Emperor
Emperor the sovereign or supreme ruler of a state known as an empire. Emperors are nominally above kings in honor. From the Latin imperator derived from the word meaning to impose.
Countries which have been ruled by emperors or empresses:
- Roman Empire
- Byzantine Empire (a continuation of the Roman Empire)
- China
- Russia ("czar" or "tsar" is from the Latin "Caesar")
- Germany ("kaiser", also derived from Latin "Caesar")
- Austro-Hungarian empire
- Holy Roman Empire (actually a confederation of states)
- France (Napoleon Bonaparte and Napoleon III)
- India (1876 - 1947)
- Ottoman Empire
- Ethiopia
- Vietnam
Countries that are currently ruled by an emperor or empress: