Caliph

The Successor of the Prophet or Khalifa, Caliph in its most common English spelling, was the title taken by Abu Bakr, the father-in-law of Muhammad, when he succeeded him as leader of the Ummah or community of Islam in 632.

Famous caliphs

• the first caliph, Abu Bakr
• the third caliph, Uthman
• the fourth caliph, Ali Ben Abu Talib
• Umayyad dynasty
• Abbasid dynasty
• Abd-ar-rahman IV
• Abd-ar-rahman V
• Abd Allah ibn Zubayr