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Pharaoh

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Pharaoh was the title of the ruler (of godly status) in ancient Egypt. See History of Egypt. See also monarch. From the words pr-o meaning Great House.

Please note that this list is not complete.

Note as well; the dates given must be regarded in most instances as approximate. Dating systems for Egyptian studies are quite various, depending on how they are constructed and what assumptions are used. What is presented below is one such interpretation, but it is assuredly not the only one.

Archaic Period

Predynastic: Lower Egypt The Black Land, consisting of the northern Nile and the Delta.
Name Comments Dates
Tiu - ?
Thesh - ?
Hsekiu - ?
Wazner - c. 3050 ?
Predynastic: Upper Egypt The Red Land, consisting of the southern Nile and the deserts.
Name Comments Dates
Ro - ?
"Scorpion of Egypt" - c. 3150
Narmer - c. 3050
First Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Hor-Aha Menes in earlier lists c. 3050 BCE
Djer - 57 years
Merneith Regent for Djet -
Djet - -
Den - 14 to 20 years
Anedjib - 26 years
Semerkhet - 9 to 18 years
Qa'a - 2916 ?-2890
Second Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Hotepsekhemwy - 2890- ?
Raneb - 39 years
Nynetjer - 47 years
Seth-Peribsen - 17 years
Khasekhemy - ? -2686

OLD KINGDOM

Third Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Sanakhte - 2686-2668
Djoser Commissioned the Step Pyramid designed by Imhotep 2668-2649
Sekhemkhet - 2649-2643
Khaba - 2643-2637
Huni - 2637-2613
Fourth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Sneferu Built two pyramids, incl. the "bent pyramid" 2613-2589
Khufu (Cheops) Commissioned one of the Great Pyramids at Giza 2589-2566
Djedefre - 2566-2558
Khafre (Chephren)]] - 2558-2532
Menkaure (Mycerinus)]] - 2532-2504
Shepseskaf - 2504-2500
Dedefptah - 2500-2498
Fifth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Userkaf - 2498-2491
Sahure - 2487-2477
Neferirkare Kakai - 2477-2467
Shepseskare Isi - 2467-2460
Neferefre - 2460-2453
Nyuserre Ini - 2453-2422
Menkauhor Kaiu - 2422-2414
Djedkare Isesi - 2414-2375
Unas - 2375-2345
Sixth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Teti - 2345-2333
Userkare - 2333-2332
Pepi I Meryre - 2332-2283
Merenre Nemtyemsaf - 2283-2278
Pepi II Neferkare - 2278-2184
Merenre Antyemsaf II - 2184
Netjerykare - 2184-2183
Menkare - 2183-2181

FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

Seventh Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Neferkare I - 2181- ?
Neferkare Neby - ?
Djedure Shemai - ?
Neferkare Khendu - ?
Neferkamin - ?
Nykare - ?
Neferkare Tereru - ?
Neferkahor -  ? -2173
Eighth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Wadjkare Pepysonbe - 2173-2169
Neferkamin Anu - 2169-2167
Qakare Ibi - 2167-2163
Neferkare II - 2163-2162
Neferkauhor Kapuibi - 2162-2161
Neferirkare - 2161-2160
Ninth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Meryibre Khety (Achthoes I) - 2160- ?
--- - ?
Neferkare III - ?
Nebkaure (Acthoes II - ?
Setut - ?
--- - ?
Mery--- - ?
--- - ?
H--- - ?
--- - ?
--- - ?
--- - ?
User--- -  ? -2130
Tenth Dynasty A local dynasty ruling Upper (South) Egypt.
Name Comments Dates
Meryhathor - 2130- ?
Neferkare IV - ?
Wankare(Acthoes III) - ?
Merykare - ?
--- -  ? -2040
Eleventh Dynasty A local dynasty beginning in Lower (North) Egypt.
Name Comments Dates
Intef I - 2134-2117
Intef II - 2117-2069
Intef III - 2069-2060
Nebhetepre Mentuhotep I Gained all Egypt 2040, Middle Kingdom begins. 2060-2010
Sankhkare Mentuhotep II - 2010-1998
Nebtawyre Mentuhotep III - 1997-1991

THE MIDDLE KINGDOM

Twelfth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Amenemhet I - 1991-1962
Senusret I(Sesostris I) - 1971-1926
Amenemhet II - 1929-1895
Senusret II(Sesostris II) - 1897-1878
Senusret III(Sesostris III) - 1878-1841
Amenemhet III - 1842-1797
Amenemhet IV - 1798-1786
Sobeknefru A rare female ruler. 1785-1782

SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

Thirteenth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Sobkhotep I - 1786- ? (5+ yrs.)
Senbuef - 3 or more yrs.
Sehetepibre - c. 1770-1769
Ameny Intef IV (Amenemhet V) -  ? -1760
Amu Sihornerjheryotef -  ?
Renseneb - 4 mo. in c. 1760
Hor - c. 1760
Sobekhotep II (Amenemhet VI) - c. 1750
Ugaf - 2 years
Senusret IV -  ?
Khendjer - 4 yrs, incl. c. 1747
Semenkhkare -  ?
Sobekemsaf I -  ?
Sobekhotep III -td> c. 1745
Neferhotep I - 1741-1730
Sobekhotep IV - 1730-1720
Ai - c. 1720
Neferhotep II -  ?
Dudimose I - c. 1674
Dudimose II -  ?
Senebmiu -  ?
Mentuhotep V -  ?
Senaayeb -  ?
Fourteenth Dynasty A local group in the eastern Delta, at Xois (Avaris)
Name Comments Dates
Nehesy - c. 1705
Khakherewre ? -  ?
Nebefawre - c. 1704
Sehebre ? -  ?
Merdjefare - c. 1699
Sewadjkare ? -  ?
Nebdjefare - c. 1694
Webenre ? -  ?
 ? -  ?
---djefare ? -  ?
---webenre - c. 1690

The source provides an additional 25 names, some fragmented, and no dates. None are attested to elsewhere, and all are of very dubious provenance.

Fifteenth (Hyksos) Dynasty Desert Bedouins who emerged out of the Fertile Crescent to establish a short-lived governance over much of the Nile.
Name Comments Dates
Sheshi Ruled either 1 or 3 years 1674- ?
Yakubher - 8 years
Khyan -  ?
Apepi I - 40 years or more
Apepi II -  ?
Khamudy -  ? -1567
Sixteenth Dynasty (Pelusium) A local group situated on Sinai's north coast
Name Comments Dates
Anather - 1663- ?
Yakobaam - ?

Some sources include as many as six more names (Semqen, Khauserre, Seket, Ahetepre, Amu, and Nebkhepeshre (Apepi III)) - none are attested to elsewhere. This group seems to have disappeared entirely by 1555 BC.

Seventeenth Dynasty Located in Upper (southern) Egupt
Name Comments Dates
Rehotep - 1650- ?
Intef V the Elder - 3 years
Intef VI - ?
Sobekemsaf II - 16 years
Thuty - 1 year
Mentuhotep VI - 1 year
Nebiryerawet I - 6 years
Nebiryerawet II - ?
Semenmedjatre - ?
Seuserenre - 12 years
Shedwast - ?
Intef VII - 3 or more years
Senakhtenre - ?
Tao I the Elder - c. 1633
Tao II the Brave - c. 1574
Kamose - 1573-1570

NEW KINGDOM

Eighteenth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Ahmose Successor to Kamose, above. 1570-1546
Amenhotep I - 1551-1524
Djehutymes I (Tuthmosis I) - 1525-1518
Djehutymes II (Tuthmosis II) - 1518-1504
Djehutymes III (Tuthmosis III) - 1503-1450
Hatshepsut A rare female ruler 1498-1483
Amenhotep II - 1453-1419
Djehutymes IV (Tuthmosis IV) - 1419-1386
Amenhotep III - 1386-1349
Amenhotep IV Akhnaten Founder of brief period of monotheism Aten 1350-1334
Smenkhkare - 1336-1334
Tutankhamun - 1334-1325
Kheperkheprure Ai - 1325-1321
Horemheb Former General and advisor to Tutankhamun 1321-1293
Nineteenth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Rameses I - 1293-1291
Seti I - 1291-1278
Rameses II the Great The ruler usually associated with Moses 1279-1212
Merneptah - 1212-1202
Amenemses - 1202-1199
Seti II - 1199-1193
Merneptah Siptah - 1193-1187
Twosret A rare female ruler 1187-1185
Twentieth Dynasty
Name Comments Dates
Setnakhte - 1185-1182
Rameses III - 1182-1151
Rameses IV - 1151-1145
Rameses V - 1145-1141
Rameses VI - 1141-1133
Rameses VII - 1133-1126
Rameses VIII - 1126
Rameses IX - 1126-1108
Rameses X - 1108-1098
Rameses XI - 1098-1070

THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

High Priests (Thebes) 

  Herihor
  Piankh
  Pinodjem I
  Masaherta
  Menkheperre
  Smendes II
  Pinodjem II
  Psusennes III

21st Dynasty (Tanis) 

  Smendes I
  Amenemnisu
  Psusennes I
  Amenemope
  Osorkon the elder(Osochor)
  Siamun
  Psusennes II

22nd Dynasty (Tanis) 

  Shoshenq I
  Osorkon I
  Shoshenq II
  Takelot I
  Osorkon II
  Takelot II
  Shoshenq III
  Pami
  Shoshenq V
  Osorkon IV

22nd Dynasty (Thebes) 

  Harsiese

23rd Dynasty (Leontopolis) Lybian Anarchy 

  Pedibast
  Shoshenq IV
  Osorkon III
  Takelot III
  Rudamon
  Iuput

23rd Dynasty (Herakleopolis) 

  Peftjauabast

23rd Dynasty (Hermopolis) 

  Nimlot

24th Dynasty 

  Tefnakht
  Bakenrenef (Bochoris)

25th Dynasty (Nubian - Kushite Dynasty) 

  Piankhi
  Shabaka
  Shebitku
  Taharqa
  Tanutamun

26th Dynasty (Sais) 

  Psamtik I
  Nekau I
  Psamtik II
  Apries
  Ahmose II (Amasis)
  Psamtik III

LATE PERIOD

27th Dynasty (First Persian Period) 

  Cambyses II
  Darius I
  Xerxes
  Artaxerxes I
  Darius II
  Artaxerxes II

28th Dyansty 

  Amyrtaios

29th Dynasty 

  Nepherites I
  Achoris

30th Dynasty 

  Nectanebo I
  Teos
  Nectanebo II

31st Dynasty (Second Persian Period) 

  Artaxerxes III
  Arses
  Darius III

Macedonian Kings 

  Alexander The Great
  Philip Arrhidaeus
  Alexander IV

Ptolemaic Period 

  Ptolemy I(Ptolemaeus)Soter I
  Ptolemy II Philadelphus
  Ptolemy III Euergetes I
  Ptolemy IV Philopator
  Ptolemy V Epiphanes
  Ptolemy VI Philometor
  Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
  Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II
  Ptolemy IX Soter II
  Ptolemy X Alexander I
  Ptolemy XI Alexander II
  Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
  Ptolemy XIII
Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Kills her brother to take control, marries Mark Anthony and then they both kill themselves 7 years later
  Ptolemy XIV
  Ptolemy XV Caesarion (son of Cleopatra VII and G.Julius Caesar)

Roman Period

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