residents evacuated are routed as far as El Toro in Orange County. Additional sites open at El Camino High School, and Plaza Camino Mall. A list of shelters is maintained at the San Diego County Emergency website.

On October 22, 2007, the California Highway Patrol closed Interstate 15 in both directions between state Route 78 and state Route 56.[15] Evacuations were also ordered for Scripps Ranch neighborhood, specifically "Everything south of Scripps Poway Parkway, north of MCAS Miramar, east of Interstate 15, and west of Highway 67".

The Mesa Grande Indian reservation was evacuated due to the Witch Fire.[20] Residents of the Barona Indian Reservation have been advised to leave if they wish, though the evacuation is not mandatory. The casino on the reservation remains open.[15]

Harris Fire

The Harris Fire started at 9:30 a.m. on October 21 2007 at Harris Ranch Road near Potrero. As of October 23 the fire was moving towards eastern Chula Vista with over 70,000 acres (280 km2) burned and was 5% contained. One person was killed as a result of the fire, along with 5 firefighters and 16 civilian injuries.[21][22] Many communities have been evacuated, with evacuation centers set up at a nearby high school and community center.[23]

Other fires

  • Coronado Hills Fire

The Coronado Hills Fire burned north of Cal State San Marcos. It began on October 22 and burned 300 acres (1.21 km2), destroying an unknown number of structures. The fire was 100% contained the same day.[14]

  • McCoy Fire

The McCoy fire has burned 400 acres (1.62 km2) and destroyed one residence in the Cleveland National Forest. As of 7:00 p.m. on October 22, it was 5% contained.[14]

  • Rice Fire

The Rice Fire is burning in the Rice Canyon near Fallbrook. It has burned 1,500 acres (6.07 km2) and destroyed 50 homes while damaging 30 others.[14]

Los Angeles County

Two NASA satellite images from October 222007 show how quickly the fires spread.

As of 12:20 a.m. PST on October 23, the US Forest Service was projecting the Ranch, Buckweed, and Magic fires would merge into a single massive 80,000 acres (324 km2) fire within 48 hours.[24]

  • Buckweed Fire

As of 23 October 2007 the Buckweed fire in Agua Dulce and the Santa Clarita community of Canyon Country has burned 37,800 acres (153 km2) in northeastern parts of the county.[25] It is currently 27% contained.[14] The communities of Santa Clarita, Leona Valley, Green Valley, Acton, Agua Dulce, and Mint Canyon are threatened. The fire has destroyed 27 structures (including 15 homes) as well as 22 vehicles. Three civilians and one firefighter have been injured as a result of the fire.[14] At least 925 firefighters are battling the blaze. Over 15,000 people and 5,500 homes have been evacuated [26]

  • Canyon Fire

The Canyon Fire has burned 3,800 acres (15 km2) around Malibu, California and is eight percent contained.[27] The fire started October 21 and is burning in Malibu Canyon south of Pacific Coast Highway in Los Angeles County. Six homes and two businesses have been destroyed. 600 residences, 200 commercial buildings, and 100 outbuildings are threatened, while 500 homes have been evacuated. Three injuries have been reported.

  • Magic Fire

The Magic Fire started at 2:15 p.m. PST in near Old Cross Road at Magic Mountain Parkway. It has burned 1,200 acres (4.86 km2).[14]

  • Ranch Fire

The Ranch Fire in the Angeles National Forest has burned 54,500 acres (221 km2) acres since October 20 and is 10 percent contained. Angeles National Forest officials are implementing a total forest closure, effective October 23.

  • October Fire

The October Fire began at 10:40 pm PST on Monday, October 22. Reports indicate a mobile home park was affected with many of the mobile homes "up in flames." The fire has jumped Highway 14 and continues to burn.[28]

Orange County

The Santiago Fire as seen near the intersection of Bake Parkway & Portola Parkway, looking north toward Foothill 241 Toll Road.

  • Santiago Fire

The Santiago Fire began shortly before 6:00pm on October 21, 2007 in the foothills north of Irvine and east of the city of Orange in Orange County. Fire officials have attributed the source of the fire to arson. The fire was reportedly started in three separate spots.[citation needed] The fire burned over 15,000 acres (61 km2) and closed highways 241, 261, and 133 tollways as well as Jamboree Road. 3,000 homes and 150 commercial properties are threatened in the communities of Foothill Ranch, Portola Hills, Lake Forest, Modjeska, and Silverado Canyon. With 492 personnel assigned to this incident, two firefighter injuries have been reported. Much of the fire burned in remote areas such as Bee Canyon and Sand Canyon, but homes and other structures were threatened. At one point, flames came within feet of homes in north Irvine, but were repelled by firefighters.[29]

San Bernardino County

  • Slide or Green Valley Lake Fire

The Slide Fire has burned 1,500 acres (6.07 km2) at Green Valley Lake, west of Lake Arrowhead. 20 homes have burned and 400 continue to be threatened. The Green Valley Lake, Arrow Bear, and Running Springs communities are under evacuation.[14]

  • Grass Valley Fire

The Grass Valley Fire, just north of Lake Arrowhead, has burned 2000 acres and 128 homes.[30] An online appeal from firefighters near the blaze at Lake Arrowhead revealed that resources were spread thin:

"Immediate threat to 100 structures and possible threat to thousands ... Multiple downed power lines. IC (Incident Command) asking for resources from anywhere ... Lack of resources hindering suppression efforts. Unable to fly aircraft. All local engines are depleted."[3]

  • Kellogg and Walker Fires

These fires are in the Ontario, California area. They have damaged several buildings and caused the injuries of at least two firefighters. [31]

  • Devore and Glen Helen Fires

Together the fires burned about 110 acres and forced the closure of Interstate 15 in the Cajon Pass. One was started by an overturned semi-truck.[8]

  • Little Mountain Fire

The Little Mountain fire has burned about 650 acres and threatens several homes and other structures.[32]

Santa Barbara County

  • Sedgewick Fire

The Sedgewick Fire was the northernmost of the October 2007 California wildfires. It ignited around 6:00 a.m. PST on October 21, 2007 from a downed power line. The fire burned a total of 710 acres (2.9 km2) near Los Olivos. Approximately 2000 people were affected and 800 homes threatened before the fire was 100% contained around 5:00 p.m. on October 22.[33]

Riverside County

  • Roca Fire

Burning 270 acres (1.09 km2) east of Temecula in Riverside County, the Roca Fire was 100% contained on October 22. One home was destroyed and one injury was reported from the fire.[14]

Ventura County

  • Ranch Fire

As of 22 October 2007 the Ranch fire has burned 41,000 acres (166 km2) along the Los Angeles-Ventura county line,[14] surrounding the Ventura County community of Piru.[27][34]. Three homes have been destroyed, and 500 residences lie in the fire's path.[14] As of 7:00 a.m. local time, the fire was 10% contained.[34] Evacuations have been recommended in all of Piru and portions of Fillmore.[34] Highway 126 is closed between Main Street and Chiquita Canyon Road in Piru.[34]

Wind and weather

See also: Santa Ana winds

The fires are occurring in a very dry area and they are being exacerbated by seasonal winds called the Santa Ana winds. The San Diego Union Tribune reported, "Santa Ana winds blowing up to 60 mph combined with temperatures into the 90s to create in the worst possible fire conditions."[35]

Southern California is in the midst of an unusual drought; in Los Angeles, California, with only 3.21 in (82 mm) of precipitation in the entire 2006-2007 rain season, it is the driest year on record, receiving less rain than Death Valley in a normal year.[36]

QuikSCAT image from 2002 showing the speed of the Santa Ana winds (m/s).

The Santa Ana winds are warm, dry winds that characteristically appear in Southern California and Northern Baja California weather during autumn and early winter. Santa Anas are a type of föhn wind, the result of air pressure buildup in the high-altitude Great Basin between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. This high energy wind spills out of the Great Basin and is pulled by gravity into the surrounding lowlands. The air circulates clockwise around the high pressure area bringing winds from the east and northeast to Southern California (the reverse of the westerly winds characteristic of the latitude). The air heats up due to adiabatic heating while being compressed during its descent. While the air has already been dried by orographic lift prior to reaching the Great Basin, the relative humidity of the air declines rapidly as it descends and warms in its final stages as it passes over the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges.

The air is then forced down the mountain slopes out towards the Pacific coast; the air mass is further heated by compression as it drops in altitude before reaching the Los Angeles Basin western San Diego County and Tijuana (Baja California) at typical speeds of 35 knots. The southern California coastal region gets some of its hottest weather of the year during autumn while Santa Ana winds are blowing. During Santa Ana conditions it is typically hotter along the coast than in the deserts and the humidity plummets to less than 15%.

As the Santa Ana winds are channeled through the mountain passes they can approach hurricane force. The combination of wind, heat, and dryness turns the chaparral into explosive fuel for the infamous wildfires the region is known for. Wildfires fanned by Santa Ana winds burned 721,791 acres (2,921 km²) in two weeks during October 2003.

As of October 22, the high wind conditions were expected to continue to hamper firefighting for three additional days.[9]

Impact

Highway 241 closed due to the fires.

Power outages were reported in Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, and other counties on October 22 to 333,500 Southern California Edison customers, most being restored within 24 hours. The power outage also affected the areas of Ojai, Oxnard, Simi Valley, Santa Clarita, Thousand Oaks, Rialto, Fontana, San Bernardino, Rancho Cucamonga, Mira Loma, Hesperia, Corona, Bloomington, Calimesa and Rubidoux. This outage also caused 230 people to be without power in Malibu.[37]

The San Diego Community College District on October 222007 initially closed Miramar College, followed by Mesa College and selected Continuing Education sites in the northern area of the District. Effective at 3:00 p.m. the same day all colleges, campuses and sites of the San Diego Community College District were closed and would remain so through at least October 232007. Students and faculty were urged to seek an update after 5:00pm local time on October 23.[38] Numerous other schools, businesses and universities have closed as well, including California State University, San Marcos, San Diego State University, UC San Diego, the University of San Diego and the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Classes for Tuesday, October 23 have been canceled for all of San Diego Unified School District and Sweetwater Union High School District as well as all other districts in the county and all schools in the municipalities of Tijuana, Tecate and Rosarito on the other side of the border.

By mid-morning on October 222007, thousands of evacuees were taking shelter in Qualcomm Stadium and other locations throughout San Diego.[19] On the afternoon of October 222007, the Marines were evacuating some planes from Marine Corps Air Station Miramar to other military bases in California and Arizona.[39] The San Diego Wild Animal Park moved some animals to the on-site animal hospital for their protection.[15]

As of October 222007, with Qualcomm stadium still hosting evacuees, the San Diego State University football team was still planning to host their Saturday game against BYU in the stadium. Some players and coaches have been affected by evacuations.[40] Numerous San Diego area high schools canceled games and practices at least through October 242007.[41] With many players from the San Diego Chargers affected by evacuations, the team has move practices to Arizona and they may move their upcoming game there as well.[42]

Smoke fills the horizon in East San Diego County, October 222007.

Response

Two specially equipped MH-60S Seahawk helicopters

Government agencies and volunteers worked together to mitigate the effects of the fires. According to the state of California's Consolidated Response web page, "There are 17 active fires in Southern California. The priority for fighting fires as of 1930 on October 21 is the Buckweed, Witch, Harris, Canyon, Ranch, Santiago, and Sedgewick Fires."[43]

With many businesses and schools closed, some people used their time off to help others. Officials estimated that 10,000 people were gathered at Qualcomm stadium, the largest shelter point in San Diego. Besides food, blankets and water, volunteers provided toys for children, massages, and a live rock and roll band performance.[12]

The Navy and Marines were also helping in San Diego. Six crews from the Navy's Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 85 based at Naval Air Station North Island have been assigned to battle the Witch Creek fire. They fly MH-60 Seahawk helicopters equipped with a 420-gallon water bucket and they are the only local Navy teams trained to fight fires from the air. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar has contributed several aircraft as well as fire fighting trucks to operations based in Ramona.[44]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opened ten of its churches as temporary shelters and, at the request of the mayor of San Diego, delivered two truckloads of blankets and processed food to evacuees in Qualcomm Stadium.[45]

California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in seven California counties where fires burned.[4] President George Bush declared a federal disaster for the seven counties as well.[46]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Tony Perry, Garrett Therolf and Mitchell Landsberg (2007-10-23). "Massive evacuations ordered as onslaught of fires spreads". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
  2. ^ http://gov.ca.gov/index.php?/press-release/7808/
  3. ^ a b c Ryan Lillis, Dorothy Kober and Carrie Peyton Dahlberg (2007-10-22). "Thousands evacuated as SoCal fires continue to burn". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Archibold, Randal C. (2007-10-23). "Residents Flee Wildfires in S. California". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
  5. ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071023.html
  6. ^ Chang, Alicia (2007-10-22). "Southern California wildfires blamed on unusual Santa Ana winds". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
  7. ^ "Firefighters Protect Homes In Foothill Ranch". KNBC. 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  8. ^ a b "Fontana homes evacuated, freeways closed work=DailyBulletin.com". {{cite news}}: Missing pipe in: |title= (help)
  9. ^ a b "Winds won't change until Thursday". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b "Witch Fire update: 145, 000 acres and 0% contained". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ "Evacuations". Fox6.com. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ a b "Surveyor makes order out of chaos for evacuees". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Clark, Cheryl and Lee Grant (October 222007). "Burn unit at UCSD Medical Center handling all fire patients". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Cal Fire". October 22,2007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Martinez, Angelica and Greg Gros (October 222007). "Witch fire roars west across Rancho Bernardo and Poway". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ Martinez, Angelica and Tony Manolatos (October 222007). "Wildfires seen as eclipsing the Cedar fire of 2003". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ "Voluntary evacuation in place for all of Del Mar". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ "Voluntary evacuation in place for all of Del Mar". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ a b "Qualcomm filling with thousands of fire refugees". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ "Mesa Grande Indian reservation was evacuated". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "Harris Fire at 22,000 and 5 percent contained". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Anne Krueger, Leonel Sanchez and Ray Huard. Harris fire burning unchecked, heads for Otay Lakes and Chula Vista, SignonSanDiego.com, 22 October, 2007
  23. ^ Neely, Liz and David Hasemyer and Karen Kucherwork=SignOnSanDiego.com (October 222007). "Harris fire roars unchecked in East County - 700 residents flee Barrett Junction". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "Forest Service: 3 LA County Fires Might Merge". October 23 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ Buckweed fire becomes top priority
  26. ^ SoCal Wildfires at a Glance, KFWB 980 Web Site
  27. ^ a b "South San Diego County fire kills 1, injures 17". October 22 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=local&id=5721452
  29. ^ Fire stopped just short of homes in north Irvine
  30. ^ http://www.knbc.com/news/14397191/detail.html
  31. ^ http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_D_webmtnfire.17f9d72.html Homes lost in San Bernardino Mountains fires
  32. ^ "LA Times Google maps". Google.com. Google and the Los Angeles Times. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ^ "Evacuation Warning Lifted for Santa Ynez Valley Fire". KEYT. October 22 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ a b c d "Ranch Fire surrounds Piru, Nightsky Fire contained, small blazes doused". Ventura County Star. October 22 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ McDonald,Jeff and Janine Zuniga and Kristina Davis (October 222007). "County asks for 1,000 more firefighters". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ NPR: Water Flows in Los Angeles Despite Drought
  37. ^ "SoCal Crews Respond To 'Fire After Fire'". KNBC. KNBC.com. October 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ "San Diego Community College District closure". SDCCD.EDU. San Diego Community College District. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ "Miramar evacuating some aircraft". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Aztecs football staff fret over homes; game still on". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Dickens, Bill (October 222007). "Schools cancel games, practices for three days". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ Acee, Kevin and Jay Posner (October 232007). "Pros, preps deal with fire's wrath - Chargers have many evacuees; workouts shifted to Arizona". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved 2007-10-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ CalFires.com. State of California. October 222007 http://www.calfires.com/. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ^ "Six Navy copter crews helping fight wildfires". SignOnSanDiego.com. San Diego Union Tribune. October 222007. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ LDS Church responds to California wildfires abc4.com
  46. ^ "More evacuations ordered as Southern California fires spread". Chron.com. Hearst Corporation. October 232007. Retrieved 2007-10-23. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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