Jump to content

GoldenEye

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Ultraviolet scissor flame (talk | contribs) at 16:13, 28 November 2007 (→Appearances in other media). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
For other uses, see Goldeneye (disambiguation).

Template:Infobox Film Bond

GoldenEye, released in 1995, is the seventeenth spy film of the British James Bond series, and the first to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Unlike previous James Bond films, it was not related to the works of novelist Ian Fleming,[1] although the name "GoldenEye" was taken from his estate in Jamaica. The original story was conceived and written by Michael France, with later collaboration by several other writers, and was directed by Martin Campbell. In the film, Bond fights to prevent an arms syndicate from using the GoldenEye satellite weapon against London in order to cause a global financial meltdown.

GoldenEye was released in 1995 after legal disputes forced a six-year hiatus in the series, during which Timothy Dalton abdicated from the role of James Bond and was replaced by Pierce Brosnan. M was also recast (M was last played by Robert Brown in Licence to Kill), with actress Judi Dench becoming the first female to portray the character. GoldenEye was the first Bond film made after the downfall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, which provided a background for the plot.

The film was lauded by most critics and performed well at the box office, considerably better than Dalton's films.[2] Some critics viewed the film as a modernisation of the series, and felt Brosnan was a definite improvement over his predecessor.[3][4][5] It also received two BAFTA nominations – "Best Achievement in Special Effects" and "Best Sound".[6]

Plot

In the pre-title sequence, James Bond (Agent 007) infiltrates the illicit Arkangel chemical weapons facility in the Soviet Union with his friend Alec Trevelyan (Agent 006) and plants explosive charges. Trevelyan is captured and shot by Colonel Arkady Ouromov but Bond escapes by stealing an airplane and obliterates the facility.

File:GE-Bond-and-Trevelyan.jpg
James Bond and Alec Trevelyan infiltrate a chemical weapons facility.

Nine years later Bond is assigned to spy on Xenia Onatopp, a suspected member of the "Janus" crime syndicate. She and Ouromov, now a general, steal a French Tiger helicopter and fly it to a bunker in Severnaya in Russia where they massacre the programmers and steal the control disk for the GoldenEye satellite weapon. To cover the theft, they programme one of the two satellites to target the complex, causing an electromagnetic pulse that destroys the equipment in the base and causes an approaching MIG fighter crash into the building. They leave with a programmer and conspirator named Boris Grishenko. One of his friends, Natalya Simonova, is the only innocent survivor. Some time later, she arranges a meeting with Grishenko in St. Petersburg where he betrays and captures her.

Bond is assigned to look into the Severnaya disaster. He heads for St. Petersburg, where his CIA ally Jack Wade, arranges a meeting with Valentin Zukovsky, a Russian Mafia head. Zukovsky arranges his meeting with Janus who reveals himself to be Trevelyan who was pitied upon by the British government as a child and faked death after a long dissimulation of his hatred for Britons. He vows revenge for the British betrayal of the Lienz Cossacs as well as for the early detonation at Arkangel.

File:GE-BondandSimonovainCuba.jpg
Bond and Natalya Simonova in Cuba.

Bond is rendered unconscious by a knock-out dart and finds himself tied up with Simonova in a helicopter programmed to fire two missiles at itself to kill them, but they escape using the ejection system. They are immediately arrested by the Russian government and interrogated by the Minister of Defence, Dmitri Mishkin. Here, the truth is revealed to the Minister and Simonova accuses Ourumov of targeting Severnaya. Suddenly, the General intrudes and shoots Mishkin with Bond's PPK. He leaves with Simonova in a car. Bond fights his way through the building and reaches its backyard. He steals a T-55 tank and audaciously pursues Ourumov through the streets of St. Petersburg, to an armoured train, where he meets Trevelyan and Onatopp. After a tense stand-off, Bond kills Ourumov to save Simonova, but gives Trevelyan and Onatopp the chance to escape and lock him inside the train. As the train's self-destruct countdown begins, Bond uses his laser watch to cut through the floor and Simonova traces a remote satellite signal to Cuba. The two escape through the hole in the floor just before the train explodes.

Bond and Simonova go to Cuba to find the satellite dish needed to use the second satellite. Receiving a plane from Wade, they fly over the Cuban jungle till it is shot down. Suddenly, Onatopp rappels down from a helicopter and tortures an already enfeebled Bond by her signature bodyscissors. However, he fixes her rope back and shoots the pilot of the helicopter which pulls her into a tree, crushing her to death.

Soon, the two notice a lake being drained of all its water, thus uncovering the secret satellite dish. They are spotted by Trevelyan's henchmen but quickly slide down the dish and enter the control station, where Trevelyan captures Bond and reveals his plan: he is using the second GoldenEye satellite over London, concealing a theft from the Bank of England and leaving England in economic chaos.

File:Gold9.jpg
Onatopp fighting Bond in the Cuban jungle.

Meanwhile, Simonova programmes the satellite to initiate re-entry, causing it to burn up. Trevelyan captures Simonova but fails to save the satellite, and has his henchman, Boris, attempt to keep it in orbit.

Meanwhile, the captured Bond triggers an explosion within the hideout using his Parker Jotter pen which conceals a "class-four" grenade, then escapes up into the main satellite antenna cradle suspended above the dish. During the fight, Bond jams the moving gears of the cradle, preventing Grishenko from being able to reposition it and regain control of the satellite.Trevelyan begins to pursue Bond and they fight viciously till the Cossack falls down. Bond then escapes on board a helicopter commandeered by Simonova as the collapsing cradle crushes Trevelyan. Inside the bunker, a leakage of liquid nitrogen freezes Grishenko to death. While solacing each other, Bond and Simonova are rescued by Wade and a platoon of U.S. Marines.

Cast

Production

The preceding Bond film, Licence to Kill, had underperformed at the box office.[7] Also, in 1989, MGM/UA was sold to the Australian based broadcasting group Quintex, who wanted to merge the company with Pathé. Danjaq, the Swiss based parent company of EON, sued MGM/UA because the Bond back catalogue was being licensed to Pathé, who intended to broadcast the Bond series on television in several countries across the world without the approval of Danjaq.[8] These legal disputes delayed the film for several years.[9]

While the legal disputes went on, Timothy Dalton was still expected to play Bond in the new film, as he had originally signed up for a three-film contract. In an interview in 1993, Dalton said that Michael France was writing the story for the film, which was due to begin production in January or February 1994.[10] However, the deadline was not met, and in April 1994, Dalton officially abdicated from the role.[11][12] To replace Dalton, the producers cast Pierce Brosnan, who had been prevented from taking over the role from Roger Moore in 1985 because of his contract with Remington Steele.[13][14] Judi Dench was cast as M, thus making GoldenEye the first film of the series featuring a female M. The decision is widely believed to be inspired by Stella Rimington becoming head of MI5 in 1992.[15][16]

GoldenEye was produced by Albert R. Broccoli's EON Productions. With Albert Broccoli's health deteriorating (he died seven months after the film's release), his daughter Barbara Broccoli described him as taking "a bit of a back seat" in the production of the film, but still having a lot of influence.[17] In his stead, Barbara and Michael G. Wilson took the lead roles in production. The producers then chose New Zealander Martin Campbell as the director. Brosnan later described Campbell as "warrior-like in his take on the piece" and that "there was a huge passion there on both our parts".[18] Campbell would go on to direct Casino Royale in 2006. The producers also chose not to use Richard Maibaum, long-time writer for the series.[8][19] After Michael France wrote the original screenplay, Jeffrey Caine was brought in to rewrite it.[20] Caine kept many of France's ideas but added the prologue prior to the credits. Kevin Wade polished the script and Bruce Feirstein added the finishing touches.[21] In the film, the writing credit was shared by Caine and Feirstein, while France was credited with only the story, an arrangement he felt was unfair,[22] particularly as he believed the additions made were not an improvement on his original version.[23] Wade did not receive an official credit, but was acknowledged in the naming of Jack Wade, the CIA character he created.

While the story was not based on a work by Ian Fleming, the title GoldenEye traces its origins to the name of Fleming's Jamaican estate where he wrote the Bond novels. Fleming gave a number of origins for the name of his estate, including Carson McCullers' Reflections in a Golden Eye[24] and Operation Goldeneye, a contingency plan Fleming himself developed during World War II in case of a Nazi invasion through Spain.[25][26]

Since Licence to Kill, the world had changed drastically. GoldenEye was the first James Bond film to be produced since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. This cast doubt over whether James Bond was still relevant in the modern world, as many of the previous films pitted him against Soviet villains trying to take advantage of the Cold War.[27] Much of the film industry felt that it would be "futile" to make a comeback for the Bond series, and that it was best left as "an icon of the past"[28] However, when released, the film was viewed as a successful revivification and it effectively adapted the series for the 1990s.[4][29] One of GoldenEye's more modern aspects was the casting of a female as M, the first James Bond film to do so. In the film, the new M quickly establishes her authority, remarking that Bond is a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur" and a "relic of the Cold War". This is an early indication that Bond is portrayed as far less tempestuous than Timothy Dalton's Bond from 1989.[30]

Filming

File:Arecibo Overview.jpg
Location of the satellite dish actually filmed at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico

Principal photography for the film began on January 16, 1995 and continued till June 6, 1995.[31] The producers were unable to film at Pinewood Studios, the usual location for Bond films, because it had been reserved. Instead, an old Rolls Royce factory at the Leavesdon Aerodrome in Hertfordshire was converted into a new studio.[32] The producers later said Pinewood would have been too small.[17] The film's casino scenes were shot in Monte Carlo, as was the Tiger helicopter's demonstration. Reference footage for the tank chase was shot on location in St. Petersburg and matched to the studio at Leavesden. The climactic scenes on the satellite dish were shot at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.[33] M's office was located at MI6's headquarters, next to the River Thames in London.[34]

The producers gained the assistance of the French Navy, which provided full use of the frigate FS La Fayette and the navy's newest helicopter, the Eurocopter Tiger. The French government also allowed the use of Navy logos as part of the promotional campaign for the film. However, the producers had a dispute with the Ministry of Defence over Brosnan's opposition to French nuclear weapons testing and his involvement with Greenpeace; as a result, the French premiere of the film was cancelled.[35]

The tank chase scene was performed with the use of a Russian T-55 tank from a British military rental firm and modified with the addition of fake explosive reactive armor panels (chronologically appropriate to a modern upgraded T55 equipping the Russian Army Reserve of the period, such as as the T-55M5). In order to avoid destroying the pavement on the city streets of St. Petersburg, the steel off-road tracks of the T-55 were replaced with the rubber-shoed tracks from a British Chieftain tank. A rectangular viewport was cut in the glacis plate and covered with tinted Perspex, allowing a trained driver to maneuver the tank from a prone position inside the driver's compartment while Pierce Brosnan sat in the (modified) driver's seat with his head protruding from the driver's hatch, creating the illusion he was driving the tank "unbuttoned".[36]

The sequences involving the armoured train were filmed on Nene Valley Railway, near Peterborough in the UK. The train comprised a British Rail Class 20 diesel-electric locomotive and a pair of BR Mk 2 coaches. All three were heavily disguised to resemble a Soviet armoured train.[37][38]

The opening 220 m bungee jump at Archangel, shot at the Verzasca Dam in Switzerland and performed by Wayne Michaels, was voted the best movie stunt of all time as of 2002 and set a record for the highest bungee jump off a fixed structure.[39] The largest stunt sequence in the film was the tank chase, which took around six weeks to film, partly on location in St. Petersburg and partly at Leavesden.[40] The tank used in the chase was on loan from the East England Military Museum.[31]

Effects

Goldeneye's opening title sequence featured a woman destroying the hammer and sickle.

The fall of communism in Russia is the main focus of the opening titles, designed by Daniel Kleinman (who took over from Maurice Binder after his death in 1991). They show the collapse and destruction of several structures associated with the Soviet Union, such as the red star and hammer and sickle. In an interview, Kleinman said they were meant to be "a kind of story telling sequence" showing that "what was happening in Communist countries was Communism was falling down".[41]

Product placement

GoldenEye was the first film bound by BMW's three picture deal,[42] so the producers were offered BMW's latest roadster, the BMW Z3. It was featured in the film months before its release, and a limited edition "007 model" sold out within a day of being available to order. As part of the car's marketing strategy, several Z3's were used to drive journalists from a complimentary meal at the Rainbow Room restaurant to GoldenEye's premiere at Radio City Music Hall.[43] For the film, a convertible Z3 is equipped with the usual Q refinements, including a self-destruct feature and Stinger missiles behind the headlights.[44]

The Z3's appearance in GoldenEye stands out as the most successful promotion through product placement in 1995.[45] Ten years later, The Hollywood Reporter listed it as one of the most successful product placements in recent years. The article quoted Mary Lou Galician, head of media analysis and criticism at Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, as saying that the news coverage of Bond's switch from Aston Martin to BMW "generated hundreds of millions of dollars of media exposure for the movie and all of its marketing partners."[46]

GoldenEye was the first James Bond film in which Bond does not wear a Rolex. Brosnan wore an Omega watch to help modernise Bond's image. Lindy Hemming, the film's costume designer, told The European Magazine Rolex had "become a bit ordinary".[47] The producers also wanted to work with a company that would cooperate in cross promotions, which Rolex did not wish to do. Omega produced a limited edition "James Bond" variation of the watch used in GoldenEye.[48] In the film, Bond's watch, standard issue for MI6 agents, can remotely detonate mines and has a built-in laser that can cut through metal.

Further information: List of James Bond vehicles, List of James Bond gadgets, and List of James Bond firearms

Music

Main article: GoldenEye (soundtrack)

The theme song, "GoldenEye", was written by Bono and The Edge, and was performed by Tina Turner.[49] As the producers did not collaborate with Bono or The Edge, alternate versions of the song did not appear throughout GoldenEye, as was the case in previous James Bond films.[50]

The soundtrack to GoldenEye was composed by Éric Serra. Prolific Bond composer John Barry said he was offered it by Barbara Broccoli, but turned it down.[51] Serra's score has been heavily criticised: Richard von Busack, in Metro, wrote that it was "more appropriate for a ride on an elevator than a ride on a roller coaster",[52] and Filmtracks said Serra "failed completely in his attempt to tie Goldeneye to the franchise's past."[53]

Later, John Altman provided the music for the tank chase in St. Petersburg. Serra's original track for that sequence can still be found on the soundtrack as "A Pleasant Drive In St. Petersburg".[54] Serra composed and performed a number of synthesizer tracks, including the version of the James Bond Theme that plays during the gun barrel sequence,[55] while John Altman and David Arch provided the more traditional symphonic music.[56]

Release and reception

GoldenEye premiered on November 13, 1995, at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and went on general release in the USA on November 17 1995. The UK premiere, attended by Prince Charles, followed on November 22 1995 at the Odeon Leicester Square, with general release two days later.[57] Brosnan boycotted the French premiere to support Greenpeace's protest against the French nuclear testing program, causing the premiere to be abrogated.[58] The film was later released in a further 31 countries, under three alternate titles.[59]

The film earned over $26 million during its opening across 2,667 theaters in the USA. Its worldwide sales were about $350 million.[60] It had the fourth highest worldwide gross of all films in 1995[61] and, was the most successful Bond film since Moonraker, taking inflation into account.[2]

The critical reception of the film was mostly positive with the film review collection website Rotten Tomatoes giving it an 84% Fresh approval,[62] although a similar site, Metacritic, gave it only 65%.[63] In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert gave the film 3 stars out of 4, and said Brosnan's Bond was "somehow more sensitive, more vulnerable, more psychologically complete" than the previous ones, also commenting on Bond's "loss of innocence" since previous films.[64] James Berardinelli described Brosnan as "a decided improvement over his immediate predecessor" with a "flair for wit to go along with his natural charm", but added that "fully one-quarter of Goldeneye is momentum-killing padding."[65]

Several reviewers lauded M's appraisal of Bond as a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur",[66][4][67] with Todd McCarthy in Variety saying GoldenEye "breathes fresh creative and commercial life" into the series.[4] John Puccio of DVD Town said that GoldenEye was "an eye and ear-pleasing, action-packed entry in the Bond series" and that the film gave Bond "a bit of humanity, too".[68] Ian Nathan of Empire said that GoldenEye "revamps that indomitable British spirit" and that the Die Hard movies "don't even come close to 007". Tom Sonne of the Sunday Times considered GoldenEye the best Bond film since The Spy Who Loved Me. Jose Arroyo of Sight & Sound considered the greatest success of the film in modernising the series.[29]

However, the film elicited several negative reviews. Richard Schickel of Time wrote that after "a third of a century's hard use", Bond's conventions survived on "wobbly knees",[69] while in Entertainment Weekly, Owen Gleiberman thought the series had "entered a near-terminal state of exhaustion."[70] Dragon Antulov said that GoldenEye had a "standard (and rather predictable) series of scenes",[71] and Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times said that the film was "a middle-aged entity anxious to appear trendy at all costs".[72] David Eimer of Premiere wrote that "the trademark humour is in short supply" and that "Goldeneye isn't classic Bond by any stretch of the imagination."[29] Madeleine Williams said that "there are plenty of stunts and explosions to take your mind off the plot."[73]

GoldenEye was edited in order to be guaranteed a PG-13 rating from the MPAA and a 12 rating from the BBFC. The cuts included the visible bullet impact to Trevelyan's head when he is shot in the prologue, several additional deaths during the sequence in which Onatopp guns down the workers at the Severnaya station, more explicit footage and violent behaviour in the Admiral's death, extra footage of Onatopp's death, and Bond giving her a rabbit punch in the car.[32]In 2006, the film was remastered and re-edited for the James Bond Ultimate Edition DVD in which the cuts including headbutts and violent sound effects were restored, causing the rating to be changed to 15.[74]

Appearances in other media

See also: GoldenEye 007 and GoldenEye: Rogue Agent
File:GE-Virtual-Boy-screenshot-1.png
The only declassified screenshot of the cancelled Virtual Boy version of GoldenEye 007.

GoldenEye was the second and final Bond film to be adapted to a novel by novelist John Gardner, and was to be his penultimate Bond novel. The book closely follows the film's storyline, but Gardner added a violent sequence prior to the opening bungee jump in which Bond kills a group of Russian guards, a change that the video game GoldenEye 007 retained.[75]

In late 1995, Topps Comics began publishing a three-issue comic book adaptation of GoldenEye. The script was adapted by Don McGregor with art by Rick Magyar. The first issue carried a January 1996 cover date.[76] For unknown reasons, Topps cancelled the entire adaptation after the first issue had been published, and to date the adaptation has never been released in its entirety.[77]

The film was the basis for GoldenEye 007, a successful video game for the Nintendo 64 developed by Rare and published by Nintendo.[78][79] It was considered a flagship game for the console, and viewed as revolutionary in its development of the first-person shooter format. In a January 2000 poll, readers of the British video game magazine Computer and Video Games voted GoldenEye 007 to first place in a list of "the hundred greatest video games".[80] In Edge's 10th anniversary issue in 2003, the game was included as one of their top ten shooters of all time,[81] and in 2005, a "Best Games of All-Time" poll at GameFAQs placed it at 7th.[82] It is based upon the film, but many of the missions were extended or modified.[83]

GoldenEye 007 was modified into a racing game intended to be released for the Virtual Boy console. However, the game was cancelled before release.[84]

In 2004, Electronic Arts released GoldenEye: Rogue Agent for several platforms. This is the first game of the James Bond series in which the player does not take on the role of Bond. Instead the protagonist is an aspiring Double-0 agent named GoldenEye recruited by a villain of the Bond universe, Auric Goldfinger.[85] Except the appearance of Xenia Onatopp, the game was unrelated to the film and GoldenEye 007, and was released to mediocre review scores for all its versions — PlayStation 2,[1] GameCube,[2] and Xbox.[3] It was excoriated by several critics including Eric Qualls[86] for using the name "GoldenEye" as an attempt to ride on the success of Rare's game.[87]

References

  1. ^ "The James Bond Films - 1994-2002". BBC News. 2002-11-10. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
  2. ^ a b "Box Office History for James Bond Movies". The Numbers. Nash Information Service. Retrieved 2007-10-18.
  3. ^ Kendrick, James. "GoldenEye". Qnetwork. Retrieved 2007-04-27.
  4. ^ a b c d McCarthy, Todd (1995-11-15). "GoldenEye". Variety. Retrieved 2006-11-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Null, Christopher. "GoldenEye". Filmcritic.com. Retrieved 2007-04-27.
  6. ^ "Film Winners 1990-1999 PDF" (PDF). BAFTA.org. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
  7. ^ "1989 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  8. ^ a b "Production Notes - GoldenEye". MI6.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
  9. ^ "GoldenEye - The Road To Production". mi6.co.uk. 2003-06-23. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
  10. ^ "Interview with Dalton". The Daily Mail. 1993-08-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ Michael G. Wilson, Martin Campbell, Pierce Brosnan, Judi Dench, Desmond Llewelyn. The Making of 'GoldenEye': A Video Journal (DVD). MGM Home Entertainment. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month2= and |date2= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  12. ^ "Biography: Timothy Dalton". IanFleming.org. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
  13. ^ Fox, Maggie (1994-06-08). "Pierce Brosnan Is New James Bond". Reuters. Retrieved 2006-11-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Last, Kimberly (1995). "Pierce Brosnan's Long and Winding Road To Bond". GoldenEye (magazine). Retrieved 2006-11-12.
  15. ^ MacDonald, Jay. "Her majesty's not-so-secret service". Retrieved 2006-11-14.
  16. ^ Morris, Nigel (2002-04-30). "Woman tipped to head MI5 in footsteps of Stella Rimington". Independent, The (London). Retrieved 2006-11-14. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ a b Ashton, Richard (1995). "Richard Ashton Interview Michael G. Wilson". Retrieved 2006-11-12.
  18. ^ Jobson, Richard (2003-03-18). "'My heavens, I haven't been found out yet'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2006-12-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ "Hollywood mogul puts $200m price on James Bond's head; Albert "Cubby" Broccoli". The Sunday Times. 1990-08-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ Birren, Nick (2005-09-30). "The Spirit of the Story: The Constant Gardener's Jeffrey Caine". CreativeScreenwriting. Retrieved 2006-11-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Dye, Kerry Douglas (1999-11-15). "His Word is Bond: An Interview With 007 Screenwriter Bruce Feirstein". LeisureSuit.net. Retrieved 2006-11-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Reg Seeton and Dayna Van Buskirk. "Screenwriting Punishment with Michael France". Retrieved 2006-11-12.
  23. ^ Stax (2003-06-19). "10 Questions: Mike France". IGN. Retrieved 2006-04-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ Pearson, John (1966). The Life of Ian Fleming. Vintage/Ebury. ISBN 0-224-61136-4.
  25. ^ "The Real James Bond". Channel 4. Retrieved 2006-11-19.
  26. ^ Lycett, Andrew (2006-11-05). "Adultery, Cambridge spies, a Jamaican idyll — Ian Fleming's biographer Andrew Lycett traces the origins of James Bond". The Times. Retrieved 2006-11-19. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ Comentale, Edward P. (2005). Ian Fleming and James Bond: The Cultural Politics of 007. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253345233. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth=, |accessmonth=, |month=, |chapterurl=, and |origdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee. "GoldenEye". The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007. Boxtree. p. 169. ISBN 0752215620. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ a b c "GoldenEye - Premiere & Press". MI6.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
  30. ^ "GoldenEye". Notcoming.com. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  31. ^ a b Pearce, Garth (October 31, 1995). The Making of GoldenEye. Boxtree. ISBN 978-1852834845. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth=, |accessmonth=, |month=, |chapterurl=, |origdate=, and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ a b Peter Aston, Pierce Brosnan, Martin Campbell (December 26). GoldenEye: The Secret Files (TV Documentary). Carlton Television. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date=, and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ Michael G. Wilson, Andrew Ackland-Snow, Peter Lamont, Chris Corbould. Location Scouting with Peter Lamont: GoldenEye (TV Documentary). Cloverland Productions. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month2= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  34. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee. "GoldenEye". The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007. Boxtree. p. 171. ISBN 0752215620. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ Lang, Kirsty (1995-12-03). "Bond drops a bomb". The Sunday Times. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "T55 Main Battle Tank - The "Goldeneye Tank", Tanks For Hire Inc. , http://www.tanks4hire.co.uk/T55armouredmilitarytank.html, accessed 11-02-07
  37. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee. "GoldenEye". The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007. Boxtree. p. 176. ISBN 0752215620. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Wright, Andrew (4 May 2006). "Licensed to Thrill". Historic James Bond Diesel Locomotive to star in evocative branch line weekend. Swanage Railway. Retrieved 2007-06-23. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ "007's bungee jump tops best movie stunt poll". Breaking News. 2002-11-17. Retrieved 2006-11-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Interview - Steve Street (Part 1)". MI6.co.uk. 2003-08-26. Retrieved 2006-12-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ "Opening Sequence W/ Daniel Kleinman". Retrieved 2007-01-18.
  42. ^ Michael G. Wilson, Barbara Broccoli, Martin Campbell, Chris Corbould, Pierce Brosnan, Famke Janssen, Izabella Scorupco, Peter Lamont. GoldenEye: Building a Better Bond (Theatrical Teaser). MGM Home Entertainment. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month2= and |date2= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  43. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee. "GoldenEye". The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007. Boxtree. p. 177. ISBN 0752215620. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "BMW Z3". James Bond multimedia. Retrieved 2007-01-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  45. ^ Kinney, L. Product Placement. University of Alabama, Florida State University. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessyear=, |origmonth=, |accessmonth=, |month=, |chapterurl=, and |origdate= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ "A look at some of the biggest hits in film and TV product placement". The Hollywood Reporter. 2005-04-28. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  47. ^ ""The Names Bond, Euro Bond"". The European Magazine. 1995-07-07.
  48. ^ "The 007 Connection". Chronocentric. Retrieved 2007-05-27.
  49. ^ "Tina Turner performs theme song to new James Bond movie, 'GoldenEye.'". Jet. 1995-11-20. Retrieved 2006-11-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee. "GoldenEye". The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007. Boxtree. p. 175. ISBN 0752215620. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  51. ^ Hoshowsky, Robert (November 1996). "John Barry The Gstaad Memorandum". Film Score. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
  52. ^ von Busack, Richard (1995-11-22). "Bond for Glory". Metro. Retrieved 2006-11-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  53. ^ "Filmtracks Editorial Review". filmtracks.com. Retrieved 2006-11-19.
  54. ^ GoldenEye (Audio CD). London: Virgin Records. Event occurs at 26 minutes. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessmonth=, |accessyear=, |month2=, and |date2= (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  55. ^ GoldenEye (Audio CD). London: EMI Capitol. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |date2= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month2= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |year2= ignored (help)
  56. ^ Template:Cite cd notes
  57. ^ "GoldenEye - Première & Press". 2003-11-13. Retrieved 2006-11-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  58. ^ "Pierce Brosnan boycotts French premiere of GoldenEye to support Greenpeace protests". PRNewswire. 1995-12-01. Retrieved 2006-11-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  59. ^ "Release Information - GoldenEye". MI6.co.uk. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
  60. ^ "GoldenEye". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
  61. ^ "1995 Worldwide Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
  62. ^ "GoldenEye (1995)". rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  63. ^ "GoldenEye". metacritic.com. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
  64. ^ Ebert, Roger (1995-11-17). "GoldenEye". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2006-11-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  65. ^ Berardinelli, James (1995). "GoldenEye". www.reelviews.net. Retrieved 2006-11-16.
  66. ^ Hinson, Hal (1995-11-17). "14-Karat 'GoldenEye': A Polished New Bond". Washington Post. Retrieved 2006-11-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  67. ^ Stack, Peter (1995-11-17). "New Bond More Action Than Style". San Francisco Gate. SFGate.com. Retrieved 2006-11-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  68. ^ Puccio, John J. "DVD review of GoldenEye". DVD Town. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
  69. ^ Schickel, Richard (1995-11-27). "Shaky, Not Stirring". Time. Retrieved 2006-11-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. ^ Gleiberman, Owen (1995-11-18). "GoldenEye". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2006-11-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Text "0_0_,00.html" ignored (help); Text "365612" ignored (help)
  71. ^ Antulov, Dragon (2002). "Retrospective: GoldenEye (1995)". Retrospective. Retrieved 2007-04-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  72. ^ Turan, Kenneth (1995-11-17). "GoldenEye - MOVIE REVIEW". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2007-04-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. ^ "GoldenEye film review". Cinematter.com. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
  74. ^ GoldenEye: James Bond Ultimate Edition (DVD). 2006. {{cite AV media}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Goldeneye 007 Official Player's Guide. Nintendo Power. 1997. ASIN: B000B66WKA. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth=, |accessmonth=, |month=, |chapterurl=, |origdate=, and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  76. ^ McGregor, Don (1996) [1995]. James Bond 007: GoldenEye. Artwork by Rick Magyar and Claude St. Aubin; Cover art by Brian Stelfreeze. New York City: Topps Comics. Direct Sales 61114 00257. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |year= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth=, |chapterurl=, |origdate=, and |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonth= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  77. ^ Cox, John (2005-05-19). "When Bond Battled Dinosaurs". commanderbond.net. Retrieved 2006-11-20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  78. ^ "GoldenEye 007 Reviews". gamerankings.com. Retrieved 2006-01-29.
  79. ^ "Microsoft Acquires Video Game Powerhouse Rare Ltd". Microsoft. 2002-09-24. Retrieved 2006-05-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  80. ^ "100 Greatest Games Of All Time". Computer and Video Games (218): 53–67. 2000. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  81. ^ "Ten Top Tens: Shooters". Edge (128): 73. 2003. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  82. ^ "The 10 Best Games Ever". GameFAQs. Retrieved 2006-09-29.
  83. ^ Hollis, Martin (2004-09-02). "The Making of GoldenEye 007". Zoonami. Retrieved 2006-05-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  84. ^ "The Lost GoldenEye Videogame". MI6.co.uk. 2007-01-11. Retrieved 2007-04-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  85. ^ Golden Eye: Rogue Agent (Prima Official Game Guide). Roseville, California: Prima Games. November 23. ISBN 0761546332. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |origmonth=, |accessmonth=, |chapterurl=, and |origdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  86. ^ Qualls, Eric. "GoldenEye: Rogue Agent". About.com: Xbox Games. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
  87. ^ Turner, Benjamin. "GoldenEye: Rogue Agent (PS2)". Gamespy: PS2. IGN Entertainment. Retrieved 2007-01-21.
Wikiquote has quotations related to GoldenEye.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GoldenEye&oldid=174392204"