List of names of European cities in different languages
Most cities in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official," "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by language, and then by any historical variants and former names.
A foreign name is listed even it is the same as in English, to give people the opportunity to look up the foreign name if they don't know it.
A fuller list of place names in Irish is also available.
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| Aachen | Cáchy (Czech), Aken (Dutch), Aix-la-Chappelle (French), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrán (Spanish) | |
| Adrianople | Adrianoupolis (Greek), Adrianopol (Polish), Edirne (Turkish), Hadrianople (alternative spelling) | |
| Albacete | al-Basīt (Arabic) | |
| Alexandroupolis | Alexandroupolis (Greek), Dedeagach (Turkish) | |
| Algeciras | al-Jazīra (Arabic) | |
| Alicante | Alacant (Catalan), al-Laqant (Arabic) | |
| Almaty | Alma-Ata (Russian) | |
| Amsterdam | Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterodam (Czech), Ámsterntam (Greek), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Amsterdão (Portuguese) | |
| Ankara | Anqara (Arabic), Ánkyra (Greek), Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra, Angora (former names) | |
| Antioch | Antiokia (Finnish), Antioche (French), Antakya (Turkish), Antiochia (Polish), Antioquía (Spanish) | |
| Antwerp | Antwīrb (Arabic), Antverpy (Czech), Antwerpen (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Anvers (French), Amvérsa (Greek), Anversa (Italian), Antwerpia (Polish), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Ukrainian), Amberes (Spanish) | |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German) | |
| Ashkhabad | Išq Ābād (Arabic), Ašchabád (Czech), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aschchabad (German), Askhabád (Greek), Aszchabad (Polish), Aškhabad (Russian), Aşgabat (Turkish), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashxobod (Uzbek) | |
| Astana | Akhmolinsk (Russian) | |
| Athens | Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Turkish), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian), Athene (Dutch), Ateena (Finnish), Athènes (French), Athinai (Greek), Athén (Hungarian), Atene (Italian), Ateny (Polish), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atena (Romanian), Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), Aten (Swedish) | |
| Augsburg | Augšpurk (Czech), Augsbourg (French), | |
| Auschwitz | Osvětim (Czech), Oświęcim (Polish) | |
| Baku | Bākū (Arabic), Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Mpakoú (Greek), Bakü (Turkish) | |
| Barcelona | Barcelona (Catalan, Spanish), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barcelone (French), Varkelonē (Greek), Barcellona (Italian), Barselona (Russian, Ukrainian | |
| Basle | Bāzil (Arabic), Basilej (Czech), Bazel (Dutch), Bâle (French), Basel (German, Finnish), Vasileía (Greek), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazylea (Polish), Basileia (Portuguese), Bazel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Basilea (Spanish) | |
| Bautzen | Budyšín (Czech), Budziszyn (Polish) | |
| Belgrade | Bilġrād (Arabic), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Russian), Bělehrad (Czech), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Belgrad (Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Turkish), Veligrádi (Greek), Belgrád (Hungarian), Beograd (Serbian), Belehrad (Slovak), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian) | |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Berlín (Czech, Spanish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berliini (Finnish), Berlino (Italian), Berlim (Portuguese) | |
| Berne | Bern (Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Ukrainian), Vérnē (Greek), Berna (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Berno (Polish) | |
| Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Frunze (former name) | |
| Birmingham | Brummagem (old pronunciation, never official) | |
| Bologna | Bologne (French), Bolonia (Polish, Romanian, Spanish) | |
| Bolzano | Bozen (German) | |
| Brasov | Kronstadt (German), Brassó (Hungarian) | |
| Braunschweig | Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunswick (less common English), Braunschweig (German), Brunszwik (Polish) | |
| Bratislava | Pressburg (German), Mpratisláva (Greece), Pozsony (Hungarian), Bratysława (Polish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian) [note: the name was officially changed from Pressburg / Pozsony into Bratislava in 1919; for a list of most older names see Bratislava] | |
| Bremen | Brême (French), Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Polish) | |
| Brest, Belarus | Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939), Brest-Litovsk (English version of Polish name) | |
| Brno | Brünn (German) | |
| Bruges | Brugy (Czech), Brugge (Dutch/Flemish, German), Brugia (Polish), Brujas (Spanish) | |
| Brussels | Brūksil (Arabic), Brjuksel (Bulgarian), Bruseŀles (Catalan), Brusel (Czech), Bryssel (Danish, Swedish), Brussel (Dutch/Flemish), Brysseli (Finnish), Bruxelles (French), Brüssel (German), Vryxélles (Greek), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Brusselle (Italian), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Bruksela (Polish), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Brjussel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Bruselas (Spanish), Brüksel (Turkish) | |
| Bucharest | Būqārist (Arabic), Bukarešt (Croatian), Bukurešť (Czech), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Boekarest (Dutch), Bucarest (French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Voukourésti (Greek), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish) | |
| Budapest | Būdābist (Arabic), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapešť (Czech), Budimpešta (Croatian), Boedapest (Dutch), Ofen (old German name), Voudapéstē (Greek), Budapeszt (Polish), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budin (old Turkish name) | |
| Budweis | České Budějovice (Czech) | |
| Bydgoszcz | Bromberg (German), Bydgoszcz (Polish) | |
| Cádiz | al-Qādis (Arabic), Kadyks(Polish) | |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh) | |
| Carlsbad | Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) | |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Catalan, Spanish), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) | |
| Chemnitz | Saská Kamenice (Czech), Karl-Marx-Stadt (former name) | |
| Cleves | Kleve (German) | |
| Cluj | Kluž (Czech), Klausenburg (German), Kolozsvár (Hungarian}, Kluż (Polish), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian) | |
| Coblenz | Coblence (French), Koblenz (German), Koblencja (Polish) | |
| Coimbra | Qulumriya (Arabic), Coimbre (French) | |
| Cologne | Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Keulen (Dutch), Kolōnía (Greek), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Köln (German, Finnish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Kolonia (Polish), Colónia (Portuguese), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian) | |
| Copenhagen | Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kodaň (Czech), København (Danish), Kopenhagen (Dutch, German), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Kopenkhágē (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Copenaghen (Italian), Kjøpenhavn (Norwegian), Kopenhaga (Polish), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenhag (Turkish) | |
| Córdoba | al-Qurduba (Arabic), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordoue (French) | |
| Corfu | Korfu (Finnish), Corfou (French), Corcyra or Kérkyra (Greek) | |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan), Korintti (Finnish), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Spanish), Korinthos (Greek), Korynt (Polish) | |
| Cork | Corcaigh (Irish) | |
| Cracow | Krākūf (Arabic), Krakov (Czech), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakova (Finnish), Cracovie (French), Krakovía (Greek), Krakkó (Hungarian), Cracovia (Italian), Krokuva (Lithuanian), Kraków (Polish), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovia (Romanian), Krakov (Russian), Krakovi (Turkish), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Kraka (Yiddish) | |
| Donetsk | Donieck (Polish), Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) | |
| Dover |
Douvres (French) | |
| Dresden | Drážďany (Czech), Dresde (French), Drezno (Polish) | |
| Dubrovnik | Ragusa (Italian) | |
| Dublin | Dablin (Arabic), Dulenn (Breton), Douvlíno (Greek), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dublino (Italian), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dyflinn (Welsh) | |
| Dunkirk | Dunkerque (French) Dounkérkē (Greek), Dunkierka (Polish) | |
| Dushanbe | Dūšānbī (Arabic), Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Duschanbe (German), Ntousanmpé (Greek), Duszanbe (Polish), Dušanbe (Russian, Tajik), Duşanbe (Turkish), Hissar (former name) | |
| Edinburgh | Edimbourg (French), Edynburg (Polish) | |
| Flensburg | Flensborg (Danish) | |
| Florence | Florència (Catalan), Florenz (German), Firenze (Italian, Finnish), Florencia (Spanish), Florencja(Polish), Florenţa (Romanian) | |
| Flushing | Vlissingen (Dutch) | |
| Frankfurt | Francfort (Catalan), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Frankfurt am Main (German),
Francoforte del Menno (Italian), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish) | |
| Frankfurt | Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish) | |
| Gallipoli | Kalipolis (Greek), Gelibolu (Turkish) | |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish) | |
| Gdańsk | Danzig (German), Gdańsk (Polish) | |
| Gdynia | Gdyně (Czech), Gdingen (German), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) | |
| Geneva | Jinīf (Arabic), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Ženeva (Czech, Lithuania, Slovak), Genève (French), Genf (German), Ghenevē (Greek), Ginevra (Italian), Genewa (Polish), Ginebra (Catalan, Romanian, Spanish), Cenevre (Turkish) | |
| Genoa | Gènova (Catalan), Janov (Czech), Genova (Finnish), Gênes (French), Genova (Italian), Genua (German, Dutch, Polish), Génova (Spanish) | |
| Ghent | Gent (Dutch/Flemish, German), Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish) | |
| Girona | Gerona (Spanish) | |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Grenade (French) | |
| Grodno | Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian) | |
| Groningen | Groningue (French) | |
| Hamburg | Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburk (Czech), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hampuri (Finnish), Hambourg (French), Amvoúrgo (Greek), Amburgo (Italian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gamburg (Russian) | |
| Hanover | Hanovre (French), Hannover (Dutch, German), Hanovra (Romanian) | |
| Helsinki | Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Elsínki (Greek), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsínquia (Portuguese) | |
| Heraklion | Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Candia (Italian) | |
| Istanbul | Stamboll (Albanian), Istanbūl (Arabic), Constantinoble (Catalan), Istanboel (Dutch), Isztambul (Hungarian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian), Istanbuł, Stambuł (Polish), Istambul (Romanian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Carigrad (Slovene), Estambul (Spanish), İstanbul (Turkish) Former names: Constantinopel (Dutch), Constantinople (English), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Konstantinopel (German, Norwegian), Byzantion, Kōnstantinoúpolē (Greek), Byzantium (Latin, English), Carogród/ Konstantynopol (Polish), Tsarigrad (Russian), Stamboul (Turkish), Bysants (Norwegian), Miklagard (old Norse/Norwegian). Estambul, Kostan, Kospoli, Koshta, Koshtandina, Konstantinopyla (other variants during Ottoman period) | |
| Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan), Smyrna (Greek) | |
| Janina | Ioannina (Greek), Yanya (Turkish) | |
| Kaliningrad | Královec (Czech), Królewiec (Polish), Königsberg (former German name) | |
| Katowice | Kattowitz (German) | |
| Kaunas | Kowno (Polish) | |
| Kharkov | Kharkiv (Ukrainian), Charków (Polish) | |
| Kiel | Kilonia (Polish) | |
| Kiev | Kīyif (Arabic), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Slovene), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiova (Finnish), Kiew (German), Kíevo (Greek), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kijev (Russian), Kíev (Spanish), Kyïv (Ukrainian), Kiav (Yiddish) | |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) | |
| Kishiniev | Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kischinew (German), Kisináou (Greek), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Chişinău (Moldovan, Romanian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kišinjov (Russian), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian), Kešenev (Yiddish) | |
| Kláipeda | Memel (German), K&322;ajpeda (Polish) | |
| Lausanne | Lozanna (Polish) | |
| Leghorn | Livourne (French), Livorno (Italian) | |
| Leiden | Lejda (Polish) | |
| Leipzig | Lipsko (Czech), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsk (Polish), Lipsca (old Romanian) | |
| Liege | Lutych (Czech), Luik (Dutch), Liège (French), Lüttich (German) | |
| Limerick | Luimneach (Irish) | |
| Lisbon | Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lisbonne (French), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisbona (Italian), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lizbona (Polish), Lisabona (Romanian), Lizbon (Turkish) | |
| Ljubljana | Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Laibach (German), Lioumpliána (Greek), Lubiana (Italian), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Lubyana (Turkish) | |
| Lleida | Lérida (Spanish) | |
| London | Landan (Arabic), Londýn (Czech), Londen (Dutch), Lontoo (Finnish), Londres (French, Spanish), Londhino (Greek), Londain (Irish), Londra (Italian, Turkish), Londyn (Polish), Londra (Romanian), Llundain (Welsh) | |
| Londonderry | Derry (former name) | |
| Louvain | Lovaň (Czech), Leuven (Dutch), Lovaina (Spanish), Löwen (German) | |
| Lubeck | Lyypekki (Finnish), Lübeck (German), Lubeka (Polish) | |
| Lucca | Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) | |
| Lucerne | Lucern (Czech), Lucerna (Spanish), Luzern (German), Lucerna (Polish) | |
| Lunenburg | Lüneburg (German) | |
| Luxembourg | Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Lucemburk (Czech), Luxemborg (Danish), Luxemburg (German, Finnish, Dutch, Romanian), Louxemvoúrgo (Greek), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Luksemburg (Polish), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian) | |
| L'viv | Lemberg (German), Lwów (Polish), L'vov (Russian) | |
| Lyons | Lyon (French) | |
| Maastricht | Mastrique (Spanish) | |
| Madrid | Madrítē (Greek), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madryt (Polish) | |
| Mainz | Mohuč (Czech), Mayence (French), Moguncja (Polish) | |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish) | |
| Maribor | Marburg (German) | |
| Marseille | Marsīliyā (Arabic), Massalía (Greek), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsylia (Polish), Marselha (Portuguese), Marsel' (Russian), Marsella (Spanish), Marsilya (Turkish) | |
| Meissen | Míšeň (Czech), Miśnia (Polish) | |
| Milan | Mīlānū (Arabic), Milaan (Dutch), Mailand (German), Miláno (Greek), Milánó (Hungarian), Milano (Italian, Finnish, Romanian), Mediolan (Polish), Milão (Portuguese), Milán (Czech, Spanish) | |
| Minsk | Mensk (Belarusian), Minszk (Hungarian), Minńsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian) | |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch) | |
| Moscow | Mūskū (Arabic), Maskva (Belarusian), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, Danish, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish), Moscou (French), Moskau (German), Móscha (Greek), Moskwa (Polish), Moscova (Romanian), Moscú (Spanish) | |
| Munich | Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Minhen (Croatian), Mnichov (Czech), München (German, Dutch, Finnish), Mónacho (Greek), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Monachium (Polish), Munique (Portuguese), Münih (Turkish) | |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Nàpols (Catalan), Napels (Dutch), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Greek), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napoli (Italian, Finnish), Neapol (Czech, Polish), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Napulj (Serbian) | |
| Nice | Niça (Catalan), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German), Nicea (Polish) | |
| Newport | Casnewydd (Welsh) | |
| Nicosia | Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nicosie (French), Nikosia (German), Lefkōsía (Greek), Nikozia (Hungarian), Nikozja (Polish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Lefkoşa (Turkish) | |
| Nijmegen | Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German) | |
| Nizhniy Novgorod | Nijni-Novgorod (French), Gorkiy (former name), Nowogród (Polish) | |
| Novi Sad | Ujvidek (Hungarian) | |
| Nuremberg | Norimberk (Czech), Neurenberg (Dutch), Nürnberg (German, Finnish), Norymberga (Polish) | |
| Oldenburg | Starogard (Polish) | |
| Oporto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Porto (French, Polish, Portuguese) | |
| Oslo | Ūslū (Arabic), Christiania (Dano-Norwegian former name), Kristiania (late version of former name) | |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostende (Czech, French), Ostenda (Polish) | |
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Czech, Italian), Padwa (Polish) | |
| Palermo | Palerme (French) | |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruna (Basque), Pampelune (French), Pampeluna (Polish) | |
| Perpignan | Perpinyà (Catalan), Perpiñán (Spanish) | |
| Paris | Bārīs (Arabic), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Pariz (Croatian), Paříž (Czech), Parijs (Dutch), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parísi (Greek), Párizs (Hungarian), Parigi (Italian), Parīze (Latvian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryż (Polish), París (Spanish) | |
| Parma | Parme (French), | |
| Parnu | Päautrnu (Finnish), Pernau (German), Parnawa (Polish) | |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French) | |
| Plovdiv | Philippopolis (Greek), Płowdiw (Polish) | |
| Potsdam | Postupim (Czech), Poczdam (Polish) | |
| Poznań | Posen (German) | |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (German, Swedish) Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Romanian, Russian), Prag or Prog (Yiddish) | |
| Pskov | Pihkva (Estonian), Psków (Polish) | |
| Riga | Rīġā (Arabic), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish) | |
| Rome | Rūmiya (Arabic), Rim (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Řím (Czech), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Rom (German), Romi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Rzym (Polish) | |
| Saarbrücken | Sarrebruck (French) | |
| Samara | Kuybyshev (former name) | |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque) | |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan) | |
| Saragossa | Saragossa (Catalan), Saragosse (French), Zaragoza (Spanish) | |
| Sarajevo | Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Sarágevo (Greek), Bosna Serai (Turkish) | |
| Schaffhausen | Szafuza (Polish) | |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Séville (French), Siviglia (Italian), Sewilla (Polish), Sevilla (Spanish, Finnish), Sevilia (Romanian) | |
| Shkodër | Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Serbian) | |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian) | |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Skoplje (Croatian), Skópia (Greek), Skop'e (Russian), Skopia (Spanish), Üsküb (Turkish) | |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) | |
| Sofia | Sūfiyā (Arabic), Sofija (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Szófia (Hungarian), Sofía (Spanish), Sofya (Turkish) | |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solura (Polish) | |
| St Petersburg | Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Peterburi (Estonian), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Péterbourg (French), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish), Agía Petroúpolē (Greek), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), Leningrad (former name), Petrograd (former name) | |
| Stockholm | Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Štokholm (Croatian, Slovak), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokkhólmē (Greek), Stoccolma (Italian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Sztokholm (Polish), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Stokgol'm (Russian, Ukrainian) | |
| Strasbourg | Štrasburk (Czech), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strassburg (German), Estrasburgo (Spanish) | |
| Swansea | Abertawe (Welsh) | |
| Syracuse | Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian), Syrakuzy (Polish) | |
| Szczecin | Štětín (Czech), Stettin (German) | |
| Tallinn | Tālīn (Arabic), Reval, Tallinn (German), Tallín (Greek), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish), Tallinna (Finnish), Tallina (Latvian), Talinas (Lithuanian) Rewal, Tallin (Polish) | |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish) | |
| Tartu | Tartto (Finnish), Dorpat (German, Polish) | |
| Tashkent | Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian), Taşkent (Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek) | |
| Tbilisi | Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tiflis (German), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian) | |
| Tekirdag | Rodosto (Greek) | |
| Terezin | Terezín (Czech), Theresienstadt (German) | |
| Teschen | Těšín (Czech), Cieszyn (Polish) | |
| The Hague | Lāhāy (Arabic), Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Finnish), La Haye (French), Den Haag (German), Khághē (Greek), Hága (Hungarian), Haga (Polish), Haia (Portuguese), Gaaga (Russian), La Haya (Spanish), Haaha (Ukrainian) | |
| Thessaloniki | Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Salonica (former English name) | |
| Timisoara | Temešvár (Czech), Temeschwar (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Timişoara (Romanian) | |
| Tirana | Tiranë (Albanian), Tiran (Turkish) | |
| Toruń | Thorn (German) | |
| Toulouse | ||
| Trento | Trente (French), Trent (German), Trydent (Polish) | |
| Trier | Trevír (Czech), Trèves (French), Trewir (Polish) | |
| Trondheim | Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian former name), Drontheim (WWII German name), Nidaros (viking age and medieval name) | |
| Turin | Turín (Czech), Turijn (Dutch), Torino (Italian, Finnish), Turyn (Polish) | |
| Turku | Turu (Estonian), Åbo (Swedish) | |
| Tver | Kalinin (former name), Twer (Polish) | |
| Ulyanovsk | Simbirsk (former name) | |
| Vaasa | Vasa (Swedish) | |
| Valencia | València (Catalan), Valence (French) | |
| Valletta | Fālītā (Arabic), La Valette (French), Valéta (Greek), La Valletta (Italian), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), La Valeta (Portuguese) | |
| Venice | al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Venecija (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Venècia (Catalan), Benátky (Czech), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venetië (Dutch), Venise (French), Venetía (Greek), Velence (Hungarian), Venezia (Italian), Wenecja (Polish), Veneza (Portuguese), Veneţia (Romanian), Venecia (Spanish), Venedik (Turkish), Vinitsia (Yiddish) | |
| Vienna | Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Vídeň (Czech), Wenen (Dutch), Vienne (French), Wien (German), Viénnē (Greek), Bécs (Hungarian), Wiedeń (Polish), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Viedeň (Slovak), Dunaj (Slovene), Viena (Catalan, Spanish, Romanian), Viyana (Turkish), Vin (Yiddish) | |
| Vilnius | Filniyūs (Arabic), Vil'nja, Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vilna (Finnish, Italian), Wilna (German), Vílnious (Greek), Viļņa (Latvian), Wilno (Polish), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilne (Yiddish) | |
| Vladikavkaz | Ordzhonikidzhe (former name) | |
| Volgograd | Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Carycyn (former Polish name) | |
| Vyborg | Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German) | |
| Warsaw | Wārsū (Arabic), Varšava (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian), Varšava (Czech, Slovak), Varssavi (Estonian), Varsova (Finnish), Varsovie (French), Warschau (German, Dutch), Varsovía (Greek), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsavia (Italian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Varşovia (Romanian), Warszawa (Polish), Varsovia (Spanish), Varşova (Turkish), Varshe (Yiddish) | |
| Waterford | Port Láirge (Irish) | |
| Worms | Wormancja (Polish) | |
| Wrocław | Vratislav (Czech), Breslau (German, Dutch) | |
| Yekaterinburg | Sverdlovsk (former name) | |
| Yerevan | Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French), Jerewan, Eriwan (German), Jereván (Hungarian), Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Russian, Ukrainian), Yereván (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish) | |
| Zagreb | Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Agram (German), Zágkremp (Greek), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian) | |
| Zurich | Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Croatian), Curych (Czech), Zürich (German, Finnish), Zyríkhē (Greek), Zurigo (Italian), Ciurichas (Lithuanian), Zurych (Polish), Zurique (Portuguese), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Zürih (Turkish) |
See also: Latin names of European cities, List of cities in Finland